pacific; islands monthly PIM FEBRUARY 197S American Samoa USSI 25 Australia AJI 00* Fiji FSI 00 Hawaii USSI 50 New Cal i Ff Poi CFP 140 New Hebrides AS 00 NZ Cook It S NtueNZSI 00 Nona* itiato AS I 00 Papua New Guinea K 1 00 Solomons SSI 00 loofla PI 00 USTT A Guam USSI.2S Wulern Samoa T 1 00

Norfolk Island

Identity crisis

How to find a REAL economy car.

When you look at a car billed as an economy model, ask yourself a few questions.

What sort of fuel consumption can be expected?

Low? Good.

What about other operating costs? Oil, lubrication, that kind of thing. Low again? Great.

How about maintenance? The car has a low-breakdown record? You are definitely on the right track.

What is the average life of the car? Is it better than the average in your area? Super. That’s important in an economy car.

How. How is the after service? Buying a car is not all in the price you know. Plenty of service outlets?

One economy car coming up. All you have to do is check the price. Then you can tell if you are really getting an economy car.

You will probably find, after asking these questions about town, that REAL economy cars come down to Toyota, the world’s economy car builder.

See Toyota first. Then you won’t have to shop around.

Ihe Happy Economizer

Toyota Starlet

The car that says economy in every way.

And you will be happy for it. Big inside Small outside. Miserly with petrol.

Without sacrificing comfort. A good buy in an economy car even for Toyota. \ k PAPUA NEW GUINEA: ELA MOTORS LIMITED, Scratchley Rd., Badili, P.O. Box 75, Port Moresby.

U.S. TRUST

Territory: Microl

CORPORATION, P.O. Box 267, Saipan.

FIJI ISLANDS: AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIES CO., LTD., G.P.O. Box 355, Suva.

AMERICAN SAMOA:

Burns Philp

(SOUTHSEA) CO., LTD., P.O. 1057, Pago Pago.

WESTERN SAMOA:

Burns Philp

(SOUTHSEA) LTD., P.O. Box 188, Apia.

Guam: Atkins, Kroll

(GUAM) LTD., P.O. Box 6248, Tamuning.

NEW HEBRIDES:

New Hebrides

MOTORS LTD., P.O. Box 18, Vila.

SOLOMON ISLANDS: MENDANA TOYOTA SERVICE TOYOTA ENTERPRISES (5.1.) LTD., P.O. Box 174, Honiara.

Tahiti: Nippon

AUTOMOTO, B.P. 342, Papeete.

COOK ISLANDS:

Cook Islands

TRADING CORPORATION LTD., P.O. Box 92, Rarotonga.

NAURU ISLAND:

Nauru Cooperative

SOCIETY.

GILBERT ISLANDS: TARAWA MOTORS, Box 36, Bairjki Tarawa.

NORFOLK ISLAND:

Mount Pitt

(ENTERPRISES) LTD., P.O. Box 169 NEW CALEDONIA: SOCIETE IMPORTATION

Automobile De

PACIFIQUE, Rond-Point du Pacific (Station Total) B.P. 438, Noumea.

The Toyota range includes: Toyota 1000, Toyota Starlet, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Celica, Toyota Corona, Toyota Cressida, Toyota Crown

Cover: Norfolk Island a society with a unique niche in British history; and a people who, like people anywhere, aspire to self-government. Photo: Stuart Inder.

PIM

Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. 50 No. 2 February 1979 [USPS 952480] Elsewhere $A16 Payment by personal cheque is accepted in Australian, US, New Zealand, UK and Fiji currency. For other remittances please obtain a bank draft in Australian dollars made payable to the ANZ Banking Group. 88 Wentworth Avenue, Sydney, Australia REPRESENTATIVES AUSTRALIA: Distribution Gordon & Gotch (A asia) Ltd, Box 40, PO, Rosebery, NSW 2018 Advertising - Melbourne - Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty Ltd 5th Floor, Alley Building. 75-77 Flinders Lane, Melbourne 3000 telephone 63-0211, ext 1565 Jeff Gates, ext 1858 Ida Padgett; Brisbane - D. Wood, Anday Agency. Box 1918, GPO, Brisbane 4001, telephone 44 3485 44 1546 Adelaide - Hastwell Media, PO Box 30, 399 Glen Osmond Rd, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, telephone 79 1869, 79 5956; cables Hastmedia, Adelaide FIJI: Distribution and subscriptions - Desai Bookshops, PO Box 160, Suva, Fiji, telephone Suva 23036 Advertising - Fiji Times & Herald Ltd, 20 Gordon St, Suva telephone 312 111, telex FJ2124 FRENCH POLYNESIA; Distribution — Hachette Pacifique, 10 Ave Bruat, Papeete, telephone 2 5610 HAWAII, UNITED STATES: Distribution PIM, Hawaii 2812 Kahawai St, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 JAPAN: Advertising and subscriptions - Universal Media Corporation, CPO Box 46. Tokyo, telephone 666 3036.

NEW CALEDONIA; Distribution — Depot Centre de Presse Michel Pentecost, CBP2, Noumea, telephone 27 2434, 27 4729.

NEW ZEALAND: Distribution - Gordon & Gotch. PO Box 584, 2 Carr Road, Mt. Roskill, Auckland 4 Advertising - International Media Representatives Ltd, PO Box 2313 Auckland, telephone 795 487; 493 389, cables Intereps, Auckland. Subscriptions - Pacific Publications, GPO Box 2229, Auckland.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Distribution — Robert Brown & Assoc., PO Box 3395, Port Moresby, telephone 2 5855.

Advertising — PNG Post-Courier, PO Box 85 Port Moresby, telephone 212577 UNITED KINGDOM: The Herald & Weekly Times Ltd, 8-10 Clifford's Inn, Fetter Lane, London EC4A 1BU, telephone D1 831 6041, telex London 21989 UNITED STATES MAINLAND: Advertising - Joshua B p owers Jr, Powers International Inc , 551 Fifth Ave New fork. New York 100 017, telephone 867 9580 telex ?36514 Subscriptions - PIM, Hawaii, 2812 Kahawai St Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 published monthly by Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty Ltd and printed in Australia by Kralco, Flemington, NSW Australian cover price is recommended retail only Regisered at the GPO Sydney for transmission by post as a Dublication — category B. Second class postage paid at Honolulu, Hawaii. Copyright e 1978 Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty Ltd.

Postmaster Honolulu Send address changes to PIM Hawaii, 2812 Kahawai St, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.

This Month

• Norfolk Island Australia has new legislation planned for its Pacific territory. In the long term, will the people of Norfolk be Islanders or Australians?

PIM survey 31 • Seabed International seabed miners are leaving minerals nodules where they are until the Law of the Sea Conference makes a move 67 • The Region When four Pacific leaders addressed the UN general assembly last year a surprisingly common line emerged 9 • New Hebrides A change in leadership, George Kalsakau out, Fr Gerard Leymang in, in the Anglo-French condominium brought a quick result in negotiations with the Vanuaaka Party 21 • Torres Strait Papua New Guinea and Australia have at last signed a Torres Strait Treaty. Now it has to be ratified on both sides and made to work 13 • Defence New Zealand is pulling in its horns. Forward defence is diminishing. Islanders can expect to see more of NZ’s military men, Asians less..ll • Sport Fiji is hard at work preparing for the biggest South Pacific Games ever 12 • New Caledonia Land ownership in this French colony, thanks to traditional ties and Western laws, remains a problem 71 Afterthoughts 30 American Samoa 17, 29 Books 57 Deaths 65 FIJI 9,12,17,29,54,61,74 French Polynesia 17 Gilbert Islands 23 Guam 21,77 Islands Press 63 Letters 5 New Caledonia 27,71 New Hebrides 21,54,61 New Zealand 11 Niue 51 Norfolk Island 31-49,59,61 Pacific Report 7 PNG 9,13,17,30,57,61,69 People 17 Pitcairn Island 61 Political Currents 21 Shipping Services 85 Solomon Islands 9,21,61 SPEC 74 Thursday Island 53 Tonga 17,21,54,61,77 Tradewlnds 67 Tradewinds Intelligence 78 Troplcallties 51 TTPI 21,29,53 Tuvalu 17,25,61 Western Samoa 9,27,53,54,61 Yachts 81 Father Gerard Leymang, New Hebrides chief minister . . .

George Kalsakau, out as leader but in as speaker 3 \CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979 Founded 1930 by R. W. Robson Publisher Stuart Inder Editor Bob Hawkins Editorial Adviser John Carter Manager John Berry Advertising Manager Steve Gray A Pacific Publications production 76 Clarence Street, Sydney 2000 GPO Box 3408 Sydney 2001 Cables; PACPUB Sydney Telex: 21242 Telephone: Sydney 29 6693

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 197®

LETTERS

A. Samoa: The

POSSIBILITIES The December issue of PIM came on sale here this morning.

May I begin by stating how much I appreciate PIM, having been a faithful reader since coming to Samoa in 1940. Your caption on page 70, states ‘Western Samoa’s Salanoa ...’ although you correctly identify Salanoa as the president of the Senate here in American Samoa in your text.

The Political Study Commission, of which Salanoa is chairman, has already advertised public hearings this month (December) on the very subject of possible changes in the status of American Samoa.

Possibilities suggested, among others, were: the status quo, association with the State of Hawaii, status similar to that of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, status similar to that of the Marianas, independence, association with Western Samoa ... Obviously the local authorities believe in free public discussion of the issues.

Should somebody make a speech at the United Nations calling for the liberation of the American Samoans from ‘American colonialism’, or ‘imperialism’ if you prefer that label, I have no doubt that there would be many supporters for such a motion.

However if you were to consult the people concerned, the US lationals resident here, my )wn feeling is that apart from he question of possible change n status, the vote would be :lose to 100 per cent in favour )f retaining the tie with the US. would go further and suggest hat if you also consulted the nore or less permanent resiients of Western Samoan or ongan origin, the vote would •e equally enthusiastic in avour of the US relationhip.

The people of American amoa have liberty and freeonl within the US system and do not want ignorant outsiders to impose their own ideas on them. They have only to look to the difficulties that their Western Samoan relatives now have in respect to entry to New Zealand to convince themselves of the folly of giving up an association which gives them right of entry to the USA. (Would Australia give them equal opportunities?) Furthermore the economic factor is a consideration. For example: last night the local radio and television stations, WVUV and KVZK-TV, held a fund-raising telethon to raise money to organise a sports meeting next March and to send local representatives, to be chosen from the results at that meeting, to the US later in 1979 to a mini-olympic games for handicapped children. The cash received plus pledges in one aftemoon-evening session amounted to approximately $5O 000. I doubt if Western Samoa, with five times the population, could get anywhere near that amount. May I repeat, as an outsider, I am convinced that the people of American Samoa now enjoy more freedom moral, political and economic than they could get in any other way.

And they are shrewd enough to appreciate it.

S.J. BOURKE Pago Pago American Samoa

Us Memorial At

SIX MILE The recent comment by one of your readers on the absence of a memorial to the United States servicemen in Papua New Guinea is not quite correct (PIM November).

Not far from Port Moresby city in the Six Mile area there used to be a stone cairn with a plaque attached in memory of the United States Fifth Airforce erected by the Twentyseventh Depot Repair Squadron.

Unhappily, this memorial was smashed by vandals in the 1960 s and the plaque stolen.

The cairn was inscribed with the words: ‘ln memory of our comrades who gave their lives in the service of our country there is erected at Port Moresby, New Guinea, a monument in stone. To all who pass it gives testimony of their devotion.’

The concrete base of the cairn was all that remained of this memorial in 1967.

V. T. SANDERS Hohola Papua New Guinea MANUREVA MIX-UP In your article on the Club Mediterranee (PIM November) I would point out that the Manureva was not a Polynesian catamaran but a trimaran of Western (European) conception, built of aluminium and raced by Eric Tabarly in the OSTAR (Observer Trans- Atlantic Race) 1972 under the name of Pen Duick IV.

He came second.

And a note of reassurance: The Club Mediterranee's uranium keel is well past its radioactive days - unless Club Med starts taking people on sightseeing tours to Mururoa.

Yacht Aventura South Pacific

Jimmy Cornell

Let’S Look

Further Back

The newly formed Pacific Heritage Society, described in your November 1978 issue, is to be encouraged in its efforts to preserve the architectural heritage of the South Seas.

Unfortunately, the text of your article and particularly the illustrations chosen perhaps leave the impression that the only architectural treasures worth saving are those buildings built by Europeans.

Someone must speak up, and speak up soon, for the preservation of the traditional, pre- European architecture of the Pacific. A visitor might search far and wide in USadministered Micronesia and not see a single specimen of traditional architecture, and in New Guinea’s Sepik region the haus tambaran is fast becoming an ‘endangered species’.

I would like to point out, however, that at least one Pacific people the Gogodala of Papua New Guinea appear to be swimming against the tide of architectural destruction. In August 1974, at Balimo, Prime Minister Somare helped to dedicate the ‘Gogodala Cultural Centre’, housed in th< first traditional longhouse bull in the area since the earb 19505.

Originally each Gogodah village occupied such < longhouse, some up to 180 m ir length, but by the 1970 s all bu one had been pulled down, victims of the twin onslaught ol missionaries and ‘progress’

The thought occurs to me thai perhaps the Balimo longhouse could serve as a model for similar architectural reconstruction projects elsewhere in the Pacific.

James A. Baldwin

Instructor in Geography State University Bowling Green Ohio, US

Looking Fora

SWAP I am very interested in collecting stamps (mint and used) from the Australian dependencies and Papua New Guinea.

In the past, I have been able to work to earn the money to spend on this fascinating hobby without depriving my family (I have three sons) but, because of arthritis, I have had to give up my job.

I also enjoy letter-writing and am very keen to learn more about the countries whose stamps I have been collecting.

I would be very happy to correspond with any of your readers interested in Australia and who would also like to swap their countries’ stamps.

I have lived in both country and city and, together with my husband and children, have travelled extensively throughout the southern half of Australia, so feel fairly well qualified to supply some informative details.

(Mrs) Marlene Windsor

6 Anderson Way, Thornlie 6108.

Western Australia.

SOLOMONS SEARCH I am anxious to contact relatives and friends of these people who lived in Solomon Islands pre-World War II: J. S.

Speirs who died in Malaita in 1937, and Dr Lucy Holt- McCrimmon who lived at Su-u, Malaita, in the 1920 s and 19305.

J. A. BENNETT Research School of Pacific Studies Canberra, ACT Australia ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY, 1979

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Home or studio. This complex, yet amazingly compact computer includes a one-chip design containing four-bit carallel-processing circuitry which takes electronic impulses representing waveforms of the incoming music and nstantly feeds the information to a fluorescent display. Divided into left and right channels, the full range from 3 ioneer products are available through: Australia: Pioneer Marketing Service Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 317, Mordialloc, Victoria, 3195 fel. 90-9011 =iji Islands: Brijlat & Company, G.P.O. Box No. 362, Suva. Fiji Islands Tel: 22258 Slew Zealand: Fountain Marketing Ltd., Maidstone Street, Auckland, New Zealand rel: 763-064 Slorfolk Island: Burns Philp (Norfolk Island) Ltd., Norfolk Island, South Pacific Mew Hebrides; Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Ltd., Vila, New Hebrides Nauru Island: Jacob Enterprises, P.O. Box No. 4 Republic of Nauru Tahiti: Ets. PERFECT. B.P. 594, Papeete, Tahiti Tel: 20 407 New Caledonia: Menard Freres Ville, B.P. H 2 Cedex, Noumea, New Caledonia Tel: 27.52.22 S American Samoa; Traspac Corporation, P.O. Box 1477, Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 € Tel: 633-5224 Rarotonga: South Seas International Ltd., P.O. Box 49, Rarotonga Cook Islands Tel: 2327 Papua New Guinea: Bali Merchants Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 6103 Boroko Tel: 254887

Pacific Report

Dissecting Sir Albert Henry’S Reign

Cook Islands Politics: The Inside Story, from a small new publisher, Polynesian Press of Auckland, released in January is required reading for Cook Islands politicians many of whom won't like what it says. The book published in association with the South Pacific Social Sciences Association of Suva, from a study co-ordinated by Professor Ron Crocombe of the Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific comprises chapters from 20 Cook Islanders involved in some way with Cook Islands politics during the reign of Sir Albert Henry, but particularly with his sudden demise. Most pull no punches as they outline their experiences of Sir Albert’s personal style of administration, which mainly seems to have involved putting his family and friends in plum jobs. Writes Dr Joe Williams who resigned from Sir Albert’s cabinet in 1978: ‘I could no longer support Sir Albert Henry as premier of this country and allow him to continue destroying the heritage of my country, my forefathers and my children.’ PIM will be printing extracts next month.

Danielsson Loses Diplomatic Status

Bengt Danielsson has had his exequatur official consular recognition as honorary consul for Sweden withdrawn by the French authorities in French Polynesia. Danielsson and his wife Marie-Therese, PlM’s accredited correspondents in French Polynesia, have been unpopular with the French for years because of their journalistic activities. The French found their book Mururoa, mon amour, dealing with nuclear testing on Mururoa atoll, particularly irritating. The Danielssons report that the French move will not stop them writing but indicate that it is possible 'that they will one day expel us’. At the end of last year the Danielssons wrote an open letter to French President Giscard d Estaing defending their right to express opinion freely even here in a colony’.

Australia And Png Sign Border Pact

Neither side saw any serious problems in achieving ratification from their respective parliaments for the Torres Strait border treaty signed in Sydney on December 18. The signing marked the end of six years of negotiations, triggered from the Papua New Guinea side and started by Australia’s then prime minister, Gough Whitlam. Australian Foreign Affairs sources admitted that PNG had shown a sympathetic understanding toward Australia’s complicated constitutional position on federa;-state relations on the issue (page 13).

South Pacific Games Souvenir Programme

A souvenir programme for the sixth South Pacific Games in Fiji in August-September this year, providing a wealth of information, historical and current, and selling at SFI plus postage, has been produced by the games organising committee. The programme has a four-colour cover and appears to have r eceived encouraging business support. Copies can be obtained Dy writing to PO Box 8, Suva, Fiji. (SP Games preview, page .9.)

(Vest Germany To Help Western Samoa

Western Samoa and West Germany have signed an agreement or technical co-operation which provides for the establishment )f research and training centres, preparation of studies and reports, the secondment of specialists, training of personnel and he supply of materials and equipment to Western Samoa. >pecific projects include a rhinoceros beetle eradication projramme a marine training centre and an agricultural complex it Salelologa in the island of Savaii.

*H Teachers Disillusioned

eachers in English-speaking schools in the New Hebrides mgio-French condominium are reported to be ‘disillusioned and inxious at events since their one month strike for pay and conrtions last August. The strike followed a year of inconclusive tegotiations in which teachers sought a 25-30% pay increase improved housing and an acceptable compensation scheme which they said would bring them into line with conditions available to public servants generally. The strike ended with a 12% salary increase and some assistance with housing costs.

Christmas Windfall For Micronesians

The US Government handed out SUSI 2.6 million in war claims to Micronesians in December. This Christmas windfall, writes Paul Addison in Agana, came after controversial discussions stretching back a decade. The payments were for use of Micronesians’ land by the US military after the Pacific War.

Micronesians are still claiming millions of dollars for deaths, use of land and destruction of property during and before’ the war.

BANABANS LOOK TO AUSTRALIA AND N.Z.

The Banabans, continuing their fight for independence from the Gilberts, are likely to put pressure on the Australian and New Zealand governments. The Banabans argue, according to their legal adviser, K. C. Ramrakha, MP, of Fiji, that, as Australia and New Zealand have benefited for years from cheap phosphate they got from their homeland, Ocean island, they now have a moral responsibility to stand by the Banabans, who were told in London at the constitutional conference between the UK Government and the Gilbertese that Ocean Island (Banaba) would remain part of the Gilberts. Warned Mr Ramrakha: ‘By insisting that Banaba be part of their country, the Gilbertese will be undermining their future stability’ (See page 21).

Major Cabinet Reshuffle In Nauru

Two new ‘old’ faces are in the Nauru cabinet following President Hammer Deßoburt’s big reshuffle in December. Lagumot Harris, who was in former president Bernard Dowiyogo’s cabinet and, for a few days last year, actually became president of the republic before Head Chief Deßoburt took over again, comes in as minister for works and community services, taking over from Totouwa Depaune, The other returnee is Kenas Aroi, prominent in Dowiyogo’s ‘young turks’ era, who has been given the justice portfolio. Robidok Buraro Detudamo has relinquished justice for finance, taking over from James Bop. The president made no changes in his own portfolios and Joseph Detsimea has kept his job as health and education minister.

Polynesian Airlines To Get Nomad

A 12-seater Australian Nomad aircraft is to be used by Polynesian Airlines on its route between the Western and American Samoan capitals early this year. The Britten Norman Islander, which has been making occasional Apia-Pago Pago flights will then go back onto the internal service between Upolu and Savaii islands in Western Samoa.

Torres Separatists Petition Pm

Separatist leaders in Australia’s north Queensland Torres Strait region were planning in December to petition Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser for a federal royal commission to inquire into claims that voting in elections in the islands had been rigged. They are also seeking a United Nations investigation of the claims.

New Home For Fiji Visitors Bureau

Fiji Visitors Bureau is now in its new Suva city centre premises after spending two years in temporary offices. Minister for Tourism Tomasi Vakatora, calling for business support for the FVB warned: ‘Do not sit back and reap profits hoping that government will continue to foot the bill.’ FVB chairman Mahendra Patel at the same time announced that board meetings would once again be open to the press, having been closed to the press for a three-month period. The FVB’s marketing and promotion budget for the coming year is $F325 000.

Png Passes Copyright Law

Papua New Guinea now has a copyright act to protect the work of Papua New Guinean artists, composers and writers, and to 7 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY. 1979

prevent PNG from becoming ‘a centre for the production of pirated material,’ said Deputy Prime Minister Ebia Olewale. It also means that PNG will have to pay for foreign copyright works.

The act apparently does not cover material appearing in the printed news media.

Cooks Newspaper In Contempt

A Morningstar, Cook Islands, cartoon had suggested that Mr Justice Donne, who overturned last year’s general election result in the Cooks, had not acted impartially, said Mr Justice Beattie after hearing charges of contempt brought by the Cook Islands Advocate-General against Morningstar editor Tupui Ariki Henry and the publishers, Cook Islands Publications Ltd. The cartoon depicted two boxers in a ring with a referee, a caricature of Mr Justice Donne, holding either a gavel or a mallet. Mr Justice Beattie in his written judgement, said the ‘sting’ in the cartoon ‘comes when one examines the picture and finds that there are lines in the drawing connecting the mallet or gavel with a strong swinging motion, and directly above the head of the recumbent CIP (Cook Islands Party) boxer appears a star with the word “Wham”.’ The inference, he said, was that the judge was not impartial and had descended into the fighting arena.

In a second charge, Mr Justice Beattie said an article reprinted in Morningstar from People's Voice, a New Zealand communist paper, was ‘a one-sided scurrilous attack’ and its effect was ‘to lower the integrity and reflect on the impartiality of the court . . .’ Mr Henry was fined SNZ 150 and Cook Islands Publications $250.

Internal Self-Rule For Kosrae And Yap

Headed by its first governor, Jacob Nena, Kosrae (ex-Kusaie) in the eastern Caroline Islands began the new year as a full, internal self-governing district of the United States Trust Territory. Seven days later, in northern Palau, Yap Island’s new government with Senator John Mangefel as governor was inaugurated.

Floating Oil Stores In Pacific

The Japanese Government is stockpiling crude oil on 200 000-tonne tankers drifting to the east of the Bonin Islands and Iwojima Island, southeast of Japan. Ryozo Doi from Tokyo reports that at the end of 1978, 20 tankers were in the area, each with a crew of 28. They return to port every three months to replenish fuel and supplies. The stockpiling is planned to continue for two years until permanent land storage facilities are constructed. Although the tankers’ engines are kept ready for use at all times experts are worried about what may happen if a typhoon hits the area. The Japanese Government’s intention is to help the recession-hit Japanese shipping industry and to reduce Japanese dollar holdings by buying more crude oil.

Tonga’S Bank Gets New Backer

The privy council in Tonga has agreed to re-charter the Bank of the South Pacific with John Lister, as governor, and with a subscribed capital of $T 10 million. The bank is expected to have a five-man board with directors from the United States, Switzerland, Canada and Japan. Mr Lister is described in the Tonga Chronicle as an Englishman with a bank in Australia.

Australian Surveillance Initiatives

Ten Australian designed and built Nomad aircraft are to be used on coastal surveillance activities. Announcing initiatives in coastal surveillance, Minister for Transport Peter Nixon also revealed that contracts had been won by two aviation companies for aerial patrol work. Trans West Air Charter of Western Australia will patrol the coastline from Geraldton to the Kimberleys (about 3200 km) and Executive Airlines of Essendon, Victoria, will partrol the 3200 km from Thursday Island to Gove. Tenders for the stretch from Gove to the Kimberleys are being called.

Mr Nixon said the performance of the Nomads would be closely monitored and their effectiveness will be assessed as part of ‘the major review of coastal surveillance. . . before mid-1980’.

Png Call For Pacific Decolonisation

Although supporting Papua New Guinea Deputy Prime Minister Ebia Olewale’s call for Pacific colonists to accelerate the decolonisation process, Opposition Leader lambakey Okuk said it was hypocritical ‘for the prime minister and his deputy to talk about breaches of human rights in Africa and in the Pacific as a whole while they neglect cleaning their own backyard’ Mv Okuk, referring to the jailing of West Papua leader Jacob Prs and Otto Ondawame, said that ‘if the government is to be hones: and true to its principles . . . then the West Papua people ought to be treated with dignity, not only because PNG has a regard for the basic human rights but also because they am an oppressed and colonised Pacific people’.

Nz Concern Over Shipping Services

Inadequate shipping to Cook Islands and French Polynesia ha:£ led to the New Zealand Export Institute setting up an action corrrr mittee charged with finding ways of improving the services Exporters are claiming there is less capacity on the NZ-Tahili run than there was a year ago and that goods can be shipper from Australia to Tahiti (a greater distance) at 10 cents a kiUI less (sometimes 16 cents) than from New Zealand.

Beefing Up Pago’S Tv Image

Three new transmitters, increasing the strength of visual trans mission from 40kW to 72, are to be installed in American Samo.c this year on Mount Alava, broadening station KVZK-TV’s coven; age. Aural transmission will also be improved. KVZK’s signs is also received in Western Samoa.

Help For Refugees In Png

The Committee for the Assistance of Refugees in Papua New Guinea (CARP), set up in Sydney in December, is ‘compilinor a record of past and current events that have affected the well being of the West Papuan people since the UN ceded the terrir tory to Indonesia'. CARP has links with Community Aioi Abroad.

Si Pm Sits Tight After Budget Defeat

Solomon Islands Prime Minister Peter Kenilorea, commentinor on the defeat of his government’s ‘rural growth budget’ in December, said he would resign only if there were a vote oo no-confidence. While a new budget is being prepared the parlias ment has approved the use of money from consolidated fundi for a period of four months. No developmental projects can b*c funded from this source. The budget was defeated 19-18 wittt one member of parliament absent. It seemed all agreed thas more money had to be put into rural areas but agreement wa:£ not forthcoming on how this should be done.

Cma Sees Upturn In Fiji Economy

The Central Monetary Authority in Fiji reports that ‘economioi conditions during the third quarter (of 1978) indicate a moderate] recovery in business activity ... the brightest spots being thei pick-up in tourist arrivals, the increased activity in the buiidinoi and construction trade and the recovery in world sugar prices’

It says that, with a good sugar cane crop in 1979 and the possi-i. bility of an increased quota under the international sugar agrees ment, ‘the economy seems poised for an upturn in 1979’.

Making The Crown Of Thorns Pay

American Samoa has paid out USS3O 000 in bounty money to: people who have collected and killed the alamea or crown otc thorns starfish which is blamed for damaging reefs arounoi Tutuila Island. Since the programme began in January last year£ 486 000 alamea have been collected. Bounty money has nowv run out and the government is seeking new means of coping: with the problem.

Process Your Own, Islands Told

The best industrial prospects for a number of Island groups liei in processing their own agricultural and forestry products,a reported an Australian trade and development survey mission which visited Fiji, Tonga, Western Samoa, Nauru and Solomon Islands late last year.

Solomons Rejects Death Penalty

By 19 votes to 11 the Solomon Islands Parliament rejected s private member’s bill to restore the death penalty. Early last yeaiE a motion supporting the death penalty was passed 17-16. Primer Minister Peter Kenilorea argued that punishment for crimes was£ meant to teach as well as being a corrective measure.

The Region

Pacific Nations

Speak To Un

With One Voice

There may be regional differences in the South Pacific which emerge at the annual Forum and Conference gettogethers but at the United Nations, Island representatives sound very much alike.

For the first time a total of four Pacific Island countries took the rostrum at last year’s thirtythird session of the General Assembly of the United Nations in New York, writes a UN correspondent. They were Western Samoa, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands.

Tonga has associations with specialised agencies of the UN but is not a member of the General Assembly.

The speeches of the Islands representatives offer a vivid reflection of their common concerns.

For example, questions of economic development loomed large in every speech.

Western Samoa’s Minister of Finance Vaovasamanaia Filipo, expressing his ‘despair’ at the widening gap between the developed and developing countries, criticised developed countries for their failure to approach the aid target of 0.7% of gross national product which was agreed by the UN in 1970.

In real terms, he said, aid today was less than it was in the early 19605.

For Fiji’s Berenado Vunibobo, the growing trend towards protectionism in the international economic community was a matter for ‘regret and some concern’. He said: ‘We do not merely view this trend as unhealthy. It also makes us wonder as to the sincerity of those who have been loud in their assurances and commitment to a more equiable distribution of the world’s vealth.’

Papua New Guinea’s Miniser for Foreign Affairs and Hade Ebia Olewale hamnered the same theme, saying: If meaningful progress is to be ichieved, developed industrial lations must address themelves to the question of im- )roved access to their markets places of security for them and their families. ‘Now that our region has been exposed to nuclear pollution we can only hope that cessation of testing and time will restore our environment to something like its original purity.’

The Fiji and PNG spokesmen also expressed the unequivocal opposition of their for the goods of developing countries. It is a recognised fact that developing countries are an important market for the exports of industrialised countries. If these markets are to remain open, greater efforts must be made to enable Third World countries to increase their export earnings.’

Speaking for UN ‘new boy’

Solomon Islands, Prime Minister Peter Kenilorea was more restrained in his comments but still urged the international community to ‘give greater recognition to the special problems of the small territories and grant them special measures to give added impetus to social and economic development’.

They were also vocal on issues of disarmament, taking up particularly the question of the continued testing of nuclear weapons.

For Western Samoa Vaovasamanaia Filipo said: ‘lt is a fact that the world has spent SUSI. 4 trillion on arms over the last five years and it is also a fact that there are more than 650 million people without enough to eat let alone countries to continued nuclear testing in the South Pacific, Mr Olewale saying: ‘There is one fact we know for sure. Man and his environment will never be the same. We have been told that radiation effects are insignificant. This we find hard to believe. We in the South Pacific have repeatedly expressed our opposition to nuclear tests in the region. However, our protests fall on deaf ears, and testing still continues.’

Islands delegates all in various ways expressed their countries’ hopes for benefits from the wealth of the oceans surrounding them, while making no secret of the difficulties experienced in current negotiations of the South Pacific Forum to establish a South Pacific fisheries organisation.

Perhaps their strongest language was reserved for the problem of decolonisation, with France, and to a lesser extent the United States, though not being named, serving as main targets.

Vaovasamanaia Filipo voiced his country’s ‘deep concern’ that some Pacific countries which want to gain independence have yet to do so.

He said: ‘ln some cases their wish and their right to aspire to independence have not even been acknowledged by the colonial powers concerned. ‘We would wish to see an end to this situation as soon as possible. The Pacific peoples who have achieved independence have for the most part followed peaceful paths to that goal. This has been due to a combination of patience and forbearance on the part of the people concerned and some measure of goodwill on the part of the colonial powers involved. We would not wish to see any of our neighbours remain in a situation which may strain their patience beyond endurance.’

Mr Vunibobo expressed ‘discouragement’ that ‘a number of territories remain under colonial rulership’ and called upon the UN to ensure that ‘all that are under any form of foreign domination should be given the opportunity to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination’. He pledged that Fiji, through its membership of relevant international organs, including the Committee of 24, will continue to work for those goals.

Mr Olewale was more outspoken, saying: ‘Some colonial powers, in particular one metropolitan state represented here today, has seen fit not to give people under its colonial rule the chance to express their views in line with various UN resolutions on decolonisation. ‘My delegation hopes that this particular metropolitan power will change its attitude towards decolonisation in the South Pacific, and will ensure that the people in those territories under its administration will be given the opportunity to exercise their right to selfdetermination and independence, rather than exploiting them by saying that those territories are an integral part of the metropolitan state. My delegation cannot accept this argument because they are definitely not.’

Whatever differences they have in their relations with each other, Pacific Island nations represented in the UN Foreign Minister Ebia Olewale at the UN with PNG’s Ambassador to the US Paulias Matane (centre) and Member for Rigo in the National Parliament, Galeva Kwarara (right) 9 ‘ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

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certainly spoke with a regional “ voice, confirming a point made in his speech by Mr Olewale when he said: ‘The South Pacific region is often thought to consist of many small island nations without a regional identity.

This is no longer true. The region now has an identity with the coming into being of the South Pacific Forum seven years ago. ‘This is an organisation which strives to solve problems that confront our people in the South Pacific region and to consider differing ways in which economic growth can be achieved in the region. t ‘Proper utilisation of our natural resources, in particular fish, is one such way that this goal can be reached. The South Pacific contains what may be the world’s only under-utilised tuna resource and this, for several South Pacific nations, represents the only natural resource available to them and, as such, is vital to their future economic growth. ‘lt is for this reason that the South Pacific Forum is seeking to establish the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Organisation (SPRFO) which will ensure that it is the people of the South Pacific who obtain the maximum benefits from the vast stocks of tuna that live in our waters, and not the major distant water fishing nations.’

New Zealand’S

Defence Comes

Closer To Home

It looks as if New Zealand’s defence capacity, like A ustralia’s, is shrinking in relation to its economic health. William Gasson in Wellington looks at New Zealand’s recently-released, long-awaited defence policy review.

New Zealand’s long-awaited defence policy places the country now firmly within the South Pacific region. In a 57 page review released late last year the government sets out a defence strategy for the 1980 s that takes the military presence out of Singapore and turns its role primarily towards the emergencies it believes could arise in the South Pacific. ‘New Zealand can best contribute to the strength of the Western world by helping to preserve peace and security in our own part of the world, particularly the South Pacific,’ the review says.

While it did not foresee any major direct military threat to New Zealand in the next decade provided there was no change in the global balance of power the review accepted that challenge to New Zealand, in its broadest sense, could arise from a shift in the balance of forces in the Pacific Basin. ‘With such powerful interests involved, the indefinite preservation of stability cannot be assumed. Nor can it be taken for granted that competition by major powers for influence and advantage in the South Pacific could not increase tensions and directly threaten New Zealand interests. ‘Pacific countries can be expected to recognise the potential danger of international pressures; the remarkable capacity for consultation and co-operation already demonstrated by the members of the South Pacific Forum should ensure that risks are minimised. Emergencies cannot, however, be ruled out.’

While noting that the Soviet Union ' and China had established diplomatic contacts with South Pacific Island governments it adds that neither ‘has yet attempted to assert a military presence. The South Pacific is no longer insulated against outside pressures’.

The review says that since tranquillity in the South Pacific is of great importance to New Zealand, considerable efforts are being made to strengthen relations with the island states. ‘These efforts are the more effective because the island states know that New Zealand has the means of helping them in time of need,’ it says. This theme of helping the South Pacific states runs throughout the review as it links its defence with its ANZUS partners and, through them, the Western allies. ‘At the same time we must have the means of knowing and controlling our own region, and preventing unwanted intrusions from outside. We must also have the means of helping the Island states of the South Pacific if and when they should call for our help.’

Now that the United States, like Britain, had withdrawn its forces from Southeast Asia, the focus had shifted to the Pacific area proper and New Zealand was better able to concentrate on its defence role in the South Pacific.

New Zealand plans to bring its defence force, consisting mainly of the first battalion of some 500 men of the infantry regiment, out of Singapore in three to four years or just as soon as the government can find somewhere to house them. ‘lt is an essentially close-tohome policy compared with the forward defence concept in the past,’ says Chief of Defence Staff Air Marshal R. B. Bolt, outlining the main points of the review.

The second main point is New Zealand’s growing defence relationship with Australia. In a strategic sense the two countries are one, says the review. ‘lt is difficult to conceive of any situation in which an attack or threat of attack on Australia would not call for a response from New Zealand.’

It rejects as ‘quite unreasonable’ any idea of a ‘go-it-alone’ defence policy and stresses: ‘The theme of collective security as reflected in ANZUS will continue to be fundamental to New Zealand defence policy.’

The review also stresses the joint development of rationalisation of equipment, research and defence production between Australia and New Zealand and makes the point that in future local industries could produce a greater share of defence requirements.

In place of Singapore’s attraction as an overseas base Peter Kenilorea...more restrained NZ airmen at work in jungles of Fiji ... a substitute training ground for Southeast Asia PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1979

The Region

the New Zealand military chiefs will lean even more heavily than in the past on a comprehensive programme of training exercises that will have groups of forces in Australia, the South Pacific, ASEAN countries, Hawaii and elsewhere if this can be arranged.

Within this area comes the continued development assistance the armed forces have given to the Islands in the form of aid programmes, search and rescue, disaster relief or technical assistance. ‘The government wishes to see these activities continued by the New Zealand defence forces,' the review says. ‘New Zealand’s regional defence links bring reciprocal returns in terms of training and exercise opportunities and are in effect an integral part of a wide pattern of co-operation.’

In shaping New Zealand’s forces in the 1980 s, the review believes the essence of the defence policy will continue to be the maintenance of a professional nucleus of forces which can be added to as required. It is a ‘core-force’ concept that is flexible and can be adjusted to meet the needs of the day.

But while the review makes it clear that New Zealand cannot afford the luxury of the most modern military hardware, it does make provision for its forces to be trained in using the latest equipment either with training equipment to be bought in future or with training programmes abroad.

There is no anticipated change in the defence strengths - a ceiling at present of 12,913 personnel. However, the territorial (volunteer) force is to dwindle from a ceiling of 11,000 to 7,000 during the decade.

Nor is there any great shopping list for new military equipment for the three armed services. The emphasis is to make greater use of, and to adapt existing equipment. ‘What we have is a formula of survival for the forces’, says Air-Marshal Bolt. Tt is not dramatic and it would be irresponsible to have a lot of new equipment decisions that we could not justify.’

Essentially the review throughout pays realistic attention to New Zealand’s economic ability to pay for its defence while acknowledging it has international responsibilities to maintain certain standards. The architects of the policy have had to juggle at once three ‘objects’ and keep them all airborne: an acknowledgement of the country’s financial limitations and resources; the need to keep the country’s military might ‘reasonably modern’; and the need to sustain the credibility of the forces’ professionalism and ability in the eyes of its allies - particularly its ANZUS partners (Australia and the United States) and its South Pacific ‘dependants’.

The basic aim of the review seems to be to set the general direction of the forces’ format in the 1980 s and keep open for as long as possible the various options for military hardware.

What the review does indicate is that New Zealand is on the lookout for a ‘realistic combat ship’ to replace one of the present four frigates. The main decision for the navy was that New Zealand intended to maintain a ‘blue water’ navy and not a coastguard force.

Sp Games Fever

Starts As Fiji

Lays Its Plans

Between 2500 and 2700 Pacific Islanders representing possibly 18 countries will converge on Fiji for the sixth Souths Pacific Games from August 28 to September 8 more tham the total number of competitors at the Commonwealth Gamesi in Edmonton, Canada, last year. Robert Keith-Reid report si from Suva.

The sixth games undoubtedly will be the South Pacific’s biggest and almost certainly, with the benefit of hindsight, the best organised. The bill is likely to be about SF2SO 000 and it’s up to Fiji to find the money.

Games fever is only now beginning to grip Fiji’s athletes but officials (led by Commander Stan Brown, of Fiji’s naval squadron), working behind the scenes to get this major project off the ground, have been hard at it for more than a year.

Buckhurst Park on Laucala Bay, scene of the first South Pacific Games in 1963, is the centre of activity. Public Works and private contractors are* working flat out to complete a $3.5 million national sportsl complex.

Work at the turn of the yean was on schedule. If all according to plan the stadiunrr will be finished in May. Partial because it had for years beem under pressure to do something] of the kind, partly because iti wanted to ease unemployment!: in the building industry, ancbi perhaps not unmindful of ther prestige, the Fiji Government!! is intent on making Buckhurste Park a project of which ther nation can be proud.

When finished, the stadiumn will accommodate 20 000 spec-o NZ medical unit helping out in Tonga ... big effort to strengthen Island ties Shape of things to come . . . artist’s impression of Buckhurst Parh[?] 12

The Region

Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

tators with more than 4000 _ undercover. It will have an allweather track surrounding a rugby union and soccer pitch and areas for athletics field events. It will be floodlit and have a gymnasium with seating for 2000.

The ‘Games Village’, conveniently, will be on the University of the South Pacific campus which adjoins Buckhurst Park.

Apart from some soccer and rugby matches which will be played at Lautoka 250 km by road from Suva on Viti Levu’s west coast and about a 90 minute trip by air and bus all ■ events will be held inside the Suva city limits.

A fund-raising committee has set itself a target of $lOO 000, pinning its hopes on f running a successful lottery | with a $53 000 first prize.

Another source of revenue will be from an arrangement with a company which has been given exclusive rights to use the I games emblem.

The committee is also trying : to persuade the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team to visit Fiji to ‘christen’ the gym- [ nasium with exhibition ; matches.

The 18 games sports will be athletics, basketball, lawn teni nis, soccer, swimming, bowls, boxing, cricket, golf, hockey, judo, netball, weightlifting, | yachting, rugby union, squash, table tennis and volleyball.

At the end of December, 17 entries had been received with Tokelau saying that it would make a decision at its January meeting of chiefs. ‘lf Tokelau are in it, it will be the first games in which all 18 eligible countries will compete together,’ said the secretary of the games committee Brian Wightman.

Papua New Guinea will be fielding the largest visiting squad - 320 - with Tahiti sending 263. New Caledonia has chartered four aircraft for spectators alone. Other entrants are: American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Gilberts, Guam, Nauru, New Hebrides, Niue, Solomon Islands, Tonga, SP Trust Territory, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna and Western Samoa.

Torres Strait

NOW TO MAKE TORRES WORK That the road to a treaty on the Torres Strait had been a tough one, with bitter milestones along the way, was somehow confirmed by the manner in which each speaker at the December Sydney signing almost fell over himself to congratulate everyone else concerned on the brilliance of their achievements.

Each of the four speakers Papua New Guinea’s Prime Minister Michael Somare and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs Ebia Olewale, and Australia’s Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser and Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock was lavish in his praise for the work done by others.

Among those mentioned was Sir Maori Kiki who, as Minister for Foreign Affairs until his election loss in 1977, had kept the negotiations going.

Few journalists who attended a press conference by Mr Peacock in 1977, when Sir Maori was still PNG’s senior negotiator, will forget the tension in the Port Moresby airport VIP lounge when first Mr Somare and then Sir Maori walked in, sitting, thunderbrowed, either side of Mr Peacock.

Obviously the talks at that stage had not been going well.

Equally obviously, the ‘middle line’ which Sir Maori is believed to have been pushing at the time was not acceptable to Canberra which knew it could never sell such a settlement to Queensland’s Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen.

Easily the most satisfied man at the Sydney signing was Mr Olewale who comes from Western Province which forms the northern limit of the Torres Strait. Mr Olewale was the man who, as a back bencher, started it all by claiming that he practically had to go to Australia to get home, and that Australia should be asked to agree on a more equitable boundary. For Mr Olewale, the December signing gave him the pleasure of finishing something he had started.

Though Mr Olewale can claim to have set the ball rolling, it was not until after self government was achieved in 1972 that things really got moving. Bill Conroy, who was at the signing, recalled that in 1972, as Secretary for Foreign Affairs and Trade in Port Moresby, he had told Sir Maori that the department’s first big task was to clear up the Torres border question.

As the years rolled by there was only modest progress but after independence in 1975 the pace quickened. Sir Maori and Mr Peacock shuttled back and forth. Sometimes they’d come out smiling. Other times glum.

It seemed that on occasions only the basic goodwill, which has persisted postindependence between Australia and Papua New Guinea at government level, prevented a collapse of talks.

At one stage, rumour was rife that PNG was going to take its case to the World Court.

There is no knowing what the outcome of a move of that nature might have been but PNG certainly would have had a compelling moral case. How could it be fair that another nation, with its mainland shore about 150 km away, should have its ‘international boundary’ not much short of its neighbour’s low water mark?

But the negotiations went on, Mr Olewale stepping in to Sir Maori’s shoes after the 1977 PNG election. The PNG line, it seems, if the terms of the treaty are any guide, softened somewhat. Australian Government officials will privately concede that PNG has been very reasonable if not generous in its attitude.

Perhaps Port Moresby couldn’t bear the thought of Canberra being monstered by Premier Bjelke-Petersen. Australia’s federal system frequently renders the national government helpless in the face of state government intransigence. And Queenslanders didn’t look as if they could be persuaded to give away something which they thought they owned.

Sweetness and light prevailed. A deal was struck.

And the Torres Strait map has ended up with four main lines drawn on it a red seabed jurisdiction line, a blue fisheries jurisdiction line, a red-blue line where seabed and fisheries jurisdiction coincides, and a green ‘protected zone’ line. And then there’s a line around each Australian outcrop marking the Australian territorial sea boundaries in what has now become Papua New Guinea ocean.

PNG has sovereignty over Kawa Island, Mata Kawa Island and Kussa Island, and Australia has sovereignty over all others, but the treaty establishes an ‘equitable’ division of rights over fisheries and seabed resources in the whole area of islands between Australia and PNG. Traditional inhabitants will be able to move about freely and carry out traditional activities.

Mining and oil drilling is banned for 10 years.

It’s all very unusual and everyone is keeping their fingers crossed that each government will achieve ratification of the signing of the treaty. And if that is achieved, that the treaty will actually work. Both sides seem confident that it will, and Mr Somare said privately at the signing that he was determined that it will. Bob Hawkins Prime Ministers Fraser and Somare ... end of a six-year shuttle.

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

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PEOPLE Oscar Temaru is a Tahitian who believes that the French 1 Government is suppressing facts on the incidence of radiation sickness in French Polynesia as a result of its nuclear testing there, writes Koichi Fuchiwaki who interviewed Mr Temaru during his recent visit to Japan.

Mr Temaru was in Japan at the invitation of the Japan Congress Against A- and H- Bombs. During his stay he visited Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

He told Koichi Fuchiwaki: T had no idea how bad the effects of the atom bombs were on the two cities. Tahitians generally don’t know either they have to come and see.’

Of the situation in his homeland he said: ‘ln September 1978 I received a letter from a man who works on Mururoa Atoll, scene of the French nuclear tests. He said there were 15 Tahitians hospitalised there, and maybe 20 Frenchmen. He claimed they were suffering from radiation sickness. We are not allowed to see these people, but we are trying.

T believe that maybe 10 people have died from rad»ation sickness as a result of the tests. But the French say nothing about it. Sometimes people are sent to Paris for treatment, but they are not told the nature of their illness. Naturally, where there is such secrecy, the rumour gets about that they are suffering from radiation. But nobody can absolutely prove it. ‘There is research going on in Tahiti into fish toxicity. But only French doctors are involved. Even if the fish have become poisonous as a result of radio-activity, they won’t tell us. They’ll tell us not to eat that kind of fish any more, and that’s all.’

Mr Temaru is the leader of the Front de Liberation de la Polynesia, formed in 1976. He believes French Polynesia will be independent in about five years.

While in Japan he met officials of the Japan Socialist Party who undertook to make an appeal to Francois Mitterand, leader of the French socialists, for action to stop the French nuclear testing and make Polynesia independent. ‘The French Government is playing God in French Polynesia,’ said Mr Temaru. ‘There is no telling when God will return power to the Polynesian people there. The sooner the better.’

The father of the modem Hindi radio programme in Fiji, Chandrika Prasad Shriwastav, 52, has walked out of the Fiji Broadcasting Commission’s studios in Suva for the last time and has gone to live in Hawaii.

Mr Shriwastav, or ‘Panditji’ as he was known to his thousands of fans, was one of the first broadcasters to join the FBC when it was set up in 1954.

He gave the Hindi programme not only the format it has today but he also put the clear stamp of his own personality on it.

Hindi speakers will sorely miss his colourful language which for years has flowed out of transistors all over Fiji.

Among his parting comments was one lamenting the ‘slow death’ of Hindi in Fiji. He said he thought Hindi should be made a compulsory language in all schools. The only way in which children learned Hindi now was by listening to Hindi radio programmes or seeing Hindi films, he said.

English composer-explorer David Fanshawe was guest of honour at a packed gathering at the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Suva late last year, writes Jimmy Cornell. The audience viewed a BBC TV Omnibus feature describing Mr Fanshawe’s travels through North and East Africa. The fruit of his 32 000 km African tour is the musical work African Sanctus, which combines his own energetic Latin mass sung by a western choir with recordings of Arab and African singing. The work has already been performed live in Canada, Ireland and England.

Premieres have been set for early 1979 in Sydney, Melbourne and Los Angeles. Mr Fanshawe has been touring the Pacific recording traditional folk music in Tonga, Fiji, the Gilberts, Solomon Islands, the Cooks and the Society Islands.

He intends to compose an oratorio incorporating some of these songs, and is preparing to make a film on his Pacific journey.

The Rev Albert Toburua, 36, has been appointed moderator-elect for the United Church in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. The present moderator, the Rev Leslie Boseto, will continue in office for two years before Mr Toburua takes over.

The Venerable C. W.

Whonsbon-Aston, OBE, 50 years in the priesthood, most of which was spent in service in the Islands Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Western Samoa was feted on December 21 (the Feast of Saint Thomas) by more than 100 old friends in Sydney.

Many had travelled miles for the occasion, some even from as far away as England. In his Island years, ‘Whons’ as he is affectionately known was vicar of Levuka, Fiji, priest at Mukawa, Papua New Guinea, vicar of Viti Levu, Fiji, chaplain in Western Samoa and archdeacon of Fiji and Polynesia. Before lunch, assisted by many clerical colleagues, ‘Whons’ celebrated a jubilee eucharist in Christ Church Saint Lawrence. The sermon was by the Right Reverend Jabez Brice, Bishop in Polynesia, who came from Suva, Fiji, for the occasion. ‘Whons’ now lives in retirement in Sydney.

Lasike, 47, a Tongan noble, and his wife, Lavinia Veiongo, have been ordained as ministers by the general council of the Assemblies of God at the church’s headquarters in Springfield, Missouri, US. The PIM owes apologies to the South Pacific Commission’s Secretary-General Dr Macu Salato, and to American Samoa’s Senate President Salanoa S.P. Aumoeualogo. Dr Salato, of course, hails from Fiji, not Tonga, and Salanoa could hardly be a resident of Western Samoa. Both errors appeared in December ‘People’.

Oscar Temaru . . . charges cover-up on radiation sickness In French Polynesia 15

Pacific Islands Monthly — February, 1979

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

first Tongans ordained to the _ fellowship, they have been assigned to work with the Tongan community in Santa Cruz, California. They left Tonga in 1974 with their four sons and two daughters with the aim of furthering the children’s education in California.

Kevin Conlan, 43, has taken up the newly created post of counsellor (development assistance) . at the Australian High Commission in Fiji. He will head a four-man team responsible for the administration of Australia’s aid programme to Fiji, Tonga, Western Samoa and Tuvalu. Mr Conlan has previous diplomatic experience in Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta.

Before his new appointment he was acting head of the Multilateral Financial Institutions Section of the Australian Development Assistance Bureau in Canberra.

Raman Nair, Fiji’s first high commissioner to Australia, is back in diplomatic service as his country’s first consulgeneral in Sydney. Mr Nair’s public service career, which stretched from beginnings as a school teacher in 1941 to 1976 when he left his diplomatic post in Canberra, retired at 53 to work in private enterprise.

But last year, with Fiji determined to build up its drive for improved trading links with Australia and to encourage Australian investment in Fiji, he was asked to open the consulate-general in Sydney.

Mr Nair, now 55, with electricians busily laying the lines of communication to the Australian businessworld in his third floor Papua New Guinea House, Clarence Street, office, said: ‘I have taken on a number of challenging jobs during my career but this is the most challenging. If I can make some improvement here in Fiji’s relationship with Australia it will be the most satisfying result of my whole career. It will be a real contribution to Fiji if I am successful.’ Mr Nair, looking around for an Australiabased marketing officer, obviously was warming to the challenge of whittling away Australia’s enormously favourable balance of trade.

Douglas Law, 42, will bring considerable experience of Asian affairs to the job of New Zealand High Commissioner to Western Samoa when he takes up the post in March. His appointment comes at a time when more Asian countries, including China, are taking a close interest in the South Pacific. Mr Law who succeeds Don Harper, joined the NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1957 and has served in Singapore, New Delhi, Canberra and Tokyo. When appointed to the Western Samoa post he was deputy head of mission at the NZ Embassy in Tokyo.

I spoke to Rose Kekedo at Banz in the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea, writes Beth Dean. This attractive young woman is at present assistant secretary for teacher education in the PNG Ministry of Education, a post which entails overall responsibility for the country’s nine teachers’ colleges.

Rose Kekedo has so far achieved more in her life than most people who have lived twice as long. The daughter of a teacher (her mother Mary has taught in Kokoda for more than 30 years). Rose began her education at her mother’s school. She later went on to an Anglican boarding school in Port Moresby, and, after standard 6, to Popondetta. At 13 she applied for a teacher training course. Seeking admission along with her was another girl named Josephine Abaijah.

They were considered too small physically to be able to discipline bigger students and were advised to sit for a scholarship.

They were both successful. For Rose it meant four years of study with the Good Samaratan Sisters at Charters Towers, Queensland. She recalls: T was a “big head’’ and they had to cane me often. When I write to them now I thank them for that wonderful discipline.’

Back home she did two years at teachers’ college and taught for three years in primary schools. In 1965 Les Johnson, then director of education, selected her to go to the North Sydney Demonstration School as a visiting teacher for three months. Back in Port Moresby she taught at Port Moresby Teachers’ College for a year.

Then began a series of overseas visits as a representative of her country: on behalf of PNG women she attended a meeting of the Young Women’s Christian Association world council in Sydney; together with Dr Gabriel Gris she represented PNG at the fourth committee of the United Nations in New York; then, after a period lecluring in Madang, she won a full scholarship to Greeley University, Colorado, USA, where she got the bachelor of education degree in two years instead of the usual four, spending her vacations still studying in Hawaii.

Back home once more, she became deputy principal of Port Moresby Teachers’

College in 1973 and, a year later, principal.

Rose was elected president of the PNG Teachers’ Association in 1974. ‘lt showed I had been accepted by the men as well as the women,’ she says with some pride. For the union she did more travelling: once again to the USA, and to New Zealand, Israel, and Switzerland.

But by mid-1976, with her present job in the offing, she resigned from the union. T couldn’t accept the appointment as assistant secretary for teacher training if I were to continue fighting for better pay for teachers,’ she says. Tn a way I’d be fighting myself.’

Rose Kekedo is a vigorous advocate of vocational training, believing strongly that tradesmen are vitally important to the growth and stability of PNG. She has no time for Raman Nair ... facing his biggest challenge Rose Kekedo a‘new woman’ of Papua New Guinea’s new generation 17

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

PEOPLE

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people who won’t dirty their hands. She says; ‘The young s people who go away to train .* thinking only of desk jobs and when they come back find ■ themselves posted to outlying f areas soon learn that the need is to build classrooms, do | agriculture and many things that require manual skills. I say to my students; “Do something with your hands. Learn to be practical. Don’t expect someone else always to be on hand.

Do it yourself.” I get people in my classes to build maybe a basketball court. Or I get them to raise a pig or chickens, make a garden. Teachers of English, science and maths are certainly needed. But they must be able to cope with the problems of village life too.’

Rose Kekedo is no desk administrator. She is one of the ; new generation who are moulding the future of PNG.

As she says: ‘Today differs from the past for me, a woman.

Even the men come to me for advice now. I’ve been asked to stand for parliament. I said no.

My life is bound up with education.’ ‘Akau’ola, 43, a Tongan noble, minister of police of the kingdom of Tonga, has wanted to be a policeman ever since he was a boy, writes lawyer Robert Moin in Nukualofa.

Born George Faletau, he was the first son of ‘Akau’ola, a member of Tonga’s parliament who held this hereditary title until his death in 1955. George then succeeded to the title. The family estate is in Vavau, reputedly the home of the finest and fiercest warriors in the South Pacific. The name Faletau means ‘house of war’.

After studies in New Zealand and Tonga,‘Akau’olajoined the New Zealand police force in Auckland. After two years training he returned to Tonga to join his own country’s police.

In the ensuing years, he has attended virtually every police training course available in the Commonwealth, including the highest of all, the United Kingdom commando course. He was appointed Tonga’s minister of police in 1968.

On the subject of law, the minister said he believed that although current law was basically a product of the British system, Tonga could still exist peaceably without it. The kingdom’s heritage was one of custom and culture which had been stable for centuries. ‘Although at first there would be some bloodshed if we returned to the old system of forcing peace through custom, it would eventually be accepted as the proper legal system,’ he said.

The combination of British law and custom had made the country and the parliament very conservative, he said. He cited the proposal for a pure foods act which was rejected by parliament basically on the grounds that Tongans were already healthy and had lived in the same way for centuries.

Tonga could therefore continue to rely on the existing health act which embodies the basic and customary provisions of centuries of usage. Tt would take several cases of food poisoning to change this attitude,’ he said.

Other matters on which the minister expressed his views included: Capital punishment: Although the idea is frowned on by other countries in the region, he believes capital punishment should be retained. Once abandoned, it would be almost impossible to reintroduce it, he said.

Although the incidence of murder is quite high in Tonga an average of five cases a year over the past 20 years only three people had been hanged since 1956. Several death sentences have been commuted by the Privy Council.

Terrorism: Such activity deserves nothing less than the death penalty. It will not be tolerated in Tonga.

Rape: Not a serious problem the extended family system seems to provide the antidote.

Drugs: The problem affects the better educated groups such as civil servants. Hard drugs are now being used by Tongans and expatriates alike.

The main supply line to the kingdom is by way of yachts.

Unfortunately for the innocent, all yachts coming to Tonga are viewed with suspicion by the authorities. Tongan police and customs officers are being trained in the latest detection methods and drug detectives have been appointed.

Alcohol: The present system of having to obtain a licence to purchase liquor could be a contributing factor to the drinking problem in Tonga. The licence system is under review. It tended to make people collect alcoholic drinks and then consume them in one heavy bout.

Adults should be treated as adults. The strongly conservative government would eventually repeal licence provision, he believed.

Land ownership: The Tongan leasehold land system was the prime example of maintaining custom and had proven to be one of the most stable in the developing world. Most Tongans accept the system.

The minister claimed that if it were abandoned, and if the nobility were to forego their hereditary estates, there would be benefits to no more than 400 people, or less than 0.5% of the population. He saw no possibility of change in this system or of revolt against it. , ‘Akau’ola is a bachelor, but there are rumours he could marry soon. In the meantime, he is far from lonely. His home is a fine example of the Tongan extended family system. At the time of this interview he had 15 cousins and other relatives living with him. (He has supported the education of two of them, who have become policewomen.) The number rises to more than 20 at Christmas.

Former school teacher Colin Gauwane, 48, MP for Central Malaita, Solomon Islands, is his country’s new minister of law and information. The newly created ministry will be responsible for law, information, public relations, registrar-general’s department and the Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation. Information, public relations and the SIBC had previously been under the prime minister’s department, and the other functions were exercised by the attorney-general.

Captain Jens Ehle believes it is only a matter of time and money before the mineral riches of the Pacific Ocean are being exploited. Captain Ehle is in charge of the West German research ship, Sonne, which has just finished a programme of geophysical research of Pacific seabeds.

Tonga’s minister of police, the Honourable ‘Akau’ola (left), pictured in England with John Kelland, former commissioner of police, Fiji Colin Gauwane ... a brand-new ministry PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHI Y _ pfrri IA D V 1070 PEOPLE

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POLITICAL CURRENTS

Hebrides’ Red

Letter Day

December 21, 1978, was a red letter day in the political history of the New Hebrides: on that day more than a year of effort was crowned with success when a government of national unity was finally announced.

The new government is headed by a Roman Catholic priest. Father Gerard Leymang, as chief minister, and Anglican Father Walter Lini, deputy chief minister and minister for social affairs.

Both Fr Lini’s Vanuaaku Party and the ‘moderate’ parties represented by Fr Leymang have five places in the new government.

Agreement between the two sides was not achieved without casualties: on December 15 the former chief minister, George Kalsakau, was removed from office by a no-confidence vote in the Representative Assembly. The motion referred to his ‘difficulties’ in negotiating with the Vanuaaku Party. Next day Mr Kalsakau was appointed speaker of the Representative Assembly.

The new government is: Chief Minister Gerard Leymang; Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for Social Affairs Walter Lini (VP); Finance Minister Guy Prevot; Minister of Internal Affairs Maxime Carlot; Minister for Education Donald Kalpokas (VP); Minister for Health John Naupa (VP); Minister for Public Services George Kalkoa (VP); Minister for Trade, Industry and Tourism Aime Malere; Minister for Transport and Communications Luke Dini; Minister for Natural Resources Thomas Reuben (VP).

Major concessions made by the two sides in the quest for unity were: acknowledgement by the VP of the legitimacy of the Representative Assembly and of the predominance of the role of the Chief Minister in the government; agreement by the moderate parties to hand over to VP ministers major and sensitive portfolios such as education and health.

Chief Minister Leymang said in an interview with the French/Bislama fortnightly Nabanga: ‘The unity achieved within the government will not be felt from one day to the next throughout all the islands and villages of the archipelago. The consequences of the division that we have experienced until now will not disappear overnight. ‘But I believe in the Melanesian team that we have now set up.’

December also saw action on another front when 2000 people demonstrated in Vila against the plan to reduce the Vila Base Hospital to a ‘clinic’ (PIM January). The controversial plan had been aired by Minister for Social Services Father Leymang before his elevation to national leadership.

As the New Hebrides takes further painful steps along its thorny road to independence, it is worth recalling some unusually frank remarks on the country’s historical background made during his visit to the condominium last year by French Secretary of State for Overseas Departments and Territories Paul Dijoud, who told a press conference: ‘The divisions in the society of the New Hebrides are largely the product of history.

We must acknowledge that England, like France, transposed here from the beginning of the condominium, and by the very act of creating the condominium in the first place their European differences and colonial quarrels. ‘We established here, fundamentally speaking, two peoples, French-speaking and English-speaking, where clearly a people of one heart should have been established. ‘The time has come when these quarrels are outdated, and I have clearly stated; for me, the New Hebrides’ future must first of all be bound up with reconciliation. Clear and strong reconciliation between those who represent here the interests of England and those of France, and who in the past have not always managed to march in step. And reconciliation also between those who speak English and those who speak French, and who sometimes feel that language divides them. ‘However, it is an enrichment for this country to have two languages - in future, two official languages which will give them possibilities of developing wider contacts in the future than many other people.’

INTRODUCING KIRIBATI The new independent state of the Gilbert Islands will be known as Kiribati (pronounced Kiribasi) when it is proclaimed early in July. The name represents the local pronunciation of the English word ‘Gilberts’.

This announcement was made at the close of the Gilbert Islands constitutional talks in London last December.

Britain’s Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Lord Goronwy- Roberts, in his closing speech to the conference congratulated the Gilbert Islands delegation on the efforts made over a period of years ‘to involve people widely in the discussions on the constitution and thus extend understanding of it and underline its legitimacy’.

He said the Gilbertese had chosen a presidential system and the British Government well understood their reasons. ‘You have sought to find ways of keeping the form of government as simple as possible, so that it may be on a scale which you can hope to sustain in the future,’ he said. ‘I may say that this contrasts with the attitude that I have seen elsewhere in British territories moving to independence. It is more important that resources Chief Minister Leymang ... believing in his Melanesian team At Admiralty House, London, December 7... Gilberts’ Chief Minister leremiah Tabal and Britain’s Lord Goronwy-Roberts seal the independence deal with a handshake

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

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should be used for worthwhile - development than for the machinery of government.’

Lord Goronwy-Roberts noted that, ‘through good husbandry’, the Tilbertese had built up a substantial reserve fund from phosphate income, and that it was not the normal practice of the British Government to give budgetary support to a territory which had revenues of its own. However, in * view of the fact that independence was coming to the Gilbertese at the very time that income from the country’s only major resource would suddenly disappear, an exception would be made in their case.

On the vexed question of Banaba (Ocean Island), whose delegation had walked out of the conference when they failed to win their demand for \ separation from the Gilberts, the minister made the followi ing points; • The British Government had only made the decision that Banaba would remain within the boundaries of the I Gilberts ‘when it was clear there was no possibility of I resolving the basic issue of sovereignty by negotiation’. • The conference had agreed on measures to protect Banaban interests, including a Banaban veto on any changes in the safeguards of the land rights and freedom of access which they have enjoyed. • The British Government had been concerned not only to guarantee Banaban rights on Banaba, but also to safeguard the future of the Banaban community, most of whom would inevitably continue to live on Rabi Island, Fiji, after their royalties from phosphates on Banaba cease in about a year’s time. Accordingly ne had told the chairman of the Rabi Council that he was ready to discuss their request for interest from the time that the ex-gratia offer of SAIO million to the Banabans was made in May 1977, and the British Government was also prepared to make available to the Banabans a fund of up to $A 1.7 million for development projects on Rabi. • The British Government plans a resources survey on Banaba in the hope of identifying projects to be undertaken once the British Phosphate Commission has withdrawn.

Guam: Paul

Downs Ricky

Paul M. Calvo, 44, took over as Guam’s governor for the next four years on January 8 after soundly defeating incumbent Governor Ricardo J. Bordallo in Guam’s November election (PIM October 1978).

The Republican team of Paul Calvo and Joe Ada beat the Democrats Ricardo Bordallo and Pedro Sanchez, by 13 650 votes to 12 540. Mr Ada, who has been serving as speaker of the fourteenth Guam Legislature, now becomes the island’s lieutenant governor.

The election turnout was one of the highest ever about 84% of Guam’s registered electorate.

Although Mr Bordallo was confident he would win a second term in office, he suffered defeats in numerous villages considered Democratic strongholds. The defeats, coupled with poorer showings than expected in the island’s southern villages, sounded his death knell.

In his victory speech Mr Calvo said; ‘We’ve been given the chance by the people of Guam to show what we can do with no obstacle.’ And Joe Ada called the victory ‘a clear mandate of the people’.

Now, for the first time in Guam’s history, the island will have a governor and legislature from the same political party.

Republicans maintained their solid majority in the Guam legislature in the election, winning 14 of the 21 seats. There will be three women senators in the unicameral legislature, four persons of Filipino descent but no Statesiders.

For the Democrats, the only rejoicing came with the selection of Antonio B. Won Pat as Guam’s non-voting representative in the US Congress. Won Pat. however, was running unopposed.

Mr Calvo' ’s victory capped a long political history for the millionaire businessman. Born in Guam’s capital, Agana, in July 1934, he attended high school on Guam and graduated from Peacock Military Academy in San Antonio.

Texas. He received a bachelor of science degree in commerce from the University of Santa Clara, California, and served as senator in the eighth, eleventh and twelfth Guam legislatures.

Mr Calvo is president of the multi-million dollar corporation Calvo Enterprises which owns a finance company, a liquor distributing company, six cinemas, an insurance company, a bowling alley, a management company, a construction company and other diverse interests.

Mr Calvo has said he will divest himself of his business interests now he is governor.

Guam’s direction in the next four years is expected to be more pro-business than under Mr Bordallo.

MICRONESIA:

Unions Stir

Micronesian labour activity is a comparatively new phenomenon which has had little significance except in the Trust Territory district of Palau, writes Paul Addison from Guam.

In Palau, unionists in October held their first Workers’ Convention (PIM January) bringing together officials from labour associations representing 200 workers at Van Camp fisheries, the Micronesian Industrial Corporation copra plant, the Palau Continental Hotel and taxi drivers.

According to guest speaker Robert Coble, vice-president of the Guam Federation of Teachers, the most controversial issue in Palau is the year-old strike at the Palau Continental Hotel (PIM July 1978). The Palau unionists called for legislation to force the hotel to negotiate with strikers, who are seeking a SUS 1-an-hour minimum wage.

Coble said efforts are also underway in Palau to form unions for teachers, port workers and government workers.

During their strike the Palau Continental Hotel workers have received support from Trust Territory High Commissioner Adrian Winkel, US congressmen Philip Burton of California and James Aberezsk of South Dakota, the Hawaii AFL-CIO, and the Labor Council of the Western Pacific.

In late October, Coble said in the GFT newspaper. Union , the ugly American image of the Continental Hotel chain is serving as a detriment to US- Palau relations and could be the focal point of forcing Palauans to reject close affiliations with the US in the political status activities coming up.

He added: ‘Continental officials, operating with an eighteenth century anti-union attitude, have acknowledged that the real reason they’re refusing to negotiate with the striking Plauans is their fear that Continental Hotel employees in Guam. Truk, and Saipan will then want to negotiate also.’

Victory smiles on Guam ... Lieutenant-Governor Joe Ada (left) with Governor Paul Calvo. Photo Rick Padden

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

Political Currents

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GFT and the Labor Coun- -| cil’s efforts to support the strikers have included financial ' contributions and a ‘Boycott Continental’ advertising campaign.

The present labour scene on \ Guam appears to justify the al- I leged fears of Continental officials. Here, high pressure unionism is fast becoming a way of life for thousands of previously unrepresented ‘ workers.

Spearheading developments [ is the Operating Engineers f Local 3 which last year made significant advances towards turning Guam into a major union base.

Until 1978, the GFT, representing such diverse groups as teachers, bus drivers and port workers, was the dominant island union. Other unions on Guam include local , chapters of the American Federation of Government Employees, the American Postal Workers’ Union and the Teamsters’ Union. Almost 4000 of the islands 31 000 workforce belong to labour unions.

But with a series of person- I nel changes and quick-witted actions, the Operating i Engineers, a branch of one of American’s largest unions, has been rapidly establishing itself as a vocal proponent of workers’ rights. ‘We’re here to stay,’ Joaquin Perez, 32, Operating Engineers’ business representative, told PIM in mid- November. ‘What we’re saying is, don’t put your heads in the sand. Because when you come up we’ll still be here.’

The union’s inroads into Guam’s labour scene started in August 1977 when the US Labor Department came to Guam to look into the multimillion dollar construction industry. Construction, one of Guam’s largest industries, was until then, and still is, manned largely by some 4000 aliens from the Philippines and Korea. US Labor officials had a two-pronged remedy to the situation raise construction wages by controlled increases to increase the number of Guamanians working in the industry, and implement trainmg programmes for local workers.

Pay increases went into effect in September 1977 and have increased every six months since. The training programmes took longer to implement and are still a matter of bitter dispute.

Both Guam employers and Operating Engineers wanted to operate the lucrative programmes. The union finally won contracts (PIM October 1978), but not before employers had complained the union had circumvented competitive bidding requirements.

Guam employers complained to Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall who started an investigation into the procedures.

Seven months after the investigation there was still no report, and the frustrated employers complained to US Senators Jesse Helms and Orrin Hatch, conservative Republicans, who have taken the matter up with US authorities.

In spite of the disputes, a training programme operated by the union with $1.75 million Labor Department contracts, has gone ahead and has so far trained about 100 workers in 10-week construction skills programmes.

In October, disturbed by reports that Guam employers were not taking on many of the union-trained workers, the executive director of the training programme, a union employee, Mark Stechbart, filed charges with the US Labor Department and the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service, against Heide Cook, a Guam construction employer.

The union charged that Heide Cook had violated federal labor regulations.

Stechbart then accused the Guam Employers’ Council, the union’s most vociferous opponent, of fomenting a ‘conspiracy of silence’ among Guam contractors to destroy the programme. The council acknowledged it had sent out more than 50 letters pointing out problems in Stechbart’s operation along with a magazine article called ‘Locking up Guam for (Operating Engineers) Local 3’. The council is currently trying to set up its own training programme in competition with the union’s.

Operating Engineers’ battle with employers has left scars.

Three companies involved in the union training programme protested to the US Labor Department about Stechbart and said his actions could jeopardise the training programme’s future. ‘lf he has had difficulty placing the first group of trainees the second group of trainees will be almost impossible to place as local contractors are not very receptive to threats of US Labor and Immigration investigations by a known union employee,’ they wrote to the Labor Department.

Operating Engineers was not discouraged. After battling the employers. Local 3 took on the port’s manager and the Guam Federation of Teachers. It lodged charges with the government of Guam alleging unfair labour practices by the manager. The GET was accused, in charges presented to the American Federation of Labor, of ‘raiding’ Operating Engineers’ territory at the port and signing up members who should rightfully belong to it.

Both the 1800-member GET and the 500-member Engineers belong to the Labor Council of the Western Pacific, which monitors labour activity on Guam and throughout most of Micronesia.

Tuvalu And

UNCLE SAM Although the proposed treaty of friendship between the United States and Tuvalu (PIM January) was concerned with the renunciation of US claims to islands in the Tuvalu group, the questions involved go much further than that, writes a correspondent on Funafuti.

The US claims to Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae and Niulakita were originally made in the so-called Guano Act of the US Congress i in 1856, and were reaffirmed as recently as 1965.

Advertisement in Guam's Pacific Daily News . . . stirrings of unionism in Micronesia 25

Political Currents

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

Tuvalu's secretary to govern- - ment, lonatana lonatana, says that the purpose of the nego- § nations was to ‘make official’ the amiable attitudes now existing between the two countries, with mutual and maximum benefit to both.

The Tuvalu Government I came to the conference table primarily seeking American developmental and or financial I assistance, recognition of its * 200-mile fisheries zone, and guaranteed defence against military aggression. The US. ; on the other hand, wanted as- * surance of non-discrimination J for its fishing vessels wishing to [ operate in Tuvalu waters, and I access to, as well as use of, the nine-island group during times ! of emergency or international [ crisis.

During the course of the two-day talks it was agreed that there would be no specific reference in the treaty to either military or development aid. or fisheries licensing, and that the main thrust of the document would be to declare simple friendship between the two nations. It is generally understood, however, that the treaty opens a wide door for licensing negotiations with fish canneries in American Samoa, which are partially supplied with tuna by Taiwan and Korean vessels operating in Tuvalu seas. It is also expected that further Tuvalu-US talks will be held on diplomatic matters, such as additional Peace Corps support and cultural exchanges between the two countries.

The recent negotiations mark the second time that Prime Minister Lauti and William Bodde, director of the State Department’s Office of Pacific Island Affairs, have met regarding a friendship treaty.

Mr Lauti, who journeyed to Honolulu last September hoping that the US claims in Tuvalu could be renounced on the new nation’s independence day. is confident that no further talks between the governments will be needed before a treaty acceptable to both can be signed. There remain, however. certain points in the wording of the draft treaty which Mr Bodde will have to refer to Washington before making a further visit to Funafuti.

Refugees For

W. SAMOA?

Moya McTamney, a New Zealand Red Cross field officer, has suggested that Western Samoa might consider accepting a quota of refugees from Indochina. She told the weekly Savali that most of the refugees at present were of Chinese origin, and that the Chinese community in Apia would be able to help them.

Ms McTamney was with the Red Cross in Vietnam from 1969 to 1971, and has since worked with refugees, including a recent group of 200 who were taken into New Zealand.

Reporting her remarks, Savali editor Mike Field writes that the government of Western Samoa has not given official consideration to taking refugees from Southeast Asia but that ‘some senior government officials have mentioned the possibility of taking orphans from the region’.

Field comments: ‘This indicates a considerable lack of knowledge about the refugee situation. At no stage during the Vietnam war, or since, has there ever been a large number of refugee orphans. Orphaned Vietnamese children were, and are, popular among parents looking for children to adopt.

The situation has got to the point where largescale kidnapping and selling of children is carried out in South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia so that Western families can have Oriental children’.

Mr Field says of Ms McTamney’s suggestion: ‘Recent groups of refugees coming out of Vietnam have been suspected of not being genuine refugees. Suggestions have been made that they bought their way out of Vietnam and that they left with the undercover assistance of the Vietnamese government. But the large numbers of Vietnamese, Cambodians and Lao people on the Thailand border are undoubtedly refugees and if Samoa were to offer its assistance it would at least be a token gesture to help overcome what is almost a desperate situation.’

The Return

Of Maurice

Divisions among the former Rightwing controllers of New Caledonia’s Government Council, for many years their stronghold, led to a major turnabout in the November 15, 1978, elections to the council, writes Andre Chaville from Noumea.

In the elections, the opposition obtained a majority on the council, and Maurice Lenormand came back into power after 20 years’ absence.

Who is Maurice Lenormand? Probably the first European in New Caledonia to imagine that it was possible to vote against the ‘Tories’ of New Caledonia. Until then, politicians came from the major trading companies, or were wealthy miners or cattle breeders. In addition he was a ‘Metropolitan’, a Frenchman from France, so obviously a ‘foreigner’, who in addition had married a Melanesian girl.

Maurice Lenormand did not only take a Melanesian wife.

He took up the defence of the Melanesian people, obtained for them the right to vote, to attend schools, to live outside of the reserves, to buy beer and obtain French citizenship. His party, the Union Caledonienne governed the territory during the Loi Cadre period of the mid-fifties, thanks to the Melanesian votes. It was only by breaking down the whole structure of self-government and returning to the status of a territory, that the Europeans were able to retrieve at least part of their privileges. The result of this political blunder was to place the territory in a position to be restricted by the Billotte laws, limiting its powers of decision concerning its own mineral resources.

Those laws are applicable today, and claimed by many to be the main reason for the present economic recession.

After being found guilty of attempting to blow up the offices of his own political party, Maurice Lenormand was banned from the political scene for many years. This providential bomb did more than misfire, it in fact took the reins of the party out of his hands and caused the gradual fragmentation of the Union Caledonienne. Today, if all its original members were to return under its banner, the party would still have a majority in the assembly.

The Melanesian vote was also split and attracted elsewhere. Today Union Caledonienne is not the official Melanesian party, although it still represents a fair share of that population. It is not a ‘black man’s party’ either, having many staunch supporters among the Europeans.

On November 26, the assembly elected a new president. A moderate, Jean-Pierre Aifa, was successful. Strangely enough, Aifa, not so long ago, was Lenormand’s lieutenant in Union Caledonienne, and his son-in-law, strange coincidence!

Tuvalu Secretary to Government lonatana lonatana ... making amiable attitudes official.

New Caledonia’s Maurice Lenormand ... aged a little since this photograph was taken but still capable of a second coming’ 27

Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

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The Answer

An editorial writer in the Honolulu Advertiser recently took a searching look at the US I colonial record in American Samoa and Micronesia and was not much impressed. The editorial said: ‘lt’s more with sadness than surprise that one learns a new General Accounting Office report finds American Samoa gets more money than it can handle, doesn’t know on what the money is being spent, and has failed to make progress toward economic independence. ‘The same things might also be said about the Trust Territory which the US has administered in Micronesia since World War 11. In both cases, US policy has ranged from unbenign neglect in the 1950 s to over-indulgence in the 1970 s with little guidance toward real economic development. The result is territories overdependent on a continuing flow of federal funds from Washington for jobs and basic support. With a mixture of generosity, ignorance and some design, we have fostered continuing client states. ‘Complete self-sufficiency is unlikely if not impossible for American Samoa because of its small size (less than the District of Columbia) and growing population of some 30 000 which is relieved only by steady out-migration to Hawaii and the West Coast. In fact, all states are dependent in degrees on federal funds. But Washington has too often pumped money and federal aid programmes into American Samoa beyond the capacity to manage them, notes the GAE, an investigating agency of Congress. This has too often been done without proper oversight and technical assistance and without relationship to economic development. The result is a form of uninspired welfare state. ‘The long-range answer may be some form of unity with the much larger, poorer, yet often more impressive nearby nation of Western Samoa, independent since 1962. But at best that is a long way off, given American Samoan attitudes and options as American nationals. ‘This problem predates the US territory’s first elected Governor, Peter Coleman, who took office late last year. The GAO report says he agrees with the findings. But it will be Coleman’s difficult job to bring more private economic development and make better use of federal programmes. .. ‘ln Micronesia, the prospects are somewhat different because most of the area is going into a form of complete internal self-government that will involve a continuing relationship with the US with reduced funding from Washington.

Local leaders there have acknowledged the need to cut back, perhaps by 50%, a bureaucracy which, as in American Samoa, has grown fat with federal funding. Last year, almost 11 000 of some 18 000 jobs in the Trust Territory were government positions. Some reductions, or at least alterations, in the present standard of living there seem inevitable. ‘As with American Samoa, economic development in Micronesia with a growing population and limited land is a major problem. But with ocean resources and perhaps increasing interest from the Japanese (who in the 1930 s had producing economies in the area) there are possibilities. US aid will also continue in a variety of ways. ‘There are positive aspects in the US colonial record, a record under which some would include the Philippines, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. We have been best in education and political development and perhaps some aspects of public health. But, in their small but significant ways, American Samoa and Micronesia present lingering challenges for the world’s greatest power. As in Vietnam in its different and larger way, we can realise the answer is not as simple as spending money. ‘Nor is it in taking a kind of perverse pride as some do in saying Americans were never very good colonists anyway.

We have to do better even if it costs less.’

The editorial was reproduced in full by the American Samoa Government’s official News Bulletin.

A COALITION FOR FIJI?

Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji, has not given up his hope that Fiji may one day have a coalition government. He has long had doubts about the Westminster style of government in the Fiji context.

He now intends to have parliament debate the question of a national government, which he would like to see come about through an agreement between both parties, the ruling Alliance Party, and the faction-ridden National Federation Party, which grew out of troubles in the canefields in the early sixties. 29

Pacific Islands Monthly - February Iq7Q

Political Currents

Condom Caper Is

Taking Birth

Control Too Far

Papua New Guinea has always had population control. In precontact times it was brought about in part by the high rate of infant mortality, in part by traditional customs and taboos relating to sex, and in part, possibly, by the use of traditional herbal contraceptives. I say ‘possibly’ because as far as I know the effectiveness or otherwise of these preparations has not been established by research.

In the first quarter of this century colonial administrators in Papua were worried, not by over-population but by depopulation. and they adopted several measures to combat this threat. First, they established infant welfare clinics, though, due to lack of money and staff, not on a large enough scale to be really effective. Second, they restricted, and in some cases banned altogether, recruitment of plantation labour from areas in which there was evidence of depopulation. And finally, they established a system of incentives to encourage parents to have more children and to keep them alive. These comprised head tax rebates for the fathers of medium-sized families and cash bonuses to the mothers of really large ones.

The compilation and updating of village censuses, the collection of head tax from those liable to pay it and the payment of family bonuses to those eligible to receive them was, for district administration officers, an annual chore calling for considerable physical stamina and a high degree of mental alertness. Differences in ways of describing relationships made it possible to deceive without actually telling lies. ‘ls this your child?’ ‘Yes,’ says Mum, not untruthfully, for in her language her sister’s children are also hers.

It is ironic to think that 50 years ago in Papua, people were being paid to have big families.

Now, 50 years on, we’re worrying about our ‘population explosion'. Traditional ‘family planning’ through custom and taboo is increasingly ignored, and maternal and child health clinics have been highly successful in bringing down the infant mortality rate. So we have a ‘Family Planning Unit’ in the PNG Public Health Department, and a non-governmental ‘Family Planning Association,’ dedicated to the task of persuading people not to have too many children and of explaining to them how it’s done.

On the whole, the efforts of these enthusiasts have been well received. Of course they have found some opponents. There are those who, comparing our population with that of our Southeast Asian neighbours, claim that Papua New Guinea can support a much bigger population than it has at present.

There are the Highlands tribesmen who claim that they must produce plenty of children, particularly male children, if they are to hold their own in future inter-tribal conflicts. In the same bracket, there are the by-jingo nationalists, who want to breed cannon fodder for a future showdown with Indonesia. (Clearly these haven’t done their arithmetic.) Finally, there is the Roman Catholic Church, which, while it does not oppose birth control in principle, makes to it an important distinction between ‘natural’ and ‘artificial’ control.

I have been a supporter of the family planners and, in a very small way, I have contributed to the cause by translating some of their material into Motu. The stance of the Family Planning Unit of the Department of Health seems to me to be wholly admirable. It sees its task as that of disseminating AFTERTHOUGHTS with Percy Chatterton in Port Moresby information about the various methods of birth control as widely as possible, and of ensuring through its clinics that facilities for practising them are available to those who want to use them.

I wish I could speak with equal approval of the activities of the Family Planning Association, but I’m afraid I can’t. ‘Become an official distributor and help your friends and fellow workers while earning money. Send K 4 for a box of 144 condoms. You will sell them for five toea each and make K 3.20 profit.’ So runs a current Family Planning Association advertisement in the PNG Post-Courier.

An 80 per cent profit for pushing condoms seems a generous return for small outlay and small effort. But is this rather sordid way of promoting birth control really necessary? I think not.

Trade stores have already been encouraged to stock this commodity, and there are trade stores everywhere. In the suburb in which I live, backyard trade stores are proliferating like rabbits. Most villages have several. Maybe on the banks of the Nomad River there are no trade stores; but on the banks of the Nomad River they don’t read the Post-Courier either.

Wherever the Post-Courier circulates and is read (as distinct from being used for cigarette paper) there are trade stores.

All of them could be encouraged to stock condoms; indeed with a mark-up of 80 per cent they won’t need much encouraging.

So the Family Planning Association’s sales stunt is quite unnecessary. It is also undesirable, because it alters the whole basis of the exercise from making these things available to those who want them to pressuring people into using them.

For although the FPA may not mean it that way, that’s the way it will be when the pushers really get going. That character in the FPA’s cartoon strip who says to his prospect: T make some money for myself but mostly I do it to help families like yours’ is just too good to be true. We’ve heard that spiel too often from doorstep salesmen.

As Archbishop Herman To Paivu has pointed out, these characters are not screened; anyone with K 4 to spare can write in for a box of the things. To describe them as ‘official distributors’ is quite misleading.

Incidentally they’re probably breaking the law by selling the things without a pedlar’s licence.

No, I’m not in favour of pushers, whether they’re pushing heroin, encyclopedias or condoms.

Highland fathers ... children for the battlefields. 30

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

Norfolk island in identity crisis Norfolk Island is a small (Bxs km) dot of land in the South Pacific, 1676 km north-east of Sydney and 1063 km north of Auckland.

From the top of either of two small peaks, you can see every point on the island and two islets offshore. Norfolk is an Australian territory administered from Canberra, with a resident population of about 1800, composed of ‘ islanders’ descended from the Bounty mutineers, and settlers who have come in recent years mainly from Australia, New Zealand and Britain. The settlers are usually either the refired or people who have businesses on the island. This permanent population is continuously being swollen by the ebb and flow of tourists, 20,000 of whom made flying visits last year. They come mainly from Australia or New Zealand to enjoy the scenic beauties of the island, or to inspect its historic buildings, or to select from an Aladdin’s treasure trove of goods offered at prices considerably cheaper than they can get them at home. Whatever it is they have come for, they get good value, and the permanent population is sincere in its welcome. But beneath it all, Norfolk Island is going through yet another of its many crises a crisis of identity. The Australian Parliament currently has before it a bill which aims to establish a Norfolk Island legislature with a greater say in its own a ff airs • The population is split on whether the bill goes far enough.

The bill highlights a continuing controversy on the island. Different blocs of residents see the future of Norfolk in different ways. Some want full self-government with a continuing association with Australia, others press for complete integration with A ustralia including A ustralian social service payments. In short, is Norfolk to be a small chip °ff Australia, or a South Pacific island state? To help readers understand what is going on there, PI M’s publisher, Stuart Inder, who has followed Norfolk’s fortunes for the past 20 years, visited the island to compile this report on Norfolk’s history, politics and economy.

Islanders Or

AUSTRALIANS?

Norfolk Island is the second oldest British settlement in the South Seas, having been occupied within a few weeks of the first British settlement at what is now Sydney in 1788. It is the oldest of Australia’s external territories.

Its European discoverer was | Captain James Cook who, on October 10, 1774 landed at Duncombe Bay where today a monument stands. He found the island uninhabited and took possession of it for Britain. Little is known of the island’s previous history although there is evidence that it may have been inhabited in earlier times.

The Sydney colony was established on January 26, 1788, and on February 14 the armed tender Supply, carrying Lieutenant Philip Gidley King and a party of convicts, set sail for Norfolk to occupy it. After some difficulty in finding a suitable landing site, they came ashore in what is now the Kingston area on March 6, 1788.

King had been appointed superintendent and commandam of Norfolk.

The early days of settlement were difficult especially because of the amount of heavy clearing that had to be done before crops could be planted. 1 his period has become known as th ® FirSt Settlement ’- When King left in 1796 the settlement was still a developing community of nearly 900 people with many public buildings. By 1804 the population, settlers and convicts, had reached 1100 and by 1810 over a quarter of the island had been cleared. But the long sea connection to Sydney and the general difficulties of keeping the Norfolk Island settlement going resulted in it gradually being run down and finally abandoned, On June 6, 1825, Captain Turton, of the 40th Regiment, with a detachment of soldiers and convicts, landed at Kingston to begin the ‘Second Settlement’. This was a penal settlement and the prisoners were those judged to be the worst from the gaols of New South Wales and Tasmania.

Usually they had been convicted of further offences or considered intractable The island prison was officially described as being meant as ‘a place of the extremes! punishment, short of death’. No private settlers were allowed. The many stories of brutality and sometimes rebellion date from this period which lasted until 1856 when the last convict was moved The colonial stone buildings standing today date from this harsh Second Settlement. They were convict-built in local stone and consist of houses, gaols (mostly razed), stores, military barracks, a mill, grain silos, bridges and the fine old Government House. Settlements were made at Kingston, Cascade and Longridge, and joined by an extensive road system. (There are no buildings remaining of the First Settlement as these were mainly built in timber or in stone which was later used to build the Second Settlement).

Meanwhile the people of Pitcairn Island had been looking for a new home. Most of the population on this small island east of Tahiti were descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty who had scuttled their ship and hidden on the island in 1790. Their population was increasing on Pitcairn and it was feared they would become short of land.

The entire Pitcairn population of 194 landed on Norfolk from the Morayshire on June 8, 1856 (the date is observed today as Bounty Day or Anniversary Day). The few prisoners remaining on Norfolk Island had gone by the end of the month.

For the benefit of the Pitcairners, the island was created a ‘distinct and separate settlement’ on June 24, 1856. The governor of New South Wales was appointed governor of Norfolk Island as well but his powers were limited to acting as a link between the island and the British crown. The Pitcairners established the same kind of land tenure and community disciplines they had had at home.

Two small groups of families returned to Pitcairn in 1858 and 1863. Most Pitcairners remained on Norfolk, which is why the old Bounty names of Quintal, Young, Adams, Chris- Kingston ... stone buildings of a harsh settlement

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

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The Melanesian mission established a missionary training school and headquarters for the Bishop of Melanesia on the island in October 1866. The station was named Saint Barnabas, on whose feast day the site was selected. The beautiful Saint Barnabas Chapel was completed in 1880. From this base on Norfolk Island the mission took Christianity to the islands in the Western Pacific until 1920 when mission headquarters was moved north to the Solomons and Norfolk affairs were terminated.

In 1897 full administration of Norfolk Island became the responsibility of the governor of New South Wales. The island remained a separate British colony but the islanders lost their rights to elect a local head of government and to enact or repeal the island’s laws.

This continued until 1914 when, under the Norfolk Island Act, the island became a territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. Various legislative changes later gave the island, among other things, a local advisory council of ■elected members.

In its modem history, Norfolk Islanders have had various inquiries instituted as to the exact constitutional position of the island with Australia, it being claimed on the island time and again that Britain meant the Pitcairners to run their affairs independently when it transferred them there in 1856. Petitions have been made to the Queen and to the Australian governor-general.

The most exhaustive inquiry was conducted in 1975-76 by Sir John Nimmo, a judge of the Australian Industrial Court.

The Nimmo Report made 74 recommendations on a wide range of topics. Its essential proposals were that Norfolk Island should be integrated into the Australian political system of laws, social benefits and taxes, with the island becoming part of the electorate of Canberra.

The Nimmo Report was and remains a valuable record of facts about Norfolk Island but the commissioner’s recommendations and some of his comments precipitated intense controversy. The eight elected members of the Norfolk Island Council unanimously opposed the proposal that the island should lose its separate political status and, in February 1977, acting as private citizens, they appealed to the United Nations to protect Norfolk Island from being integrated into Australia without the consent of the electors.

A petition signed by 158 residents favouring the Nimmo Report was cited by the responsible Australian minister as an indication of feelings on the island. The petition was countered by more than 600 signed ‘solemn declarations’ from more than two-thirds of Norfolk Island’s electors who wanted separate status to continue.

Island arguments against the Nimmo recommendations were: that Norfolk Island is basically self-supporting; that the proposals would jeopardise the economics of the only industry, tourism; that tra- Sir John Nimmo ... 74 recommendations

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CITIZEN Anything less is merely time on your hands ditional self-help, rather than statutory social welfare benefits, had worked well; that the historic position of the Pitcairn descendants was being inadequately taken into account; and that any major governmental changes should have majority support of the voters.

This opposition resulted in new legislation being introduced into the Australian Parliament in late November 1978 to give Norfolk Island a greater measurement of selfgovernment, and the details of the bill were still being warmly debated on the island in January.

The intensity of political feeling on the island is not usually noticed by tourists.

And those who are aware of it can’t hope to fully appreciate the reasons for it without a knowledge of the islanders’ history. Because of their Pitcairn background there is beneath the surface a strong spirit of independence. They believe their forebears were granted exclusive possession of the island, to administer it in their own manner, as Pitcairn is administered. The islanders are great travellers, and many have lived for long periods in Australia or New Zealand, but their overseas residence has merely strengthened their resolve to keep the island ‘separate’ in a shrinking, ever-busier world.

There is no move for independence, but they do want self-government in close association with Australia, and the whole history of the Pitcairn population since 1856 has been one of opposition to those colonial governors or administrators who have assumed the islanders are people without minds of their own.

A former administrator, Air Commodore R. N. Dalkin, draws attention to this in a recent unpublished manuscript which historically surveys the post of administrator on Norfolk and the men who have held it. The manuscript is part of a history of Norfolk he is writing.

The post of administrator, he says, ‘has tended to become more and more outdated and anachronistic.’ He comments: ‘The administrator’s post has traditionally been a difficult one and one which must inevitably change its character .. .

Because of its geographical isolation and its historical development, and to a greater extent than most small communities, to be understood Norfolk Island must be lived in for a significant period. The longer an administrator continues to serve on the island, the more knowledgeable he becomes on local viewpoints, and the more attuned and sympathetic he becomes to local affairs. ‘ln turn, if he is doing his job, this is bound to bring him into some degree of conflict with departmental officers in the national capital. The cry of “bureaucratic rule from Canberra”, strong in various parts of the Australian States and in the Northern Territory, is nowhere stronger than on Norfolk, and there is sometimes cause for such cries of impatience and frustration. ‘An administrator who is consistently prepared to accept without question directions from government departments, Cairn commemorating Captain Cook’s sighting and naming of ‘Norfolk Isle’ in October 1774

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Pacific Islands Monthly

This Issue

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To Norfolk

Island Every

MONTH or even from a minister, and comply with them without query, analysis or counteradvice, would be a bad administrator. On the other hand he would also be a bad administrator if he opted to be the unquestioning servant of the Norfolk Island Council and island factions. In time the administrator is inevitably forced into impossible situations. This is largely the result of factions, groups and individuals taking up positions involving varying degrees of opposition to the administrator’s or the government’s policies, decisions, methods and general handling of island matters.’

In his survey, Air Commodore Dalkin points out that from the time of arrival of the Pitcairners in 1856 until 1896 the chief magistrate of Norfolk Island was always a Pitcairner who was elected annually by the islanders, subject to the approval of the governor (of Norfolk Island) in Sydney. In fact, the chief magistrate governed the island with the assistance of a council of elders. HMS Bounty and Pitcairn names are the only ones that appear on the list of 21 chief magistrates during that period: Christian, Quintal, Young, Adams, Buffett and Nobbs.

Air Commodore Dalkin writes: ‘From 1896 the position of the chief magistrates and administrators who have been appointed from outside the island community has always been an unusual and delicate one, and their relationships with the island council and the people have sometimes been strained and stormy.’

Colonel Warner Spalding was appointed as the first ‘outsider’ chief magistrate in 1896, and proved a disaster, largely because of his inept handling of the local populace. He was removed from office in 1898 after a public inquiry. Spalding was followed by three other ‘imported’ chief magistrates before the office became that of administrator in 1913. The administrator was also commissioned as chief magistrate.

Norfolk Island in that year got a completely new set of laws, all the earlier laws having been repealed.

But the dual post of administrator and chief magistrate wasn’t very effective because the responsibilities were in conflict and yet, says Air Commodore Dalkin, the system was maintained until 1936 when the duties of chief magistrate were divorced from the functions of administrator.

The persons occupying the position of administrator over the years have been a mixed lot, with a preponderance of ex-military officers. One, Colonel E. T. Leane (1924-26), was apparently totally unsuited for the Norfolk post, and the populace was in a frequent state of turmoil which ended when a royal commission in 1926 found that ‘in the interests of the Commonwealth and Norfolk Island, the present administrator be recalled without delay’. The commissioner also reported that ‘in future selections, due consideration to the psychology of the Norfolk Islanders should be given; the temperament of a prospective administrator, if not compatible with, should be capable of ready adaptability to the social conditions of the island. This applies with equal force to the appointee’s wife, who must necessarily at all times be in close association with the inhabitants, and whose normal influence upon the lives of the people is a factor to be seriously considered’. Leane was hurriedly replaced.

Air Commodore Dalkin says that a ‘study of the record shows that the above dictum, at least in relation to the administrator himself, was by no means always adhered to in subsequent years’.

But even good administrators had their special problems. One successful man, Major General Sir Charles Rosenthal (1937-45) complained in a letter to Prime Minister John Curtin in 1944 that he had served under eight ministers whilst he had been on the island and not one of them had ever visited him.

An island view of administrators was given to the Nimmo royal commission by a Norfolk councillor while discussing a legislative problem which developed a few years ago. ‘lt is like many other things that happened in the history of the island,’ he said. ‘The outcome of it was the result of how it was handled. The administrator at the time was a most intractable man. He was very hard to get on with. If you want to hear the truth, he told me at one time that he had no more sentiment than a concrete tank, and he was right. On Norfolk Island you need some sentiment.’ 34

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

LOW DUTY SHOPPING IS A BIG COME ON Mr Justice Nimmo, who in 1976 held a royal commission into the affairs of Norfolk Island, did not delude himself that Norfolk’s famous lowduty shopping possesses only marginal appeal to tourists, as some experts had tried to tell him. ‘Human nature being what it is,’ the commissioner said in his report, ‘one should not accept too readily assertions that opportunities to save money do not weigh significantly in the thoughts of high-minded tourists purporting to be mere seekers of rustic charms. The authority responsible for setting customs duties should always take care to maintain opportunity for these seekers of simple pleasures to indulge their acquisitive instincts by the purchase of goods at prices up to a third less than mainland prices. ‘The loss in customs revenue will not be large and will be outweighed by the benefits to the island’s economy. It is frequently commented that the air fare of a tourist to Norfolk can be virtually recouped by the savings effected on purchases made in the island. That, combined with the relative cheapness of accommodation in Norfolk, enables many to have a holiday they could not otherwise afford. It is an important component of the whole tourist industry.’

In Norfolk’s last financial year to June 30, the island imported goods to a total value of almost $8 million.

Exports were less than $1 million. In fact the greater part of that import figure represents invisible exports, because visitors took goods out of the island almost as soon as they arrived.

A study of import details reveals the picture. This island of only about 1800 residents last year imported footwear to the total value of $370,000, jewellery $293,000, cosmetics $109,000, clocks and watches $189,000, drapery and fabrics $820,000, photographic goods $220,000, radios $304,000, ‘fancy goods’ $295,000, and liquor a staggering $386,000.

The shopkeepers who imported and sold these goods paid comparatively little duty and no income or company taxes.

Nearly all that footwear was sold by two shops, Max Craig’s Quality Shop (for women’s shoes) and Ray Spragg’s Franks Shoe Store (for men).

In the Quality Shop, a best seller is Rayne’s Raquette, straight from London and selling at $59 compared with $lO5 in Melbourne. All the high fashion shoes from London, Paris, Rome and Spain are there at similar discounts, airmailed in by parcel post and backed up by a storeroom on the premises stacked with shoes insured for a third of a million dollars.

Ray Spragg, who is a former New Guinea plantation ‘old hand’, can bring shoes direct from Europe and sell them 40% cheaper than Australian retail and 50% cheaper than in New Zealand. He says it wouldn’t pay him to import from Australia.

This, generally, ii the secret of Norfolk’s lower prices: direct imports from overseas, usually from the manufacturers. Some shops which do import mostly from Australia can survive because they pitch their sales to New Zealanders who have to pay considerably more for most goods at home.

Consequently items which give Australians a small saving can be excellent bargains for New Zealanders. This is especially true of electrical goods and clothing.

Danny Yager, of Leeside, who buys mostly from Australia, considers that New Zealanders purchase Australian goods because of price and quality, and that Australians go for English and US goods for the same reason.

Peter Woodward, of Pete’s Place, sells a steady supply of Monier crockpots at $25 to

Norfolk’S Income

The tourist industry enables Norfolk Island to balance its official budget. The island also earns a handy income from the sale of postage stamps to collectors and from company fees.

Norfolk’s budget for the financial year to June 30 last is fairly typical. Norfolk earned $2,020,732 and spent $1,782,386.

Major items of revenue, in round figures: sales of stamps $550,000; customs duty $472,000; company fees $237,000; liquor bond $233,000; motor registration fees and licences $73,000; departure tax $35,000. The Australian government grant was $126,000.

Major items of expenditure; administration $704,000; education $290,000; repairs and maintenance $251,000; health and welfare $250,000.

There is no income or company tax on Norfolk Island and duties on export goods are low with many goods duty free. The duty on cameras and photographic equipment for example is 8%, on clothing and footwear 5%, building materials 5%, watches 17%, electrical goods for the kitchen 5%, radios, recorders, records and tapes 8% jewellery 10%, motor cars 15%.

The Norfolk administration gains in two ways on liquor. It applies a duty and then makes a profit on sales because it is the sole importer of liquor on the island. Most dutiable goods, including liquor, leave the island again with the tourists.

Although the boom days of company registrations are past, Norfolk still earns considerable revenue from company fees. It charges $350 for incorporating a company and a filing fee of $3OO for the company’s annual return. As at September 30 last, 1066 companies were registered on the island, an increase on the figure for the previous year but below the record of 1571 companies in 1971. Most companies registered at that time are defunct either abandoned or liquidated, having served their purpose.

The companies were formed because Norfolk Island was used at that time for tax avoidance on income actually earned elsewhere. After millions of dollars in tax were lost to Australia, Canberra closed the major loopholes in 1973.

Companies continued to be registered on the island because it is still possible to arrange tax minimising schemes, particularly estate planning, because of the absence of gift, stamp and estate duties. The government doesn’t plan to make any more changes to the tax laws so this is likely to continue.

Ric Irvine, NZ-born proprietor of Irvines Limited, says Norfolk's economic base today is much stronger than when he arrived 14 years ago. The "getrich-quick' business type has gone to the wall, he says. Today Norfolk is ‘value for money' and a 'nice place to live'.

Pacific Islands Monthly February Iqtq

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DAf'ici/ - ' ici AMnc momti-II V _ PPRRIIARY 1Q79

New Zealanders to whom they are good bargains because they can’t buy them at home. The saving for Australians wouldn’t be worth their effort in carting the goods back.

Australians are in the same boat when selecting radios and cameras, and the point is to know how to identify the bargains. Ken Nobbs, managing director of Cameralines Limited, comments that single reflex cameras can be dearer in Norfolk for Australians if they have been imported through Australian distributors. Prices for cameras imported direct from country of origin are sometimes only slightly lower than Australian discount prices. One reason for this is because Norfolk shops order smaller supplies at one time and thus are more frequently affected by currency fluctuations. However, when Australian retail prices take a hike for some reason, Norfolk becomes far more competitive.

Mr Nobbs says there is at least 20 per cent saving on Australian duty-free prices on cameras imported from manufacturers. He estimated a 50 per cent saving on New Zealand retail prices. Most cine cameras, 35mm automatics, 110 and 126 cameras are half the Australian retail prices and ‘a lot lower than the best discount prices’. He lists Canon Yashica, Kodak, Polaroid and Bolus as equipment which has to come through Australian suppliers.

Accessories, he says, are cheaper than Hong Kong prices. He quotes a 24mm wide angle Rokhor lens selling for $lB6 in Norfolk, as against a Sydney wholesale price of $204.50, a professional price of $286 and a recommended retail price of $371.50. He tries to keep his camera prices below Australian distributors’ wholesale prices, Norfolk’s landed prices are increased by airfreight charges, Airfreight is he says, necessary, ‘because we lost consignments when we shipped by sea; sometimes we would get only empty boxes’, Lyle Hutchinson, of Prentice’s, Ross Reynolds of Burns Philp’s duty free department and John Anderson of Hibiscus Radio, agree that radio bargains aren’t what they were for Australians, but they are excellent for New Zealanders, Yet there are pockets of exceptions. ‘Pioneer equipment for cars, which comes from Australia is excellent value for money,’ says Mr Reynolds Mr Anderson says the heavier hi-fi equipment still carries a tariff in Australia but only 8 per cent duty in Norfolk.

There is a decided advantage in Australians buying this equipment rather than the portable stuff.

The Sony TCI99 cassette deck, for example, selling for $250 at Hibiscus, has a Sydney discount price of $379 and a retail price of $420. But again, for New Zealanders, all equipment is good value.

Lyle Hutchinson, who is an old hand in Norfolk commerce and managing director of Prentice Ltd since 1966, recalls the time in Ken Prentice’s original store when radios sold for onethird of the Australian price and tourists swept them off the shelves. Those were the boom days, when a shipment of 100 cameras would be flown in on a Friday and sold over the weekend. ‘Now there is not much in cameras,’ he says.

Ken Prentice is not now in the business and Mrs Eunice McKenzie, who was Mrs Ken Prentice in those days, who remembers selling the first 35mm camera on Norfolk, now specialises in Chinese goods in her store, Pioneers. This underlines the fact that the dramatic change of fortunes which has affected the ‘glamour’ radio and camera sales should not be allowed to conceal the truth that there are still bargains galore on Norfolk but they are different bargains.

The greatest savings are in high quality goods - luxury items, although not always, as brisk sales in toys and records testify.

High quality china, figurines, cloisonne, watches, jewellery, perfumes, expensive rugs, are the kind of goods where savings can cover the Dick Cavell began Norfolk's first a la carte restaurant. The Garrison, 11 years ago. Tourists' needs are changing, he says. With packaged travel more popular, the set menu dinner has become the way to operate. He and his wife have planted 200 fruit trees to offer wider menus of island fruits. Adding to the variety of Norfolk's food service are hostesses such as Aunt Em' and Elva Yager who are off erin g on increasing number of dishes for people with smaller appetites.

Everything, including buses and cars, have to be landed by boat.

It is the skill of Norfolk's small boatmen which brings the cargo ashore.

Pacific Islands Monthly February 197 Q

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tourist’s airfare. Shops like Little Tiffany’s in Max’s store and BJ’s, depend on this when it comes to jewellery. The greater the expenditure the greater the saving.

Bob Fitzgibbons of BJ’s buys his raw stones overseas and has them made up overseas. He will buy rubies in Bangkok, diamonds in South Africa and have them made up, perhaps, in London. Tt makes sense to buy on the best market, and markets vary depending on what stones you want and what styles you want made up,’ says Mr Fitzgibbons, who has been selling jewellery in Norfolk for 13 years and in his own shop for nine.

As an example, he recently bought a rough ruby of almost a carat in Burma, took delivery in Bangkok, where he had it cut, and sent it to London for setting with eight diamonds.

The first tourist who saw it bought it for $593, with an insurance valuation from Fitzgibbons of $l3OO. He says a typical price for good jewellery in Norfolk shops would be $6OO for a ring selling in Sydney for $ 1100. Jewellery can be taken duty free into Australia or New Zealand if the purchaser carries it as her personal property.

In the watch trade, Tony Mathys of Swiss House says the best bargains are in the expensive watches. Swiss watches haven’t increased to the same extent as Japanese watchesz (due to the upward valuation inr the yen) and Norfolk can selll the higher price Swiss models 2 at half the Australian prices ‘cheaper than in Switzerland.’ ' Direct importing is thes answer but Australian distributors do not all endorse this andt there have been strong andt sometimes successful pressuresg from some Australian wholesalers aimed at getting overseas 2 manufacturers of various products to cease supplying Norfolk direct.

Bill Blucher, president ofl committees of the Island Council, and a leadings Norfolk businessman (Martin’s 2 Agencies), says business would be strangled if! these pressure groups achievedt their aims. He stresses that!

Norfolk Island is an island territory that will attain selfgovernment and that!

Australian distributors have noo automatic rights over franchises there.

Some other Norfolk businessmen take a stronger standb and say that abroad who persist in treatingg Norfolk as part of the Aus-. tralian mainland run the risk oft finding their products boycotted in favour of competi-i tors.

Honda agent, Jack Fitz-: patrick, who sells Honda ali about two-thirds Australian! prices, points out that high! freights would penalise Nor-i folk car buyers and hirers if hes couldn’t buy direct. And if hes bought spares through Aus-; tralian distributors he would bea paying duty on duty. Ceo: Bunker, who hires out 80 carsg" and 31 motorbikes, says tour-i ists can’t do without transport! on the Island. lanand Joan Kenney, tour oper[?] ators, say better informed visi-[?] tors now arenas keen to inspec[?] Norfolk's historical sites as they[?] are to visit the shopping centr[?] Marie Bailey of Marie’s Tours,[?] has made a hit with her ‘behin[?] the hedges’ tours which tak[?] visitors into historic homes an[?] gardens of Norfolk.

Paoifin Isi Ands Monthly February, 197Jy

What’s in the Norfolk Island Bill The Australian Government plans to hand many of its legislative powers over Norfolk Island to an elected Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly . this year. The proposed nineman assembly will replace the present eight-man advisory council. This will happen in July if the legislation for it, the Norfolk Island Bill 1978, is passed through the Australian Parliament during its sittings beginning in February.

The bill was tabled in the Australian Parliament in November but passage has been withheld to give Norfolk Islanders the opportunity to discuss it and suggest amendments.

The bill was prepared after detailed discussions between members of the Norfolk Island I Council and officers of the Australian Government. It is not like any other bill that has been tabled in the Australian Parliament. This one proposes a legislature that is a mixture of colonial practice and conditions to meet the special needs of Norfolk Islanders.

Broadly, the legislation follows the Westminster model of government but virtually it enables the Australian Government and the Norfolk Island Assembly to operate two separate administrations if they wish. The plan behind the bill is that only one administration will be operated - a unified one under the control of Norfolk Islanders.

Clearly, though, there would have to be a trial period while bureaucrats and islanders learned to work together.

At present the Australian Government holds all legislative and executive power. The Norfolk Island Council is advisory only. Control is vested in the Australian Minister for Home Affairs, Bob Ellicott, through an Administrator, D.

V. O’Leary.

Under the bill, Norfolk remains an Australian territory and there would still be an administrator. Mr Ellicott has promised that the government intends to increase the proposed assembly’s legislative powers within five years of its incorporation.

He says: ‘The government is prepared over a period to move towards a substantial measure of self-government for the island and is also of the view that, although Norfolk Island is part of Australia and will remain so, this does not require Norfolk Island to be regulated by the same laws as regulate other parts of Australia . . . ‘The government would see if the island can develop an appropriate form of government involving its elected representatives under which the revenue necessary to sustain that government will be raised internally under its own system of law.’

Under the bill, members of the new Norfolk Island Assembly will serve a three-year term and will elect a ‘president’ who is akin to a parliamentary speaker. The assembly will nominate some of its members to hold portfolios, as with a ministerial system of government, and they will constitute an executive council.

One of the executive council members will be designated ‘chief minister’, or equivalent. (The bill does not state what these portfolios are to be, the number of them, the titles to be given to the persons holding them, or to the ‘chief minister’ or the ‘president’ of the assembly. All these are a matter for the assembly.) The administrator will in some ways resemble a governor with the important exception that he will personally administer those responsibilities retained by the Australian Government on Norfolk Island.

Only he will be able to call a meeting of the executive council, and he will preside over the meetings he attends, which any member of the assembly can also attend, not just executive members.

Although members of the assembly will nominate members to the executive council, the administiator may terminate an appointment in ‘exceptional circumstances’. Public servants can be elected to the assembly but can’t be appointed to the executive council.

The bill transfers present legislative and executive authority to the assembly, but not on all matters. There will be three categories of power: • Powers of the assembly directly (listed on Schedule 2 of the bill) which include the kind of authority you would find at municipal government level in Australia but also embracing the raising of revenue, tourism, radio, television, telephone and postal services and registration of companies. • The powers on Schedule 3 which are subject to veto by the Australian Government (fishing, customs control - but not duties immigration and education). The assembly can initiate legislation on these matters but they can become law only if Canberra agrees.

Under the powers, the assembly cannot refuse money supply to the administrator. • Powers enabling the Australian Government to make laws directly for Norfolk Island without reference to the assembly. However, the bill clearly intends laws to be made through the assembly in the absence of extraordinary circumstances. The law-making powers of the assembly are in fact limited only by prohibition against its acquiring property on unjust terms, maintaining military forces or coining money. Otherwise any law on any matter concerning Norfolk may be made through the assembly.

The Australian Government Norfolk Administrator Desmond O’Leary and Mrs Adele O’Leary In period dress ... under the new bill the administrator will In some ways resemble a governor

Pacific Islands Month! V _ . Ccqdi Ladv/

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But then they from only $313 effectively retains control by its power to withhold the assent necessary to complete the lawmaking process in respect of veto matters and its own powers. The administrator cannot quash legislation over which the assembly has full power (Schedule 2). The Australian governor-general can do it, within six months of a law being passed, but he must give the assembly the reasons why any ordinance or part of an ordinance is disallowed.

All matters, whether the responsibility of the assembly or of the Australian Government, are to be financed locally, as at present. It is uncertain what the future is of the Australian annual grant (currently $A 126,000 out of a total annual budget of $2 million).

Commenting on the new bill, particularly on the possibility that the bill could allow establishment of two separate administrations, Councillor Duncan Mclntyre, who was one of those who took part in the discussions on the bill, and who is a practising solicitor on Norfolk, told PIM; ‘All the discussions between the minister and the council have very definitely envisaged a unified administration. Its achievements will depend on reasonable cooperation between the assembly and the administrator, especially in the raising of revenue and the voting of supply. ‘Certainly all the reserve powers of the bill favour the administrator in the event of serious differences, but since it will all be island money in dispute, to be spent for the island’s benefit, the solutions are likely to be political rather than legal. ‘The record of the present advisory council suggests that a unified administration is possible, though it will be interesting to see the development of the island’s politics when real responsibility comes and Canberra is no longer there to take all the blame.’

Mr Mclntyre said the main powers missing from the list of functions to be controlled by the assembly and which concern the daily life of the island PITCAIRNERS CALL FOR

Big Changes

The Society of Descendents of Pitcairn Settlers which has a membership of 115, met on Norfolk Island on January 8.

Ken Nobbs reports that a well attended meeting passed the following resolution; ‘Whereas the Norfolk Islands Bill 1978 has been introduced in the Australian Parliament, with the consent of the Australian Government, proposing a new form of constitution for the governing of Norfolk Island, and whereas the said bill will deprive the people of Norfolk Island of entitlements and rights which are justly theirs, the Society of Descendents of Pitcairn Settlers, whose homeland Norfolk Island is, hereby resolve that it opposes the Norfolk Island Bill 1978 in its present form, and asks the Australian Parliament to amend the bill so as to incorporate the following changes which the society considers to be essential; T. That Norfolk Island should be recognised and formally reconfirmed as the homeland of the Pitcairn race, which it has been since 1856, and that Australia should acknowledge that it has no right to deprive persons of Pitcairn descent of full freedom to live in their homeland and that any restriction on this freedom should be made only by the representative body elected solely by the electors of the island. ‘2. That Norfolk Island’s existing status as a separate and distinct settlement in the British, Commonwealth, which was established by the British Government in 1856, should be formally recognised and reconfirmed and that Norfolk Island should not be dealt with as if it were an Australian possession and that the sea and seabed surrounding Norfolk Island should be recognised as belonging to Norfolk Island, to the same distance and in the same manner as is generally thought right for inhabited islands elsewhere in the world. ‘3. That the people of Norfolk Island should be formally acknowledged to possess the right to give consent or withhold consent on any constitution for the island and on any change thereto. ‘4. That Norfolk Island should be formally acknowledged to have the sole right to levy taxes and other imposts on the island, and the sole right to determine how such monies raised on the island shall be spent through a representative body elected solely by the electors of the island.’

Norfolk’s craggy coastline ... Pitcairners demand control of the surrounding seabed

Pacific Islands Monthly Ffrri Ia Pv I Q7O

LONGINES ORIS SPEAKING ABOUT - Presumably you go to the Baker to buy bread, not to the Butcher - Likewise it makes sense to purchase your watch from

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DAncir ICI AM ns MOMTHI Y FEBRUARY. 1979 G

mt Norfolk Manlier Editor: TOM LLOYD

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TEL. 2185. are those involving health, welfare, police and land. ‘The government has promised periodic review with a view towards the growth of powers, and in any such review health and welfare should be passed to the assembly at an early date,’ said Mr Mclntyre. ‘With those items in assembly hands there would be little impediment to making the assembly responsible for all revenue raising. The bill makes it possible to increase the assembly’s powers by adding to Schedules 2 and 3 by regulation, so one doesn’t have to go through the full parliamentary process.’

Councillor Mclntyre said control of air traffic was not likely to be handed over as it was political, and, in any case, it was paid for by Canberra. He added; ‘ln vehemently opposing the Nimmo Report, the islanders sought to obtain guarantees against Australian integration. The present bill is not an unconditional guarantee; it reserves more power to Australia than many islanders would like. It can be changed by any subsequent Australian parliament, and there is nothing in it to stop a later government bent on integration, regardless of the political consequences. ‘But, remembering the promise of further growth of the assembly’s powers, the bill represents a real opportunity for Norfolk Island to establish its political identity in a most forceable way. A good political performance by the assembly would therefore seem to be the best guarantee for the future that the island could have.’

President of Committees of the Norfolk Island Council, Bill Blucher, said in Sydney last month that he would like to have assurances from the Australian Government that it intends to grant self-government to Norfolk Island.

Mr Blucher said he had no doubts about the intentions of the new Norfolk Island Bill and of the Australian Government but these needed to be spelled out to make it clear to everybody that the bill would lead to a transfer of powers. He wants to see powers transferred within five years.

Mr Blucher believes amendments to the bill are required, but not its rejection. ‘The council wants what the people want,’ he said.

Exactly what Norfolk Islanders felt about the bill was not clear in early January.

Controversy was developing but no clear picture had emerged. Mr Blucher read out a precis of the bill at a council meeting on December 13 but there was no discussion. Councillors apparently were waiting to get more public reaction before debating it.

The Norfolk Island News, a monthly newspaper edited by Ed Howard, came out in its December/January issue against the bill, describing it as ‘Australia’s plan to keep Norfolk a colony’. Mr Howard said it was ‘nothing but a rehashed version of the same colonial rule that has caused anguish and protest on Norfolk generation after generation, ever since self-government on the island was crushed in 1896’. He demanded that Australia give clear reasons why it thought the bill benefited the island.

Bill Blucher . . . wants to see power transferred in five years

«S* e wj \\° \o \o< S c ° xs p B a<*> Wl4®® X „«*** < e< ' 6 „<■■ aS ?,o* 3 ' AeX° x p O- ?' oP ' \o' xaN LOOKING BACK IN PRIDE Australia is spending $1.25 nillion over five years on resoration and preservation of listoric buildings in the Kington area of Norfolk Island.

Kingston is unique as a Georgian military establishnent in an Arcadian setting, mhindered by later developnent. And Norfolk’s people dm to keep it that way. Contois on building on the green, oiling hills overlooking King- ;ton are designed to keep the vhole area free of intrusions. :t’s unfortunate that one or two :yesores were built before the xmtrols operated, but public ippreciation of Kingston’s irchitectural heritage is now growing to the extent that publie opinion may eventually force major modifications to these buildings, if not their demolition. Appreciation of Norfolk’s heritage is only fairly recent. For many years islanders tended to regard the convict buildings as representing a shameful aspect of the island’s past. They were allowed to fall into ruin, or demolished to use their stone elsewhere.

The Australian Government scheme, which is now almost complete, has resulted in the restoration of the public buildings and cottages in Quality Row. Most spectacular has been the restoration of the old military barracks on the Rooty Hill Road comer which will be finished in the next two or three months. Stone cottages farther along Quality Row have also been restored. All interiors are being finished in true Georgian colours greys and pinks. The Sydney firm of restoration architects directing the work, Philip Cox and Partners, are furnishing some of the buildings with original period furniture. It is planned to make this area a living museum. The buildings are being lived in and used. One of the recentlyrestored and furnished, houses is occupied by a government medical officer and his family.

Administrator D. V.

O’Leary, who takes a keen interest in the architectural restoration, hopes he can keep together the team of 22 artisans plus sub-contractors who have been doing the work. ‘lf we are not restoring we should be maintaining,’ he said. There is work to be done almost indefinitely.’

Something new is always turning up. Restoration of the old barracks has revealed the original convict built stone drains, in excellent order. Excavations around the old crank mill on the seafront have uncovered dressed stone piers wich may indicate the building was erected over something earlier.

The restoration of buildings goes hand in hand with conservation of other aspects of the island. John Anderson, president of the Norfolk Conservation Society, wants to see the whole island on the register of the Australian Heritage Committee. The society is pressing for a positive programme of park control with professional rangers, and particularly the development of the Mount Pitt reserve as a national park. ‘Norfolk Island has had its bonanza,’ said a local businessman. ‘lt’s over. I’m an environmentalist and I don’t want Norfolk exploited.’ lan McGilllvray, Philip Cox’s supervising architect, inspects convict drains recently uncovered 44

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

Of Convicts, Cows And

Meadow Cake Custodians

In the days when Norfolk Island was a penal colony it was said that a prisoner, if given the choice, would prefer to hang by his neck than by his thumbs since only the former would bring release from temporal miseries, writes Alan Gill.

The contrast between past and present is one of the island’s ironies.

The convict section of the colonial cemetry is a major tourist attraction, as are the inscriptions on later graves recording the hardships faced by the Bounty settlers from Pitcairn.

Everyone has their own favourite inscription, and the serious visitor should not be without a copy of R.

Nixon Dalkin’s “Colonial Era Cemetery of Norfolk Island.”

It seems not all convicts led such a hard life. I was intrigued by the inscription: “John Atkinson, prisoner of the crown, constable at Government House. Died while fishing for the commandant. This stone is erected by Major Thomas Ryan to mark his deep sorrow at the sad event.”

One of the first things the new visitor notices about Norfolk is the absence of heavy motor traffic. Hire cars are a must (and, thankfully, cheap) because of the absence of public transport.

Another immediately discernible feature is the cows, which are everywhere on the island and in view of their lawn-mowing capacities considered sacrosanct. There is an automatic fine of $2OO if a motorist hits a cow (a lesser sum for a human).

The cows leave evidence of their presence in other directions. Football teams have a “meadow cake custodian” who cleans up the field before a game.

On Anniversary Day (black mark if you call it Bounty Day) I photographed Island children placing wreaths on the graves of their ancestors.

On the way to the cemetery they chatted away in Norfolk (black mark again if you call it ‘Norfolkese’). I switched on my portable tape recorder, hidden from their view, and gained an additional memento of my stay.

For sociological reasons, partly connected with shyness, decorum, and a feeling that the language is “some form of Pidgin”, most islanders are unwilling to “talk Norfolk” for the benefit of tourists.

Vistors may, however, buy a number of tapes and records of Norfolk Island hymns and songs, including a delightful record, “Beautiful Norfolk Island”, produced recently by Eric Jupp and his orchestra.

Pet names are applied to several trees and beauty spots on Norfolk.

There is the “Pop up” tree, where a prominent islander popped the question to his girl friend, and the “Tree of knowledge” to which news bulletins (in the days before Norfolk had its own weekly papers) were attached.

Another tree is called “Quintal’s tree” as the result of an incident several years ago. It appears that a certain John Quintal, who was religiously inclined, was strolling through a wooded area where he stopped and offered a plea for divine guidance.

A local youth, who had climbed a tall tree in search of a bird’s nest, witnessed the incident and called out in a loud voice: “Quintal go and jump in that muddy hole,” whereupon Quintal dutifully obeyed what he assumed was the Lord’s command.

Another resident (now deceased) had not one tree named after her but 100. The planting of 100 trees near the main road linking the Burnt Pine shopping area with Kingston marked the 100th birthday of “Aunt Jemimah” Nobbs.

Norfolk Island is only five miles long by three miles wide, or, as the editor of the Norfolk Islander, Tom Lloyd, puts it, “five minutes by three minutes” a reference to the speed with which news and gossip travels.

During a Sunday sermon the Roman Catholic parish priest, Father Des Scanlon, flung a book by Hans Kung at his congregation’s feet to indicate his dislike of views expressed by the trendy Swiss-German theologian. The story had travelled from one end of Norfolk to the other before the priest had finished speaking.

The various denominations continue to have a strong influence on Norfolk life. The Methodist Church, which should under church law be called the Uniting Church, was faced with the problem that there were no Presbyterian or Congregational churches to unite with.

As a result the church now calls itselt the “Uniting Church in Australia in Norfolk Island, incorporating the Methodist Church”.

With the exception of the “meadow cake” problem and a penchant for throwing discarded rubbish (including cars) over the Headstone, islanders are generally pollution-conscious and realise the “escapist” appeal of Norfolk in a jaded, over-crowded world. Last year the swimming area at Emily Beach became clogged with stones.

A resident, Charlie Strauss, hit on the idea of making every visitor and bather remove a stone from the area as the cost of entry.

Although Norfolk is visited daily by air services from mainland Australia and New Zealand, the phrase “When the boat comes in” still has special meaning.

Cargo ships, which unload cars, horses, crates, and humans, arrive regularly and drop anchor (according to weather conditions) at Cascade or Kingston, a short distance beyond the reef.

Watching large objects, such as buses, being unloaded onto lighterage vessels (longboats) and towed through the reef, is a visual feast on which tourists justifiably expose vast quantities of film. In between these activities, the wharfies chat amiably with visitors. Despite primitive conditions I was told that the wharfies’ output per man was double that of their Sydney counterparts.

Islanders can be frank as well as polite. When the Queen visited the island in 1974 the first visit by a reigning monarch she appeared hesitant (there was a rough sea) about climbing ashore at Kingston jetty. After a seemingly long delay a voice among the welcoming party called out; “Are you coming then?”

The Queen took the hint and boldly disembarked.

Stained glass window in Saint Barnabas’ church 45 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

Trmin& Post

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Keeping a tight rein on tourism Will the upgrading of air seri vices to Norfolk Island, to bring in more visitors, result in destroying the environment that attracts the visitors in the 1 first place? It’s a familiar problem in the Islands and Norfolk is currently faced with it.

Norfolk is served by three scheduled airlines East-West Airlines, operating a daily return service from Sydney ; with specially-equipped Fokker 27 500 turbo-prop aircraft, Air New Zealand, f operating regular F27s usually I four days a week from Auckland, and Norfolk Island f Airlines, operating nine flights | weekly between Norfolk and Brisbane in a small but fast Beechcraft Super King Air 200 turbo-prop.

East-West is the major airline, carrying twice the traffic that Air New Zealand does from Auckland. Most tourists and most air freight originate in Australia.

East-West began its Norfolk Island service two years ago, purchasing two aircraft for SAS million especially for the route.

Being 1676 km from Sydney and 1063 km from Auckland, Norfolk Island is a long-haul route, and the present length and standard of the airport (two runways of 1700 m and 1550 m), control the type of equipment that can be used.

The 52-passenger F 27 is the largest aircraft that can be operated on the route but because of weight restrictions it carries only 36 passengers from Sydney. The aircraft has to have an 80 per cent loading under these conditions to run economically.

The two big Australian domestic airlines, TAA and Ansett, think upgrading of Norfolk’s airport would resolve the problem and they have applied to the Australian Department of Transport, which controls Norfolk’s air services, to operate bigger pure jets on the service from Sydney.

But John Riley, managing director of East-West, says that before big jets could be used there would have to be an expenditure of $4 or $5 million on the Norfolk airport for work which would take several years to complete and be of no advantage to the island. He says this is because there is a limit to Norfolk’s tourist capacity (perhaps a maximum of 25,000 to 30,000 passengers annually 10 years from now), and bigger aircraft of the type TAA and Ansett propose would simply mean reduced frequency of services and environmental damage.

If East-West were permitted to operate a stretch version F2B 4000, or a British Aerospace four-engined 146, each carrying 70-80 passengers, he says frequencies need not be reduced, less complicated runway improvements would cost no more than $2 to $3 million, and the new aircraft would be available for operation even before the improvements were finished.

An announcement is expected any day on the future of Norfolk air services but Mr Riley is fairly confident that East-West will be allowed to continue its service. He points out that East-West has increased the Norfolk-Sydney services from two a week under Qantas (which used a bigger, slower plane) to seven, sometimes eight flights a week, flying faster and above the weather so that only on three occasions within the last two years have the aircraft been unable to land. East-West has also dramatically increased services in the historically weak midwinter period through fare incentives and promotion.

East-West Airlines is an Australia-based domestic airline which operates nine F27s.

It carried 484,000 passengers between Australian airports last year.

Norfolk Island Airlines is based on Norfolk Island a local company with 75 local shareholders, operating Beechcraft Super King Air 200 propjets equipped to international airline standards. They cruise at 480 kph and connect with Brisbane in three hours.

Chairman John Brown sees Norfolk as the hub of services radiating to nearby islands, such as Lord Howe, Fiji and New Caledonia, as well as to New Zealand and Australia.

He says the French in New Caledonia are keen to have the airline regularly service Noumea. It already operates charters to New Caledonia and Fiji. Unfortunately the airline requires Australia’s authorisation before it can operate scheduled services to other countries, and political interests intrude.

Its regular services already connect Norfolk with neighbouring Lord Howe Island, one-and-three-quarter hours away, en route to Brisbane.

The airline has a good working relationship with East-West and offers a package tour from Brisbane to Norfolk with a stopover at Lord Howe, and onward flight from Norfolk to Sydney via East-West Airlines.

Air services to Australia and New Zealand are literally Norfolk Island’s lifeblood. They make tourism possible, and tourism is the island’s one major industry, with 50 per cent of the workforce engaged wholly or largely in it.

Norfolk Island has always attracted some tourists, but the present development of the industry began after the first scheduled air services to Norfolk were started (in 1947) by Qantas. Until about 1960 the island’s economy was based mainly on subsistence farming, but from 1960 there was a period of rapid tourist traffic growth, with tourists increasing from 3000 a year in 1961 to 19.000 by 1974.

To June 30, 1978, there were 20,620 tourist arrivals, nearly 12.000 from Australia, 7000 from New Zealand and the rest on charter flights from elsewhere. Arrivals by sea are minute.

The figures for 1979 should be considerably higher, despite the fact that Professor Gilbert Butland, who made a longterm population study of Norfolk Island in 1974, suggested that to avoid destroying the ecology of the island, 20,000 tourists a year is the desirable maximum. He also envisaged a permanent population of 2000 by 1983, and a growth rate of 2% a year thereafter.

Mr Justice Nimmo in his royal commission report of 1976 thought that maximum East-West Airlines Fokker Friendship on Norfolk .. . dramatic increase in services 47

’Acific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

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Agents in Auckland: Sofrana Unilines, 42 Customs St., phone 773 279.

Agent in Lord Howe Island: Clive Wilson.

Agents in Norfolk Island: AUCKLAND WELLINGTON South Pacific Shipping Company (N. 1.) Limited Telephone 2131,2018

a great Norfolk Island feature •yr pj p every Tuesday from 7.30 pm Commandant’s Dinner In person Guitarist/Folksinger Don Reynolds sings the songs and chanteys of old Norfolk. at The Garrison Restaurant phone 2073

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Ramblers Guide to Norfolk Island. tourist figure might have to be ■ revised but he warned that the views of experts like Professor Rutland should not be disregarded lightly.

Certainly the trend of expert advice in recent years is that the island must avoid the ‘boom mentality’ that will cause congestion of the island’s resources. This can best be done by restricting arrivals and accommodation on the island to acceptable limits. So far this has happened without there having to be a firm official policy, but the point is probably quickly being reached where a firm plan has to be adopted and policed.

Justice Nimmo stressed the [ vital importance of tourism to Norfolk’s economy, and commented: ‘Norfolk’s main charms are the scenic beauty of its land and seascapes, the rustic tranquillity of its environ- I ment, the historical interest of its past, its superb fishing grounds and the lowduty shopping opportunities.

Clearly, for the island to have any economic future it must be based on this tourist industry.

No other viable alternative is at present predictable. ‘lf any circumstance caused the cessation or serious reduction of the tourist industry, hundreds of residents would have to leave the island or face a near-subsistence type of living. The island would be unable to pay for its imported necessities and a large part of its essential services. In such a precarious situation, it behoves policy makers and administrators alike to do nothing which may place the tourist industry in jeopardy or even cause its downturn.’

In support of this view, the administration has continued a programme of restoration and maintenance of historic buildings, moved for higher standards of new building control and town planning, and supported the continuance of lowduty shopping.

But one of the difficulties so far about Norfolk’s dependence on tourism is the lack of reliable information about just what tourists spend, what they spend it on, and the distribution of the money in the Norfolk economy.

A clearer picture of the anatomy of tourism will be available shortly as a result of the Norfolk Island feasibility study being conducted for the Australian Government by Professor R. C. Gates, vicechancellor of New England University, NSW, with the assistance of Professor M. Treadgold, Professor of Economics at the University.

For one month in November-December all air passengers departing from Norfolk Island were asked to fill in a form giving details of their expenditure on the island, including accommodation, meals, transport and tax-free goods. The information was given anonymously, and the facts are being put through a computer. The picture they give will be included in a wider report on the island’s economy which Professor Gates expects to submit to the government in mid-February.

Preliminary work on the visitor expenditure has confirmed the major importance of the tourist industry and indicates that individual tourists spend greater sums on the island than has been realised.

The feasibility study also includes a detailed census of the Norfolk population, held on October 24. Apart from the usual questions about age, marital status and housing, Norfolk Islanders were asked to disclose their income from all sources, whether they were of Pitcairn descent, whether they had life assurance or pensions of any kind, what food was produced within the household, such as vegetables, milk, meat and fish and whether they gave any of their foodstuffs free to friends and neighbours. The questions were aimed at finding out more about the islanders’ life style.

The economic census of business enterprises that has been done as part of the economic study should give a more reliable picture of tourism’s importance to local commerce, and the Gates report is awaited with great interest.

°Acific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

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TROPICALITIES USP: agent of change in Niue University of the South Pacific extension service centres have brought to isolated communities a keen taste of what tertiary education is all about. No correspondence course or school of the air can give to a student the sense of belonging as can a solid brick structure and human and present instructors.

The efficiency of these extension service centres is soon to be enhanced when scheduled video satellite services become fully operational.

The USP’s centre on Niue, with Jan Bundy as director, is an example of the worth of the university’s determination to make itself useful in both an academic and practical sense beyond the boudaries of its Laucala Bay campus in Suva.

Two projects carried out over the past two years at the Niue centre speak for themselves as inspirations for the preservation and development of Niuean culture.

On Niue, the more generally known tapa cloth is termed hiapo. But, since the advent of European cloth in the early 1920 s hiapo- making has become a ‘lost art’, says Jan Bundy.

This is a surprising development since, in Niue, as elsewhere in the Pacific skills are handed down within families over generations. In recent years, on Niue, along with an eye to economic independence, has grown the desire to reexplore ‘lost culture’ perhaps in search of a national identity.

The centre tried to find a Niuean who would be able to run a hiapo workshop but those who were found were too frail to beat for long and couldn’t remember the different stages of the work.

A competition was held in 1977 attracting five entrants two of them men. The ata bark is used on Niue because there are few paper mulberry trees on the island. The entries were very coarse in finish, partly due to the bark not being stripped carefully beforehand and to the beaters and beating being inadequate. Local dyes from the tuitui tree were used for colouring.

The centre maintained its efforts to encourage a hiapomaking revival, providing all the information it and the community education officer had at their disposal. The information was disseminated by radio and newsletter and demonstrations were given on market days in the centre of Alofi, the capital. The USP centre made bark and beaters available thus allowing the old as well as the young to try their hand. Techniques of pasting with pia root glue and dyeing with brown (tuitui bark), black (tuitui nut) and yellow (tumeric) were taught. The main source of reference making the demonstrations possible was Tapa in Polynesia by Simon Kooijman.

It was a worthwhile exercise. The next competition had to be broken into four classes - wall panels, bags, maps of Niue and garments and there were more than 30 entries. The result saw a mixture of traditional and modern design, the latter refreshingly original.

Hiapo- making is on the way back on Niue.

While the art of hiapo illustrates the USP’s role in reviving the traditional, the national poetry competition staged last year by the USP centre played a role in consolidating this medium as a form of expression for ideas new and old.

The competition has resulted in a roneoed book entitled Modern Niuean Poetry which provides, in Jan Bundy’s words, ‘an insight into life and thought on Niue today’. Here are a few samples.

From The Place of Nomore by Easter Togiamana, post office trainee: Now spoiled by sewerage and pollution that flow like river from the city.

Sadly to see my homep/ace, now was a place of nomore. . .

From Modern Life by Easter Togiamana: Nowhere else to be seen old as things becomes new and strange and change the image of people Likes the girls down the Alofi street was sweet with perfume and makeups Some lookalike highly cost apples the lipsticks on their face.

Many painted their eyelids with colours that shows a rainbow pattern Those who like it this way spoil their beautiful face. . .

An Englishment of a brown colour In a fine suit that holds his money was full of alcoholic and chatter in broken English. . .

Forefathers Sunday they kept holy The sixth generation Break all promises.

From Who am I? by Phyllis Matinua, student: Mama taught me how to respect Papa taught me how to fish Nana taught me how to conserve And Grandpa taught me how to build Mama taught me not to love A man worth not a bag of rice But love a man worth a tonne of taro Just in case of a drought A copy or an original piece of hiapo made on Niue about a century ago and now in the Melbourne Museum . . . present-day Niuean bagweavers still use these designs. Photo: Ron Delgrosso A replica of the Niuean hiapo pondhero dress of a chief’s daughter . . . the original was given to the Peabody Museum, Harvard, US, in 1869. Photo: Ron Delgrosso Hiapo cloth bag in yellow and black . . . woven inside. Photo: Ron Delgrosso 51

Pacific Islands Monthly - February Iq7Q

Sun Flower’s mackerel & tuna tops in flavor and convenience ,N natural **Joi light meat Saihara &Co v Ltd Osaka, Japan.

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

Offers to purchase one or more of the following vessels are invited .. . at Lae, in the Morobe Province.

To be sold on an "as is, where is" basis. No warranties as to specification, condition or otherwise can be given.

U. Conway, Hancock & Offner

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Papa taught me how to dig a hole Just in case he said i You'd marry a fly When you should marry an earth worm . . .

White is for papalagi Uli is for Niuean Knife and fork is for papalagi Matalima is for Niuean.

Table is for papalagi floor is for Niuean Me-don-no-how-to-spiki-ingilisi Niue fia palagi.

From Coming to School by P.

A. Funaki, fifth former: At lunch time I've to stared At the children eating happily But poor me all I have to do is to Drink a lot of water To fill up my hungry stomach At period 6 I was very weak I didn't hear anything The teacher said I was very hungry to worry about School work . . .

When I reach home I was sick I think to myself Am I using my parents hard time Buying new uniforms, foods for me Ami going to pay that back or I am wasting My time going to school It's better to stay home Rather than wasting my parents time.

Birtha Lisimoni’s Twentieth Century perhaps tells us more about modern Niuean poetry than any other offering in the book. Predicatable it may be.

But somehow it embodies the torment which must afflict the Island mind when expressing its thoughts, not just in English, but in a fast-changing world in which the time available to pick the good from the bad is concertina-ed into a space, the like of which the Westerner, in his lethargic 2000-year advance to ‘modernity’, never had to suffer.

Culture What does it mean A dying custom coconut leaves Kerosene took advantage Ti-pa-io cancelled by funkie boogie dances Beauty spots A Itered for safety They say So why pollute ancient caves Tourist attraction beaches But it’s all Progress Customs Forgotten for ever Progress dominates Change in Inevitable Nature Soon to be destroyed Space age Has arrived Try to preserve At least a custom The rhyme, metre and unorthodox approach may leave the purists perplexed, but Niue, through USP publishing, is now on the map as a source of poetry. We look forward to publishing some of the entries in this year’s national Niue poetry competition.

An inspiration to all beer-drinkers Apia’s brewery caused quite a ferment in Western Samoa.

There were, of course, many against (who made a lot of noise) and many for (who were willing to sit and wait to taste the local brew).

But when the brewery was opened in November at least one man had got the whole thing into perspective Father Louis Beauchemin, a French- American Catholic priest, who has been in Samoa more than half a century. His feelings were eloquently expressed in a prayer he delivered at the opening ceremony, a translation of which appeared in the government newspaper Savali.

Here it is: ‘Let us pray: God, our loving Father, we are here gathered in your name, not just two or three but many, and we know that you are present in this gathering. And as we reflect, in your presence, on the condition of our human existence, which you took upon yourself in your Son Jesus Christ, we realise that life is not tidy, that life is often ambiguous a mixture of good and bad. ‘Father, we have come together for the opening of this industrial plant geared principally to the brewing of beer, a product which is good and also bad. ‘We are aware of its goodness when used in moderation to enhance the taste of food; to relax after heavy work; to meet with friends and relatives; to reduce tension; and to foster fellowship with other people. ‘But again, we remember how bad it can be, when wrongly used. We think of the many people in our hospitals, injured and maimed in drunken brawls and motor accidents brought on by drunken drivers. We think of people in our jails for crimes induced by drink. We recall the many women, enslaved to alcoholic husbands. We remember husbands and wives broken apart through drink; the children scattered; and houshold furnishings broken to pieces. when the father of the family is a drunkard, and, worse still, when both father and mother are in the habit of getting drunk. ‘Father, such thoughts frighten us, and we pray that this elaborate plant, brought here from far away, may not become a scourge to our tiny is| and h ° me ' We pray for all those responsible for the functioning of this plant that they be inspired to take all precautions and safety measures to protect our workers from injury and health hazards. May they honestly avoid polluting our life-giving lagoon, ‘Also we pray that no advertisements be put over the air, or in newspapers, urging people to drink the beer, especially the youth of our coinmunities, lest, come the day, governments and companies from overseas will take advantage of our little country, when all our own people may have become alcoholics, ‘Finally, Father, we ask you to inspire all who drink beer, to do so in strict moderation, May others, too, be inspired to abstain altogether, as a witness and a help to those who have a weakness, ‘Father, do receive this dedication prayer for the sake of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, Amen, g In© ObnOXIOUS’

Dr Bussell Julio Akapito, Truk representative in the Interim Congress of Micronesia, has described as ‘horribly obnoxious’ comments

Pacific Islands Monthly - Ferruary Iq7Q

TROPICALITIES

by Dr George Bussell, chief of the federal feeding programmes in the US Trust Territory of the Pacific.

According to Micronesian News Service, the remarks appeared in a story by United Press International reporter Frederick H. Marks which was published on October 22 in the Honolulu Star Bulletin and Advertiser. Marks’ story focused on US feeding programmes in Micronesia. Of particular offence to Akapito was an alleged quote from Bussell regarding local Micronesian leaders who were against the programmes: ‘lt is part of the old tribal system . . . if you keep them dumb, you can control the people’ Bussell was quoted as saying. ‘Mr Speaker, and my good colleagues, a statement like this concerning our good leaders is at the very least horribly obnoxious, given the fact that our leaders, be it before or now, are trying all their best and with all their might to serve the best interest of our people,’ Mr Akapito said. ‘1 would like to declare, not only for the record but also for heaven and earth to know, that such an attitude as indicated by such a statement is not only totally unacceptable, but, more importantly, it is a defamation of the character of our leaders and a terrible gesture of disrespect to our Micronesian people.’ He urged TT authorities to look into the matter and take proper action’.

In his story, Marks noted it was strange that just as the United States is trying to end its control over Micronesia, the federal government has initiated a programme to provide free food to 86 000 of the 130 000 Micronesians.

Bussell told Marks in the interview: ‘The programme *ives to the people who have ittle or no resources the basic staples so they can survive. As [ see it, as an administering juthority, we have certain responsibilities to these people.’

Bussell said that due to lack of m economic base the people ire faced with a high cost of mported goods, including 'ood. ‘There are malnutrition lyndromes,’ Bussell added.

Conceivably we should allow these people to die? The economic issue we are talking about is that we’ve got 125 000 people who basically live on subsistence. Material goods are dear, and they can’t survive by themselves.’

Bussell said that only one in 12 islanders is a wage-earner and that people just don’t have the money to feed themselves as they have been accustomed to being fed. On the question of what would happen after 1981 when the trusteeship is ended. Bussell said: ‘What is going to happen is that the people at the top will get what they want for themselves, and the people at the bottom will ■be where they have been for centuries .’

Bussell said that because of the treatment of the islands by the US Government, the Micronesians will have difficulty in becoming self-reliant.

Bussell said that a banana grown in South America could be brought into Guam, 150 km south of Saipan, for less than a banana grown in the Micronesian islands because the US Government had given South American countries preferential status with regard to agricultural products. Of opposition on the part of local leaders to the food programme, Bussell said: it is part of the old tribal system ... if you keep them dumb, you can control the people.’

True Tongan home for visitors Tonga Visitors’ Bureau has a new home in Nukualofa a building in distinct Polynesian style built with financial assistance from Australia and costing around ST4S 000.

The artwork of Tongan craftsmen is strongly featured.

The roof was the inspiration of Saia Katoa, a Tongan builder of Kolovai. The overall design was by Jim Watts, a works ministry architect, and local craftsmen were supervised by Soane Tokolahi, the department’s foreman and carpenter.

The entrance to the building is flanked by two carved pillars presented to Tonga by New Zealand, the work of three Tongans, ’Ata’ata Pomoe’e, Timote Tukutukunga and Sitiveni Kioa, who attended a 1976 carving school held by a New Zealand carving specialist, ’lnia Te Wiata. Four different local woods have been used in the construction.

A new bureau became necessary when the former offices were badly damaged in the major earthquake which jolted Tonga in mid-1977.

Fijiese or what are we? ‘What are we?’ asked the headline on a letter to the editor in the Fiji Times recently. H. J.

Tomkins of Lami, near Suva, with thoughts running along the lines of those of Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, penned these lines in the hope of setting citizens of Fiji thinking: ‘Sir, I am British. Thou art Australian. He is French. She is New Zealand (or a New Zealander). It is Japanese. We are Welsh. You are Swedish.

But they are Norwegian and the others are Pakistani. So, please, what is the adjective of nationality for Fiji? Fiji?

Fijian? Or can we invent Fijiese, Fijini, Fijiish or Fijish?

And what, pray, is a Fijian Melanesian, Polynesian, Micronesian, Rotuman, Banaban? Do we export Fiji sugar or Fijian sugar? Words can be a barrier to understanding.’

Reviving a dying canoe tradition The art of building drua (double-hulled canoes) is being revived in Fiji by villagers of Kaikeleyaga, Kabara, in the Lau Islands. They are building a 16 m vessel entirely of native materials, the biggest since the turn of the century. The drua will be sailed to Orchid Island near Suva for permanent display.

Ten-year target for new college Western Samoa plans to turn out enough graduates in the next 10 years from its newlyopened Secondary Teachers’

Training College at Malifa to staff the nation’s 19 junior high schools, thereby reducing education department dependence on expatriate teaching staff.

The Australian Government is helping the college, through the Macquarie University in Sydney, New South Wales, by supplying teachers and advisers. The initial intake of students was 20 with a planned annual intake of 50. each student undertaking a threeyear course.

Australia’s library to the rescue The National Library of Australia has proved a valuable friend to Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs over the years. Many a time it has come to the rescue when the department has been searching around for a way in which to fulfil a request from overseas sometimes for information only, sometimes for something much more material.

New Hebrides is now in line for a gift from the library. The New Hebrides Cultural Centre asked Australia’s foreign affairs people if they could help in building up the centre’s new photographic archive.

National Library to the rescue: 100 photographs taken in the New Hebrides 73 years ago are now on their way to Vila. Most of the photographs were taken by one J. W. Beattie who visited the islands in 1906 in the Melanesian Mission yacht, Southern Cross.

The new visitors’ bureau ... the work of Tongan specialists 54

Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

TROPICALITIES

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BOOKS

A Big And Bold

Story Of New

Guinea’S Skies

In my 1973 review of James Sinclair’s Sepik Pilot, the bi- | ography of Wing-Commander Bobby Gibbes, I said that Sinclair was working on a history of civil aviation in Papua New Guinea and that, ‘given ; his growing reputation as a writer, his easy style, and with the proviso that this further book is adequately researched, then it should be a really I worthwhile and long overdue contribution to the history of Papua New Guinea’.

In the event, Sinclair has excelled himself in his story of how the aeroplane developed New Guinea from the early 1920 s to the time of the Japanese invasion in January 1942.

The concept of this thoroughly researched work seems to me to be ‘bigness’.

The book itself is big 11 cm x 9 cm and weighing 1.6 kg comprising 326 pages, 220 000 words, and more than 160 illustrations. The subject itself is big, and, for their day and age, even some of the aircraft: the Junkers, Fords, DH Hercules and the Handley Page Hampstead. Above all, the men (and the few women) Sinclair writes about were, metaphorically, big.

If ever there was a pioneering venture which needed bighearted, courageous individuals, on the ground and in the air, then New Guinea 1920 to 1942 provided the classic venue. One cannot look at the photographs of some of these men and not feel they were somehow special, courageous and possessed of a sense of purpose that would lead some of them to fortune, some to fame, and some to their graves. Random examples would be lan Grabowsky, ‘Pard’ Mustar, Grm Denny, Harry Downing, Mick Leahy, Ivan Champion, and Aub Koch.

When I arrived in Salamaua n 1936, as a raw youth, to work or W. R. Carpenter, many of he events portrayed by Sinclair had already taken place. Nevertheless, the ensuing 3‘/ 2 years to the beginning of World War II brought me into contact with many of Sinclair’s characters. These influences eventually led me to a career in aviation, albeit the military version.

Sinclair’s main source of material was the near 1700 typewritten pages of lan Grabowsky’s unfinished history of aviation in New Guinea. Grabowsky died before he could complete his task.

At the instigation of civil aviation authorities, Sinclair took up the torch. He worked over Grabowsky’s mass of material and, in doing so, has been generous in his praise of Grabowsky’s contribution to aviation in New Guinea and to his own completed work.

Sinclair also seems to have tapped every known source to ensure that his book is as complete and factual as humanly possible. He has interviewed survivors of those early days pilots, prospectors, explorers, company men and corresponded widely in his search for information.

He treats his vast subject cleverly and not on a strictly chronological basis. He deals first with the development of the rich Morobe goldfields and then goes on, in Part 2, to the other varied and related aspects of the story. In doing so he has woven into his tale not only the history of aviation development but also the vital part played by prospectors, officers of the Australian colonial administration, company entrepreneurs and others.

The excitement of the race to be the first to operate aircraft from the coast to the goldfields is re-captured in the section dealing with the early Mustar and Ray Parer days; the farreaching vision of C.J. Levien and others in their efforts to raise capital for the new and risky enterprises; the formation of Guinea Airways Ltd (GAL) in late 1927; and the birth and growth of the numerous other smaller aviation ventures, many doomed to failure.

All are dealt with in absorbing detail. Few would realise that Guinea Airways, subsequently to develop into New Guinea’s largest aircraft operator, tried to sell out its interests as early as 1928. The board of GAL took some odd decisions over the years and certainly adopted a most parsimonious attitude at times to some of its loyal employees of long standing.

The years of argument about the building of a road into the goldfields; the fantastic tonnages, world records, of freight and passengers carried by air in the 19305; the saga of the formation and development of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd; all contribute to make this an outstanding study of modern history.

Air transport in New Guinea achieved almost unbelievable records. In the eight years from 1922 to 1929 all of the air services of the Australian Commonwealth lifted only 232 tons of freight. By comparison, Guinea Airways lifted nearly this total in the two months of December 1929 and January 1930, without any subsidies.

And in the two years and two months between December 1, 1927 and January 31, 1930 the company lifted 1302 tons of freight and 2792 passengers. In the financial year ending February 1932 the company moved 3947 tons of freight and 2607 passengers. These figures can be brought into context by comparing them with the total air freight service tonnages of other countries in 1931: United States 513 tons; United Kingdom 649 tons; France 1508 tons; Germany 2175 tons, In the mid and late 1930 s the three tri-motored Junkers G 3 Is, operated by Guinea Airways on behalf of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd, were setting some amazing records: 1936-37 1585 flights, 4513 tons of freight; 1937-38 1829 flights, 5248 tons; 1938-39 1857 flights, 5297 tons, Gold won in the Morobe District in 1937-38 was $A3.71 million and in 1938-39 $4,264 million. The heaviest single item lifted was a dredge tumbier shaft weighing 7550 pounds, nearly four short tons.

By any standards, these were staggering figures for the pre- World War II period, It was curious that, despite Guinea Airways depot at Waum, near Wewak, 1935

3 Acific Islands Monthly Ffrriiary Iq7Q

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and Books on the Pacific, the tremendous and rapid advances taking place in aviation in New Guinea, the civil aviation authorities in Melbourne took years to establish effective on-the-spot control over the burgeoning industry.

It was 1934 before Max Allen was based in New Guinea and was able to bring a much needed measure of order and control to many aspects of aviation. Allen and his successor, Jim Collopy, did sterling work.

Some of Sinclair’s material is sheer high adventure and romance: the aerial discovery of the magnificent Wahgi Valley - virtually a ‘lost world’; the pitched battles with the fierce and stoutly resisting Highlanders; the rivalry of the Roman Catholic and Lutheran missionaries; the 1936 hanging of prospector Ludwig Schmidt for atrocities against local people; the men who died, most of them violently prospectors (Emile Clarius, Arthur Darling, Helmuth Baum, Bill Naylor), administration officers (Jack Hides and lan Mack, besides many others who were hacked about and survived), missionaries (Fathers Morscheuser, Kirschbaum, Bader and Weyer and Brother Eugene), and pilots (Les Trist, Colin Ferguson, Frank Drayton, Frank Buchanan, Eric Chater, Ron Doyle, and others). A number of pilots survived those adventurous days, only to die in World War II: Kevin Parer at Salamaua, ‘Goff Hemsworth in a Catalina, George Joseph Isaiah Clarke in a Walrus at Dakar, Bob Gurney, Ken Garden, Clive Bernard, Joss Crisp.

The list seems endless.

Most of those who died were big and courageous men. Fortunately, some survived to see out a full life span and we can be thankful for knowing them.

Some did extremely well. A W.

R. Carpenter pilot in 1938, Bert Ritchie, became general manager of Qantas. Others had long and distinguished careers in aviation, such as Ken Jackson and Arch Dunne.

Predictably, the ‘characters’ show through: ‘Crashum and Bendum’ Mendham; Eric Weine, notorious goldfields dentist and pugilist whose terrific fist fight in the early days with the later famous film actor Errol Flynn left Weine minus half an ear - bitten off; ‘Bat- JUS2; the single-engined Junkers W 34; and the 3-engined Ford.

There were some odd, single types, frequently unsuitable or uneconomic: the lumbering Handley Page Hampstead; the DH66 Hercules; Ray Parer’s early Junkers W 33 (The Lady Lettie’) with wire-spoked wheels; and the smaller Avions, Gulls, Genaircos, Shrimps, Stinsons, Sikorskys, Wacos and Widgeons.

The chapter entitled War deserves special mention. It recounts a number of epic, extremely dangerous and tling’ Ray Parer (if ever a man deserved to die in an air crash it was Parer - but he didn’t); and Charles Lexius Burlington ‘Burlington Bertie’.

The aircraft of the period ranged from bizarre and unlikely to highly successful. To have been associated with many of these types and to have seen them in action and flown in some was a neverto -be - forgotten experience.

There was the famous De Havilland range: the DH4, 9, 37, 50, 60 (Moth), 84 (Dragon), 61 (Giant Moth), 83 (Fox Moth), and 86 (4-engined airliner).

The highly successful range of metal aircraft, advanced for their day and the real workhorses of the goldfields, were the 3-engined Junkers G3l and largely unrecognised air evacuations within and from New Guinea.

The book is beautifully designed and presented. The layout, typescript, attractive dust cover, end-paper photographs, maps and total overall quality are excellent. The photographs are fascinating.

Inevitably a few have deteriorated to an extent which makes quality reproduction impossible but their historical importance requires their inclusion.

The author’s foreword, notes on photographs, epilogue, appendix on airmail, glossary of abbreviations and the very full and complete list of illustrations all contribute to an erudite, well balanced and most readable production, rounded off by a good bibliography and an excelled 16-page index.

I spotted a few minor erron which should be noted: William Dammkohler also gets ‘Dammkohlker’ (p. 22); Pilot Godfrey Ellard Hemsworth was always ‘Goff, not ‘Geoff as in a number of references and the index; the radio direction-finding system referred to on p. 268 and in the index was Belini-Tosi, nol “Tosa’; ‘Luchtraart Maatachappij’ (pp. 277, 305 and index 320) should be ‘Luftvaart Maatschappij’ ‘Maatschappijis correct at p. 278 and the index 322; Burlington Bertie gets ‘Berlington’ at pp. 37 and 52.

To end on a nostalgic note.

Sinclair describes some of the history of a New Guinea ‘workhorse’ aircraft VH-ULE, a DH6OG Moth. This aircraft was flown around the goldfields for many years from 1929 by Lionel Shoppee, was crashed by Kevin Parer at Zenag in 1932, was used by Goff Hemsworth to shuttle out from Otibanda the men wounded in a battle with Kukukuku tribesmen in 1933, was crashed again by ‘Ginger’

Cameron at Roaring Creek in 1935 and again (birdstrike) by Bill Grey near Sunshine in 1936.

During most of 1939 I hired VH-ULE from Arthur Collins at Salamaua at three and four pounds an hour, nearly half my then weekly salary, to build up flying hours toward my commercial licence. Collins was doing the same, but his hire charges were conditioned largely by the fact that in those hard days he couldn’t afford to insure the aircraft. Little VH-ULE was staunch to the end and disappeared, still working, under the Japanese onslaught in early 1942.

James Sinclair deserves the highest praise for his book. It will long remain the definitive history of aviation in that fascinating country and will, hopefully, stimulate some future biographies of some of the men who feature in his writing. R. Nixon Dalkin, retired air commodore and a former administrator of Norfolk Island.

WINGS OF GOLD, How the Aeroplane Developed New Guinea, by James Sinclair, Pacific Publications, Sydney, 1978. $3O.

Pilot Andrew Lang and explorer Frank Hurley with sacrificial pig across the bow of the Curtiss Seagull, in Port Moresby, 1922 58

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

BOOKS

Lament From

NORFOLK’S

Painful Past

K A vivid, first-person account of I the Pacific islands’ most I infamous prison colony, which I festered on lovely Norfolk Island from 1825 until the mid-1850s, has at last been published. It is The Exile's [ Lamentations, a manuscript by [ convict Thomas Cook which has been lying almost un- [ known in the Mitchell Library’s Sydney archives for the | past 50 years.

Historians who have tried to recreate Norfolk’s shameful I ‘second settlement’ era have been able to draw on quite a I reasonable body of official reports and commentaries by men in positions of some authority. But prison life looks | rather different from the convicts’ point of view, and convict writings from the transportation days scarcely exist.

Three letters from Norfolk prisoners were appended to James Backhouse’s Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies in 1835 but those letters were permitted to be sent only on the understanding that they were to be unsealed for reading by the authorities. Not unnaturally, they have written in tones of pious repentance; something less than straight reporting.

Marcus Clarke’s For the Term of His Natural Life has moved generations of readers with its tale of Rufus Dawes, an imaginary prisoner on Norfolk.

But Clarke didn’t arrive in this part of the world until seven years after the prison had been shut down and Norfolk had been handed over to the Pitcairn people as a new homeland.

Thomas Mortlock’s Experiences of a Convict has been the best substantial account from a prisoner’s viewpoint. It has two touching chapters dealing with his 1844-46 term on Norfolk.

The publication of Thomas Cook’s Lamentations is thus a powerful addition to a scant literature.

Cook got into trouble with the law for helping to compose an anonymous threatening letter designed to scare and worry a cranky older resident in the little town of Whitchurch, England. Eighteen at the time, he was sentenced to 14 years transportation to New South Wales.

He was promptly subjected to savage treatment and conditions as a member of road gangs working west of Sydney.

Believing that his punishment was far out of proportion to his crime, he rebelled and escaped.

He was quickly caught and sent to Norfolk Island where second offenders were shipped to be broken in 1836.

He spent five years on the island, mostly as a convict clerk and overseer. His record was good and he was returned to New South Wales in 1841. He disappeared shortly afterward - perhaps escaping to England or France forever.

At Norfolk he had found spare hours (as well as paper and ink) with which to record his story in a fine Spencerian hand. The first 30 pages or so of his newly-published account tell of his trial, imprisonment and convict experiences in New South Wales. Most of the rest of the slim volume is about the brutality, prison politicking, attempted escapes and social psychology of the ‘ocean hell’ the Colonial Office had ordered set up on Norfolk.

Cook has a great deal to say in praise of the famous prison reformist, Alexander Maconochie, who was in charge at Norfolk from 1840 to 1844. When Cook left the island he left his manuscript with Maconochie who apparently took it back to England with him in 1844. In 1929 the Mitchell Library bought it in London for £250.

Cook was convinced that Maconochie’s rewarding of good conduct did far more to rehabilitate prisoners than did punishment. ‘The bare contemplation of the lash may act as a check to the commission of many offences with men who have never received it,’ he wrote, ‘whereas the more frequently it is inflicted, the more hardened grows its victim in iniquity, and ultimately braves the utmost severity it is in the power of a summary court to inflict upon him. I have known men who never having received corporal punishment would almost prefer death to the infliction of 100 lashes upon them previous to their removal to Norfolk Island, and I have afterwards frequently seen them under its infliction by the most powerful men at the settlement, with apparent unconcern. In fact this was quite fashionable with almost every lacerated object during my stay there.’

He catalogues the punishments dealt out to six prisoners, whom he names, to illustrate the pre-Maconochie methods.

For one Michael Burns he tallies 21 punishments in two years. Samples: TOO lashes singing a song’; TOO lashes refusing to work being unable from debility’; ‘5O lashes not being able to work and to be kept on bread and water till fit’.

Soon after arriving at Norfolk Cook began to hear the story of the great mutiny of 1834. He hands on this hearsay account in a convincing way.

From there onward he tells about Norfolk as he saw it himself.

In an introduction. Professor A. G. L. Shaw of Monash University says Cook’s Lamentations paints ‘a picture of almost unrelieved horror, but one cannot help wondering how much more credible this is than the very different impression that one derives from the official despatches ... One would like to be able to crossexamine him carefully’.

Yes, and no doubt Thomas Cook, Michael Burns and their fellow-prisoners would like to be able to cross-examine, in their own way, the authors of the official despatches.

The publishers have produced only 1,000 copies of the book, expecting a restricted market. Price-for-size it will strike browsers as 100 expensive, but anyone with a serious interest in transportation or in the fairy-tale-like history of Norfolk Island will have to have it.

The end-papers are almost worth the full price for Norfolk devotees. They reproduce a map of the island, drawn around 1840, which is as littleknown as Cook’s manuscript itself. It includes several dozen place-names, many still in use but many long forgotten. Ed Howard.

The Exile’s Lamentations by Thomas Cook.

Library of Australian History, North Sydney. 120 pp. $l5.

The 'Royal Engineer’s Office’ as It is today . . . Thomas Cook worked in this building for most of his time on Norfolk Island 59 BOOKS

Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

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8 30 35 40 c INDEPENDENCE IST OCTOBER 1978 INDEWUOfWrrTMST OtTOIER 1978

I Independence Tf^

;TUVALU 1978 tBOT ST OCTO Norfolk TUVALU m 10 INDEPENDENCE IST OCT 1978 T UVJfLU Islaqds TUVALU WHAT’S NEW IN ISLAND STAMPS 15'i TUVALU Tuvalu , whose economy depends heavily on stamp revenue, has started its career as an independent nation with two superb issues: a seven-stamp independence set and a four-stamp flora series, both released last October.

Tuvalu’s 1979 programme goes like this: January 24 —fish definitives; February 14 bicentenary of the death of Captain Cook; May 16 fifteenth anniversary of the first air service to Tuvalu; August 20 centenary of the death of Sir Rowland Hill, founder of Britain ’s fenny post ’ and adhesive stamp as we know it today; October 20 International Year of the Child.

Papua New Guinea recently issued a set of five in tribute to the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary.

Norfolk Island’s contribution to Christmas 1978 was a floral series. It also has a two-stamp issue marking the 250th anniversary oj the death of Captain James Cook.

Western Samoa’s Christmas 1978 issue features the art of Albrecht Durer.

Other recent issues include: Solomon Islands commemorating 50 years of scouting; Tonga depicting endangered Tongan wildlife species; Pitcairn Island - illustrating the story of this remote island’s harbour development; Fiji - depicting festivals; and New Hebrides a Christmas issue. m Hi W kite frangipani v * Sir & .* DENCE TOBER

! Papua New Guinea

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61

Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

From the ISLANDS PRESS From a letter to the Norfolk Islander f So, the reason we won’t have Norfolk’s airport upgraded is that the Department of Transport has no money! Balderdash and Poppycock! The reason is simple and glaringly evident. There is no Member of Parliament who will benefit from assistance given to Norfolk as there are no votes here. . . Any person who I believes there is a politician in Australia who will go out of his/her way to do anything for us without politically profiting, are dej luding themselves. . .

From the PNG Government’s Our News Less serious jail sentences have been recommended for people | found guilty of tradition-motivated murder or attempted murder.

The Law Reform Commission. . . wants a maximum penalty of I three years jail sentence prescribed for such offences . . .

From the News Drum, Solomon Islands Some visitors which came to Solomon Islands during the independence celebrations are still in the country. They are the pelican birds believed to have come from Australia. Reports from Star Harbour on Makira said the birds in flocks of 20 to 50, are invading reefs there . . . Reports also say that pelicans have been seen surfing on the reefs.

From the Tohi Tala Niue The peka (flying fox) and the ‘lupe’ (wood pigeon) are considered island delicacies but when one considers the small bird population of the island - the odd 24 600 bullets flying skyhigh throughout the three months is a dismal thought to conservationists. It is just as well, that not all shooters are ‘true shots’ otherwise the island would be bereft of its feathered creatures.

TTN hopes that the government and its people will take a greater interest in the preservation of harmless birdlife and promote the shooting of the ‘kale’ (swamp hen) and wild pigs instead, until such time that our bird population is creditable and then open the season once more but for only short spurts - say one month.

Headline in the Fiji Times Apathy of NZ voters could return Muldoon to office.

Advertisement in the Atoll Pioneer, Gilbert Islands 1974 apple green Toyota Corolla in challenging condition. Engine excellent. Has been looked after with love and affection by Mr May and others. Body work shows signs of oxidization. Good for short journeys Bairiki/Bonriki and to Betio when causeway completed. Glove shelf contains genuine pair of Mike Walsh sunglasses reminiscent of an earlier economic era. Offers around $3OO for the lot .. .

From an advertisement in The Fiji Times: Government notice - Due to improvements to water mains at Brown Street the following areas will be without water.

From the Lae Nius, Papua New Guinea Mr Zonba said he fully supported a statement by the Morobe Interim Provincial Government Secretary, Mr Jerry Nalau, earlier this year that churches had brought divisive elements into Papua New Guinea because their followers felt that each church’s faith was superior to the others. Mr Nalau had urged people in the Morobe Province not to spend their time praying to God for development but that they themselves should think of ways to raise revenues. . .

From a letter to the Arawa Bulletin, Papua New Guinea Arawa Town has now become over-populated with all sorts of creatures, e.g. human beings with no jobs staying with their wantoks, or wandering around the street causing trouble. . . However there is again another population explosion . . . namely dogs which are found ... in packs wandering around destroying garbage drums and walking away with socks or you name it. . . Why can't the council allow the police to do what they did in Rabaul some years ago shoot every dog which is not chained to a house and dump them in to a ready dug up hole.

From New Nation, Papua New Guinea Oh. Papua Niugini. You look like wanpela old man. Your forehead is Sepik, Eye bilong you is Madang, Your nose is Finschhafen, Tupela nostrils bilong you are Markham and Busu rivers. Your mouth is Wara Waria, Your chin is Popondetta, Tip of your maus grass is Samarai, Hap smoke bilong you is New Britain. The older you become, the wiser you will be. Oh Papua Niugini maski look sad. - Uncle S. Mehre , Bugandi High School, Lae.

Coconut Telegraph, Savusavu, Fiji The Fiji consumer needs four pairs of eyes (including an X-ray pair) and an extra sense to warn him when he is being deceived, if he is to avoid the many traps and pitfalls which await him day after day in all areas of consumer buying of goods and services.

We have storekeepers who rob their customers in devious ways, or who calmly take good money for rotten merchandise; market vendors who stack their baskets with the biggest and best on top, the smallest and grubbiest at the bottom . . .

From the Fiji Times At least one Fiji hotel manager thinks room rates here are too high. Martin Livingston, who will run the Skylodge at Nadi, says Fiji is no bargain. In Hawaii $l6 a day will buy you a room for two with colour television and movies in the room, in a hotel with four or five bars, a wide variety of entertainments and all sorts of services you can’t get in Fiji such as an instant valet service. he says. In Fiji for a good hotel with some facilities, although far from matching those in Hawaii, you’ll generally have to pay $2O upward (often more like $3O).

From Island, monthly newsletter of the Institute for Island Research and Assistance.

Do Islands women sometimes ponder why bare brown/black breasts appear quite frequently on the cover of PIM magazine, but never white ones? 63 J ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

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DEATHS of Islands People

Sarvan Singh

A member of the opposition in the Fiji House of Representatives, aged 45. Sarvan Singh was bom in Labasa where he was a practising solicitor. He was a member of the Fiji Senate before entering the lower house in 1974.

L JAMIESON Leo Jamieson, former manager of Tutt Bryant, Port Moresby, in Brisbane. After leaving Papua New Guinea; he retired to Bribie Island, Queensland.

Joseph Anthony

General secretary of the Building Workers Union in Fiji, suddenly, aged 42. Joseph Anthony, also closely associated with charity activities, leaves a widow and six children.

ALEXANDER GRANTHAM Sir Alexander Grantham, often described as one of the finest governors sent by the Colonial Office to Fiji, has died at 79.

He went to Fiji in 1945 after service in Hong Kong, the West Indies and Nigeria. He left Fiji in 1947, returning to Hong Kong as governor.

Paddy Garrett

Sea captain who served on all six vessels of the Cable and Wireless fleet, in Brisbane. At his own request, Captain Garrett’s ashes, his whistles and identification tags, were cast into the sea off Suva by Captain John Killick, master of the cableship Retriever, after a shipboard ceremony conducted by the Rev Winston Halapua of the Anglican Church’s Laucala Bay parish.

J. Boyd Mackenzie

A veteran employee of the administration of the US Trust Territory of the Pacific, in Honolulu, at 60. From 1954 until his death he held a variety of positions in the administration, finally rising to the post of acting high commissioner in 1977. He was known throughout Micronesia for his many brushes with death in aircraft accidents. The esteem in which he was held was demonstrated a few weeks before his death when the Congress of Micronesia conferred upon him and members of his family honorary citizenship of the Trust Territory.

Patrick Murphy

Father Patrick Murphy, coordinator of the Pacific Conference society programme, aged 51, after an accident in Papua New Guinea. Born in Sydney, Father Murphy was ordained in the United States in 1953. After working in the Philippines and India he arrived in Papua New Guinea in 1962 where he founded the Holy Spirit Seminary of the Roman Catholic Church in Lae. Among his students were two prominent Papua New Guineans, Father John Momis and Leo Hannet. He later became editor of the magazine Catalyst, taking radical and controversial stands on social justice in the Pacific. He then served as secretary and adviser to Roman Catholic bishops in Melanesia.

Babs Kongsted

Wife of the Qantas manager in New Caledonia, while scuba-diving. In more than 10 years in New Caledonia, she became an extremely popular figure, renowned for her varied talents, including her pianoplaying and dress-making. She is survived by her husband and two children.

Betty Archibald

Mrs Betty Archibald, 81, at her home, Loganimasi Estate, Savusavu West, Fiji. Mrs Archibald, whose late husband is sometimes credited with being the first to discover gold at Mount Kaisi, was a schoolteacher for many years, mainly in Suva. 3 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY. 1979

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

TRADEWINDS Seabed prospectors waiting for Law of the Sea nod Sowr/z Pacific Island countries will probably have to wait a long time before a share of the wealth from mineral rich nodules on the bed of the Pacific Ocean comes their way, reports Robert Keith-Reid from Suva.

The big trouble, say University of Hawaii scientist Dr James Andrews is that the richest nodule fields are in the northeast Pacific, well outside the 200-mile economic zones which most island nations should have in force this wear.

Test mining of the nodules began in 5500 m of water 1800 km southeast of Hawaii in March last year. But it was soon broken off, not because of lack of success, but because of international political wrangling which may ultimately lead to an indirect windfall from the nodules for the islands.

Ocean Management Inc, a US-West German-Canadian- Japanese consortium operating the experimental sea mining ship Sedco 445, said it was suspending work ‘because of the uncertain outlook for nickel and copper markets, and the uncertainty of the legal and fiscal regimes under which Jeep-sea mining would operite’.

More simply. Ocean Manigement and other consoriums are scared to start mining )n a commercial scale in case hey find their costly, complex hips being seized by an interlational authority which 77 leveloping countries say hould have almost absolute ontrol over seabed mining in ntemational waters.

The nodules are black peao-potato sized lumps of rock ontaining large amounts of upper, nickel, manganese, and obalt and smaller traces of •ther metals. Scattered over tie Pacific in fields of up to undreds of square kilometres n area, they are an almost inxhaustible supply of metals of articular interest to indus- "ialised nations.

Dr Andrews, of the Hawaii nstitute of Geophysics, an oceanographer and geologist with more than a decade of research on the position and structure of the nodules to his credit, says they are formed by the oxidation of minerals from seawater by a natural process which attracts the oxide to ‘grow’ in layers around a core such as a small bit of rock or a shark’s tooth.

Growth is slow about one millimetre every million years, which means that the nodules are anything from 20-million to 50-million years old. They lie at depths from 5500 to 6000 m, sometimes covering 100 per cent of the ocean floor.

According to Dr Andrews, the Pacific, which has most of the significant nodule fields, has had a pretty intensive working-over by research ships.

Fields that the mining companies are interested in have a metal content of 2.5-3% much higher than ore from most land copper and nickel mines.

Nearly all the fields worth mining, as permitted by present technology, are in the northeast Pacific, between Hawaii and Mexico and east of the Line Islands, between five and 15 degrees latitude north and east of the 160 degree longitude line.

About 10 per cent of the total area of the fields is of economic interest at present, ‘but even then we are talking in terms of hundreds of millions of tonnes,’ Dr Andrews says. ‘As metal prices go up or they become scarcer, it will be worth covering more and more of the sea floor area.’

Nodule fields occur in the South Pacific, he says, but for various reasons they do not warrant the huge investment that would be needed to work them. Metal grades are low and mountainous terrain and chasms in the region present mining problems that technology is not yet able to surmount.

The richest South Pacific field, mainly manganesebased, is south of the Cooks, Typical Pacific Ocean nodules with scale bar . . . not so rich south of the equator Nodules as they lie on the sea floor. . . almost inexhaustible 67 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY, 1979

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with nodules having only 0.4% ‘ nickel and 0.3% copper - far I too low to make them viable at I present. f ‘As metal prices rise and ■ mining techniques improve, fields like the Cooks may be- [come feasible,’ Dr Andrews says, ‘but it could take 50 [years.”

Six American companies have alone spent at least SUSISO million on sea mining so far. Kennecott, the US copper giant, estimates that by 1980 total world investment will have climbed to $2BOO million.

At least four international mining consortiums have been formed by various combinations of US, British, German, Japanese, Dutch, Belgian, Canadian and Australian companies.

Sedco 445 owned by a partnership of Inco Ltd of Canada, Sedco Inc of the USA, Domco, a 23-company Japanese consortium led by Sumitomo, and the West German companies Preussag, Metallgesellschaft, Salzgitter and Rheinische Braunkohelnwerke is the first ship to attempt the large scale nodule recovery.

The 20,000-tonne converted oil-driller, on its second trip, successfully dropped a sledgetype collector device which scooped up the nodules into a pipe which sucked them up into the ship’s holds.

Dr Andrews hailed the tests as ‘very significant’. He said: ‘lt’s the first recovery that I know of from the deep oceans by one of these systems. This is good news. It means that the technology has been demonstrated.’

But when Sedco 445 got back to port last year the consortium announced the suspension of the trials due to the ‘uncertain outlook’ for the copper and nickel markets and the potential international political headache that might be caused in mining them.

What the consortium was concerned about was the seventh session of the United Nations Law of the Sea Conference which was opening in Geneva, Switzerland.

Under present international law the nodule fields are there for anyone to mine. But the UN conference has over the years come up with a general, but not yet formalised, agreement that the nodules should be a resource owned and exploited for the benefit of mankind in general. It also advocates that sea mining in international areas should be entrusted to the control of an international authority. (Fiji is offering to be headquarters for such a body.) However, major industrialised countries, led by America, are digging their heels in at suggestions by the ‘group of 77’ that the authority should have almost absolute control over mining, and that within 25 years practically all wealth derived from such mining should be directed to financing Third World development.

The Americans especially don’t like the rather democratic proposal that decisions of the seabed authority should be made on the basis of ‘one nation, one vote’. This would mean that all international ocean areas would be governed by decisions of an organisation in which, by their numbers, dozens of small countries would hold sway. This, predictably, the Americans won’t accept. They also want more liberal arrangements to allow capital to get cracking with seabed mining with the assurance that they will be earning a secure return.

Geneva observers believed the Law of the Sea Conference would break up, unable to agree. They were right. It adjourned inconclusively. Hence, the nodule-seekers remain in something of a limbo.

Unless a convention is achieved that will split earnings from seabed mining to the satisfaction of all, it seems that Pacific Island countries will get little or nothing from the minerals in the ocean around them. [?]SPIA’s Twin [?]Otter at work South Pacific Island Airway’s latest acquisition, a twinengined jet-prop De Havilland Dash 6 Twin Otter has been in operation between Apia, Western Samoa, and Pago Pago, American Samoa, since late October. On its way to Apia from Toronto, Canada, the air- :raft was flown to Fanning Island, south of Hawaii, which has no navigation aids, to check fut its VLF/ Omega navigation ystem. The Cessna 402 which >vas on the Apia-Pago service is ww used exclusively for charter lights.

Port Moresby Travelodge, built at a cost of about K9 million by a Papua New Guinea firm, Morobe Constructions, which opened in November. At the junction of Hunter, Mary and Douglas Streets in the PNG capital's main commercial area between Paga and Touaguba Hills, Travelodge has 176 rooms, a swimming pool, two restaurants and four bars. Manager is Geoff Newton who has previously been with Travelodge Rabaul and Nadi and with the company's Beachcomber Hotel, Suva.

TRADEWINDS

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979 G

New Caledonia

Land Distribution - A

Maze Of Ifs, Buts

And Maybes

Traditional Melanesian ties to the land of New Caledonia and the imposition of colonial law and regulations has resulted in a worrying situation over land ownership and distribution. Andre Chaville in Noumea has a stab at putting the problem into perspective.

Melanesia 2000, the popular festival of 1975, was the first official recognition of Melanesian culture in New Caledonia. But Poindimie, in 1977, marked the beginning of another revolution against a system of land ownership which is almost medieval.

Ancestral rights are difficult to determine. Geographically, New Caledonia is in Melanesia, but does this automatically mean that the land belongs to the Melanesians?

The French declaration of possession in 1853 created a colony out of what had in the past been a collection of tribes, separated from one another by a no-man’s land which modern ecologists would call a recreation reserve or green belt.

The possession by the French nation was demonstrated by the traditional raising of colours in an isolated spot on the northern tip of the mainland, with little knowledge of the natural boundaries of the new colony.

The first governor, whose principal role was to create a naval base, declared two years later that his country would respect the boundaries of land occupied by the Melanesians, and rendered illegal all conveyancing previously negotiated in exchange for beads or tools.

The unoccupied land became the property of the French state.

In 1859, French settlers were permitted to take possession of land in “unprotected areas”, holdings to be between 50 and 100 hectares, and on the condition that the land was not occupied by the Melanesians.

They were encouraged to create groups of settlements for their mutual protection. By 1868, Europeans held some 850 hectares of land, while a decree passed in the previous year confirmed recognition of tribal rights. Technically, the Melanesian groups did not have title to the land, but were recognised as permanent lease-holders of land within a French colony.

The greatest resistance was encountered in the outlying islands, and the state accepted undivided occupation of the Loyalty Islands, of the Belep group and of half of the Isle of Pines. When the penal settlement was closed down, the rest of the island was handed back to the resident tribes.

By 1878, the gradual penetration of the European settlers led to the first revolution. The Melanesians’ efforts to resist compression and the invasion of their reserves by the cattle of the European farmers ended with a slaughter. But the greatest tragedy was the displacement of some tribes, particularly those of the west coast, towards other reserves.

Even today, the descendants of these of the special concessions which were occasionally granted, the largest of which was 26 000 hectares and corresponds roughly to the present Lafleur holding at Ouace. This was the start of the speculation in land which continues even today.

The administration proposed to create a special tax on unimproved land as early as 1884 but a decision was put off. It is still being discussed today.

By 1897, the estimated Melanesian population was 20 000, or less than half the number believed to have been living in New Caledonia when France took possession. Governor Feuillet. considering that the race would shortly disappear, decided on a new programme of settlement, and more than 500 settlers with little or no agricultural experience, came to take possession of the new grants that were allocated. Properties were between 10 and 25 hectares, of which migrants are still considered as strangers in the community. It was also the first opportunity to encourage, two years later, the establishment of organised European settlements on the wide plains of the west coast, with their easier communications with Noumea. The candidates were carried to their farm, generally of around 25 hectares, and were granted a block of land in the nearest village on which a house was erected by the colonial administration. They were given six months’ supply of food, tools, seeds and oxen or horses, while the villages had rudimentary agricultural equipment which was lent out to each farmer in turn. The farmer received free title four years later, if he had proof that his land had been cleared and, at least, partially planted.

This movement was independent five hectares were planted to coffee.

To obtain free title the farmer had four years in which to cover at least one half of his concession with coffee trees. Ten years later, many had returned to France or emigrated to Australia, but those who stayed were to constitute the backbone of the present “Caledonian” population.

The following year, the governor was granted power to take possession of any land that was necessary for the “economic development of the colony”. At that time, the Melanesians occupied roughly 130 000 hectares, one-third of the land occupied today.

Unfortunately, this legislation allowed the authorities not only to repossess unused land, but also to displace tribes, their villages and their crops, from their ancestral and traditional land. In this way Sketch of a New Caledonia west coast farm In pioneering days . . . tribes were displaced even though settlers were supposed to take only unoccupied land TRADEWINDS ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1979

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different groups were transferred to defined areas, a sort of local government constituted by a Big Chief, appointed by the governor, and who had authority over the Little Chiefs, leaders of the independent communities. The Melanesian was not permitted to leave his reserve without the permission of the gendarme, a rough equivalent of the US marshall, but with greater powers.

The 1917 revolt on the northern east coast was a second demonstration against the penetration of the European settlers. This was now the stronghold of the natural tribes, and also those who had been driven from the west coast. Three years later, and for the first time, the size of the reserves was increased, but in many cases the grants were for land on the lower slopes of the central chains of mountains, while the Europeans took possession of the rich, narrow plains. However, it was at this point that there was a reversal of policy, after another fruitless attempt, in 1925, to encourage pioneers from the north of France to come to grow cotton.

After World War II and perhaps because of the universal claim for human rights, the status of the Melanesian changed. In 1946, he was permitted to travel freely within the territory, and in 1951 became a French citizen with the right to vote.

An attempt to introduce expatriates from Algeria in 1962 failed because of the resistance from the European population as a whole, and the landowners in particular.

Today, the two communities own roughly 370 000 hectares each, while the Melanesian community has increased to more than 50 000 people. Steady immigration has raised the European community to the same level. But for the moment outspoken protest has come only from a minority of Melanesians.

Perhaps before taking any inconsiderate initiatives, the French Government should examine the problem very closely. While the present Melanesian reserves are basically dependent on the tradition of the clan, they are not always situated on the actual land which is considered as the ancestral inheritance.

For the traditional Melanesian, his inheritance is closely associated with the environment of his ancestors, and the trees, rocks and rivers of his reserve are his parents. Very frequently, these magic sites are now in the middle of properties held by a European neighbour.

While the authorities are encouraging the reserves to produce crops which will in turn create a revenue for the community, some reserves may be too small, or unsuitable. But in other cases, reserve land is also left unused.

The young Melanesians have been absorbed by the state education system, whose principal role is to educate the individual to permit him to carry out a trade or a professton for his personal profit and satisfaction. With the economic recession, there are few jobs, and, by tradition, whatever his training, he is considered as unskilled and unstable labour.

The young Melanesian thus returns to the community, whose social structure has many ad vantages but ignores personal ambition.

If he cultivates his land, or builds upon it, there is no guarantee that his children will inherit. On his death, the fruits of his labour will be redistributed as the council of elders thinks fit.

It is thus important to decide whether the problem is traditional, racial or economic.

The Caledonian is usually considered as the rich entrepreneur, the white Rhodesian of the Pacific. As far as the rural community is concerned this is quite untrue, and it is only through fear of disturbing the present social structures that at least part of the European population has not joined the clamour of protests.

One half of the rural land-owners, u farmers, own only 15 000 hectares, an average of 10 hectares per property. The land is rarely fertile, and the standard of living is much lower than the general average.

The larger properties are generally devoted to extensive, semi-controlled cattle breeding.

Very few properties are developed, the land is poor, and subject to erosion drought, flooding and pollution from discharge from the nickel mines. These properties are the lands of the “barons”, the old ramifies who hang on to their inheritance or those who have invested the capital earned in mining or building.

In conformity with French tradition, land is the most obvious display of wealth. A man’s importance is not judged by what he produces, but by the extent of sterile, rocky, weed-studded land he has fenced in.

Some large properties receive the weekly visit of their owner, in a dust-covered Mercedes or Range- Rover. Guests are invited to the homestead for a week-end of fishing or hunting deer or wild pigs.

The monthly anti-tick dip is the opportunity to carry out a rough count of the herd and decide how many cattle will be sent to the slaughterhouse. There is little initiative in a land where the beef produced must be bought by the Territorial Meat Marketing Board, at a high price, whatever the quality. The present economic recession has eroded many incomes and as a result the “weekend property” is now providing an extra income by selling beef, much to the regret of the Noumea consumer.

Unproductive land during a very long economic recession will naturally attract the hungry eye. For the first time in the history of the territory, the two largest landowners are splitting up their properties for sale. Perhaps the best solution today is to ensure that this will not be a source of new speculation, where profits or losses will be exagerated by political uncertainty.

This is the golden opportunity to ensure that for the first time New Caledonia has an opportunity to produce its own primary necessities and attract the young people, whatever the colour of their skin, away from the tempting security of the public service or the nickel smelter.

Typical New Caledonian west coast cattle country ... it’s not the product but the amount of land which is the French measure of wealth

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SPEC move to bring shipping into line With the aim of establishing uniform maritime standards across the Pacific, a South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation (SPEC) advisory committee came up with several ideas at a recent meeting in Honiara, Solomon Islands.

It was suggested that: • a Pacific regional certification structure for officers should be established, based on accepted international standards, with countries issuing national certificates to trainees reaching prescribed common standards. • uniform syllabuses should be prepared for various grades of Pacific region certificates by a sub-committee. (It was decided that Fiji, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea should appoint representatives to a sub-committee to report to the next session of the advisory committee.) • length should be used as the measure of a ship’s size, rather than tonnage, with tonnage considered only if a vessel traded beyond the region.

The committee argued that acceptance of uniform standards would create a favourable climate for rationalising training facilities within the region.

SPEC arranged the Honiara meeting after decisions on shipping by the South Pacific Forum Regional Shipping Council and the South Pacific Forum at Niue in September last year. Members of the council are Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Tonga and Western Samoa.

Representatives from Australia, Fiji, Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu attended the Honiara meeting.

Observers were present from the Economic Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and the International Maritime Consultative Organisation.

Fiji looks to NZ zone for tuna Fiji is looking for access to historical fishing grounds in New Zealand’s 200-mile economic zone to provide sufficient tuna to enable it to expand its fish canning industry, writes William Gasson in Wellington.

At present the tuna canning plant earns Fiji from SF7 million to $lO million in exports a year. The question of access to some of New Zealand’s surplus tuna resources came in recent talks between a Fiji Government delegation led by Secretary of Foreign Affairs Jioji Kotobalavu and New Zealand officials in Wellington. ‘New Zealand has given an assurance that it will look at our request sympathetically,’

Mr Kotobalavu said, ‘so there will be further discussions.’

At the end of December, however, a foreign affairs official said no request for fishing access had been received fromr the Fiji Government. Fiji’s' point is that it has fished im some of the waters now encom-i passed by New Zealand’s far-i reaching economic zone foi( some 10 years. In Fijian eyes; this gives them an historic] claim at least to return to those, fishing areas. ‘We would now like to safe-; guard the right of access to oun fleet to the resources of youm waters which are surplus to your own catching capacity,V Mr Kotobalavu said in am interview. ‘ln our economioi zone we have skipjack but im order to support our canneries; we have to have access to other; species of tuna like albacor© which are found in New* Zealand waters.’

In 1977 Fiji had about 30 long-line tuna vessels fishing im and around New Zealand’s' present economic zone which! only came into force this yean They caught about 7000 tonnes.

Last year the vessels were fishing outside the zone although Mr Kotobalavu wasi not exactly sure of their where-; 74

Pacific Islands Monthly - February. 1979

TRADEWINDS

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To Future Generations, Security Social welfare is a subject of serious consideration in most modern societies. Man in the twentieth century accepts his responsibility to bequeath to the next generation a society better than his own.

Daiwa Bank is not unique in accepting this responsibility, but Daiwa is unique in making acceptance of this role in society an integral part of their banking service.

Daiwa is the only Japanese city bank to combine banking and trust business. Daiwa is thus a fully integrated banking institution, comprising banking, international financing, trust, pension trust, and real estate business. This integration is part of our effort to fulfil our social responsibility consistent with society's needs in a contemporary environment. a fully integrated banking service

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Head Office: Osaka, Japan London and Frankfurt Branches New York and Los Angeles Agencies Singapore, Sydney, Sao Paulo, Hong Kong and Houston Representative Offices Subsidiary; Daiwa Bank Trust Company, New York Joint Venture Banks; P.T. Bank Perdania, Jakarta, International Credit Alliance, Ltd., Hong Kong I abouts but with the canning I factory’s demand for albacore I expected to climb to 10 000 I tonnes by 1980, the Fijian I Government is keen to cross into the economic zone.

Fiji operates its canning fac- I tory through a joint fishing I venture with a Japanese company which charters mainly Taiwan and South Korean vessels to catch tuna.

While New Zealand is likely to be sympathetic to the Fijian fishing request, the use of Taiwan fishing vessels presents a problem since Taiwan is not recognised by the New Zealand Government.

Then again New Zealand officials will need to prescribe a licensing formula for the South Korean fishing boats used by Fiji that fits in with licences already issued to South Koreans.

New Zealand at present finds it difficult to establish an allowable catch for foreign tuna vessels because it does not know enough about tuna stocks within its economic zone.

Mr Kotobalavu said that Fiji was developing its own tuna fishing fleet which in time would also seek access to historical fishing grounds.

The growth of the fishing industry in Fiji reflects the importance placed on its future economic role. ‘Our prospects in agriculture are good but for us the development of marine resources is even more important in the coming years,’ Mr Kotobalavu said, Qjg textile plant * \JIU3ITI The first major manufacturing company to locate on Guam for more than three years is expected to open a factory in mid-1979, writes Paul Addison from Agana.

The South Seas Trading Company, which has offices in New York and a factory in the Philippines, is in the final stages of buying land and a building on the island. The company expects to employ about 200 persons at first and up to 2000 within five years.

They will manufacture gloves. shirts, pants and other textile products, according to company officials.

The company has adopted the local name ‘Guamsons’ and hopes to bring in about 50 trainers from the Philippines early in 1979 to instruct workers m textiles skills. It is planned that training will be earned out in the recently CoTe e ° Uam C ° mmUnity e £ e ' ... .

Guam already has a number of small textile plants but has been hindered in attracting large plants by US import regulations. Although company president Osvay Lipetz said his company has been thinking of relocating on Guam for years, deteriorating political conditions in the Philippines were apparently major factors in the timing of the decision.

I .. incentive for Tongan copra Oil Mills of Tonga Ltd’s pressing factory is in production and, barring the unforeseen, unprocessed copra has been exported for the last time, The director of Oil Mills, Charles Kerry, said that the last shipment of copra left Tonga in November with all future production being held for crushing.

Commenting on an apparent d of about 2000 tonnes in )978 against , 977 production> Mr K said that oi , Mills were offering local growers an incentive payment of 5% above wha( ~h e world ice wou|d warrant’ K He said; ‘ We are buying all our co P ra from the Commodides Board but when the copra quantity is handed over to us we are P a y in g more for it.

That • • must be passed on in full t 0 the growers ..

Mr Kerry said there was ‘an incredible variety of products’ to be made out of copra and copra oil and while ‘I don’t know today what we are going to produce two or three years from now... I guarantee there will be lines we haven’t even thought of which we are going to manufacture’.

TRADEWINDS ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

)EWINDS INTELLIGENCE...TRADEWINDS INTELLIGENCE...TRAD DUTY has been taken off imported agricultural and building materials under a set of tariff and customs duties approved by Tonga’s Legislative Assembly . . .

POLYNESIAN Airlines began its second weekly service from Apia to Auckland in November using a Boeing 737 leased from Air New Zealand ...

TONGA’S consumer price index for the July-September quarter fell by 0.4 per cent, the first drop since the first quarter of 1976 ...

A GARMENT factory, employing nearly 50 and costing SSI 100 000 was opened in Honiara in November by Tong Poy and Sons Limited ...

FIJI’S first travellers’ cheques are now available, issued by the Bank of Fiji, with the National Bank to follow suit . . .

THE BANK Line introduced the first direct container service between Britain and Fiji in November .. .

FIJI’S cost of living dropped 0.1 per cent in October, the consumer price index for Suva and Nadi standing at 159 and for Western division at 152.6 ...

TUVALU has appointed Kamuta Latasi as its first high commissioner, to serve in Fiji, and plans to take office space in the former Club Hotel building . . .

TOURIST figures for Fiji in the first seven months of 1978 were up to 100 790 against 93 907 in the same period of 1977, with 45 per cent of visitors from Australia and 33 per cent from New Zealand ...

PAPUA New Guinea’s palm oil kernel is now subject to a 2.5 per cent export tax because of the improvement from K22 to K33 per tonne ...

FOREIGN private investment in mineral and petroleum prospecting over the past 18 months has amounted to K40 million. reported Papua New Guinea’s Minister for Minerals and Energy Karl Kitchens ...

FIJI has budgeted to spend $F209.1 million in 1979 AIR NIUGIN1 was to take delivery from Canada last month of two Fokker Fellowship F28 jets at a cost of K6.7 million including spares. This would increase the airline’s jet fleet to four and reduce its F27 Friendship fleet by three .. .

FIJI expected that about half of $90 million spent by tourists in 1978 would remain in the country, while the other half would pay for imports (sold to tourists) and repatriated profits and dividends .. .

PAPUA New Guinea has become a full member of the International Silk Association .. .

FIJI Air is expected soon to take over internal services covering Suva, Savusavu, Bua and Taveuni, leaving Air Pacific to concentrate on shuttle services from Suva to Nadi. Labasa and Rotuma, and regional and international services . . .

CHINA is to buy 64 000 tonnes of copper from Papua New Guinea over the next three years ...

CONTROL of the Stinson-Pearce group has returned to Fiji through the acquisition of a 70 per cent interest by Peter Stinson, son of Fiji’s finance minister, from Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson ...

DOUGLAS Airways, a third level operator in Papua New Guinea, has opened a pilot training school at Port Moresby. Flying instructor Wes Guy said of the first 32 applications for instruction received, 30 were from Papua New Guineans ...

WILLIAMS Shipping Limited of Fiji is replacing the 400-tonne Komaiwai on inter-island routes with the 600-tonne Taoniu, which may also be used to run a service to Solomon Islands ...

W. R. CARPENTER Holdings Ltd in the quarter to September .TRADEWINDS INTELLIGENCE...TRADEWINDS INTELLIGENCE..

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979 G

iEWINDS INTELLIGENCE...TRADEWINDS INTELLIGENCE. .TRAI f 30, 1978, showed a net profit of $2.15 million .. .

MOTIBHAI and Company Limited, which has operated the duty free concession at Nadi Airport for several years, has won the right to continue to operate it from January 1, 1981, when the current lease expires, to December 31, 1990.

THE FIRST co-operative industrial enterprise in Tonga, a clothing factory at Ma’ufariga, opened in November with a staff of' seven.

JAPAN has made a grant of yen200 million (about $US1 million) f to Tonga for a nutrition improvement project, the money to be used to buy Japanese products such as canned tuna and bonita.

FIJI Bio Marine Ltd wants to take over more than 60-year old Suva Town Hall and spend about $F 170 000 converting it into a large aquarium.

FIJI’S foreign exchange spending in 1977 was SF331.8 million, compared with $294.3 million in 1976 and $269.3 million in 1975.

THE NEWLY-formed Savusavu Shipping Co Ltd of Fiji has bought the 120-tonne inter-island trader Lawedua and has renamed it Tui Nasavusavu.

RADIO Fiji broadcasts 19 hours and 13 minutes of advertising each week; Hindustani, nine hours and 24 minutes in 78 hours of programmes; Fijian, five hours and 40 minutes in 64 hours; and English, four hours nine minutes in 101 hours.

THE METRIC Advisory Board has been reactivated in Western Samoa to prepare for an orderly changeover from the imperial system at a date yet to be announced . . .

THE COMMISSION of the European Communities has made available more than $F1.6 million for the construction of four jetties at Saqani on Vanua Levu, and on Koro, Kadavu and Moala islands. The money is made available as a loan on special terms (40 years, 10 years grace, 1% interest) with a grant element of about 85% ...

AIR PACIFIC had a record profit of $F626 747 in 1977-78 following its loss of more than $ 1 million in the previous year. But directors say the airline must develop as a major carrier on routes to the US, Australia and New Zealand if Fiji is to retain its share of tourist traffic from those countries .. .

RABI Holdings Limited, the Fiji-based Banaban investment company, had an estimated loss of $F4.5 million at the end of September last year. The company has decided to scale down its business activities, which include shipping, a grocery store, real estate and engineering, and concentrate on investment . ..

THE ANNUAL budgetary meeting of the SPEC Committee endorsed a total budget proposal of $F585 446 for the current calendar year, $560 646 for ordinary expenditure, $24 800 for capital expenditure ...

QANTAS and Air New Zealand have voluntarily withdrawn their representatives from the board of Air Pacific leaving the airline solely under the control of five Pacific Island countries — Fiji, Western Samoa, the Gilberts, Tonga and Solomon Islands. But both airlines remain shareholders ...

PAPUA New Guinea’s exports to New Zealand rose from $NZ2.1 million in 1976-77 to $5.5 million last year. New Zealand’s exports to PNG in the same period rose from $10.6 million to $16.9 million . . .

A MEETING of South Pacific Bureau of Economic Co-operation (SPEC) members was due to be held late last month to examine proposals in the Commonwealth Secretariat/SPEC report on industrial development and trade relations in the South Pacific.

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Pacific Area Stockists

COOK ISLANDS: Cook Island Trading Corporation Ltd FIJIAN ISLANDS: Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd NEW HEBRIDES: Burns Philp (NH) Ltd NOUMEA: Guy Limousin, Pacific Yachting NUIE ISLAND: Nuie Island United PAGO PAGO; Max Haleck Inc, Burns Philp (SS) Ltd PAPUA NEW GUINEA; KIETA: Nikana Wholesalers. LAE; Faulkner-Tait (NG) Pty Ltd, MADANG; Burns Philp NG) Co Ltd, PORT MORESBY: S.A. Heath Co. Ltd. RABAUL; Elvee Trading Pty Ltd, WEWAK: Burns Philp (P N G.).

SOLOMON ISLANDS: Man Sang Co TAHITI: Marine Corail, Tahiti Sport.

TONGA: Riechelmann Bros.

WESTERN SAMOA: Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd, E. A. Coxon Ltd, Gold Star Transport Co. Ltd, Morris Hedstrom Ltd. \CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

A I I

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Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979'

Polynesian Airlines spreads its wings Now weekly flights between Wjstern Samoa Tonga and New Zealand.

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AUCKLAND 8230 CRUISING YACHTS An Australian brewing company, Tooth’s, has agreed [ to sponsor, to the tune of SA2O 000, the 1980 Sydneyto-Suva race, staged every two years by the Middle Harbour Yacht Club, Sydney.

Tooth’s support will enable the Middle Harbour club to plan with much more confidence than in the past when it has had to carry the bulk of race costs itself. Tooth’s has indicated that it will support the event beyond 1980.

In New Zealand planning is well in hand for the two Air New Zealand-sponsored races from Auckland to Fiji starting on May 5. The Auckland-Suva race is being organised by the Royal Akarana Yacht Club and the Suva Yacht Club. The Auckland-Lautoka race is run by the Royal Akarana, the Lautoka Yacht Club, the Northern Club and the Nadi Boat Club.

The main trophies to be won are the Suva Gold Cup for the Suva event and the Air New Zealand Trophy for the Lautoka race. • ANTIGONE, San Franciscoregistered. Harry Abbott, wife Maradee and daughters Carleen (11) and Simone (8), eft Sacramento in 1973. Harry /vorked for two years in the 3 anama Canal Zone and, with Photos Jimmy Cornell funds replenished, then moved out into the South Pacific to the Galapagos before taking the classical route French Polynesia, American Samoa, Vavau to Fiji.

Maradee is looking after the girls’ schooling. • SPINDRIFT, Melbourneregistered, 11 m gaff cutter.

Skipper-owner Philip Rose- Taylor brought his boat to Fiji with the help of three friends.

Leaving Melbourne in September, they sailed to Tasmania and then headed directly for Fiji. After a short cruise in Fiji waters, Philip plans to sail for New Zealand.

For the future he has more ambitious plans; he is determined to return single handed to his native England along what was called by veteran sailor Bernard Moitessier ‘the logical route’ around Cape Horn. • MAC’S OPAL, Coos Bay, Oregon-registered, 12.40 m ketch, skippered by Mac Maclnnes who retired from the US Army and took off to sea with wife Opal as first mate.

They left California in February 1977, sailed to Hawaii, then to French Polynesia, American Samoa, Western Samoa, Vavau and Fiji. They plan to spend the cyclone season in New Zealand. • AKAHI, Hawaii-registered, 11.60 m Cross trimaran.

Bound for Australia, skippered by Briton Gordon Kemp who left the UK in 1962 and has been sailing ever since, mostly on other yachts. His present yacht is flying the Hawaiian flag. Gordon regards Los Angeles as the start point of his present cruise which has already taken him, over the past five years, to Central America, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Tonga, the two Samoas and Fiji. • HORIZON, Stowe, Vermontregistered, a Golden Hind 10 m sloop, passed through Suva in October bound for New Zealand with Bruce, Liz and Jeff (10) MacDonald on board.

The MacDonalds, both teachers, left their home and jobs in 1977 hoping to complete a circumnavigation in three years. So far they have visited the Lesser Antilles, Galapagos, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Society and Cook Islands, American Samoa and Fiji. They are spending the summer in New Zealand, where Jeff will go to school. • OLIVE MARIE, Oxnard, California-registered, 10.85 m ketch, arrived in Suva from New Caledonia with William and Corinne Budd plus two poodles (Pepe and Miko). Bill, a retired aerospace engineer, took delivery of his boat in Taiwan in 1975, then sailed to Hong Kong, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomons, New Hebrides and Fiji. Next stop: New Zealand.

Forwarding: General Delivery, Russel, NZ. • JONATHAN, San Francisco-registered. This 7.50 m sloop sailed into Suva with Jeff and Deborah Hartz on board after a long voyage across the Pacific. They left California nearly two years ago visiting Hawaii, Palmyra, the two Samoas, Tonga and Fiji. Favourite spot: Palmyra ‘just like a Robinson Crusoe island’. Forwarding: 1136 Mansanita Drive, Pacifica, California, 94044. • HADAR, 11 m Matangidesign steel sloop from Auckland passed through Vila with single hander Adrian Faulkner. Adrian works as a schoolteacher six months of the year and cruises the other six. His latest travels have in- The Abbott family on the Antigone ... a floating school Bruce, Liz and Jeff McDonald on Horizon . . . circumnavigation in three years.

Acific Islands Monthly February Iq7Q

FORESTMIL PORTABLE SAWMILL Latest design features mean - faster production - less maintenance - easier to operate and service.

Powered by diesel engine or electric motor.

V 4* / A <l5 K Forestmil Portable Sawmill Forestmil produces any size accurate timber ready to use up to 12”x9"x24'.

Purchase price and operating cost of Forestmil is less than other sawing equipment with similar production capacity, Forestmil reduces timber waste and also reduces log transport cost. Timber is sawn direct from the log in the forest.

Forestmil can be moved to a new location in one hour.

Forestmil will saw hardwood or softwood from logs of any diameter.

Over 1000 Forestmils are sawing timber in 23 countries.

Forestmil has been manufactured for 18 years.

For literature and prices please contact the manufacturers. til MacQuarrie Industries Pty.Ltd.

P.O. Box 20, Coburg 3058, Victoria, Australia.

Phone: 350-3411. Telex: 33729. Cables: Macbound. Melbourne. eluded American and Western Samoa, Tonga and Fiji. He was headed for the Loyalty Islands in New Caledonia and then home to New Zealand. • JUNK, at Kieta, Papua New Guinea, in September, is a 16.5 m ferro-cement junk, designed from plans adapted from the US’s Smithsonian Institution’s 2000-year old Hylam ocean-going junk. The owners, Tom and Terrie Kurth, were visiting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and had left Junk in the care of friends in Kieta. • LOU IV, Elmhorn, West Germany-registered. Herbert and llsemarie Gieseking and their seven-year-old' poodle Joshua (named after singlehander Joshua Slocum) left their home in Schleswig Holstein near three years ago for a planned five-year ‘sabbatical’. So far they have made it to Fiji. • SEA FOAM, Newport Beach, California-registered.

Retired musician Herb Payson, wife Nancy and son Craig Myers, arrived in Fiji after a five-year voyage which took them from California to Central America, Galapagos, French Polynesia, Tonga, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, French Polynesia again, Samoa, Gilberts, Marshalls and back to Fiji which they seem to like best of all in the Pacific. Forwarding; c/o BNZ, Victoria Parade, Suva. • SARRIE, Aucklandregistered 12.70 m ketch, arrived in Suva from Tonga with Sam, Harry and daughter Deirdre Bestall on board. They took delivery of their boat in Taiwan in March 1975 and sailed it to the Philippines, Malaysia and Sri Lanka, through the Red Sea and Mediterranean to the UK and Ireland by 1977. Then it was to Spain and across the Atlantic to the West Indies, re-entering the Pacific via the Panama Canal. In the South Pacific they visited French Polynesia, the Cooks, Niue, Vavau and Fiji before heading for home. • ERYX 11, Gibraltarregistered, 26.35 m. Arrived in Fiji under command of French skipper Michel Feuja. This luxury schooner, built in England 12 years ago, left Europe in 1973 for the Caribbean and Panama and later spent two years in French Polynesia during which a fivehour documentary, The Voyage of the Eryx, was made and shown on French and BBC television. • UFO 2, Arnhem, Hollandregistered, 10.70 m trimaran i sloop. Arrived in Suva with i Dutch couple Antonie and I Beatrix Nagel who left home s nearly three years ago. They ' crossed the Atlantic to the « West Indies, Venezuela and 1 Panama, then, took the < tradewinds route across the ; South Pacific to French ( Polynesia, Niue, Vavau and t Fiji. They are hoping to spend I the cyclone season in Aus- tralia. Antonie: ‘Best thing [ about the Pacific: honesty.’ ’

Forwarding: c/o Dutch Con- sulate, Brisbane. • CON TINA, Los Angeles-registered, 14.30 m ketch,, arrived in Suva with Dr Peten Eastman and wife Betty ase crew. Peter writes short f stories for sailing magazines. .< They left California in 1975 2 hoping to ‘sail for ever’.

Herbert and llsemarie Gieseking aboard Lou IV ... five-year ‘sabbatical’

Antonie and Beatrix Nagel on UFO 2 . . . cyclone season in Australia 82 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY, 19796

w STv* r mm^ \- K ft; ft is? \ <> 1 <r fe ->4 Shell. Lending a helping hand in the Pacific For 50 years now, Shell’s role in the Pacific has been a continuing one of assisting, aiding and encouraging development.

Shell’s success can be seen today in mining, fishing, aviation, tourism, sugar cane, ships’ bunkering and other vital areas.

This development has benefited the Pacific region and its people as a whole and that’s a role that Shell proudly intends to continue and extend in the years ahead.

Shell Papua New Guinea Pty. Limited, P.O. Box 169, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.

Shell Company (Pacific Islands) Limited, Box 168, Suva, Fiji.

Societe des Petroles Shell des lies Franchises du Pacifique Boite postale L 2, Noumea, New Caledonia.

II Look for your “Shell and the Pacific 1979” calendar in this issue, also available from P.I.M. agents or by writing to your nearest Shell office in the Pacific area.

V

The Bank Line

Monthly Services United Kingdom and Continent to:

Papeete • Noumea • New Hebrides

Papau New Guinea And Solomon Islands

United Kingdom to: FIJI * Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands to:

North America • United Kingdom And Continent

For particulars apply: THE BANK LINE (AUSTRALASIA) PTY. LTD. 18th Floor ■ 1 York Street SYDNEY N.S.W 2000 Australia Tel: 272041 Telex; 24063 84

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 197!\

/I t o -o cT» V o FOR BRANCH OFFICES:

Papua New Guinea

REPRESENTATIVES: -A.- W-*-*. ■ -- •> i -i-i ■. V-ii-'--— l l-mru.T^L-r^^

In Our 84Th Year Selling ‘Service’

TO THE PACIFIC ISLANDS...

Nelson &Robertson PTY. LTD. (Established 1895) Plantation House, 197 Clarence Street, Sydney.

Cables: ‘IVANT, Sydney, Brisbane. Telex: AA22381, Sydney.

INDENTS - FROM AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND and OVERSEAS.

Foodstuffs • Hardware • Travel • Canned Fish

Machinery • Insurance • Softgoods • Jute Goods

• Real Estate •

Nelson & Robertson Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 575, Brisbane, Qld., Australia.

P-O. Box 2092, Govt. Bldg., Suva, Fiji. P.O. Box 258, Lautoka, Fiji.

P.O, Box 2420, CPO Auckland 1, New Zealand.

Rabtrad Niugini Pty, Ltd., P.O. Box 219, Rabaul, P.N.G.

P.0.80x 1406, Lae, PJ9.G. P.O. Box 711, Madang, P.N.G P.O. Box 253, Kieta, P.N.G. 55 SHIPPING SERVICES These listings do not necessarily cover all services to Island ports.

Should any shipping company wish to have its services cargo and passenger included in these listings they should contact PIM.

SYDNEY - LORD HOWE IS -

Norfolk Is

Compagnie des Chargeurs Caledoniens operates four-weekly cargo service Sydney - Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.

Details Hetherington Kingsbury Pty Ltd, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

SYDNEY - NZ - FIJI - HAWAII -

Canada - Us

P & O liners call at Auckland, Suva, Honolulu and Vancouver on eastbound and westbound voyages between Sydaey and the US.

Details from P & O Booking Centre, A/orld Travel Headquarters Pty Ltd, 33 3ligh Street, Sydney (231-6655).

Australia - Nz - Fiji - Tonga

N. Hebrides - Noumea - Png

Solomons-Samoas

Sitmar Cruises operates a year-round :ruise programme to include most of he above countries.

Details from Sitmar Cruises, 47 Elizabeth Street, Sydney (232-7511).

Royal Viking Line, with first-class ■ruise ships Royal Viking Star, Royal Viing Sky and Royal Viking Sea, cruises le Pacific from Sydney and Cairns callig at a variety of Pacific and Asian orts.

Details from Wilh, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13-15 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517).

P & O liners call at Auckland, Bay of Islands, Honiara, Lautoka, Noumea, Nuku’alofa, Pago Pago, Papeete, Port Moresby, Santo, Savusavu, Suva, Vavau and Vila on cruises from Australia.

Details from P & O Booking Centre World Travel Headquarters Pty Ltd, 33 Bligh Street, Sydney (231-6655).

AUSTRALIA - FIJI - SAMOAS - NEW HEBRIDES - TONGA -

Norfolk Island

Pacific Navigation of Tonga operates a five-weekly refrigerated general cargo/container service from Sydney and Brisbane, to Vila, Santo, Suva, Lautoka, Apia, Pago Pago, Nuku’alofa and Norfolk Island.

Details from Beaufort Shipping Agency Co, 2 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (239-1022).

Australia - New Caledonia

(And/Or) New Hebrides

Karlander operates a monthly service from Sydney to Noumea.

Details from Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301).

Sofrana-Unilines ships serve Noumea every three weeks from the main ports along the east Australian coast.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines, 37 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2031), Trans- Austral Shipping Pty Ltd, 570 Bourke Street, Melbourne (67-9162), ACTA Pty Ltd, Brisbane (221-3116), Elders-ANL Pty Ltd, Port Adelaide (47-5688), ANL, Newcastle (049-24364), Clements & Marshall, Burnie, Tasmania (31-1833).

Compagnie des Chargeurs Caledoniens operates a three-weekly containerised cargo service from Sydney to Noumea.

Details Hetherington Kingsbury Pty Ltd, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

Compagnie Generale Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney to Noumea, Port Vila and Santo, using Ro-Ro vessels.

Details Compagnie Generale Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700).

Australia - Png

Containers Pacific Express (Burns Philp and AWP Line) and NGAL/PNGL Operate chief Container Service from Australia to PNG-Solomon Islands ports on joint slot sharing basis. Three container vessels operate on 28-day turnaround from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane to Port Moresby. Lae, Rabaul, Kavieng, Wewak, Madang, Kieta and Honiara.

Details from Burns Philp & Co Ltd, 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (20-547) and Interocean Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522).

Farrell Lines operates a service every month from Tasmania, Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane to Lae and Rabaul.

Details from Wilh Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517), 60 Market Street Melbourne (61-3031), J. C. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Robert Laurie-Carpenter (NG) Pty Ltd, Lae.

New Guinea Express Lines operates three-weekly conventional and container services Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Alotau.

Details from New Guinea Express Lines, PC Box R 73, Royal Exchange PC, Sydney (241-3991) MacArthur Shipping Agency Co, 82-92 Eagle Street, Brisbane (229-3777), New Guinea Express Lines, 327 Collins Street, Melbourne (61-3053), Niugini Express Lines in Port Moresby (212466), Lae (42-1536). Rabtrad Niugini Pty Ltd. Rabaul (92-2911).

Karlander New Guinea Line's cargo vessels call at Melbourne, Sydney, Port Moresby, Lae. Madang, Wewak, Manus, Kimbe, Rabaul.

Details from Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301), Dalgety Shipping, 461 Bourke Street Melbourne (60-0731).

AUSTRALIA - SOLOMONS -

Gilbert Is - Micronesia

Daiwa Line operates a container service every 30 days from Sydney to Honiara, Kieta, Tarawa and Guam. Gizo cargoes transhipped at Honiara, Saipan, cargoes transhipped at Guam.

Details from Union-Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney (2-0238, telex AA20397).

AUSTRALIA - NAURU - MAJURO Nauru Pacific Line operates regular cargo/passenger service from Melbourne to Nauru and Majuro.

Details Nauru Pacific Line, Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709), Nedlloyd Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney C 2-0522) US - PNG Farrell Lines operates regular services from all US west coast ports to Lae and Rabaul.

Details from Wilh, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd. 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517), Farrell Lines, 1 Market Plaza, San Francisco. L A. (9-4105). J.

C. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Burns Philp (NG) Ltd, Kieta, Robert Laurie-Carpenter (PNG) Pty Ltd, Lae.

PNG - US - CANADA Farrell Lines operates regular services from Lae and Rabaul to US west coast ports and Vancouver.

Details from J. G. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Robert Laurie-Carpenter (PNG) Pty Ltd, Lae, Farrell Lines, 1 Market Plaza, San Francisco, L.A. (9-4105), Wilh, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517).

NORTH EUROPE - TAHITI -

New Caledonia

Hamburg-Sued operates monthly cargo services from Hamburg, Dunkirk and Le Havre to Papeete, Noumea, via Panama Details from Columbus Overseas Services Pty Ltd, 333 George Street, Sydney (290-2966), Columbus Maritime Services, 17 Albert Street, Auckland (77-3460).

Europe - Pacific Islands

Compagnie Generale Maritime operates services from Europe and Mediterranean ports to Papeete and Noumea using three Ro-Ro and three multipurpose vessels thus ensuring a bimonthly sailing to and from.

Details Compagnie Generale Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700). 85 ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY, 1979

Marama .

The South Seas Express.

The first regular roll-on roll-offexpress service between N.Z.and the Islands.

The introduction of Marama to the Islands trade will enable exporters to greatly increase their export potential by providing faster, more frequent sailings as well as the greater cargo handling flexibility which a roll-on, roll-off service can provide.

LautokaS_ Suva Departures every 14 days from Auckland to: Lautoka, Suva, Pago Pago.

Apia, Nukualofa. f \ Nukualofa _ <sZ>Apia Co-ordinated transhipment facilities from other N.Z. centres Intermodal coastal roll-on roll-off services as well as rail and road services can be utilised by shippers in other New Zealand centres to take advantage of the new Marama schedule. Your nearest Union Company office can assist you in organising the most efficient transhipment method.

International Transhipment Facilities Flexibility in cargo modules catered by this new service can provide for shipping operators and exporters the advantage of reaching international markets using onforwarding services through Union Company contacts and expertise.

Additionally Union can also arrange for cargoes originating from overseas sources to be transhipped at ports covered by Marama’ to their final destination to the benefit of the importer in New Zealand or the Islands. m.v. Marama Your new export incentive 6350 deadweight tonnes.

Capacity 340 seafreighter units or their equivalent, plus space for wheeled vehicles, livestock, etc.

Greater Flexibility Means a more satisfactory and versatile way to ship your consignment.

The following equipment is provided free to shippers Standard dry general cargo ISO containers 20' xB' x B'6" box container 20' xB' x B'6" Opensided container.

Seafreighter Units For movement of general and bulk cargoes. (Internal) Length 13'9"(4.24M) width 7'6"(2.29M) height 5' (1.52 M) N.B. Units are fully collapsible and open topped to facilitate loading cargoes in excess of 1.52 M height. A shower-proof cover is also provided free with every seafreighter.

Newsprint Flats These units are specifically designed for carriage of forest industry cargo but are also suitable for the carriage of other specified types of cargoes. (Internal) Length 15'6" (4.77 M) Width 6' (1.830 M) W. Containers These containers are totally enclosed suitable for the movement of smaller consignments or valuable ones. (Internal) Length 5 7" (1.75 M) Width 4' (1.22 M) Height 5'6"(1.70M) Unit Loads This covers cargo that is unable to be containerised or is not covered by the term mobile equipment’.

These unit loadings must be of a secure nature to facilitate handling by a forklift with 5" gluts (loading forks).

Refrigerated Cargo The following containers will be available; Cold wrap containers 20' x 8' x 8' Integral containers 20' x 8' x B'6"

Livestock Livestock stalls are available for the carriage of all types of stock.

Wheeled Cargo The versatility of Marama means that all types of wheeled cargoes including cars, trucks, tractors, scrapers, machinery on mobile tracks, cranes, trailers etc can be catered for.

Hazardous Cargo The majority of hazardous cargoes will be accommodated on the vessels upper deck either in seafreighters, ISO containers or W. Containers. Full details are available on application. companq h moving 86

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 1979

Japan South Pacific Regular Service

Australia-South Pacific Container Service

Japan-Taiwan-Guam-Saipan Regular Service

Daiwa Line Bridges South Pacific

With Ro/Ro Car & Container Carrier

JAPAN-GUAM-LAUTOKA-SUVA-PAPEETE-PAGO PAGO-APIA-NOUMEA

Syd N E Y-Honiara-Tarawa-Gu Am Taiwan-Japan

Japan-Majuro-Rarotonga-Vila-Santo -Nauru-Japan

Japan-Taiwan-Guam-Saipan-Japan

m.

The Daiwa M/Fcfigation Co., Ltd*

Osaka: “Dailine” Tokyo: “Funedailine”

Head Office

DAIICHI KYOGYO BLDG. 45.2-CHOME. AWAZAMINAMI-DORI.

Nishi-Ku. Osaka. Japan

TELEPHONE; 06 531-0471'9 TELEX: 525-6324 & 525-6325

Tokyo Office

SHIN-DAIICHI BLDG., 4-13. NIHONBASHI 3-CHOME, CHUO-KU,

Tokyo. Japan

TELEPHONE: 03; 274-3251 '8 TELEX: 222-3343. J 23559 EUROPE-TAHITI-W. SAMOA-

Fiji-N. Caledonia

Nedlloyd offers regular cargo services from Northern Europe and UK to Papeete, Apia, Fiji and New Caledonia. [ Details Nedlloyd (Aust) Pty Ltd, 8 (Spring Street, Sydney (27-3801).

JAPAN - GUAM - FIJI - TAHITI -

Samoa - N. Caledonia •

Solomons - Gilberts

Daiwa Lines runs a monthly cargo service from Japan via Guam to Lauloka, Suva, Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Sydney, Noumea, Honiara, Tarawa, 3uam, Details from Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, Suva.

Nz - N. Caledonia - N. Hebrides

-Png-Solomons

Sofrana Unilines with three ships opiates to Vila and Santo, to Honiara and 3 apua New Guinea and to Noumea.

Details from Sofrana Unilines, 18 Customs Street. Auckland (773-279), >OBox 3614, Telex NZ2313.

4Z - Australia - New Caledonia

- SOLOMONS - GILBERTS - MICRONESIA Union Co/Daiwa Line operate a conainer service from New Zealand trough Sydney to Noumea, Honiara, arawa and Guam, Transhipment to laipan, Majuro and Gizo.

Details: Union Steam Ship Co of NZ td, PO Box 12, Auckland, or Union lulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George treet, Sydney, (2-0238).

Nz - Fiji - North America (Wc)

Blue Star Line Crusader service to Vest Coast North America. Only direct ervice to and from New Zealand. Blue tar vessels call at Suva and Honolulu n NZ-US-West Coast voyages.

Details from Blueport ACT (NZ) Ltd, PO Box 192, Wellington (739-029), Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311-777).

NZ - FIJI Reef operates a regular 18-day service from Auckland to Suva and Lautoka.

Details from Reef Shipping Agencies Ltd, PO Box 3382, Auckland, NZ (77-1221-3).

Pacific Line with one ship operates fortnightly roro cargo service New Zealand, Lautoka, Suva.

Details: Sofrana Unilines, 18 Customs Street, Auckland (773-279) PO Box 3614, Telex: NZ2313.

NZ ■ FIJI - GILBERTS -

Solomons - Png

Pacific Forum Line operates a container, unitised/palletised and reefer cargo service from Lyttelton and Auckland to Suva, Port Moresby, Lae, Honiara, Tarawa, Madang, Lae and Moresby. Other ports are included on inducement.

Details from Shipping Corporation of NZ Ltd, Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington. Burns Philp (SS) Company Ltd, GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311 -777) Sullivans, Honiara; Gilbert Islands Shipping Corporation, Tarawa; Steamships Trading in Port Moresby, Lae and Madang or Pacific Forum Line, PO Box 655, Apia, W. Samoa

Nz-Fiji-Samoas-Tonga O

Pacific Forum Line operates a unH tised/palletised and reefer cargo service from Lyttelton and Auckland to Lautoka, Suva, Pago Pago, Apia and Nukualofa. Other ports are included on inducement.

Details from Shipping Corporation of NZ Ltd, Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, Burns Philp (SS) Company Ltd. GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311 -777); Polynesia Shipping Services, Pago Pago; Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, Nukualofa or Pacific Forum Line, PC Box 655, Apia, W. Samoa.

Union Steam Ship Co of NZ operates a roll-on, roll-off, container/unitised service from Auckland to Lautoka- Suva-Pago Pago-Apia-Nuku’alofa on a 14 day frequency.

Details from Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, PC Box 12, Auckland or from Branch offices/agents in Fiji, Tonga and the Samoas.

Nz- Samoa - Tonga

Pacific Navigation of Tonga operates a four-weekly cargo service, Auckland - Nukualofa - Pago Pago - Apia - Auckland.

Details from McKay Shipping Ltd, Downtown House, Queen Street, Auckland (33-656).

Warner Pacific Line services Onehunga - Nukualofa - Vavau fortnightly. and Timaru - Nukualofa - Vavau monthly and Onehunga - Apia and Pago Pago every 21 days carrying general and freezer cargoes and Timaru - Apia every 21 days carrying freezer cargo.

Details from Air Marine Services (NZ) Ltd, PO Box 2505, Auckland (796-841).

NZ - COOK IS - NIUE - TAHITI Shipping Corporation of NZ Ltd operates cargo services based on pallets and similar units from Auckland to Niue, Cook Islands and Tahiti.

Details from the Shipping Corp of NZ Ltd, PO Box 3420, Auckland (797-210); Waterfront Commission, PO Box 61. Rarotonga, Lighterage and Stevedoring Co, Aitutaki, Niue Govt Offices, Niue Island, Compagnie Maritime Polynesienne, B'P’ 368, Papeete, Tahiti.

UK - FIJI The Bank Line operates a direct, fast monthly service from Hull to Suva and Lautoka.

Details from The Bank Line (Australasia) Pty Ltd, 1 York St, Sydney (27-2041); Burns Philp (South Sea) Co Ltd, Suva and Lautoka.

UK/N. CONTINENT - TAHITI -

N. Caledonia - N. Hebrides

Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Hull, Hamburg. Bremen, Antwerp and Rotterdam to Papeete, Noumea and Vila.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); Ets A M Fare LITE, Papeete; Ets Ballande, Noumea, Burns Philp (NH) Ltd. Vila.

UK/N. CONTINENT - PNG - SOLOMONS Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Hull, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp and Rotterdam to Port Moresby, Lae, Madang, Kimbe, Rabaul, Kieta and Honiara and on inducement to Yandina, Tarawa and Nauru.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); Burns Philp (PNG) Ltd, PNG ports; Trading Co Honiara.

SAN FRANCISCO - HONOLULU -

Nauru - Micronesia

Nauru Pacific Line operates regular conventional/container service from San Francisco and Honolulu to Majuro.

Nauru, Ponape, Truk and Saipan.

Details from Nauru Pacific Line.

Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709); North American Maritime Agencies, 100 California Street, San Francisco, California 9411 (981 -0343).

US - FIJI - TAHITI - NZ - AUSTRALIA Bank and Savill Line Ltd, operates regular cargo services from US Gulf ports to Australia and NZ. Calls at Suva, Lautoka and Papeete on demand. 87 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - FEBRUARY, 1979

PACIFIC ISLANDS TRANSPORT LINE

Ms Camellia Venture

Express Freight Service between Pacific Coast Ports of U.S.A. and...

Tahiti 6 Samoa

Papeete Apia Pago Pago

Full container service including reefers.

GENERAL STEAMSHIP CORPORATION LTD.

General Agents 400 California Street, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

APIA: Bums Philp (South Sea) Company Ltd.

PAPEETE: Agence Maritime Internationale, Tahiti PAGO PAGO: Polynesia Shipping Services Inc.

General & Refrigerated Cargo Service to Cook Islands, Niue, and Tahiti.

Contact Your Local Area Agent For Full Details

Niue: Government Shipping office, Alofi.

Cook Islands: Waterfront Commission, PO Box 61, Rarotonga.

Telex: Shipping RG 2002 Tahiti: Compaignie Maritime Polynesienne, PO Box 368 Papeete. Telex; Taporo FP2SB 136 The Shipping Corporation of New Zealand Limited Sea Carrier to the Nation @ AUCKLAND: PO Box 3420, Phone 797-210 Telex: NZ2822 'JLU tWv Pacific Navigation of Tonga Limited

Ser Vingthe Pacific From Australia And New Zealand

NUKUALOFA:

Pacific Navigation

OF TONGA LTD.

The Administrator

Norfolk Island

SUVA, LAUTOKA, APIA, PAGO PAGO AGENTS: BURNS PHILP (S.S.) CO. LTD.

VILA, SANTO AGENT:

Burns Philp

(New Hebrides) Limited

Beaufort Shipping

G.P.O. Box 3988, Sydney N.S.W.

Australia

Mckay Shipping Limited

P.O. Box 1372, Auckland New Zealand

• Regular Sailings

• Owned Tonnage

• CONTAINERS • FREEZER

• Deep Tanks

• Continuous Pre-Receiving

• Hea Vy Lifts

88

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 196

Henry Cumines

PTY. LTD.

Exporters O General Merchants

428 GEORGE ST., SYDNEY CABLES: HENCO SYDNEY. G.P.O. Box 3949. PHONE:, 232-5377 • For specialised and personalised buying service throughout the Pacific Islands and the East. * LOCAL AGENTS AND REPRESENTATION: •- PAPUA NEW GUINEA: RABAUL: M. & C. Seeto, P.O. Box 131, Rabaul.

Telephone 92-2919.

MADANG: W. Double, P.O. Box 22, Madang.

Telephone 82-2696.

SOLOMON FIJI: K. Witherington Ltd., P.O. Box 293, Suva.

Telephone 22-356.

NEW HEBRIDES: John Lum & Associates, P.O. Box 65, Santo.

Telephone 329 ISLANDS: Mr. Tom Lo, P.O. Box 327, Honiara.

Telephone 399, -• Resident Agents in other Pacific Territories. %- PACIFIC i FORUm Line

Owned By The People

Of The Pacific Islands

Regular Monthly Liner Services from Australia and New Zealand to the South and Central Pacific FOR INFORMATION CONTACT AGENTS: AMERICAN SAMOA: Polynesian Shipping Services Inc. P.O. Box 1478, Pago Pago AUSTRALIA: The Australian National Line, 50 Queen Street, Melbourne.

Union Bulkships Pty.Ltd., 333-339 George Street, Sydney.

GILBERT ISLANDS: Gilbert Islands Shipping Corp. P.O. Box 495, Tarawa.

FIJI: Burns Philp South Sea Co. Ltd. GPO Box 355, Suva.

NEW CALEDONIA; ETS Ballande, BP. C 4, Noumea.

NEW HEBRIDES: Burns Philp New Hebrides Limited, Vila.

NEW ZEALAND: The Shipping Corp. of N.Z. Ltd. P.O. Box 3344, Wellington.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Steamships Trading Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 1, Port Moresby.

SOLOMON ISLANDS: Sullivans S.l. Ltd. GPO Box 3, Honiara.

TONGA: Union Steam Ship Co. P.O. Box 4, Nukualofa.

I Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041) or Howard Smith Industries Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-5611).

Us - A. Samoa-Nz-Aust

■ Farrell Lines LASH ships operate regularly from US to Australia, via Pago Pago and Auckland and Canada.

I Details from Wilh, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge St., Sydney [2-0517); 60 Market Street, Melbourne 1)1-0301); Farrell Lines, 1 Market Plaza, San Francisco, L.A. [415-777-3300); Dalgety NZ Ltd.

Auckland (7-1859); Kneubuhl Maritime pervices, Pago Pago (633-5121).

Us - Tahiti - Samoa

[ Pacific Islands Transport operates a ive/six weekly cargo service from Morth America west coast ports to »apeete, Pago Pago, Apia.

Details from Trans-Austral Shipping >ty Ltd, 19 Pitt Street, Sydney 27-2441).

Polynesia Line operates container md general cargo service from US west least ports to Papeete and Pago 'ago Details from Polynesia Shipping Serices Inc,. PO Box 1478, Pago Pago 9-6799).

Png - Uk/Continent

Bank Line operates regular cargo ervice from Kieta, Rabaul, Kimbe, ladang and Lae to Liverpool, Hamurg, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Lonon.

Details from Bank Line (A'asia) Pty td, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041), urns Philp (PNG) Ltd, PNG ports.

PNG - US Bank Line operates regular cargo irvice from Kieta, Rabaul, Kimbe, adang and Lae direct to New Orleans; tils at other US Gulf and East Coast )rts on inducement.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty d, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); jrns Philp (PNG) Ltd, PNG ports.

SOLOMONS - USA -

Uk/Continent

Bank Line operates regular cargo rvice from Honiara, to New Orleans, /erpool, Hamburg, Rotterdam and i twerp.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty i, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); ading Co, Honiara (389).

Far East - Fiji - New

ZEALAND New Zealand Unit Express (CNC, 'JOL, Nedlloyd) operates a three- >ekly cargo service from Hong Kong Lautoka, Suva, NZ ports, Manila, loshiung, Keelung, Hong Kong.

Details from Nedlloyd, 8 Spring eet, Sydney (2-0522).

Nedlloyd operates monthly cargo rvice with three ships from Surabaya, karta, Bangkok, Port Kelang and igapore to Suva and NZ ports.

Details from Nedlloyd (Aust) Pty Ltd, Spring Street, Sydney (27-3801); irns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, Suva and Lauca.

JAPAN - NZ - PNG Dhina Navigation Co, with three ps operates a monthly cargo service m Japan to New Zealand calling at e on return journey.

Details Nedlloyd, 8 Spring Street dney (2-0522).

Far East - Mid-S. Pacific

Dhina Navigation Co’s vessels opera regular cargo service from Hong ng, Taiwan and Singapore to Rabaul, wak, Madang, Lae, Port Moresby, niara, New Hebrides, Noumea, Deete and Samoa.

Details from Nedlloyd, 8 Spring eet. Sydney (2-0522). (yowa Shipping Co. Ltd, operates nthly services from Hong Kong, wan, S. Korea and Japan, to Guam, pan, Solomons, New Caledonia, Fiji, Western and American Samoa, Tahiti, Cook Is., Tonga and New Hebrides and 45-day container/break bulk cargo service from Kobe, Nagoya and Yokohama to Guam, Suva, Lautoka and Noumea, Details. Hetherington Kingsbury Pty Ltd, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

NYK Line, in conjunction with Daiwa Line, with container ships operates 30-day service from Moji, Kobe, Nagoya and Yokohama to Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Suva, Lautoka, Noumea, Sydney, Honiara, Kieta, Tarawa, Guam and Taiwan.

Details: Union Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney (2-0238).

Australia - Fiji

Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd operates monthly cargo services from Sydney to Suva and Lautoka.

Details from Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301), Dalgety Shipping, 461 Bourke Street.

Melbourne (60-0731). Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, Suva and Lautoka.

Sofrana-Unilines (Fiji Express Line) operates to Suva and Lautoka every three weeks from the main ports on the east coast of Australia and monthly to Lautoka from Melbourne and Sydney.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines. 37 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2031), Trans- Austral Shipping Pty Ltd, 570 Bourke Street, Melbourne (67-9162), ACTA Pty Ltd, Brisbane (221-3116), Elder-ANL Pty Ltd, Port Adelaide (47-5688), ANL, Newcastle (049-24364), Clements & Marshall, Burnie, Tasmania (31-1833).

Australia - W Samoa

Compagnie Generate Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney to Apia, using Ro-Ro vessels.

Details Compagnie Generate Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700).

Australia - Fiji - Tuvalu

Samoas- Tonga

Pacific Forum Line operates a container, unitised/palletised and reefer cargo service from Melbourne and Sydney to Lautoka, Suva, Funafuti, Pago Pago, Apia and Nukualofa. Other ports are included on inducement.

Details from ANL Melbourne and Brisbane, Union Bulkships, Sydney, Hobart, Port Adelaide and Fremantle, Burns Philp (SS) Company Ltd, GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311-777); Polynesia Shipping Services, Pago Pago; Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, Nukualofa: PWD, Funafuti; or Pacific Forum Line, PO Box 655, Apia, W Samoa.

Australia - Northern

Marianas - Micronesia

Nauru Pacific Line operates a regular container service from Melbourne to Saipan. Truk, Ponape and Kosrai.

Details Nauru Pacific Line, Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709), Nedlloyd Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522).

AUSTRALIA - TONGA -

Samoas - Tahiti

Karlander operates a monthly cargo service from Melbourne and Sydney to Nukualofa, Apia, Pago Pago. Papeete, US west coast.

Details: Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301).

Australia - Tahiti

Daiwa Line offers a four-weekly service from Australia to Papeete.

Details: Union Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney (2-0238).

Compagnie Generate Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney to Papeete using Ro-Ro vessels.

Details Compagnie Generate Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700). 89 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1979

FLEETS 80 ft Twin Diesel general purpose Cruiser, profess, bit. 1947, coppered, 4 w.t. bulkheads, 10 berths, $65,000, FLEETS, 221 Esplanade, Wynnum Central, Brisbane. Cable FLEETS BRISBANE.

NOTICE - TRADE MARK.

Dynamit Nobel Aktiengese/lschaft of P.O.

Box 1209, 521, Troisdorf, West Germany wish it to be known that they are the owners of the Trade Mark: and that this Trade Mark is used by Dynamit Nobel Aktiengese/lschaft on or in connection with ammunition and projectiles, explosive substances, fireworks, firearms for hunting and sporting purposes, optical apparatus and instruments.

Proceedings will be taken against any third party found to be using the above Trade Mark on or in connection with ammunition and projectiles, explosive substances, fireworks, firearms for hunting and sporting purposes, optical apparatus and instruments.

Mccubbery Train Love & Thomas

Barristers and Solicitors, Port Moresby, Agents for Davies and Co/lison, Trade Mark Agents for the proprietors.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Per L ine 55.00 Aust.

Minimum 4 lines.

Peter Fisher

TRADING Pty Ltd 321 PITT St., SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 2000 Telephone: 261109 Cables: "FISHERION" SYDNEY

Exporters To The

Pacific Islands

RINE PACIFIC LTD.

FS

Salvage - Towage

TUGS 500 - 2700 b.h.p.

Ramped - Barges

250 500 d.w.t.

For charter throughout the South Pacific cable: TUGBOAT, SUVA, telex: FJ2202

The Papua Hotel

Port Moresby

• Right in the business centre • A tradition for comfort and fine food • All rooms air conditioned • Restaurant • Bars • Banquet Hall Telephone 21 2622 Cables PARTE L A. C. NEUMANN Manager KNOX SCHLAPP Sydney, for sale on behalf of client one skid mounted radiator cooled, 250 KVA Delco Generator Set Model E 5259 H 2-3 Phase complete power 12V71 GM.

Price $15,000. Contact Mr. C.

McKenzie 699 8333. A.H. 868 2701.

SHIP FOR SALE. Suva. Twin screw 150 Ton Steel Cargo Vessel In need of repair. Enquiries: PO Box 3055, Lami, Fiji Tall Ingots Brisbane Aust. Tel 392 2033 12, Tennyson Memorial Drive Yeerongpilly Bris. Aust 4105. V Sanders Port Moresby Tel 25 6915. PO Box 9128 Hohola Port Moresby If you're coming to Sydney put yourself in our position.

The Hotel Imperial is perfectly placed. You stay at the heart of Kings Cross which is at the heart of Sydney’s attractions.

You’re only minutes from the city, harbour bridge and Opera House.

And only minutes from Sydney’s famous bays and beaches.

You’ll also find us close to your heart. We believe in old-fashioned service and, in these times, old-fashioned prices.

Bed and full English breakfast is just $l4 single, $l9 double ortwin.

Groups $7 per person. Kids under 2 are free and under 12, $3.

Our family suites provide colour TV, fans and heating for $35 per day (5 persons) including breakfast. ¥ Contact Graeme Dube on (02) 31 7051, telex AA25718 or see your local travel agent. 221 Darlinqhurst Road, Kings Cross, H.S.W. 2011 JACKA 12598 Hotel Imperial Go straight to the heart of Sydney. \x\x\HilM - COCXXXDOCXXXXXXyXXX -wasior '///// I -M \ ' \ Stay at Aggie Grey's the South Pacific's legendary hotel.

Situated right in the heart of Western Samoa. Enjoy Polyneslan-style friendliness and service, in cool surroundings, superb entertainment and food. Magnificent white sand beaches only a short drive away. Airconditioned rooms, swimming pool and full bar facilities.

Bookings through Union Steamship Company of NZ, Pan Am, Air New Zealand or direct to Aggie Grey's, Apia, Western Samoa.

Cables: AGGIES, APIA. 90

Pacific Islands Monthly - February, 19T6

Yamaha 85... Three cylinders for Triple Excitement. • • * •wi isin9 qo 'o^ Whatever kind of boating you enjoy, you’ll enjoy it more with the Yamaha 85.

The exciting new Yamaha 85 is packed with performance and convenience features to put more fun into any kind of boating. From the specially designed prop to its 1140 cc powerhead, it delivers more than any other outboard in its class.

If you’re a skier, you’ll opt for its awesome, full-throttle power, a full 85hp worth. Pull a whole family at the same time or put the most accomplished slalom expert though his paces. There’s never a hesitation with the 85’s CD,I. ignition, specially-ported Schnule scavenging system and pefectly tuned carburetion.

For inland and off-shore cruising, the 85 has all the long-range performance and operating eco- From 2 to 85. Power for any purpose.

YAMAHA nomy you could ask for. The almost perfectly balanced geometry of its three-cylinder design eliminates vibration for smoother running, while the through-the-prop exhuast and oversize intake silencer and muffler reduce noise to a minimum.

Fishermen will appreciate how much faster it gets them to their favorite fishing ground. And when they get there, the’ll be amazed at the 85’s trolling performance. Yamaha’s famous reed valve intake and specially-slit exhaust ports give the 85 great low-speed performance.

Power, reliability and economy at all speeds and for all boats. It’s your with the Yamaha 85.

Outboard with YAMAHA

Datsun’s smoke cloud lets you breathe easy Ever found yourself yawning at the wheel when all the windows are up? Or opened the door to be greeted by a smell of stale air? Yes, a stuffy atmosphere can sure take the pleasure out of motoring.

At Datsun, we go to a lot of trouble to ensure that the air you breathe is fresh. For one thing, we fill the car with smoke. This confirms its airtightness. More importantly, it checks the efficiency of the air exhaust outlets. And by placing the car in a wind tunnel, we can observe and analyze the smoke’s reaction under simulated driving conditions. It’s all part of Datsun’s tough test program. And what we learn from the smoke allows us to design a more efficient ventilation system.

One which provides you with a constant, controlled flow of fresh air.

This way you get to breathe easy.

Drive comfy. And that’s what makes the Datsun ride such a refreshing experience.

Tough tests: the Datsun way to total economy.

DATSUN T

The Name Of Quality

Nissan Motor Co. Ltd

Datsun Distributors: Boroko Motors Ltd. P.O. Box 1259, Boroko, Port Moresby, P.N.G. /Carpenters Motors, Sales Division 61-63 Foster St. Walu Bay, Suva, Fiji Islands Private Mail Bag/Morris Hedstrom Ltd. P.O. Box 189, Apia, Western Samoa/United Enterprises Ltd. P.O. Box 262, Honiara, Solomon Islands/Sirius Motors P.O. Box 34, Norfolk Island, South Pacific/ Jacob Enterprises P.O. Box 4, Republic of Nauru/Cook Islands Motor Center Ltd. P.O. Box 74, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, South Pacific/ Pentecost Pacific S.A. P.O. Box 119, Port Vila, New Hebrides/ Agence Alma S.A B.P. A 3, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia /Tahitibull S.AR.L. B.P. 359, Papeete, Tahiti /Gilbert Islands Government. Supply Division P.O. Box 71, Bairiki, Tarawa, Gilbert Islands