Pacific Islands Monthly Pim

Pacific Islands Monthly

PIM dfd &si ] s{gT»Jg»jii)s i M^sg !*■'“ jj

Eiyoy the very best sound by the professionals.

O § o * -•V o o o o qi /■ 1 //li if- •»»»•* » AKAI AKAI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

Tokyo, Japan P.N.G.

S.O. Svensson (N.G.) Ltd.

P.O. Box 705, Port Moresby Tel: 2275 Tahiti Etablissements Comimpex P.O. Box 200, Papeete Tel: 20477 Mariana Islands J.C.Tenorio Enterprises P.O. Box 137, Saipan Tel: 6444/8 Fiji Islands Motibhai & Company Ltd.

P.O. Box 9175 Nadi International Airport Tel: 72-165 New Hebrides (Islands) British Solomon Islands Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Co., Ltd. Security Electrical Co., Ltd.

P.O. Box 27 Port Vila New Hebrides Islands P.O. Box 174, Honiara Tel: 881 New Zealand Pye Ltd., Consumer Products Sector 110 Mt. Eden Rd„ Mt. Eden, Auckland Te1:686-437 Norfolk Island Burns Philp (Norfolk Island) Co., Ltd.

P.O. Box 21, Norfolk Island Cook Islands JPS Enterprises Ltd.

P.O. Box 15, Rarotonga Tel: 2150, 2176 New Caledonia Menard Freres Vi lie B.P. H 2, Noumea Tel: 275222 Samoa Islands Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

P.O. Box 129, Pago Pago, American Samoa 2

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

DAIHATSU Continues To Press Forward In Its Quest For A Harmonious “Automobile Society”

A new car born of logic... created to meet the practical need| of today’s world charade model XG DAIHATSU charade The Daihtsu Charade is a car in which a family of 5 can travel in comfort. A car with a special functionality, thanks to its hatch-back door, and with plenty of power for excellent maneuverability under a wide variety of conditions ranging from crowded cities to fast highways. Very definitely a car of economy . . . but still a car in which all of these attributes have been concentrated into a compact as** i. W SS. ' • • r body in a very logical way.

Today we no longer live in an age in which we can afford the luxury of determining a car’s worth by its luxurious fittings and its great engine displacement. The Daihatsu Charade is therefore a new - and most logical - alternative for those who will enjoy the simple life and its simple pleasures. 4-Wheel Drive...ideal for highways, sand, rocks or mountain trails Because it can go “almost anywhere”. And that includes highways, rocky trails, sand, river sides. Dry, wet, rocky, sandy surfaces.

That’s what sets this 4-Wheel Drive so far apart - and ahead - when the going gets tough. Excellent acceleration superb hill climbing, amazing tenacity . . . that’s the story of Daihatsu 4-Wheel Drive!

DAIHATSU

4 Wheel Drive

DAIHATSU DAIHATSU IVIOTOR CO, UTD.

Daihatsu Iviotor

Head Office: 1, D AI H ATSU-CHO, IKEDA CITY, OSAKA PREFECTURE, JAPAN PHONE: IKEDA (0727) 51-8811 CABLE ADDRESS. TLX5322224 DAIHATSU IKEDA OSAKA TELEX NO.: 0-5322-251 JAPAN, 0-5322-224 JAPAN Tokyo Office; 7, NIHONBASHI-HONCHO 2-CHOME, CHUO-KU, TOKYO.

PHONE: TOKYO (03) 279-0811

Cable Address: Daihatsu Tokyo

TELEX NO.: 0-222-3377 JAPAN PAPUA NEW GUINEA: AGQUIP NEW GUINEA, P.O. Box 1121, Rabaul/ FIJI: PR A K ASH MOTORS LIMITED, P.O. Box 370, Suva/ TAHITI: ETS. ROBERT, B.P. 1047, Papeete/ NEW CALEDONIA: 5.1.D.A., B.P. 2548, Noumea/ NEW HEBRIDES: SANTO BUS COMPANY, P.O. Box 45, Santo, GARAGE RANTY & JAMMES, B.P. 627, Port Vila/ SOLOMON ISLANDS: HERTZ CAR RENTALS LIMITED, P.O. Box 333, Honiara/ REPUBLIC OF NAURU: NAURU COOPERATIVE SOCIETY/ NIUE ISLAND: NIUE ISLAND UNITED ENTERPRISES, P.O. Box 4/ NORFOLK ISLAND: W.W. SANDERS & SONS LTD., P.O. Box 86, Burnt Pine/ GILBERT ISLANDS: JONG KUM KEE BROTHERS' STORE, P.O. Box 504, Betio Tarawa 3 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

From conquering new peaks to sailing windy seas, there’s a rugged companion for your adventurous life: Seiko Quartz SPORTS 1 \ s \ TT % P ■**s Designed for today's men of action by the world leader in quartz technology. Sailing, swimming or mountain climbing, these watches are rugged enough to meet their active lifestyles, handsome enough to reflect their good taste, accurate enough to meet their high standards.

Every Seiko Quartz SPORTS 100 is water-tested t 100 meters, and so efficiently designed that it can run five years on a single ordinary battery. All are shock resistant and feature day/date calendars.

Hardlex scratch-protected crystal, stainless steel cases and bracelets. Seiko Quartz.

WED $5 SEIKO Someday all watches will be made this way.

Coleman Poly-Lites: Feature for feature, dollar for dollar... the best values under the sun.

These are the ones that proved just how tough “plastic” coolers and jugs can be. How efficient in holding the cold. How good-looking.

So take a close look at a Coleman Poly-Lite, like our 45 liter cooler or the 4 liter jug shown here.

Start with the most basic point.

All Coleman coolers and jugs are insulated with urethane, the best material available. And lots of it.

So they hold the cold. i Next, think tough. That highdensity polyethelene hide shrugs off all the rocks and hard places.

Keeps its bright color in the sun.

Won’t rust or corrode, even in salt water.

You’ll also find special touches.

Like handles that are smooth and round, won’t pinch. They swing P out for carrying, like on most coolers. But they also lift straight up for tight places, like a car trunk.

The snap latch is fumble proof, inside the lid where it can’t break off. Close the lid firmly for traveling. Softly, and you get the “quickseal” position so you can open it easily with one hand.

Poly-Lite coolers and jugs. Sizes, styles, colors for anyone. And the price is right.

For more information contact your local Coleman dealer or write us.

Remember: Coleman equipment can come in handy in storms, typhoons and power losses too.

:: m * n o o -* -*5 developing the wheel loaders Throughout the Pacific Islands you will find CATERPILLAR working to develop the land.

Caterpillar wheel loaders are among those machines. They are dependable, with the adjustment-free Cat diesel engine, rugged planetary power shift transmission and long-life sealed hydraulic system to keep you working.

Caterpillar wheel loaders give you 4-wheel drive, articulated steering and caliper disc brakes to get you in, out and around, fast. You can rely on Caterpillar to get the job done economically and efficiently.

Hastings Deering

LAE : Milford Haven Road, Telephone 42 2355 PORT MORESBY : Telephone 256650 BOUGAINVILLE ; Itakara Industrial Park, Arawa. Telephone 959077 PLUS All CATERPILLAR equipment is backed by CAT PLUS service. CAT PLUS is a package of programmes designed to help you protect your investments and get the maximum return on your machines. CAT PLUS is the most comprehensive service programme available... .anytime, anywhere.

When you invest in CATERPILLAR equipment you have the full backing of your CAT Dealer and CAT PLUS. 0 SUVA : Carpenter Street, Raiwai.

Private Mail Bag, GPO Suva. Fiji. Ph. 381622, Telex FJ2190 Cables CARPTRAC LAUTOKA ; Veitari. Telephone 61877 LABASA ; Vulovi, Telephone 81888 □ YOUR CATBHPILLAR DEALER Caterpillar, Cat and B are Trademarks of Caterpillar Tractor Co. 6

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

High performance stereo amplifier at a moderate price. . - . \ m«CTON ► c f a-m SA-706 Pioneer’s SA-706 integrated stereo amplifier brings high fidelity out of the high price range.

Features and performance that were previously available only on expensive models are now easily within reach of the demanding music listener whose budget is limited.

Power is a respectable 60 watts per channel, minimum at 8 ohms from 20 to 20,000 Hz with no more than 0.04% total harmonic distortion.

Visually displayed on the large, accurate direct-readout meters, it is very easy to read power output in either channel. LED peak indicators respond instantly to warn you of the output clipping level. Advanced circuitry lowers distortion and improves response at high frequencies. Twin power supply systems with separate transformers and electrolytic capacitors ensure stable power in reserve under all musical conditions.

At 86dB (IHF), the signal-to-noise ratio is the best in its class. And even when playing the latest, most dynamic records, RIAA curve deviation is no more than ±2dß over the full range 20— 20,000 Hz. What this means to you is more musical enjoyment and less annoying distortion.

Pioneer’s SA-706 stereo amplifier. Even with all these great performance ideas, one of its greatest features is the money it leaves behind for the other good things in life.

Australia ’ioneer Electronics Australia Pty.Ltd., 78-184 Boundary Road, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Tel: 90-9011.

Sydney 93-0246, Brisbane 59-7457, Adelaide 433379, Perth 24-9899 : iji Islands Jrijlal & Company. G.P.O. Box 40. 362, Suva, Fiji Islands Tel; 22258 New Zealand Fountain Marketing Ltd., Maidstone Street, Auckland, New Zealand Tel: 763-064 Norfolk Island Burns Philp (Norfolk Island) Ltd., Norfolk Island, South Pacific New Hebrides Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Ltd., Vila. New Hebrides Nauru Island Jacob Enterprises, P.O. Box No. 4 Republic of Nauru Tahiti Est. PERFECT. B.P. 594, Papeete, Tahiti Tel: 20 407 New Caledonia Menard Freres Ville, B.P. H 2 Cedex. Noumea, New Calerlnnia Tel- 07 eo OO American Samoa Traspac Corporation, P.O. Box 1477. Pago Pago. American Samoa 96799 Tel: 633-5224 Rarotonga South Seas International Ltd..

P.O. Box 49, Rarotonga Cook Islands Tel: 2327 Papua New Guinea Bali Merchants Pty. Ltd., r-v

% «ii CF-590S Mg •6 ppm m x a j » * * f \ ?:■¥** 11 yp- IRS&jfl j n :*v m ■* \ v m - '* l > *K* r V* ■%ie i % I »:• » «

PIM is airfreighted to most subscribers and agents in the Pacific Islands and the United States Aust Other American Samoa $13 $US16 Australia $12 Canada $14 $US18 Cook Islands $13 Fiji $12 $F12 French Polynesia $14 CFP 1700 Guam $13 $US16 Gilbert Islands $13 Hawaii $13 $US16 Japan $16 V4500 Micronesia $13 $US16 Nauru $13 New Caledonia $14 CFP 1700 New Hebrides $13 New Zealand $12 SNZ13.50 Niue $13 Norfolk Island $12 Northern Marianas $13 $US16 Papua New Guinea $13 K12 Solomon Islands $13 Tonga $13 Tuvalu $13 United Kingdom $15 £10 US Mainland $14 $US18 Western Samoa $13 vjP vVv .06^* A© <^ T^© oV * V> v * °V*

| Pim Subscriptions

* See the lefthand column for the cost of a 12-month subscription to PIM mailed direct to your home.

Wings Of Gold

■c® <s> This book tells for the first time the remarkable story of the aeroplane in New Guinea. It begins in 1922 with the strange sound of a Curtiss biplane echoing across the swamps and deltas of western Papua, and it ends in 1942 with Japanese bombers blasting the last of the civil aircraft to pieces on the ground. A superb, large format production of more than 330 pages and 150 avaition photographs, most of them historic and not before published. SA3O or SUS3S, please add SA3 or SUSS for postage.

The Tongans

Leading South Pacific writer Olaf Ruhen and photographer Jozef Vissel capture the lifestyle of the people of the last Polynesian kingdom.

Brilliant prose and 96 sparkling full-colour photographs depict today’s Tongans at work, in church, at play. 5A9.00 (SUSIO.SO) Posted anywhere *

Png Handbook & Travel Guide

For businessmen, schools, libraries and local residents, this up-to-the-minute handbook covers everything!

Includes an accommodation tariff guide and useful maps, including a large coloured fold-out map of Papua New Guinea. 5A8.50 (SUS 10.00) Posted anywhere • . V'° also ask us for our full mail order book list of great Pacific titles c' \' c eS- & & A V^ e e <v ... v, v. ****** .// Cffi G^° S V ' s* 1 & 0° o *N C & PIM

Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. 49 No. 11 November 1978 Elsewhere: $A16 Payment by personal cheque is accepted in Australian, US, New Zealand, UK and Fiji currency For other remittances please obtain a bank draft in Australian dollars made payable to the ANZ Banking Group, 88 Wentworth Avenue. Sydney, Australia REPRESENTATIVES AUSTRALIA: Distribution Gordon & Gotch (A asia) Ltd, Box 40, PO. Rosebery, NSW 2018 Advertising - Melbourne - Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty Ltd, 5th Floor, Alley Building, 75-77 Flinders Lane, Melbourne 3000, telephone 63-0211, ext 1565 Jeff Gates, ext 1858 Ida Padgett Brisbane — D Wood, Anday Agency, Box 1918, GPO, Brisbane 4001, telephone 44 3485, 44 1546; Adelaide - Harry Hastwell Media, PO Box 30, 399 Glen Osmond Rd, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, telephone 79 1869, 79 5956; cables Hastmedia, Adelaide FIJI; Distribution and subscriptions - Desai Bookshops, PO Box 160, Suva, Fiji, telephone Suva 23036 Advertising — Fiji Times & Herald Ltd, 20 Gordon St, Suva, telephone 312 111, telex FJ2124 FRENCH POLYNESIA; Distribution — Hachette Pacifique, 10 Ave Bruat, Papeete, telephone 2 5610 HAWAII, UNITED STATES; Distribution PIM, Hawaii 2812 Kahawai St, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 JAPAN: Advertising and subscriptions — Universal Media Corporation, CPO Box 46, Tokyo, telephone 566 3036 NEW CALEDONIA: Distribution — Depot Centre de Presse Michel Pentecost, CBP2, Noumea, telephone 27 2434, 27 4729.

NEW ZEALAND; Distribution — Gordon & Gotch. PO Box 584, 2 Carr Road, Mt Roskill, Auckland 4 Advertising - International Media Representatives Ltd, PO Box 2313, Auckland, telephone 795 487; 493 389, cables Intereps.

Auckland Subscriptions — Pacific Publications, GPO 3ox 2229, Auckland^ 3 APUA NEW GUINEA: Distribution - Robert Brown & Assoc , PO Box 3395, Port Moresby, telephone 2 5855 Advertising — PNG Post-Courier, PO Box 85, Port Moresby, telephone 212577 JNITED KINGDOM: The Herald & Weekly Times Ltd, 8-10 Clifford's Inn. Fetter Lane. London EC4A 1BU. telephone D1 831 6041. telex London 21989 JNITED STATES MAINLAND: Advertising — Joshua B Powers Jr, Powers International Inc., 551 Fifth Ave, New York, New York 100 017, telephone 867 9580, telex 236514 Subscriptions - PIM, Hawaii, 2812 Kahawai St.

Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Published monthly by Pacific Publications (Aust) Pty Ltd and printed in Australia by Kralco, Flemmgton. NSW Australian cover price is recommended retail only Registered at the GPO Sydney for transmission by post as a publication — category B. Second class postage paid at Honolulu, Hawaii Pub = 952480 Copyright c 1978 Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty Ltd 9 VCIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978 Founded 1930 by R. W. Robson Publisher Stuart Inder Editor Bob Hawkins Editorial Adviser John Carter Manager John Berry Advertising Manager Steve Gray A Pacific Publications production 76 Clarence Street, Sydney 2000 GPO Box 3408 Sydney 2001 Cables: PACPUB Sydney Telex: 21242 Telephone: Sydney 29 6693 SUBSCRIPTIONS

S.E. TATHAM & CO. PTY. LTD.

BEEHIVE BUILDING, 94 ELIZABETH STREET.

G.P.O. BOX 8.

MELBOURNE 3001.

AUSTRALIA, CABLES: “SET’: TELEX: AA34552.

TELEPHONE; 63 5094 f. > T ...BUYERS for the PACIFIC ISLANDS.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: S. E. TATHAM (P N G.) PTY. LTD.

LAE:MALAITA ST. (P.O. BOX 1562).

PORT MORESBY: Cm. GOROA & MANAHU Sts., GORDON (P.O. BOX 6733, BOROKO).

Telegrams: All Offices “Set!

Your Guarantee

For Service

SINCE 1924 10 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

Cover: The beautiful old public school at Levuka, in Fiji, celebrates its centenary next year. The school is of keen interest to all those people newly cons- ■cious of the need for conservation of the Pacific architectural and cultural heritage.

See PI M’s special treatement of this theme on p 22, and ppso-51. (A PIM photograph.) PIM

Pacific Islands Monthly

This Month

• Niue Island— ‘Sub-regionalism rears it head at the South Pacific Forum 17 • The Cooks ‘New Zealand’s the villain’, Sir Albert tells the United Nations 19 • Tuvalu A royal fever ruins the fervour of an island people’s independence celebrations 21 • Pacific Heritage There’s a growing urge to preserve a precious heritage 22 • Afterthoughts Percy Chatterton observes ‘Of the making of legends there is no end' 27 • New Hebrides Another move to unite the political parties 28 • West Irian Papua New Guinea police net catches two big fish from Irian Jaya 28 • United States The Americans take a fresh look at their relationships with the Islands 29 • Guam What happened when some top brass from Washington crash-landed in the ocean 33 • Fiji When you take a bus ride on Vanua Levu anything can happen 48 • Yesterday Levuka, the hub of Fiji’s history and a living museum worth preserving 50 Letter* 12 Pacific Report 15 Niue Forum 17 Sir Albert to UN 19 Tuvalu Independence 21 Ttopicalities 23 Afterthoughts 27 Political Currents 28 People 33 Islands Press 36 Busride In Fiji 48 Yesterday 50 Books 53 Boating Featu.e 59 Tradewinds 66 Obituaries 73 Shipping Services 74 Classified Ads 80 Mahe Tupouniua . . . SPEC needs him for another year Tuvalu's Prime Minister Toalrpi Lauti . . . disappointed Andrew Jakeo . . . reluctant exile from Bikini who insisted on using his own canoe 11 ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

LETTERS A MINIATURE BOUQUET 1 spent 40 years in all the South Pacific Islands. Your articles are wonderful.

Charles S. Deuben

(US Navy retired) Santa Maria California AND A

Bigger One

Earlier this year I wrote you a letter criticising your Pacific Islands Monthly. You so kindly responded, and 1 cannot rest until I send my wholehearted CONGRATS! Every issue is a delight, photos, all supremely lovely, contents informative, timely and an inspiration. My admiration goes to every member of your staff, as teamwork I’m sure is a must. i have the impression the subject matter is most unbiased and that, in a turbulent world, is top achievement.

Again, my sincere congratulations on a magnificent publication. May success always be yours.

I look forward to every scrap of information re Pitcairn Island. The world cares, I feel.

Ellyn Greywitt

Ohio.

USA HOW OLD

The Ladies?

Mrs Alice Brewster, widow of Adolph Brewster (formerly Joske) who was district commissioner, Colo, Fiji, and author of The Hill Tribes of Fiji, had her 107th birthday in England on September 16. She is believed to be the second oldest person in Britain (the eldest being 108). It would be interesting to know from your readers if her age is known to have been exceeded by (a) any indigenous persons in the Pacific (b) any Europeans who have lived in the Pacific.

Her husband’s post was one that I held about half a century later.

A predecessor of mine as district commissioner of the Lau Group in Fiji, also about 50 years earlier, was Sir Basil Thomson who arranged the 1900 Treaty of Friendship with Tonga. He had no sons and his only daughter, Mrs Enid Wise, who was given the Tongan name, Anaseini Veihola Tupou. has recently died in England aged 87. She acted at times as secretary for her father who was the son of an Archbishop of York and, after leaving the Pacific, became governor of several English prisons and interrogated, as head of British intelligence, German spies in the First War.

He became head of the Criminal Investigation Department at Scotland Yard, London, and managed to find time to write several books, many of them classic works on the Pacific.

Philip A. Snow

Angmering Sussex England

Whither The

White Horse?

I read with interest in May PIM Harald A. Rehder’s letter about the ‘Coral Route’. Mr Rehder said he was unable to locate The White Horse Inn, one of the lodging spots in Western Samoa for Coral Route passengers. Whilst I do not have the full facts, perhaps I can shed some light on the subject.

I have been told that-it was around 1964 that The White Horse Inn last housed guests, the closure of the lodgings perhaps having been caused in part by the fact that a further guest house on the Apia waterfront, not far from ‘Aggies’, had opened its doors.

However, The White Horse Inn continued to be available for special specific functions up until about 1970, when it finally closed its doors. The building was converted into four self-contained flats. That’s how it is today.

It may be of interest to some of your readers to learn of the fate of the inn’s main bar.

Having been a resident of Apia from 1967 until 1973, it was in late 1971, whilst driving past The White Horse Inn during its transition stage to flats, I noticed the main bar resting on the disused tennis court. (Both the bar and tennis court were in a bad state of repair.) The princely sum of $lO purchased the bar, complete with its ‘cash’ drawer. The bar was then put on the tray of a large truck and reinstalled in the very large lounge of the old colonial German house that I, a fellow-New Zealander and an Australian were sharing.

Finally, two points that I share with some other PIM readers in New Zealand: one, we would like to see the feature ‘Twenty Years Ago this Month’ reintroduced it was not only of great interest but often amusing and topical; second, the present index, in terms of reference to content country by country, is very poor compared to the index in the previous smaller size editions of PIM.

Randal J. Lockie

Auckland New Zealand (*Twenty Years Ago’ we are considering. Hope you approved the new indexing introduced in September Editor.) THEVENIN: A REPLY I read with interest and grave concern the interview between Mr Jean Massias and Mr Rene Thevenin New Hebrides Past and Present by Veteran ‘Colon’ {PlM October).

My first reaction was: Why does Mr Massias choose this time to have an interview of this nature with Mr Thevenin, who has long been seen by New Hebrideans as one who has taken and exploited lands rightfully belonging to them?

My second thought was that the interview had a marked political colouring, and that j this is unlikely to be the only! article of this nature which Mr] Massias will endeavour to have] printed. Questions one mustj ask include: What is the real purpose behind interviews of] this nature? Is PIM allowing] itself to be used as a political] instrument in this subtle pres-i entation? Is this another] attempt at dividing the people not directly on political grounds but rather on religious grounds through Mr Thevenin’s references to the work of the various Christian churches in the New Hebrides? What point is Mr Thevenin trying to make when he says things were much better in the old days than they are now would he like the New Hebrideans still to be isolated in their villages andj fighting each other with stone axes as he claims they did in the] early days?

While Mr Thevenin has no good word for the work of the] various churches, it seems to many people in the New Hebrides that these same] churches are largely respon-l sible for bringing about the peaceful conditions existing among the people of the New Hebrides today. Indeed, the churches have succeeded in this work in many cases where the British and French Governments themselves have failed.

It would appear that only now, with his planned depar-j ture, has Mr Thevenin caught up with the modem thinking of an oppressed people who desperately want freedom and self government.

One thing that the article Mr Massias ... his real purpose?

makes clear it that Mr Fhevenin, who has often :laimed to be a ‘New Hebridean’, is a Frenchman after all.

It was interesting to read his remarks about coming back to ;he New Hebrides in the 'uture. Will he come back before or after independence to :heck on his vast properties, or vill he be glad to sell now and brget all about investments ind the New Hebrides?

This interview is a dangerous me because others can build m what has been stated in it ,nd thus produce serious divsions, damaging the present conomic climate individual Anglicans could react about /hat Mr Thevenin said of their hurch, or Presbyterians could eel hurt: Both would be quite jstified in their reactions, 'hose of the Catholic faith ould take exception to what he aid of their church; some ould take up and support his laim that that church should ave been more influential as le national church of the Tench in New Hebrides. On le other side of the conominium coin, it could never e claimed that the Anglican hurch has been influential to le point that it has dictated olicy to the British Governtent. It should not be forgotn that most British resident ammissioners have been [embers of the Anglican hurch. It would therefore ave been difficult during the mod of which Mr Thevenin >eaks for leaders of that lurch to criticise the leader of e British administration.

For the record, alongside the ackground of Mr Thevenin, a w questions should be asked aout that of Mr Massias. Was - one of the Frenchmen )liged to leave Algeria after at country gained indepenmce? Does he still hold a nior position in the inforation service in the New ebrides? Is he still political Iviser to the French Resimcy in the New Hebrides?

Let us hope that future tides of this kind in PIM are danced by a reply from the her side. Otherwise they will oduce nothing but tension in situation which already has i overdose of heat in it, and the French land-owners, who are extremely powerful, will resist moves by the French Government to return land to its rightful owners, the New Hebrideans. (REV) R. F. WOOTTON Secretary Commission of Justice & Human Development Uniting Church in Australia Commission for World Mission Melbourne Australia MISTAKEN IDENTITY In view of the grim expression on my face which you kindly reproduced on page 27 of your September issue, I hasten to write to say that it was not David Barwick but Yours sincerely P. T. N. DONEGAN QC Attorney-General Honiara Solomon Islands IN SEARCH OF lOANE In PIM, March 1977, p 57, your report of the tragedy of the Ravakai in which loane Dean was drowned interested me, and I wondered if you could let me know more about the identity of this person. At about the end of World War 11, I knew the Hoille family from Lae, the son being ‘Jim’ and the daughters loane, and the other bearing a second classic Greek name that I cannot recall. I may have the spelling of loane wrong but it was pronounced eye-own-ee. The other sister’s name was pronounced nar-ee or nar-eed-a I think. The family was well known, especially from the Eadie Creek gold mining days.

Although your article mentions that ‘one man was lost, I thought this could perhaps be a misprint, as there are surely not many loanes about. I would appreciate it if you could give me some indication of whether it could have been the Hoille girl.

I did hear that ‘Jim’ was drowned or killed somehow.

His initials were A. R. W.

Hoille. If you know anything about him, I would be glad to hear. If he is in fact still living I would like to make contact with him.

Normally I would consult the Papua New Guinea telephone book, but they aren’t too common here at Tewantin.

Just about every time I read through a copy of your magazine I come across some event involving a person I knew, or a yacht or ship which I had something to do with. ‘Cruising Yachts’ is always of great interest (to a frustrated yachtie who never ever really made it).

Dennis Gittoes

Tewantin Qld Australia (PIM has replied to Mr Gittoes to the best of its ability, but probably not to his entire satisfaction. Can other readers help him? Editor).

WHICH IS BIGGEST?

I wish to make a correction to the article ‘Fiji: More than “Black Sex” ’ which appeared (p 61) as part of the ‘Japan and the Pacific’ supplement in PIM September. The Fijian Hotel, on Yanuca Island, is Fiji’s largest hotel, not the Regent as stated in the article.

Radike Qereqeretabua

Group Sales Manager, Fiji Resorts Ltd, Owners and Operators of the Fijian and Mocambo Hotels Nadi Fiji (If number of rooms is the criterion, the Fijian Hotel has it over the Regent by 16 rooms 316 to 300. - Editor.) The Fijian ... it’s the biggest. 13 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978 LETTERS

our birds ise and beyond ■ 8 S **• >!• If you’re flying to Papua New Guinea, it’s only natural to think of Air Niugini. But have you ever thought of taking our big jet “birds of paradise” on to Australia, The Philippines, Hong Kong and Japan. From there we can connect you on to anywhere in the world.

Every week we can take you to any of these exciting destinations, and on the way, treat you to the friendly, relaxed Melanesian service you can expect from Air Niugini.

And of course, who better to start you off on the holiday of a lifetime in Papua New Guinea.

Look below for all the details on when and where our “birds of paradise” fly. Then call your travel agent or Air Niugini in the following areas: BUKA: Wong You (Buka) Pty. Ltd. Phone Sohano 46 HONIARA: Guadalcanal Travel Service. Phone 589 HOSKINS: Logging & Trading Co Pty. Ltd.

Phone 935013 KAVIENG: Air Niugini.

Phone 942135 KIETA: Air Niugini.

Phone 951866 LOSUIA: Kirawina Lodge MANUS: Air Niugini.

Phone Lorengau 9 RABAUL: Air Niugini.

Phone 921133

Air Niugini

The National Airline

821. P. 090 14 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

Pacific Report

Yet Another Oil Superport Plan

4 New York-based oil company has revealed plans to construct a multi-million dollar oil superport in the Northern Marianas, Dossibly on the island of Rota, according to the Guam newspaper, Pacific Daily News. A spokesman for the company con- :erned, Northville Industries, said: ‘We would only move if we /vere assured of the kind of local support which the Patau project nas not yet received.’ The proposal for an oil superport at Palau, much larger than the one now proposed, has run into strong apposition within Palau and from environmental groups throughout the world.

Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Join Forum

Solomon Islands and Tuvalu were admitted to full membership of the South Pacific Forum at its annual conference in Niue in September and immediately found the going this year was ■ougher than ever before for everybody. But there were hopeful signs, as well. See p 17.

Pacific Forum Line Cost Shocks

fhe cost of keeping the Pacific Forum Line (PFL) afloat is worryng South Pacific Forum members, founders of the line. But they lave decided to keep it going, largely as a result of New Zealand’s offer of a further overdraft guarantee of SNZISO 000. : unds requested were much more than that in September but t seems it will continue to operate. Australia’s Prime Minister i/lalcolm Fraser, whose government has already put in almost >A3OO 000, wants a thorough costing of the operation before le commits Australia to a further input. PFL and Forum officials net in Auckland early last month to keep up the rescue vork.

R Oung Vivian Gets The Src Nod

Jiue’s Young Vivian is to take over the secretary-generalship if the South Pacific Commission (SPC), but not before present ecretary-general Dr Macu Salato of Fiji has done some fencelending with the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co- •peration (SPEC). Pre-SPC conference committee sittings last lonth agreed on Mr Vivian, Niue’s Minister for Economic )evelopment, Agriculture and Education, taking over as ecretary-general by about mid-1979. Although the proposal lad not received full conference blessing as PIM went to press, was not expected it would be opposed. Dr Salato’s brief is d sort out lines of demarcation and areas of co-operation with ;PEC. Petty bickering between SPC and SPEC officials has ieen a headache for some time.

Yphoid In American Samoa

n outbreak of typhoid fever was reported in American Samoa i late September. Eleven cases were admitted to the LBJ Trop- :al Center in Pago Pago between September 13-24.

Ligh: Once More Into The Longboat

et another Captain Bligh and Bounty film is on the way. Filmtakers have been searching for suitable Pacific Islands sites >r several months. Construction of another Bounty for the film under way in New Zealand. Meanwhile, an unenviable fate is in store for an unnamed and fictional Pacific island: US producer-director Irwin Allen (who made the original Poseidon Adventure in 1972, the first of the modern disaster stories) plans a film called The Day The World Ended. In it a South Seas island is slammed simultaneously by an earthquake, a volcano eruption and a tidal wave the works, in fact. Stars signed for the film include Paul Newman, Michael Caine, Telly Savalas and Sally Field.

The Troubles Of A Princess

Following the contretemps of her illness at Tuvalu (see elsewhere, PIM), Princess Margaret was annoyed while in Australia by press rumour-mongering about a ‘romance’ between her and Australian Foreign Minister, Andrew Peacock. As if this were not enough, press cables from England were simultaneously reporting that her son, Viscount Lindley, 16, had been carpeted at Bedales School in Hampshire after he was found with two schoolmates finishing off a bottle of scotch in a dormitory.

Argument On Blackbird’ Descendants

A parliamentary inquiry into the conditions of South Sea Islanders in Australia has found ‘very little evidence’ of overt racial discrimination against Islanders. A spokesman for the Islanders, descendants of ‘blackbirding’ victims of the 19th and early 20th centuries, contested the claim. He also pooh-poohed the inquiry’s estimate that there were only 3000 to 3500 people in Australia who identified themselves as South Sea Islanders.

Said he: The number would be more like 30 000.’

Magic Staircase’ Stole The Show

The ship’s escalators stole the show when a floating trade display came to Papua New Guinea in October. The Japan Industry Floating Fair Association had its ship, Shin Sakura Maru, on a cruise of the South Pacific displaying a big cross-section of Japanese products and technology. But cars, a helicopter, machinery and electronic devices took second place to ‘the magic staircase’ many among the 7000 who flocked to the ship had never before seen or heard of an escalator.

Poor Sailors Are Drowning In Hawaii

Hawaii’s coastguard authorities are concerned at the rate of fatalities in boating accidents in the State the drowning of a Kailua man in September brought the number of deaths for 1978 to 15, compared with one in the whole of 1977, and two in 1976. Correlated statistics indicated that Hawaii’s rate is five times greater than California’s, the State with the largest number of fatalities last year. Authorities say nearly all Hawaii's fatal accidents have been caused by lack of boating knowledge and/or carelessness.

Brazil Frost Good News For Some

Reports that frost is expected to curtail Brazil’s coffee crop led to upward movement in the stock exchange standing of Australian-based Island trading companies Burns, Philp, Steamships Trading and W. R. Carpenter, The latter two companies stand to benefit directly from a recovery in the price of coffee.

Burns, Philp should benefit indirectly from increased prosperity in the Islands. 15 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

Hammer Strikes - Huge Libel Action

Nauru’s President Hammer Deßoburt has filed a US$7.5 million libel suit in the US District Court in Honolulu against the American newspaper giant, the Gannett Publishing Group. The president is claiming that he was libelled in a story in the Gannett-owned, Guam-based Pacific Daily News which alleged that he had flown to the Marshall Islands to personally deliver a cheque for a $678 600 loan, which the newspaper said was illegal. The article charged that Nauru was ‘secretly backing the separation of the Marshall Islands from Micronesia’. In his suit, the president said the story was ‘untrue in every significant respect’; and that, if it was true, it would constitute accusation of the commission of four separate criminal offences under Nauru law.

Those ‘Western’ Diseases Hit W. Samoa

A survey of cardiovascular and metabolic disease will be undertaken in Western Samoa. The World Health Organisation regional adviser for chronic diseases, Dr Shoichi Endo, says hospital statistics show that the rate of cardiovascular and metabolic disease is increasing in the country. WHO is providing a short-term consultant to investigate the problem. (See also Tropicalities.) $250 000 HOUSE FOR SOLOMONS P.M.

The Government of Solomon Islands is to build a new house for the Prime Minister in the capital Honiara. The house is expected to cost more than 515250 000.

Statisticians Huddle In Honiara

Statisticians from all over the Pacific gathered in Honiara in September at a conference sponsored by the South Pacific Commission. The conference reviewed the 1976 round of population censuses and discussed preliminary plans for a large number of censuses to be held in 1980-81.

Nauru Buys Apia Hotel

The Nauru Local Government has bought the Apian Way beachfront hotel in Apia for SWS2BO 000 from Mrs Mary Croudace. Intentions are to pull the building down and replace it with a new structure to house the Nauru consul, Air Nauru and Nauru Pacific Shipping Line. Meanwhile, Mr Edward Annandale, managing director of the Apia merchant firm, O.F. Nelson, has been appointed honorary consul for Nauru in Western Samoa.

Aggie Grey Dances At 81

Legendary Aggie Grey, Apia hotelier, who turned 81 on October 31, was guest of the crew of the USS Horne for a pre-birthday celebration. A navy band travelling in the Horne played music for her after Captain James A. Barber, commanding officer, presented her with a colour picture of his ship. The band music inspired Aggie to perform the siva.

Tuvalu Talks With Uncle Sam

Tuvalu, looking away from Britain, was on the verge of signing a treaty of friendship with the United States in mid-October, Prime Minister Toalipi Lauti will have none of Uncle Sam’s promise to drop its claims to reefs within Tuvalu’s newly declared sovereignty. An acceptance of this sort, feels Mr Lauti, might 1 give credibility to the US claim. Washington is very eager to get 1 its own and third-nation fishing vessels into Tuvaluan waters. 1 A ‘friendship treaty’ is one way in.

Vd Outbreak At Png Co-Ed School

One student in every eight at a co-ed boarding high school in J the Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands is suffering from VD. j One girl in every three and one boy in every five is infected. \ Some are 12-year-old first formers. Education officials, worried I by the outbreak, did not name the school in their public report. $350 000 FISHING DEAL, SOLOMONS-JAPAN Japanese fishing associations will pay a licence fee of $350 000 J for a year's fishing in Solomon Islands’ exclusive economic J zone. A draft agreement to this effect reached after more than two weeks of talks in Honiara was subject to endorsement by j the Solomons Cabinet and the Japanese Government. Japanese pole and line vessels will be allowed to take up to 6000 tonnes! of skipjack tuna under the agreement.

Tongan King Backs Off On Soviet Deal

King Taufa’ahau Tupou, of Tonga, aware of concern in Australia, I New Zealand and the USA, has backed off from a .proposal by ■ Russia to build a fishing fleet base in Tonga is return for an aid ; programme including extensions to Fua’amotu airport.

Marshallese Act On Kwajalein Base

Angry Marshallese landowners were still occupying parts of the i important US army Kwajalein missile base in September. They| were demanding more land rental money from the US Govern-1 ment. The base commander said they were in no danger so.long ! as they did not ‘stray into wrong areas’.

International Sports Body In Png

Riding on the enthusiasm of its first medal win in a Common-wealth Games, Papua New Guinea is to set up an International ; Sports Foundation. The government will finance the foundation; with an annual grant of SA2SO 000. PNG boxer Tumat Sogolikj won a silver medal at the August games at Edmontonl Canada.

Wrong Medicines Bring Tragedy

Incorrect medication for minor stomach upsets is believed to have caused the deaths of eight babies and toddlers at KimbeJ Papua New Guinea, in October.

The Hard News

Major news stories of the month including the Niue meeting' of the South Pacific Forum, along with accompanying divisions« over fisheries policies, and Tuvalu independence celebrations on October 1 are covered in PlM’s early news pages, starting p 17. Other major stories - the arrest in Papua New Guinea of Irian Jaya rebel leader Jacob Prai, the new Anglo-French plans for an independent New Hebrides, and the recent, sometimes acrimonious, exchanges between leaders of the two Samoas appear in Political Currents, starting p 28. 16 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

Pacific Report

THE NIUE FORUM:

Regionalism To

Sub-Regionalism?

PIM editor. Bob Hawkins, was in Niue in September for the meeting of the South Pacific Forum. He found the ‘Pacific Wav' under some strain as conflicting interests among member countries emerged, and the shadow of new, sub-regional groupings took on more substance than has been known before. fhoughts of a sub-regional grouping have been exercising Polynesian minds for some ime, particularly in the eastern 3 acific. Wrangles, unacceptible decisions and deterioratng personal relationships at he South Pacific Forum meetng in Alofi, Niue, in Sepember, have served to leighten speculation that an :ast Polynesian sub-regional grouping, involving initially Vestern Samoa and American lamoa, Niue and Cook slands, will soon be formed.

But the east Polynesians are tot alone in their thoughts. r iji’s Prime Minister Ratu Sir Camisese Mara, less than a /eek after the Niue Forum nded, said in Suva that there /as pressure at the other end f the Pacific for another subegional grouping. ‘We may 3in with Papua New Guinea nd Solomon Islands,’ he aid.

What then are the confor the Forum? In ae short term, probably othing serious. What it will lean is that problems peculiar ) one or the other end of the acific will be worked out trough the coming sub- Jgional groupings. Only prob- ;ms of a common nature, of ital interest to all members nd on which there is reasonble hope of acceptable conmsus, are likely to find their ay onto a Forum agenda.

This year’s Niue Forum was ke none before. Ratu Mara as quite openly shocked at le lobbying which went on at lofi, both on the fisheries contrition issue and on the queson of a successor for Mahe upouniua who was supposed to be retiring from his post as director of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation (SPEC). This had never happened before, said Ratu Mara. Western Samoa’s Prime Minister Tupuola Efi was clearly bitter at the attitudes of Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Fiji which prevented the United States from becoming a member of a South Pacific Regional Fisheries Organisation (SPRFO). And so was Cook Islands Premier Tom Davis.

It seems that leaders from east and west are beginning to feel that as well as problems common to all, there are two other kinds of problems in the South Pacific: those that worry the little boys, and those that affect the big boys. When the little boys have a problem there’s little sympathy from the big; when it’s the other way around the feeling is mutual.

Well, anyway, that’s how some delegates at Niue saw the situation.

In the case of the fisheries, the little boys were eager to capitalise on the royalties aspect of their 200-mile resources zones. Premier Tom Davis summed it up this way: ‘When my own people have an economic status so low, any source of income is most welcome.

And the faster the better.’

From the west came the voice: ‘Royalties returns are peanuts,’ intimating that some members couldn’t see any further than the end of someone else’s fishing line. The real way to affluence, this voice argued, was for the island nations to work vigorously toward exploiting their own resources instead of licensing out rights to all the big distant water fishing nations to come in, take what they want and. to make matters worse not always telling their hosts how much they had taken.

Basically, the position was this. Western Samoa. Cook Islands, Niue, possibly, with less conviction, and maybe the odd other tiny island nation, were keen to see the draft convention, negotiated in Suva in June, on the formation of the SPRFO. signed, sealed and put into operation.

But this draft negotiated on the Forum’s behalf by SPEC with United States State Department officials and which would have allowed membership of SPRFO to distant water fishing nations, including the US, Britain, France, Chile and others in no way, it seemed, suited Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands.

While supporters of the draft were eager to get on with the job of negotiating 200-mile fishing agreements with distant water operators with the apparently comforting knowledge that they were all in SPRFO together, the ‘antis’ were reluctant to allow an organisation which brought in nations outside of the ranks of the Forum membership.

Was it a distrust of US motives? Was it a concern that the US which has a federal law which does not recognise the right of coastal nations to control the exploitation of the ‘highly migratory species’ element of their 200-mile fisheries wealth had been party to the Suva negotiations with the objective of‘screwing’ the South Pacific nations en bloc in one agreement rather than having to negotiate with them one at a time and ‘screw’ then individually?

PIM, after a week of listening to the viewpoints of both sides, and coming to realise the complexities of the situation political and technical is not ready to comment. What did become clear was that PNG.

Fiji and Solomon Islands went home satisfied at a job well done. Western Samoa and Cook Islands, in particular, were not impressed. By the time I got to Pago Pago to talk with American Samoa’s first elected Governor, Samoan Peter Tali Coleman, he was positively discussing the prospects of a sub-regional grouping of eastern Polynesian interests to settle problems, peculiar to them, which are not shared by the big boys from centre and west.

Perhaps, logically, it was one of the two real big boys Australia, the other being New Zealand who came up with an interim proposal, ‘accepted without a vote’, which at least got SPRFO off the ground.

Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser suggested that the Forum should decide ‘forthwith’ to establish a fisheries organisation. with the Port Moresby declaration of 1977 as a guide but with membership restricted to the Forum ‘at this stage’. Mr Fraser’s proposal called for SPEC officials to report ‘in not more than six months on any changes, modifications or amplifications to the terms of reference, responsibilities and powers that may be required’ and, more pointedly, ‘that officials also report at the same time on the advisability and practicality of the draft convention together with any modifications that may be desirable’.

It seemed Australia was holding out the hope that time, more talking, and a cooling period, might eventually lead to a compromise, acceptable to the big boys, which could bring distant water fishing nations Ratu Mara .. . openly shocked.

Tupuola Efi . . . clearly bitter. 17 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

into SPRFO membership. Not likely.

A moment to record a couple of comments, typical of disgruntled delegates emerging from the downstairs assembly chamber of Niue’s smart new Fale Fono parliament or assembly building a gift from New Zealand. ‘We were really screwed by those big bastards,’ said one. Puzzled. I observed: ‘I thought Australia and New Zealand were keeping a pretty low profile and behaving themselves.’ ‘No, not Australia and New Zealand,’ he replied.

T mean those big bastards - PNG and Fiji.' Quote two a lonely one: ‘lt looks as if we are going to have to do it all by ourselves.’

A skerrick. picked up elsewhere, in two different island capitals, perhaps gives some insight to a part of the reason the Forum big men were not ready to allow the going to be easy for the US or their smaller fellow Forum members. Apparently, while the negotiations on the draft conventions were going on in Suva in June, the Fiji capital was almost buzzing with US fisheries industry representatives, very much to the consternation of some Island leaders.

Poor America, it seems it comes on too strong even when it is apparently trying to be helpful.

Whatever, SPEC officials had simply done their job.

Working on the guidelines of the Port Moresby 1977 Forum, they had come up with a draft convention which they knew, and not so deep down either, would get short shrift from PNG, Solomon Islands and Fiji. Australia and New Zealand, who, it seems, would have liked to see the draft convention adopted, were soon to shift their ground when the Forum power-brokers showed their hands.

So, for the time being anyway, advantages as seen from the east Polynesian viewpoint will not be available.

They amount to almost immediate revenue for hardpressed economies, more efficient surveillance (from within and without their waters because official US Government involvement would have helped policing), and, in American Samoa’s case, no uncertainty about sources of supply for their two big American cannery operations of Starkist and Van Camp.

Governor Coleman was obviously concerned at the Forum outcome. Pago Pago’s canneries depend heavily on access to the waters of neighbouring nations. Apparently Starkist and Van Camp are already mumbling a bit about performance. The latest hiatus isn’t going to cheer them up.

The fisheries agreement wasn’t the only ‘head on’. The directorship of SPEC apparently generated even more bitterness. Mahe Tupouniua, hailed for his performance as director since SPEC’s foundation, had announced he was returning to ministerial duties in Tonga at the end of the year.

A replacement had to be found. The position was advertised several months ago. A flood of applications 36 poured in, many applicants not realising that the SPEC directorship involves a lot of political considerations. The only two nominees which came to my notice were those of PNG’s Sir Maori Kiki and Western Samoa’s Professor Felix Wendt. (Sir Maori is a former deputy prime minister of PNG, having lost his seat at last year’s general election and then having failed to regain a place in parliament in a by-election this year). Professor Wendt is head of the Agricultural College of Alafua in Western Samoa.

Even then, as a PNG delegate described him. Sir Maori began to ‘look like a yo-yo’.

First he was in as a candidate.

Then he was out. Then in. On the eve of the appointment decision, it seemed he was back in. Visible discussion,'if not solid lobbying, was going on among PNG and other delegation members in response to equally enthusiastic Western Samoan lobbying for Professor Wendt. But, in the morning and final session of the Forum, the news came from downstairs that Mahe Tupouniua, if the blessing of the Tongan Government was forthcoming and it seemed it would be was in the chair for probably another 12 months.

The press gets nothing official on these matters. PIM heard that one delegation leader had threatened to walk out if PNG pushed the Sir Maori line. To avoid such an un-Pacific happening, PNG Prime Minister Michael Somare had withdrawn Sir Maori’s nomination. We’re pretty sure we’re right that far.

Then the picture fades a bit.

Did Western Samoan Prime Minister Tupuola Efi then withdraw Professor Wendt’s nomination? And from somewhere was the name of Niue’s Minister for Economic Development Young Vivian put up? And did Mr Vivian withdraw because no written nomination had been put in on his behalf? Anyway, Niue was lobbying members to support Mr Vivian’s nomination for the secretary-generalship of the South Pacific Commission.

Whatever the chain of events, apparently the atmosphere was tense. The old rift between Tupuola Efi and Fiji’s Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, looked like becoming a chasm.

But why they should have been at loggerheads on this issue was not entirely clear, unless the Fijian leader had been pushing the Kiki line harder than Mr Somare. Later in Suva. Ratu Mara said his choice would have been an applicant from Geneva, whose name never surfaced.

It wasn’t all as bitter as the fisheries and SPEC directorship issues might suggest.

The brighter side of the Niue Forum is in PIM Tradewinds.

Niue turned it on for Forum It was the biggest thing that had ever happened on Niue. Without the new Fale Fono this little island nation’s national assembly, a gift from New Zealand and still being painted on the morning it was officially opened Niue could not have volunteered to host the ninth South Pacific Forum.

About 100 outsiders among them national leaders and two deputies came to Niue. There was no way the island’s only hotel as neat and clean and attractive as it was when it opened about three years ago could accommodate everyone. And, though security was hardly necessary, it was somehow fitting its 20 rooms should be reserved (with the odd exception) for leaders only.

For the supporting officials and the small press contingent much better was in store. They were billeted with families in villages, some at the other side of the island and that’s about as far as you can go on Niue.

More embarrassing, but very touching, was the Niuean custom of making a gift to their guests on their departure and that after a week of lavish hospitality (two for those involved in South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation pre-Forum deliberations).

Never at any stage did anyone seem short of transport. ‘Official’ drivers often were senior Niuean public servants.

Hosts laid on their own transport to supplement the government pool of less than 20 cars, pick-ups and four-wheel drives.

If the national leaders and their delegations thought the pace of both a demanding Forum and a seemingly neverending round of fiafia (feasting) was exhausting, what must those delicious coconut crabs of Niue have thought about it?

They died literally in their hundreds to adorn pigs backs and to give a pink glow to table upon table of island wealth.

After the crab in the favour stakes came inimitable Niuean raw fish in lime juice and coconut milk, chickens probably in their thousands, pigs by the score, beef, reef fish, deep fish, taro (which Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara of Fiji, using the Fijian word dalo, described as among the best he has tasted), sweet potato, pumpkin, yams, passionfruit juice, lime juice (Niuean water). ..

Niue’s Premier Robert Rex and its population of less than 4000 living on their lonely 250 square kilometre island, did it in style. Solomon Islands, next year’s host, can view Niue’s performance with both optimism and trepidation. But, as Solomon’s representative Minister for Natural Resources Paul Tovua said as he flew out to Pago Pago: Tf Niue can do it, there is no reason why we should not be able to do it.’ 18

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Niue hotter than some may think •mall but hot. That’s how 'liueans like to think of themelves and their island nation, lut their 250 square kilometre oral outcrop home might be lotter than they think. It’s not lews that radio-activity levels •n Niue are the highest in the louth Pacific at least among dands where the radio-activity > regarded as being of natural •rigin.

What is news is that mining iterests are now putting down sntative feelers to find out if t is uranium. ‘Who knows /hat is down there,’ said the Jiue Government’s resident conomist Ron Layton. ‘There > a radio-active anomaly. It aust have been caused by □mething. It is virtually cerain that radio-activity of that was caused by uranium. It light be gone now. It is on that ind of basis, plus a few geoigical theories, that we are nding out.’

The government has been airly cautious in its approach d uncovering the secret of their •land but not cautious enough s far as New Zealand, with /horn Niue has a special reationship, is concerned. The uestion was discussed extenively in both the Niue cabinet nd assembly and it was deided last year to push through mining act to cover all continencies before allowing in the liners.

Three individuals appear to lake up the investigating ;am. John Barrie, who is k.vian Mining; John Rowntree, Canadian geologist who is ustral Syndicate; and Frank elly, whose company, F. A. elly Ltd, is doing the drilling.

Drilling rig on Niue: hopes and fears Drilling began about 11 kilometres along the road from Alofi to Hakupu toward the southern end of the island. Two holes were abandoned for technical reasons, one at about 50 metres, the other at less than 20 metres. It is understood drilling to a depth of something short of 200 metres is planned.

Which is why both the New Zealand Government and some Niueans are concerned.

The people of Niue live in enviable harmony with nature.

Because of its porous surface, Niue, for all its area, has no lakes, rivers or streams. When it rains the water is sucked in, spongelike. But the water lies in a lens, just beneath the surface, a delicate lens which some observers fear could be disturbed should uranium or other riches be found and the government give in to the temptation to exploit those riches. Open-cut mining is the method being talked about. ‘Can you imagine what would happen if Niue’s fresh water table were exposed to the atmosphere? pondered one resident.

There’s also the folklore.

Secretary to Government Terry Chapman mentioned that some Niueans see their island as being in the shape of a mushroom, the stem plunging to the bed of the ocean. Too much shaking around could break the stem causing Niue to plunge beneath the waves.

And then there are those who fear radio-activity could pollute the water. And some who think holes bored at random around the island could lead to salt water mixing with fresh.

Some obviously feel that, well, it is best left alone. ‘We wuz robbed’ Sir Albert tells UN The Cook Islands’ former Premier Sir Albert Henry wants the United Nations decolonisation committee to check the role played by the New Zealand Government in the Cook Islands’ March general election, and the subsequent court action that dumped his ruling party, writes William Gasson from Wellington.

The decision of the Cook Islands Chief Justice last July invalidated the votes of passengers on charter flights arranged by Sir Albert to fly Cook Islanders from New Zealand to Rarotonga, and cost the ruling party nine seats, and political power. ‘lnformation now gathered and placed in safe keeping in Melbourne proves about 50-50 that Wellington did have something to do with this whole drama,’ Sir Albert claimed when he arrived in Auckland from a September visit to Australia. He said the petition calling for the investigation was filed with the UN committee by Professor Otto Ulc, professor of political science at New York State University. He acts as the Cook Islands honarary representative to the UN.

He bases his evidence for calling for the investigation on suspicions. ‘We gave the committee some ideas of what happened. I don’t like to say more,’

Sir Albert said.

He then repeated his claim made earlier this year that a New Zealand government department has assisted the then opposition party leader Dr Tom Davis during his election campaign. Sir Albert said he felt there had been interference in the internal selfgovernment of the Cook Islands and claimed tht the whole political situation there now seemed farcical to the people. ‘The only alternative is to go back to the people and let them decide,’ he added.

And would he want to be Premier again? i would ... I don't know.

But I think the people say they haven’t found one yet who could beat me.' Mr Muldoon’s reaction was to shrug off the UN petition. ‘I don’t think we should take this seriously,’ he said. ‘Albert Henry was obviously deeply shocked when the court found against him. but the court was operating under Cook Islands law and he has been the head of the government since the time of self-government and is thus responsible for the Cook Islands law. ‘lt was under his own law that his Cook Islands court found in the way that it did and that was the end of his government so at that point there in no case for any allegations of outside interference. The whole thing has been done in the Cook Islands and in accordance with Cook Islands law.’

Mr Muldoon’s view was that no UN committee would take Sir Albert’s petition seriously.

The Christchurch Star, in an editorial about the ‘irrepressible’ former premier, said he ‘may be down, but he’s not out’. For years he had lent comic relief to New Zealand’s newspaper columns and television screens with his outrageous comments. ‘Now he’s at it again. It makes no difference that his government has been ousted by the judgment of Chief Justice Donne, who branded the election “the greatest perversion of representative democracy’’.’

The Star said that Mr Justice Donne’s judgment was well reasoned, ‘and will doubtless serve as a warning to emerging Island governments for many years to come’. ‘Sir Albert in his early years of office did much good for the Cook Islands and is still remembered affectionately by many in spite of his doubledealing nosedive. It would be better for all concerned if he left it that way and slipped quietly into history,’ the editorial said. 19

’Acific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Andrew Jakeo, The

Reluctant Elder

Of Bikini Atoll

A merican journalist Mike Malone covered the September relocation of Bikinians from their home atoll to Kili made necessarry by Bikini’s continuing high radiation levels. In particular he investigated the case of Andrew Jakeo, a man who, with some 30 followers, refused to make the move to Kili. He filed the following exclusive report, with the accompanying pictures, for PIM: Andrew Jakeo was a young man of 36 when the Americans first asked him to leave his homeland in 1946. In September on Bikini, the site of 23 nuclear tests that ended in 1958, history repeated itself.

Jakeo, now a Bikini elder and traditional leader of 68 years, and about 140 other islanders, reluctantly left their coral-and-sand atoll for the second time, after learning that they were absorbing levels of radioactive cesium-137 at an alarmingly high rate.

Their departure did not come easy. When Trust Territory High Commissioner Adrian P. Winkel arrived on Bikini with nearly 40 newsmen from around the world, Jakeo and his people declared their intention to stay on Bikini. For Jakeo and other Bikinians who came back here after being told by American scientists in 1968 that their homeland was safe, the news that they would be asked to leave was a bitter blow. T don’t care about radiation on Bikini,’ Jakeo told the high commissioner through an interpreter. T will send out my children and family if that is necessary. Bikini is my home, my freedom, my happiness.

You can take my life now. Bury me beside my home, but I will never return to Kili.’

After being told in 1946 that their removal for atomic testing would be for the ‘.. . good of mankind and to end all wars,’ the Bikini people trusted the Americans’ assurances that they would be well cared for.

But less than a year after their relocation to Rongerik Atoll, they were starving. In 1948 they were taken to Kili, an isolated island of about I.3sqkm. In contrast to Bikini Atoll’s huge lagoon surrounded by numerous islands, Kili lacks a lagoon and heavy seas make it inaccessible in winter months.

An American teacher on Kili, Ralph Waltz, 36, recalled losing 18 kg in weight during one winter when six months passed without the visit of a supply ship. Many people refer to Kili as ‘the prison’. ‘Thirty years ago you (the US) took us to Kili and left us there,’ Jakeo told the high commissioner. ‘Then you forgot about us. Many years passed and your promises were not kept. Now you want to take us back to Kili. I am afraid you will forget about us again.’

To ease the situation. High Commissioner Winkel brought news that Kili would only be a temporary relocation site.

Twenty-eight wooden tin-roof houses have been built there, in addition to a dispensary and a school. There is the promise of a dock to be built soon all part of a $l5 million relocation program now being considered by the US Congress.

But the Bikinians want eventually to return to Bikini Atoll, to Eneu Island, which is thought to be safe by scientists, although radiological tests will continue there until next year.

Failing that, the Bikinians have asked to be given land in Hawaii or on the US mainland.

However, a day of delicate negotiations with High Commissioner Winkel brought an agreement whereby Jakeo and his followers, about 30 people, would leave Bikini, but not go to Kili. Instea'd, they will settle on an uninhabited island in Majuro Atoll near the Marshalls district centre and medical facilities. The rest of the Bikinians agreed to resettle on Kili.

Before leaving Bikini, Winkel acknowledged the ‘regrettable’ error made by the scientists in 1968 when Bikini was declared ‘safe’, and praised the people for their ‘responsible decisiofi’ to leave their homeland again. ‘As far as the present risks are concerned’, Winkel said, ‘we cannot afford to play God. The risk is indeed great. Ten years from now, who knows, maybe the scientists will determine Bikini safe again. But the risk exists if you stay.’ Medical examinations will be given to the Bikini people every three months to I monitor their body levels of radioactivity.

Shortly before sunset on that final day on Bikini, after all the islanders and their belongings were loaded aboard the two I ships that came to take them ] away, Jakeo walked the length 1 of his deserted home island I alone perhaps for the last] time. As a ship’s whistle sounded, Jakeo put his outrigger canoe into the blue lagoon I and paddled out to the waiting 1 vessel.

Micronesian News Service I adds to Mike Malone’s \ account: The islanders were given a I memorandum of understand-1 ing which declares that the I Government of the United States ‘considers itself generally responsible for the wellbeing of the Bikini people and their descendants’. It also provides that the Department of the Interior, which administers 1 the Trust Territory, will call I upon other agencies of the US j Government to assist it, particularly the Department of Energy. This is to ensure that, I among other things, the medical needs of the Bikinians will be met.

Each Bikinian was given 100 • dollars as a relocation allow-] ance to purchase necessities. | Winkel emphasised that this j was ‘not intended to constitute j compensation’ but was a onetime, lump-sum relocation payment. Bikinians are the i beneficiaries of a SUS 3 million] trust fund set up by the United States and administered 1 independently by a bank in Hawaii. Winkel said this will be doubled when Congress ap- j proves a new allocation to be j used on behalf of the Bikinians. Approval is expected this year or early next year, he said.

No restrictions were placed \ on foreign media personnel in talking with the Bikinians or photographing events con- j nected with the relocation.

Two events lifted the j Bikinians’ spirits and served to dispel somewhat the sadness of departure the births of babies: one on Bikini the night before the move, the other aboard ship en route to Kili. ■ Andrew Jakeo (right) speaks to High Commissioner Winkel through interpreter Henchi Balos. His message: He will not go back to Kili. 20 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

Tuvalu: For Britain not just a sunset but a total eclipse Says Bob HAWKINS ; English and unimpressed 1953 London; Coronation time. It’s pouring.

Tonga’s irrepressible Queen Salote rides the city streets in an open carriage. Britons love it. 1078 Tuvalu: Independence time. It’s raining on Funafuti. Princess Margaret, reportedly with a 104 degree F temperature, stays confined on the HMNZS Otago.

Tuvaluans do not love it.

It may not be a fair comparison. But it seems that the one and only characteristic of empire I could ever admire a refusal to surrender to whatever adversary is dead in the Briton’s soul. Or, perhaps, royal flu, penumonia, or whatever, is much more serious than the common variety.

English-born, and with residual pride, I waited in the hope that Princess Margaret would rise from her sick bed, make an eleventh hour dash ashore, and appear dramatically falteringly, if necessary at the September 30 midnight switching hour (Tuvalu’s flag for Britain’s). Sure, there were three cheers for Queen Elizabeth 11. But Tuvaluans, who know just how tough living can be, were nol impressed at Meg’s frailty.

One British official observed: ‘lf Margaret is not up to the job, she should say so and give it up.’

Somehow, royalty’s non-appearance fitted the occasion. It is clear that both Tuvalu politicians and some British officials serving on Funafuti are disgruntled at the UK’s parting attitude. Britain is finished in Tuvalu.

Prime Minister Toalipi Lauti said he was ‘disappointed’ at the outcome of London negotiations on assistance for Tuvalu after independence. It seemed he would have liked to have come on stronger. This large man of imposing presence seemed more hurt at UK’s demeanour than its lack of generosity. He’s not worried about other aid sources several other nations and agencies are willing to stand by Tuvalu. In his speech to a parting Britain, Prime Minister Lauti pointedly observed that Tuvalu had moved into constitutional and political independence; economic independence was yet to come.

All in all, it was hard to find a good word from anybody for Britain. So little it seems had been done on the ‘Brits’ part to learn about Tuvalu: so much had been done on the Tuvaluans’ part to cope with the influx of visitors on an island hard-pressed to feed its own people without a heavy import bill, let alone a crowd of hard-drinking diplomats, officials, soldiers and sailors off five vessels, and various other interested parties.

Tuvalu with a combination of throbbing traditional music and dancing, a ready smile, traditional hospitality, and a superb dignity personified in the presence of Prime Minister Lauti had no problem matching up to the occasion. But for the Brits, it all seemed to be summed up in Lord Napier’s pronunciation when he read Princess Margaret’s speech for her on October 1. It just made him seem so very alien when he talked of ‘Fun-uff-at-ee’ (say it fast).

Bob Hawkins I love you Tuvalu' says the message across this broad back but hardly echoed in Britain's farewell. It maybe wouldn't be a bad idea to incorporate it in the new nation's official insignia. 21

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

CONSERVATION Conserving the Pacific heritage: Idea whose time has arrived?

There’s nothing so powerful as an idea whose time has arrived - so runs an old saying. It doesn’t seem too far-fetched to apply it to the theme of this month’s PIM cover the need for a conscious effort to preserve the architectural and cultural treasures of the South Seas.

Consider the following facts.

In May, 1977, PlM’s publisher, Stuart Inder, devoted his column ‘Up Front’ to this theme, focusing particularly on the buildings in the former Fiji capital of Fevuka. His column drew an enthusiastic response, in a letter published in PIM, September, 1977, from Honolulu architect, George J.

Wimberly, who said in part: ‘We, in the Development Authority of the Pacific Area Travel Association, are pushing very hard for just this type of preservation and are presently exploring the means and methods of organising (for want of a better term) what we call The Pacific Society ... ‘The Pacific area needs a great deal of help in its preservation efforts as most of the architecture has not been constructed with very permanent materials. Even wellintentioned maintenance sometimes obscures the architectural grace of the original structure.’

Things have moved a bit since then. A more recent letter to Mr Inder from John Kenaston of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, reports that last year’s 26th PATA conference, held in Hong Kong, adopted a resolution for the creation of a Pacific Heritage Society. A sub-committee was formed within the PATA under the chairmanship of Dale Keller, ‘who.’ says Mr Kenaston, ‘has achieved a position of international prominence for his design work and sensitivity towards the preservation and development of the heritage and regional culture in those many areas where he has been involved’.

Among PATA documents enclosed by Mr Kenaston is one that asks the question; ‘Why should a travel organisation concern itself with the protection of heritage?’, and offers the following reply: ‘ln many PATA member countries, the characteristics that make that country different are steadily, and in some cases rapidly, being eroded. If action is not taken to modify this situation we may be in danger of losing some of the qualities that led PATA, from the outset, to urge people to “discover the friendly Pacific”... ‘Something needs to be done to draw the attention of the public in general and of the travel industry in particular to the existing dangers. It is not too late in the Pacific. We can and should take steps to preserve that part of everyone’s ethnic or national heritage that makes them unique. Unlike Europe, which is now “trying to correct the mistakes of the past”, we must try to “prevent the mistakes of the future”.’

The document makes some hard-headed business points: ‘Unique cultures attract man’s interest in other areas of the world and thus open the door to travel. There is, in fact, an interdependence between tourism and conservation, in which each contributes to the economic viability of the other.’

Putting its money where its mouth is, PATA resolved to allocate $lO 000 ‘for activities in 1978-79 aimed at furthering the objectives and facilitating the formation of a Pacific Heritage Society’.

Plans for 1978-79 include development of a mailing list and a membership programme, completion of a research project already begun, publication of two papers related to the functions and aims of the Society, and the organisation of a Pacific-wide meeting.

PIM correspondent Victor Carell, w orking a parallel furrow', makes a special examination of the problems of preserving the beauties of Levuka in PI M’s Yesterday feature this month (see pp 50-51).

Vila’s big show pulls in crowds The sixth Vila Agriculture I Show was held in September! with seven out of every eight of I the population of the New!

Hebrides’ main island, Efate, I attending, writes Greg Nos-1 worthy from Vila. Held ini excellent conditions, a carnival! atmosphere prevailed through-] out the two-day show.

Custom dancing was prob-| ably the biggest attraction, with I a group from Tongoa Island I winning the first prize of SASOO I with their highly authentic dis-| play. A charity queen compe-1 tition is also held in I conjunction with the show and I this year FNHS7O 000 J (about 5A6900) was collected] by entrants vying for the valu-1 able prizes.

With agriculture the New] Hebrides principal industry,! there was no shortage of] exhibits in the livestock and I produce divisions. Ships visit-! ing outer islands collected I more than four tonnes of pro-1 duce for exhibition.

The show is held in Colar- j deau Park.

Strongly supported by all levels of government and by] Mayor Remy Delaveuve, the agricultural show seems j assured of continual success. I In less danger than many fine old buildings through the Pacific is Vailima, former home near Apia of famous author Robert Louis Stevenson, and now official residence of Western Samoa’s Head of State. 22

Pacific Islands Monthly November, 19V8

TROPICALITIES Treasuring the Galapagos The leading French daily Le Monde has just carried a series of three long articles by French journalist Yvonne Rebeyrol on the Galapagos Islands, 1100 km off the coast of South America, which form part of the Republic of Ecuador. . Entitled ‘ The Enchanted Noah’s Ark\ the articles provide vivid descriptions of the unique flora and fauna of the Galapagos which, in 1835, provided Charles Darwin with important elements of his then revolutionary theory of the evolution of the species through natural selection. The Ecuadorian Government has proposed that the Galapagos )e included in the world culural and natural heritage instiution whose establishment vas proposed last January by he United Nations Edu- :ational and Scientific Organsation.

Rebeyrol provides details of he strict measures taken by the icuadorian Government to irotect this heritage, which ould be of interest to other Paific governments with natural reasures to be guarded.

She writes: The Galapagos /ere opened to tourists in 1969.

Tey have since become acreasingly popular. In 1977 here were 6790 tourists, 18.5% f them Ecuadorians. But it has ow been decided that under o circumstances will more lan 12 000 tourists be ccepted in any year. ‘Tourists cannot move about lone. Either they go on an rganised trip headed by one f the 25 official guides, or they ike one of the guides aboard ieir yacht, or, thirdly, they can •avel in one of the 20 fishing oats captained by authorised uides. All guides must do a aining course at the ialapagos’ Darwin Station be- Dre being approved by the ark service. ‘Twenty-seven itineraries ave been planned on several f the islands (5% of the park’s irface) so that visitors may see 5 much interesting flora and luna as possible. But, accordig to the itineraries, the numer of tourists is limited in some cases to 80, and in others to as few as 15, a day. No domestic animals may be taken on these trips. No food may be given to the native animals, and it is forbidden to touch them. Visitors are asked not to drop paper, fruit, plastic bags or cigarette butts (though smoking is permitted) during their walks on the islands or the sea crossings between them . . .’

Then she makes the following comments, which will have a familiar ring for those who have come in contact with a certain type of tourist: ‘One wonders why some foreigners come from so far away to the Galapagos. Guides welcoming their groups sometimes hear aggressive statements like the following, made by way of introduction, by some tourists; “I don’t believe in evolution anyway .. .” Some visitors also protest: “These islands aren’t interesting at all. You can see the sea anywhere. Animals too.

Anyway, if I wanted photos, I could buy them in Quito.”

Some don’t even get out of the boats. You can also hear idiotic quesions such as: “Those birds flying over there, are they the local cormorants that can’t fly?” ...

Call for ‘million PNG soldiers’

There is not enough money available to increase the yearly recruitment of soldiers, Papua New Guinea’s Defence Force Minister, Mr Louis Mona has said. Mr Mona told parliament that at present the defence force was recruiting 100 men a year. He was replying to Mr Ibne Kor (Nipa-Kutubu) during question time in parliament.

Mr Kor said he was concerned about the size of the defence force in comparison to Indonesia and feared that another country may invade PNG. He said there are three million people in Papua New Guinea, and at least a million of these should be soldiers. Mr Kor said many Grade 10 school leavers who did not have jobs should join the defence force.

Mr Mona said he too was concerned about the size of the defence force but could not do anything at this stage due to financial problems.

The Club Med puts to sea ...

The Club Mediterranee is the name, not only of a French company which has been highly successful in the tourist business, but also of one of the strangest ships to be launched since the classical iron monster, the Great Eastern, write Marie- Therese and Bengt Danielsson from Papeete. Although this magnificent, 72 m long, fourmasted ship, which cost .more than SA2 million to build, arrived here in Tahiti to a great fanfare as recently as June this year, she has already been hidden away in the local naval yard and seemingly forgotten.

We have delved into this mystery and have discovered what has happened.

It should first be said that from whatever point of view we look at this extraordinary vessel, she should never have been built at all. But built she was, and for the sole purpose of allowing the famous French navigator Alain Colas (who, you might remember, in 1974 raced alone around the world in 169 days in his Polynesian catamaran Manureva) to win the trans-Atlantic race in 1976.

The organising committee did not bother to impose any restrictions on the size of participating craft, probably thinking that common sense and limitations of finance would form a natural barrier to the entry of sea-going extravaganzas like the Club Mediterranee.

As it happened, Alain Colas’s consuming desire to beat his arch-rival Eric The August issue of PIM, with its widely acclaimed coverage of the phenomenon of the Third Sex in Polynesia , found itself in unusual company on this news-stand at downtown Sydney’s busy Wvnvard railway station. 23 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

Tabarly, combined with the Club Med director’s love for lavish promotions, to give birth to a 245-tonne iron ship, with a specially built 50-tonne uranium keel and four masts, all of them of equal height at 31 m, wholly steered and manoeuvred by a push-button system from a well-protected bridge cabin. To give some idea of the degree of sophistication achieved, let us say only that a TV camera at the foot of each mast permitted Colas to observe on a screen at his command post, at any time, the exact position of every sail. The total surface of canvas employed was 972 sq m, which made it possible for the craft to maintain an average cruising speed of more than 10 knots.

Fortunately for everybody Eric Tabarly won the race, thus showing the way back to a competition of more human dimensions, where skill and courage are the decisive factors.

The owner coped with the questions of impertinent newspapermen as to the embarrassing failure of this floating data bank to win the race saying that the ship’s ultimate destination anyway was Tahiti, as confirmed by her registry at the time of launching.

As soon as the sleek monster swept into Papeete harbour on June 2 the Club Med directors proudly announced a most impressive schedule, according to which she was to make every week no fewer than three trips to or around Moorea, as well as one to the Leeward Islands.

The departure and arrival times were shown for each voyage, exactly as on a railway schedule. This made many oldtimers laugh incredulously. But a few more charitable individuals remarked that we had, after all, to do with a new phenomenon a kind of ocean train. The number of passengers to be carried was 96 for the day trips, and 40 for the longer trip to Bora Bora and Huahine.

It all worked beautifully for a few weeks, until the ship simply vanished. On inquiries, the representatives of the Club Med either kept mum, or mumbled something about urgent repairs. This seemed strange, since the ship had undergone extensive remodelling and improvements just before coming out to Tahiti.

The true explanation, as it turned out, was that the uranium keel had split vertically, and that there was no way of repairing it short of perhaps taking the whole ship to pieces.

We have a feeling that destiny is pointing to the ultimate solution, which would be to cut up the hull into parts and make four separate sailing vessels of it, each with its own mast.

As to the unusual choice of metal for the keel, the only comment worth making is that to bring a 50 tonne piece of uranium to these islands, already exposed to the radioactivity released by 42 nuclear test in the atmosphere, resembles nothing more than carrying coals to Newcastle.

Harder to visit Moresby’s sick Free meals and casual roundthe-clock visiting are coming under the axe at the Port Moresby general hospital. writes Angus Smales from the Papua New Guinea capital.

Hospital officials say that longestablished concessions for hospital visitors, including the entitlement of some to free meals, were being abused.

The hospital was tightening security following the disappearance of two babies from the maternity ward. (Both were later found and returned to their mothers.) Unofficial freedoms under which relatives almost camped in the wards to be with patients are being withdrawn. Visiting hours will come down from five hours a day to two. But the effective reduction in visiting hours is much greater, because unofficially visitors have been coming and going at all hours.

Hospitals in Papua New Guinea face a special problem because large numbers of relatives often camp in the grounds when patients are brought in from outlying villages. On several occasions in Rabaul, Port Moresby and the Highlands relatives were found sharing patients’ beds at night on a roster system.

Officially recognised ‘guardians’ of some patients are also entitled to meal tickets at hospitals.

Hospital officials said the situation was getting out of hand. Only one guardian would henceforth be recognised. and the new visiting hours would be rigidly enforced, they said.

Old frigate still serves science HMAS Diamantina, launched in 1944 and the last of the Royal Australian Navy’s World War II frigates still in service, was in Suva in late September. It was her first visit since 1967.

Her task, in conjunction with the New Zealand oceanographic research ship HMNZS Tui, was the study of factors affecting underwater sound transmission. These include sea floor topography, sea floor sediment structure, sea water temperature and salinity structure, and local ambient noise factors.

Australian and New Zealand research establishments have a programme of such sound transmission projects in the Tasman and Coral Seas, and in the South Fiji Basin.

There was an historical side to Diamantina’s voyage as well.

The four-masted, four-in-one uranium ship Club Mediterranee a wonder, or white elephant, of the age? 24

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

TROPICALITIES

Her visit to Suva almost coincided with the 33rd anniversary of the surrender of Japanese occupation forces in Nauru (September 13, 1945), and Ocean Island (October 1). Surrender ceremonies in these places took place on Diamantina’s quarterdeck.

Record fund for Leper Man Appeal Far-reaching plans for developing the Twomey Memorial Hospital in Fiji into a leprosy training centre are now well under way. A joint agreement for the project has been signed on behalf of the Lepers’

Trust Board of New Zealand by the chairman, Mr A. H. T.

Rose, in Suva. Participants are the Lepers’ Trust Board, the Fijian Government and the World Health Organisation.

The Twomey Memorial Hospital, the Leper Man Appeal’s pioneering contribution to leprosy treatment and prevention in the Pacific Islands, will become a training centre for the whole of the South Pacific. Proposed training programmes and other activities include a histopathology service, laboratory indentification of drug resistance, drug trials, immunilogical studies and epidemiological work.

Such ambitious and comprehensive planning was good to see, Dr W.J. Smith, chairman if the Board’s Medical Advisory Committee, told the Lepers’ Trust Board’s Annual General Meeting recently.

Various planned consultant services requested by territories vere already progressing, he said.

More than $2l 000 for the irst year of development was approved by the board. In the following year the Lepers’

Frust Board will contribute 8 12 760 annually to the proect.

About $34 000 was also allocated for the Hospital’s lew activities area being Manned by the Fiji Govern nent and the Fiji Lepers’ Trust Board. This would meet a need evident for some years, Dr smith told the meeting. Rooms for sewing, handcrafts, such as printing and bookbinding, a studio for Semisi Maya and a showroom, the workshop and shoe shop, will replace the present cramped quarters.

The total grants announced came to a record $406 500 as a result of the 1977 Leper Man Appeal. All grants are for the South Pacific area which is the Board’s special responsibility.

PNG man warns Australia Sweet talk was in short supply at the September reception in Papua New Guinea House, Sydney, to mark the third anniversary of the country’s independence.

PNG Consul-General Austin Sapias told the assembled 150 Australian businessmen and government officials; ‘Australia will have to get up north and sell or lose its market supremacy in PNG. ‘Australia is losing its hold over the $5OO million-a-year PNG market to Japan, the US and New Zealand. ‘We know what we want and that is quality with quantity.

We are looking for the right price.’

Mr Sapias told newsmen later that although Australia still supplied half the country’s needs and PNG was its sixth best market, other nations were making inroads. ‘We don’t want to discriminate against Australia, but it is up to Australian businessmen to supply the right goods at the right price. Australia is pricing itself out of our market. We know you have industrial troubles, but your costs are eroding your position in the PNG market.' Diseases, too, go ‘Western’

The South Pacific Commission and the World Health Organisation have joined forces to stage a conference on metabolic diseases in the Pacific.

Venue was the Republic of Nauru.

According to Nauru’s official news bulletin: ‘The meeting was organised as a result of growing concern at the emergence of diabetes and other chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, gout and heart disease in certain Pacific countries. ‘While these diseases appear to be uncommon in the countries of Melanesia and traditional-living Polynesian and Micronesian societies, there has been a dramatic increase in their incidence as Polynesian and Micronesian populations move from their traditional way of life to one of Westernstyle dietary and physical activity patterns.’

Opening the meeting, Nauruan Health Minister Joseph Audoa said that in the past the main emphasis of medical programmes in the Pacific had been on infectious diseases malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis, filariasis, and so on. Medical science had done much to reduce the impact of these diseases, even though some remained problems.

But a new pattern of disease had now emerged in the related disorders of obesity, diabetes, gout, hypertension and heart disease.

He said; ‘Our health problems are obviously related to important changes which have been taking place in our lifestyle, in the structure of our society, our modes of work.’

Fuatai Sole, Western Samoa, winner of the South Pacific Coconut Climbing Contest, pictured in happy mood on palm tree trunk in Suva’s Sukuna Park after victory. 25 TROPICALITIES

=Acific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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AFTERTHOUGHTS

Of The Making Of

Legends, There

IS NO END with Percy Chatterton in Port Moresby One of the most fascinating of my experiences during the half-acentury in Papua New Guinea has been that of watching the growth of legend.

A persistent legend in pre-war Papua related to the pioneer London Missionary Society missionary, James Chalmers, who was killed and eaten at Goaribari Island in the Papuan Gulf country in 1901. All along the Papuan coast from west to east the story was told of how, on the day of Chalmers’ death, the sun was darkened from noon till afternoon. Those who told the story were probably not aware that in fact Chalmers’ death occurred in the early morning, not at noon; and the resemblance of the story to the New Testament account of the crucifixion is unlikely to be accidental. Yet I have talked with elderly men who have said that they were boys at the time and that they remembered it happening.

I have searched the records for a reference to some natural event which might have given rise to the story, but have failed to find one.

This sort of thing rather shakes one’s trust in eye-witness accounts of happenings. In this connection I recall an occasion when a rather spectacular event took place in a Papuan coastal village. A few days later I asked three of my students (adults, not children), who had been eye-witnesses of the event, to write for me an account of what had happened. The three accounts they turned in differed quite startlingly from one another in quite important ways.

This kind of thing also makes one a bit cynical about the masses of ‘oral history’, the collection and publishing of which is now all the rage in academic circles. I am not implying of course that all ‘oral history’ is unreliable. On the contrary, in the 19505, an elderly man from a village on the shores of Hall Sound, about 60 miles north-west of Port Moresby, gave me a graphic account of the murder of two Europeans in that area in 1875. He dramatised the story in a one-man act of considerable histrionic merit.

I enjoyed the performance but took it with a grain of salt. However, some time later I came on a contemporary account of the event in an unpublished document in the LMS archives, which tallied point by point with the orally transmitted story handed down over four generations.

But in many cases the stream of oral history has been muddied by ingredients imported from the Bible, from European fairy tales, and even from the writings of eminent anthropologists. On one occasion a university student who had spent a vacation in his home village reported that the people of his village had a tradition that their ancestors had come from Egypt. My recollection is that this was published quite uncritically as a contribution to ‘oral history’.

But to get back to the growth of legend. In the years since the war, stories have been cropping up all over the place of how, when the first missionaries arrived at the place of which the story is being told, they were met by hostile tribesmen intent on slaughtering them. At the last moment, a fearless villager sprang in front of them and declared that only over his dead body should the strangers be harmed. Thereafter all was sweetness and light.

These stories, of course, provide marvellous material for dramatic re-enactment, and young people get a lot of fun out of blackening their faces and brandishing spears. But are the stories true? In a few cases they probably are; and of course there were some cases in which the missionaries really did get killed. But in many others, contemporary missionary accounts suggest a friendly and peaceful reception rather than a hostile one.

How then did the stories arise? I think it is because a new generation of admirers of the glorious Melanesian past have felt that it would have somehow been unmanly of their ancestors not to try to kill the intruders. Surely they must have done. So a new legend is bom.

The most recent crop of legends has nothing to do with missionaries; it is concerned with Papua New Guinea’s accession to independence in 1975. Already, only three years later, university students and other young nationalists are prating about ‘our fight for independence’.

The fact is that the only people who had to do any fighting for Papua New Guinean independence were the successive Australian Governments, which as time went on became more and more impatient with Papua New Guinea’s reluctance to accept the independence which Australia was so anxious to press upon it.

True, the Pangu Party had from its inception advocated early self-government and independence; but its supporters were heavily outnumbered by those of the United Party, which had been established specifically for the purpose of delaying independence as along as possible. Right up to the end of 1971, when the second House of Assembly was prorogued. United Party spokesmen were declaring robustly that if they were returned to power in the forthcoming elections there would be no independence for a long long time.

Six months later, Pangu’s Michael Somare became Chief Minister, and thereafter progress towards self-government and independence was rapid, to the relief of the Australian Government. Nobody had to fight for it. But no doubt the legend of Papua New Guinea’s heroic fight for freedom will echo down the years.

It was echoed recently in a letter from a university student to the PNG Post-Courier. From there he proceeded to bundle together a declaration by Commodore Erskine in 1884, a punitive expedition mounted by C. S. Robinson in 1904, and a decision of the Australian Government implemented in 1906, and to blame Sir Hubert Murray, who began his long reign as Lieutenant- Governor in 1908, for the whole package.

He then went on to reject the names ‘Papua’ and ‘New Guinea’ as colonial impositions, and declared that the country must have a new name, a truly Melanesian name. His choice was ‘Niugini’. , I couldn’t quite follow this bit, but perhaps he thinks that phonetic spelling is a Melanesian invention.

UPNG’s library has a very fine ‘New Guinea Collection’ with a full range of contemporary records covering the whole colonial period. And the colonial period is one of the facts of history, however glad we may be that it is over.

It would be a good thing if more of our students had more recourse to this collection and so found out what really happened, instead of making up the history of their country out of their heads. 27

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

POLITICAL CURRENTS VANUAAKU’S

Vital Talks

The Vanuaaku Party’s political commissars are to meet on Ambrym Island, New Hebrides, in the first week of November to consider the suggestion by French Minister for Overseas Department and Territories Paul Dijoud for a 50/50 share in a New Hebrides Government of national unity, writes PIM Editor Bob Hawkins from Noumea, where he covered the South Pacific Conference in October.

Informed Vila sources suggest this could mean a cabinet with as many as 14 members, the new portfolios taking over certain responsibilities now held by incumbent ministers. It seems that some extreme Left elements in the VP are only willing to go along with the proposal, which has British backing, if Chief Minister George Kalsakau is willing to step down. The chief minister is unlikely to accede to such a request.

Vanuaaku Party president.

Father Walter Lini. and secretary, Barak Sope. returned last month from a world tour during which they met Pacific leaders, visited the US, talked with the UN committee of 24 on decolonisation, and talked in London to Lord Goronwy Roberts (Minister responsible for dependent territories) and in Paris to Mr Dijoud.

If the Ambrym meeting accepts the proposal the New Hebrides may be ready to embark upon a four-step path to independence in early 1980; a government of national unity, drawing up of a constitution, a referendum to accept the constitution, and an election late next year to find a government to take the New Hebrides into nationhood. The Vanuaaku Party would prefer an earlier election date, but it would complicate what is already a tricky course of action.

Capture Of

Jacob Prai

A dawn raid by Papua New Guinea police on a house in Vanimo, about 40 km from the Papua New Guinea-Irian Jaya border, may spell ‘finish’ to organised guerrilla rebel resistance in Irian Jaya. The police raid, late in September, netted 36-year-old Jacob Prai, selfstyled president of West Papua, and one of his lieutenants, Otto Ondawame. along with the occupier of the house, Australian Frederick Eiserman, a public works employee.

All three later appeared in court, Prai and Ondawame on a charge of illegal entry into PNG, and Eiserman on a charge of harbouring illegal immigrants. Prai, commanderin-chief of the West Papua guerrilla force and chief thorn in the flesh of the Indonesians, and Ondawame, Prai’s deputy and minister for defence in the rebel de facto Government of West Papua, were sentenced to two months gaol; Eiserman to six months.

Speculation was rife after the news of the arrest was out. Was there some arrangement between Prai and PNG Prime Minister Michael Somare for the former to give himself up?

Some think so but although the query is founded on the fact that Mr Somare and his Cabinet were in Vanimo at the time, this is regarded as mere coincidence. Under a plan drawn up several years ago, Mr Somare and his executives move their meetings around to show the government to the people. And the Vanimo meeting was planned months ago.

Prai may have known of the meeting but he could hardly have entertained any hope of a secret meeting with the Prime Minister. The police raid, so reports say, followed a tip-off.

The two rebel leaders were found to be ill when they were arrested. It has been common knowledge for months that Prai has suffered severely from arthritis and there were reports that a man with first-aid knowledge had been treating the two men since they arrived in Vanimo about a week earlier.

For months, the Indonesians with a force of about 2000 troops, planes and helicopters have been hunting the guerrillas, who have claimed several successes against the Indonesians, not least being the capture of a helicopter and seven hostages. The Irianese have paid dearly. Villages and food gardens have been destroyed and there has been a steady stream of refugees across the border into PNG, many with stories of deaths, suffering and hardship caused by the Indonesian troops.

Prai’s future is bound to embarrass the PNG Government. The Indonesians have indicated that they will seek the extradition of the two leaders, but there is no extradition treaty between the two countries.

Whatever happens, PNG will be vitally interested and involved. The government has been wishing for a long time that the whole problem would go away and there has been much criticism of its actions by Papua New Guineans, who feel that support should be given to their Melanesian brothers across the border.

Ideas are being expressed that some approach should be made to the United Nations, but the UN is hardly likely to attempt to interfere. The Indonesians claim that Irian Jaya and its rebels are purely internal matters.

The UN may be satisfied to salve its conscience by allowing the UNHCR to continue his work of helping PNG to look after the refugees. In August, the UN Commissioner handed over SUSIOO 000 as a grant towards the cost of building houses at Oksapmin in West Sepik for Irian Jayans who fear to return home.

PNG Opposition Leader Mr lambakey Okuk was due in Indonesia in mid-October after visiting Australia. He has been a critic of Mr Somare’s handling of the Irian Jaya problem.

He might have some ideas when he returns to Port Moresby.

Plus, Minus In

Png’S 3 Years

Papua New Guinea was three years old as an independent nation on September 16, writes Angus Smales.

Dancing, singing and music groups from other South Pacific and Asian countriesjoined the Papua New Guineans in their celebrations. Australian Aborigines were among the visiting groups.

In its three years of nationhood since Australian administration ended, Papua New Guinea has given the lie to widespread predictions that independence would bring instability and a shaky economy.

One of the new country’s strongest achievements has been the establishment of its financial integrity on the international scene. It has become a trusted borrower of development funds from international agencies and commercial institutions, and it is using its earnings from the big Bougainville copper mine to establish an economy which can take over when the copper runs out.

PNG still receives a quarter of its annual budget from Australia in the form of untied aid.

But Prime Minister Michael Somare and his ministers believe that this dependence can be ended in five years.

The country’s greatest weakness as it entered its fourth year was seen as political and re-' gional fragmentation, despite constant promotion of national unity. The system of provincial : government is becoming a growing source of friction and discontent, although originally designed to promote national unity.

Personal power struggles Jacob Prai . . . removal of the main thorn in the flesh of the Indonesians. 28 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

have also tended to disrupt the political scene, and there has been an upsurge in crimes of violence and theft, much of it attributed to excessive drinking.

POLYNESIA’S

Burning Cross

A model of the Cross of Lorraine, symbol of Gaullism in French politics, was burnt during the visit to French Polynesia of the Gaullist Mayor of Paris. Jacques Chirac (PIM September). Mr Chirac was the guest of the Gaullist deputy of French Polynesia to the National Assembly in Paris, Gaston Flosse.

A letter, signed ‘Liberation Movement of Polynesia’, was delivered anonymously to the Papeete newspaper. Les Nouvelles , in which the movement claimed responsibility for the burning.

Among other things, the letter said; ‘We affirm to the French Government that it will be unable to continue to repress our desire for independence: the day before yesterday it was Fiji; yesterday it was the Cook Islands; today it is the Solomons; tomorrow it will be the New Hebrides and Micronesia. Is it really to be believed that Tahiti can be :heated of its history and its legitimate desire for freedom? ...

The cross-burning is the latest in a series of incidents 3ver the past 12 months showng new stirrings of various ndependence movements in French Polynesia (PIM April).

Js Discovers

Fhe Islands

'he Pacific journeyings of JSS Home (PIM. October) re not the only sign of the wakening of US policy swards Pacific Island counties from the torpor and indiference of past years.

Testifying before the US lenate Foreign Relations subommittee on East Asian and •acific affairs, Richard Holbrooke, assistant secretary of State, said the US will establish ‘a larger and more effective presence in the South Pacific’ over the coming years.

Noting ‘signs of growing Soviet and Chinese interest in the area’, Holbrooke, whose special responsibility is East Asia and the Pacific, said that the US saw ‘the orderly development of the South Pacific region as a contribution to the stability of the broader Pacific community’.

Holbrooke said that Soviet interest ‘seems to be concerned largely with advancing their fishing interests in the region and promoting their diplomatic standing vis-a-vis our own and that of the People’s Republic of China’. As for China, Holbrooke said: ‘Peking is also interested in expanding its diplomatic presence in competition not only with Moscow but with Taipei.’

The US was tied to the region by history, geography and a ‘growing economic interest’, he said, adding that US policy would ‘not in any way impinge’ upon the sovereignty of the independent Island countries, or usurp the leadership role they shared with Australia and New Zealand.

Holbrooke dismissed the idea that the US should develop ‘massive programmes’ for the South Pacific, but declared ‘the time is ripe for more active interchanges’.

The US programme, as summed up by Holbrooke, would include; • Active participation in South Pacific regional organisation; • Adaptation of existing programmes and elaboration of new ones to fit the unique needs of the developing Island states; • Improved co-ordination among American and multilateral programmes; and • Pursuit of the Micronesian status negotiations with the aim of achieving a free association agreement between the US and Micronesia and termination of the US trusteeship by 1981.

Holbrooke also said the US would take ‘a Lesh look’ at its representatic. n the region ‘to see if we are making the best use of our limited resources’.

He announced the assignment of an Agency for International Development officer, Robert Craig, to the US Embassy in Fiji, the first AID person ever assigned to the region. Mr Holbrooke attended the Solomon Islands independence celebrations in July in the company of a member of the Senate sub-committee.

Senator John Glenn.

Also testifying before the committee was John H.

Sullivan, assistant aid administrator with AID. Mr Sullivan listed the principal development problems faced by the region as: • Smallness and relative isolation of the Island states: • A very limited natural resource base from which to derive increased income; • Extensive but undeveloped and unmanaged ocean fish resources: • Inadequate agricultural production and lack of diversification; • Decreasing amount of available arable land; • Increasing population and limited domestic employment opportunities; • Costly and unreliable communications and transport facilities.

He commented: The limited nature of the US programme and the development problems which 1 have mentioned have led to the design of a US assistance programme for the area consisting of three principal components. The first approach is through operational programme to private and volui .y agencies to enable them to improve current programmes or to undertake new projects. The ana is assistance to regional institutions whose activities are located in or beneficial to several of the countries in the area. The third is an accelerated impact programme which will enable us to support small-scale selfhelp projects, primarily aimed at community and rural development.’

Within this framework, Mr Sullivan discussed in detail specific US activities now being undertaken in Western US President Jimmy Carter checks the quality of the soil on his peanut farm in Plains, Georgia . . . his administration sees the possibility of real paydirt for US interests accruing from a more active and attentive policy towards Pacific Island nations. 29 3 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

Political Currents

Samoa, Fiji, Tonga and Papua New Guinea. He also dealt with a current US examination of needs in the now independent Solomon Islands.

‘Put Custom

In Png Law’

The Law Reform Commission of Papua New Guinea has recommended that the law should give greater weight to traditional customs and beliefs than it does at present.

The advice was contained in a report the commission submitted to the Government in October.

If the commission’s recommendations are accepted, the maximum penalty for a killing, committed in accordance with traditional beliefs, would be three years’ imprisonment. The commission also recommends that courts be given much wider powers than they have at present to order compensation payments, both in cash and kind. If traditional law required that a pig should be given in compensation, then the modern law should do the same.

Two Samoas: A

Touchy Tale

Since the partition of the Samoan islands in the 1890 s, the relations between American Samoa and Western Samoa have often been far from happy, writes Felise Va’a from Apia. The latest case of ‘apparent’ misunderstanding involves remarks attributed to Tupuola Efi. prime minister of Western Samoa, concerning the delicate issue of the unification of the two Samoas.

These remarks appeared in a recent edition of the Los Angeles Times, according to its correspondent, ‘Tupuola Efi. prime minister of the sovereign state of Wesl vn Samoa thinks it is only a question of time before his flag flies over neighbouring American Samoa, a US territory’.

The report angered many of American Samoa’s political leaders. Senator Fofo Sunia insisted that Tupuola should either deny its accuracy or make a public apology. The president of the American Samoan senate, Salanoa S.P.

Aumoeualogo, said he respected the right of free speech, but that discussion of such issues was fruitless. ‘One might talk of moving Aunuu (an island in American Samoa) to the mouth of the harbour, but why do so when it shall never happen?’ he was reported to have said.

For his part, American Samoa’s first elected governor, the highly experienced and affable Peter Tali Coleman, expressed the opinion that Tupuola was unnecessarily disturbing calm waters, and the question of unity was premature. He told Pago’s Samoa News, ‘We can work together closely in many fields but the separate development of the two Samoas for the last 78 years has created a situation where only time will give us the answer to the question of political union.’

The irony of the whole thing. as seen by some sources, is that it was Governor Coleman who took it upon himself to soothe the angry feelings of many of the territory’s political leaders caused by the remarks attributed to the prime minister. They said the governor told American Samoa’s political leaders that Tupuola should be forgiven for he was only a young man. While the Pago leaders spat out their hatred for what they suspected to be an imperialistic design by Western Samoa, Prime Minister Tupuola went on the defensive.

In a press statement, he formally denied not only the charges made against him by the Pago leaders and his critics but also that he had ever made the remarks attributed to him.

According to Tupuola, a reporter asked him about reunification and he had replied. T take a biblical attitude about reunification. Everything under the sun has its season. Reunification will have its season. When it will be I cannot say.’ In reply to another question, he had said. ‘Hypothetically speaking there is nothing to stop Western Samoa if it chose to promote reunification in the United Nations. In my assessment the proposition will not lack support in the UN. Significantly, however. Western Samoa is not promoting reunification in the UN for it is not convinced that it is the season for it.’

It is also a fact that reunification is not the type of issue that can be bulldozed through the United Nations by one party.

There are two other parties to be considered; the US Congress, legal owner of American Samoa, and the American Samoan people themselves.

The move towards reunification can come from any of these parties, but the wishes of all parties must be taken into account. An American Samoan leader has put it bluntly: ‘There is no such thing as a season for reunification for the power over American Samoa lies with the United States Government.’

Prime Minister Tupuola may have oversimplified what is, in effect, a highly complex issue. Moreover, he may have misunderstood American Samoan public opinion.

Some eight years ago, the American Samoan Fono (legislature) established a Future Status Political Commission to study and report on the type of system American Samoa should adopt in the future. The commission visited many Island nations and territories in the South Pacific, including Western Samoa, to study the political systems of those countries and to see how these could be of use for American Samoa’s future.

After many months of meetings, the commission finally came out with a report. It rejected an organic act, which would have made American Samoa an official territory of the United States. (American Samoa is still an unincorporated, unorganised territory of the United States ruled by Congress.) It also rejected union with Hawaii, as well as the option of independence.

Above all. it rejected union with Western Samoa.

Union with Western Samoa entails many serious disadvantages for American Samoa.

Problems that could arise, for instance, include that of how many seats American Samoa would have in parliament, how much of the national wealth would go to American Samoa, and the status to be accorded to American Samoan matai, traditionally considered of inferior rank to the matai of Western Samoa. Such things considered, the commission had no hesitation in vetoing union with Western Samoa.

The commission felt’

American Samoa ‘never had it so good’ as under American administration, so why change things? It recommended to the Fono that American Samoa, should retain the present political status and enjoy the best of both worlds. That remains the situation.

As for the territory’s future, a new commission is expected to be appointed in two years’ time for a further review of forms of future government.

While American Samoan leaders have not completely abandoned the possibility of one day uniting with their Tupuola Efi... ‘only a young man’, says . . .

American Samoa’s Governor, Peter Tall Coleman 30

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Political Currents

cousins in Western Samoa, the Los Angeles Times article struck a severe blow at any future reunification. Prime Minister Tupuola appears to lack real understanding of the sensitive feelings of the people mf American Samoa. He may not have meant what has been attributed to him, but if his renarks carried any such impli- :ation he was certainly gravely n error.

Banabans Are

Fighting On

\ fresh international campaign :s being launched by the Banaban people to win ndependence for Ocean Island and to obtain more compenialion for the phosphate mined Tom it, according to a recent mress release from Banaban iources. Appeals will be made o the United Nations, the south Pacific Forum and an dready largely sympathetic British public.

As a last resort the Banabans nay use their support in Briain’s House of Commons to dock independence for the Gilbert Islands, of which Jcean Island is at present poltically part as a British colony.

Our platform is not changed fom that of the previous counil.’ the newly-elected chairnan of the Rabi Council of .eaders, the Rev Tebaiti "awaka, said in a message to upporters. ‘We want immediate selfletermination for Banaba (the lanaban name for Ocean sland), immediate direct paynent of the $A 10,000,000 'ffered to us by Britain, and mancial assistance for our administration and development.’

The Banabans, most of /horn live in Fiji, have been /aging a campaign over Ocean sland, their original home, for many years. They want the >land to be separated from the jilberts, which are expected to ecome independent soon, and iven its own independence, ossibly in association with ■iji.

They also want a bigger hare of the benefits derived rom mining of the island’s phosphate deposits by the British Phosphate Commission directed by the British. Australian and New Zealand Governments.

Judges: Local

OR ‘EXPAT’?

Despite the pressures being brought upon the Papua New Guinea Government in certain quarters to appoint PNG law graduates to the bench to replace the Australian incumbents, it has met difficulty in the fact that of nearly 100 qualified graduates only a handful have the basic requirements for appointment, writes Sydney lawyer Robert W.

Moin.

Mr Buri Kidu, the PNG Secretary for Justice, is recorded as opposing the making of local appointments merely for the sake of it, without considering the essential requirements of skill and maturity. ‘We have got to be very careful who we put on the Bench,’ he says. ‘You can’t have any Tom, Dick or Harry. One thing I’m afraid of is putting PNG men on the bench before they are ready. If they muck it up we’ll be a laughing stock around the world,’ he said.

Mr Kidu added: ‘People think that, merely because we get PNG judges, they will work miracles. They would make mistakes just the same. I don’t think a PNG judge from one area who is sent to the opposite end of the country to hear a case would have any advantage over and an Australian judge in the same situation.’

Another difficulty experienced throughout the Pacific is the fact that the suitably qualified graduates are ‘grabbed’ by their governments for important political and public service posts, particularly those with the capacity to progress to the bench. The opportunity of a steady job compared with the uncertainties of private legal practice are added considerations for the new graduate returning usually from either Australia or New Zealand and wishing both to contribute his acquired knowledge to his homeland and improve his status.

One could ask how would other expatriate judges deal with the recent case of cannibalism before Mr Justice Wilson in PNG (PIM October)?

How much judicial notice should be taken of local tradition or custom?

Before the colonial administration system moved into the Western province of PNG in the early 1960 s cannibalism was accepted, witchcraft practised (It still is) and illiteracy, resulting in legal ignorance, the rule rather than the exception.

Should a conviction be recorded where the presiding judge states as did Judge Wilson: ‘They saw nothing wrong in what they did. They were ignorant of the introduced law which seeks to outlaw cannibalism’. How can people be educated in the law? Surely a challenge to every government! The process will certaiunly be long and will require sympathetic understanding from everybody involved in legal administration.

Even countries reasonably advanced in legislative development have continuing difficulties assimilating with customs. Some countries like Western Samoa have given recognition to incorporating, where practical, traditional practices into their legislative process.

In almost direct contrast, Tonga, with a few exceptions, makes no recognition or mention of custom at all. It seems that this was the desire of King George Tupou I, who held that the new order of change from the ‘old ways’ should be through the law. While in certain land cases a Tongan Assessor or Advisor sits with the European judge to advise him of Tongan custom where there is some dispute, his advice is usually on the pattern of what the law has come to mean since its introduction, by usage and practice in other words how the law has become custom, and not custom the law.

How do the simplified laws designed to meet a country’s needs even a mere 20 years ago now cope with the more sophisticated and demanding society that is being thrust upon it?

Countries like Australia and New Zealand have the legal machinery itself already fully extended to cope more of less adequately with such progress, particularly in the business world. Perhaps these countries should be more conscious of the need to assist their neighbours to cope with the problems of legal development when assessing their aid programmes.

A one-time Chief Justice of the Territory of Papua New Guinea, Sir Alan Mann, inspects a parade of troops from Headquarters, Papua- New Guinea Command. 31 3 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

Political Currents

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PEOPLE US Under-secretary of the Interior, James Joseph, 43, his deputy Wallace Green, and Ruth Van Cleve, director of the Office of Territorial Affairs, were in good spirits as they left Guam’s Government' House bright and early on Monday August 14, writes Paul Addison from Guam. The three senior US officials were looking forward to what promised to be a novel and relaxing flight to Ulithi in Micronesia’s Yap district for the dedication of a new dispensary.

At the Naval Air Station, the three officials from Washington greeted their fellow travellers whose names read like a who’s who of US Pacific military and federal policy-makers.

There were two rear-admirals, David S. Cruden, commander Naval Forces Marianas, and Neal Clements, head of the Pa- :ific Facilities Engineering Command; Trust Territory of fie Pacific Islands High Commissioner Adrian Winkel, \merica’s highest-ranking representative in Micronesia; Captain Ralph Smith, in his ast month as officer in charge )f construction and the over- ;eer of SUS4OO million worth )f construction projects on Tuam and in Micronesia; and Captain Edward Estes, 44. :ommanding officer of the sland’s Naval Air Station, klong with these dignitaries he 20-year-old C-117 plane arried a number of loweranking military officers and 13 lervous military band mem- >ers who were to perform at he Ulithi ceremony.

Shortly after 9 am, as the rew tried to start the plane, me of its two engines splutered and refused to grind into ction. But after a mechanic’s left twist of a screwdriver at omething inside, the engine prang into action. After a normal take-off, the plane quickly ose to about 2000 m.

As the plane, co-piloted by "aptain Estes and Lieutanant lobert Bell, banked over the sland’s picturesque Turnon Jay, the 30 people inside could ee the clear, shark-infested vaters lapping on the reef, and l few tall buildings in Guam’s apital, Agana.

Shortly before 11, Rear- Admiral Cruden and some crew members noticed oil leaking onto the starboard engine.

Although the leak appeared soon to stop, the engine started to flutter and the plane’s pilots realised they would have trouble reaching Yap. They radioed naval officials on Guam that they had no option but to return. The navy immediately activated all its emergency units, putting planes, helicopters, boats and personnel on immediate standby.

The plane proceeded to limp back towards the island, with the sea loomimg ever closer.

Band members looked at each other silently, each caught up in his own thoughts. Preparations were begun for a ‘controlled ditch’ in the 2 m swells.

Passengers were told to put on life jackets and remain seated.

About 30 km off Guam, the plane was 70 m above the water, where a coast guard patrol vessel. Point Harris, and a submarine missile retriever were awaiting the crash. In the air, a B-52 bomber from Andersen Air Force base and two navy helicopters monitored the rapid descent. Also monitoring the crash was a Soviet spy ship, the Vega, which poses as a fishing trawler off Guam’s coast.

In a desperate attempt to stay airborne the crew opened the cargo door and passengers began to jettison their baggage.

First to go was the band’s sousaphone; trumpets, a saxophone and drums followed shortly after.

It was to no avail. At 11.53 am the plane touched the swells tail first. Then it reared in the air and ploughed into the Philippines Sea.

Tt was one loud sound,’

Under-secretary James Joseph said later. ‘Then there was a second sensation and we were in the water. The pilot did a fantastic job. It was almost like a regular landing.’

The plane’s fuselage had actually cracked open at the bottom and water begun to pour in. Two men were drowned.

One of them, Ronald H. Curtiss, 27, an aviation engineer from St. Louis, was apparantly sitting at the spot where the split occurred. The other dead person, 20-year-old musician Scott Smith, from Rio Linda, Calif., was thrown to the same area on impact, according to a navy spokesman.

Within seconds, liferafts were inflated outside the plane.

In the high noon of the broiling tropical sun, most of the passengers crawled onto the crowded rafts while the plane sank slowly into the world’s deepest ocean, the Marianas Trench.

Overhead, as 15 minutes slowly ticked by, a navy plane kept watch on the survivors.

Then, naval medical aides and divers were dropped from helicopters to assist the injured.

Those with the worst injuries were whisked into helicopters and away to Guam’s Naval Hospital. Others, including Joseph, waited for more than 90 minutes for the Point Harris to pick them up. From Guam’s port, a convoy of ambulances carried the injured to the Naval Regional Medical Centre where wives and friends waited tensely for news.

Miraculously the injuries were not great. The two copilots, Estes and Bell, underwent surgery during the night while seven other passengers were held until morning. Ruth Van Cleve, the only female on the plane, and Wallace Green, sprained their backs; Captain Ralph Smith had a broken arm. Joseph, Cruden, Clements and 15 other passengers were treated and released the same day. As the rescue operations for the two men missing, presumed dead, came to an end for the evening, the crash site was marked only by a 6 m oil slick.

Joseph later sat resting at Government House where through the windows he could watch a bright red sunset. ‘lt’s US Under-secretary of the Interior, James Joseph, still shaken from his experience, sits in Guam Governor Ricky J. Bordallo’s car after the plane crash. (See main story, People.) Photo: Rick Padden.

Rear-Admiral Neal Clements talks to navy officials on the coastguard ship Point Harris after his rescue at sea. 33

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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beautiful,’ he told a Pacific Daily News reporter as the sun sank below the sea. ‘Particularly as I didn’t really expect to see it.’

Dr Feleti Sevele recently took up appointment as economist with the South Pacific Commision. Dr Sevele, a Tongan, did his tertiary studies at the University of Christchurch, New Zealand. He holds a BSc in mathematics, an MA (Honours) in geography and a PhD in economic geography.

Returning to Tonga in 1973, Dr Sevele was appointed secretary of the Commodities Board, a statutory body responsible for the export of all agricultural commodities. The board also runs the Tonga Construction Company, the largest building and construction enterprise in the kingdom.

Apart from government, the board is the largest employer in Tonga, with a workforce of over 600 persons. In 1974 Dr Sevele became director and :hief executive of the board, a post he held until joining the South Pacific Commission. He vas also a director of a number 3f companies, and a member of Longa’s National Scholarship Board.

Dr Sevele’s duties with the ;ommission will include economic studies, with special emphasis on rural and agricultural development, analysis and inerpretation of regional economic statistics, advisory services, and organisation of neetings and training xourses. iebastian Hurrell did not last ong as director of Tonga’s Zommodities Board. He was ippointed to the post on a Wednesday. On the following -riday the Tonga Privy Council had second thoughts and derided he would be better )laced as his country’s repesentative to the European iconomic Community in Brusels. In Brussels he will repesent Tonga at the enegotiation of the ACP Contention. which expires at the :nd of February, 1979. Meanwhile the Tonga Government is looking for another director of the Commodities Board.

The Rev Mosese Naivolasiga, a Methodist minister in Fiji, stripped of his pastoral duties because he twice stood for parliament, has been given a full pardon and will resume church work in January, 1979. In standing for parliament he defied the church’s policy that it does not align itself with any political party. He had stood on a Fijian Nationalist Party ticket. He went to Australia soon after his second defeat and returned to Fiji in August.

Church leaders said Rev Mosese had been re-accepted because he had confessed his breach of church law in the Fijian weekly newspaper, Nai Lalakai.

Detective Constable Talakai Misa, of the Tonga CID. was selected in September for a special course in criminal investigation at the Brisbane Police College, Australia. The course, which is not costing Tonga anything, was arranged by Rotary International District No. 960, Queensland, which is footing all bills for fares and accommodation. The Queensland Police Department is providing free training.

Ricky Mitio, a Papua New Guinean, has been appointed to the top executive position of the PNG Coffee Industry Board, succeeding Barry Beil.

Mr Mitio, who has worked with the board for nearly six years, during which time he has undertaken management and promotional studies in PNG and overseas, is the first Papua New Guinean to hold the post.

A former editor of the Samoa Times of Apia has become a training development officer in the New Zealand National Council of Adult Education.

Peter Creevey, Christchurchborn, worked on metropolitan newspapers in New Zealand and Australia before joining the Samoa Times in 1963. He spent the next 12 years in American and Western Samoa during which time his interests were in economic planning, community development and vocational training. He returned to New Zealand in 1975.

An Australian who served two terms in Fiji on the staff of Cable and Wireless, next year is expected to become chairman of Intelstat, a communications satellite system offering international communications and television services. Randolph Payne, 51, a director of marketing of Overseas Telecommunications Commission (Australia), was selected a vicechairman of Intelstat this year.

A name still fresh in Papua New Guinea science circles is that of Dr JJ.H. ‘Joe’ Szent- Ivany who retired in 1966 after 12 years with the Australian administration. News is that Dr Szent-Ivany is still at work, in his own words, ‘in research, science policy, science administration and conservation’.

Among eight honorary positions, he was president of the Royal Society of South Australia for 1977-78. He has been an honorary associate since 1966 of the South Australian Museum. He retains his links with PNG, mainly through the Wau Ecology Institute which he has visited, on research grants, on three occasions.

Australian Rules is coming on apace in Papua New Guinea, and to give it a shove along the PNG Australian Rules Football Council has gone big time in hiring Peter Evans, a former general manager of the Hawthorn Victorian Football League club. Mr Evans follows on the heels of Dick Kidby, ARFC’s first full time national general manager.

The Rev Setareki Tuilovoni (above), formerly of Fiji, is now a ‘reverse missionary’, bringing the Gospel to Australia. He lives at Chatswood, Sydney, where he’s on the staff of the Synod Board of Mission of the Uniting Church, which groups the former Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches in Australia.

PIM reader Irvin Black was a corporal with the Royal Australian Air Force when he picked up this Japanese war propaganda leaflet, and a number of others, on the beach of Los Negros Island, part of Manus, off the coast of New Guinea, in February 1944. 35

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

PEOPLE

From the ISLANDS PRESS From a message from New Zealand Prime Minister Muldoon to Cook Islands Premier Tom Davis on the 13th anniversary of self-government in the Cook Islands, as reported in the Cook Islands News: ... It is clear from recent events and the responsible reaction of the people of the Cook Islands to them that democracy in your country is alive and well. . .

From the American Samoa News Bulletin: It is estimated that nearly two and a half million that’s right, 2.5 million aluminium cans will be imported into the territory of American Samoa in 1978. This includes soft drink and beer cans as well as other various aluminium containers. Because of the devastating effect this number of cans can have on the territory if disposed of improperly, plus the fact that an enormous amount of energy and natural resource is lost when these aluminium containers are simply buried in land fills. Governor Coleman has written to the Environmental Protection Agency in Honolulu inquiring as to the feasibility of crushing and packing the cans in Samoa and sending them back to Hawaii or the West Coast to be recycled.

From The Fiji Times: Syphilis killed 22 babies in Suva in the first six months of this year. Dr Mary Schramm told the Fiji Medical Association seminar yesterday. She said that out of 2200 deliveries at Anderson Maternity Unit in the first half of this year, 60 cases had positive syphilis test results. Dr Schramm, a Colonial War Memorial Hospital consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, said syphilis in Fiji had reached epidemic proportions .. .

From the Tohi Tala Niue: Niue has a dwindling police force at the moment with villages with no constables. It was voiced at the Assembly meeting last week all villages should have a constable. It is not that people are not law-abiding, but it is a custom they are used to, that every village should have a constable. Minor offences do occur every now and again which annoys certain parts of the community. One of the worst offenders today is traffic. During the day, all vehicles especially motor-cycles move silently along the roads making little noise. After sunset you can hear the roar of these bikes miles away.. .

From a letter by Joe Nason, ex-United States Navy, written to Papua New Guinea’s Allans Nius after a ‘nostalgic return to the Solomons and Rabaul’: ... There is, however, one bitter reaction which I will carry away from these islands, and that is the complete dearth of recognition of the role that America played in the eventual liberation of these islands. In no way do I wish to minimise the gallantry of the Aussies and New Zealanders, but the fact remains that without the United States, probably New Zealand and Australia would have fallen to the Japanese. Yet, at the War Cemetery, I didn’t see one mention of America. No recognition of my many compatriots who died in prison or over the skies of Rabaul could I find in this city. This saddened me.

From a plea by Samoan author and poet Albert Wendt for preservation of the Samoan language, reported in the Samoa Times: . .. English seems to be the dominant language at any function.

Even on our local radio station, the local news is always read out in English before Samoan. It should be the reverse. Mr Wendt said.

From the Fiji Times: The president of Savusavu Chamber of Commerce told yesterday how the two rear wheels of one of the buses serving the town came right off on a journey from Buca Bay. Mr J.A. Khan, who was a passenger on the bus travelling back to Savusavu last week, said the wheels rolled down the road, narrowly missing oncoming traffic. The bus crunched down on to the road, grinding to a halt without causing injury, he said. ‘People here do not know when they travel by bus whether they will get home in one piece,’ he said. ‘Nowadays they travel only if they have to.’

From the American Samoa News Bulletin: Governor Peter Tali Coleman attempted to set a good example by joining ... in a clean-up party which worked their way from Faga’alu Park to Utulei Beach Park. Mrs Coleman was among the party. All along the road the Governor and Mrs Coleman found themselves practically knee deep in litter and they cleaned it all up! But when you drive home today you will notice that the roadside is again full of litter.

From the Lae Nius: Members of the newly-formed venereal disease control committee have called on the Provincial Government to repatriate unemployed non-Morobeans from Lae City. The call was made by an active leader in the committee and a representative of the Public Health Department, Dr Sugoho. Dr Sugoho claimed that venereal disease was becoming a major problem in all centres of Papua New Guinea. He said the number of cases of venereal disease had increased rapidly in the last couple of years because of unemployment and poverty which resulted in men selling their wives into prostitution . . .

From a speech by PNG Minister for Defence Louis Mona at the opening of the 1978 National Congress of the PNG Branch of the Returned Services League and reported in Allans Nius: ... In my Anzac Day speech at the Dawn Service at Bomana I spoke of how WWII united people where a black man fought alongside a white man against a common enemy, and neither man was worried about the colour of the skin of the other. I also asked for the people of PNG to forget racial discrimination and unite to make our country a better land for us, for our children, and for your children’s children. It can be done but. like localisation, it must start at the top and the bottom at the same time. As terrible as war may be, it does at least serve one good purpose, it united people. If we can do it in war, why can’t we do it in peace?

From the Cook Islands News: Some of the people worst hit by the floods of last week were our planter friends. Their taro patches were heaped up with rubbish from the hills but worse still from families who emptied their rubbish into the once-dry streams. I watched a disappointed planter close to tears, examining his newly-turned taro patch covered with debris from the neighbour’s kitchen. 36 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1978

Now, the other 3/4 of the world can be covered with great stereo music On the land or on the sea you will never be far away from great stereo music with Pioneer’s new stereo radio cassette recorder. The 3-way power source lets you use internal batteries, house current or your car’s power supply (with adaptor).

Pioneer created to sound as great as it looks, the SK-1 delivers a hefty 3,000mW (Music Power). More than enough to handle the “heavy” sounds, yet designed compact for those who like to travel light.

Radio fans will have a ball with 2 shortwave bands, plus MW and FM. Naturally, the tuner section uses advanced Pioneer Integrated Circuitry for stable reception even in out-of-theway places.

Of course, the cassette recorder is what you would expect from Pioneer. A wide-range Permalloy record/playback head, pause, cue and review functions. Variable Monitor switch, Loudness Contour switch and fully-automatic Stop. And for easy recording, left and rightchannel microphones. Or plug in a turntable and build an entire stereo system around the SK-1.

And on the output side, a pair of 12cm (4% inch) hi-fi speakers. Perfectly balanced for exciting stereo reproduction.

Pioneer’s new SK-1 stereo radio cassette recorder. Component-like performance plus the go-anywhere convenience of portability. And, for those who want big Pioneer performance on a smaller budget, we re pleased to offer the RK-305 and RK-355. They’re not stereo, but they are Pioneer. And that means a lot, no matter where your music takes you.

Portable hi-fi... from the audio company.

Cid Pioneer

Australia Pioneer Electronics Australia Pty.Ltd., 178-184 Boundary Road, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Tel: 90-9011, Sydney 93-0246, Brisbane 59-7457, Adelaide 433379, Perth 24-9899 Fiji Islands Brijlal & Company, G.P.O. Box No. 362, Suva, Fiji Islands Tel: 22258 New Zealand Fountain Marketing Ltd., Maidstone Street, Auckland, New Zealand Tel: 763-064 Norfolk Island Burns Philp (Norfolk Island) Ltd., Norfolk Island, South Pacific New Hebrides Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Ltd., Vila, New Hebrides Nauru Island Jacob Enterprises, PO. Box No. 4 Republic of Nauru Tahiti Est. PERFECT, B.P. 594, Papeete, Tahiti Tel: 20 407 New Caledonia Menard Freres Ville, B.P. H 2 Cedex, Noumea, New Caledonia Tel: 27.52.22 American Samoa Traspac Corporation. P.O. Box 1477, Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Tel; 633-5224 Rarotonga South Seas International Ltd., P.O. Box 49, Rarotonga Cook Islands Tel; 2327 Papua New Guinea Bali Marchants Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 6103 Boroko Tel: 254887

| .

U .

Bl n w w s mm m Mm M » •u. ■■ ££ &'mr jr -dp s mu . ~.. i ssare»»eHwBßBßaHi You’ll like our style to all our destinations.

We have many flights to many destinations, but on each and every one you can be sure of one thing: attentive and friendly service. Plus of course good food and fine wines served in big jet comfort.

Today this special style of Air New Zealand is yours to enjoy on direct flights to New Zealand, or on your way around the Pacific; even to the East now that the fast, friendly way there is first to fly south with us! And of course to Honolulu, Los Angeles and on to Canada, London or Europe.

Your travel agent or Air New Zealand is ready now to help you plan the trip and the fares that suit you best wherever you want to fly. # air new zeaLann ™ We fly the Pacific.

ANZ7B/3 38

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

il ' Vil fi . c I 9.9 & I 9.9 Introducing the all-purpose small twins with the big difference.

Yamaha’s line of small twins, already deservedly famous among commercial boaters for rugged, reliable service, is now better than ever. Two entirely new models, rated at 9.9 hp and 15hp, are the smoothest, most economical small displacement engines we’ve ever designed.

The secret is their advanced fuel recirculation system, which allows more complete combustion of fuel. And more complete combustion means much better low-speed trolling, greater fuel economy and cleaner, smoke-free running.

Other advanced performance features include an improved noise-reducing engine shroud, box-type intake silencer and dual expansion-chamber exhaust system.

These two new engines, both available with options such as Yamaha’s Dual Thrust through-the-prop exhaust, electric starting and upward facing controls, make the line of Yamaha commercial outboards one of the most complete in the industry.

And like all Yamaha’s they’re true multi-purpose units, as reliable and responsive behind a pleasure boat as they are durable and economical for commercial boating.

Ideal for sailors and anglers, too.

From 2 to 60. Power for any purpose. 60, 55, 48. 40, 28, 25, 20. 15. 12, 9.9, 8. 6,5, 3.5, 2 mm 15 Outboard with YAMAHA

Yamaha Motor Co , Ltd

39

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

~k i &mvtis A SHEET <22? jv^ *** 4.*. c®.

Marson Marson

Home Master

Riveting Kits

No. 250 MASTER MARINER. Designed for boat building and maintenance, as well as for repair and construction work in areas near the sea. Contains HP2/4 hand plier plus an assortment of over 200 rivets in copper, stainless steel and marine specification aluminium in handy steel carry-case with correct size drill.

No. 220 WORKSHOP MASTER. A similar kit to the No. 250 but containing over 200 assorted rivets suitable for tradesman and handyman application.

Here's what they do Replaces screws, bolts and nuts, ordinary rivets, solder and adhesives. The fastening is quicker, stronger, cheaper and resistant to vibration. Use on boats, bicycles, prams, caravans, trailers, roofing, guttering, farm sheds, silos, troughing, pens, screens, awnings, metal furniture, and hundreds of other repair and construction needs around the home, farm or boat.

Here's how they work Insert rivet into tool.

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* , -»■ ■ I ' The two-way nib.

The entirely new way to write.

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Test-write with one now.

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This revolutionary 14ct gold nib gives you thick lines or thin. Great contrast.

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Ball-point pens to match. , - ‘ 'World's most wanted pens .. •*.>•, • .r> , i > .... ■ •••■/•-- v ..*Xvv,V • .v/- _ ■ \^vC\ ;,v... . vvf :-;'vvv. <*7-l • • S. f • . v: . ■ ** v % ; v w ** w > ♦'- * ■ ■ ' *e~'i . ' ; ■ ~ v; v. a- ■ ■ ■ ■: ' -V ,r ■:.. v r;: ; v . : . • y-.v-v . .

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CONSTRUCTIVE ADVICE. ft w —— ~' T *j **~r Swamp Bulldozers as well as Swamp Dozer Shovels.

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A wide range of Pipelayers.

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A wide selection of Off-Highway Dump Trucks.

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And offer Motor Graders.

As well as Motor Scrapers. _ s„ i flpOL-- * i L-jrr Soil Compactors.

Trash Compactors Towing Tractors. 5? lf •b i i 44 til til 1 11 IS A wide selection of Diesel Engines.

Machine Tools. a- € Mechanical and Hydraulic Presses. * A variety of Maypres Presses. OBS Power Presses. Tunnel-Boring Machines.

We're constructive in other ways. We offer castings, foundries, and important advice on construction and manufacturing projects. •H KOMATSU LTD.

Tokyo, Japan Komatsu overseas offices: Sydney, Singapore, Jakarta, Manila, Seoul, Bangkok, Bangalore, Teheran, Dubai, Jeddah, Riyadh, Ad Dammam, Baghdad, Ankara, Moscow, London, Brussels, Dusseldorf, Stuttgart, Warszawa, Paris, Madrid, Cairo, Alger, Abidjan, Lagos, Nairobi, Johannesburg, Toronto, San Francisco, Fort Lee, Arlington, Atlanta, Detroit, Mexico City. Habana, Panama, Sao Paulo, Caracas, Lima, Buenos Aires, and distributors in over 100 countries around the world. 42

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

You name it, Mono pumps it.

Tell us your needs, we’llshowyouthepump, Forover 30 years, we’ve been pumping liquids of every viscosity, under all kinds of conditions. Fresh water, sand and water, food ingredients, chemicals, acids, corrosives and abrasives, sludges and waste, effluent and sewage, even solids in suspension.

If it can be conveyed through a pipeline, we can move it, meter it or mix it, as quickly or slowly as you wish.

And we can provide pumps that run on petrol, kerosene, diesel, electricity, or PTO tractor drive (in fact even bicycle drive).

If there’s anything you want to know about pumping, write to us at Mono. We’ve got the pumps and the experience.

Please send me details of your pumps for (describe purposes): Name: Address: Send coupon to Head Office & Works (address below).

MONO IAPUMPS AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.

Move It With Mono

Head Office & Works: "Mono House”. 338-348 Lower Dandenong Rd., Mordialloc. Vic. 3195. Australia.

Agents in; Papua and New Guinea. Indonesia. Fiji. The Philippines. 43

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

< * k m m ; - I® iy # i X s r i 9 fl few# * ■ :

The Toyota truck range. Built to be unbeatable.

Bad weather conditions, no problem.

Bad roads and driving surfaces, eaten up.

Difficult loads, no contest. Built tough. Built to take it.

There's a Toyota truck built for you.

La TOYOTA Land Cruiser Pickup TOYOTA Stout TOYOTA Hi-Lux iA TOYOTA Dyna TOYOTA Toyo-Ace mm TOYOTA Truck For unbeatable after service: TOYOTA PAPUA NEW GUINEA; ELA MOTORS LIMITED, Scratchley Rd„ Badili, P.O. Box 75, Port Moresby. U.S. TRUST TERRITORY: MICROL CORPORATION, P.O. Box 267, Saipan. FIJI ISLANDS: AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIES CO,, LTD., G.P.O. Box 355, Suva AMERICAN SAMOA; BURNS PHILP (SOUTH SEA) CO., LTD., P.O. 1057, Pago Pago WESTERN SAMOA: BURNS PHILP (SOUTH SEA) LTD., P.O. Box 188, Apia. GUAM: ATKINS, KROLL (GUAM) LTD., P.O. Box 6428, Tamuning. NEW HEBRIDES: NEW HEBRIDES MOTORS LTD., P.O. Box 18, Vila. SOLOMON ISLANDS; MENDANA ENTERPRISES (S I ), LTD., P.O. Box 174, Honiara. TAHITI: NIPPON AUTOMOTO, B.P. 342, Papeete. COOK ISLANDS: COOK ISLANDS TRADING CORPORATION LTD., P.O. Box 92, Rarotonga. NAURU ISLAND: NAURU COOPERATIVE SOCIETY. GILBERT & ELLICE ISLANDS COLONY: TARAWA MOTORS, Box 36, Bairiki Tarawa NORFOLK ISLAND: MARIE'S NORFOLK TOURS, LTD., P.O. Box 276. NEW CALEDONIA: SOCIETE IMPORTATION AUTOMOBILE DU PACIFIQUE, Rond-Point du Pacific (Station Total) B.P. 438, Noumea.

JO-' JAPAN TOKYO KAGOSHIMA CHINA OKINAWA TAIPEI TAIWAN HONG KONG PHILIPPINES MANIL GUAM MARSHALL ISLANDS

. Caroline Islands

iTPONAPE MAJURO TARAWA NAURU GILBERT ISLANDS :<,&•= o- » o PAPUA NEW GUINEA GUADALCANAL .* * HONIARA R . SOLOMON \ , ISLANDS > » \ 'I NEW O)* HEBRIDES <#MILA NEW CALEDONIA NOUMEA AUSTRALIA SYDNEY MELBOURNE

New Zealan

170°E

PEOPLE KEEP ASKING US: a HAWAII

Where Does

AIR NAURU rar? 99

Western Samoa

APIA Until recently, modesty and a rather small size had compelled us to keep our airline and our routes pretty much to ourselves, sharing them only with a few friends and neighbors who still maintain that the only way to fly is from island to island.

But as we ascertained that there’s really not an unpleasant island in the lot, and that our all-jet airline is the only one in the world linking the great Asian nations with Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia, it dawned that we might be on to something in the way of unique travel possibilities.

Say, from Hong Kong to Western Samoa. Or from Japan to Fiji.

Or Melbourne to Guam. All via our home island of Nauru.

As well as a lot of fine places in between, most of them, fortunately, blessed by pleasant weather, hospitable people, and surrounded by warm and invigorating waters.

Indeed, some travelers already think of Air Nauru as the unhurried alternative route through Nauru from Hong Kong or Taipei or Japan to Australia. Via a world of beautiful islands—both scenic and human.

While others think of us as the fastest and most direct route to such places as Majuro, Nauru, Western Samoa, Tarawa, Guadalcanal and the Solomon Islands. Or Fiji, New Caledonia and the New Hebrides.

However you choose to fly with us, along the way our promise is simple: Big airline efficiency, small airline congeniality, some genuine, unpretentious inflight cheer, delightful stopovers, an occasional Pacific feast, French wines and champagnes.

Oh yes, ladies and gentlemen, on Air Nauru—wherever we fly in our beautiful island world-we are used to doing things in style. ■■■■■ MR NAURU

Airline Of The Central Pacific

For ticketing, reservations and flight information, telephone: 740 in Apia, Western Samoa; 477-7106 in Guam; 595 or 727 in Honiara, Solomon Islands; 229 in Majuro, Marshall Islands; 312-377 in Suva, Fiji; 27-33-22 in Noumea, New Caledonia; 458 in Ponape, Caroline Islands; 27-39 in Vila. New Hebrides; 72795 in Nadi, Fiji; 448 in Tarawa, Gilbert Islands; and 653-5709 in Melbourne, Australia

In the home

Speed-E-Gas

is fast, efficient and reliable.

Terminals throughout the Pacific.

For more information write Boral Gas Limited, 221 Miller Street, BORAL North Sydney 2060 *Speed-E-Gas is known in Papua New Guinea, as Guinea Gas. In Tonga as Tonga Speed-E-Gas, and in Fiji as Fiji Gas.

Speed-E-Gas

1 is V d ih M HOLT GS 14 TOURISM You haven’t seen Fiji ’till you’ve taken a bus ride By Lema Low The bus moved forward again. There wasn't space for another single thing. There was hardly space to draw a breath. I wondered how I would leave the bus when the time came, and decided the best way would be to leap through the window, rather than walk on everybody's baskets.

We turned the corner at the Three Lamps and at last headed for the Great Outback of Buca Bay and interim ports so I thought. But the bus pulled up at the first building round the corner. Linder a verandah sat a man strumming a guitar.

All the passengers (including myself) yelled, Vodo mail" meaning "Come aboard"!

Without further ado, he did with a companion, a guitar, a briefcase, two suitcases and a bundle of mats!

With a creaky protest, the dear old bus got under way again, everybody smiling happily, in the irrepressible Pacific way. Well (I thought) no more stops now we haven't a spare centimetre. Just then, the bell rang. A passenger, with a few muttered words to the driver, left the bus. Hooray! One less that's more like it.

The bus didn't move. The driver chewed gum and stared into space. Presently, the same passenger hurried back and clambered aboard with a suitcase!

Well (I thought) nothing else will surprise me. I've seen everything now.

But I was speechless with wonder for the bus did not stop again until it reached my own gate. It roller-coasted over the hills and down into the valleys. It swept along the airport road in a cloud of dust, and drew up with a flourish that sent the goats scampering for cover.

"Eight cents, ma'am," chirped the driver, with a distinct twinkle in his eye.

The bus driver chewed gum and read the latest Fiji Times. To anxious enquirers, his stock reply was, "Leaving in 10 minutes."

There was an air of excitement when finally, only a few minutes behind schedule, the bus moved off but, of course, that meant nothing at all. It was destined to meander all along Savusavu town before taking off for the Great Outback of Buca Bay, Napuka, Natuvu and other points east of Savusavu.

Waving an impassioned farewell to friends as if we were setting out on a voyage of discovery around the world, instead of on the daily run for Buca Bay we wandered along the waterfront road.

The bus-driver was on the watch for his "regulars". There was a loud screech from Matai's Store and a gay sulu flapped in the breeze as a woman rushed out with a child on one hip and a parcel of groceries.

"No hurry," the driver consoled her, as he helped her aboard. 48

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

** ■■■ * I *T ■ K A- ; '. £t*jl -«fe 5. ■ ,•«■• .*• ..: . as 4» -• 21% «.-*' IMS . - - K 3* & # £>> •# » - ’-*- -i m: - ‘7 ..<• - KC|2i V Come uptokool The cool refreshing taste of menthol. 8523-4/78 49

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

YESTERDAY Preserving old Levuka, hub of Fiji history From VICTOR CARELL in Levuka Levuka is a beautiful place ... a spreading circle of waterfront inside the ridge of reef and stepping steeply up to dramatic hills. Snug in the security of these hills, the town’s old stores cover the narrow level of the foreshore.

Levuka offers attractions of historical interest with its background as a rip-roaring mid-19th century port and whaling centre. Its streets then were lined with grog shops and hotels, and thronged with sailors from all over the world.

Levuka’s history begins that of modern Fiji. It was here that the proud chief Ratu Seru Cakabau, along with other principal chiefs of Fiji, joined together to sign the Deed of Cession giving the Fiji Islands to England. Levuka of Ovalau Island became the first capital of Fiji. Many of today’s thriving businesses began there.

Among these were The Fiji Times (1869), and Morris Hedstrom Ltd.

When the capital was moved to Suva on Viti Levu, the largest island, Levuka began to slide back until it has become the quiet town of today. The shops, along narrow Beach Street fronting the harbour, are all still of the old era. These 100-year-old storefronts in weatherboard and high “false fronts’’ are reminiscent of many a movie ghost town, but these shops run by Indians or Chinese are very much alive. Many of the rambling houses that hide up on the hills, accessible only by pedestrian paths or stairs, are reminders of a more gracious era. One can easily visualise the men in immaculate whites and pith helmets, their ladies gowned and gloved, strolling beneath graceful parasols.

For a time the port of Levuka remained busy handling shipments of copra, but this too was moved to Suva.

Today, however, there is again activity. Levuka has a new cannery and is the centre of a busy fishing industry. A number of pleasant new houses have been built and Levuka has always remained the centre for some of Fiji’s best schools. The first school in Fiji is the old Levuka Publie School which opened in 1878. Today it progresses through secondary school to New Zealand University entrance level. The Catholic Convent is in the centre of town. About eight kilometres away, the imposing St John’s College is at Cawaci nestling in a wonderful valley spread between surrounding hills and peaks. Its fine old Frenchstyle church stands forth like a sentinel on the shorefront.

Up the famous Mission Hill (with its 199 concrete steps) is the old Methodist Mission and its Delana school. Below it is the rambling old Royal Hotel with the town’s busy sports field directly behind it.

With its many schools, Levuka attracts children from all over Fiji. They congregate on the field each day. At the one time rugby, soccer, tennis and basketball matches can be seen, while on another side of the grounds sedate members of the old Levuka Bowling Club walk up and down their Old Levuka ... how many of these buildings have been preserved? 50

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

greens dressed in spotless whites. This kaleidoscope of colour and energy illustrates the multi-racial harmony of Levuka. There are Chinese, Fijians, Indians, Japanese, Europeans, Taiwanese and Polynesians all enjoying their sports together.

The Ovalau Historical and Cultural Preservation Committee has been formed with the aim of preserving and improving Levuka as the living heart and pride of Fiji.

Levuka is the history of Fiji.

Its history is the history of proud chiefs and their people; the history of the dramatic events that led to cession to England; the history of Fiji as a colony and today, it is still an important part of the history of Fiji as an independent nation and as a leading member of the South Pacific countries. The aim of the committee is to retain all the treasure of the past while at the same time stimulating Levuka to remain viable as a town of today.

Believing that practical example will achieve the best results, as a first initiative the committee has planned a series of community clean-up campaigns. Town councillors, committee members, service club volunteers, school children and the public have all been urged to help, armed with cutting implements, rakes, buckets, etc, they have begun the job of gathering up all the accumulated rubbish they can find. A main target has been Totoga Creek. This picturesque waterway flows down from the hills past the Levuka Public School, the Police Station, Administration Buildings, Ovalau Club, Town Hall, Masonic Temple, Levuka Bowling Club, Royal Hotel and then, at the old market place, it finally empties into the sea. At a number of points this creek is spanned by sturdy old bridges.

As its next task, the committee aims to prepare a careful Master Town Plan specifying that particular buildings of significant historic and cultural value shall be preserved and, where possible, restored to their original condition. The town will be zoned into historical, cultural, residential, business or industrial areas.

There seems little doubt that many people will be attracted to old Levuka. Trips can be arranged to see the famous Cession Stone which is flanked on each side by stones marking Fiji Independence in 1970 and the Centenary of Cession in 1974. Tourists may raft on the Bureta River near the centre of the island and visit Lovoni Village in the heart of Lovoni valley near the cone of an extinct volcano.

The road from Levuka towards the airport passes the site of the Cession Stone and the large Fijian bure built nearby. It continues past the Draiba Cemetery, resting place of many early pioneers, and on past Loreto Roman Catholic Mission. Marist missionaries established themselves in Levuka in the 1840 s.

As a memorial to the pioneer French priest Pere Breheret the township built a town clock and tower at the Marist Catholic church in the centre of Levuka.

At the edge of Levuka town and just past the Anglican Church of the Holy Redeemer is an old bridge. Nearby is another cemetery, disused since 1876. The United States consul, Williams, whose monetary demands on Ratu Seru Cakabau led that chief to seek the protection of Queen Victoria, is buried here. Nearby is the oldest Fijian Methodist Church, built in 1869. Cakabau worshipped there after his conversion to Christianity.

To get to Levuka one flies, or you can take a bus to Natovi and then the ferry.

Levuka's celebrated shop fronts. A picture taken in the 60s, but nothing much has changed. 51 YESTERDAY

Pacific Islands Monthly - November. 1978

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BOOKS MISSION MELANESIA:

‘God Is Never

In A Hurry’

When I went to the Solomons in 1964 the sign outside the unpretentious office in Honiara of the Anglican Dio- :ese of Melanesia still bore the title, Melanesian Mission.

Today that church is an independent Province of the worldwide Anglican Communion, with its own Melanesian Archbishop, the Most Reverend Norman Palmer. A Melanesian Christianity is in the making; and the dream of Melanesia’s first bishop, the martyr John Coleridge Patteson. is coming true.

But the missionaries of the Melanesian Mission, ‘God’s gentlemen’, as David Hilliard calls them in the title of his new book, had no illusions about quick success. And those who have experienced the enervating tropical climate of Melanesia know that this in itself is enough to slow down the rate of missionary progress.

But it was comforting for the missionaries that theological insight reinforced climatic reality.

God's Gentlemen tells the history of the Melanesian Mission from its beginning in 1849 to 1942, just before the enforced turnabout of the Japanese armies on Guadalcanal. In the postwar years the headquarters of the mission were moved from Tulagi to Honiara, and an old igloo hut left behind by the American Army became the ‘world’s most ramshackle cathedral’. Today, the church’s headquarters are on that central site, but the attractive St Barnabas’ Cathedral stands in spacious grounds in the residential section of the town just past the hospital. Those who pass by at night can see through the open side of the cathedral the illuminated figure of the Melanesian Christ on the cathedral’s east wall.

The author of the book is David Hilliard, senior lecturer in history at Flinders University in South Australia. Along with two other recent books.

Reluctant Mission by David Wetherell (PIM December 1977), and Messengers of Grace by Niel Gunson (PIM October), God's Gentlemen adds significantly to our knowledge of Pacific history, and the impact of Christianity on that history through the church, and the church’s agents, ‘God’s gentlemen’.

One of God’s gentlemen, the Englishman Charles Bice (they were nearly all Englishmen), who spent 20 years in the New Hebrides provides the title of this review, ‘God is never in a hurry’, in a book about his experiences. Bice also said: ‘I can’t see any entrance to their hearts. I fear it will be a long, weary and toilsome process to bring them to a sense of their needs.’ And Arthur Hopkins, who spent 25 years in Melanesia, spoke of ‘the salvation of Melanesia from within, a long, slow, patient task, by means of a native Christianity’.

Foundations for a ‘native Christianity’ were laid by Bishop George Selwyn of New Zealand, on his first missionary journey in 1849. Selwyn’s aim was to cruise among the islands, opening up friendly relations with the Islanders, and persuading them to entrust to him ‘a few promising youths' who would be taken to the college he had established in Auckland, where they would be taught the English language, arithmetic, writing, ‘all social and civilised habits’, and the saving truths of the Christian faith.

Bishop Patteson continued this policy, with Norfolk Island as the mission headquarters, until, as Hilliard records, ‘the spectacular failure of the entire, first generation of mission scholars to carry out formal teaching when they returned to their homes pointed to a need for a supportive European presence during their vulnerable early years'.

In 1861, therefore. Patteson formed a plan to bring out English clergymen who would be based at a central spot in each group of islands, visiting adjacent islands. training teachers, and winning the goodwill and confidence of the people, and by their example recommending the Gospel of Peace to the heathen. Patteson’s ideal missionary, according to Hilliard was a man of similar stamp to himself, a young English gentleman. public school (preferably Eton), and universityeducated, who would go anywhere. could learn a native language, and who held ‘no taint of the common and fatal heresy concerning the natural inferiority of the black races’.

Though this ideal was patiently sought it was not fully realised.

Between 1850 and 1900 there were about equal numbers of graduates and non-graduates on staff; and Bishop Winnington-Ingram of London, who had a high regard for the Melanesian Mission, spoke of its staff as ‘a crack regiment’.

Hilliard points out that after 1900 the nearest the mission came to an Old Etonian in its midst was to have the son of an Eton science master!

Patteson had a warm personal affection for Melanesian people, and a profound respect for their culture. One of his col- 53

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

leagues, Robert Henry Codrington, who was to stay at Norfolk Island for 20 years, became famous for his scholarly works on Melanesian society and culture, a tradition nobly upheld by the liguist W.G.

Ivens and, more recently, by the Grand Old Man of the Melanesian Mission , Charles Edward Fox, who gave over 70 years of distinguished service to the mission, and who died only last year.

Australian Anglicanism and the church in Melanesia became inseparably linked when Bishop George Selwyn came to Sydney in 1850 and was present at the formation of the Australian Board of Missions of the Anglican Church. This book throws interesting light on that link. It is a thoroughly researched, lucid, informative and entertaining story of an heroic, if not unblemished (because human) enterprise.

Tony Bagnall

(God'S Gentlemen: A History Of The Melanesian

MISSION 1849-1942. By David Hilliard. Published by University of Queensland Press. Brisbane. 1978. $15.95.) *The Rev. Tony Bagnall is rector of St Peter's Anglican Church, Cremorne, Sydney, and deputy-chairman of the Australian Board of Missions (Anglican).

Journal Of Young

John Sweatman

The Royal Navy’s part in the control and suppression of the Pacific labour trade during the 19th century received considerable publicity at the time and it has been the subject of many books and articles published since then. Comparatively little attention has, however, been paid to the scientific and hydrographic work which was the RN’s other main task. Apart from contemporary and later books on the voyages of Beagle, made famous by Charles Darwin’s presence, and Challenger, there were only two detailed accounts, J.

B. Jukes, Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of HMS Fly (1847) and J. MacGillivray, Narrative of the Voyage of HMS Rattlesnake (1852) until 1968 when Adele Lubbock’s Owen Stanley RN, Captain of the ‘Rattlesnake ’ came out.

This is a pity because the survey voyages gave many Papua New Guineans their first contact with the outside world.

The voyages of Beagle (1837-43), Fly{ 1842-45), Bramble (1842-47) and Rattlesnake (1847-50) resulted in important contributions to the search for the shortest route from eastern Australia to India and Malaya.

Moreover, serious scientific data were obtained.

John Sweatman, a Londoner, was just over 19 when he commenced the second volume of his journal of his two cruises in HMS Bramble, commanded by Lieutenant Yule, between February 1845 and July 1847.

First as clerk, then as victualler, he took part in meeting and trading with Torres Strait Islanders, Papua New Guineans, and Australian Aborigines. While most of those meetings were peaceful, a few ended in violence. Sweatman’s observations on the Islanders’ appearance, customs, languages and mode of warfare are of surprising depth.

Even more surprising and commendable, they do not display the extreme ethnocentricity of most Europeans, missionaries included, of his day. As the editors of his journal put it, Sweatman ‘was at least innocent of the cardinal sin of comparing primitive people to children’.

He tried to appreciate the Islanders’ position. Take, for instance, his note on meeting some people near Cape Possession: ‘From their coming so well armed it is probable they anticipated hostilities, we were perfectly in their power and few savages would have spared our lives as they did ... I doubt much if we should not have met with worse treatment on the west coast of Ireland or in Cornwall.’

Parts of his journal appear to be plagiarised from contemporary sources and, compared with the accounts of Jukes and MacGillivray, Sweatman’s writing and observations are simplistic. Even so, this is a lively and highly interesting account, particularly valuable as it deals with events during 1846, the one year not covered in other contemporary writings.

Except for a lack of dates ‘on the margin’, to help the reader, this second volume of John LUIS SCCUIIU VUIUIIIC Ul JUllll Sweatman’s journal, bought in _ , , , . w . , ..

London in 1926 by the Mitchell Library, has been competently edited by Drs Jim Allen and Peter Corns who have also provided a scholarly introduction, The general presentation of this fascinating account is excellent.

The first volume of Sweatman’s journal has so far not come to light.

Harry Jackman. (the journal of john sweatman: a nineteenth cen-

Tufly Surveying Voyage In North Australia And

TORRES STRAIT. Edited by J. Allen and P. Corris. Published by University ol Queensland Press. Brisbane. 1977. $24.00.1

Carrying On A South

Seas Tradition

One of the interesting minor figures in the early history of the Pacific Islands was Captain John Nicholson, master of the missionary ship Haweis and other vessels that plied between the Society Islands, Tonga, New Zealand and Australia.

Nicholson, originally of the Royal Navy, went from England to Moorea in 1818 to take command of the Haweis, which had been launched there that same year. His first task was to survey part of Moorea’s east coast and remove the printing equipment that the LMS missionaries had set up at Afareaitu the previous year to print the first books ever produced in the South Seas.

Nicholson was in the Pacific at a sufficiently early stage to make a discovery or two and to leave his name on the map.

One of his discoveries was a shoal south of Tonga, originally called Nicholson’s Reefs, but now known as Minerva Reef after the brig Minerva, wrecked there in 1 829. Another of his discoveries was the harbour of Wellington, New Zealand’s capital, which is still called Port Nicholson.

Captain Nicholson eventually settled in Sydney and became the port’s harbour master. He left many descendants, one of whom is lan Hawkins Nicholson, a captain in the Royal Australian Navy, This latter-day Captain Nicholson has just made a valuable contribution to the study of early South Seas maritime history as the compiler of a book entitled Shipping Arrivals and Departures, Sydney, 1826-1840.

The book is a companion volume to John Cumpston’s Shipping Arrivals and Departures, Sydney 1788-1826, which was published in 1963.

In reviewing the Cumpston volume in these columns in September 1963, the present reviewer said that Australian HMS Bramble off Sydney. 55 BOOKS

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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The Book of Luelen: a questionable work on Micronesian history?

“The clothes were made from breadfruit bark. They would cut down a length of breadfruit, a span long or more. They would then remove the bad part of the skin and they would then make a thing for pounding the breadfruit bark. They would take care lest it tear, and it would be spread apart and become broad, and also become longer. These were the women’s wraparounds and also their sheets at night. When they slept they were very good, soft, and warm. This kind of cloth was called breadfruit sheets because it was made from the breadfruit tree.”

So writes Luelen Bemart in his book on Ponapean traditional lore The Book of Luelen. At first glance, it appears a shoddy attempt at recording the traditions and history of Ponape Island. The writing style is stilted, the spelling system archaic, and the story, by admission of the author himself, incomplete.

Nonetheless, the book marks a significant watershed in Pacific historiography: The Book of Luelen exists as the only history of a Micronesian island written by a Micronesian. The impact which the book has on Micronesian intellectual and social development will be well worth watching. It is ‘must’ reading for Pacific historians and all keen observers of the Islands-.

Luelen Bemart, a wise and respected Ponapean elder with strong familial ties to the ruling families of two of Ponape’s five kingdoms, took upon himself the task of setting down in writing the stories which tell of Ponape’s origins and development. Luelen’s sources were oral.

That the book was written in the first place is of considerable historiographical significance.

In cultures based on an oral tradition where “some knowledge, like coconut milk, passes from darkness to darkness”, there is no written word.

Luelen’s achievement suggests a quantum jump in Micronesian patterns of culture. Those knowledgeable on Ponapean matters speak of others who, inspired by Luelen, have written or are now writing about what they know.

What motivates a man from a totally oral tradition to set down in writing the lore of his island?

Luelen was 68 years old when he began writing this book. Perhaps the old man, aware of his failing memory, desired to make a written record of his knowledge for his own sake.

Political considerations present still another possible motivation. As do people in many oral societies, Ponapeans rely upon legends as the source and justifier of their traditional political system. The legends dictate which clans and sub-clans of those clans hold legitimate claim to the chiefly titles. In an oral tradition, the possibility of deliberate distortion for political gain always exists.

In the second decade of the 20th century, a dispute arose over the succession to the title of Nahnmwarki (king) in the Kitti kingdom where Luelen lived. After much bitter debate, the title passed from the one sub-clan of the ruling clan to a second sub-clan. Legends may have been intentionally altered to assure this outcome. One very authoritative source on Ponapean legends believes that Luelen may have purposely written a clouded version of the legends involved in the dispute to cement the fait accompli.

Luelen was related by marriage to the sub-clan which wrested the title.

Luelen’s editors are no less impressive than their subject.

Saul Riesenberg, former Trust Territory anthropologist and presently senior ethnographer at the Smithsonian, gets the credit for “discovering” the manuscript when he first visited Micronesia and Ponape in 1947 and was shown a copy.

Fischer and Whiting of Harvard first came upon the manuscript in the early 19505.

Anthropologists both, and at a time when their discipline was at its peak in Micronesia, they were shown other copies.

The traits which make The Book of Luelen a questionable work of history in Western eyes are the exact qualities which give it such importance and significance to the Micronesian intellectual tradition. The book raises more questions than it answers; this is encouraging for those people concerned with the preservation of Ponape’s customs and traditions.

Hopefully the publication of The Book of Luelen will encourage Micronesians, young and old, to redouble their search for their roots, and share some though understandably not all of what they find.

David L. Hanlon and Dirk A. Ballendorf (THE BOOK OF LUELEN: LUELEN BERNART Translated and edited by John L. Fischer. Saul H. Riesenberg and Marjorie G. Whiting. Published by the University Press of Hawaii. Honolulu. USSIS.OO.

Annotations. Ussio.Oo.S

• David Hanlon teaches history at the Community College of Micronesia , Ponape. Formerly a Peace Corps Volunteer on Ponape, he is fluent in the language and very knowledgeable on the culture. Dirk Ballendorf is director of the Community College and a longtime Micronesia watcher.

South Seas Tradition - from p55 and Pacific historians would probably still be thumbing through it with gratitude a century hence, and those remarks may now be applied with equal justice to the Nicholson opus.

Like the original volume, Nicholson’s book-aims to provide a record of shipping movements in and out of Sydney during the 15 calendar years indicated in its title.

Each vessel is listed in chronological order according to its date of entry, and details are given of its type, master, provenance, cargo and notable passengers. If a ship happened to be wrecked after leaving Sydney, that, too, is noted.

The book was produced offset from typescript and was printed in Singapore where Captain Nicholson is currently naval attache at the Australian High Commission.

The book is title No 23 in the Roebuck Series, which John Cumpston (a former Australian consul in Noumea) launched several years ago as an outlet for “books of merit on Australian historical subjects” that could not otherwise find a publisher. Its cost direct from the publisher ineluding postage within Australia is $16.50.

Title No 22 in the Roebuck Series is a reprint of Cumpston’s own Shipping Arrivals and Departures, Sydney, 1788-1826, which has been out of print— but much in demand for several years. Its cost plus postage within Australia is $11.50.

The two volumes may be had for $27.00.

Roebuck books are available from booksellers or from J. S. Cumpston, 42 Araba Street, Aranda, ACT, 2614 Robert Langdon. 57 BOOKS

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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Solo man Willy seeks his world ‘first’

If you’ve ever felt that the age of discovery and exploration is over, and that all a poor yachtsman can do nowadays is to follow the beaten track around the world, take heart, write Marie-Therese and Bengt Damielsson from Papeete. Living proof that it is still possible to chalk up a geographical ‘first’ is Dutch solo navigator Willy de Roos - he is circumvavigating America!

Willy slipped almost unnoticed into Papeete in August.

Admittedly this latter-day Flying Dutchman has not yet completed this circuit which has never before been attempted.

But there’s no doubt he will succeed since the most difficult stretch, the Northwest passage, is already behind him. This explains his leisurely approach to the second half of the voyage: from Cape Horn up the east coast of the two Americas. He has deliberately postponed it in order to circumnavigate, as an extra dish, the Antarctic continent.

Willy was 50 before he gave up a successful business career to make his first voyage round the world under sail, between 1972 and 1975.

Still unsatisfied, and anxious for new challenges, Willy suddenly had the idea that he could achieve his ambition for a world ‘first’ by sailing right around America provided, of course, he managed to get through the icy Northwest passage. For the discoverer, the Norwegian Roald Amundsen, it had taken four long years. 1903-07. The hardships he and his five companions endured were almost incredible. Since that time only half a dozen naval vessels, some supercolossal tankers, and the atomic submarine Nautilus have repeated the achievement.

Willy de Roos had at his disposal only a 12 m saving boat named Williwaw (after a turbulent wind that blows in Patagonia). But he crammed it full of the most modern equipment: radar, automatic pilot, sounding devices, and so on.

Plus a heating system. For shore excursions he took a oneman sledge, to be pulled by himself.

Leaving the coast of Greenland in June 1977, Willy bravely entered the first of an endless succession of narrow and winding channels which constitute the intricate maze called the Northwest passage.

In open water, a constant 24-hour watch had to be kept in order to avoid collisions with the countless icebergs, the size of buildings many storeys high.

When the sea was frozen, the pack ice often threatened to crush the yacht. All the time.

Willy had to make snap decisions as to which course or channel to follow. If the decision proved wrong and there was no exit, it was impossible to turn back. His only recourse was to wait and hope that a new channel would open up in the right direction. During this tricky navigation, the compass was of no use at all. due to the proximity of the magnetic pole. i was certainly scared all the time.’ Willy told us. ‘But that constant fear was a good thing, for it acted like an alarm clock when I dozed off. The only trouble was I did not get enough sleep. On several occasions, I was seriously tempted to follow Amundsen's example and hibernate. To sleep the whole winter seemed to me, at this stage, to be the highest form of human happiness.’

Fortunately, Willy kept his eyes open, continued to make Royal Papua’s keen yachties Leafing through the latest issue of the Year Book of the Royal Papua Yacht Club enthusiasm positively jumps from every page, writes John Collins. And small wonder. The club caters for just about every type of boat known to man. The larger sizes feature a Folkboat, a Tahiti Ketch. Trailer Sailers, tris, etc., down to the latest Lasers, Fireballs, Lightweight Sharpies, various catamarans and the übiquitous Heron sailing dinghies to a vast array of power boats and even a houseboat. A lineup like this must surely make the club unique.

Included in the Year Book is an article on the welcome renaissance of Papuan sailing canoe racing, and a list of cruising yachts which have visited Port Moresby over the past year.

SAR (Safe Aquatic Recreation) is the local volunteer rescue group. Included in the book are their ‘Commandments for Boat Loading’. They are well worth repeating; Verily I say unto thee: Spreadeth out the people and things evenly in thy little boat, for he that spreadeth the load not wisely bringeth much woe unto the SAR and himself.

Wisest is he that keepeth the whole load in his boat as low as possible. Thy first command to thy people in the boat shall be... ‘SID DOWN!’

Suffer thee not the fools who would ride on the bow for they are non believers, and not long for this world.

Regard not the number of seats in thy boat, for oft they mislead and may bring thee to sin of overloading.

Commit thee to memory the words engraved upon thy capacity tablet for they shall bring thee comfort and keep thee from committing a no no!

As well as hosting a ‘world championship’ for Lightweight Sharpies this year the club also has a boat entered in the world’s Quarter Ton championships, to be held this year in Japan (see Cruising Yachts).

Willy de Roos and Williwaw in Papeete harbour. 59 BOATING

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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MG-502 (Hull length 26 -42 ) Bedford 330*, Caterpillar 3208, Chrysler CM6-55T1 & M4-75*, Cummins V-504-M & V-555-M, Detroit Diesel 6V-53* & 4-71, Ford 2712 E, Perkins * T6.354M & V8.510M and Volvo TAMD-60A MG-506 (Hull length 38-47) Caterpillar 3304 & 3208, Chrysler M 5-75, Cummins V9o3* & V-555-M, Detroit Diesel 6V-53 4-71 & 6-71*, Perkins TVB.SIOM & V8.510M and Volvo TAMD-708 MG-509 (Hull length 42 -65 ) Caterpillar 3306 & D 334, Cummins N-855-M, V-903M, VT-903M* & VTA-903M*, Detroit Diesel 6-71, BV-71, 6V-92, BV-92* & BV-71TI * Volvo TMD-100A.

MG-510A (Hull length 50 -60 ) Aifo-Fiat 828 SM, Caterpillar 3406 T, Cummins VTA-903M, Detroit Diesel BV-71TI & BV-92, Mercedes 0M403, Volvo TAMD-120A.

MG-514 & Omega Power Control MG-514M (Hull length from 54 ) Caterpillar 3406 & 3408, Cummins NT-855-M 4 & NTA-855M, Detroit Diesel BV-92 & 12V-71, Volvo TAMD-120A. * Special conditions of factory approval.

Shown is the newly announced Twin Disc Model MG-510A Marine Transmission designed for use in 50-60' hulls. the right decisions and also to have lots of plain good luck.

He was deservedly given a hero’s welcome in Vancouver, BC, at the end of October, 1977. But fame is a fickle lady, and nobody paid the least attention here to the redpainted yacht with the strange name tied up at the wharf in Papeete for a little more than two weeks. Even more astonishing, the movie of this extraordinary voyage screened by Willy at the House of Culture attracted an audience of only about 150. practically all fellow sailors from the other yachts in the harbour. Should we conclude that the world’s greatest navigators, the Polynesians, have now become so thoroughly Westernised that they have turned their backs on the sea? And who was on the Papeete waterfront to bid this daring and courageous navigator goodbye, when he left on his Antarctic cruise? Only a local radio ham and the present writers.

The only British vessel in the Funafuti lagoon on October I when Tuvalu gained its independence from Britain was the Aventura skippered by Jimmy Cornell, accompanied by wife Gwenda, daughter Doina, 11, and son Ivan, 9. Mr Cornell, a naturalised Briton of Rumanian birth, is a regular contributor to the BBC's world service, providing weekly programmes on his travels for transmission on the Rumanian service. In the three and a half years since the Cornells left London they have travelled about 50 000 kilometres and visited more than 40 countries. After Tuvalu they set sail for Fiji, New Zealand and Tonga before heading north again for the New Hebrides and points west. 60 BOATING

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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X V-USTR4Z^ C 4MloG^ I Please send me your catalogue by r / enclose $2 in stamps to cover ban Whitworths Nautical World. 38 Green S Brookvale. NSW Australia. 2100. .P/CODE 3377/PI CRUISING YACHTS » CHALYBIS, 10.4 m Temp- :ress sloop, was outfitted for cruising in Townsville, Ausxalia, by Mervyn Flynn and his wife Rosemary. Mervyn sailed ;o Cairns, through the _ouisiades to Papua New Suinea and Solomon Islands.

It was an outrageous trip,’ he said. ‘lf a taxi had come by I’d lave gladly taken it.’ Ken A/retham, underwater photographer, joined the Chalybis in Honiara. The two men plan to jo extensive diving and pho- ©graphing of World War II elics, sunken ships and ighter planes. • KLARABORG registered n Gothenborg, Sweden, and :hought to be the oldest workng sailboat in the world, arrived in Marau Sound, Solomon Islands. Built in the 1850 s, Klaraborg is 36.6 m ong, has a beam of 6.9 m and a 2.6 m draft. She is a gaff- Igged ketch, displacement 120 tonnes. Ove and Jan Lincer bought the Klaraborg in 1965 in Sweden, where she nad fallen into disuse from her days as a cargo freighter. They spent two years remodelling ner into a passenger ship with comfortable accommodation for 16 people. > KARLOO, 9.14 m Waterwitch class sloop, with owners Beoffrey and Ruth Goodman, arrived at Bundaberg, Queensland, on July 11 after an absence from Australia of seven and a half years, spent cruising around the islands in :he South-west Pacific. On eaving Suva, Fiji at the end of :he last cyclone season they nad a fast passage to the New Hebrides and stayed in Vila for a month. Then followed a very slow passage, with light headwinds or no wind at all. to New Caledonia, where prolonged westerlies delayed their planned early departure for Australia. More light headwinds made the final stage from Noumea to Bundaberg another leisurely one. For the next few months the Goodmans will be renewing acquaintance with friends and anchorages on the Queensland coast. The Goodmans feel that yachtsmen bound for Australia could well consider making Bundaberg their port of entry. The Burnett River is a convenient and safe place for arrival, and the city of Bundaberg, 10 nautical miles up the river, has good anchorage and facilities. • VIVALDI, 17 m yawl built in Sydney, is the only yacht registered in Solomon Islands.

Roy and Margaret Clement left Sydney in September 1975 and sailed to Honiara. Roy is stationed in Solomon Islands, and does all the pleasure cruising he can find time for.

Fulltime crewman is Thomas Teago, from the Santa Cruz group. Roy is extremely proud of his newly installed Decca radar. • WINDSON 22.3 m steel ketch from Savannah, Georgia, arrived in Marau Sound, Solomon Islands, with Jim and Cheryl Schmidt. The Dutchbuilt Windson left the US east coast in December 1976, and sailed to the Bahamas, through the Panama Canal to the Galapagos, Tuamotus, American Samoa, Fiji, to New Zealand, where Jim’s brother Tom joined the vessel. They then proceeded to the New Hebrides and Solomon Islands. The brothers are diving enthusiasts and plan some serious diving in Solomon Islands. Later in the year they plan to sail to Truk to explore wrecked ships. • OCARINA departed Honiara in early September for Kieta, Rabaul and Madang, Papua New Guinea. Among those on board is Mrs Roderica Laymon to whom PIM August addressed a message in the Cruising BOATING

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Telephone: 981 3508 Yachts section. Mrs Laymon writes; ‘When Ocarina finally sailed into Honiara and we went ashore to the yacht club people greeted us with “So you’re here at last! We’ve been saving up your mail for you, and have you seen the latest issue of PlM?’’ Our first greeter explained to us what the message had been, the next greeter explained it again to us, and the next and the next. We considered ourselves truly informed, and you might consider that everyone at the yacht club reads PIM!’ (PlM’s thanks to all concerned.) • VENTURE, 10 m ketch built in Okinawa, left Guam at the end of July for the Caroline Islands and Solomon Islands.

On board are Jack and Sonoko Welborn and son Ken. • Five yachts planned to take part in an inaugural race between Cairns and Samarai, Papua New Guinea, in August.

They were GANDALF, a 9.7 m cutter, sailed by Al and Marion Vroom from Vancouver; WARLOCK, 9.5 m, sailed by Nick and Janice Wooller; WINGS, 11 m steel sloop, sailed by Dave Muse and Suzanne Martinek; TOMIKO 11, 9.2 m timber ketch, sailed by Kris and Russell Smith (accompanied by eight-monthsold Jodi) from New Zealand; and ALINAR 10.3 m steel cutter, sailed by John and Heather Wilks and son Nathan. Each yacht donated a bottle of rum as prize, which was won by Wings. But all concerned helped to drink it.

Wings did the trip in 86 hours.

Second was Warlock, third was Tomiko 11, fourth was Alinar but as its skipper said ‘We did have hot meals every day’. In the event, Gandalf did not compete in the race. • INTERMEZZO, Columbia 50, arrived in Marau Sound, Solomon Islands, with Skip and Linda Dashew and daughters Elyse 9, and Sarah 6. The family sailed from California in November 1976, heading down the coast of Mexico to the Marquesas, Tuamotus, Cook Islands, Pago Pago, Apia, Tonga, Fiji, to New Zealand, where they spent the 1977 winter. There the vessel was remodelled from a racing craft to a cruiser with comfortable accommodation for the family. From New Zealand the Intermezzo sailed to New Caledonia, New Hebrides, and Solomon Islands. • HONEYWIND. 15.9 ferrocement cutter rig from Sydney, arrived in Honiara with skipper Andrew Bray and Vicky Garland. They had called at New Caledonia and the New Hebrides. Plans are to go from Solomon Islands to Cairns, returning to Sydney for Christmas. • VELOCITY, skippered by Bruce Tardrew, was to take part in the quarter-ton world championships in Yokosuka, Japan, in October. The boat was shipped from Port Moresby for the event. Unfortunately, John Malins and Topaz pulled out as challengers, but, as noted in the Avaganda, the Whiting Keeler hired and skippered by Greg Sheehan while still living in Papua New Guninea. Avaganda finished 16th in the 1977 World Half Ton Championships, hosted by the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron. Greg now lives in Sydney. (Photo: courtesy Royal Papua Yacht Club.) Detail from Port Moresby cartoonist ‘Bob’s’ impression of scenes outside the clubhouse of the Royal Papua Yacht Club. (Courtesy RPYC.) 62 BOATING

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Model Hercules Two speed manual anchor windlass. Five-sixteenth and half inch chain. Low ratio pull 1200 lbs. High ratio pull, 500 lbs. Vertical lever operation, white plastic finish.

Hydraulic Pedestal Steerer Comprising pedestal SS wheel, cylinder, tiller, lock valve (if required), by-pass valve (if required), high output torque, aluminium. White plastic finish, reactive and nonreactive models, cuts installation costs by half.

Polished stainless steering wheels (All welded construction), 16"-18" flat and dished, teak spoked handles and double rimmed.

Manual anchor model “SAMSON"

One gypsy suits oneeighth, five-sixteenths and three-eights inch- chain.

Lifts 500 lbs. to 21.1 ** mechanical advantage, easy operation. Five lever movements, pulls one metre of chain. White plastic finish, standard or deluxe models available. Vertical lever operation.

Vertical Capstan „ Windlass 12, 24, 32 volt,, three-eighths to five-eighth inch chain, lift to 4000 lbs, gunmetal. Chrome plate capstan and mounting flange.

Hydnautic Products Are Australian Made

Marine Products 44 Napoleon Street, Battery Point, Hobart, Tas. Phone 34-6476 Brown's Road, Kingstown. t Electric Model Cheetah 12 and 24 volt. Five-sixteenth to seven-sixteenth inch chain. 800 lbs. lift. Manual operation lever. White plastic finish.

AGENTS TAS: MUIR ENGINEERING, Ph, 34-6476. ROSS MUIR YACHTING SUPPLIES.

Ph. 34-1696 o INGLIS SMITH PTY. LTD., 574 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne.

Ph. (03) 699-5022 KNOX SCHLAPP PTY. LTD., 135 McEvoy Street, Alexandria. Ph. (02) 699-8333. W. KOPSEN & CO. PTY. LTD., 477-481 Kent Street, Sydney.

Ph. (02) 62-6355 (6 lines). PETER GREEN SHIP CHANDLERS. Corner Polo Awe., and by the Sea Road, Mona Vale. 2103. Ph. (02) 997-5243 333 A Rocky Point Road, Sans Souci. 2219. Ph. (02) 529-9534. 586 Military Road, Mosman. 2088. Ph. (02) 969-5146.

QUINS OF PORT ADELAIDE. Ph. (08) 47-1277. A.E. HAROLD, Gilbert Street, Adelaide. DUNCANSON YACHTS. Ph. (08) 47-3100.

KNOX SCHLAPP PTY. LTD., 195 Banks Street, East Victoria Park. Ph (09) 261-6822. ROLLY TASKER PTY. LTD., 256 Stirling Highway, Claremont.

Ph. (09) 231-5600.

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Electric model Cougar. 12 and 24 volt. One-quarter and threeeighth inch chain, 600 lbs. lift, manual operation lever, white plastic finish. { \ Model M. Windlass Three models, M.l, M. 2, M. 3.

Three-eighth to seven-eighth inch chain, galvanised mild steel and stainless steel, 2500-5000 lbs. lift. Manual, hydraulic, electric.

Poya/ Papua Yacht Club News-sheet for September, they will at least be involved n competitive sailing in Port yioresby for the rest of our season’. > MONSOON 14 6 m /vooden gaff-riggged ketch, Oolin Archer design, berthed n Honiara. Monsoon was built n British Columbia, Canada, as a fishing boat. New owners Mastair and Beth Robertson, vith son Stewart, 10, plan to sail to Australia and New Zealand. With them will go srew members Faye and Ross 3 almer. • RHODORA, 12.9 m cutter, 3 erry design, home port Key /Vest, Florida, arrived in Honiara after cruising Papua Mew Guinea islands. Skipper Hayden (DSN, ret.) las been sailing for 25 years.

He designed the interior layout )f Rhodora, which he had built This picture was originally used in PIM in January 1963. The caption then described it as the 47 ft San Diego yacht Monsoon '. Is it the same Monsoon whose recent call at Honiara is reported on this page? PIM'S cruising authority John Collins thinks so. Maybe the Robertsons-or anyone at all who is interested - would like to join the discussion. 63 BOATING

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Latest design features mean - faster production - less maintenance - easier to operate and service.

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Forestmil reduces timber waste and also reduces log transport cost. Timber is sawn direct from the log in the forest.

Forestmil can be moved to a new location in one hour.

Forestmil will saw hardwood or softwood from logs of any diameter.

Over 1000 Forestmils are sawing timber in 23 countries.

Forestmil has been manufactured for 18 years.

For literature and prices please contact the manufacturers. ft MacQuarrie Industries Pty.Ltd.

P.O. Box 20, Coburg 3058, Victoria, Australia.

Phone: 350-3411. Telex: 33729. Cables: Macbound, Melbourne. to his specifications in Taiwan.

He sailed from Guam in August 1977 with first mate Nancy Wolfe. They plan to proceed to Fiji, New Zealand, Tahiti and Hawaii. • JULIE J, home port Geelong, Victoria, Australia, 11 m staysail schooner built in Tasmania in 1958, arrived in Honiara. Skipper Bill Ashley, a retired chemical engineer, is accompanied by his wife Clyda who, unable to walk for several years, is confined to bed or wheelchair and their good friend Eileen Westworth. Visitors are extremely impressed with the arrangements made to meet the needsj of an invalid passenger, which include a special winch to lower Clyda into the dinghy so she can go ashore and see the sights in the various ports of call. The trio came to Honiara after 1.2 months cruising around Papua New Guinea. 1 • SYZYGY, a Laurin 32, with] Bob and Mimi Morse from Boston, Massachusetts, continues her circumnavigation after a I brief lay-over in northern Queensland for the birth of their new baby, Richard, born end of July. Syzygy is headed 1 Course for the 1978 World Quarter Ton Championships conducted from October 28-November 5 in Sagami Bay, Japan, by the Nippon Ocean Racing Club of Tokyo. Yachtsmen from Papua New Guinea planned to take part. (Drawing by Hugh Vautier courtesy Royal Papua Yacht Club.) BOATING

INTRODUCING FRIGID’S New Range of Assemble-Yourself Walk-In Aluminium Freezer & Cooler Storage Rooms Hundreds already installed. Now with attractive timber grain aluminium exterior finish, (rust-proof) with white vinyl interior finish.

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T 1 AVAILABLE FROM: AUSTRALIA NEW CALEDONIA EXPORTS, 363 George St., Sydney 2000. BRECKWOLDT & CO., G.P.O. Box 5027, Sydney 2001. HAGEMEYER (A'ASIA), 59 Anzac Pde., Kensington 2033. GEOFFREY HUGHES & CO 167 Macquarie St., Sydney 2000. NELSON & ROBERTSON PTY. LTD., 197 Clarence St. Sydney 2000. E RABOT (EXPORTS) PTY. LTD., 67 Castlereagh St., Sydney 2000. RABTRAD NIUGIN I PTY. LTD., P.O. Box 1406 Lae A. RIETTE (PACIFIC) PTY. LTD., 20 Loftus St., Sydney 2000. C. SULLIVAN (EXPORT) PTY. LTD. G.P.O. Box 3373, Sydney 2001. W.S. TAIT & CO. PTY. LTD., 31 Macquarie Place, Sydney 2000 or Bali, en route for the Medierranean. The Morses will hen hurry back to Boston vhere Bob must resume his eaching job. ■ MORTAIL custom-built 2.5 m trimaran, was in Fiji Lautoka-based) in September i/ith owner-skipper Guy teach and crew, Nick Gaze England), and Joanie Harvey md Pierre Belanger, both of Canada. San Franciscoegistered Mortail left Florida in March 1, 1977, sailing Trough the Panama Canal for to South Pacific. She was two /eeks in the Galapagos and nen made a 26-day passage 3 the Marquesas. After three Tenths in French Polynesia dortail spent the hurricane eason in Samoan waters and Ten three months in Tonga iefore making for Fiji. Captain teach plans to leave for New iealand in October. The rest ; uncertain, but Guy is conidering two possibilities a voyage to the New Hebrides and Australia or through Indonesia. ‘‘lt’s a strange situation and a wild occupation, living your life like a song,” writes Guy to PIM. • SONGEUR, 7 m Achilles type craft, was in Rarotonga in August. Solo sailor owner Rodney Vendail left his English home port in 1976 for the USA, West Indies, Galapagos, French Polynesia and the Cooks. On departure he headed for New Zealand. • REINGA, 7 m Achilles type craft, called at Rarotonga in August. With her crew of two skipperowner Dmitri Zotov and Sue Dunford she had come from England via Spain, Portugal, Madeira, West Indies, Galapagos, Marquesas, and Tahiti. She left the Cooks for New Zealand. • SUMMER WIND 23 m Rhodes steel ketch, Miamiregistered, was in Rarotonga in August. On board, were owner Gerry Hood, skipper Robert Lad Rodman, four more Rodmans Karen, Greg, Gail and Summer and Nat Hanison and Dexter Baum. Summer Wind quit the Cooks for Moorea. • WANDERLUST, 17 m craft, was in Rarotonga in September. She had come from Acapulco, Mexico via the Marquesas and Tahiti.

With owner Henry Stine on board were skipper Steve Carter and crew members Nadja Sayovic, Mitch Terkildsen, Scott Hendrickson, Marie Hendrickson, Suzie Johnstone, Martin Howe and Lorea Chilton.

Wanderlust left Rarotonga for Tonga and New Zealand. • lONA, of 9 m, home port San Francisco, was in Rarotonga in September. With owner-skipper Y. Leßoux were crew members Lon Bubeck and Jean-Marie Pare. She left for Niue. • ISATIS, 9 m craft of Romance type, designed by Philippe Harlet, was in Rarotonga in * September.

On arrival her crew comprised owner-skipper Jean Lescure, Mme Claudin Lescure, Rebecca Lee and Jean-Marie Pare (who later transferred to Iona). Isatis had sailed from her home port of La Rochelle, France, to England, crossed the Atlantic, and after passing through the Panama Canal, visited Alaska and the Marquesas. • ATRIA, a 9 m, Golden Hind type craft, was in Rarotonga in September.

Owner-skipper James Stamps was accompanied by Roslyn Woodhead. 65 BOATING ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER. 1978

TRADEWINDS

Towards A South

Pacific Master

Market Plan?

Two-hundred mile resources zone euphoria, apparent after last year’s Port Moresby South Pacific Forum, has palled a bit in the months since. Those instant riches weren’t forthcoming and perhaps are even further away after this year's Niue Forum in September. But while the euphoria of 1977 was an over-reaction, so was the depressed mood of some delegations after the Niue get-together, writes Bob Hawkins who was in Alofi during the talks.

At least a fisheries organisation will be set up; an association is to be established among regional airlines; there is enough goodwill to push the newly-established Pacific Forum Line on through its difficult teething stage; but, much more importantly, the groundwork has been laid in a vital area which could, in the nottoo-distant future, become the Forum’s greatest single achievement.

Before the Niue meeting was a document, compiled rather presumptuously ‘by a team of experts’, entitled Industrial Development and Trade Relations in the South Pacific. It is a significant report and gives the reader a feeling it may prove to be the first step along the road to the formation of a South Pacific economic community. The report was commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat and the experts called upon to compile it were assisted by the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation (SPEC).

Australia obviously appreciated the impact the document would have on Forum members and indicated its willingness to offer assistance to Island members along lines recommended.

The industrialisation side of the report in itself makes interesting if not too optimistic reading, but it is the trade relations portion which provides possibly the best appraisal yet of the various forces at work in the region and then goes on to suggest ways in which Island states can improve their performance.

It looks at trade with developed nations (noting that while more can be sold to Europe and other developed areas Islanders should not rely too heavily in that direction), and trade with developing nations (particularly Association of South-east Asian Nations - ASEAN countries). But its main focus is on improving Island performance vis-a-vis Australia and New Zealand.

The going will not be easy but, with the goodwill of Australia and New Zealand, the report suggests two ways in which the lot of Island nations could be enhanced. Each, the reports stesses, depends on how forthcoming Australia and New Zealand prove to be on the question of access to their markets.

The existing trade agreement between Australia and its former territory, Papua New Guinea, provides the basis for the first approach. The report suggests an extension of the Australia Papua New Guinea Agreement on Trade and Commercial Relations (PATCRA) by the accession of the Pacific Island countries and New Zealand.

The report observes that while cast in the form of an agreement establishing a ‘free trade area’. PATCRA is ‘unusual because of the way in which it protects the somewhat different interests of its developing and developed members. In brief the agreement is designed so that PNG gives no tariff concessions to Australia . . . PNG benefits from free access to Australia for most goods whilst Australian interests are protected by the provision of a finely graded range of safeguards’. In other words, PNG has far from open slather but it is a relationship which other Island groups would like with both Australia and New Zealand.

PATCRA also has articles dealing with the promotion of investment, industrial, technical and administrative cooperation, trade and technical assistance. And, interestingly. the agreement provides that the member states may agree to | the association of any other] state with the agreement sub-1 ject to the negotiation of acceptable terms.

The report says the chief advantages, of an approach i through PATCRA are; that an agreement already exists with provision for accessions and that the process of extension depends primarily on unilateral action by Australia and New Zealand; and that the concessions Australia makes to PNG would provide a yardstick against which Pacific j Islands would measure Australian concessions to other countries and New Zealand concessions to all regional countries.

The report states: ‘Leaving aside the central question of the extent of substantive concessions by Australia and New Zealand the main problems ... arise primarily from attempting to build an agreement, which essentially formalises existing trade relations between two countries, out into a full fledged international agreement.’

The second course suggested is for the creation of a new regional agreement in which Australia and New Zealand would grant preferential or The conference room at SPEC headquarters In Suva. There’s hard work ahead for those who will be warming these seats from now on-and no place at all for those who are happy just to warm the seats and do nothing else. 66

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

duty-free access to goods from Island countries on a nonreciprocal basis. The main difference, it says, from PATCRA ‘would flow from an essentially tactical judgement that it would be possible to avoid unnecessary international diplomatic activity by building a new agreement, rather than extending an old one’.

This would require the Forum to call for a review of trade between member countries with a view to assisting developing member countries.

Australia and New Zealand would then have to review their current practices and come up with changes they would be prepared to grant to their fellow Forum members. Provided the A-NZ offer looked good enough, ‘the Forum could then ... welcome ... the offers ... and initiate proceedings to gain international acceptance’.

While a new regional agreement would give some flexibility over an extension of PATCRA, the report notes that the ‘gain is ... slight and would need to be weighed against the danger that Australia and New Zealand might ... make less substantive concessions Australia has long argued for non-discrimination in international trade relations and has recently argued that PATCRA does not offend against the principle of nondiscrimination. Experience in GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) has shown that this position is not fully accepted by some other countries and Australia would probably find it easier to argue the case for a new agreement rather than an extension . . .’

The Forum’s reaction to the report was to ask SPEC to get senior trade officials of member countries together to examine it in detail and to prepare recommendations ‘on a nonreciprocal trade agreement between Australia and New Zealand on the one hand and the Forum Island countries on the other’.

Other Forum directives on the same report were to instruct SPEC to look to measures to encourage the rationalisation and development of industries in the Islands, to promote greater market access in Australia and New Zealand and other countries outside the region as well as looking to ways in which to improve interisland trade.

Australia’s response to the report was to offer to fund for five years a trade commission in Australia which will promote Island exports.

SPEC has the footslogging ahead of it but if Australia is to put its goodwill where its mouth is and prove that there’s some substance in its sometimes hollow assertions that it is not protectionist there’s no reason to believe sonething substantial in terms of a South Pacific-wide trade agreement can’t be on the table in time for next year’s Forum in Honiara.

Bank Line changes course The Bank Line, at the end of November, will launch a monthly regular and direct container/unitised cargo service from Hull to Suva and Lautoka, in response to a demand for a direct service. The new service is part of a restructuring of the line’s overall South Pacific trade.

Fast, modern, composite cargo liners of the Cedarbank class will be used, offering break bulk containers, bulk liquids, reefer space and heavy lifts up to 50 tonnes. The main destinations are Papeete, Suva, Lautoka, Noumea, Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Kieta, and Honiara, with occasional calls at Madang, Yandina and Tarawa. Trans-shipment cargoes will be accepted for other ports.

The UK loading brokers for the new services to Fiji will be Eastern Liner Services, which already handles Bank Line South Pacific services, with offices in London, Liverpool, Glasgow and Hull. Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd are the agents in Suva and Lautoka. Details of services may also be obtained from the Bank Line in Sydney.

At the same time the Bank Line has announced it is terminating its services from Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa to the UK and the Continent.

Legal setback for Nauruans An application by Nauru Pacific Line and Nauru Local Government Council for an injunction against the Australian Shipping Officers’

Accociation (ASOA) restraining the association from imposing a black ban on the line’s chartered motorship Fentress was dismissed in the Federal Court in Melbourne in September.

The ruling by Mr Justice Northrop was a double blow to the Nauruans, for the judge, as well as refusing the injunction, said the line was operating illegally in Victoria because it had deliberately refrained from registering in Victoria as a foreign company.

The ASOA had slapped a ban on the Fentress now becalmed in Melbourne because of alleged breaches of the shipping officers’ award by its Melbourne travel department.

The Nauru Co-operative Society has taken over the travel department’s functions and then notified the ship’s officers that they would be employed under the less favourable conditions of the Clerks’ Determination Award for Victoria.

Harder on ‘expats’ in Solomons New laws aimed at increasing employment opportunities for local people and protecting customs and culture have been enacted in the Solomons.

There will also be tighter control of vessels, including yachts, entering the country.

People wishing to work in the Solomons for more than 14 days will need a clearance from the Commissioner of Labour.

Expatriates looking for work will not be considered unless the immigration authorities issue a permit. Expatriate wives and husbands of Solomon Islanders, unless they are citizens of the Solomons, will have to have a permit to enter and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (back to camera), greets a smiling New Zealand PM, Rob Muldoon. Despite the apparent bonhomie, its one of the the worst-kept secrets of the trans-Tasman politics that there’s no love lost between these two. But a lot depends on them being able to get their ideas together on their countries’ economic relations with Pacific Island nations. 67 TRADEWINDS

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

NowtwofKghtsa week on the raynesian Airlines Apia -Auckland vlaTonga % v A A FRIDAY Departs Apia TUESDAY 3.15 p.m.

Departs Apia 3.15 p.m.

Polynesian Airlines, the airline taking people like you to see friends and Family living in 1 7 New Zealand, is proud to announce a second weekly flight on the Apia-Auckland via Tonga service.

Western Samoa

AMERICAN SAMOA Phone Polynesian Airlines or your Travel TONGA RAROTONGA Agent today for further information and bookings.

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Serving the heart of Polynesia Lumanai Building, Fagatogo Telephone: 633-4331.

AUCKLAND 9731 68

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

ive in the country, and will not >e allowed to work, unless they lave a permit.

Employment of expatriates vill only be allowed when conidered necessary, and will be ;übject to the localisation polcy. The new laws protect the :ountry from having to underake the financial burden of :aring for destitute expatriates md returning them to their >wn countries.

During the debate on the enibling bills, there were comjlainls about yachts ‘trespassing”, and pleas for the jovernment to make efforts to ratch intruders. ndonesia-PNG alk aid, trade ndonesia will give technical issistance to Papua New Guinea in small scale indusries, and the two countries will vork toward establishment of lirect trading relations. These igreements were reached durng a two-week visit to ndonesia in September by the S NG Minister for Commerce, Mr Pita Lus.

Agreement on technical as- ;istance came after a request by Vlr Lus to the Indonesian Minister for Trade and Cooperatives, Mr Radius Prawiro. [t will cover the hand loom and veaving industry, wooden landicrafts, the use of leather, oamboo and rattan and rooftile making.

Training in these fields will ;oe conducted either by sending PNG trainees to Indonesia or Indonesian technical instructors to PNG. Further details of the scheme will be worked out through an exchange of letters, expected to be drawn up soon.

Mr Lus and Mr Prawiro agreed that a direct and more substantial trading relationship should be brought about through an increase in visits of government officials, chamber of commerce and industry and private businessmen.

Trade between Indonesia and PNG is meagre, with an annual value of about $A200,000. The balance of trade, heavily in PNG’s favour, mainly involves re-export of finished goods through PNG to Irian Jaya.

EEC ‘dumps’ sugar in PNG A new front was opened up in September in the continuing warfare between the Australian Government and the European Economic Community. As well as fighting the EEC over access of Australian primary products and steel to the EEC, the Australian Government now plans to take the EEC to task for its alleged ‘dumping’ of sugar on the Papua New Guinea market.

Australia’s Minister for Trade and Resources, Mr Anthony, said in Parliament that Australia sold about 20 000 tonnes of sugar annually to PNG, but that the EEC had recently been penetrating this market with heavily subsidised sugar.

The subsidy content of the EEC sugar amounted to about $350 a tonne, which was about three times the world price for sugar.

Mr Anthony said that previous complaints by Australia to the EEC about its export practices had not yet had any major impact on the community’s trading policies.

He added; Tn view of the seriousness of the situation for Australia’s exports to PNG, I have instructed officials of my department to consult with officials of the Australian sugar industry to prepare formal notification to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) challenging the EEC on its behaviour in respect of Article 16 of the GATT to see whether we cannot take some positive action to stop this dumping.’

Article 16 of the GATT effectively demands the elimination of export subsidies.

PNG love affair with Star-Kist?

The Papua New Guinea Government in September sent an eight-man delegation to the United States to complete negotiations with Star-Kist Company unveils <uirvpillance nod surveillance puu Pacific Island governments brooding over the formidable problems of surveillance of newly proclaimed resources zones could well look with interest at a technical development recently fathered by Hawkerde Havilland Australia Pty Ltd.

Economy was the key consideration in the company’s development of its new Surveillance Pod. They sought to develop a device which would provide a genuine air surveillance capability, but which ~ , u r /’ • . could also be fitted to a variety r . 1W e . .. ■ J of utility aircraft, thus sparing vr u • users the expense of buying ‘fully dedicated’ surveillance aircraft. (The pod displayed by the company to journalists at Sydney’s Bankstown airport in September was fitted to a Britten Norman Islander aircraft.) Pointing out that it is only one ofthe P ossible solutions to the problem, a company brochure says of the pod: it provides night and day surveillance capability over land and sea ... It allows taking of vertical and oblique air photographs . .. incorporating Infa-red Linescan equipment (developed by British Aerospace) providing realtime display in the cabin and having the capability to accept air to ground data link options to provide in addition immediate display at a ground station.’ ... ■ , The pod is certainly com- T • . , ■ ,• , pact. It is only .4 m in diameter, *; , , J _ 2.6 m long and has a maximum . . jP in .. wei & ° The company is at work on other versions of the pod, including one adapted to natural resources exploration, and another geared to search and rescue operations.

Fishing Company on the construction of a tuna cannery at Lombrum in the Manus province. The delegation included two representatives from Manus Provincial Government.

Acting Director for Fisheries, Araha Vale, said that talks on the establishment of the cannery with Star-Kist had been underway for two years.

He said that while discussions centred on the method of sale of tuna, the delegation would maintain a firm stand regarding the environmental aspects of the proposed tuna cannery. The government hoped to sign an agreement with the company before the end of 1978, if negotiations were successful.

The American Star-Kist company is already well known in the Pacific, especially for its big operation at Pago Pago, American Samoa. Its name is so well known, indeed, that the East Sepik Provincial Executive Council has agreed to establish and fund a small fish- A Britten Norman Islander with the de Havilland surveillance pod fitted under its starboard wing. 69 TRADEWINDS

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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The company, which will be 100% PNG-owned, has been initiated by a local businessman and two expatriates who have come to an agreement with the East Sepik Provincial Government.

Currency cramp condominium One of the weirder aspects of the New Hebrides condominium’s rule is the dual currency system, writes a Vila correspondent. Both Australian dollars and New Hebrides francs are legal tender and in the days of parity, before the Australian devaluation of November 1976, this point was of little significance.

But today, with the generally accepted rate of 80 francs to the dollar, it makes a great difference, especially to the larger trading companies (Burns Philp, CFNH) which, coupled with cheap labour and lack of taxation, enhances their already healthy profits.

The actual franc to dollar rate varies daily at each of Vila’s seven trading banks.

There are also the usually stable condominium and chamber of commerce rates to assist businessmen and retailers. The local banks work their NH franc rates directly from the French franc which has been steadily improving for most of this year.

This all seems reasonable enough until one realises that pricing is almost universally done in New Hebrides francs and many people, especially those in the outer islands, are paid in dollars. The large retailers are notorious for their lightning changes in rates without notice. Any stock already on the shelves or in warehouses obviously was bought at a more favourable rate. But the writer has yet to see any compensating price reductions. If everything was imported and paid for in French francs one could see their point, but of course this is not the case.

Both Chief Minister George Kalsakau and Vanuaaku Party leader Walter Lini agree the country needs just one currency, but nothing positive has been done. The question then would be whether Australian dollars or N.H. francs should be retained. Surely the most rational solution would be the introduction of a new currency.

Solomon Islands had their new currency in circulation well before independence so the ball is obviously now in the court of the New Hebrides Government.

Tuvalu service by Auckland airline?

The Auckland-based airline Sea Bee Air is expected to form an amphibious airline to serve Tuvalu.

Managing director, Murray Pope, said the airline would need to buy Goose amphibian aircraft for the service. ‘We have been looking around and we don’t anticipate any problems in getting the aircraft.’ he said.

Sea Bee Air was formed two years ago and operates an amphibious service to the Hauraki Gulf islands.

This is Mr Gordon McKenzie, who is likely to become a familiar figure in the South Pacific Islands. He’s heading the newlyestablished office of Nelson & Roberston in Auckland. With a record of more than 80 years of service to the Islands, Nelson & Robertson plans through their new branch to provide NZ manufacturers with ‘on-thespot’ representation throughout Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Mr McKenzie, who has 13 years experience of exporting to the Islands, will assist clients and manufacturers with any and every query. 70

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

TRADEWINDS

WINDS INTELLIGENCE...TRADEWINDS INTELLIGENCE.TRADEWINE ’OLYNESIAN Airlines paid $l4O 000 for a nine-seater Britten sJorman Islander aircraft to operate a service between Savaii and Jpolu. Western Samoa, with occasional flights to Pago Pago, American Samoa.

PHE US Civil Aeronautics Board has given approval to a World Airways to operate a low fare ‘no-frills’ scheduled service from Jakland and Los Angeles to Hong Kong, via Honolulu and 3uam. One-way fares to Guam are $299 from Oakland and Los Angeles, $169 from Honolulu and $99 from Hong Kong.

'IJI Industries Ltd, cement manufacturer, earned a net profit of 171 000 in the year ended June 30. up 20% on the previous year. >n group revenue of a record $4 729 000. Annual dividend is 14%, ip 2%. lOYAL Brunei Airlines, paying SUS2O 000, and Air Pacific, payng SUSSSOO, have bought Air Niugini-designed computer prolamines, which are particularly suitable for small airline •peration. They ensure much more efficient operation.

HE PAPUA New Guinea Transport Department has recruited xperts for feasibility studies into construction of an airport in he Southern Highlands.

'HE WESTERN Samoan Trust Estates Corporation has started xports of taro to Hawaii. Aim is to fly between one and two zmnes in each consignment to Honolulu.

HE ASIAN Development Bank will make an agricultural survey n its seven developing member countries in the South Pacific in an effort to identify the most promising areas for investment in rural economies in the next five to 10 years. The survey will cover agriculture, forestry and fishing in the Cook Islands. Fiji.

Gilbert Islands. Papua New Guinea. Solomon Islands. Tonga and Western Samoa.

AIR Niugini in September opened a sales office in Chicago, its first in the USA. The office will service the whole country.

REPRESENTATIVES from the European Economic Community centre for industrial development in Brussels, on a mission to the Pacific to look for joint venture deals for EEC manufacturers. concluded that best prospects lay in forestry, fishing and processing of coconut products and oils.

A MINERAL resources vessel, the Bulikula (orange cowrie), equipped with modem search instruments and costing SF2SO 000, was due for delivery in Suva last month. Its main tasks will be to pinpoint possible underwater oil deposits and to provide information about other offshore resources .

AUSTRALIA is financing a three-year Suva programme to train 18 South Pacific teachers of handicapped children. Cook Islands, Gilbert Islands, New Hebrides, Papua New Guinea, Niue, Tonga, Solomon Islands and Western Samoa have been invited to take part in the SAI9I 000 project.. .

HYUNDAI Co has been given the go-ahead to develop the Kapaluk timber lease in Papua New Guinea’s West New Britain Province.

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71

’Acific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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PORT MORESBY: Mr. Tan, P.O. Box 5445, Boroko.

Telephone 25 2542.

RABAUL: M. & C. Seeto, P.O. Box 131, Rabaul.

Telephone 92 2902.

MADANG: W. Double, P.O. Box 22, Madang.

Telephone 82 2696.

FIJI.

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NEW HEBRIDES.

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Telephone 329.

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ENQUIRIES FROM OVERSEAS MANUFACTURERS INVITED.

Regular Monthly Liner Services from Australia and New Zealand to the South and Central Pacific

Owned By The People

Of The Pacific Islands

PACIFIC FORUITI me FOR INFORMATION CONTACT AGENTS: AMERICAN SAMOA; Polynesian Shipping Services Inc. P.O. Box 1478, Pago Pago.

AUSTRALIA: The Australian National Line, 50 Queen Street, Melbourne.

Union Bulkships Pty.Ltd., 333-339 George Street, Sydney.

GILBERT ISLANDS: Gilbert Islands Shipping Corp. P.O. Box 495, Tarawa.

FIJI: Burns Philp South Sea Co. Ltd. GPO Box 355, Suva.

NEW CALEDONIA; ETS Ballande, BP. C 4, Noumea.

NEW HEBRIDES: Burns Philp New Hebrides Limited, Vila.

NEW ZEALAND: The Shipping Corp. of N.Z. Ltd. P.O. Box 3344, Wellington.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Steamships Trading Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 1, Port Moresby.

SOLOMON ISLANDS; Sullivans S.l. Ltd. GPO Box 3, Honiara.

TONGA: Union Steam Ship Co. P.O. Box 4, Nukualofa. 72

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

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Mirex is sold in 10 gram sachets or 25 sachet outers.

Mirex is available in Papua New Guinea from South Pacific Machinery Pty Limited, P.O. Box 6115 Boroko, Port Moresby. Telephone: 253184.

Available in Fiji from South Pacific Chemicals, P.O. Box 899, Lautoka. Telephone: 62-889.

MIREX A

P.O. Box 87 Nelson New Zealand Agchem

DEATHS of Islands People

/Lary Columba

ister Mary Columba, SM, dio taught many Samoan ;aders and businessmen to ead and write, has died in American Samoa, aged 73. She /ent to Samoa in 1939 where he became known as an expert sacher of infants. She was also n artist and left many paintrigs as a memorial to her taints. The Prime Minister of Vestern Samoa, Tupuola Efi. nd the Governor of American lamoa, Mr Peter Coleman, ttended her funeral.

Mlikesa Balekiwai

Tlikesa Balekiwai, father-inaw of the Governor-General T Fiji, Ratu Sir George has died aged 75. He rad been living in retirement at lau. He was a well-known portsman in his younger days.

Je leaves a widow, six daughters and two sons.

: Rank Mahony

Dr Frank Mahony, a familiar igure for six years at South Pa- :ific Conferences as SPC Director of Social Programmes md later Director of Adminisration in a reorganised secretariat, died at La Jolla, Zalifornia, early in September ifter a heart attack. He was 53. \n anthropologist with a repuation enhanced by valuable vork for the Third World in Micronesia, Africa and with the South Pacific Commission, Dr Mahony joined the commission early in 1972 from the University of Hawaii. When he left the commission last January, he planned to take a long vacation and then seek to renew his university career at the University of Hawaii. For most of the 19505, he worked as an applied anthropologist in the Truk and Ponape districts of the US Trust Territory and then, for four years, was with the United States Agency for National Development in the Somali Republic. He spent four years at Stanford University, USA, completing his studies for his PhD in anthropology and followed this with four years in Honolulu before going to SPC headquarters at Noumea.

Inoke Cati

Inoke Cati, 50, master of the Fiji ship Moea, 31.7 m. was incinerated when the ship caught fire at Savusavu wharf.

He was trapped in his cabin and was unable to free himself.

The Moea was towed into the harbour after the fire broke out and later drifted ashore at Samo. about 800 m from Savusavu town.

F. E. M. WARNER Frederick Ernest Moore Warner, ISO, MBE, has died in Auckland.

Born in England, he began work as a clerk in Malaya.

Later, after a period in New Zealand as a farm worker, he was employed by an islands trading company, his work taking him around the Pacific, particularly to the Cook Islands and Samoa.

In 1944 he joined the British overseas colonial service and was invited by the Fiji Government to establish a cooperative marketing system.

He headed the Fiji Cooperative Department for nine years and when he left its service in 1965 there were 377 cooperatives and 11 500 members. He was awarded the Imperial Service Order for meritorious and long service.

After his retirement in 1968 Mr Warner agreed to oversee the transfer of Pitcairn Island administration from Suva to Auckland. He was Assistant Commissioner for Pitcairn from 1968 until 1973 when he became Commissioner, an appointment he relinquished in 1974.

Alan Gibson

Mr Alan Gibson who worked for Burns, Philp (SS) Co Ltd in Fiji, American Samoa and Western Samoa for about 12 years, has died in Sydney. He was prominent in sporting activities in Apia. 73

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Pll^ tWv Pacific Navigation of Tonga Limited SER VING THE PACIFIC FROM AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND NUKUALOFA:

Pacific Navigation •

OF TONGA LTD.

The Administrator *

Norfolk Island

Suva, Lautoka, Apia, A

Pago Pago Agents: •

Burns Philp

(S.S.) CO. LTD. Q

Beaufort Shipping

G.P.O. Box 3988, - Sydney, N.S.W. • Australia.

Mckay Shipping Limited •

P.O. Box 1372, Auckland, New Zealand. #

Regular Sailings

Owned Tonnage

CONTAINERS FREEZER

Deep Tanks

Continuous Pre-Receiving

Hea Vy Lifts

SHIPPING SERVICES SYDNEY - LORD HOWE IS -

Norfolk Is

Compagnie des Chargeurs Caledoniens operates four-weekly cargo service Sydney - Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.

Details Hetherington Kingsbury Pty Ltd, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

SYDNEY - NZ - FIJI - HAWAII -

Canada - Us

P & O liners call at Auckland, Suva, Honolulu and Vancouver on eastbound and westbound voyages between Sydney and the US.

Details from P & O Booking Centre, World Travel Headquarters Pty Ltd, 33 Bligh Street, Sydney (231-6655).

Australia - Nz - Fiji - Tonga

N. Hebrides - Noumea - Png

Solomons-Samoas

Royal Viking Line, with first-class cruise ships Royal Viking Star, Royal Viking Sky and Royal Viking Sea, cruises the Pacific from Sydney and Cairns calling at a variety of Pacific and Asian ports.

Details from With, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13-15 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517).

P & O liners call at Auckland, Bay of Islands, Honiara, Lautoka!

Noumea, Nukualofa, Pago Pago’

Papeete, Port Moresby, Santo!

Savusavu, Suva, Vavau and Vila on cruises from Australia.

Details from P & O Booking Centre World Travel Headquarters Pty Ltd, 33 Bligh Street, Sydney (231-6655).

AUSTRALIA - FIJI - SAMOAS - NEW HEBRIDES - TONGA -

Norfolk Island

Pacific Navigation of Tonga operates a five-weekly refrigerated general cargo/container service from Sydney and Brisbane, to Vila, Santo, Suva, Lautoka, Apia, Pago Pago, Nukualofa and Norfolk Island.

Details from Beaufort Shipping Agency Co, 2 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (221-2388).

Australia-New Caledonia

(And/Or) New Hebrides

Daiwa Line operates a container service from Sydney to the New Hebrides.

Details: Union Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney (2-0238).

Karlander operates a monthly service from Sydney to Noumea.

Details from Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301).

Sofrana-Unilines ships serve Noumea every three weeks from the main ports along the east Australian coast.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines, 37 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2031), Trans-Austral Shipping Pty Ltd, 570 Bourke Street, Melbourne (67-9162), ACTA Pty Ltd, Brisbane (221-3116), Elders-ANL Pty Ltd, Port Adelaide (47-5688), ANL, Newcastle (049-24364)1 Clements & Marshall, Burnie, Tasmania (31-1833).

Compagnie des Chargeurs Caledoniens operates a threeweekly containerised cargo service from Sydney to Noumea.

Details Hetherington Kingsbury Pty Ltd, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

Compagnie Generate Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney to Noumea, Port Vila and Santo, using Ro-Ro vessels.

Details Compagnie Generate Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700).

Australia - Fiji

Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd operates monthly cargo services from Sydney to Suva and Lautoka.

Details from Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301), Dalgety Shipping, 461 Bourke Street. Melbourne (60-0731), Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, Suva and Lautoka.

Sofrana-Unilines (Fiji Express Line) operates to Suva and Lautoka every three weeks from the main ports on the east coast of Australia and monthly to Lautoka from Melbourne and Sydney.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines; 37 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2031)1 Trans-Austral Shipping Pty Ltd’ 570 Bourke Street, Melbourne (67-9162), ACTA Pty Ltd, Brisbane (221-3116), Elder-ANL Pty Ltd, Port Adelaide (47-5688), ANL. Newcastle (049-24364) Clements & Marshall, Burnie, Tasmania (31-1833).

Australia - W Samoa

Compagnie Generate Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney to Apia, using Ro-Ro vessels.

Details Compagnie Generate Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street Sydney (231-3700).

AUSTRALIA - FIJI -

Samoas - Tonga

Pacific Forum Line operates a container, unitised/palletised and reefer cargo service from Melbourne and Sydney to Lautoka, Suva, Funafuti, Pago Pago, Apia and Nukualofa. Other ports are included on inducement.

Details from ANL Melbourne and Brisbane, Union Bulkships, Sydney, Hobart, Port Adelaide and Fremantle, Burns Philp (SS) Company Ltd, GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311-777); Polynesia Shipping Services, Pago Pago; Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, Nukualofa: PWD, Funafuti; or Pacific Forum Line, PC Box 655, Apia, W Samoa. 74

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Daiwa Lime

Japan-South Pacific Regular Service

Australia South Pacific Container Service

Japan-Taiwan-Guam-Saipan Regular Service

Daiwa Line Bridges South Pacific

With Ro/Ro Car & Container Carrier

JAPAN—GUAM LAUTOKA—SUVA—PAPEETE— PAGO PAGO—APIA— NOUMEA—

Sydney—Honiara—Kieta—Tarawa—Guam—Taiwan—Japan

Japan-Majuro-Rarotonga-Vila-Santo-Nauru-Japan

Japan—Taiwan—Guam—Saipan—Japan

MV y M THE DAIWA NAVIGATION CO., LTD.

Osaka: “Dailine” Tokyo: “Funedailine”

Head Office Tokyo Office

DAIICHI KYOGYO BLDG., SHIN-DAIICHI BLDG., 45,2-CHOME, AWAZAMINAMI-DORI, 4-13, NIHONBASHI 3-CHOME, CHUO-KU,

Nishi-Ku, Osaka, Japan Tokyo, Japan

TELEPHONE:©(O6) 531-0471 ~9 TELEPHONE: (03) 274-3251-8 TELEX: 525-6324 & 525-6325 TELEX; 222-3343, J 23559

Ustralia - Northern

Marianas - Micronesia

Nauru Pacific Line operates a jgular container service from lelbourne to Saipan, Truk, onape and Kosrai.

Details Nauru Pacific Line, auru House, 80 Collins Street, lelbourne (653-5709), Nedlloyd wire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney >-0522).

AUSTRALIA - TONGA -

Samoas - Tahiti

Karlander operates a monthly argo service from Melbourne and ydney to Nukualofa, Apia, Pago ago. Papeete, US west coast.

Details: Karlander (Aust) Pty td 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney >7-6301).

Australia - Tahiti

Daiwa Line offers a four-weekly arvice from Australia to apeete.

Details: Union Bulkships Pty Ltd, 33-339 George Street, Sydney >-0238).

Compagnie Generale Maritime perates a monthly service from ydney to Papeete using Ro-Ro assels.

Details Compagnie Generale laritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, ydney (231-3700).

Australia - Png

Containers Pacific Express 3urns Philp and AWP Line) and IGAL/PNGL Operate chief Conliner Service from Australia to NG-Solomon Islands ports on joint slot sharing basis. Three container vessels operate on 28-day turn-around from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane to Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Kavieng, Wewak, Madang, Kieta and Honiara.

Details from Burns Philp & Co Ltd, 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (20-547) and Interocean Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522).

Farrell Lines operates a service every month from Tasmania, Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane to Lae and Rabaul.

Details from Wilh Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517), 60 Market Street Melbourne (61-3031), J. C. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Robert Laurie-Carpenter (NG) Pty Ltd, Lae.

New Guinea Express Lines operates three-weekly conventional and container services Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Alotau.

Details from New Guinea Express Lines, PC Box R 73, Royal Exchange PC, Sydney (241 -3991) MacArthur Shipping Agency Co, 82-92 Eagle Street, Brisbane (229-3777), New Guinea Express Lines, 327 Collins Street, Melbourne (61 -3053), Niugini Express Lines in Port Moresby (214436), Lae (42-1536), Rabtrad Niugini Pty Ltd, Rabaul (92-2911).

Karlander New Guinea Line’s cargo vessels call at Melbourne, Sydney, Port Moresby, Lae, Madang, Wewak, Manus, Kimbe, Rabaul.

Details from Karlander (Aust) Pty Ltd, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-6301), Dalgety Shipping, 461 Bourke Street Melbourne (60-0731).

AUSTRALIA - SOLOMONS -

Gilbert Is - Micronesia

Daiwa Line operates a container service every 30 days from Sydney to Honiara, Kieta, Tarawa and Guam. Gizo cargoes transhipped at Honiara, Saipan, Majuro, cargoes transhipped at Guam.

Details from Union-Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney (2-0238, telex AA20397).

AUSTRALIA - NAURU - MAJURO Nauru Pacific Line operates regular cargo/passenger service from Melbourne to Nauru and Majuro.

Details Nauru Pacific Line, Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709), Nedlloyd Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522) US-PNG Farrell Lines operates regular services from all US west coast ports to Lae and Rabaul.

Details from Wilh, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517), Farrell Lines, 1 Market Plaza, San Francisco. L.A. (9-4105). J. C. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Burns Philp (NG) Ltd, Kieta, Robert Laurie-Carpenter (PNG) Pty Ltd, Lae.

PNG - US - CANADA Farrell Lines operates regular services from Lae and Rabaul to US west coast ports and Vancouver.

Details from J. G. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Robert Laurie-Carpenter (PNG) Pty Ltd, Lae, Farrell Lines, 1 Market Plaza, San Francisco, L.A. (9-4105), Wilh, Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0517).

Png K Uk/Co.Ntinent

Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Kieta, Rabaul, Kimbe, Madang and Lae to Liverpool, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp and London.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041), Burns Philp (PNG) Ltd, PNG ports.

PNG - US Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Kieta, Rabaul, Kimbe, Madang and Lae direct to San Francisco; calls at US Gulf and East Coast ports on inducement.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); Burns Philp (PNG) Ltd, PNG ports.

SOLOMONS - FIJI - TONGA -

W. Samoa - Uk/Continent

Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Honiara, Suva, Nukualofa and Apia to Liverpool, Hamburg, Rotterdam and Antwerp. 75

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

o

Global Service For Shippers

V

The Bank Line

Monthly Services United Kingdom and Continent to:

Papeete • Noumea • New Hebrides

Papau New Guinea And Solomon Islands

United Kingdom to: FIJI Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands to:

North America • United Kingdom And Continent

For particulars apply: THE BANK LINE (AUSTRALASIA) PTY. LTD. 18th Floor 1 York Street SYDNEY N.S.W 2000 Australia Tel: 272041 Telex; 24063 76

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

ISLANDS TRANSPORT LINE

Ms Camellia Venture

Express Freight Service between Pacific Coast Ports of U.S.A. and...

Tahiti 6 Samoa

Papeete Apia Pago Pago

Full container service including reefers.

GENERAL STEAMSHIP CORPORATION LTD.

General Agents 400 California Street, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

APIA; Bums Philp (South Sea) Company Ltd.

PAPEETE: Agence Maritime Internationale, Tahiti.

PAGO PACK); Polynesia Shipping Services Inc.

NIUE ... /' N

/Cook Islands \

1 TAHITI to and from

New Zealand

Regular service using pallet load ships TIARE MOANA and FETU MOANA. Refrigerated and general cargo between Auckland and Niue, Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Papeete. Other nearby ports by inducement.

Area Agents

Niue; Government Shipping Office, Alofi.

Cook Islands: Waterfront Commission, PO Box 61, Rarotonga.

Telex Shipping RG 2002 Tahiti: Agence Maritime et de Voyage, B P 131, Papeete.

Telex AMAV 251 FP The Shipping Corporation of New Zealand Limited Sea carrier to the nation AUCKLAND; Phone 379-430. PO Box 3420. Telex: NZ2822 WELLINGTON: Phone 728-500. PO Box 3344. Telex: NZ3495 CHRISTCHURCH: Phone 795-760. PO Box 777. Telex: 4434 DUNEDIN: Phone 76-076. PO Box 904. Telex: 5228.

J436J Details from Bank Line (A’asia) ty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney 17-2041); Burns Philp (SS) Co ;d, Fiji, Tonga, W Samoa: Trading o Honiara.

Far East - Fiji - New

ZEALAND New Zealand Unit Express )NC, MNOL, Nedlloyd) operates three-weekly cargo service from ong Kong to Lautoka, Suva, NZ orts, Manila, Kaoshiung. eelung, Hong Kong.

Details from Nedlloyd, 8 Spring treet, Sydney (2-0522).

Nedlloyd operates monthly argo service with three ships from urabaya, Jakarta, Bangkok, Port elang and Singapore to Suva and Z ports.

Details from Nedlloyd (Aust) Pty td, 8 Spring Street, Sydney >7-3801); Burns Philp (SS) Co td, Suva and Lautoka.

JAPAN - NZ - PNG China Navigation Co, with three hips operates a monthly cargo ervice from Japan to New ealand calling at Lae on return >urney.

Details Nedlloyd, 8 Spring treet, Sydney (2-0522).

Far East - Mid-S. Pacific

China Navigation Co’s vessels perate a regular cargo service om Hong Kong, Taiwan and Sinapore to Rabaul, Wewak, ladang, Lae, Port Moresby, loniara, New Hebrides, Noumea, 'apeete and Samoa.

Details from Nedlloyd, 8 Spring Itreet, Sydney (2-0522).

Kyowa Shipping Co. Ltd, opertes monthly services from Hong tong, Taiwan, S. Korea and lapan, to Guam, Siapan, >olomons, New Caledonia, Fiji, Vestern and American Samoa, ahiti, Cook Is., Tonga and New lebrides and 45-day conainer/break bulk cargo service rom Kobe, Nagoya and tokohama to Guam, Suva, Lauoka and Noumea.

Details: Hetherington Kingsbury >ty Ltd, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney 27-1671).

NYK Line, in conjunction with Daiwa Line, with container ships jperates 30-day service from Moji, <obe, Nagoya and Yokohama to 3 apeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Suva, _autoka, Noumea, Sydney, Honiara, Kieta, Tarawa, Guam and Faiwan. . Details; Union Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney '2-0238).

NORTH EUROPE - TAHITI -

New Caledonia

Hamburg-Sued operates nonthly cargo services from Ham- )urg, Dunkirk and Le Havre to 3 apeete, Noumea, via Panama.

Details from Columbus Overseas Services Pty Ltd, 333 George Street, Sydney (290-2966), Oolumbus Maritime Services, 17 Mbert Street, Auckland 77-3460).

Europe - Pacific Islands

Compagnie Generale Maritime operates services from Europe and Mediterranean ports to Papeete and Noumea using three Ro-Ro and three multi-purpose vessels thus ensuring a bi-monthly sailing to and from.

Details Compagnie Generale Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231 -3700).

EUROPE-TAHITI-W. SAMOA-

Fiji-N. Caledonia

Nedlloyd offers regular cargo services from Northern Europe and UK to Papeete, Apia, Fiji and New Caledonia.

Details Nedlloyd (Aust) Pty Ltd, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (27-3801).

JAPAN - GUAM - FIJI - TAHITI - SAMOA - N. CALEDONIA -

Solomons - Gilberts

Daiwa Lines runs a monthly cargo service from Japan via Guam to Lautoka, Suva, Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Sydney, Noumea, Honiara, Tarawa, Guam.

Details from Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, Suva.

Nz - Fiji - Tonga - Samoas

Union Steam Ship Co of NZ operates a roll-on, roll-off, unitised service from Auckland to Lautoka- Suva-Pago Pago-Apia-Nuku'alofa on a 14 day frequency.

Details from Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, PC Box 12, Auckland or from Branch offices/agents in Fiji, Tonga and the Samoas.

NZ - N. CALEDONIA - N. HEBRIDES-PNG - SOLOMONS Sofrana Unilines with three ships operates to Vila and Santo, to Honiara and Papua New Guinea and to Noumea.

Details from Sofrana Unilines, 18 Customs Street, Auckland (773-279), PC Box 3614, Telex NZ2313.

NZ - AUSTRALIA - NEW CALEDONIA - SOLOMONS - GILBERTS - MICRONESIA Union Co/Daiwa Line operate a container service from New Zealand through Sydney to Noumea, Honiara, Tarawa and Guam, Transhipment to Saipan, Majuro and Gizo.

Details: Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, PC Box 12, Auckland, or Union Bulkships Pty Ltd, 333-339 George Street, Sydney, (2-0238).

NZ-PNG Farrell Lines operates regular service every 30 days from Auckland to Lae and Rabaul.

Details from Dalgety NZ Ltd, 41-45 Albert Street, Auckland (7-1859) J. C. Waller (Rabaul) Pty Ltd, Rabaul, Robert Laurie (NG) Pty Ltd, Lae.

Nz - Fiji - North America

(WC) Blue Star Line Crusader service to West Coast North America. Only direct service to and from New Zealand. Blue Star vessels call at Suva and Honolulu on NZ-US- West Coast voyages.

Details from Blueport ACT (NZ) Ltd, PO Box 192, Wellington (739-029), Burns Philp (SS) Co Ltd, GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311-777). 77 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY "NOVEMBER, 1978

Kyowa Line

Your Trading Partner

Monthly Services Hong Kong, Taiwan, S. Korea, Japan To: Solomon Islands New Caledonia, Fiji, W Samoa, A. Samoa. Tahiti, Cook Is., Tonga, New Hebrides.

Ellice Is., Taiwan,Hong Kong,Singapore,Jakarta, Philippine To. Australia, Papua New Guinea, Sabah & Sarawak.

Hong Kong, Taiwan, S. Korea, Japan To; Guam, Saipan, Truk, Ponape, Other Pacific Islands., fAGENTS.

Taiwan: Royal Steamship Corp., Ltd, Taipei S. Korea: Dong Sue Shipping Co, Ltd., Seoul Hong Kong: Dahzun Enterprises Ltd.

Singapore; Ocean Shipping & Enterprises Pte. Ltd Guam: Maritime Agencies of Pacific Ltd., Guam Saipan: Saipan Shipping Co.. Inc., Saipan 8.5.1. P.: Solomon Taiyo Ltd., Honiara Tahiti: JA, Cowan & Fils. Papeete Cooks: Eastern Associates Ltd , Rarotonga Tonga: EM Jones Ltd. Nukualofa New. Hebrides; Agence Maritime Raymond Velicite. Port Vila A.Samoa: Island Pacific Agencies Inc., Pago Pago W. Samoa: Morris Hedstrom Ltd , Apia Fiji; Carpenter Shipping, Suva & Lautoka PNG: Carpenter Shipping Agencies, Port Moresby. Rabaul New Caledonia; Agence Maritime Du Rond Point Du Pacific, Noumea Indonesia: PT Porodisa Raya Shipping Lines. Jakarta Sabah: KOH Han Ming Shipping & Forwarding Agent, Kotakmabalu Sarawak: Pan Sarawak Agencies Sdn Bhd , Sibu & Kuching Australia; Hethenngton Kingsbury Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW Newzealand: Sofrana Umlmes SA, Auckland KYOWA SHIPPING CO., LTD.

Head Office

sth FL, Suzumaru Bldg. 39-8, 2-chome, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Phone : 03(437)2885(Rep.) Cables : “MARIQUEEN” Tokyo. Telex : 242-4651 Kyowa J.

Osaka Office

Frontier Bldg., 3-13 Hirano-cho, Higashi-ku, Osaka, Japan.

Phone : 06(227) 0422(Rep.) Cables : "MARIQUEEN” Osaka. Telex : 522-3896 Kyowa 0.

NZ - FIJI Pacific Line with one ship operates fortnightly roro cargo service New Zealand, Lautoka, Suva.

Details: Sofrana Unilines, 18 Customs Street, Auckland (773-279) PC Box 3614, Telex: NZ2313.

NZ - FIJI - GILBERTS -

Solomons - Png

Pacific Forum Line operates a container, unitised/palletised and reefer cargo service from Lyttelton and Auckland to Suva, Tarawa, Honiara, Madang, Lae and Moresby. Other ports are included on inducement.

Details from Shipping Corporation of NZ Ltd, Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington.

Burns Philp (SS) Company Ltd, GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311 -777) Sullivans, Honiara; Gilbert Islands Shipping Corporation, Tarawa: Steamships Trading in Port Moresby, Lae and Madang or Pacific Forum Line, PO Box 655, Apia, W. Samoa NZ - FIJI - SAMOAS - TONGA Pacific Forum Line operates a unitised/pallatised and reefer cargo service from Lyttelton and Auckland to Lautoka, Suva, Pago Pago, Apia and Nukualofa. Other ports are included on inducement.

Details from Shipping Corporation of NZ Ltd, Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, Burns Philp (SS) Company Ltd. GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311-777); Polynesia Shipping Services, Pago Pago: Union Steam Ship Co of NZ Ltd, Nukualofa or Pacific Forum Line, PC Box 655, Apia, W.

Samoa.

Nz- Samoa - Tonga

Pacific Navigation of Tonga operates a four-weekly cargo service, Auckland - Nukualofa - Pago Pago - Apia - Auckland.

Details from McKay Shipping Ltd, Downtown House, Queen Street, Auckland (33-65)6).

Warner Pacific Line services Onehunga - Nukualofa - Vavau fortnightly, and Timaru - Nukualofa - Vavau monthly and Onehunga - Apia and Pago Pago every 21 days carrying general and freezer cargoes and Timaru - Apia every 21 days carrying freezer cargo.

Details from Air Marine Services (NZ) Ltd, PC Box 2505, Auckland (796-841).

NZ - COOK IS - NIUE - TAHITI Shipping Corporation of NZ Ltd operates cargo services based on pallets and similar units from Auckland to Niue, Cook Islands and Tahiti.

Details from the Shipping Corp of NZ Ltd, PC Box 3420, Auckland (797-210); Waterfront Commission, PC Box 61, Rarotonga, Lighterage and Stevedoring Go, Aitutaki, Niue Govt Offices, Niue Island Compagnie Maritime Polynesienne, B’P’ 368, Papeete.

UK/N. CONTINENT - TAHITI -

N. Caledonia - N. Hebrides

Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Hull, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp and Rotterdam to Papeete, Noumea and Vila.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); Ets A M Fare UTE, Papeete; Ets Ballande, Noumea, Burns Philp (NH) Ltd, Vila.

UK/N. CONTINENT - PNG - SOLOMONS Bank Line operates regular cargo service from Hull, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp and Rotterdam to Port Moresby, Lae, Madang, Kimbe, Rabaul, Kieta and Honiara and on inducement to Yandina, Tarawa and Nauru.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia) Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney (27-2041); Burns Philp (PNG) Ltd, PNG ports; Trading Co Honiara.

SAN FRANCISCO - HONOLULU -

Nauru- Micronesia

Nauru Pacific Line operates regular conventional/container service from San Francisco and Honolulu to Majuro, Nauru, Ponape, Truk and Saipan.

Details from Nauru Pacific Line, Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709); North American Maritime Agencies, 100 California Street, San Francisco, California 9411 (981 -0343).

US-FIJI-TAHITI-NZ- AUSTRALIA Bank and Savill Line Ltd, operates regular cargo services from!

US Gulf ports to Australia and NZ. 1 Calls at Suva, Lautoka and] Papeete on demand.

Details from Bank Line (A’asia)l Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney! (27-2041) or Howard Smith Indus-1 tries Pty Ltd, 1 York Street, Sydney! (27-5611).

US - A. SAMOA - NZ - AUST Farrell Lines LASH ships operate I regularly from US to Australia, vial Pago Pago and Auckland and| Canada.

Details from Wilh, Wilhelmsen] Agency Pty Ltd, 13 Bridge St., Syd-1 ney (2-0517); 60 Market Street,] Melbourne (61-0301); Farrell] Lines, 1 Market Plaza, San Francisco, L.A. (415-777-3300); Dalgety NZ Ltd, Auckland (7-1859);] Kneubuhl Maritime Services, Pago Pago (633-5121).

Us - Tahiti - Samoa

Pacific Islands Transport oper-j ates a five/six weekly cargo service from North America west coast ports to Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia.

Details from Trans-Austral Shipping Pty Ltd, 19 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2441). | Polynesia Line operates con-1 tainer and general cargo service from US west coast ports to Papeete and Pago Pago.

Details from Polynesia Shipping Services Inc,. PC Box 1478, Pago Pago (9-6799). 78

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Manama.

The South Seas Express.

The first regular roll-on roll-off express service between N. the Islands.

The introduction of Marama to the Islands trade will enable exporters to greatly increase their export potential by providing faster, more frequent sailings as well as the greater cargo handling flexibility which a roll-on roll-off service can provide Co-ordinated transhipment facilities from other N.Z. centres Intermodal coastal roll-on roll-off services as well as rail and road services can be utilised by shippers in other New Zealand centres to take advantage of the new Marama schedule. Your nearest Union Company office can assist you in organising the most efficient transhipment method.

International Transhipment Facilities Flexibility in cargo modules catered by this new service can provide for shipping operators and exporters the advantage of reaching international markets using onforwarding services through Union Company contacts and expertise.

Additionally Union can also arrange for cargoes originating from overseas sources to be transhipped at ports covered by Marama to their final destination to the benefit of the importer in New Zealand or the Islands. m.v. Marama Your new export incentive 6350 deadweight tonnes. u »*> rrr.: Capacity 340 seafreighter units or their equivalent, plus space for wheeled vehicles, livestock, etc.

Greater Flexibility Means a more satisfactory and versatile way to ship your consignment.

The following equipment is provided free to shippers Standard dry general cargo ISO containers 20' x 8' x B’6" box container 20' xB' x B'6'' Opensided container, Seafreighter Units For movement of general and bulk cargoes. (Internal) Length 13'9" (4.24 M) width 7'6"(2.29M) height 5' (1.52 M) N B. Units are fully collapsible and open topped to facilitate loading cargoes in excess of 1 52M height. A shower-proof cover is also provided free with every seafreighter Newsprint Flats These units are specifically designed for carriage of forest industry cargo but are also suitable for the carriage of other specified types of cargoes. (Internal) Length 15'6"(4.77M) Width 6' (1.830 M) W. Containers These containers are totally enclosed suitable for the movement of smaller consignments or valuable ones. (Internal) Length 5'7"(1.75M) Width 4’ (1.22 M) Height 5'6"(1.70M) Unit Loads This covers cargo that is unable to be containerised or is not covered by the term mobile equipment These unit loadings must be of a secure nature to facilitate handling by a forklift with 5" gluts (loading forks).

Refrigerated Cargo The following containers will be available Cold wrap containers 20' x 8' x 8' Integral containers 20' x 8' x B'6"

Livestock Livestock stalls are available for the carnage of all types of stock.

Wheeled Cargo The versatility of Marama means that all types of wheeled cargoes including cars, trucks, tractors scrapers, machinery on mobile tracks, cranes, trailers etc can.be catered for Hazardous Cargo The majority of hazardous cargoes will be accommodated on the vessels upper deck either in seafreighters. ISO containers or W. Containers. Full details are available on application j / union d / company M /j moving 79

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Classified Advertisements

Per Line $5.00 Aust. Minimum 4 tines. gig SIS

Yacht Equipment

Direct From

BRITAIN Send $l.OO for complete catalogue airmailed.

Thomas Foulkes (P) Lansdowne Road, London E. 11.

Frostpak.

HOLDS 48 CANS Portable Electronic Solid State Refrigerators For people on the move Ideal for Campers & Caravans Indispensable for Travellers and Holidaymakers A must forTruckdrivers Popular with Yachts.

Aircraft and Fishermen For Medical & Technical purposes & Food Samples Connects to 12V Battery Operates on 240 V with B; ■ Big cooling performance ■ No Gas - No Compressor ■ Large 33 Litre capacity ■ Unaffected by motion or level ■ No noise or vibration ■ Low Battery Drain ■ Low Weight -7 KG ■ Virtually Indestructable ■ 2 Year Guarantee From 5199.00 incl. Sales Tax r Cigarette Lighter ttery Charger Unifridge 337 Queensberry Street. North Melbourne 3051 Phone 328 3583 Telex 32571

Massey University

New Zealand

Certificate In The

Teaching Of A

SECOND

Language (English)

Teachers of the English language or teachers who use English as the language of instruction for other subjects, may enrol for this special course of study.

All tuition is by correspondence.

For details, write to: The Department of Modern Languages, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Peter Fisher

TRADING Pty Ltd 321 PITT St., SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 2000 Telephone: 261109 Cables: "FISHERION" SYDNEY

Exporters To The

Pacific Islands

Position Wanted

Pilot/Co-Pilot position Wanted, USA FAA ATP Australian DCA Comm & Instrument, LRUet Type 8000 Mrs TT, 6500 M E 7600 PIC Age 38.

Contact CYGAN, 127, St Mary’s, Alaska 99658.

Stay at Aggie Grey's the South Pacific's legendary hotel.

Situated right in the heart of Western Samoa. Enjoy Polynesian-styie friendliness and service, in cool surroundings, superb entertainment and food. Magnificent white sand beaches only a short drive away. Airconditioned rooms, swimming pool and full bar facilities.

Bookings through Union Steamship Company of N 2, Pan Am, Air New Zealand or direct to Aggie Grey's, Apia, Western Samoa.

Cables: AGGIES, APIA.

The Papua Hotel

Port Moresby

• Right in the business centre • A tradition for comfort and fine food • All rooms air conditioned • Restaurant • Bars • Banquet Hall Telephone 21 2622 Cables PAPTEL A. C. NEUMANN Manager WAIKIKI Vacation Apartments, 2 bedroom, clean, air-conditioned. near beach, bus, zoo. and entertainment.

For more Information write to:

Lealea Hale Hotel

2423 Cleghorn Street HONOLULU, HAWAII 96815 MARINE TRAINING

School For

WESTERN SAMOA A large quantity of equipment has arrived in Western Samoa for the new marine training school. The school is being built by Samoa Shipping Services Ltd, a joint Western Samoa-Columbus Shipping Line Company formed to operate and manage the vessel that Western Samoa will be contributing to the Pacific Forum Shipping Line.

So far 20 candidates have applied for entrance to the school although formal applications have not yet been called for.

The applicants will be interviewed in due course by representatives of Samoa Shipping Services and the Samoan Government.

The final plans and cost estimates for the school have been prepared by the Special Projects Development Corporation of Western Samoa and the plans are being forwarded to Hamburg for approval of the head office of the Columbus Line and the West German Government.

The seamanship training school will include three buildings providing full facilities for seamanship training and dormitory accommodation. It will be established on Upolu near Satapuala, where some of the old buildings that formed part of the old sea-plane base are being pulled down.

The school will enrol 24 students in each course. They will spend three months at the school on basic training and about nine months at sea before they become qualified seamen. Some of the trainees will be trained on a speciallyequipped vessel owned by the Columbus Line, 80

Pacific Islands Monthly - November, 1978

Casiotron timepieces.

Electronic technology that shines on your wrist.

Casiotron. The shining example of an incredibly functional, fully-automatic precision electronic timepiece at its technological best. A timepiece that stands apart from others m its quality. _ , Accuracy guaranteed to within —lO~ 15 seconds a month, and fully-automatic Time Date Calendar readouts, for starters. And performance second to none. All backed by Casio's 20 years of advanced digital electronics know-how.

The choice is yours. There are Casiotrons with a stopwatch function accurate to within 1 100 of a second plus alarm, and Casiotrons with 12- and 24-hour system changeover, And there's the super-slim Casiotron, only 6.omm thick, and a Lady Casiotron designed to compliment a woman's wrist. Or choose the Casiotron Calendar 200, the first digital timepiece m the world to offer a full calendar month display along with dual time function.

Casiotron. A shining example of precision time and sterling performance that sets a new standard in digital electronic timepieces CASIOTRON I|%V\ im (49CGS-248 Thickness 6.omm) —vvv*. j CAS*a c, ' CASIO aoAB-z CAS * Calendar 200 (4?GS>I2B) - - 15S#" 24 Hour Cinvertible (54QS-15B) v.

Lady Casiotron (26CGL-20L) Casio Computer Co., Ltd., Tokyo,.Japan. 81 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

V.O° t>oO ev> ce . op^ 10 "; c«' c pa o' \e^ s . ,^,P op co> e<C h e^' • - h\s'® _ a v\o^ \o \\ce< a*® a D\e9 ua\u oO \n io<® vice e c\® de*c \o c ' u Vl a t\d lout'-;: o 9 ® e ' c,e '° ~o»<' s ' s * Toae"" 6 ~e e V^a ^ ('"*■ w cW dM ? e W» C °'° U «rt\aP s ’ Aa\®^f’ • SC ° te \o° wxN ° S fJU 9 aC '"° O S-o“' n ' 9 a^ c N,o^’ S t • v -^rvc e

More than 500 pages in the big new 13th edition To: The Mail Order Bookshop—Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 76 Clarence Street, or G.P.O. Box 3408, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia 2001.

Attached is my payment of $A19.50 plus $A3.00 postage (or SUS 27 postage paid), for my copy of PACIFIC ISLANDS YEAR BOOK. name address postcode

ifs®.

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Music System 050 fliD PIONEER Pioneer products are available through; Australia: Pioneer Electronics Australia Pty. Ltd., 178-184 Boundary Road. Braeside, Victoria 3195, Tel: 90-9011, Sydney 93-0246, Brisbane 59-7457, Adelaide 433379, Perth 24-9899 Fiji Islands: Brijlal & Company, G.P.O. Box No. 362, Suva, Fiji Islands Tel: 22258 New Zealand: Fountain Marketing Ltd., Maidstone Street, Auckland, New Zealand Tel: 763-064 Norfolk Island: Burns Philp (Norfolk Island) Ltd., Norfolk Island, South Pacific New Hebrides: Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Ltd., Vila, New Hebrides Nauru Island: Jacob Enterprises, P.O. Box No. 4 Republic of Nauru Tahiti: Est. PERFECT, B.P. 594, Papeete, Tahiti Tel: 20 407 New Caledonia: Menard FreresVille, B.P. H 2 Cedex, Noumea, New Caledonia Tel: 27.52,22 American Samoa: Traspac Corporation, P.O. Box 1477, Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Tel: 633-5224 Rarotonga: South Seas International Ltd , P.O. Box 49, Rarotonga Cook Islands Tel: 2327 Papua New Guinea; Bali Merchants Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 6103 Boroko Tel 254887 85 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - NOVEMBER, 1978

Coleman. Gas Appliances: We've got what you need.

Coleman gas products. No matter which one you choose, you get the one feature that only Coleman offers our exclusive pressure regulator.

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Remember: Coleman equipment can come in handy in storms, 7 typhoons and powerJnsses too. mm The great outdoors is too good to miss. ill The Coleman Company, the. • Wicfvtil, Kansas

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One area wh X atsun sent 4 sft I ll| 1 s .

Have you ever had to slam on your brakes in a sudden emergency?

Like when a child ran out in front of you unexpectedly? Or when another car veered across your path without signalling? If so, you’re vividly aware of the importance of smooth, safe stopping to every journey you make.

Datsun’s aim in this area is single-minded and uncompromising—to equip you with brakes you can rely on in every situation. First, we choose materials with a high friction coefficient and put them through advanced technological processes to create brakes with minimal overheating and fading characteristics.

Then we conduct rigorous practical tests, using an extra wheel behind to give us full information on any variations in braking power. And we make whatever design changes are necessary to achieve light-pressure braking that’s smooth, quiet and effective. Over short distances and in any conditions.

The result is added comfort, easier operation and the assurance of greatly improved safety. To say nothing of quite remarkable brake durability.

Which helps put a stop to some of those expensive repair bills.

Tough tests: the Datsun way to total economy. ; £ MWlli DATSUN NISSAN Datsun Distributors: Boroko Motors Ltd. P.O. Box 1259, Boroko, Port Moresby, P.H.G./Suva Motors Ltd. G.P.O. Box 34, Suva, Fiji/Morris Hedstrom Ltd. P.O. Box 189, Apia, Western Samoa/Gnited Enterprises Ltd. P.O. Box 262, Honiara, British Solomon Islands/Sirius Motors P.O. Box 34, Horfolk Island, South Pacific/ Jacob Enterprises P.O. Box 4, Republic of Hauru/Cook Islands Motor Center Ltd. P.O. Box 74, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, South Pacific/Pentecost Pacific S.A. P.O. Box 119, Port Vila, Hew Hebrides/Agence Alma S.A B.P. A 3, Houmea Cedex, Hew Caledonia/TAHITIBGLL S.A.R.L. B.P. 359, Papeete, Tahiti/Gilbert Islands Government, Supply Division P.O. Box 71, Bairiki, Tarawa, Gilbert Islands