PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly July, 1951 tyol. XXI. No. 12.

Established 1930.

IRegistered at the G.P.0., Sydney, )or transmission by post as a newspaper ] APPARENTLY with the idea of impressing upon them what a volcano can do, the P-NG Administration recently flew a representative party of Rabaul residents to the Mount Lamington eruption area. Here some of them are shown with Mount Lamington in the! background. On their return to Rabaul, all were of the opinion that the sooner that volcano-encircled town was moved to a safer spot the happier they would be. - Ph o t o by c. H. Meen.

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Index to Advertisers Achun. Gabriel . . 45 “Akta-Vite” .... 46 Aladdin Industries . 80 Alois Akun & Co. . 78 Aluminium Union . 28 Amplion (A sia) . . 39 Angus & Robertson 21 Ardath Tobacco Co. 114 “Aspaxadrene” . . 23 “Aspro” 78 Balchin, W.. Ltd. . 39 Bank of NSW ... 50 Bell. Stanley P., <Sc Co 20 “Bellhaven” Guest House 99 Bergers Paints . 43 Berry’s Bay Boatyard 99 Bethell, Gwyn Co. . 53 Blaxland Rae Pty. . 97 Blundell Spence Co. 54 8.0.A.C 94 Borthwick’s Paint . 81 Bovril. Ltd 44 Brasso Polish ... 95 Bristol-Myers Co. . 47 Broomfields, Ltd. . 55 Brunton & Co. . . 22 Bunting, A. H., 30, 55 Burns Philp (NG) . 65 Burns Philp (NH) 112 Burns Philp (SS) . 44 Burns Philp Trust 32 Butterfly World Supply House . . 37 Caine’s Studios . . 79 Cantor, S. H. & Co. 2 Carpenter, W. R. & Co. Ltd., 72, cov. iv.

Central Pharmacy 114 Classified Advts. . 116 Colonial Meat Co. 52 Columbia Pictures Pty. Ltd 24 Colyer Watson (NG) Ltd., 34, 75, 108 Crammond Radio . 48 Crawford’s Hatchery 69 Crilley, R. J.. Ltd. 93 “Cystex” .... 100 Cunningham, R. H., Pty. Ltd. ... 102 Dangar, Gedye & M'alloch Ltd. . . 3 Davison Paints . . 67 “Dettol” 88 Donaghy & Sons . 81 Donald, A. 8.. Ltd. (Auckland) ... 67 Donald, A. 8., Ltd. (Rarotonga) ... 80 Douglass, W. C. . . 27 Dunlop Rubber Co. 21 Electrolux .... 72 Etablissements Donald Tahiti . 107 Sxcelsior Supply Co.

Pty. Ltd 45 Ford Sherington 29 French Chamber of Commerce ... 41 >arrett, Davidson & Matthey, Ltd. . 118 Garrick Hotel ... 99 341 bey, W. & A. . 20 Hllespie Bros. Ltd. 85 jillespie. Robert.

Pty., Ltd.. 1. 70. 91 jillespie, Robert, (NG) Ltd. ... 41 jordon’s Gin ... 53 >rand Pacific Hotel 4 >ough & Co.. E. J. 37 Gregory, A., Ltd. . 91 >rove, W. H., & Sons Ltd. . . 17, 51 lalvorsen Sons Ltd. 95 lay, K. H. D. . 83 leinz & Co.. Ltd. . ill lemingway & Robertson, Ltd. . 30 lolland Rusk . . 101 lorlicks Pty. Ltd. 66 lygeia Sanitary Co. 42 lyne Si Son Ltd. 117 lytest Axe & Tool Pty. Ltd. ... 105 sland Industries . 83 s 1 a n d s Service Bureau 89 Lennedy, Captain . 93 Kerr Bros 33 Kodak (A/asia) Pty.

Ltd 33 Kolynos, Inc. ... 15 Kopsen. W., & Co. 87 Lillis & Co. Ltd. . 68 Macintyre. Thomas, & Co.. Ltd. ... 90 Macquarie Chemical Laboratories 107 Mac Robertson Pty. 73 Mcllrath’s, Ltd. . . 22 “Mendaco” . . . 112 Millers. Ltd. (Fiji) 103 Mobile Industrial Equipment. Ltd. 110 Moderne Knitwear 115 Morris Hedstrom Ltd 12 Morris Hedstrom (Aust.) Pty., Ltd. 14 Mungo Scott Ltd. . 101 Nelson & Robertson 29 N. Guinea Memorial Scholarship ... 105 “Nixoderm” ... 85 Nordman, Oscar G. 46 NZ National Airways Corporation 84 O’Brien, Geo. ... 93 Oliver Corporation 18 Pabco Products . . 31 Pacific Is. Society 70 Pacific Islands Trading Co. ... 35 Pan American Airways Inc. ... 16 “Pinkettes” ... 73 P.I.M. Agents . . 117 P.I. Year Book 109 Qantas Airways, cov. ii.

Qld. Insurance Co. 26 Q u i r k’s Victory Light Co. . . . 56 Ransomes, Sims <fc Jefferies Ltd. . . 86 Reed. Wm„ E. . 104 Riverstone Meat Co. 76 Robinson, G. H., Ltd 42 Rohu, Sil 75 Savitz, B 87 Scott, J.. Pty., Ltd. 51 Seward. N. H.. Ltd. 108 Shell Co. of Aust. S 9 Simpson Bros. Pty. 34 Sims, A. G., Ltd. . 92 Southern Pacific Insurance Co. . 115 Spartan Paints 13 Spruso Co 20 Steamships Trading Co. Ltd. (Papua) 100 Stewarts & Lloyds 90 Sullivan, C., Ltd. . 38 Suva Motors Ltd. . 79 Swift & Horndale Pty.. Ltd. ... 74 Sydney Meat Preserving Co. (Ltd.) 19 Tallerman & Co. . 103 Tasman Empire Airways Ltd. ... 98 Taylor, Allen & Co. 49 Thornycroft, Ltd. . 96 Tilley Lamp Co. 49, 71 Tillock & Co.. Ltd. 82 T o n g a n Photos Bureau .... 43 Tooth & Co., Ltd. . 69 Trans Oceanic Airways .... cov. iii.

Tyneside Engineering Co., Ltd. . . 74 Undersee Novelties 25 United Island Traders Ltd. . . 71 Vacuum Oil Co. . . 40 Valiant Rum ... 77 Ventura Trading Co. Ltd. . . 25, 118 Vincent Chem. Co. 38 Walsh. A. D. . . 116 West. Harry, Pty., Ltd 96 “Where the Trade Winds Blow” 106 Williams’ Pills . . 102 Wills. W. D. & H. 0., Ltd 36 Yorkshire Insurance Co., Ltd. . . 77 3 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

■griMf ' B mSSm > % I - ♦ bP ■ S’ I i I # MB HI M' sso/ r ° u Sh ® s fliay , o/®f o/®,. eff ec ted aa Pacif t : IN THIS ISSUE: Editorials: The Meaning of Cease Fire in Korea :: £B,OOO for Port Moresby Native Landowners :: Official Misjudgment in Western Samoa :: Australians Have “Protection” but No Butter or Margarine 5-6 Fiji’s Coconut Oil—Raw Deal for Crushers 7 The New Minister’s Visit to Papua- New Guinea 7 PIM is 21 Years Old 7 New Status of American Pacific Territories 7 Internal Air Services for Fiji .. .. 7 The Increasing Cost of Copra Production 8 Cook Islands Jubilee —50 Years of NZ Administration 8 Bulolo Wages Agreement Reached 9 Lamington Erupts Again—but Harmlessly 9 Polynesians Barred in Australia and New Zealand 9 Electricity for the New Guinea Highlands 9 Battle of the Markham —Site for Bridge Challenged 10 Thieme Family Returns to Samoa by Yacht 10 Australia Takes Over Cocos Islands 11 South Pacific Commission —Research Council’s Third Meeting 13 Brief Notes from Tahiti 14 Another Politician for Territory Administratorship 17 Fiji Trade Shows Favourable Balance 17 Future of the Solomon Islands .... 17 Convicts Run Amok —Three Days of Terrorism in Samoa 18 TEAL’S New Polynesian Service Not for Some Months Yet 21 Election of Deputy Startles New Caledonia 23 Fiji Birthday Honours 23 Registration of Cars in Papua .... 25 New Civil Administration in American Samoa 27 Jack Hides Was Not on Pullen Patrol 27 The Month in Papua-New Guinea 29 Hanuabadans Cannot Balance Their Budgets—Anthropologist’s Concern 33 Kikori’s Cutch Industry Gets a Start 35 Bank Will Open Soon in Honiara .. 35 Pacific Islanders in New Zealand .. 37 Food Shortage in BSI —Copra Piles Up 39 The Outlook for Copra—Factors Which Influence The Pacific’s Staple Product 41 Niueans Visit American Samoa .... 43 Madang Newsletter 45 Romney Marsh Sheep in New Guinea 46 Honiara Prepared for a Big Bang— But it Did Not Come Off .... 47 Islands Get New Zealand Ships at Last 49 Fijian Cricketers for UK? 49 Memory of Von Luckner —Was His Treasure Hidden on Mopelia .... 50 News from Santo .. 51 Rabaul Roundabout 53 Five Times Round the World With the Yankee 57 Book Review: One More Paradise .. 58 Dampier Passed This Way 59 Murdoch of the Gilbert Islands .... 60 Tropicalities 61 Territories Talk-Talk 62 Stevenson Did Not Die of TB in Samoa 63 Fashion :: Children’s Section .... 64 Origin of Polynesians 67 King’s Birthday at Honiara 69 Putters-Back of Clocks —Reader Thinks all Old-Timers Should be Dumped ~ 70 Give That Reporter a Wide Berth —Reader Claims He was Misreported 73 New Suva Medical School 73 Norfolk Island Notes 75 Matua Calls at Niue After Five Months 77 Rice Shortage in BSI 78 Capt. Henry Has Seaman Trouble .. 79 BSI Polio Outbreak Over 79 More About the Kukukukus 83 Notes from the Goldfields 86 Qantas Mishap in Vila 88 New Ship to Replace Laurabada .. 90 Amphibious Airways Services in New Britain 90 Over 6,000 NG Highlanders Work on Coast 91 Plane and Shipping Services 93 Lae’s Government Sawmill Cannot Supply Demand 99 News Notes from Lae 101 18 Japs Finally Accept End of War 104 Japs Seek Return of Northern Islands 104 Danger of Short Supplies to Islands 104 Head Tax off in Nauru 105 New Samoan Democratic Party .. 105 The Pacific Islands Monthly and Its Readers 107 More Tales from Old New Guinea 112 North Borneo —Conditions in Britain’s New Crown Colony .. 114 Life in the Remote Fead Islands .. 117 Commercial, Markets, etc 118 OBITUARY: James Norman Hall, 9; Lady Scott, 11; Aiden Gooding, 15; Ratu George Tonganivalu, 22; A. K.

M. Edwards, 34; H. J. Berryman, 43; Ukinga Rau, 71; Miss E. Hansen, 74; C. S. Evennett, 75; E. V. O’Brien, 115.

ORGANISATIONS: New Guinea Women’s Club of Sydney, 13; New Guinea Ex- Servicemen’s Club, Sydney, 14; Polynesian Association, 69; New Guinea Memorial Scholarship Fund, 115; Pacific Island Society, 115.

INDUSTRIES: Copra, 7, 8. 41; Oil, 20, 50; Gold, 20, 51. 4 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY^

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas [Registered at the G.P.0., Sydney , for transmission by post as a newspaper ] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Australian Territory of Papua.

Frustee Territory (Australia) of New Guinea.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island. trustee Territory of Nauru (Aust., NZ and UK), tfew Zealand Territory of Cook Islands, few Zealand Territory of Niue Island.

Trustee Territory (NZ) of Western Samoa.

British Crown Colony of FIJI.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

French Colony of New Caledonia.

French Establishment of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Trustee Territory (USA) of Micronesia.

Owned ond Produced by Pocific Publications Pty. Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

Telephone: General Office and Advertising, BW 5037. BU 6082. 1.P.0. BOX 3408 leglstered Address for Telegrams, Radiograms, and Cables: ‘Tacpub,” Sydney.

CONTRIBUTIONS. rticles. Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands subjects are invited and will be paid for on publication.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES. n Australia, New Zealand, Fiji. Papua and New Guinea. Western Samoa, Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga, British Solomon Is.. Gilbert and Ellice Colony, Nauru. New Hebrides, and Norfolk Island 18 0 ew Caledonia (French) and French Oceania (Tahiti, etc.) £ 1 1 0 United Kingdom, British. Commonwealth, United States of America, US Pacific Territories, and Foreign Countries .. .. $3.50 £1 10 0 Editor and PnbUsher: R. W. ROBSON, F.R.G.S.

Assistant Editor: JUDY TUDOR.

General Office: Union House. 247 George Street, Sydney. Telephone: B\y 5037, BU 6082.

Business Manager: BELWYN HUGHES REPRESENTATIVE IN LONDON.

J. T. Wallis. Coronation House. 4 Lloyd’s Avenue, London, E.C.3, from whom may be obtained copies of Pacific Islands Monthly.

Pacific Is. Year Book, advertising schedules, etc AGENTS.

The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for Pacific Islands Monthly:— Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd. All branches.

W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd. All branches.

Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd. All branches.

Steamships Trading Co.. Papua. All branches Colyer Watson (NG) Ltd. All branches.

Mrs. Jean Fraser, Lae. New Guinea.

R. F. Smith. Rabaul, New Guinea.

A. H. Bunting Ltd.. Samarai. Papua.

Steele’s Central Store. Suva. FIJI.

Adams Pharmacies Ptv.. Lautoka. FIJI.

Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga. Cook Is.

United Island Traders Ltd., Rarotonga. Cook I* A. Vercoe, Apia, Western Samoa.

Oscar Nordman, Papeete. Tahiti Islands Branches and Representatives of W. H Grove <fe Sons. Ltd., Auckland. New Zealand Ed. Pentecost, Noumea. New Caledonia.

Societe Gubbay Kerr et Cie. Noumea, NC.

V. E. White, Brisbane, Qld. 01. XXI. No. 12.

JULY, 1 951 f 1/9 Per Copy.

Price ] Prepaid, pa.: 18/- Aust.

I In South Pacific.

The Meaning of “Cease Fire” in Korea VHEN the United Nations’ helicopter landed in Kaesong on July 8, it was surrounded by armed Reds. As our walked to the hall, to discuss )ase-fire and an armistice in Korea, they ere attended by armed Reds. Meantime. every radio station in Red China id Red Russia was announcing that we ad gone to Kaesong to sue for peace t that very moment, in Moscow, the Rusans were staging their biggest demonration yet of the quantity and Quality of leir air forces and saluting Red Joe talin as saviour of the world.

It is against that background that we' ust judge the value of the cease-fire i Iks in Korea. There may be an armiice and a conference; but, as a contriition to world peace, these things are lite useless.

All that has happened is that Russia doing all she can to gain time to preire for what she regards as the inevitable inflict between West and East, between uscovite Totalitarianism and European idividualism. With amazing speed, the nited States has prepared for war, and •agged the Western European Powers ith her into similar preparations. Within year, we have gained so much in military rength that we look towards the Iron irtain with some confidence. Above all, tnerica has built up a terrifying stock atomic bombs.

Our new strength, and especially our ;w bombs, have slightly dislocated Red ans. The Muscovite conspirators do not ar our armies; but they are worried >out our capacity to produce atomic mbs, and other very modern armaments, Russia can make atomic bombs; but ie has not our ability to produce bombs, anes and armaments generally in huge )lume. But she is very rapidly developg her industries for war production; and le believes that if only she can get time enough, she can meet us on something like equal terms. She wants her hands free until 1954, at least. Meanwhile, she weaken and embarrass us with the kind of bloodless but important strategic victories she has gained in Tibet and Persia.

With her limitless man-power, at least, "he can at any time overwhelm us, on land, with countless divisions. Her air forces are now perhaps comparable with ours. But in naval power, and in warmachines. especially atomic weapons, we have a big advantage. So Russia meets us, in cease-fire talks, in Korea; but that *s only because the huge power we have developed in Korea is causing the Red armies very serious losses in the kind of equipment which the Muscovites wish to conserve for the more serious' struggle later on.

It has been part of the Russian plan to involve the Westerners in embarrassing and wasteful campaigns in Korea. Indochina Malaya, Burma, Tibet, and probably Persia; but when the Westerners refuse the invitation to engage in a suicidal campaign against China, but simply stand in Korea and endlessly smash Red equipment, it is time for the plotters to change the plan, somewhat.

Korea fighting may cease: but the Cold War will go on. Russia hones that we may be lulled into a sense of false security; and, if we should slacken our preparations for defence, the doom of Western civilisation will be sealed. But if our present rate of re-arming is maintained, we shall at least be able to maintain our living standards and protect our most cherished institutions. And. if we attain sufficient strength and are resolute in our mimeses, we may yet avoid World War 111 altogether. But that is the only wav.

With the Reds fully armed, and the Democracies disarmed, as in 1947-49. Russia had a terrifying appearance. But. as we acquire the means to defend ourselves, the picture changes.

The Western Powers, armed, should have no fear of Russia and the hotchpotch of satellite nations she has gathered into the Red bloc. In a military sense, the Russians can be regarded with contempt. Judged on their prowess in war, they are not in the same street as the Western European peonies, and especially the Anglo-American Powers, the French ahd the Germans. The chief, and almost the onlv strength of Russia and China in war is their almost unlimited man-nower: and, more and more, modern war depends on genius in organisation and direction, and the production of machines. In this respect—once we are ready—we need not fear Russia, or any combination of Reds. £8,000 For Port Moresby Native Landowners!

IN June, the Papua-New Guinea Administration paid over no less than £8,025 to the Kila Kila and Korobosea natives, for 321 acres of land, which is to be included in the district of Boroko. a new suburb of Port Moresby.

In other words, the Administration paid the ridiculous price of £25 per acre for land in a muggy little valley tucked away in the hills at the back of Port Moresby, when it is obvious that the only suitable nlace for European settlement there is the cool and accessible country close to the sea.

The officials, of course, will retort that there is no accessible land available along the sea-front; but there would be plentv of space there if so much suitable land had not been wasted on police barracks labour compounds, and other Depart

mental brain-waves. Why reserve the choicest sea-front lands for native accommodation, while making plans to dump a European residential area back in the hot and unhealthy valleys?

Above all, who authorised the payment to these natives of £25 per acre? How was the price arrived at? The natives never occupied the land, never used it, and as waste-land it is worth about £2 per acre. The transaction is typical of the way this present Administration develops a frenzy for spending Australian money whenever anything involving native interests is under consideration.

It is a pity that there is no Legislative Council or similar body in this Territory, to which the Administration could be compelled to submit details of its annual expenditure. An examination of some of the expenditure on activities affecting natives—such as “compensation for war damage” and Mount Lamington relief— would give startling results, A pleasant time is had by all, so long as poor old over-taxed Australia continues to pay. But how much longer is Australia going to shovel out £5 or £6 million pounds per annum, to make a Socialist planners’ holiday in Papua-New Guinea?

Official Misjudgment In Western Samoa JUDGED from this distance, there seems to be something rather seriously wrong with the Western Samoan methods of enforcing law and order. In due course, no doubt, the circumstances surrounding the gaol-break of June 10 (see report elsewhere) will be investigated; but the inquiry should extend also to the state of mind of the higher authorities who tried to put an end to the gaolbreakers’ terrorism by making persuasive gestures and soft, cooing noises. r_. „„„ „ of .

Th6se were young native cnminals of Mhe most objectionable lime-hghtmg type.

To a degree, they are products Of that period of administrative weakness which was introduced by ttie .

Socialists in the early Thirties, and Whicn has been distinguished more by appeasement and compromise than by any insistence on discipline and orderliness.

In the past twenty years, a very bad type of arrogant, lazy and useless young Samoan has come into prominence— irresponsible, swaggering hoodlums who partake of the worst characteristics of both Europeans and Samoans. If they are not firmly dealt with, and soon, they are going to constitute a very serious social problem in Samoa.

The attempts by Samoan hoodlums to emulate the Wild West characters of their favourite films—the stealing of small ships in 1949 and 1950, the store thefts and plantation assaults, this terrorising of the countryside last month—are not going to be discouraged by the tactics followed, on June 10-12, by the Samoan authorities.

The efforts made, through Samoan leaders and the radio, to persuade these silly criminals to be good boys and go back to gaol, would be comic, if it were not for their social repercussion. What effect will such methods have upon the hundreds of young Samoans who already are on the verge of hooliganism? Will they also not dream of the day when they will have high official personages pleading with them to put away their guns and come ho^ e l .. , . ~ ~, Pernaps Samoan high officialdom did end the p terrorism quiet iy, and avoid a bit 0 j extra shooting. But at what cost! It bn „ maHp f b p nnlipp Innk nnrt bas given direct encouragement to the hoodlum element to emulate its heroes. .. hnat-stpalpr*? wifp-mnrdprprs and br °a k |r? ’ murderers ana There is nothing wrong with the Sa ™ an police . £ s | on as t g e gao h b reak occurred, they were courageously on the j ob . They should have been left on the j 0 b, and given all possible encouragement and help in hunting down—and, if necessary, shooting down—the armed gang of ruffians. The quartette, anti-social and completely useless human animals, were n bt entitled to any consideration or mercy, It was more important that the rest of the community should have been given an unforgettable demonstration of the fact that crime generally—and especially spectacular gaol-breaks and shooting of policemen—does not pay. Instead, the exploits of dashing “Dynamite Mac” and his comrades will be discussed and admired in many a fale on many long evenings to come.

Australians Have “Protection” But No Butter or Margarine IN this age of natter-and-do-nothing it cannot be said that we have not been warned about every possible calamity that could hit us. More words have been spilled in dire newspaper forebodings in the last five years than our grandfathers indulged in in half a century.

To see most of these predictions coming true would be of great academic interest to the student of human nature, were it not that the student of human nature, like everyone else, has got to eat and that it is becoming increasingly evident that eating in the pretty near future is going to be a number one problem.

One thing the student of human nature has learned, is that in a democracy the people cannot be led by newspaper articles; only economic pressure is likely to turn them from the easy path that they are determined to follow.

The food shortages of this Australian winter have been a shock to the Australian consumer but he is still not likely to do anything about it—for the present The reasons for the food shortages in a country traditionally a food producer are not far to seek.

The Primary one is that the economy of Australia is orientated to the wool industry. The sheep farmer finds it more profitable to grow wool than sell his stock for meat. He does not plant wheat and other grain because it is easier to run sheep. Wheat and other grain, being scarce and dear, makes the feeding of poultry, pigs and other live stock so expensive as to be uneconomic, Farmers who cannot get labour struggle a certain distance and then give up, following their former workers into the sfecondary industries where there is a 40 hour week and an assured income, The ’ consumer suddenly finds that he cannot buy milk or butter or meat or potatoes or onions. He does not do much about it. If he lives in the city—as over 50 per cent, of Australians do—indeed, he cannot do much. He sits down and puts the blame on “Them.”

There are, of course, many things that could be done but it is unlikely that they will be dope, There is, for example, the question of butter—virtually unobtainable in New South Wales at the present time. Much of the pressure on butter could be relieved if, some years back, this situation had been prepared for by the encouragement of the margarine industry.

The price of butter in Australia is fixed at 2/2 per pound. This does not pay for the cost of production so the Commonwealth Government subsidises it—cost of butter subsidy in 1950 amounted to about £l5 million.

Australians have been so educated to the superiority of butter over margarine that they will not buy the latter product if they can get butter at a comparable price. Therefore the selling price of margarine in Australia is about 1/10 per pound. This too, is probably unprofitable to the manufacturer and does not give him the margin of profit that would encourage him to manufacture more. So, at present, one cannot buy margarine either.

If butter were selling at its true price it probably would be something between 3 and 4/- per pound. The price of margarine could therefore rise substantially also, and still be competitive.

It could be competitive and it could relieve the demand on butter, but it will do neither while the Australian States cling to the archaic laws that restrict the manufacture of margarine in order to “protect the dairying industry.”

This law may have had some worth in the pre-war depression days. It has no merit now when the world market is starved for edible fats and Australia is so tied to its wool economy that its population is likely to join the other hungry millions of the world.

The manufacture of margarine is restricted in all Australian States and although the country has taken in hundreds of thousands of migrants with no antimargarine complexes in the last few years, there is no more margarine being manufactured now than prior to 1939.

Experts are agreed that margarine made from vegetable oils can be as good a food as butter. Experts are also agreed that Australia’s butter production, under existing conditions, will increasingly fail to meet demand.

It is unlikely, with the price of butter pegged and the margarine price tied to it that Australian manufacturers of margarine will throw themselves enthusiastically into the job of giving Australians enough to eat, even if restrictions were lifted.

But a solution could be found in the importation of margarine from Fiji during Australia’s lean butter months. This would also help balance Fiji’s adverse trade with the Commonwealth.

It is unlikely, however, that such a commonsense and revolutionary step will be taken. In Australia it is still believed that it is better to have no butter (or potatoes or onions) at a fixed price, than allow them to find their own price levels on an open market. And that it is better to protect the sacred short working week than to let outside competition force workers into a little more effort.

Australians have yet to learn that you cannot take more out of a pint pot than you put into it.

Gibbes Airways Pune In

Emergency Unding

RABAUL, June 29.

A GIBBES Airways Lockheed Lodestar, which left Rabaul on June 26 to carry a score of time-expired labourers to the mainland, made a forced landing on the seldom-used Jacquinot Bay airstrip, and was slightly damaged. The plane’s radio had cut out; the weather was threatening; the pilot could get no report from Lae; so he made this emergency landing. Mr. Gibbes later landed alongside the Lodestar in his Norseman plane, and reported that the strip was quite usable, and the Lodestar would go to Lae for repairs. 6 JULY, 1951 - PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Fiji’S Coconut Oil

Oil-Crushers Get the Same Raw Deal as Copra Producers THERE was an article in the May issue of the PIM, headed “Fiji Copra Being Milled in Fiji.” Herein, these sentences occurred;— “The Suva Mills receive copra at approximately the same price as is paid under the MOF contract—which is at least £5O per ton under world parity. If the products of the Suva mills are being sold on the world markets, the Suva millers obviously are enjoying a big advantage over millers in countries which pay more than £lOO ner ton for copra.”

It has been pointed out to us that this may give a totally wrong impression. The writer of the article apparently was thinking of the Fiji mill’s excellent new product, margarine. But little of this margarine goes outside Fiji; and the chief products of the mill are coconut and meal.

The prices paid by the British Ministry of Food for Fiji’s coconut oil and meal are directly related to the price paid by the MOF for Fiji copra. All the oil and meal produced in Fiji by local millers must go to the British Ministry of Food; and the MOF pays the millers a price based on the MOF copra price—which is about half world parity. (See article elsewhere in this issue.) The price received by the Fiji millers for their coconut oil is very much less than the nrice received for coconut oil, for example, by Ceylon. When Britain devalued her currency, and then proposed to continue to pay Ceylon under the MOF contract in the de-valued Sterling. Ceylon promptly refused to go on with the contract. As a result, Ceylon now is receiving in the world market £4O or £5O per ton more for her coconut oil than the Fiji millers are getting.

New Minister’s Visit To Papua-New Guinea THE Australian Minister for Territories, Mr. Paul Hasluck. accompanied bv the new Secretary of the Department tMr. Lambert) and nroHablv bv Mrs.

Hasluck, proposes to visit the main centres of Paoua-New Guinea in August. He will spend a fcfrtnight there, making a quick inspection of localities where some local knowledge is necessary; and he Wans to return to the Territories later, to spend another month on a more detailed inspection.

The Administrator, Colonel J. K. Murray, and Mrs. Murray, were the guests of the Australian Governor-General in Canberra during the Jubilee celebrations: and, during this time, the Minister and the Administrator discussed Territories affairs at a series of conferences.

Mr. Powles on Sick Leave From Oar Own Correspondent APIA, June 20.

THE High Commissioner of Western Samoa, Mr. R. G. Powles. will be away from the Territory for some weeks.

He is having medical treatment in Fiii and New Zealand. Until his return, Mr.

J. B. Wright. Secretary to the Samoan Government, is Acting High Commissioner.

To mark their 28th wedding anniversary, Mr. and Mrs. John Stubbs, of Norfolk Island, entertained a large party at the popular “Oceanside” guesthouse, NI., in June. .

PIM Is Now 21 Years Old World-wide Distribution THIS issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly completes the 21st Volume.

The journal was founded in August, 1930, and has been continuously published ever since.

In a special article on pao-e 107 the founder and editor of the FIM recalls some of the storms and vicissitudes of this interesting period; and thanks subscribers and advertisers for their kindness and co-operation during two decades.

When the PIM first was published, in August. 1930, and in the middle of the Depression, it was merely an idea in the mind of a newsoaner-man who had travelled extensively in the Islands. Today, the PTM. and its associated nublication, the Pacific Islands Year Book, are soundly established in public favour.

Most of the PlM’s subscribers are in the Pacific Islands, of course; but it has readers in many countries, and notablv in Australia. New Zealand and the United States. The Year Book goes to practically every country—manv to institutions behind the Iron Curtain.

The PIM originally was nubb'shed as a “broadsheet,” which was sold for 6/- ner annum. It was changed to its present ('maeazine) form in 1932. but it retained its subscrintion rate (fid per cony) for manv years, until constantlv rising costs forced it, step by step, up to the present price.

The now extraordinary nrice of paner has become the maior problem of publishers everywhere. In our case, the mner which cost us less than 3d ner pound in 1939. is now more than 1/fi per pound, and still rising. In addition, everv other item of cost —especially labour —has increased substantially, and is going higher.

New Form For Pim

ALL producers are raising their charges.

The publishers of this journal, helpless as they are in this vicious spiral of inflation, must do the same. However, we can postpone an increase in subscription and advertising rates, for the present, by taking other steps.

Commencing with the August issne of the PIM, the pages of the journal will be reduced in size, from Demv quarto to Crown quarto. This alteration will not make much difference in the appearance of the periodical Crown quarto is a common size for popular magazines—but it will allow us to effect certain economies in paper consumption and factory operation which will nartlv offset the increasing costs of production.

Wider Delivery By Air

AT present, the charge for the FIM is based on an annual subscription, for countries within the British postal system, of 18/-, delivery by surface mail.

New postal charges have just been indicated which will bring the postage on the PIM to not less than 2d per single copy, within Western Pacific territories, with a considerable addition for places further afield. This will compel us, sooner or later, to raise the annual rate.

Meanwhile, a steadily increasing proportion of our subscribers are paying, in addition to the annual rate, a supercharge of as much, or more, to provide for delivery by air. As the Pacific Islands air services grow, their operators are making it easier for publishers to give Islands residents an amenitv which all Islanders appreciate namely, quick delivery of newspapers and magazines. Before the war, shipping services were quick and frequent: but post-war conditions have created new handicaps for shipowners, and surface mail deliveries have suffered accordingly.

We hope to offer delivery by air (that is, delivery within a few days of publication) to readers in the Fiji-Samoa- Tonga-Cook Islands area very soon after the PIM appears in its new form, in August.

New Status Of

AMERICAN

Pacific Territories

WHEN, in February, we reported the arrival in Suva of 53 medical and dental students from the United States Trust Territory of Micronesia, to undergo training at the Central Medical School in Fiji, we referred to the American Trust Territory as being then under Civil Administration.

This was not so. The Trust Territory of Micronesia was not transferred to the Territories Office of the United States Department of the Interior until July 1, 1951.

With due and proper ceremony, that Territory, and the Territory of American Samoa, were handed over bv the Navy to the Department at the beginning of this month.

Incidentally, the Micron esian students from Guam, Carolines, Marshalls and Marianas are reported to have settled down happily at the Medical School in Suva, and are doing well.

Internal Air Services

FOR FIJI THE internal air services which Fiji has wanted for so lone: are to be provided bv Fiii Airwavs. newly established by Mr. Harold Gattv, MLC.

Through the several Trans-Pacific services which call at Nadi, and the Qantas, NZ National Airways and TEA services, which call at Nadi and Suva. Fiii is in very freauent air communication with New Zealand. Australia and North America. But the internal air services are poor.

It takes almost as long to get from Nadi to Suva as from Sydney to Nadi.

The Fiii Government, through a committee of leading citizens, has been trying to induce various air interests to undertake an internal service, based on Government subsidy; but, while manv were interested, none could bridge the gap between what the Government could pay, and what the onerators demanded.

Finally, a plan was submitted bv Mr.

Gattv, famous airman and business organiser, who has settled down in Fi.ii and become a member of the Legislative Council. Acceptance of his offer means that the local services can be run at a cost to Government of little more than is now represented by subsidising the Suva- Labasa service.

Fiii Airways will use the airfield at Nausori. ten miles from Suva. In August, a de Havilland Rapide will run. probablv three times a week, between Nausori and Nadi. A de Havilland Drover (a sturdy 3-engined, 8-seater craft, which can fly on any two engines) will be brought into use soon, when it is planned to give a three-times-weekly service between Suva and Labasa. If conditions warrant, services will be provided to Drasa (near Lautoka), Savu Savu (western end of Vanua Levu) and the big island of Taveuni . 7 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

South Pacific Planters Plan A

United Protest

Iniquity of the British MOF Contract AT the beginning of July, there was afoot an active move to organise a conference in Sydney between representatives of the New Guinea Planters’

Association, the Fiji Planters’ Union and the British Solomon Islands nlanters, to consider, and if thought desirable, to take action in relation to: fa) The price being paid to copra producers under the British Ministry of Food Contract; fb) The high and increasing price of copra sacks.

The MOF price of copra, which is in the neighbourhood of £5O per ton, has been for a year or more a source of increasing irritation to South Pacific copra producers.

The New Guinea and Fiji planters, while generally discontented, do not actually challenge the nine-years contract itself. They take the view that the contract was entered into bv both sides in good faith and, if the world price is now far in advance of the MOF contract price, that only means that the luck of the contract has been with the British Ministry of Pood. If the world price had fallen substantially in the same period, the luck ,of course, would have been with the growers.

The strong objection to the present arrangement lies in the fact that the British Government devalued Sterling by at least 30 per cent., in terms of world values, after the MOF contract was made, and continues to pay planters in this depreciated currency, although the world price of copra has been more than double the amount provided for in the MOF contract. In other words, the British Government, by sheer trickery, has for a year or more been robbing the South Pacific planters of about £3O per ton. Rearrangement of Sterling values should have been followed by a rearrangement of the MOF contract.

Strong representations have been made on this matter by both New Guinea and Fiji planters; but the Ministers and bureacrats concerned will not face up to the situation, and run away from questions.

The British Solomon Islands are in a different position. They insist that at no time did they accept the MOF contract, and that it was forced upon them by the BSI Government. They have been making inquiries lately concerning their legal position, and there may be some interesting developments.

Concerted action by the planters from the three Territories may be expected to produce results of a more tangible character than have been secured by isolated action over the past year.

Copra Sacks Position Serious

THE position in relation to copra sacks is serious, and is becoming worse.

There is a world wide shortage of jute, and copra bags are only one of several jute products which are in short supply. Copra bags, which a few years ago could be purchased for a few pence, -are now more than 6/- each, and increasing in cost. , Wherever possible, planters are meeting the situation by shipping copra in bulk — that is, using the bags only for transport to ship, and bringing them back empty for use again. But this system calls for organisation and co-operation as between producer and consumer, and few transportation concerns are in a position to co-operate. The Carpenter ships are among the few which take copra in bulk.

The shortage of bags could easily create a situation crippling to the copra industry, and the outlook is so blue that consultation among South Pacific copra producers is urgently needed.

All over the world, experts are examining fibres which they hope may be used as an alternative to jute, and something of the kind doubtless will be brought into use in a big way. But nothing appears at the moment to be in sight; and the change-over to the use of new material in any event will take time.

European Copra Market Recedes

BETWEEN April and mid-June the copra market in Europe showed an easier tendency, and prices steadily declined. The Bank of New Zealand’s Produce Circular, dated June 1, said that this fall in prices was due to freer offerings from Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. “Buyers have been reserved and have limited their purchases to immediate requirements,” says the circular.

The following prices were quoted in London early in June: — Straits—£97 Sterling per ton GIF Europe (a fall of £2l in two months).

Philippines—22o US Dollars GIF Europe (a fall of 65 dollars per ton in two months).

Quotations for coconut oil had similarly receded in April and May. Ceylon coconut oil was quoted at £155 per ton GIF, and Straits at £152.

Ng Planter Wants To Know

ON June 19, the PIM editor wrote as follows to the Australian Minister for Territories: — “Several times, in the past year, I have been asked by coconut planters in the Pacific Islands whether they are compelled to sell their copra to the various bodies which have made a contract with the British Ministry of Food. They want to know what is to prevent them from selling their copra to agencies which offer them the world price, which as you know is practically double the Ministry of Food’s contract price.

“For example, I have to-day received this letter from a well-known New Guinea planter: ‘Can you tell me if we planters are bound in some way to sell our copra to the Production Control Board? What would happen if I were to take a load of my copra in my schooner and sell it in Hollandia just over the New Guinea border in Dutch New Guinea? Why should I be compelled to sell my copra here at less than £5O per ton when, in non-British ports it can be sold for anything between £lOO and £l3O per ton.’

“I should be grateful if you would give me some information which would allow the Pacific Islands Monthly to reply to this question and to put an end to these frequent queries. No one to whom I have applied hitherto has been able to give me any definite information concerning the way in which copra producers in the Pacific Islands are bound by the terms and conditions of the contract made with the British Ministry of Food.”

On July 6, the Minister informed us that to ensure fulfilment of the obligations undertaken bv the Australian Government in its contract with the British Ministry of Pood in 1949, the Government works through the Production Control Board: “This Board is authorised to buy and sell copra on the Government’s behalf, and is the only authority in the Territory to whom export permits are given bv the Administrator who, under the Territory Customs Ordinance has. by proclamation, prohibited the export of any copra from the Territory except with his consent.”

New Guinea-Papua now produces about 70,000 tons of copra per annum. Approximately 25,000 tons of this is sold to Australian crushers, presumably for consumption in Australia, and 45,000 tons go to Britain under the MOF contract.

Jubilee Without

EXCITEMENT Cooks 50 Years of NZ Rule THE Cook Island formally became part of the Dominion of New Zealand on June 11, 1901.

The Golden Jubilee of NZ rule, which occurred last month, seems to have passed without any great excitement either within the Dominion or in the Cooks.

New Zealand has had her hands full dealing with striking seamen, miners and wharfies and the residents of the Cook Islands, at the time of the anniversary, had been isolated from their motherland for about five months. It was only after the anniversary was over that the Maui Pomare, manned by a volunteer crew, left Auckland to relieve the acute food shortages that had developed in the Group since the ship’s last call—in February this year.

In her 50 years of rule, New Zealand has done remarkably little to develop the Group. However, it is doubtful if any other nation would have done more. The Cook Islands have nothing particularly vauable to offer the world—no minerals, and a population that prefers to work for itself.

Its only commercial activity of note is the export of fruit to the Dominioncitrus fruit mainly, plus tomatoes, in the season when New Zealand growers cannot produce them, pineapples, etc. There is also a small amount of copra exported.

About 22,000 cases of bananas were exported in 1935 but in 1947 this trade had fallen off to only 18 cases.

There may be some revival of the fruit trade in the Cooks when the Union Steamships Co’s new vessel Tofua comes into service in a few months time. Since the war, any progress that the Group may have made has been virtually ham-strung by lack of shipping facilities.

The population has increased slowly— -10,000-odd in 1926 and a little over 14,000 in 1947. There are about 1,000 Cook Islanders living in New Zealand.

The New Zealand administration of the Cooks has been benevolent enough but uninspired. Possibly there was a lot that could have been done in developing the Cooks to take care of NZ’s tropical needs —if it had been necessary.

The Cook Islanders, a peaceful people normally, were caught up in post-war Nationalism, a few years back. Most of the trouble seemed to emanate from the Cook Island Progressive Association, suspected of having Communistic sympathies.

The troubles reached their head in 1948 when a plane load of armed New Zealand police arrived at Rarotonga and called the CIPA bluff. Since then Cook Islands nationalistic troubles appear to have diminished.

The Produce Circular of the Bank of NZ, of June 1. reports that Samoan cocoa was then selling in London at around 295/- per cwt. for No. 1 and 280/- for No. 2. 8 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Death Of James

Norman Hall

End of Tahiti’s Famous Literary Partnership THAT famous and distinguished American writer, James Norman Hall, died suddenly at his home in Tahiti on the night of July 5. He was about 60 years old.

The writing partnership of Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall made literary history. Their trilogy of the ’thirties, “Mutiny,” “Men Against the Sea,” and “Pitcairn’s Island,” won them top-rank recognition throughout the world, and substantial riches. The film based on their first book—in which Charles Laughton so memorably portrayed Captain Bligh—was an outstanding production of that decade. After that. Nordhoff and Hall, sometimes alone but generally as collaborators, wrote several books, and countless articles. They were first-class literary craftsmen, and much of their work will live.

The two young Americans became assorted when they went to World War I as aviators; and, as America was not then in the war, they joined the famous French Lafayette Squadron, and saw much service. After the war, seeking peace, beauty and freedom from care, they went together to Tahiti, married French Tahitian girls, and settled down there. For years before the Bounty trilogy brought fame and fortune, they earned a modest living as writers. Both were highly esteemed in Tahiti.

Nordhoff’s marriage was not a success; and in the late ’Thirties he left Tahiti and settled in California. He was in poor health, and he died there in 1947. Hall’s marriage, on the other hand, was very happy; and he and his wife retained their home outside of Papeete, where they were highly respected and greatly loved. Intimate friends liked to visit Norman Hall in his “beach bungalow”—a personal .den which he established a little distance from his big house, and where he could write and read at leisure. Papeete will miss this genial, friendly and unaffected American.

Mr. and Mrs. Hall had a small family.

A married daughter lives in Honolulu, and their only son, now a young man, has also lived there recently.

Bulolo Wages Agreement

DREDGES of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. are again operating full time, seven days a week, following an agreement between the management and employees over wages.

In April members of the European staff refused to work overtime—that is, more than a 40 hour week—until they received higher wages. The Company closed down two dredges and about 30 European employees were sent back to Australia.

Lamington Blows Off Again—But No Harm Done ON June 28, Vulcanologist Taylor issued a warning that Mount Lamington, in Northeast Papua, was showing such iveliness that another eruption seemed ikely. (The volcano exploded in January, md killed nearly 4,000 people.) The eruption took place during the ensuing weekend; but while exceedingly spectacular, it was not a disaster, and its effect did not extend beyond the region ormerly devastated. People in the dcinity had been moved to safety, and lone was hurt.

Polynesians Barred

Another Appeal To Australia And New Zealand ALTHGUGH years have passed since JTI the PIM first directed attention to the restrictions placed by the Governments of Australia and New Zealand upon travel by persons of Polynesian and done"^o^ y mnedv *** -k T „ 7o Ne ’ ; ?ecfors d o?th? Yet* fhev classifv Polvnesian Deonfe as' foreienpr<f rank re them with o/ Afrf?ans and do notTdmit freelv residents 101 aamit tnem Heely as possible especlaily^'is 1 r?dk;ulous by irf W her ai ovro Maoris New Zealand has inn nnn nes°an^ Yet if a NiSean or «aV r ra S e a e m rnts Wh t°o glan a d, Three or four vears a°Ti when thp An? tralian Immmratfon Minister raWli placed a bX upon all Polvnesfan people deluding Maoris°°he roar land could be hel?d all over” 1 thl south Sects Ml' Cfilwpll moved with celerity to give exemption to the Mao?fs But both Australia and New Zealand leave cal poUtteVsminess? Polynesians - The PIM has asain brought this matt-pr before the ?eTponsTte tralia and New Zealand. Australia is silent; but a senior New Zealand Minister writes to say that the matter is now before the NZ Prime Minister, who will discuss it with his Minister for Immigration.

Still With Pim

Electricity For The Ng

HIGHLANDS Prom Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY. June 30.

HYDRO-ELECTRIC installations are to be constructed at Goroka and Kainantu, in the Central Highlands ol New Guinea.

These will be small units to take care of local requirements, but will be capable of expansion as the demand increases.

This welcome move means all-electric homes for Europeans and improved workshop facilities. Likewise it will permit a big saving in the freight charges on lighting fuel which has to be flown in from the coast.

Mr. George Greathead. the District Commissioner at Goroka, has long been interested in getting hydro-electric installations and much credit for this decision should go to him. The constructing engineers are assured of every possible help from .the District Office.

Although’ no forecast can be made as to the completion date, an engineer is already working on the survey, and the Works and Housing Department is planning further surveys for hydro-electric schemes at Lae, Madang, Mt. Hagen, Wapenamanda and Kundiawa.

Port Moresby, of course, is to have the Rouna Hydro-Electric scheme, and tenders have already been called for much of the equipment. But even the optimists are not anticipating Rouna power for at least three years.

Hydro-Electricity Potential IN Australia, at the end of June, the Administrator, Colonel J. K.

Murray, painted a glowing picture of the future New Guinea would play in supplying Australia and other parts of the world with jute, and other fibres, tea, coffee, etc.

Colonel Murray said that what New Guinea needed was : • A guaranteed Australian market and equitable price for New Guinea products. • Development of New Guinea’s hydroelectric possibilities. Fifteen million kilowatts could be developed easily, and 100 million could be generated. • More men, money and “know how” for the tremendous work ahead. Special needs at present were shipping and tradesmen.

He urged more Australians to go to New Guinea.

This is the first time that Colonel Murray has appeared anxious for Europeans to develop the Territories. He has, to date, appeared more concerned about native development.

Meanwhile, the New Guinea Resources Prospecting Company has undertaken a survey in the Territory for the Commonwealth Government and the British Aluminium Company. The Government holds 51 per cent, of the shares in the Prospecting Co. and the BAG the remainder.

It is thought that hydro-electric plants at several places in the Territories, each generating about a quarter to half a million horse-power, could be developed before the completion of Australia’s Snowy River scheme. This would allow new industries to be established in the Territory where the power potential is practically limitless.

Hundreds of Pacific Inlands residents have written for the Pacific Islands Monthly since it was established 21 years ago; scores have acted as regional correspondents; but the only regular correspondent who has made the complete distance of 21 years is Mr. A. M. Gurau, MLA, pictured above. He has been Western Samoa correspondent of the PIM since 1930.

Mr. Gurau was born in Berlin in 1885, and when 21 he went to Russia and Poland as accountant for timber firms. In 1910 he was in South-west Africa as a native labour commissioner and English interpreter. In January, 1914, he went with the late G. Kronfeld to Samoa; and in Samoa he has been successively accountant, plantation overseer, commission agent and cocoa-planter. He has taken a keen interest in public affairs, has filled many positions, and, only this year, he contested and won a seat in the Legislative Assembly. In 1926, Mr. Gurau married Mrs. Elizabeth Ruland, daughter of a well-known Apia merchant, and most of their ten children now live in New Zealand. 9 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Battle Of The Markham, Ng

M. J. Leahy Strongly Challenges Official Selection of Site for Quarter-Million Developmental Bridge THE road made by the Army in 1944, to connect the goldmining towns of the Bulolo Valley, New Guinea, with the port of Lae, has been in general use ever since; but it has one serious disadvantage.

Between the mountains in which the Bulolo Valley is situated, and the coast on which Lae is built, there flows the large, rapid and ever-shifting Markham River.

The Markham River flows into the Huon Gulf about two miles south of Lae.

The Bulolo country is generally southward of the Markham. The Bulolo-Lae road comes out into the Markham about 50 miles from its mouth; and, as the Army roadbuilders could find no place suitable for crossing, they brought their road right down along the south bank of the river, to its mouth; and then they put on a vehicular ferry, which carries trucks and cars across the mouth of the Markham and along a mile of coast, right up to the southern side of Lae town.

The shifting Markham is constantly eroding its southern bank. Again and again, in the last five years, the road has fallen into the river, and stretches of new road have had to be built. The vehicular crossing is frequently menaced by river floodwaters, or storms in Huon Gulf.

OBVIOUSLY, the Markham has to be bridged. The Administration applied itself to the task, and sought the guidance of the Australian Department of Works and Housing (which, in New Guinea, takes the place of a Public Works Department). They, in their wisdom, decided to bridge the shifting treacherous river at Markham Point, about 25 miles from its mouth.

The decision has been challenged by many of the “old hands”; and especially by Mr. M. J. Leahy, one of the pioneers of this area of New Guinea, and now a considerable property-holder in the Zenag highlands (between the Markham and. the Bulolo Valley).

With all the resources at his command, and using an incisive pen, Mr. Leahy attacked the W&H plan; and, finally, his arguments reached the late Territories Minister, Mr. Spender. Mr. Leahy urged Kirklands, much higher up the river, as a more suitable bridge site than Markham Point.

Mr. Spender said the Commonwealth Director-General of Works, guided by expert technical advice, chose Markham Point, and his decision was concurred in by the Administrator. As that means nothing to a practical man, Mr. Spender set out the “considerations” which influenced the decision.

It should perhaps be interpolated here that Mr. Leahy’s big argument against the Point site is that if the river is bridged here the road becomes lost in the wilderness of swamps, hills and deep valleys south of the Markham; whereas if it is kept north of the river as long as possible, it will provide, not only the road to the Bulolo, but also the main highway to the Central Highlands. The natural route to the Highlands is up the Markham Valley (north side of river) to the Ramu Divide, and thence over the ranges into the headwaters of the Purari and Ramu Rivers.

HERE are Mr. Spender’s “considerations” in black type, and Mr. Leahy’s answers, in light type.

Mr. Spender wrote to Mr. Leahy in April, just before leaving for Washington; and Mr. Leahy’s reply has been sent to Mr. Hasluck, Mr. Spender’s successor:— The Markham Point site has been proved by boring and is known to be satisfactory.

No other site has been bored so far.

At this site the river is narrower, better defined and less liable to interruption to the road during flooding of the river than at the Kirkland site.

There has been dumped, and there is still being dumped, into the Markham River, ABOVE Markham Point, hundreds of truck loads of fill in the vain endeavour to stop the rapid erosion of the river banks along which the road runs. W&H have a deviation ready into which to divert the traffic when the river once again chops away the present road. A conservative estimate of deviations made and eroded away by the river (in this particular stretch of road ABOVE Markham Point) in the last four years would be five —and they are still trying to stop it!

The road at Kirklands would run AWAY from the river, NOT along it for a few miles, as at Markham Point. I cannot imagine why the river should be narrower near the coast than at Nadzab, 30 miles inland. It is running through a 200-inch annual rainfall area from Nadzab to Lae, more rivers and creeks flow into it. It is a braided stream from the Umi River, its headwaters, to the coast at Lae. A river usually flattens out and spreads near its mouth. (See next page)

Family Returns From Germany To Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, June 20.

ON Sunday morning, June 10, the 5-ton yacht Kalua arrived at Apia from Vavau, Tonga, after a stormy and difficult trip, during which it was delayed by engine trouble for two days, when outside Apia.

On board were, besides Captain Thomas five members of the well-known Thieme family, who had boarded the little vessel at Auckland and, in observance of shipping regulations, had had to sign on as crew. They were Dr. C. Thieme, a surgeon and heart specialist, and his German wife and six-year-old daughter; Mr. L. Thieme, construction and aeronautic engineer: and Mrs. Senning. The two Thieme brothers and Mrs. Senning are the children of Mrs. L. Thieme, of Apia. Their father, the late Dr. F. Thieme, who died in Samoa during World War I, practised in Apia for long years under the German regime, and he was widely known and greatly respected by Europeans and Samoans for his professional skill. Dr. Thieme has been offered a position at the Government Hospital at Apia and may shortly take up his work there.

The three children of Mrs. L. Thieme, of Apia, Western Samoa, and of her late husband, Dr.

Thieme, returned to Samoa recently after a long residence in Europe. They were sent to Germany to be educated, and remained there, and were caught up in all the troubles of World War II.

They plan now to make their permanent residence in the South Seas. Left to right, the group shows: Mr. F. F. Thieme; his sister, Mrs.

Senning; and, on the right, Dr. H. C. Thieme, his attractive German wife and their small daughter, Luise. 10 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

The estimated time for completion of the work at this site is approximately two years. It is estimated that completion of the work at Kirklands site would require approximately four years.

The reason for this must be a close W & H secret. I cannot see why there should be any difference.

The work can be carried out, using the existing camp accommodation at Lae.

The air base at Nadzab abounds in camp sites on concrete, and the Government sawmill is nearby. There are 30 miles of milling timber from Lae to Nadzab. The Agricultural Department has a farm at Erap. Permanent road camps will be needed on the road to Bulolo and the Highlands. In any event, this is a poor reason for influencing the choice of the site of a £250,000 bridge, which will have so much bearing on the future development of this country.

The Kirklands site would involve a great deal more work, both in approach road construction and in bridge work The approach road to the Markham Point site is through heavy timber and swamps which will require many hundreds, perhaps thousands, of tons to fill. There has never been a road to this site from the Lae side. The approach to Kirklands is flat, grass-covered gravel— a grader job only. On the south side the Army had a road. I personally drove on to Kirklands Pt. in a jeep over the Army road in 1944.

It is estimated that completion of the work at this site would require approximately four years and would involve twice the cost as compared with the Markham Point site.

I cannot imagine why. I do not think it can be true.

It would also involve a major project in the bridging of the Erap River.

The Erap Bridge would not be a necessity, as there are other possible bridge sites, below the Erap in the Nadzab area.

In any case, the Erap Bridge would serve the road to the Highlands. The Highlands road MUST go through Nadzab and Erap.

A road to the Highlands on the south side of the Markham is impossible.

It would involve 15 miles additional length of route to the Bulolo area.

This would be a flat and practically straight road. Although 15 miles longer, the trip from Lae to Bulolo via Kirklands would take less driving time, than through the endless bends and sharp pinches of the present road from Markham Point up.

It would involve a fraction of the maintenance required on the road from Markham Point and involve a fraction of the wear and tear on transport the present route entails. It is the only practicable route to move the Bulolo timber to the coast economically. These points can be confirmed by people who are in a position to know.

The road link necessary to join the Kirklands site with the existing road to Wau would be particularly tortuous owing to the nature of the country.

This statement is completely erroneous.

Prom my experience when I drove over it in 1944, it is not nearly so tortuous as the 12 miles of bends, and eight miles of bends, md all the other bends in between Markham Point and where the Kirklands road vould join up. Also, the Kirklands road vould be dead flat running, as against the t and 6 wheel drive, low ratio pinches on ;he present road.

The road from Lae to Nadzab is to be •etained, and there will therefore be no •eduction in the road service available. It s estimated that the cost of maintenance >f the Nadzab road to the Erap River torether with that of the route via Markham *oint would be appreciably less than that or the maintenance of the route via Kirklands to the same interconnection >oint.

This statement is rather ambiguous, but (Continued on page 111)

Australia Takes Over Cocos Islands

Clunies Ross Kingdom Means New Air Route, Greater Security, Phosphate Development IT was officially announced in June that the administrative control of the Cocos Islands (a group of over 20 atolls in the Indian Ocean, 1,100 nautical miles from Hedland, Western Australia, and 600 miles southwest of the southern tip of Java) has been transferred from the British Colonial office (which exercised control through Singapore) to Australia.

The Australian Department of Territories will now have responsibility for Papua-New Guinea, Nauru, Norfolk Island.

Northern Territory and Cocos Island. It is reported that an Administrator and a unit from the Australian Department of Civil Aviation will be sent to Cocos.

There are about 1,400 people in the Cocos Islands. They are described as a mixture of Malay, Zulu, Tamil and Chinese. As the atolls are overcrowded, facilities will be provided by the Australian Government to transfer about 1,200 Malays to North Borneo. The 200 who remain will acquire limited Australian citizenship, similar to that given New Guinea natives.

The move to bring Cocos under Australian control is, of course, the direct result of the nationalistic and Communist flare-up in Asia.

When Australian air-line communication with Europe was first developed, the airliners on the route could land, everywhere, in British or in friendly territory—Dutch East Indies, Singapore, India, Iraq, Egypt.

Italy, France. To-day, as a result of post-war political developments, there is danger along most of that line. None of it is really friendly. By taking the Indian Ocean-Africa route, many dangers can be avoided.

As long ago as 1938-39, the Australian air-navigator and pathfinder. Captain P.

G. Taylor (he who has just blazed a new air trail from Australia to South America, via Tahiti) urged the development of a new route from Australia via the islands of the Indian Ocean, and Africa, to Europe. With the assistance of the American millionaire Archbold, who brought out a big flying-boat to help him collect natural history specimens in the interior of New Guinea, Taylor made a preliminary survey of the Cocos, Chagos and Seychelles groups of islands, in the Indian Ocean.

The Pacific War came, and showed that Taylor was right. Asia could—and did, for a time—interrupt our air communications with Europe. When the Japs occupied Java, we were forced to take an alternative route. RAF engineers built a big air-strip on the largest of the Cocos Islands; but the route via the Indian Ocean archipelagoes and Africa, although practicable, was not surveyed and organised, and was not regularly used.

But now, with events pointing towards another war, with Indonesia in the hands of an anti-European mob, and India unfriendly, Australia is preparing the “Empire Reserve Air Mail Route”; and the Cocos Islands are a key to that. There are two or three routes which may be followed across the Indian Ocean, further west, towards Africa; but all must use Cocos.

Australia proposes immediately to spend a large sum on the development of the existing airstrip on Cocos.

THE Cocos Islands are the hereditary domain of the Clunies Ross family.

The first Clunies Ross settled there, with a few Malay servants, over 100 years ago, and established the kind of patriarchal community which has been found on many tropical islands, and inspired thousands of romantic books. The estate was passed on from father to son; Queen Victoria in 1886 granted to the then reigning Clunies Ross (George) a perpetual lease of the little archipelago; and the Australian Government has announced that it has no intention of interfering with the perpetual lease, or the Clunies Ross succession.

The present incumbent of the Cocos Island kingship is John Clunies Ross, who was born about 1929, and educated in England. A few years ago. he threatened the Pacific Islands Monthly with an action for libel, because the PIM rather incautiously printed a report, which had appeared in many British and American newspapers, casting a reflection upon the succession. The PIM explained the source of the rather silly story, and apologised for an inaccuracy, and that was the last of the matter.

The Clunies Ross family has been greatly enriched in recent times because in 1949, the Governments of Australia and New Zealand jointly paid a huge sum for the rights to certain islands in the Cocos area which carry large and valuable phosphate deposits. One of the early members of the Clunies Ross clan shrewdly appraised the value of the phosphate, long before it was generally recognised, and established rights to the islands.

The extension of Australian authority over the group doubtless will assist in developing the phosphate industry in that area.

Sudden Death

IN FIJI

Of Lady Scott

ONE of Fiji’s leading citizens, Sir Henry Milne Scott, KC, had only just returned from a business visit to United States and Europe when, on June 27, his wife, the well-known and greatly esteemed Lady Scott, died suddenly. She had suffered for some time from a heart ailment, but her death was quite unexpected.

Like her husband, Lady Scott was a member of an old Fiji family. Her father was the Rev. William Weir Lindsay who, long ago, was chairman of the Methodist Mission, at its Navuloa headquarters. He translated the Bible into Fijian, and Lady Scott similarly had an intimate knowledge of the Fijian tongue. The Fijian natives’ love of her was demonstrated at her funeral, when four of the leading chiefs of Fiji acted as her pall-bearers. Her coffin was wrapped in a large Fijian mat.

She married Henry Milne Scott in 1900; and, sharing his notable career, she won the respect and esteem of all of Fiji’s four large communities. She is survived by her husband, and by their one son, the Hon. H. Maurice Scott, DFC, MLC. Two daughters pre-deceased her. The death of one, Mrs. H, E. Snell, only a few months ago, came as a grave shock; and much sympathy is felt for Sir Henry Milne Scott in his double bereavement.

Mr. Dick Honson, son of a well-known family of Chinese merchants long settled in Fiji, has gained his degree of Bachelor of Arts, at Hongkong University. Dick was born in Fiji, given secondary education in Auckland, and in 1947 he went to Hongkong to study economics. 11 PACIFIC islands monthly-july. 1951

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COMMISSION Plans and Projects at Research Council’s Third Meeting Headquarters: Anse Vata, Noumea, New Caledonia THE Third Meeting of the Research Council of the South Pacific Commission was held from 17th to 25th June at Commission headquarters in Noumea. Seventeen specialists in the Commission’s three main fields of activity Df health, economic development and social development attended, mainly from territories in the South Pacific area. Mr.

EL Hayden (Director of Education in Fiji) was chairman.

The Council reviewed the work programme of the Commission and formuated recommendations for 1952. Those will be considered by the Commission at ts Eighth Session, in October.

Forty-three projects were reviewed in he three fields—9 in Health, 13 in Econonic Development and 21 in Social Development.

Health projects included those dealing vith tuberculosis, filariasis and elephannasis, and nutrition (including infant ceding).

Arrangements were also reviewed for he international conference of filariasis txperts, to be held in Tahiti next August mder Commission auspices.

The Council considered the programme )f the Commission’s tuberculosis team rtiich is continuing in Eastern Polynesia he work carried on last year in the terriories of Papua and New Guinea, New reland, New Caledonia and Tahiti.

The work of the Commission’s nutrition xpert, who is now in the New Hebrides, ontinuing research carried out last year a New Ireland, New Britain and the ’robriands, was similarly reviewed.

One of the main items discussed in ae economic field was the project on cash tops, or crops grown for commercial disosal. The Commission will secure the jrvices of experts to investigate the copra, acao, coffee and tea industries throughut the South Pacific.

Other projects considered in this field icluded fisheries, the subsistence of inigenous peoples and the control of ests, diseases and weeds in the region, xperts will be engaged to carry out these ivestigations.

In the field of social development the 2 projects considered included three on immunity development, located in Fiji, apua-New Guinea, and Netherlands New ruinea.

The Commission has approved the enagement of experts to investigate native ousing, and to find means for assisting >land peoples to play a more important art in commerce and industry in the rea.

A survey of the vocational training of Jands peoples was carried out last year >r the Commission by Mr. R. A. Derrick, f Fiji. In approving his report at its -st Session, the Commission strongly -ressed its importance to memberovernments, and agreed to the appointient of an expert to produce a detailed lan for setting up a central vocational aining institute in the Pacific.

During the meeting a provisional agenda as also considered for the Second South acific Conference, which will be held in oumea early in 1953.

The following attended the Research ouncil meeting:— HEALTH :. E. Massal.—Executive Officer for Health, Sbuth Pacific Commission.

Dr. J. M. Cruikshank. —Inspector-General, South Pacific Health Service and Director, Medical Services, Fiji.

Dr. T. R. A. Davis.—Chief Medical Officer, Cook Islands.

Dr. D. Jamieson (vice Dr. J. T. Gunther). — Tuberculosis Officer, Department of Public Health, Papua and New Guinea.

Dr. M. E. J. M. Heckenroth. —Major, Colonial Health Service, Colonial Hospital, Noumea.

New Caledonia.

Dr. J. C. van Hell.—Head of Government Mlalariplogicai Service, Netherlands New Guinea.

Economic Development

Dr. H. G. MacMillan.—Executive Officer for Economic Development, South Pacific Commission.

Dr. F. Bugnicourt.—Director, French Institute of Oceania, New Caledonia.

Dr. B. T. Dickson.—Chief of the Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra.

Mr. D. R. Eden. —General Manager, NZ Reparation Estates, Western Samoa.

Mr. B. E. V. Parham. —Acting Deputy Director Department of Agriculture. Fiji.

Mr. Homer Baker (vice Dean K. A. Ryerson).— Economist to the High Commissioner for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Social Development

Mr. H. E. Maude.—Executive Officer for Social Development, South Pacific Commission.

Dr. J. van Baal (vice Dr. J. V. de Bruyni.— Head of the Office of Native Affairs and of the Department of Education, Netherlands New Guinea.

M. M. Grangie.—Director of Education, New Caledonia.

Mr. W. C. Groves.—Director of Education, Papua and New Guinea.

Mr. H. Hayden.—Director of Education. Fiji, and Educational Adviser, Western Pacific High Commission.

OBSERVERS Health.—Dr. E. Hipsley: Medical Officer in Charge. Australian Institute of Anatomy, Canberra.

Economic Development.—Mr. D. T. Lattin: Senior Research Officer, Department of Territories, Canberra.

South Pacific Commission

Mr. John Ryan.—Acting Secretary-General.

Ng Women’S Club Of Sydney

THE New Guinea Women’s Club members met at Sydney Cenotaph at 3 p.m. on July 1. A short memorial service to those who lost their lives in the sinking of the Montevideo Maru was conducted by the Rev. C. F. Gribble.

The Annual General Meeting of the Club will be held on July 19 following morning tea in the Feminist Club Rooms, 77 King Street.

Toa Solent Damaged

TRANS Oceanic Airways’ Solent, Star of Papua, was badly holed forward when it collided with a small ship on Hamilton Rearch, Brisbane River, on the night of June 18.

The flying-boat was on a routine Port Moresby-Sydney flight. Captain P. G.

Taylor was the pilot.

The aircraft is now undergoing repairs but it is not expected that it will resume the New Guinea service until mid-August.

In the meantime, TOA are running Sandringham flying-boats from Sydney to Port Moresby.

PIM Advertisements Win a World Award ISLANDS residents who have noted the effective advertisements published by Robert Gillespie Pty., Ltd., of Sydney, on page 1 of the Pacific Islands Monthly will not be surprised to learn that these displays and especially the two-page “spread” in the issue of June, 1950 won the world contest conducted annually by the Coleman Company Inc. of Canada, for the best Coleman Lamp advertisements published outside the United States. Expert judges, after considering entries from 40 different countries, put the PIM displays at the top of the list.

Mr. Arthur A. Warner, F.0.A., Sydney advertising agent, was responsible for the design and layout of the series. Last year, Mr. Warner’s Coleman entries, from PIM, filled third place.

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New Guinea Ex-Servicemens Club of Sydney THE July meeting of the New Guinea Ex-Servicemen’s Club of Sydney was held at the Gallipoli Legion Club on July 9.

It has been decided to hold the annual ball on October 24 at the Sky Ballroom. 66 Phillip Street. Charges will be 17/6 per person, inclusive of supper and beer.

New members who have joined recently are Messrs. W. J. Knox, J. T. Kenny, and William English.

Mr. J. C. Mullaly has accepted the position of Senior Patron of the Club.

Mr. C. Gordon, managing director of Australian Fibres Ltd., Kokopo, New Britain, who recently was in New Caledonia on business, returned to the Territory in June.

Russia Can’t Win!

PASTOR J. B. CONLEY, of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission, who with Pastor G. Butler, is conducting an evangelistic campaign in Western Samoa, said at a large meeting in Apia on June 10, that the rise and fall of Empires had been accurately foretold by Bible prophets and that Russia would never succeed in conquering the world.

An interesting philosophy, of course, and one that presumably pre-supposes that those who rule the Empires do so on the old principle that the Lord helps those who help themselves.- MAG.

The people of Nikunau, a small island in the Southern Gilberts, recently raised £32 by purely voluntary effort for the help of orphans and widows in Europe. The Western Pacific High Commission has sent the money to the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.

Brief Notes From Tahiti Community Honours De Gaulle IN no uncertain manner, Tahiti celebrated De Gaulle’s Day—that famous occasion in June, 1940, when General de Gaulle, from London, called on all Frenchmen to keep on fighting, with the phrase, “France has lost a battle, but France has not lost the war.”

Proceedings began with a grand ball on June 16, wherein the citizens were led by Governor Petitbon and Mayor Poroi, and supported by the British and American communities. On June 17, most of the people took part in services at the Catholic and Protestant churches.

On Monday, the whole population lined the streets around the war memorial, and watched the leaders arrive to take part in a day-long series of ceremonies and speeches, to mark an occasion that most of us vividly recall —the time when we rallied to the support of De Gaulle and Fighting France.

The Governor (M. Petitbon) led the procession, and he was assisted by M.

Carrisey (head of the garrison) commandant Lamour (commanding Naval and Air forces in French Oceania). Senator Lassale-Sere, Monsieur J. Millaud, (President of the Assemblee Representative), Monsieur de Monlezun, (Attorney-General), Monsieur Maisonnat (Chef de Cabinet) and numerous officials, Naval and Military officers, and civilians.

M. Jean Breaud, a wealthy businessman and banker, of Paris, arrived recently to take charge of some of the public works undertaken by some of the interests he controls. It will take some years to complete what is to be done —sewers, hospital, wharves, roads. Technicians and engineers have arrived and commenced the task.

M. Breaud is well known here. Some years ago he bought the big plantation at Atimaono. once known as the Stuart Estate. He turned the plantation into a large cattle ranch and has also specialised in grapefruit production.

Mons. G. G. A. Sully has been appointed to succeed M. Daufresne as Secretary- General of French Oceania.

M. Charles Albert Leboucher has been awarded the rank of Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur. He was the first President of the Assemblee Representative of Papeete and has had 411 years of professional practice. He is greatly esteemed for his untiring service to the native population, as a homeopathy leader. He was bom in Tahiti 63 years ago.

Succeeding M. Le Maitre, who has gone to France on a well-deserved vacation before reporting for a new assignment, Monsieur Maurice Vienne, has already settled down as Director of the Banque De Llndo-Chine, and has made many friends.

When the steamer. Grey County, left Papeete on June 12, loaded to the waterline with Copra and Islands products, a passenger, leaving Tahiti for the first time, was Mr. Martial lorss—born in Tahiti, and was well-liked by the community, lorss, like many of the Euronesians of Samoa, was born of a German father, but became a good Frenchman, and loved Tahiti. This was evident when he embarked, laden to. his eyes with the traditional Heis (garlands of the tiare flowers). lorss is going to France to undergo an operation which we all hope will be successful. He is connected with the Department of Justice.

Miss Anatila Nordman. who has travelled widely since she left Tahiti two years ago, has radio’d from Honolulu to her father, Mr. Oscar Nordman. that she hopes to return home by the New Zealand yacht Golden Hind, towards the end of July. In Honolulu she has been staying

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at the home of her former schoolmate, Mrs. Nicholas Rutgers (who is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Norman Hall).

After 18 years of devoted activity and service to the Protestant Church, as President du Conseil Superieur des Eglises Tahitiennes, Pastor Charpier left Papeete by the Grey County, on a visit to his home in Switzerland, where he was born. Many attended his departure and all wished him a safe return.

In the night of June 13, Mr. John Farnham, a reputable American businessman of Papeete, was awakened by a noise in his room, and saw a leg sticking out from under his bed. He reached for his gun and pulled the trigger. A man named Dominique Guenet, crawled out, badly hurt.

Mr. Farnham was taken to the police station and interrogated. But it was held that he was in his right. He was in his own home, and the presence there of a stranger was not explained.

The two-masted Danish motor-ship, Olympia, owned and captained by Mr.

Harry Myborg, sailed into Papeete Harbour on June 11, after a strenuous voyage from Esbyerg, Denmark, via Ponta Delgrada, Christobal, and Panama. She is going to New Zealand for fishing purposes. The owner is accompanied by 11 men.

The French cruiser, Le Grandiere, which represented the French Navy in the fighting at Imchon, Korea, arrived in Papeete on June 6, from Saigon. She is in command of Capitaine de Fregate Huet; and his chief engineer is M. Palluel, formerly of the Dumont d’Urville, who has been here before. This naval party, before returning, will place a memorial plaque on the tomb of Allain Gerbault, the lone French navigator.

Death Or Aiden Gooding

A well-known Papeete man. Mr. Aiden Gooding, died after a short illness on May 5. at Makatea Island. He is survived by his wife and five children. He was born 45 years ago in Tahiti, and he was for long in the employ of the French Oceania section of the British Phosphate Commission.

He was in charge of the recruiting of labour from the Cook Islands.

Fine Gesture Marks a Happy Occasion In Western Samoa WHEN guests were entertained at the golden wedding celebrations of Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Smyth, in Apia, last October, they spontaneously contributed to a fund which, they said, would buy a silver plate or something to mark the happy occasion. The fund reached £l2O.

To this money Mr. and Mrs. Smyth themselves added £150; and with the amount thus provided they have purchased full equipment for a maternity ward for the General Hospital in Apia. The outfit is now on its way to Samoa.

People In The News In W. Samoa

Top left to lower right: Air Force visitors, Air Vice-Marshal D. V.

Carnegie, RNZAF, Group-Captain Fleming, RAAF, and Wing- Commander Trigance, RNZAF. Mr. and Mrs. Dick Curruthers, who returned to Apia after a holiday in NZ. Dr. Oechsli, of the USA Methodist Church, who has been paying a visit to Samoa. Mr. G- R. Powles (left), presents the Samoan Cup to Mr. Angus Macdonald whose horse won the race at King’s Birthday meeting. Filipo Viituala, who got IS months’ gaol for breaking into the home of Mr. T. Helg, of Apia, and who was overpowered by Mr. Helg. 15 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Another Politician

FOR

Territory Administratorship

THE Australian Government has selected Mr. P. J. S. Wise, leader of the Labour Party in the West Australian Parliament, and a former Premier, to be Administrator of the Northern Territory in succession to Mr. A. R. Driver, retired, and gone to a job in Italy.

As the Northern Territory now is under the Australian Department of Territories (responsible also for Papua-New Guinea, Nauru and Norfolk Island) the latter might have given some thought to the idea of appointing, to the post of Administrator of a Territory well within the tropics, some one of the many men in its service who have been trained and done well in the profession of tropical administration. But, apparently, the Menzies Government, like the Socialist Government, regards these Administratorships as gifts for politicians.

Although 80 per cent, of Australia’s innumerable members of Parliament are undistinguished Party hacks, Australian Governments generally seem convinced that a politician or ex-politician can fill any job within their gift. The result is that trained men frequently are ignored, while the inevitable politician appears in the highly-paid Australian Commissionerships, Administratorships, Consulships and Ambassadorships.

Mr. Richards, now Administrator of Nauru, was a Labour Party leader in South Australia. Mr. Wilson, Administrator in Norfolk Island, was a member of the Commonwealth Parliament who rendered political service to the Socialist Government. Colonel Murray, Administrator of Papua-New Guinea, was a Socialist selection. He was a Professor of Agriculture at Queensland University.

He was not a politician: and he had not had any experience in administering a tropical territory.

Mr. Wise was born in Queensland 54 years ago; went to the West as a young man to be an adviser in tropical agriculture; had a distinguished political career as Minister for Lands and Agriculture, Treasurer and Premier; and is regarded as a man of outstanding ability.

Fiji Trade Shows Favourable Balance FIJI trade figures for 1950 created a new record and were over £1 million greater than in 1949.

Total trade for the year was £14,772,501 (£13,834,843 in 1949); imports were nearly £7 million and exports nearly £8 million, with an excess of exports over imports of £851,257 (£147.111 in 1949).

In 1944 the value of imports was about £2 I million and exceeded exports by over half a million pounds.

In 1950, chief exports were sugar, 114,254 tons, valued at £37 million; copra, 10,158 tons valued at £554.401; coconut oil, 10,083 tons valued at £946,281: gold and silver valued at £1,429,107.

Over 80 per cent, of exports went to the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.

Future Of The Solomon

ISLANDS Prom a Special Correspondent HONIARA, June 25. rpHE rumour that Australia may take L over the British Solomon Islands has been the subject of a great deal of talk here—all unofficial and after-dinner.

No one here seems to know anything about its probability or otherwise at present.

Similarly, we know nothing of the reported decision to move the headquarters of the High Commission for the Western Pacific from Suva to Honiara. We are told, by sources which are not official— and not always reliable —that it is all fixed; but there is no official statement. Naturally, this is a matter of keen interest to everyone.

If either, or both of these things occur, this little town of Honiara will assume considerably greater importance.

Editorial Note: As was indicated in the last PIM, the report that Britain may hand over the Solomons to Australia is without confirmation. It is definite that the future of the Solomons, and the British side of the New Hebrides, were discussed at the highest official level in London and Paris in 1950; but there is no Indication of an agreement. Mr. Hasluck said, when taking over the Australian Territories Department in May, that he knew nothing whatever officially of the matter . . . It is understood that the transfer of the headquarters of the Western Pacific High Commission to Honiara has been decided on; but apparently there will be no further move for the present. 17 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Convicts Run Amok

Three Days of Terrorism in Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, June 20.

FOUR Samoan natives, all convicted criminals of evil character, broke out of Tafaigata gaol (six miles south of Apia) on June 10, possessed themselves of arms, roamed the countryside for three days, shot and gravely wounded a policeman, terrorised the citizens, and were finally rounded up and captured by the police after an excising chase. They were Luapo (usually called Mano) of Saleufi, who is serving five years for the theft of a motor-boat, last year, and who had broken gaol before. He was ringleader.

Fetuiai of Faleasiu, serving a lifesentence for wife-murder.

Mene of Vailima, serving seven years for rape.

Paulo Tuala of Leauvaa, serving 21 years for theft.

The escape was carefully planned. They got out of gaol at 8 a.m. on Friday, June 10, made straight for the house of the European gaoler, Mr. Bower, (who was absent at the time), broke in and took from a cupboard a .303 rifle, a .22 rifle and an automatic revolver, and much am- TOP: The thief and gaol-breaker Mago, in hospital in Apia, with a 303 bullet in the muscles of his left shoulder.

MIDDLE: The taxi-cab, showing the holes made by the bullets of the pursuing police.

Beside the car is Constable Tavita Fitisemanu who shot and arrested Mago.

LOWER: Sergeant Muliaga with Fetuiai, the only one of the four gaol-breakers who gave himself up. 18 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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(ESTABLISHED 18701 Parramatta Rd., Auburn, N.S.W. —P.O. Box 40, Auburn Phone: TJX 6611. Cable Address: “Meatwalk,” Sydney. munition Thev stole also some spirits Td supplieswVtonly shotkilled the eaoler’s two dairy cows and disap- {Sired into the bush Search parties, headed by police, were soon scouring the country. Somehow, one of the searching police was cornered by the convicts. They took from him his shot-gun and ammunition, and then debated, among themselves, whether they should kill him. They let him go.

A small police patrol, led by Sergeant F. Kruse, got into a clash with the convicts and Sergeant Kruse was shot at close range with a shotgun and suffered serious injuries to face and chest.

By this time the wildest reports were in circulation, and the district was terror-stricken.

On Saturday morning the Fautua, High Chiefs Tamasese and Malietoa. went out to Faleasiu and Leauvaa villages, where the families of two of the prisoners live, and tried to make contact with the men to persuade them to give themselves up.

Amongst other statements, the prisoners were reported to have made the threat that they would get hold of a motorcar and drive through Apia town, shooting and killing until they were killed themselves.

Late on Saturday, it was reported that the prisoners had sent a letter to Tofa Tomasi (Samoan member of the Legislative Assembly* who lives at Faleasiu, on the West Coast. This letter set out grievances which had allegedly caused the four prisoners to revolt. The letter requested that an answer be broadcast on Saturday evening over Apia Station 2AP, and seemed to indicate a willingness to surrender.

The Hon Tofa Tomasi, with the consent of the High Commissioner (Mr. G. R.

Powles) broadcast an appeal to the men to give themselves up, promising that any grievance would be investigated. He asked tne men to come to his house at Faleasiu on Sunday morning, at 7 a.m., so that he might accompany them to Apia Police Station.

TJOWEVER. when the Assembly man XX returned the same evening from Apia, after his broadcast, the four men were awaiting him at the roadside, near Faleula. They begged him to allow them to spend the night with their families, before surrendering themselves on Sunday morning at 9 a.m. They were still fully armed, and refused to surrender their weapons. The Hon. Tofa left them with the Leauvaa village authorities, expecting them to present themselves at Faleasiu at 9 a.m. on Sunday.

Instead, however, two of the convicts, Mano and Mene, went in to Apia by motor bus and in Apia, still fully armed, they engaged a taxi and forced the driver, at gunpoint, to drive them to Vailima, where the family of Mene lives. Defiantly and jeeringly, they drove past the Apia Police Station.

The Apia police at once took up the chase. On the convict’s return from Vailima, near Saleufi, home of Mano, the police caught up with the taxi. The taxi driver then wrestled with Mano, and took the gun away from him, and brought the taxi to a stop.

Mano jumped from the taxi, and was wounded in the shoulder by a shot fired by the police, who then arrested him and took him to the Apia Hospital. A shot fired by the police at the back of the taxi went right through the back and front seats, and narrowly missed the driver.

After that, Mene was arrested at Saleufi, where he had stayed with his family.

Paulo Tuala was arrested by a police party at Leauvaa, at his family’s fale.

Several shots were fired before he found it advisable to surrender tamely.

The only prisoner who abided by the agreement with the, Horn To a was the wife-murderer, Fetuiai of Faleasiu, who surrendered to Tofa and was brought to Apia police station at noon on Sunday. . npHUS, a dangerous incident ended with- X out loss of life. The situation, during the three days, caused a near panic amongst European women and children in Apia and on the cocoa plantations. A commendable feature of the activities was the co-operation between the Government authorities, particularly the police, and the Samoan leaders, who exerted all their influence to prevent more ugly aspects and bloodshed, Both Sergeant Kruse and Mano are recovering and out of danger. The trial of the escapees will take place when Sergeant Kruse can appear m Court.

“ Dynamite Mac Again!

J rpHE leader of the gaol escapees seems X to be none ether than our old friend, the pinheaded and bombastic Samoan thief. “Dynamite Mac Mago.”

This is the buffoon who, early in January, 1950, induced a couple of other Samoan hoodlums (who already had achieved notoriety by running away with Mr. A. G. Smyth’s little vessel, Wyben, and losing her in the Solomons) to accompany him in stealing O. F. Nelson and Co.s motor-vessel, Gaumatau. They sneaked out of Apia port at midnight; and “Dyna : mite Mac” decided they should sail forthwith to Tahiti, and spend their lives in luxury and romance.

After a month of wandering around— they did not know where—they came upon an island, which “Dynamite Mac” assured them was Tahiti. But they were actually in Eastern Samoa—only 160 miles from their starting-point. Although they had

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Certain aspects of this Samoan gaolbreak of June 10-12 are dealt with in an article on page 6.

Anti-Tb Work In Fiji

THE report for the first year’s activities of the War Memorial Anti-Tuberculosis Fund of Fiji was issued in Suva in mid-June.

The Fund is Fiji’s war memorial and an appeal for funds from all sections of the Fiji community in 1949, plus a Government grant of £20.000, established the Fund with over £82,000. Since then interest and donations have brought it up to £83,467.

During the first year, £8,388 was spent and orders placed for equipment not yet received total another £20,600.

Information supplied by Dr. J. M. Cruikshank, Fiji Director of Medical Services, shows that over 40,000 tests have been made for TB in a survey being carried out and as a result 9,000 inoculations of BCG vaccine were given.

From 1,500 X-Rays taken during a survey of three schools and several Government departments, 5 active cases were discovered and are being treated.

Two Land Rover vehicles have been provided from the Fund for the use in rural areas of the two AMP’s who have been trained in the technique of treating discharged patients, giving tests and BCG vaccinations.

The Trustees of the War Memorial Anti- Tuberculosis Fund are Sir Hugh Ragg (chairman), Dr. J. M. Cruikshank, Mr.

R. S. Kay, Mr. Vishnu Deo, MLC, and Joeli Ravai, MLC. The secretary and treasurer is Mr. W. E. Donovan.

A rifle club has been formed in Rabaul.

Members will use the Police Force rifle range and later, it is hoped to arrange matches between clubs now established at Kokopo and Kavieng (New Ireland).

Search For Oil

Goes On In Papua

Official Summary of the Position ONE of the most interesting questions concerning Papua-New Guinea is concerned with the future of the oil search there.

The search has been proceeding for nearly 20 years, except for the interruption of the Japanese invasion. In more recent times, operations have been concentrated in the hands of the great Anglo- American oil companies, and especially Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now facing grave dislocation in Persia) and Standard Vacuum Oil Co.; and 'these interests, amalgamated as Australasian Petroleum Co. Pty., Ltd., have spent already at least £6.000,000 on the search in Papua. So far, they have not found payable oil.

How long are these powerful companies prepared to continue the search? If they go on, and succeed, Papua-New Guinea will have a prosperous future, quite irrespective of Australian Government subsidies.

If, on the other hand, the oil companies tire of the unsuccessful search, and puli out of Papua, the present economic setup in Papua-New Guinea can continue only if (a) important new industries are established or (b) Australia is prepared indefinitely to spend five or six million pounds per annum on the Territories.

Recently, the General Manager and Chief Geologist of Australasian Petroleum Co. (Mr, L. A. Pym and Mr. N. A. Osborne) went to London for a conference with representatives of the big oil companies After their return, the APC, in a special statement on June 29, said the London discussion centred on “the progress of the Papuan exploration programme,” and continued:— The results of the wells drilled to date were discussed at length.

The Wana well was drilled to a final depth of 9,866 feet. Its objective had been to provide stratigraphic information, and it has proved a thick limestone with good reservoir characteristics. This limestone produced salt water at the rate of 18,000 barrels per day, together with a small amount of gas.

The seismic surveys have been energetically carried out in the vicinity of Wana; but, as yet, a site for a definite test has not been found; the work continues.

The personnel on this work was increased from one seismic party to two, last October, and it has been decided to increase it still further with the provision of a third party as soon as arrangements for it can be made. This will allow operations to extend over a greater area.

The two wells now drilling, Hohoro No. 2 and Omati No. 1, have not yet reached conclusive depths; and drilling continues.

Matua’s “Wonderful Cruise”

WHEN MV Matua returned to Auckland in mid-June after her first trip to the Islands in several months, her officers and crew said they had had a “wonderful cruise.”

No passengers were carried and the crew consisted of volunteers—former stewards, seamen, clerks and members of the Union Company’s shore establishment.

The ship carried 2,400 tons of urgentiyneeded foodstuffs and Island residents claimed that she was the best sight they had seen for months. 20 JULY, 19 51 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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SERVICE Will Not Commence For Few Months Yet PROBABLY, it will be close to the end of 1951 before the service with flyingboats, planned by Tasman Empire Airways, to run fortnightly between Sydney and Tahiti, via Auckland, Suva, Apia and Aitutaki, will be commenced.

The announcement made at the end of May by a spokesman for TEA, gave a wrong impression. He did not say that the service would commence very soon— only that a survey flight would be undertaken at once. That survey is now proceeding, and a flying-boat, staffed with experts, is now examining all possible landing places, and mooring, fuelling and accommodation facilities, in those parts of the Polynesian groups which are likely to be affected.

These widely-scattered archipelagoes— some of which consist entirely of atolls— provide flying-boat conditions very different from those encountered in the high islands of the Pacific.

Consequently TEA—which has a fine record of efficient and accident-free operation—is taking great care in planning the new service. "When it starts, it will keen going” said one high official. “It will not go off half-cock.”

Samoa Welcomes New Service

From Our Own Correspondent APIA. June 20.

WITH great satisfaction, we have received the announcement that Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd., following on recent test flights, have decided to include Western Samoa in a fortnightly air service to Tahiti. This new air-link with the outside world, and particularly with Australia, is of importance to Western Samoa, which so greatly depends on Australia for essential supplies. The new service will be used by passengers, airmails and freight and it will stimulate the extending trade relations between Western Samoa and Australia, Our only airlink with the outside world —the NZ National Airways fortnightly service from Suva (Fiji) via Tonga and Samoa has proved insufficient for the needs of the territories concerned, so that a fortnightly special plane had to be added to the regular fortnightly plane 21 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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The regular plane proceeds from Apia to Aitutaki and Rarotonga and returns from there to Apia and Suva. But even these planes at present can hardly cope with the increasing public demand for air passages, and the special plane may be taken off the service at any time.

The engagement has been announced of Miss Audrey Watt of Sydney, to Mr.

Keith Barton of Lautoka, Fiji.

Since the signing of the trade agreement between Australia and Indonesia, six months ago, the volume of trade has been almost double the estimated total. Australia’s main exports to Indonesia are wheat, flour and non-ferrous metals and Indonesia’s exports to Australia include rubber, coffee and petroleum. About 29 per cent, of Australia’s oil requirements come from Indonesia and this figure does not include oil imported from Singapore but originating in the Indies.

Death Of Fijian Leader

THE death occurred in Suva, Fiji, on June 17 of Ratu George Tonganivalu, QBE, an outstanding leader of his people.

Ratu George, under the name of George Brown, joined the Maori Battalion in the First World War and served in France.

After his return to Fiji, in 1919, he joined the Government service and was appointed Native Assistant Commissioner, Bua, in 1928; he became Roko Tui of the Province in 1936.

He was commissioned as a Captain in the Labour Battalion of the FMF in 1943 and went to Ba as Roko Tui in 1946. He was a Member of the Legislative Council from 1940, a member of the Fijian Affairs Board and in the 1949 New Year Honours was awarded the OBE.

He is survived by his widow, Adi Alisi, and four sons and one daughter.

His eldest son, William, is an Agricultural Assistant at Ba; David is a student at the Wanganui Collegiate School in New Zealand. Another son, Julian, has recently entered the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, and Joshua is attending a course of instruction at the Gatton Agricultural College, Queensland.

A holiday cottage is available in a Sydney seaside suburb for letting to Islands folk on leave. It will accommodate four and has a garage. We will forward inquiries to the owner. 22 JULY. 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Election Of Deputy

STARTLES

N. Caledonia Interests

THERE was dismay in European circles in New Caledonia at the end of June, when it became known that, as a result of the general election under the new electoral system, M. Gervolino, of Noumea, had lost his seat in the Chamber of Deputies. as representative of New Caledonia —having been defeated, bv a substantial majority, bv M. Maurice Le Normand.

The election apparently means that the black and brown residents of New Caledonia are likely in future to exercise more influence than in the past upon the administration.

Formerly, they had a voice only through the elected Council-General, or local Parliament, which advises the Governor, More recently, the common vote has been given to all New Caledonian residents, irrespective of race, who can sign their names; which means that the vote of the mission-trained village native has the same value as that of a leading European. The Chamber of Deputies, to which they elect a representative, directs rather than advises the Governor.

The new Deputy. M. Le Normand —he displaces M. Gervolino, who had held the seat for five years—is a dispensing chemist in Noumea, and is generally regarded as strongly pro-native. His wife is a full native—she was the adopted daughter of M. Calambre.

Under the new electoral law, both natives and Asiatics who can sign their names, got a vote. It is anticipated that, through their new Deputy, they will try to introduce into New Caledonia a system of taxation of incomes. This will be strongly resisted and resented by established interests, and by Europeans generally.

The new electoral system, which is estimated to have enfranchised 8.000 native men and women, was forced by Paris upon New Caledonia without the latter’s wishes being consulted. The natives and pronatives openly boast that, at the next local elections, they will take control of the Council-General.

Already, in some quarters, there is talk of a movement of secession from Prance.

Some European interests declare they would rather seek alliance with Australia or America than be ruled by certain elements which now dominate the natives.

Other sections argue that this drastic change is merely the swing of the pendulum. For a long time, New Caledonia has been ruled by monopolistic and selfish commercial interests, who have had little or no regard for the wellbeing of the Colony as a whole. Now, the antimonopolists are in control.

Fiji Birthday Honours

IN spite of bad weather, a large crowd of spectators gathered in Albert Park, Suva, on the morning of June 7 to see the King’s Birthday Trooping of the Colour ceremony.

In the afternoon, the Governor and Lady Freeston entertained 500 guests at a garden party at Government House.

Seven local residents received honours in the Birthday list.

They are: Dr. J. M. Cruikshank, OBE, Director of Medical Services, who was appointed a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St.

George.

Joeli Ravai, Roko Tui Tailevu, and Mr.

E. H. Griffiths, who retired recently as Manager and Attorney in Fiji of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., were appointed Officers of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.

Mr. S. H. Wilson, of Savu Savu, Rarikua Vera, Live Stock Officer of Labasa, and Mr. G. S. Barrack, Chief Accountant.

Western Pacific High Commission Office, Suva, were appointed Members of the same Order.

Mr. W. J. G. Holland, Acting Commissioner of Police, received the Colonial Police Medal.

The Governor awarded a Certificate of Honour to Joni Misikini, Fijian Magistrate at Lawaqa, Nadroga.

It is said that the coldest man in Auckland, NZ, on June 23 was Sofeni Fonotia, a Samoan carpenter who had just arrived in the PAA Clipper seeking work in the Dominion. He had boarded the aircraft in Fiji and wore only a thin cotton shirt and sulu. Those who tried to talk to him got only one sentence out of him :‘Tt’s cold.”

Miss Lila Hayes, who is a bacteriologist and has been senior research officer at Prince Henry Hospital. Sydney, for the past four years, was married to Mr. John Bertrand Smith, at Rose Bay Presbyterian Church on June 30. Miss Hayes is the daughter of Mr. W. R. Hayes of Fiji, and Mrs. Hayes of Sydney.

Eleven priests of the Society of St.

Columban have been appointed to Roman Catholic Missions in Fiji. Previously most priests in Fiji have belonged to the French Marist Order; of recent years, however, English speaking priests have been appointed. The new appointees are:— The Rev. Fathers Dennis Fitspatrick (Superior), Charles O’Mahony, John J.

Doyle, Martin Dobey, Gerald Hurley, Seamus O’Connor. John J. OLoughlin, Arthur Tierney, Patrick J. Kelly, Kevin F. Fleming and James Garigan.

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Love-Kerr Wedding

VILA had its most picturesque wedding for a long time when on June 9, Miss Billie Love, elder daughter of Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Love of Port Vila, was married to Mr. Richard Kerr, elder son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Kerr of Nimbin, NSW.

The 7 p.m. ceremony, conducted by the Rev. R. Murray of Tongoa, was held in the attractive Paton Memorial Chapel at Vila.

Mr. Kerr first came to the Group five years ago and managed a property on Emae Island, later transferring to a plantation on Tongoa.

The bride was given away by her father and attended by her cousin. Miss Patricia Kennedy, who had flown from Sydney for :he occasion, and Mile. Helene Briat, an old friend. Gillian, Miss Love’s young sister, was flower girl.

The groom was attended by his brother, Mr. Les Kerr, and Mr. George Chisholm.

Mrs. Kennedy, grandmother of the aride and now residing in Sydney, also nade a special trip jp to attend the ceremony and to relew old friendships n Vila.

Following the ceremony a reception was held in the home of the Assistant RC, Mr.

Blackwell and Mrs. Blackwell.

Registration of Cars in Papua From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, June 26.

THE new Papua and New Guinea Motor Traffic Ordinance comes into effect on August 1 of this year, and from then on all motor vehicles must be registered.

The new legislation also provides very wide control over motor traffic, and will end the happy-go-lucky era which has existed in Papua since the war, so far as road traffic has been concerned.

This lack of control has been exercising the minds of many responsible people in the Territory, and the Ordinance, although it imposes registration fees and other regulations, is welcomed.

In fact, insofar as Papua is concerned, it is one of the very few instances of where the general public has been anxious for institution of control. The situation in New Guinea is somewhat different, as registration and some control has been in force there under a New Guinea ordinance.

The bridal group shows (left to right): Mr. G.

Chisholm, groomsman; Mr. L. Kerr, bestman; the groom and his oride; bridesmaids, Miss Patricia Kennedy and Miss Helen Briat. The flower girl is Gillian Love. 25 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Well Known Personality Leaves Tonga MRS. F. F. MELHOSE, who has been resident agent at Fuamotu Airport, Tonga, for the New Zealand National Airways since the inception of their Regional Service in the Pacific, is now leaving this island for her home in New Zealand, and also to take up other duties with the airline.

It is with regret that we see Mrs. Melhose leaving, as she has been a very popular personality in Tonga. Many feasts and parties have been given by the Tongan people in her honour during the weeks prior to her departure.

Many were present at the airport on the day she left to say, “Goodbye and good luck.** Among those present were: HMB Agent and Consul and Mrs. Windrum, The Honourable Ulukalala and Tuna, Leafa, and many other notables from Nukualofa.

Mrs. Melhose built up a fine reputation for the service and meals provided for NAC passengers at Fuamotu Airport.

It is believed that Mr. Melhose, Aerodromes Maintenance Officer, for the New Zealand Ministry of Works, will also be leaving Tonga for further duties in New Zealand shortly—COLlN RITCHIE.

Staff of the airport, citizens of Nukualofa and friends at the airport to say good-bye to Mrs.

Melhose —shown standing in centre of centre row and wearing a dark frock. —Photo by Hettig. 26 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Old Papuan Official On A Matter of History Letter to the Editor IN your May number you published a eulogy on the late Dave Pullen. It was written by Mr. Middleton. The article is so full of inaccuracies that I cannot let his criticisms of Jack Hides pass without comment.

Both Dave and Jack were friends of mine. Dave did so little patrolling, and Hides so much successfully, that comparisons cannot be made. Hides was one of the best Patrol Officers; and, for his crossing from the Fly to the Kikori, he was recommended for the RGS Medal by the late Sir Hubert Murray. As Sir Hubert explained to the Secretary, in London, Staniforth-Smith got the medal for failing to cross from the Kikori to the Fly, so why should not Jack get the medal for succeeding?

As regards Hides being to blame for the deaths of the mountain carriers (not “on the Tafa,” but near Mavi) Dave Pullen alone was responsible—Jack Hides wasn’t even there!

The morning of the disaster, Jack, after advising against the handcuffing to the wire rope (I have the photo) at Mondo, left in the opposite direction, for the coast. I know all about the deaths, for I was sent up there to clean up the mess.

“De mortius nihil nisi bonum,” I know; but if Mr. Middleton wished to eulogise Pullen there was no need for him to say cruel things about Hides. Mr. Middleton would have been well-advised to have avoided the incident altogether.

I am. etc., Brisbane, 1/7/1951.

S. H. CHANCE.

New Era In American

SAMOA Changes Follow Advent of Civilian Governor AMERICAN SAMOA, under the direction of its first civilian governor, Mr. Phelps Phelps, is undergoing a transition to a civilian economy.

The Department of the Navy, which has administered this area since 1900 in connection with the Naval Station, turned over full responsibility for the government of the area to the Department of the Interior on July 1, 1951.

The Navy has transferred to the Civilian Government all of the land, buildings, equipment and supplies which might be of use either for governmental purposes or for commercial development. These properties, together with the natural deep water of Pago Pago Harbour, are expected to open a new era for American Samoa.

It is anticipated that an airline connection with Honolulu and another with the Fiji Islands and New Zealand will be in operation soon. Tafuna airfield can be made ready for plane service on short notice, and Pago Pago Harbour requires but a small amount of additional equipment to handle flying-boats.

Plans are under way for supplying fuel and limited ships’ stores to commercial ships and to planes. Petroleum products can be discharged from tankers and ships can be fueled alongside the oil dock.

The economy of bulk purchases and of direct fueling should be attractive to trans-Pacific shipping companies which will be able to reduce their fuel load and increase their payloads. Interested companies are invited to communicate with the Commerce and Industry Division regarding the quantities and types of petroleum products and stores which they might require, and the approximate dates.

Consideration is also being given to the establishment of a bonded warehouse area, which would enable trans-shipment cargo to be discharged alongside and held for distribution and shipment. A number of former Navy buildings can readily be altered to serve as warehouses, when the extent of the demand is indicated.

Governor Phelps recently set aside a building, located on the shores of beautiful Pago Pago Bay—and across the bay from the renowned Rainmaker Mountain —as a hotel for tourists and commercial representatives. The facilities will be expanded as required, until private enterprise takes over. It already has attracted tourists and business men from Australia, Niue Island, New Zealand and Rarotonga, Copra is the main export from the area. Production has been increased substantially because of the increase in the price paid to the producer, Laufala mats are being exported in increasing quantities. These mats are made of strands of the long laufala leaves woven double into such sizes as required, They also make attractive wall coverings, which are easily installed and decorated.

Persons or firms interested in this area have been invited to address their communications to the Commerce & Industry Division, Government of American Samoa, American Samoa. 27 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Headquarters To Replace

HIGATURU POPENDETTA is to be the new headquarters of the Northern Division of Papua, replacing the ill-fated station at Higaturu.

It has none of the scenic advantages of Higaturu, nor does it enjoy the fine highland climate which attracted so many people to the forest-covered ridge below Mount Lamington. But it is probably the only reasonable alternative as a headquarters.

Kokoda would be an expensive centre as the land route would be even longer than that to Higaturu. Moreover, it is not central for the division, and is illlocated as regards the density of population.

Popendetta, before the eruption, was a miniature hamlet with an agricultural officer and District Services Co-operatives official. This, with a trade store run by Buntings, comprised the sum total of the settlement.

Climate is often humid, it has a good crop of mosquitoes, and it is located on flat land.

But it still has some pleasant' features with some good timber stands, a pleasant little stream, and rich soil. Moreover, it is linked with Cape Killerton on the north coast by a reasonably good wartime army road, and freight charges to the new station will be quite a bit less than to Higaturu.

It is probable that the Popendetta airstrip will be brought up to Douglas standard since it took plenty of these planes in the emergency weeks after the eruption.

Popendetta is about eight miles in a direct line from Mount Lamington and beyond what is considered to be the limit of blast danger.

It is unlikely, however, that there will be any elbowing among Government officials for appointment to Popendetta as there was in the case of Higaturu. But at least it is safe, and after Lamington that is an important consideration.

Red Cross Centre

AFTER interminable building delays, the new Red Cross headquarters structure has been completed and officially opened at Port Moresby.

On June 22, the hall was officially opened by the Deputy Administrator, Mr.

Justice Phillips, at a Red Cross ball. The great event was marked by a special visit to the Territory of the Australian Red Cross Chairman, Sir John Newman- Morris, and the Secretary-General, Capt.

A. Brown.

There is only one thing wrong about this very handsome building, and that is that it blocks yet another strip of rapidlydiminishing sea frontage to Ela Beach.

With another slice being taken up shortly by a Bowling Club building, Port Moresby folk will soon have to crawl under the foundations of public and semi-public edifices to get a glimpse of the open sea.

However, the Red Cross building is now an accomplished fact, and is quite attractive. It will also be useful, as the town badly needs a public hall for social functions. Until now the only hall has been the RSL Clubroom, and with the town’s increasing growth another hall was essential.

The Arts Council is tagging along, too, reconstructing and redecorating the Library Institute building, but the inevitable timber supply problem is retarding completion of the job.

The new Red Cross building has a central hall capable of seating three or four hundred people, a stage, wide verandas, and offices and workrooms for the Red Cross organisation.

Already the Pre-School organisation has transferred from the RSL quarters, and the youngsters have an ideal place in 29 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Kelanoa Still Stuck Fast

11HE Production Control Board’s 300-ton ship, Kelanoa, is still hard on coral off a New Ireland beach, with the sea washing through the engine room and pessimists forecasting that she will break up in the first storm.

Meanwhile, the experts are arguing as to whether salvage of the ship should be attempted, or if it would be wiser to make the best of a bad job and offer the impaled craft where she lies.

Afloat she is worth about £25,000; on the rocks around the same number of pennies since the sea can strip it down to matchwood any time it decides to turn up rough.

Not very much has been heard about the preliminary inquiry into the stranding, but probably something will be made public eventually.

Many would like to know how a ship went head on to a beach and got herself perched on a couple of niggerheads.

Duty On Disposals Goods

DISPOSALS goods from the Islands are going to cost buyers more after the end of this year, for the Commonwealth Government is terminating the duty-free concession on Decomber 31, 1951.

Materials going from the Territory to Australia will then be assessed at the standard tariff rates.

There may be quite a bit of revenue in this for the Commonwealth.

Most of the cream has long since been skimmed off the disposals business, but there is some solid money in it yet for anyone with persistence and resourcefulness in salvaging stuff which at first glance may not seem marketable.

Then, too, private individuals working for themselves and not to a time sheet can afford to put labour into salvaging.

A lot of useful stuff may yet come out of the Islands.

Kukukuku Patrol

MORE uncontrolled tribes have been contacted in the general region of the Kukukuku country by a patrol which started from Mumeng, moved up the Banir River and across to the new District Services outpost at Menyama.

Patrol Officer J. P. Sinclair had a few anxious moments among suspicious and well-armed natives, but got through without actual trouble. He found that many of the tribes are antagonistic to one another, and a lot of uneasy truces exist among them.

These people fight with bows and arrows and stone clubs, and, in appearance, are short, stocky and not at all handsome. They wear grass skirts tapered to a point just above their knees, and 30 JULY, 1951-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Despite the generally unfriendly attitude to the patrol, several natives assisted the party by acting as guides, and several volunteered to return to the station with the patrol.

They are now at Mumeng and will be very useful ambassadors on the next trip.

Pir Recruits

CIMALL groups of recruits from all over 3 the Territory are now in training at the Pacific Islands Regiment 3amp near Port Moresby.

The OC of the unit, Major W. R.

Shields, considers that he will have a full company of 120 native troops. Recruiting, which at first was very slow, has imaroved, and batches of volunteers are doming in from points as widely scattered is Wewak and Kerema.

The P.I.R. is a full time Regular Army mit which eventually will have detachnents stationed at several centres in the Ferritory.

Vew Public Servants For P-Ng

a NOTHER crop of optimists will be /V arriving in the Territory within the next few weeks as members of the Papua and New Guinea Public Service.

Mr. E. A. F. Head, the Public Service Commissioner, has just had a spell in Australia picking the winners in Govern nent offices by interviewing applicants or Territory jobs.

This caused the Public Service Association to prick up its ears and ask where he newcomers were going to live, and vhat about the public servants already >n the waiting list for houses.

But Mr. Head reassured the Associa- ,ion that no married quarters would be illocated to the newly recruited staff who vould have to accept mess accommoda- ,ion, at least in the first instance.

At this rate it will need half a dozen hiploads of imported prefabricated louses to whittle down the waiting list or married quarters.

Hanuabadans Tax Themselves

rHE “Civic Fathers” of Hanuabada Village, elected late last year under the 1949 Village Councils Ordinance, lave imposed a local tax.

Every man in the village over 17 years »ld must now pay £2 a year, unless he can >rove unavoidable hardship or impecuni- >us old age. The women, however, have he option of paying a 10/- tax, and thus icquiring the right to vote at village ;ouncil elections.

There is a very interesting angle on his women’s tax roll for all those with hree or more children, their own or idopted youngsters, are automatically exempt from tax but are eligible to vote.

The £1,400 revenue from taxes, plus mall amounts from cemetery fees and a ax for registration of village dogs, will >e spent on road and hygiene maintenmce, wages for village constables, paynent of a librarian at the Hanuabada Social Club, and capital expenditure on i workshop where the men can make heir own furniture.

At their meetings the Council members how quite a good knowledge of procedure, and apparently they have accepted he principle of municipal taxes for the naintenance of essential services.

This is a very healthy move, for the lanuabada people have previously shown i persistent and highly successful faculty or getting everything for nothing,, and hey have rarely missed a hand-out for ack of asking.

Over at Rabaul the Reimber Council las done much the same thing on village taxes, except that they have set the rates just about double those of Hanuabada. Their budget includes provision for payment of a native teacher’s salary, expenditure on the digging of new wells for the village water supply, and salaries for two cocoa inspectors and two forrestry assistants as well as other Council employees.

More Prefabs

A SECOND shipment of Hawkesley prefabricated aluminium houses arrived at Port Moresby early in June, making a total of 120 now in the Territory.

This completes the Hawkesley orders but the Administration will call tenders for another lot of 200 prefabricated homes, It is expected that several overseas firms will be interested in quoting on this lot.

The Boroko Extension has already assumed the look of a very new and very raw suburb with 10 Hawkesley houses occupied and about 20 more in the process of completion.

By the time all the building operations are finished it will be quite a good residential area, but there are plenty of people in Port Moresby who would much prefer to have seen the town extended 31 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH LY JULY, 1951

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To assist you in planning this practical safeguard for your beneficiaries, a most interesting booklet, “Hands That Never Leave The Wheel,” is available. A complimentary copy can be obtained from any branch of Burns Philp (South Sea) Company, Burns Philp (New Guinea) Limited, Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Limited, or direct from the head office of this company.

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Also Registered Offices at Melbourne, Brisbane, Port Moresby {Papua), and Vila {New Hebrides) . along the coast, east of the business sec- j tion rather than inland.

Anyway, the sea view is nice for the Kila Kila labour compound, the police : barracks and other Government Departments straggling over the hills.

Planting Co. Representative

ONE of the largest plantation agency firms in the world, Francis .Peek & Co., has a representative, Mr. J.

Lincoln, visiting the Territory. He arrived early in June, and then spent some time in the Central Highlands before going on to Rabaul.

Towards the end of his six weeks’ stay he will be looking over the rubber areas of Papua.

Mr. Lincoln’s firm has extensive connections in Indonesia and Malaya. With all the difficulties bedeviling property owners in these two countries, some people are wondering if Mr. Lincolns visit has anything to do with extension of Peek interests to Papua and New Guinea.

DOCUMENTARIES A SERIES of documentary films on native welfare and development have just been made in the Territory for the Information Section of the Commonwealth Department of the Interior. These have been filmed by Cinesound Newsreel photographer, Mr. R. Horner.

One will show how Native Medical and Hygiene Assistants are trained; another will depict the work of the Anti-Tuberculosis medical team; and a third will feature a District Services patrol in the Goilala District.

These and similar subjects make very good films for overseas audiences, but it might be an idea one day for the Commonwealth to do a really factual documentary on the very good job of work being done by Australians in the Territory.

There are advantages and disadvantages about making a career in the Islands, but the men who put in years of service, either on Government staffs or as private individuals, contribute a whole lot to the improvement of conditions and general progress of the native people.

They seldom get much credit, and it is time that their contribution to Territory progress got some recognition.

It is an old saying that coming events caste their shadow before them. Two Native Land Commissioners are to be appointed to the Papua and New Guinea Public Service, and Dame Rumour has it that this is the first step towards ownership registration of native land. The Chief Native Lands Commissioner is to get £1,744 a year, and the runner-up £1,496.

Public Servants who have had a lot of experience in untangling native land ownership forecast that these two new dignitaries are going to earn their money when they get their wavelengths tuned to the clamour of disputing native land claimants.

Payday For Pngvr

IN July CMP members of the Papua and] New Guinea Volunteer Rifles received! their first half yearly pay, and those; who enlisted at Port Moresby in March] collected about £lO each.

The pay-roll for all CMP members was; nearly £l,OOO. and it will be much bigger* when the next pay parade is held some; time around Christmas.

At the end of June enlistments at Porte Moresby, Rabaul, Lae and Wau totalled] 191, and the CO, Colonel Maddem, is? about to start a new recruiting drive im (Continued on Page 89) 32 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Hanuabadans Can’t Balance Their Household Budgets Anthropologist Worried About Their Economic Position From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, June 28.

DR. CYRIL BELSHAW, who is doing research work at Hanuabada village, near Port Moresby, painted a very gloomy picture of native economic standards in the village at a lecture before the Papua and New Guinea Scientific Society recently.

He worked it out that the per capita income of family groups surveyed was only £3/5/- a month, but he did not specify how many sisters, aunts, uncles, cousins, brothers and other tag ends of relatives were horning in on the income of the actual workers.

A similar calculation for an Australian family would be probably even less if all the near and distant relatives came in and took a slice out of the wage earner’s pay packet.

Dr. Belshaw was also grieved at their diet—bread, some butter, and other store goods—but again did not mention how many native women were no longer bothering to cultivate gardens.

One analysis of a family income showed a very big cash payment in respect of “bride price.” He explained that payments of “bride price” represented circulating wealth since goods and cash were distributed to all kinsfolk. Therefore, it seems that if they pay out “bride price” they also get it back on the next or subsequent distributions, so the heavy lump sum payment represented investment for future “bride price” receipts.

The analysis of family income distribution given on information supplied by the natives themselves showed only fractional amounts spent on “lolly water,” none at all on gambling, and no information on wages lost through non-attendance at work, or periods of not working.

If the natives* economic position is as bad as Dr. Belshaw paints it, it is difficult to reconcile this with the huge trade in non-essential goods at the trade stores.

Wristlet watches at £lO or more, sewing machines, pressure lamps, and scores of other high-price goods sell in volume at all the major trade stores.

Also there is the constant depletion of family or individual funds by hordes of visiting relatives who periodically “milk” the wage-earning town natives of their money and food supply. In hundreds of cases it is borne out that every time a working native saves a few pounds, his “father,” his “mother,” his “brother” or his “sister” arrives from the village, ACI F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY - JULY, 1951

The SIMPSON TEST KITCHEN tells how to make AAAA a aii/p / M nprer\ Ingredients: IV4 cups SIMPSON’S SELF-RAISING uUUUA UAfVC Cgg; FLOUR, J 4 teaspoon salt. 2 oz. shortening, % cup brown sugar, 1 egg, well-beaten, V* cup cocoa, Vi cup hot water. Vi teaspoon baking soda, Vz cup milk.

Method: Combine cocoa, water and soda, mix smooth. Cream together shortening and sugar; add well-beaten egg. Blend in cooled cocoa mixture. Add silted flour and salt alternately with the milk. Beat smooth. Bake in a greased and flour-dusted 8-inch layer pan in mod. oven (350 deg. Pahr.) about 25 minutes. When cold ice with plain butter icing.

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stays for a merry spending of accumulated wages, and then goes home until the money has piled up for another visit.

Or, worse still, if he draws on future wages, and if his employer is foolish enough to allow it, the native is in debt for weeks ahead.

IT is pretty obvious that it is not the wage rate that is at fault, but rather the natives’ own social system, and until he can free himself of depredations by his relatives, ho wage will be large enough to give him a good living standard.

The average native also has to learn to put necessities ahead of foolish spending on any old thing that catches his fancy.

And as for the wives getting out and working in gardens to supplement the family food supply and balance the food value deficiencies, they have their example in the fact that in practically all middlewage European families in Port Moresby the wives are also working on salaried jobs.

The native children need not suffer by their mothers working in the gardens, for if they are too small to be taken along, there are plenty of elderly relatives to take on the job of baby-minding.

To give Dr. Belshaw credit, he explained that his analysis was based on only a preliminary survey, and he admitted that his figures were supplied by the natives themselves. A much more exhaustive and more closely investigated survey is needed before too much importance is attached to the results of such a check.

Death Of A. K. M. Edwards

A MAN who had given long and valuable service to the Territory died in Fort Moresby on June 21 under tragic circumstances.

He was Mr. A. K. M. Edwards, aged 50, and a geologist whose Island experience went back to 1935. He died from injuries received when he was thrown from his motor cycle while travelling along the Koki Road towards Badili on June 18.

Mr. Edwards started his Territory career with Oil Search Limited in 1935, and later went to the Australasian Petroleum Company, finally taking up a government appointment in June, 1949.

At the time of his death he was on the staff of the Commonwealth Bureau of Mineral Resources, seconded to the Administration as Chief Geologist. In the war years he served with the American forces in the Islands and later with the RAAF.

His knowledge of Territory geological matters was extensive and his death is a severe loss to Papua and New Guinea.

He is survived by his widow and a schoolboy son. 34 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Kikori’s Cutch Industry Gets A Start From Our Own Correspondent FORT MORESBY, June 20.

THE New Guinea-Borneo Mangrove Company has started on the job of getting a cutch factory established in the Kikori district Papua. (Cutch is made from mangrove bark and is used for tanning and dying.) Its 380-ton steam vessel Narani arrived at Port Moresby the second week in June with the general manager, Mr. C. B.

Cook, and a full load of gear for the initial building operations. A new cutch manufacturing plant arrived a few days earlier from Britain on the Carron Park which brought the second consignment of Hawkesley prefabricated houses.

While the factory and staff quarters are being built, the European members of the mangrove bark team will live on the Narani.

The Company’s extensive mangrove lease in the Kikori area includes a small section of high land where the factory will be built, and later nearby swamp country will be reclaimed by using bark from which the cutch extract has been removed.

The Company has had many years of experience in cutch manufacture in Borneo.

The number of natives employed on wages in Papua will be comparatively small, being limited to factory staff. The major employment will be indirect, as the bark will be brought direct from natives who thus will be independent workers receiving payment on results.

With a desire for economic development already apparent the mangrove bark industry should fit in well.

Borneo’s record shows that the industry :an earn dollars, and the progress of the company will be watched with keen interest.

Mission Yacht For French

OCEANIA From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, April, 10. rHE Mormons’ Mission organisation has purchased a trim 84 ft yacht, to be based at Papeete, for inter-island communication.

This 61-tons vessel is now called the 3 araita. She was originally called the fandango and was owned by Edward J. ‘auley. She was second, by 51 seconds, ti t i939 San Francisco " H °nolulu yacht race Before sailing for Tahiti, Fandango was entted at Wilmington (California). She has a 120 hp auxiliary diesel engine, giving nearly 10 knots. After arrival in Tahiti, she was transferred to the French flag, and renamed Paraita in honour of one of the first Mormon missionaries, who landed on Tubuai in 1844.

Rugby Union football is now well established in the Cook Islands —there are six clubs in Rarotonga, each with four teams, 12 teams in Aitutaki and eight in Atiu.

The Islanders hope eventually to be able to send touring teams to Fiji and New Zealand.

The Sunderland flying-boats, Takitimu, Mata-a-Tua and Tainui, which the NZ NAC used on its Auckland-Suva service before Tasman Empire Airways Ltd. took over the service a year ago, have been advertised in NZ for sale by tender. Tainui is little but a hull and wings—she has been stripped for spares for her sisters.

Takitimu is classed as a going concern; but Mata-a-Tua is said to need an “extensive overhaul.”

Bank Will Open In Honiara

SOON From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 26.

HONIARA will soon have a bank for the first time post-war. Since the change-over from war to peacetime economy, the Protectorate Treasury has undertaken necessary banking duties, in spite of insufficient staff to cope with normal Treasury requirements, as no bank was prepared to open a branch in the Protectorate.

The Commonwealth Bank of Australia is now opening a Honiara Branch. The bank manager, Mr. D. F. Wiley, and Mrs.

Wiley arrived in the Protectorate by Qantas aircraft from Sydney on June 25, and the bank will soon be in operation.

Before the war, a Commonwealth Savings Bank Branch operated at Tulagi, and it is expected that this service will also be revived.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Pacific Islanders In

New Zealand

By Brett Hilder

DURING the last ten years there has been a steady stream of natives from Western Samoa, Niue, and the Cook slands, landing and settling down in New ealand.

Most of the Samoans return to their omeland after a year or so, but the Polyesians from the more remote islands ave been accumulating in God’s Own ountry.

Whether this will be permitted to connue is a matter of Government policy, nd it is indicated that this latter-day olynesian migration has been stopped by ficiai action during the last month or vo.

But there was no sign of official disaproval during March, iis year, when I was i Auckland looking )r some Cook danders in order to aint their portraits. found that the MS had things very ell organised, and irough their courssy, I was able to e the very fine ork they are doing l New Zealand in isuring the moral id spiritual welfare visiting or migratg Polynesians.

The minister in charge is the Rev. R.

L. Challis, who spent many years in the central Pacific. The LMS has acquired the use of the old Congregational Church in Edinburgh Street, Auckland, just off Karangahape Road. There is a recreation hall adjoining, and a cottage next door, occupied by the pastor, who is a very energetic Rarotongan named Tariu Teaia.

His wife and daughter are with him.

The pastor is a man of great natural tact and courtesy, with a personal knowledge of a lot of the Polynesians who have spread through the North Island to Wellington, and even to the South Island.

THE advent of the church buildings has given a great impetus to the work, and the vitality of the mission was shown by one of the working bee’s which painted the whole outside of the church and pastor’s cottage in one day! Just imagine a war-party of 60 inspired Polynesians armed with paint brushes, arid not allowed to paint each other!

The facilities of Church and hall include a large kitchen for the preparation of meals when required, rooms for tablehe Islanders’ Church in Auckland. 37 ACI F I C ISLANDS JULY, 1951

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tennis, for reading, writing and study, and a “green” for indoor bowls which are now so popular in New Zealand.

The programme of events for the week is a striking example of the vigour of the members, for in addition to normal church services, there are club nights on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday for Cook Islanders, Niueans, and Samoans respectively; an open night on Thursday; tennis on Saturday afternoons; a social event on Saturday night; and a monthly dance.

At the same time there is a weeklv programme of studies, Bible on Monday, Everyday Law on Tuesday, a Preachers’ class on Wednesday. English Reading and Understanding on Thursday. These studies are conducted by the Rev. Challis and his wife, and a lawyer friend of the mission.

Typed news sheets are sent out in threelanguages—Samoan, Niuean and Rarotongan—to cater for the three groups.

Such a programme does not seem to leave much room for idle hands and the Devil only gets a chance for mischief on Fridays. As a layman, I should like to pay my tribute to such a shining example of mission work, to the officials both lay and clerical, and to the unseen supporters of the good work.

THERE are several points of interest in regard to these islanders which at- : tracted my attention, the first being the large number of these wanderers.

They now total 2,000 in New Zealand, about half of them being Cook Islanders, the rest mostly Samoans, with a sprinkling from Niue.

Such a large number of Cook Islanders, about 1,000, represent a fair slice of the total population of the Cooks, given as 14.000. though they can hardly be expected to have much significance in NZ compared with the New Zealand Maoris who number about 45,000 of pure bloods.

The Cook Islanders —also known as Maoris —particularly the Rarotongans, are the closest known relatives of the NZ Maoris, having old genealogies which mesh together, and a very similar language. However, a close comparison ot the two races as they live side by side in New Zealand, reveals some differences.

The most noticeable is in their skin colour. Although the islanders appear fairly dark on their arrival from the tropics, they quickly lose this tan in the colder climate, and after a few years they become so pale that one is forced to the conclusion that the Maori race, with all its Polynesian speech, culture and traditions, must have assimilated a much darker race of aboriginals in New Zealand.

Their darker colour could hardly be accounted for by the assumption of a few wandering tribes of Melanesians being there before them, or by the Maori canoes “touching” the fringes of Melanesia on their way to the south..

The Maori legends concerning the previous inhabitants of NZ, as quoted by Sir Peter Buck, described them as “tall and upright, with large bones, thin calves, prominent knees, flat faces, quick sideglacing eyes, expanded nostrils, straight or lank hair, and reddish-brown skins.

They were also lazy, and hugged the fire.”

Sir Peter Buck regards this whole description as invalid, because the straight or lank hair would rule out the possibility of their being Melanesians. I wonder whether he has considered the chance of their being similar to the Australian aboriginals?

The description seems, to me, to fit them rather well, but perhaps Sir Peter has not seen much of the aboriginals. Similar Australoids are believed to have lived in New Caledonia, in which case there is just as much chance of their getting to New Zealand as there is of any Melanesians getting there in any numbers.

ANOTHER interesting point about the Pacific Islanders now living in New Zealand is that they are reported to keep away from the Maoris and to tend to mix more with the Europeans there Considering how little English any of them speak, and how strange must an industrial city be to them after their own remote islets, it’s very strange that they are not drawn into community with their Maori cousins.

Part of their reluctance may be due to the bad name which the Maoris have been getting around the settlements since they have been allowed free, access to hotel bars. '■ The islanders do appear to have a stronger moral fibre than the easy-going Maoris. ~ .

At the time of writing there is a move to give the aboriginals in New South Wales a similar access to alcohol, in spite of the opinion of the police and others that the aboriginal cannot drink without losing his senses. If there is any real truth in this assertion, it might have a little bearing on the make-up of the Maori, if he has some aboriginal ancestry in his background. However, we may say that even the European has hardly learned to drink decently after all these years of practice —and this criticism is very much to the 38 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Food Short in Honiara Copra Piles Up From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 26.

HONIARA is going through one of its periodical lean periods as regards supplies.

There is plenty to eat, but it can hardly be regarded as a varied diet. Fresh meat is obtainable only for a few weeks after the Morinda’s arrival, or on the rare occasions when one of Lever’s cattle which have run wild at Kaukua, on the Guadalcanal coast, can be brought in.

The drought weather (only five inches of rain having fallen in May, and 70 points up to June 22) has curtailed the never over-plentiful supply of fresh vegetables.

A serious rice shortage, due to lack of incoming overseas ships and consequent inadequate shipping space, has necessitated priority for rice over other cargo.

Some employers have had to discharge labour for want of rice to feed them.

The rice position is being alleviated as far as possible by small ships such as the A. V. Evaleeta from Sydney, which arrived in the Protectorate early in June, and left again for Sydney on June 26 to pick up some more cargo for Honiara.

The A. V. Miena, which was expected to bring up cargo, has broken down at Ballina in New South Wales. Residents are being adequately but monotonously fed on such tinned meat and local produce as is available, with occasional small shipments of fruit and vegetables from the Districts, a few chickens and a very occasional turtle or two.

A further shock to local systems is an acute shortage of anything but water to drink, shipping priority having been given to basic foodstuffs at the expense of the evening liquid diet. As a corollary, copra stocks are mounting owing to lack of outward shipping.

Much is hoped for in the way of inward cargo by next Muliama and the July Morinda, and the Banks Line copra ship Lochybank is expected in the Protectorate about the end of July to load copra for the United Kingdom. 39 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— JULY, 1951

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The Outlook For Copra

Factors Which Influence Future of Pacifies Staple Product In this article, specially written for Pacific Islands Monthly, JB (an experienced coconut planter), shrewdly and convincingly discusses the prospects of the copra-producing industry. His references to the possible extended use of margarine are of particular interest at the present time.

THE Pacific planter who wishes to forecast the trend of the copra market in the years to come finds difficulty in obtaining accurate information on which to base his estimates.

In the British sections of the copra world, Government control —which is perhaps the most important feature of postwar production—appears to be more concerned with tying up production than with any long-range plans for development of the industry.

One result of this policy is that owners of coconut plantations and prospective investors in tne Islands have been forced to the conclusion that, whilst existing plantations can be worked at a profit, there is not sufficient inducement to warrant the heavy expense and time involved in laying-out new plantations.

After World War I, in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, a fairly heavy planting programme was undertaken.

Even under the Expropriation Board (which was mainly concerned with the maintenance of plantations until the properties were sold) many new areas of palms were laid down; and, when the plantations were disposed of by tender, 10 difficulty was experienced in obtaining bids for virgin land suitable for the establishment of coconut plantations.

From the time the Expropriation Board :ook over, early in 1920, a steady fall took ilace in the world price of copra. Whereis, in 1920, the price was in excess of £3O ier ton, and remained above that figure for three or four years, by 1925 the price had fallen below £3O and. month by month, we saw a steady falling away in vorld prices, until the disastrous collanse )f copra prices—along with the collapse of nirnary products prices generally—oc- ;urred during the depression years.

During the years of depression, and the var years, practically no new plantations vere established in any copra-producing irea of the world; and indications are hat very little new planting has taken )lace since the war finished. In addition, n some areas, plantations were destroyed >r damaged as a result of war activities.

Uso, a proportion of very old plantings vent out of production.

Most producing countries have not got jack to pre-war production figures. It s very doubtful whether pre-war figures ;an be obtained for many years to come.

SUBSTITUTES for coconut oil have not J made the headway that their sponsors expected. The failure of the Ministry of Pood’s groundnuts scheme in Africa is a case in point. Before the war, ilso, whale fishing provided an important übstitute for coconut oil, and the cheapness of whale oil was used as a lever to lepress the price of copra. Whale fishing s no longer cheap, nor is the volume of ►reduction from this source to be cornered with that of pre-war days.

The question of demand requires atention, in order to make a long-term orecast. In many countries of the world margarine is not a substitute for butter but the primary staple for people who have never been able to afford butter.

Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain now enjoy the cheapest butter in the world. In Australia the price of butter is heavily subsidised in order that it may retail at 2/2 per lb. A large increase in the present subsidy is long overdue. The price of butter in Great Britain is kept low because of the existence of long-term agreements between the Ministry of Food and the Governments of Australia and New Zealand. In western European countries the average price is around 6/- per lb., and in USA 8/- per lb.

With the present drift from the dairy- 41 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Cables: “SUNRISE,” SYDNEY. Postal Address: Box 3317, G.P.0., Sydney ing industry in Australia, and the diversion of an ever-increasing proportion of milk to the manufacture of milk products other than butter (a tendency which is world-wide in dairying countries, and not unique to Australia) the statistical position for high world-parity butter prices for years to come seems assured.

The comparison between butter production in Australia and the production of copra in the British sections of the Pacific is very close.

Neither the dairying industry nor the production of copra, can be greatly increased overnight. The population of the world is increasing fast; but a more important factor in maintaining demand will be found in the improved standards of living demanded by the peoples of the world.

WORLD parity prices for copra to-day are well over £I3OA per ton at European or American ports. In countries where planters are in a position to sell at world parity prices, this will be a powerful inducement to increase their planted areas, where suitable land is available.

In the Pacific countries, however, where the price is controlled, to the disadvantage of planters, a policy of stagnation will ensue until the price is increased to an amount which will act as a spur to planters to take the risk of what their returns will be in 10 or 12 years after planting, when the areas really come into bearing.

INCREASES in costs since the inception of the British Ministry of Food’s nineyears marketing agreements have, in most cases, wiped out completely the benefits of any increased prices under the annual revision clauses.

On June 13, 1951, the Chairman of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. stated, in regard to the price of jute; “Abandonment of price control (in India) on both raw and manufactured jute goods . . . resulted in a phenomenal increase on the previous official prices. Cornsacks . . . rose quickly from 3/4 to 5/- each and are now around 6 6, compared with 7«d in 1939. ...” That is an illustration of how production costs have been affected.

Tinned meats (for ration purposes) are around £5/10/- to £6/10/- per case of 48/12 oz. tins at Island ports. Before the war the cost would have been around 30per case, or less. Calicos, which cost around 4d. or sd. per yard pre-war, are now between 5/- and 6/- per yard, and becoming almost unprocurable. Equipment costs have soared. In 1926 to 1928 the Expropriation Board was able to charter ships to load copra at Rabaul and other islands ports for shipment to Europe at around 30/per ton. At present it costs four, five, or six times that much to ship copra to Sydney. Rice, the chief food for labour on many plantations, is now about eight times pre-war cost. 42 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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IITITH high wages and boundless oppor- ▼ f tunities for well-paid employment in Australia, it is very difficult for planiation companies or individual owners of plantations to obtain suitable European itaff, although they are prepared to offer >reviously unheard-of inducements in the vay of salary, bonuses, and amenities.

Native employees, demoralised to- a great ixtent by the War, and encouraged by nexperienced Government officials and >oliticians, are expensive and inefficient, rhe virtual abandonment of the longerm labour contract makes it very diffiult for the plantation manager to bring lewly recruited labour to a reasonable tandard of efficiency.

The Governments of the Pacific should ecide quickly whether they wish the copra idustry to decay over the coming years, r whether they are prepared to alter tieir policies in order to give positive enouragement to an industry which at one ime merited the name of “The Consols f the Pacific ,5 The development and economic stability f the copra industry must no longer be abordinated to the desire of the various (ritish Governments controlling Pacific jrritories to provide cheap copra for the linistry of Food.

Niueans Visit American

SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent NIUE. May 15.

JINETY-TWO Niueans and eight Euro- N peans chartered the Manuatele from the American Samoan Government l May in order to visit Tutuila. The ip was organised by the Niuean Church the London Missionary Society as they ished to visit their members resident in le American Territory.

The arrangement, as it subsequently dedoped, was a benefit to the island as the jssel was the first contact with the outie for four months. A few badly-needed ores were obtained and an outward mail as dispatched. Several replacements r the Administration staff were also >le to take up their appointments.

The Niuean party was welcomed by the jw Governor of American Samoa, the on. Phelps-Phelps. The Niueans, acrding to their custom, made presentams to the Governor and Commander lick and other members of the Adminisation staff.

The Governor said that he thought such ter island visits were beneficial to better iderstanding between Polynesian peoples they broadened their knowledge of the ly in which they lived and the condi- >ns of life. He expressed the hope that ore visists would be arranged.

The Niueans were treated royally by the ople of Tutuila during their stay. It hoped to soon charter the Manuatele ain, either for a trip to Tonga or a rern trip to Tutuila.

Death Of H. J. Berryman

Ir. Harold John Berryman, One

of New Guinea’s early aviation pioneers, died at his home in storia on June 14.

He was one of those responsible for the production of Junkers transport planes ;o New Guinea in the late 20’s. It was sse planes which made the dredging of 3 Bulolo Valley possible.

Vlr. Berryman served with the Royal val Air Service before and during irld War 1. He was 67.

He is survived by his wife, three Lighters and a son.

Mr. Robert Boulton of Suva, has been pointed to the staff of Burns Philo at ae. He arrived on the June Matua.

Some Reach!

THE things these reporters write!

When Mrs. Harold Rabling, wife of Vacuum Oil Co.’s chief, returned to Melbourne recently after a visit to Fiji, a female gossip columnist had it that Mrs.

Rabling was enthusiastic about the colony “where frangipanni blossoms floated to the ground and ripe coconuts fall at a touch.”

Could be, of course, that the coconuts in question were of the dwarf variety. 43 %CI F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Madang Newsletter From Our Own Correspondent MADANG, June 28.

THE wedding of Miss Pat Skene to Mr.

Reg. Vogler took place at the Madang Catholic Church, on June 23. Mr. T. Huxley gave the bride away, while Miss Thelma Huxley acted as bridesmaid, and Mr. “Lofty” Whitehead as best man.

Afterwards the guests gathered at the borne of Mr. and Mrs. R. Mitchell, where the breakfast was served al fresco.

At Tusbab, the Native Education Centre, a gala day and night celebrated their anniversary. Prizes for athletic “vents were presented by the District Commissioner, Mr. lan Downs. The enrolment now stands at 90 males and 77 'emales.

Dr. and Mrs. T. G. Braun, from Vagaum Lutheran Hospital, have gone Dn 12 months’ leave in the United States.

While there, Dr. Braun will do a six months’ post-graduate course.

The staff of the local Commonwealth Bank has grown to five.

Mr. Hardwick is in charge of the new duster plane being used by the American Lutheran Mission for freighting to and :rom the Highlands.

Late in June, Mr. Donald Smith, of the American Consular service in Australia, made a short visit to Madang to observe the welfare and general conditions of Americans living in Madang. Most of :hem are attached to the Lutheran and Catholic Mission Centres.

Among plane travellers South in June were Mr. J. Duncan, manager of the Madang Marine Workshops, and Mrs.

Duncan; Mr. Tom Leyer, foreman carpenter of Works and Housing Dept.; ind Mr. Roy Collins, manager of Modillon Victors —he joined his wife and family in Melbourne. Mrs. H. Longmore, with laughter Janice, flew South for health reasons.

UNEXPECTED travellers on the MV Malaita were Mr. and Mrs. Jack Sherry and family; Mr. Sherry is ;oing South on medical advice.

On June 5, pupils of Madang Private Kindergarten, assisted by their elder Asters, presented a Musical Revue, The Awakening of Spring.

The cast: Ann and Sue Willis, Suzanne Brown and Margot Herriot as flower dairies; Wally Weidenhofer, Johnny Sherry and Sandy Esson as caterpillar goblins; Marie and Maureen Sherry, 31za and Robyn Nolan and Glynnis Clark is Spring Fairies; Helen Reason (Caps Eligney) as Fairy of Lavender Blue and Margaret Weidenhofer as the Kindergarten teacher or Butterfly fairy.

The audience of 80 consisted of parents and associate members, who assisted in the production and prepared the delightful buffet meal served on the lawn after the show.

As it was the Kindergarten Anniversary, a birthday cake was cut and the one candle blown out by the children on stage.

All the children received a birthday present and a posy.

Chinese contract labour is building three new R-Type houses on Kalibobo.

Other blocks are being cleared and offered for tender.

Handrails have been added to the bridge across the neck of the lagoon joining Kalibobo residential area to the business centre. These add to the picturesque qualities of the bridge but for perfect safety, foot bridges either side are still necessary.

Madang’s younger children really had something to talk about after Brody Shields’ birthday party. Mrs. Shields decorated the cake in the form of a warship, with pins and cotton for the rails, flags and candles for the guns. So fascinated was Brody, when the candles were lit, that he would not blow them out and the flags caught alight.

Mr. W. Spencer left Madang by plane for Port Moresby on June 26. His wife and family expect to join him soon. The Spencers will be missed by many in the district.

A New Zealand poultry expert, Mr. J.

Kissling, visited Fiji in July to advise local poultry farmers on their problems. 45 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

TAHITI To Shipmasters and Visitors When calling at Tahiti, and seeking SHIPS SUPPLIES and FRESH PROVISIONS, see—

Oscar G. Nordman

Supply Agent for Messageries Maritimes, Union S.S. Co. of N.Z. Ltd., Matson-Oceanic Line, United States Line, General S.S. Corp., Etc.

We supply General Service Act as Shipping Agents Address all inquiries to the Tourist Bureau.

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IkeAKTAVITEwauto Good nutrition and really buoyant health go hand in hand.

Modern cooking methods can destroy a hif h proportion of the vitamins in our food ana, although our meals may satisfy our appetites, the essential vitamins may be lacking.

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ST i' <3 t % y FOR ALL AGE GROUPS ‘ AKTA-VITE ’ is so pleasant and easy to take : it combines the four vitamins, together with calcium and phosphorus in delicious crunchy granules. This can be taken as such straight off a spoon, mixed with t ot cr chilled milk to make a pleasant drink, spread on sandwiches or sprinkled on other loods, desserts cereals, etc. To preserve the vitamins. ‘AKTA-VITE’ should not be cooked with foods but added when serving.

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AE P 3 There are 50 veterans of the last war living at Niue. They banded together and formed a branch of the RSA which is affiliated with the NZRSA. The “old Soldiers” paraded at Alofi on Anzac Day, which has recently been declared a public holiday hy the NZ Government. They first met at dawn at the Alofi War Memorial where the Resident Commissioner and the Rev. M. G. Check took part in a short service. Later, a service was held in the Alofi Church and was attended by the Resident Commissioner and Mrs. Larsen. and European returned servicemen resident in Niue.

Romney Marsh Sheep In New

GUINEA THE first two years of sheep farming at Nondugl, New Guinea Central Highlands, seems to indicate that Romney Marsh sheep will thrive in that country.

Nondugl is 5,000 feet above sea level and has an annual rainfall of 90 inches.

The land is carrying about seven sheep to the acre of pasture and the original 1,000 sheep have increased most satisfactorily—lambing has been about 80 per cent.

Possibilities Of Kenaf Fibre

EXTENSIVE experiments in the growing of kenaf fibre are being undertaken in Papua-New Guinea by the local Department of Agriculture from seed imported from Cuba by one of the principals of Colyer Watson Ltd.

It is understood that about four acres have been planted and that the plants are doing: well.

Kenaf is one of the quickest maturing fibres—it is ready for harvesting about three months after planting. The fibre is obtained from the tissue .iust under the bark of the stem and under favourable conditions can produce about one ton of dry fibre per acre. Thousands of acres would have to be planted before kenaf could be counted a commercial success but, to date, it promises to be the most likely substitute for scarce Pakistan jute.

Kenaf was grown experimentally by the NSW Department of Agriculture in Northern NSW in 1942 but little has been heard of the results. It also has been grown in South Africa where the Government, in 1949, was guaranteeing growers £65 per ton of fibre or the ruling Calcutta price for jute, whichever was the higher.

Kenaf makes a very strong fibre but there is doubt whether it can be grown in sufficient quantities in New Guinea to make any impression on the jute shortage.

It probably could be grown to better effect in Queensland —but Australia’s agricultural economy is so overstrained at present that it is unlikely that any new crop will get much of a chance.

The motor vessel, Manu’a Tele, recently took a party of 14 lepers from Apia, Western Samoa, to the Leper island of Makogai, Fiji. 46 JULY, 1951 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Honiara Prepared For Big Bang But It Did Not Go Off From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 24.

HONIARA was thrown into some consternation on June 19, when a fire broke out in a small ammunition dump on which the Australian Services Bomb Disposal Unit, at present in the Solomons, was working.

Most of the ammunition being handled is in a potentially dangerous condition owing to age and exposure to the weather, and an Oerlikon shell is reported to have exploded and set alight some cordite which scattered and ignited further shells.

One native labourer was killed and three injured, and one European member of the unit was admitted to hospital for observation suffering from shock and minor shrapnel wounds.

The small dump where the trouble started is about half a mile from the big dump locally known as Hell’s Point, some 10 mies from Honiara, where an accumulation of shells roughly estimated at 37,000 tons, is heaped up. With the drought weather prevailing it was possible that a grass fire, or hot shrapnel fragments falling on the Hell’s Point dump, might send the whole collection up, and in view of the considerable blast effect to be expected if Hell’s Point went up, precautions were hastily organised.

A road block was established between Honiara and Hell’s Point. A 24-hour watch was set up at the Honiara Radio Station. Police and members of the Bomb Disposal Unit kept a constant watch on the dumps, and a warning siren which has replaced the old Public Works Department “bello” was to be continuously sounded in the event of danger.

It was planned to evacuate European women and children to the Rove Police Depot and Training School, where they were to remain confined in the Rove prison area, which is sheltered by high hills.

Natives in the vicinity of Honiara were told to assemble in the Cruz Creek area, which is also sheltered, if the siren sounded, and the Chinese settlement was instructed to take shelter between the deep banks of the Matanikau River.

These precautions fortunately did not have to be put into action, the fire at the smaller dump being brought under control and extinguished, and by the morning of the 20th the “alert” was discontinued, without any further damage or casualties having occurred.

The excitement while it lasted was considerable. There are, however, many valleys running towards the sea between the coastal hills, and these hills provide excellent natural obstacles to any blast from explosions, though it was thought that Honiara buildings might suffer. All Public Works Department Trucks were “grounded” and lined up in readiness to evacuate hospital patients and provide transport generally. The P.W.D. philosophically took the opportunity of getting all their heavy vehicles oiled and greased during the “standby” period, the trucks being freed for once from their almost continuous normal duties.

THE odd grenade embedded in a road surface and shells and other bombs in gardens and ditches, were a commonplace in Honiara life before the arrival of the Bomb Disposal Unit, and a red-painted sign which read “Unexposives—Keep Clear” or just a couple of sticks crossed as a tambu sign were often called into use.

The township area has now been cleared but the large dumps, which contaln a bewildering variety of all kinds of shells, bombs, grenades, flares and so on, present an awkward problem for disposal.

Residents who arrived shortly after the war got used to the presence of all this within 10 miles of the township and are inclined to be perhaps unduly fatalistic, ' They’ll go up, or they won’t” being a fairly usual outlook, but it is recognised that the Government must take all possible precautions if there is any chance of a major explosion, particularly in one of the drought periods which occur now and then in the Honiara section of the coastline.

Mr. P. A. Richardson, has been appointed Secretary to Government, British Solomon Islands Protectorate, succeeding Mr. \. J. Andersen who is shortly going on leave. Mr. Richardson, who amved m the Protectorate at the end of May, was formerly with the administration in Tonga.

Mr. K. Maesepp, managing director of Island Electric Co., Suva, Fiji, is at present on a lengthy business trip to Australia, He emphasises that there is enough hydroelectric power in the mountains of Viti Levu to run all the machinery, transport and kitchens in Fiji—if only the equip ment were made available. 47 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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FIJI: Mr. K. Witherington, 2 Burns Philp Buildings, Suva. stands Get NZ Ships At Last Matua, Maui Pomare and Alexander on the Job HHE motor vessel, Matua, manned by a [ scratch crew which left Auckland for Suva, Apia and Tonga at the end : May, and Maui Pomare, which left NZ ith a volunteer crew in mid-June for ie Cook Islands, have done something ) relieve the acute shortage of foodstuffs id other essential supplies which defloped in the South Pacific territories > a result of the four-months-long NZ aterside dispute.

Fiji has fared somewhat better than ie other islands as Australian cargo ships i the Sydney-Vancouver route have been )le to take supplies to the Colony. Her ain shortages were fresh meat, potatoes id onions—but as these last two commoties have been unprocurable in Australia lyway, it can be said that they are no □rse off than the Sydney housewife.

There were acute shortages of flour, igar, butter and canned goods in the ,her Island territories^—particularly in ie Cooks which have been cut off from ew Zealand, except by air, since the aui Pomare’s last call in February.

After her return to NZ in February, ;aui Pomare was withdrawn for annual irvey. By the time she was ready to reime service the waterfront dispute had sd up all NZ shipping.

In addition to shortage of supplies, the ick Islanders who depend on their fruit :port for ready cash, had been unable ship their crops. This had meant furler hardship. On her return trip, Maui imare is expected to lift 5,000 cases of trus fruit and 600 cases of tomatoes for nckland.

A 48-YEAR-OLD 300-tonher which was rescued six months ago from Nelson mudflats where she has been lying for several years, is doing a great job carrying essential supplies to Suva during the hold-up.

She is the Alexander, once part of the Anchor Shipping Co.’s Cook Straight fleet plying between Nelson and Wellington.

A group of young men bought her some months ago for trading in the islands. She has acquired the title of Little Mercy Ship and made her second Pacific Island run in mid-June with 300 tons of potatoes, onions and canned meat for Suva.

The NZ Minister in charge of Island Territories said that the response to the call for volunteers to man Maui Pomare was splendid and that the Government could hot avail itself of all the offers that had been received. Cook Islanders living in New Zealand had been eager to help and 18 had been included in the crew.

The Rev. W. Gibbins. a Baptist Minister from Newcastle, NSW, has become director of the South Seas Evangelical Mission which has its headquarters in the Solomons. He will leave Sydney on July 7, for his new job. His wife will follow same weeks later.

Fijian Cricketers For

United Kingdom?

MR. P. A. SNOW, well-known Administrative Officer and cricketer, of Fiji, left Sydney in the May Orcades for leave in the United Kingdom. While there he hopes to arrange a tour of a Fijian cricket team similar to that which toured New Zealand in 1948.

He says that he is not looking for a Test series with England; he hopes to arrange a tour —and the MCC is interested —to play the bottom six teams in the County League and the top six minor County teams. He considers that the Fijians would more than hold their own in this company and he bases his opinion on his knowledge of English cricket. He was a former Cambridge and County cricketer before he went to Fiji 15 years ago.

Empire Day celebrations in Madang, New Guinea, included a European sports meeting on Madang Oval which was organised by Mr, R. Johnston. Novelty races caused more amusement to the spectators than to the entrants who were too puffed to drink beer supplied by Mr.

T. Huxley as one of the “obstacles.” 49 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— JULY, 1951

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Oil Search In Papua

Australasian Petroleum Co. Pty., Ltd., reported in mid-June that some delay has been occasioned in Papua at Hohoro No. 2 by 13g inch casing becoming stuck at 2,901 feet when attempting to run it to 4,520 feet. ft was necessary to cut and to pull the uoper section of the casing and to redrill the hole from 950 feet. The redrilled hole had reached 1,992 feet.

Island Exploration Co. Pty., Ltd., reports that the test well at Omati has been deepened 529 feet from 4,855 feet to 5,384 feet.

Miss T. Smith has joined the staff of the Government School, Niue Island, as Infant Mistress.

Mr. and Mrs. W. Scarborough of Niue Island left for Pago Pago en route to the United States in early May. Mr.

Scarborough has been radio superintendent and postmaster at Niue for the past four years and expected to attend the World Conference of Amateur Radio Operators in the US during his six months leave. His plans have been somewhat upset, however, by the fact that the Aorangi is held up in Sydney in sympathy with the NZ waterfront dispute.

A Memory Of Von

LUCKNER Was His Treasure Hidden On Mopelia?

From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE. April 26.

MEMORIES of . a famous wartime incident of World war I were revived by the recent death in Paris of - Madame Genin, wife of Docteur Genin, from shock received when the Japs bombarded Shanghai.

Madame Genin formerly was Madou Miller and was a sister of the well-known Pedro Miller, of Papeete. Before World War I he was the sub-manager of the German “Long-handle Firm.”

Unaware of the presence of the German raiders around the islands, Pedro Miller was making his calls in the islands in their trading schooner, Lutece. When he arrived at the island of Mopelia, he was surprised to see the shores crowded with white faces. At the lagoon entrance was the wreck of a very large sailing ship that turned out to be the Seeadler.

When he landed, Pedro Miller was met by one of the officers of the Seeadler, Kircheiss, who informed him that he was now a prisoner of the Kaiser.

The French flag on the Lutece was hauled down, and replaced by the German flag, and the Germans made their escape on the Lutece, leaving behind the crew of the Lutece, and the three captains and crews of American lumber schooners that had been sunk in the Pacific.

Some months later, the Lutece arrived at Easter Island, and eventually the Germans reached Chile.

When the Lutece arrived at Mopelia, Count von Luckner, commander of the Seeadler, had already gone off in one of the ship’s large motor-boats. He was caught sometime later in Fiji and taken to New Zealand as a prisoner of war.

Kircheiss was von Luckner’s chief officer on the Seeadler.

The Governor of French Oceania despatched the schooner, Tereora, under Captain Joe Winchester (who figured in Frederick O’Brien’s book, White Shadows in the South Seas, as Bill Pincher) to bring back from Mopelia, the Lutece crew and the three captains and crews of the former American lumber schooners, named respectively, RC Slade, Manila, AB Johnson.

Some years later, von Luckner called at Papeete, on his little ship the Seetufle (meaning sea-devil). When he landed, he made straight for the Parc Albert and looked at his gun, which had been brought over to Tahiti from his illfated Seeadler at Mopelia. He knelt down and kissed it and said: “Here we are again. You did a splendid job.”

When von Luckner left Tahiti, he went on to Mopelia; and, when he left Mopelia they noticed a large trench dug, somewhere in the coconut groves. It was then declared that von Luckner had hidden there his treasure collected from his raiding voyage. He had buried it before embarking on that motor-boat voyage, with the intention of going back someday to get it.

Kircheiss also circumnavigated the globe on his little vessel the Vaterland, but never called at Tahiti.

T Mr, and Mrs. W. D. Forsyth and their two young daughters, arrived in Sydney from Noumea in mid-June. Mr. Forsyth is the retiring Secretary General of the South Pacific Commission. Mrs. Forsyth described life in Noumea as “very gay, very colourful, sometimes boring and always expensive.” 50 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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News Items From Santo

By Vernon Wheatley

KING’S BIRTHDAY: This event was celebrated on the night of June 6-7 in the Cine Harris.

The British residents entertained a representative gathering of French residents. Major D. Fregard, local British District Agent proposed the health of the King. M. Rossi represented the French Delegation in the absence of the French Delegate, and the Ladies Committee prepared an excellent supper from the many items donated by generous British planters. The ball carried on until dawn.

SHIPPING: This part of the New Hebrides will shortly see a host of new small ships. M. Graziani, en route from Sydney to Santo, was forced to delay at Noumea for major engine repairs. Ships purchased by Mr. Roy Gubbay, Messrs. Lo Po and L. D. Cao are expected soon. Mr.

Pat Savage, in a 42-footer, is expected to leave Brisbane shortly. Mr. Joe Faucher’s small launch will come up on the next Morinda, as deck cargo.

Locally. Mr. John Smith’s newly acquired Blue Hawk is undergoing a refit and is having a new diesel engine installed.

DEPARTING: Mr. Bill Love and M.

Guy Marty, both of BP’s. The former hopes to go to Suva while M. Marty’s objective is Manila, PI. Mr. Ron Baker, also of BP’s, will shortly return to Australia.

RUMOUR DEPARTMENT: It is reliably rumoured that the gentleman who has been assiduously tramping over Espiritu Santo with a Geiger counter has discovered gold bearing quartz.

There is no doubt that there is gold in them thar hills, but the big question is, is it a paying proposition? There is plenty of quartz on the west coast, and, as nobody has done anything about it all these years, it would appear that it is not worth working. Back in the coastal hills there is plenty of gold in another form—millable timber.

Mr. Malcolm M. Brodie, of Suva, Fiji, has been spending a few weeks in Australia. He is head of Pacific Biscuit Company and allied concerns.

Archbishop of York to Visit Pacific THE Archbishop of York, Dr. C. F.

Garbett, who will visit Australia in October expects also to visit Fiji and New Guinea.

He will travel to Australia in the Dominion Monarch.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY- JULY, 19 51

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Rabaul Roundabout

From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, June 20.

Philately Society

THE first meeting of the newly-formed philatelic society was held on June 12 at the home of Mr. Keith Armisted of Rabaul.

Apparently there are a number of keen stamp collectors in Rabaul, and they have decided to form a Society. All interested in this subject are invited to contact either Mr. Keith Armisted. or Mr.

Graham, care of the Post Office Rabaul.

The Society also desires to make an appeal for used stamps, of any origin or value, on behalf of various charities such as the Crippled Children’s Homes, the Blind, Cancer Research, and other deserving causes. Any donations will be personally acknowledged by the Secretary, Mr. L. Graham, acting as forwarding authority.

King’S Birthday Celebrations

ONE of the most brilliant functions seen for many years in Rabaul, was the performance by native choirs, from villages and schools, given during the King’s Birthday celebrations.

The singing of these choirs, which has become an Island tradition, was better than ever this year in the opinion of old residents.

Adjudicators were Mr. Keith Chambers, Mr. Len Olive, Mr. Frank Mollinger, two pastors from the Seventh Day Adventist Mission, and two Catholic priests.

Winning village chior was Matupi No. 1, who also won the shield last year.

Village schools trophy was won by Nordup, who after tying with Tavalui, resang, and won the shield.

Village Higher Schools was won, for the second year, by Velavulo. Boarding schools by St. Pauls, Vu Vu, from St. Marys, who had held it for three years.

Singing commenced at nine in the morning and continued throughout the morning. The grand march past, brilliant spectacle in colour—the boys’ lap-laps and school banners standing out brilliantly against the green playing field—took place in the early afternoon.

The Prefabs

THE first three Bulolo pre-cut houses erected in Rabaul are now nearing completion. They are being built on behalf of the Shell Company, as staff quarters.

First building is already occupied by one married couple. The second cottage is expected to be ready for occupation soon.

Quarters for unmarried men comprise the third building in the installation.

Dwellings are fitted with all conveniences.

Rabaul resident, Mr. Jack Allan, expected back on the Meleitai, is bringing with him another type of pre-fabricated house, purchased in Australia, for erection on his property at Kokopo.

When building is completed, Mrs. Allan, at present holidaying South, will return to Rabaul.

Kokopo Rifle Club

THE Kokopo Rifle Club held its first meet on the King’s Birthday holiday at Kokopo.

Meeting was opened by Mr. V. Pennefather with a shoot off.

Results were: 100 yards shoot with four possibles, Mr. Peter Reid; 200 yards won by F. Towner, Peter Reid second; 300 yards won by Peter Reid; 400 yards by H.

Boyle, with the score of 20.

Aggregate shoot won by Peter Reid.

Trophy was presented by Mr. F. Dobell of Kokopo. Further shoots will be held each Sunday at 9 a.m. (See next page) 53 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1951

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Training A Doctor-Boy

SYDNEY Cinesound man, R. Horner, arrived in Rabaul in early June to make a short film showing the training of a native as a Doctor-Boy.

This film will be shown in all countries and a special showing for UNO officials will be screened at Lake Success, USA.

Chosen to play the leading role was a fully trained Doctor-Boy, at present serving on the Native Hospital staff at Rabaul.

Film will show his progress from the time of leaving his village, his training, and conclude with his return to his own people, as a qualified Medical Assistant, who will be capable of looking after the health of his fellow villagers.

Red Star Rising!

RABAUL residents recently became intrigued with a istrange red istar, which appeared regularly in the night sky over Rabaul. Several residents observed the phenomenon and discussed it. Also talk was rife amongst natives, who also had seen the light.

It always appears at about eight every night, said the star gazers.

DCA officials, however, blasted their theories when asked if they too had observed the slowly moving red star.

It turned out to be their small observation balloon which is sent up most nights at eight, forsaking wind observations. To the balloon is attached a little lighted candle, apparently enclosed in red glass, which twinkles as brightly as any star.

Soccer Association

ON June 23 the Rabaul Soccer Association will charter a plane to carry a mixed team to Lae.

As guests of the Association. Mr. and Mrs. J. K. Macarthy will accompany the players.

Mr. Frank Mollinger, as official spokesman for the Association, said that interest in this first outside game had been so great that it was almost necessary to charter a second plane to accommodate everyone.

Farewell To Popular

Dorothy Stewart

RABAUL loses another of its personalities in Miss Dorothy Stewart, who left for Australia on May 28. having terminated her services as manageress at the Ascot Hotel.

Previous to joining the staff of the Ascot, Miss Stewart was known to everybody in and out of Rabaul, as the licencee of the Cosmopolitan Hotel. Most Territorians remembered her from her early days in the country when she first came to visit her family in Samarai.

There is no one from the goldfields who does not remember her in the good old days of the first Hotel at Wau. Many a prospector who later “struck it rich,” was never refused help by Dorothy Stewart when he was down on his luck.

Now she is to leave us. We hope that she will, like Macarthur, return, as she always has done.

Under that somewhat grtuff exterior beats a heart of the purest gold. We can’t have too many people like Dorothy Stewart in any community.

Mt. Lamington Relief

THE Mount Lamington Relief Fund concluded its all-out drive for funds in Rabaul with an all-day Carnival and Sports on Jubilee Day.

Both Chinese and Europeans competed in races and tests of strength and skill.

Champion for the 100 yard sprint was F. Macrae. Tony Normoyle won the Throw-the-Cricket-Ball-Competition. The Mixed Relay race was won by Audrey Woods, Peggy McEvoy, Les Sorrell and Evan Smith.

Profit from the Carnival was satisfying; £27 was collected, and a big portion of 54

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;his came from the profits at the cool Irink stall which drew a constant stream )f perspiring customers.

Second Vessel Ashore

|LTO wonder sailors are superstitious W people.

Following upon the grounding of the ressel, MV Kelanoa, came news that the filler Salvage Company ship, Gona, had ilso foundered off the coast of New Ireand at the Island of Djaoul.

Timber vessel, Weston, privately owned, vent to investigate, and found the Gona veil up, with both props badly bent.

However, at high tide they were able o pull her off, and tow her to Rabaul, inhere she is at present on the slipway unlergoing repairs.

Some time previously the vessel was adertised as being for sale.

She was being used by the Miller Salage Company of Bougainville, mainly for he transportation of personnel.

Mr. Riordan Departs

POPULAR bank manager, Mr. Prank Riordan, of the Commonwealth Bank has also decided to leave for ►outhern climes.

He has been with the Commonwealth Jank here for three years, and will be reatly missed by the many friends he lade during his stay.

At his farewell party at the Catholic fission Hall, Malaguna Road, there was tremendous gathering to see him off.

Songs were sung in sixteen different mguages. This, one would imagine, to e an unusual occurrence in any part of tie world except perhaps Lake Success.

Good wishes go with Mr. Riordan from 11 his friends in Rabaul.

CHE engagement is announced of Jacoueline Palmer, only daughter of Police Inspector and Mrs. J. H.

'aimer of Rabaul, to Mr. Roy Park, of le Royal Papuan Constabulary.

AT the Masonic Hall, Rabaul, on June 2, Miss Louise Burrows was married to Mr. Jock Lee of the Vacuum Oil Company. Relatives of the bride and groom flew to Rabaul from Australia for the wedding.

THE New Guinea Club, wreathed in frangipanni, was the scene this year of the traditional Frangipanni Ball.

Blooms were massed profusely in tropical splendour. Each lady guest, as she arrived, was presented with a wristlet of flowers.

Two songs, which were composed around 1938, and were sung at the first Frangipanni Ball, were performed by a choir, ably led by Mr. Dudley Jones.

The Prangipanni Blooms Again and The Citizens Lament brought many a nostalgic tear as the Befores dwelt for a few moments in the elusive past.

Rabaul is to lose one of its Bachelors Gay in the person of Mr. George Hill, until lately Acting-Superintendent at the Directorate of Shipping. He is bound for Moresby, has been with us since early in ’46, and he will be missed. 55 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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L 56 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Magazine Section

Five Times Round The World IN the third week in June, the Irving Johnsons and their amateur crew of young Americans on the brigantine Yankee, had reached Rabaul, nine months out from the Eastern United States.

This is the Yankee’s fifth world cruise; only recently we reviewed their fourth cruise, undertaken about 1948. which was described in story and picture in March, 1951, issue of the National Geographic Magazine.

The ship’s current voyage commenced on October 29, 1950, and will end on April 27, 11952. Few regular shipping companies would like to give such a hardand-fast date of arrival for an 18 months cruise but Skipper Johnson prides himself on getting back on schedule, and if he says April 27, 1952, then, no doubt, that is when it will be.

Already Yankee has visited Pitcairn Island where the ship’s doctor assisted the isolated islanders by removing one recalcitrant appendix and setting one broken leg. In the Tuamotus they found a measles epidemic which had interfered with the season’s pearl diving schedule.

The ship’s company fortunately escaped the disease.

They lost a topmast in a squall between Honolulu and Samoa but replaced it in Apia; and at Palmyra they met an American salvage outfit which was gathering up left-over war materials from that lonely outpost as well as from Fanning Island.

From Western Samoa they sailed to Niuafo’ou in the Tongan Group—better known, perhaps, as Tin Can Island.

Niuafo’ou was completely abandoned in 1947 after disastrous eruptions had ruined most of the cultivated land. When the Johnsons called on their 1948 cruise they had found it quite deserted but on this occasion (April, 1951) they say that there were people ashore signalling to them.

The sea was too rough to attempt a landing, but a couple of the men swam out with poles in the old Tin Can Postman manner. They told those on board that there were 90 on the island cutting copra. They had arrived in November last but were expecting a ship to call for them and the copra they had cut, within a week.

The Yankee made its usual visit to the New Hebrides and the Solomons and after leaving Rabaul expected to call at Lae where a party would fly to the Central Highlands.

PIM correspondents, like everyone else at the Yankee’s ports of call, were interested in the Johnsons, their ship and their crew. From our Rabaul correspondent we have received this:— Farm Bov's Dream Come True * THE story of the brigantine Yankee, at present in Rabaul Harbour, is the story of a Yankee farm boy’s dream come true.

“Even to-day,” says Skipper Irving M.

Johnson, on his fifth voyage around the world, “I can’t get over the good fortune of this particular farm-boy, who can dream his favourite dream over and over again. Well, every 18 months anyway.

Tne dream begins to come true on the day we board the good ship Yankee, to sail clear around the world, and continues for the 18 months it takes us to do it. To me the eighteen months, ashore, between voyages, is just the longest time.”

Skipper Johnson may have begun life as a farm-boy, but to-day, with his twinkling blue eyes, and the keen angular face of the typical yachtsman, he has come a long way from the plough.

The 23 lucky young people who sail with him have only to be just that—young, enthusiastic and amateurs.

These are far and away the best crew, says the Skipper. They are all naturally keen and anxious to learn. Always a few women are included amongst the crew members, but no more than four or five.

This is mainly to provide a home atmosphere, as well as being feminine company for Mrs. Johnson, who unfailingly accompanies her husband on his round-theworld journeys.

He said this was part of his good luck— to have found a wife who is as keen on the sea-going part of their lives as he is.

For the most part, however, the Yankee is a young man’s ship. __ ____ , ...... :TnTH a strong south-easter blowing, f? and all sails set, she made a spectacular entry into Rabaul Harbour on June 19. She leaves soon again for Lae.

The Yankee’s record for punctuality is an astounding one. On the first voyage they found themselves entering Boston Harbour to berth at the old sailing-ship wharf, right on time, exactly two years to the minute after their departure from the same wharf.

Although this was a co-incidence, the Skipper said to himself, “This is really something. We’ll stick to this!” And, except for the one regrettable occasion ™ hen they were twenty minutes late, they have. This year they hope to be right on time.

Departures always take place on a Sunday, so that friends and relatives can all be there to see everyone off.

The selection of the crew entails much study. First it is necessary to get to know the proposed “sailors” before taking them on board for two years. No articles are signed, anyone is entitled to walk off the ship if he or she feels like it. This, however, seldom occurs. The average number who leave, per trip, is one. This makes it necessary for the Skipper to be a pretty good psychologist, There are always plenty of cranks and nuts, he said, anxious to sign on.

Since she is a sailing ship, and the refrigeration is not extensive, it is never necessary to carry a ships’ engineer. “If we have one,” smiled the Skipper, “that’s just sheer luck. Otherwise I can look after that side of things myself. Likewise with the cook. Although we do always include a cook, should anything hapnen to him, my wife just carries on with the cooking. The only thing we insist upon having is a good Ships’ Doctor. This makes everyone feel good, and safe!”

TRYING JOHNSON’S colour photography 1 i s something else a farm boy might dream about. His eye for composition and colour is faultless, and of pure artistry.

During the weary 18 months between voyages this glowing pictorial record accompanies him on his lecture tours, all over the USA. Lecturing is what the Skipper calls his work—while he waits impatiently for that dream to start again.

“Why, if I were a millionaire,” he confided, “I guess I would just keep right on sailing, round and round the world!”

“Goodbye,” called the grey headed farm boy, as with a friendly wave, he turned to step aboard his dreamboat, “See you i n three years’ time . . .” it is indeed men like Irving Johnson, with his shipload of Yankee youth and vitality, who are the real ambassadors of their great country.

The Yankee with all sails set. 57 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Book Review:

One More Paradise

1F you liked James A. Michener’s Tales of the South Pacific, you will probably be interested in his second Pacific book which his publishers, with American single-mindedness, have labelled Return to Paradise. (Most American books about the Pacific include Paradise somewhere in their title and then set out to show that it can be anything but.) The Tales, which concerned Americans and their South Pacific war to the exclusion of all else, and in which the Hebrides and Solomons were merely the stage properties against which the story unfolds, was one of the most entertaining books of the Pacific war period.

Return to Paradise, however, concerns mainly Australians and New Zealanders at home or in their Islands, and Mr.

Michener, although his observations are penetrating and shrewd, does not yet know everything about these wild men.

Nonetheless, The Return has been chosen in America as the Book of the Month, and the story of preseht-day Guadalcanal has been reprinted in the Readers’ Digest.

A great many of the stories in the current volume have appeared in the American magazine Holiday, for which publication the author made a tour of the Pacific islands about two years ago.

Between each factual account of the various islands is a fictional story, based on some aspect of life therein and in this medium one feels that the author is happier; it also has the result that a measure of sex, ingredient indispensable to the interest of the American reader, is added.

ONE gets the impression, particularly in respect of what he writes about such places as New Guinea, that Michener took a fearful ear-bashing at the hands of numerous of the so-called Old Timers.

So strong is this impression that one can almost attribute certain passages to various gentlemen who, in the past, have bashed one’s own ears on similar subjects.

This feeling—that the book is based on hearsay rather than the author’s own experience—gives it a certain superficiality, but it does, on the other hand, allow some of the Islands’ hoariest stories to be dished up in new and interesting fashion.

The opinion of Papua-New Guinea residents on the subject of Anthropologists is well-known, and it is generally held that their pre-occupation with the sexual habits of the savage bodes no good, and that in their investigations—during which they live almost native—their enthusiasm is likely to carry them to any lengths.

Much dark muttering has gone on about every he or she Anthropologist who ever visited the Territory.

The fictional story of New Guinea con- PIM Crossquiz - No. 19 (Solution on Page 83) ACROSS 1. —What is the green rust of copper? 5. —What is an affectionate term for the sun? 6. Where, in Greece, was a famous battle fought between the Persians and Athenians in 490 8.C.? 7. —What is a sacred image in the Eastern Church? 9. —An additional clause? 10. —What is the last word of many prayers signifying “so be it”? 12. —What is the term for social distinction in India? 13. —What is Biblical food that has fallen from heaven? 14. —What is the sandy desert in Central Asia? 16. —Which contemporary American poet has Ogden for a Christian name? 19. —Who is the ruler Qf Yugoslavia? 20. —What is the sixteenth part of a rupee? 21. —Which Pope reformed the calendar?

DOWN 1. —What was the armour for forearms? 2. —What is the ornamental screen covering the wall at the back of the altar? 3. —Which adjective means “lying between”? 4. —-What is the fourth part of an acre? 5. —What was the term for any follower of the XVlth century Italian theologian, Socinus?

B.—What name is given to a person who has enriched himself in the East? 11, —Who was the leader of the Australian army at the end of the first World War? 13.—What was the name of an ironclad, heavily gunned and armoured for coast defence? 15.—What is the name of the constellation pictured as hunter with belt and sword? 17. What corundum is used for polishing? 18. What is the fortified Italian harbour on the Istria Peninsula? • cerns just such a Dame of the British Empire no less—who specialised in the natives at the headwaters of the Sepik. Others in the cast include an American (who just wanted to see the pygmies), a terrible Old Timer True, a Dutchman, up to no good, the local Luluai and his extraordinary daughter.

The denouement comes when it is revealed that the daughter is the offspring of the anthropologising DBE and the Luluai.

There have been numerous she-anthropologists in the Sepik district in the last 25 years. I hope none of them sues the author.

SOME of the men whom Michener met in the South West Pacific were of that loud-mouthed variety who have learned nothing from the last six years of post-war adjustment. The type, as he says, who roar, “The bloody government says I have to stop knocking down my niggers. They are nothing but animals— it’s the only way you can train the swine.”

We all know the type: the ear-bashing pest who has perennial “trouble with me boys.” Michener says this attitude is one of the two reasons why he would not choose to live in Melanesia (the other reason is lack of health services).

The author should not be put off so easily. The loud-mouthed customer makes most noise but he is the small minority. The majority have, and always had, their own method of dealing with their native labour which is satisfactory to both sides. Unfortunately, the Micheners and other casual observers report only the braying ass; the reformers follow up and the result is a set of impractical wouldbe reforming labour laws which have ham-strung such territories as P-NG since the war.

ABOUT Australia Michener has things to criticise in drinking habits, sport, speech, the 40-hour week, gambling, the formal dress of men (?), nineteenth century customs for women—most of it warranted. But where, oh where, Mr.

Michener can I see those surf beaches where the lifesavers pick up the dentures at low tide and put ’em in rows so the owners can claim them?

And another thing: You describe Australia as a land of abundant food—steaks so big, and lemons like melons and fish and lamb chops and fish. That was a couple of years ago—something you did not legislate for was our 40-hour week (or as you say more correctly, our 35 hour week) which has sneaked right up on us.

Right now I cannot buy butter or milk in this fair city of Sydney—the dairy farmers have left the country for the city; there are no potatoes or onions—the growers say there is no profit in them; the steaks are no longer so thick or so cheap and the lamb chop is a disappearing commodity because unfortunately, no one yet has bred a sheep which sheds its chops while continuing to grow wool.

Paradise, did you say? Tut, tut Mr.

Publisher. —J.T. (Return to Paradise, published by Random House, 457 Madison Ave., New York, $3.50.) Passengers booked for Sydney by Qantas aircraft leaving Honiara on July 24 include Mrs. Gregory-Smith, wife of the Resident Commissioner British Solomon Islands Protectorate, and Miss Susan Gregory-Smith, en route to the United Kingdom, and Mr. V. J. Andersen, until recently Secretary to Government, and Mrs. Andersen, who will spend leave in Australia and New Zealand. 58 JULY, 1951 - PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Dampier Passed

THAT WAY The Story of Kar Kar Island Told by Joan Stevens OUT of a mist of time and a drift of cloud, the massive bulk of Kar Kar Island seems to overshadow Madang on the Northern New Guinea coast.

Kar Kar is 6 000 feet high, and has two * r n a ™ rs /~ one at 4,000 feet, the other at 6,000 feet. I am told that the circumference of the larger one is the second largest in the world. According to William Dar TP™ r ’ 9 ne the craters was erupting m 1700, when he was around that way , ai l d J^ 16 - German Lutheran missionaries left diaries telling of the hazardous time they spent there in the eruption of 1895 These records seem to prove that the native belief that Kar Kar goes up about every 200 years has some basis in fact.

The natives believe that the volcano, if cross, veils himself in clouds, and. when furious, shows his spite by belching out fire, smoke and ash.

Directly north of Madang, the island ha,s some magnetism that draws the eyes and tickles the interest. At times it is so moody that it disappears altogether. hiL,? th ? r r are occasions, it flaunts its m ., T 8 cl J; ar triangle of blue. At twilight, it is often bathed in gossamer pink and grey clouds reflecting themselves in a rose-coloured bay. At noon, heat OmS * n a baze of steam and R o \f gend J l ?® a native couple, fprncc ? nd far, far back, walked across from Gragad Island, on the then land bridge to Kar Kar, to a Tn 6r }b Tlred ’ they cam P ed there n S 6 ™ rnm g they wakened * hat a Blg , Tlde bad come up and, nerild S i om w tmy islands - had sub- V£ nd con necting them to the ih^ii d 'i. After . making a canoe - they home to find many of their latl lf?’ homeless and hungry from the * lg They persuaded them to reurn to the southern slopes of Kar Kar. pie natives on the northern shores of mts o? n ? seheve5 eheve *bat they are descend- S ° f f a group of natives that made a If?* canoes to set off avoyaging in lialeSs n of al thp a M fi< ;T Skin textures a n d uaiects of the North and South peonle -re completely different. The Southerners •emg more closely knit in language td Jut G livirfff dS n^ a^ giars and Reiwosut living on Kar Kar through manv entunes, they had built up their customs superstitions and beliefs even a 6 r f i or %> nparby waters were visited by arly European explorers. y • the first visitors were Spaniards, m their colourful but cumbersome galleons—Alvaro de Saavedra, in 1527 from Mexico, trying to find two Spanish explorers who were lost in an expedition to claim the Moluccas. Saavedra died, but !?i S^ 0U . r u al stains a report of the coast of Northern New Guinea—discovered two years previously by a Portuguese.

The Dutchmen Schouten and Le Maire arrived thereabouts in 1616. Their descriptions of violent weather, volcanoes and islands closely suggest the Kar Kar area but as they were ignorant of their position one cannot be certain.

In 1642-3 Tasman was in the area. He describes how he traded for hogs, fowls and fruit with natives in outriggers.

MANY Kar Kar residents believe that the Englishman William Dampier landed on the island in 1700. I would like to believe this, too, but I can find no record of it in history books or in Dampier s journals.

Kar Kar s second name is “Dampier” and how it came by it I know not. On numerous occasions in his own story of his voyage from what is now New Britain up the mainland coast of New Guinea Dampier records that they anchored, but o-iniSPS g 0 as b°re. Reefs and other navigational hazards were sometimes the cause, but more often than not, the reason was the hostile natives—or fear of same.

It is comparatively easy to pin-point n^ G ° f h e y mad e P around S P mn ta S’ a^ d hIS J° Urnal tells Of numerous burning mountains,” but the out d n£ e h°r ls own story seems to rule belief that he landed anywhere in Madang waters.

The German Lutheran Missionaries 2 “to the Kar Kar picture in 1890 established their station at Kulabob—only to disband it again in the mid-nineties after a violent eruption WOVEN into the legend of Kar Kar J sland are stories of treasures hidnlQ , de £ by the Spaniards, chests of gold planted by Dampier and treasured household goods buried by Australians during the Second World War.

One plantation owner told me of a treasure hunt that he made to a haunted t0 A supposedly lit by diamonds in the u° p of pn f a f p te ; an arduous trip to the grotto, he entered holding a string that he had tied to a tree outside, and carrying a torch. The ghosts immediately bashed him on the head.

On recovery he discovered that his assailants were flying-foxes and that the reputed diamonds in the roof were glow worms.

Kar Kar Schmidt now retired from New Guinea it was who planted up many of the beautiful plantations.

It is a grand island, wind tossed, storm swept, where the soil is recognised as among the most fertile in New Guinealayers of volcanic soil and ash. Most of the coconut plantations are around the coast and climbing onto the foothills.

Cocoa trees have been planted under the palms. At the moment there are two missions established on the island—the Roman Catholic and the Lutheran Missions. 11HE natives, aided by Europeans, have built up a saw mill and a copra producing business. After a superficial survey, they are a deceptively easy crowd to handle but deeper acquaintance reveals a kind of restless sophistication that is difficult to define. Full of only half-repressed leanings towards sorcery and black magic, in spite of mission influence, they are curiously advanced in their desire to be first to try out such European innovations as schools, baby clinics, injections, immunisations and other modern ideas.

As I look far out to sea from Madang, Kar Kar Island is blanketed in the grey mists of the wet season but there is nothing to suggest that it will not dazzle us at any moment by flaunting its entire bulk, sport puffs of clouds or clothe itself in a haze of illusion that pretends that it can float a little way above the sea.

Captain Matthews, who has a boatbuilding and pleasure-fishing business in Gladstone, Queensland, has been seen in recent months in the ports of the Solomons, New Guinea and Papua. He was in Sydney in July, and he said that there is a great demand for small, powered craft in the Islands; and, when he gets the order to supply one, he usually delivers the boat himself. He now is gone to Darwin to deliver another little ship He • told the PIM, with a faraway gleam in his eye, that he thought “Joe Bourke’s new brewery in Papua, designed to supply the Territories with their essential foodstuff, is going to make a fortune”!

Long Island—looking towards the Madang coast. 59 ACI F I C ISLANDS MONTH I. Y-JULY, 1951

Murdock of the Gilbert Islands By William Burrows 1 FIRST met Murdock at Tarawa, where he had come from his home in the island of Kurai to get treatment by that able Fijian doctor Sowani (later decorated with the ISO on his retirement) who was in charge of the only hospital in the Group.

It was in 1920 when, a newcomer to the islands, I was spending a short time in Tarawa, before taking up my appointment as Deputy Commissioner of the Ellice and Tokelau Islands.

At that time, the normal communication in the islands was sustained by trading schooners, mostly owned by Messrs. Burns Philp There was no Government vessel stationed in the group, but the schooners were comfortable and well-run.

With S. F. Anderson (an old-timer in the Gilberts) Sowani and Murdock (who at one period had acted as Resident Commissioner) I was more than content to spend some weeks in Tarawa and absorb as much of the local life as possible.

Murdock and I found ourselves travelling in a BP schooner and, on the voyage to Kuria, he told me of his experiences, and how he had become a life-long resident. He was then a well preserved man of sixty. This was his story, told in the quiet evenings of the voyage;— AS a youngster, I was an apprentice in sail, and I left Aberdeen on my first —and, I may say, last—voyage in a full rigged ship bound for San Francisco round the Horn, and thence to Sydney, New South Wales. The ship was wellfound, and well-manned. The other three apprentices and I in the half-deck were not bullied by either the Mate or the Captain; although we did have a wholesome fear of the latter. Neither did the Horn treat us too badly, and we reached San Francisco in a time which was well short of the average of those days.

Very few ships were able to keep their crews whilst in San Francisco at that period. The high wages and opportunities open to men who were prepared to work, were too alluring, and ships were frequently held up for long periods, waiting for a crew. And, when they got a crew, it consisted of failures and deadbeats of the town, usually “shanghaied” on board by agents.

Anyhow, that is what happened to us. and when we finally left on the next leg of our voyage the atmosphere on board was entirely different. The crew were a sullen, quarrelsome lot; insubordination and fights frequent.

There was one particular able seaman named Scarson who, after refusing duty, was nearly killed by the Mate and afterwards dealt with by the Old Man. It was whispered that whilst recovering from his injuries in the fo’castle he swore that he would “get” the captain before the ship reached Sydney.

The usual course of a sailing ship from San Francisco, bound for Sydney, takes her through the Gilbert Islands; and this was the course we were on. One night, when we were a few days’ to the eastward of the Gilberts—under all plain sail with a light breeze on the quarter and in perfect weather —the watch on deck, of which I was one, were lying about asleep, except the helmsman and lookout.

I myself was curled up close under the break of the poop, when, at about two bells in the middle' watch, I was awakened by the sound of a scuffle. As I jumped up I heard a shot and I ran across the deck in the direction of the noise.

It was too dark to see until I found myself standing close to the Captain, who had a revolver in his hand. Lying on the deck in front of him was Scarson, dead.

No one could have seen what had taken place except myself and, actually, I had only been properly awakened by the sound of the shot.

PERHAPS Scarson had been waiting for the Captain to come out on deck.

It was a habit of his to take a walk round at odd times during the night.

Then, how was it he had a revolver in his hand? I don’t know. Anyhow, I was the only possible witness, and I was made to feel a very important and unsatisfactory one when cross-questioned next morning.

The Captain, therefore, decided I would be better out of the way, and I was to be marooned on one of the Gilbert Islands.

An entry in the ship’s log to the effect that I was “lost overboard” would satisfy the authorities in Sydney, and would in no way be connected with the tragedy which had occurred. Of course, I knew nothing about this plan, and even if I had, I could have done nothing about it.

A few days later, the ship passed southward of Abemama Lagoon and rounded up close to an islet on the westward fringe of the reef. Here, with a few minutes’ notice only, I was put in one of the ship’s boats with my gear, some food, a bottle of water and a box of matches, and told I should be left there. I was landed on the beach, the boat returned to the ship, and I saw her square away and disappear to the westward.

IF ever a boy felt lonely and frightened, it was me at that moment. I knew nothing whatever about the natives and pictured them as cannibals, at least. The islet I was on was quite small; just a patch of sand with a few coconut trees on the reef.

It took no more than a few minutes to explore, and I found nothing of interest Across the lagoon, about three miles away, was the large island. Obviously, people lived there. Whatever else might happen, I could not exist where I was for more than a day or two, and the added fear of starvation drove me into a panic.

Then I remembered the matches and I gathered some dry twigs and coconut fronds which I lit on the beach, facing the main island. This would at any rate let the natives know that some one was on the islet. No sleep that night; but the fire was company, and warming.

EARLY next morning, a canoe arrived with four men. Without speaking, they literally picked up me and my belongings and threw us into the canoe. This treatment did not allay my fears, as can be imagined, but I had a surprise on reaching the village. There I was taken no particular notice of, and I was handed over to the King’s women to be looked after. Practically a prisoner, but not treated unkindly.

At that time the King of Abemama was a complete autocrat, who ruled the three islands of Abemama, Kuria and Aranuka with great cruelty. He was hated and feared by all his people, but kept himself secure by having a bodyguard consisting of women. He also kept all firearms inside his palace, which was constructed almost as a fort. He owned a cutter, commanded by a European, which traded to Auckland and which brought him gin, clocks, rifles and ammunition.

I remember once seeing him trying out his new rifles, the targets being a gang of his slaves who were on the reef about a hundred yards from the palace. They were cutting slabs of coral for a wharf, and he would pick off a man or two who did not appear to be working hard enough.

He knew he was being swindled by the captain of his cutter but, being quite illiterate, could do nothing about it. He At Top: Agnes Murdoch, who was born in a tank and lived to marry the King of Abemama. This photograph, taken by PIM editor in 1941, shows her with her two sons. The lower photograph shows Agnes as a young woman lately returned from school in California. On the right is her father.

They are on the schooner Nuevo Tigre which had been sailed to Tarawa by the notorious Mortelmans and Skerrett, who had murdered the rest of the crew on the way from Souh America.

It was Murdoch, then Acting Chief of Police, who arrested them as pirates. 60 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

trusted none of his men and his bodyguard were as ignorant of figures as he was.

Then, one day, he thought of a use which could be made of me. I was to be his accountant, and I was confronted with a large tin box full of invoices, letters and accounts, and told to get on with it. I had no knowledge of bookkeeping; but it did not seem advisable to say so, and I was glad at having something to do. Indeed, it was not long before I was recognised as the King’s Treasurer; no longer a prisoner, but a man of some consequence.

Of course, I longed to get away, but the chances of doing so were very few and far between. I was prevented from leaving by the King on the one or two opportunities which did occur, until I had been in Abemama for over three years.

THEN a schooner came in, which was bound for Tarawa. I think perhaps that the King had begun to suspect me and, quite suddenly, he said I could go.

Needless to say, I went straight on board and found that the schooner was German, with trade goods for a store in Tarawa owned by a German firm. Not that that made any difference to me; and, when it was found that the storekeeper was down with dysentery on our arrival at Tarawa, I gladly accepted the job of manager.

At that time Tarawa was split into two “kingdoms,” the north and the south. My store was situated on some land which was considered neutral, between the opposing forces. Here I settled down comfortably and married a woman of the country.

The north and the south were almost always at war, but it was a desultory sort of war; flared up with a raid or two and then quieting down again for a while.

I did very well out of this, because neither side knew that I was supplying the other with the necessary muskets, ball and powder.

This desirable state of affairs could not last indefinitely and, when one side found out that the other was being treated equally well, both sides decided to have a scrap for my store. This was very awkward, for on the night that bullets began to hit the house, my wife was about to be confined with our first child.

Muskets with powder used sparingly do not have much penetrating power, and I was wondering where would be the safest place to put my wife when I remembered the brand new 400 gal. tank which was empty and waiting to be installed. Into this I put her and there, safe from bullets, she gave birth to a daughter during the night.

THE only thing to do was to try and get away, so I sent my Gilbertese servant to get the boat ready on the inside beach, and to put water and food into her.

As I had thought probable, the battle did not continue all night. About an hour before dawn, I, with family and servant, slipped unobserved out of the nouses and into the boat. A fair wind took us out of the lagoon, and I decided to make for Abaiang. This island is somethmg over a hundred miles from Tarawa, out the wind was a fair one and we got there comfortably. My wife and child were none the worse, and after a rest in :he house of a storekeeper who kindly :ook us in, we were quite fit.

Here I fell on my feet. The storekeeper represented a firm that was ex- :ending its activities and the number of (Continued on Page 81.) Tromcalities HOME builders these days do not need to go looking for trouble, for they are assured of their full quota from the moment they peg out the ground.

But one resident of Port Moresby cut himself an extra big slice of trouble when he put the first pegs into the ground. By the time the pegs had given away to piles, and a house built on top, he discovered that he had built so far off his lease boundaries that he was actually on another man’s land. Then the headache spread to the Lands Department whose help was enlisted in trying to find a way out of the problem. The experts were still puzzling out the problem when this despatch was written —PM.

NON-OFFICIAL persons in the British Solomons do not think much of the Government-controlled “Trade Scheme” (which has taken the place there of the big private stores, since World War II ended and Socialism took control of the British Empire). They call it “The Trade Shame.”

MR. LEONARD MORAN, who over the years has befriended hundreds of Island visitors to Sydney, says that the reason why a number of the Fijian and other Island boxers have Anglicised their names when fighting in Australia, is because they fear that no Australian could get his tongue around Atunaissa and similar appellations.

He says, however, that the name business can have its humorous side in Polynesia. He recalls meeting a part-Samoan in Auckland who had the same name as his mother’s mother (who came from Tipperary). He told the Samoan that his ancestress had the same name and was thereupon adopted. The Islander afterwards always introduced Moran as his relative.

THE Commonwealth Government is seeking 50 carpenters for work on Manus Island.

We cannot tell you the duties but the rewards include free return plane trip, free movies, free transport, free sporting equipment, beer at 1/7 per bottle, board and lodging at 16/6 per week and taxfree wages of £2O/3/0.

As Walt Whitman said: ‘ O Pioneers, O Pioneers!”

According to Lieut.-colonel n. p.

Maddem, CO of the P-NG Volunteer Rifles, the Giant Snails which have plagued local planters since the end of the war, may be a blessing in disguise.

All new recruits to the PNGVR are expected to learn to live off the country and. according to the CO, boiled, baked or fried, snails are “mighty good kai.”

Colonel Maddern, who was a POW in Malava is an authority on the culinary possibilities of snails; but, so far, recruits to the Volunteers show no signs of developing his enthusiasm for the slimy pests.

Teaching recruits to live off the land will be generally applauded. It will be remembered that members of the 22nd Battalion, AIF, when forced to take to the New Britain bush after the occuoation of Rabaul in 1942, literally starved to death in sight of edible plants which they failed to recognise as food.

Recruiting for the PNGVR is going on steadily in all Territory centres. Route marches—accompanied by the usual contingents of natives and dogs and the perennial query, “Masta, when this fight ’e start?” have been held in Port Moresby, Rabaul and Lae.

THE Germans, who specialise in making anything from nothing, can now make gas from compost heaps which is capable of running farm tractors and providing fuel for a gas stove.

Someone has suggested that because places like New Guinea and the Solomons have a lot of vegetation and a lot of heat, which helps it to ferment quickly, there may be something in the idea for tropical dwellers.

The cost of running a tractor on this gas is about one-fifth the price of petrol; and in the stove, gas costing one-fifth of a penny did the work of 1 KW of electricity.

Farm waste is composted in cubicles or rotting chambers where the waste gasses given off are collected in holding tanks.

From the tanks the gas is usually compressed into high-pressure cylinders.

Experiments have shown that a chamber 13 ft. x 13 ft. x 13 ft. gave off 50 cubic metres of gas per day.

It sounds slightly more cumbersome than driving up to the petrol pump. But remembering the evil “Gas-producers” of World War 11, and dwelling for an unpleasant moment on what is going on in Persia, we can file the idea away for future reference. Anything to keep the wheels turning! (Continued next page.) Monsieur jules jocteur, one of the characters who give such an mtriguing flavour to the New Hebrides, has just completed his Government service as French District Agent at Tanna, and is going back into commercial life.

Jules and his wife, formerly Viner McCoy, both come from families long established in the Condominium. They have decided to settle on Tanna, having bought the trading business of George Forestier and lso J property at Blacksands—BßETT WILDER. 61 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

THAT idea first mooted by J. T. Lang when he was premier of New South Wales, that the superabundant rainfall of Papua should be piped into dry Australia, is being persisted with.

When Sir James Disney, Lord Mayor of Melbourne, said, at the quarterly meeting of his City Council, in May, that water from New Guinea should be piped into Australia he aroused a roar of laughter; but Sir James went on:— “This might be just a pipe-dream, but after all ‘Pluto’ —the pipeline under the ocean—was successful during the war for piping oil across the English Channel.

“I for one do not believe that the heart of Australia is dead, and such a pipeline would allow for great development.

“Australia’s population must be built up to 25 million if the nation is to survive.”

April Weather By Ernest E. Bush OH to be in England, now that April’s here!”

We in Apia were beginning to join with Browning, in his desire to be anywhere but where he was. April conjured up for the poet balmy days, pleasant spring-time scenes, light spring showers.

Memories of April in 1951 conjure up for us in Samoa thoughts of thunder and lightning—terrifying storms that even in retrospect cause a shudder. And the heat!

Old timers say it has been a hot summer. It was no use saying the sun had passed the Equator, and it would be cooler now. The sun may have passed the Equator—but it wasn’t any cooler. We had bright, sunny, cloudless days (the thunder-storms and rain usually came at night).

Steadily, wavering only slightly, the thermometer held to its mark. Lazily, the breeze stirred the coconut fronds. All else was still. Daily we said we could expect the Trades any time now.

With yearning gaze, we looked to the south-east. A stirring caused us jubilantly to say, “At last! The Trades!” But it was a false alarm. The trades just wouldn’t blow.

AND now the official meteorological report and summary has been published. It doesn’t give us much measure to know that two records have been made. Lugubriously we read that we had 15 days of thunder and lightning, with an additional four days with lightning only; and that this meteorological outburst creates a record for this month “since 1890, when observations began.”

Nor are we consoled to read that “the extreme maximum temperature of 90.2 deg. Fahr. is the highest temperature recorded since 1922, when 91.2 deg. Fahr. was reached.”

The thermometer wavered a few degrees either side of 87.1 deg. Fahr. by day. and 75.4 deg. by night, giving a mean of 80.9. The average wind velocity was 3.6 miles per hour, though we had one easterly that came with a rush of 33 mph.

And sunshine—227 hours are recorded; the normal for April is 209.4 hours. Apia will be able to advertise in newspapers of the world—“ Come to Samoa for the Winter. 227 hours of sunshine in April!”

Twenty-four days had more than 6 hours of sunshine, although rain fell on 19 days, giving a total of 11 in.

The records, therefore, only confirm what we know from experience—that it was a hot month, flavoured with violent thunderstorms.

THE summary, however, has one consoling feature. Under “Miscellaneous Phenomena,” it records that no waterspouts occurred in April.

Territories’ Talk-Talk By Tolala IN this push-button age, when laboursaving devices outstrip the nationalised plants for generating the power to make these gadgets work, there comes a comforting reassurance from far-off NG.

Administrator Murray mentions the possibitily of major secondary industries using hydro-electric power from the Territories “long before the Snowy Mountains scheme is completed.”

He says that such a plan may be set up following a survey to be made by the NG Resources Prospecting Co., which will work in conjunction with the Australian government and the British Aluminium Co. “Power potential,” he added, “is practically limitless in the Territory.”

This was a pet subject of Papua’s most competent geologist the late Evan R.

Stanley which he urged in his report to the League of Nations early in the twenties. He suggested harnessing the Fly and Sepik rivers. It seemed very much like a pipe-dream in those days.

But Evan R. had his head screwed on rightly. A pity more attention had not been paid to his recommendations.

PORT Moresby’s airport runway is to be reconstructed, and the cost is put down at £30,000, according to Acting Civil Aviation Minister Anthony. It will be interesting to see what the final figures are when the job is completed. lan Grabowski, one-time general manager of Guinea Airways at Lae, must have a quiet chuckle to himself these days when he sees how air transport (which he foretold years ago) has developed. lan’s present interest is air-freighting beef from Northern Queensland to the coast.

MORESBY must have presented a gay and festive front during the King’s Birthday celebrations, according to reports in the local paper, and the ceremonial drill of RPC would be worth watching.

Apparently, Sandy Sinclair has by no means lost his punch since the old pre-war days in Rabaul, and Bandmaster Crawley can take another bow.

The report mentions the firing of a feu de joie for the first time in Papua.

This occurred on several occasions in Rabaul at various ceremonials; was introduced by that old soldier, Colonel Johnny Walstab, Superintendent of Police at the time and was carried out with eclat.

The best ceremonial I remember in Rabaul was to celebrate the King’s Coronation in May, 1937, when all the streets were festooned with bunting and scores of full-sized Australian flags were flying everywhere. An outstanding feature of that day’s celebrations was a long parade of decorated floats, made up of every imaginable type of vehicle, representing all sorts of weird and wonderful subjects.

A fine show was made by one car, which was entirely covered in frangipanni blossoms; while a truck, depicting the “Two Mile Limit” (a somewhat contentious topic concerning trading stations in those days), showed a typical, primitive trading station, with natives cutting copra.

Mr. Justice Phillips was one of the iudges of the procession; and, by this time, he should have a comprehensive photographic record of ceremonials in the Territories, A UGUST 1 is the dead-line for a tightening up of road safety precautions in the Territory. In a summary of the regulations I see no mention made of push-bikes ridden by natives.

In the B 4 days in Rabaul, native cyclists became a veritable menace, both to pedestrians and motorists, until the Police stepped in and put them under control issuing permits only to thoes who had a knowledge of the Rules of the Road, and after a test had been passed.

It was a good idea; and I expect that native cyclists have not improved with the years.

THE inauguration of motor traffic regulations in the Territory reminds me of the time, in the early thirties, 1 think, when the owner of the one and only motor vehicle in Madang was prosecuted for not having a tail-light!

Going further back to the days when there was only one motor car in the Rabaul district, one recalls the frightened, bewildered natives scurrying into the bush off the Kokopo Road, when the sounds of the “steamer belong bush” heralded the advent of Herr Wahlen’s car, travelling to and from Gunantambu and Rabaul.

Ah, those were the leisurely—but happy —days!

I RECEIVED a letter the other day from Rabaul. I was puzzled at first; the handwriting could have been my own.

Then I recalled it came from a native lad, who worked for me in the days gone by, and to whom I had taught the mysteries of the Three R’s. Strange how natives’ penmanship so much resembles that of their teacher. I’ll wager the caligraphy of the majority of the older natives around Nodup much resembles that fine pen-man and teacher —J. H. L. Waterhouse, who long since has gone to his rest.

It was an interesting letter, this from my old servant, and he gave an informative cross-section of local opinion in Rabaul from the natives viewpoint.

They appear there to be suffering from an abundance of regulations and controls, even as we do here in Australia, and the matter of village councils appears to be a bit of a headache in some areas.

I’m glad I taught him to write. It is good to have a real neutral opinion on things that are happening up there.

SYDNEY Columnist, David McNicoll, gave both Lae and Moresby some publicity recently on his return from reporting the Jap hangings at Manus. He had some nice things to say about the country. David made his first trip to NG in ’37, when he accompanied Governor- General Lord Gowrie on a tour after the Rabaul eruption. He has gone a long way since those days—in more ways than one.

M. L. McCOLM, MHR for Bowan, Queensland, is an ardent advocate of NG development. Speaking in the House last month he said NG should be developed in preference to northern Queensland, WA or NT. “It is more imnortant.”

And, apropos of NG development.

Administrator Murray was quoted recently over the air as saying he was prepared to hand over a tea factory in NG to private enterprise. That sounds encouraging.

Also, Minister Hasluck stated in the House last month that steps were being taken to make more land available in NG for settlement.

The main question appears to be one of making conditions a little less grim for the settlers who are already there.

Especially when one reads of 120,000 bags 62 JULY, 1951. PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

of copra accumulated on plantations; and, as a result of this shipping shortage, some of the estates having to close down.

THE arrival of the US brigantine Yankee at Lae at the end of last month adds but another worldcruising yacht to the already long list which have called at NG ports during the last couple of decades.

One of the first of these pleasure craft to drop its pick in Rabaul was the Speejacks, owned by an American—a cement tycoon—and aboard was a young Melbourne newspaperman, Dale Collins, who has turned out to be one of Australia’s most successful story-writers.

He was introduced to Rabaul during an Easter holiday period in the early twenties, when the holiday spirit really did prevail. Everything, except the pubs and clubs, had closed down for about four days and the welkin was ringing with a vengeance. Collins was quite impressed— even for a newspaperman—and then went on his way to write his first book, “Sea Tracks of the Speejacks.”

"We’re Waiting for Ships . . .”

We’ve copra in the driers, We’ve copra in the shed, And if ’twere not already there We’d have it ’neath the bed.

We’ve copra in the lorry, Coming down each trip; But most of all we’d like to see Some copra in a ship.

We’ve copra in the coconuts, We’ve copra on the brain; It stands about in sacksful, It stands about in rain.

We’ve got it cut in little hunks, We’ve got it cut in strips: But most of all we’d like to see It sitting down in ships.

We’ve copra in the meatsafe, We’ve copra in the bath We’ve copra in the cabbage patch And down the garden path We’ve got it in the house, now While we all live in huts; Dur nuts they are not going— We’re all just going nuts.

NOELLE TAYLOR.

'Jew Guinea.

Mr. V. J. Shearwin, Acting-Treasurer )f the British Solomon Islands Proectorate, was awarded the MBE in the Birthday Honours. Originally a Sydney •esident, he joined the BSIP Government it Tulagi more than 25 years ago as a and Customs Officer, and is well mown and respected throughout the protectorate.

Stevenson Did Not Die From TB In Samoa By His Step-Daughter, Isabel Field THE Oceanic Steamship line, about 1893, put three large, fine passenger-ships into service between San Francisco and Sydney. They had been stopping at Apia, Western Samoa, our sea-port, for several months before it happened that my step-father and I were in town when the Alameda was in port.

I suggested that we go on board; for I knew now much my friend, Captain Morse, wanted to meet Robert Louis Stevenson. He had told me that on every trip, as his ship neared Samoa, the passengers had asKed him about the great author—what he looked like, did he have a Scotch brogue, was he friendly, would he come aboard ship? Captain Morse said he was ashamed to tell them that, though he had been in command of the Alameda for more than six months, he had never seen Mr. Stevenson.

“But,” he complained to me with some bitterness, “it was my ship that brought the cargo of California red-wood that built their fine house, and it was my ship that carried all that furniture that came from two houses. I was beginning to think that the Alameda, the handsomest liner on the Pacific Ocean, was no better than a cargo ship for the Stevensons!”

Louis (as we all called him, pronouncing it “Lewis”), agreed to go on board; and I was pleased, because I knew that we’d be enthusiastically welcomed. We were, indeed.

Captain Morse, a fine-looking, jovial man, showed us into his cabin, which was soon filled with curious and interested passengers; for the news had quickly circulated that Robert Louis Stevenson was in the Captain’s cabin.

I remember that occasion vividly, for it was the first time that I saw my beloved step-father, so simple and unaffected at home, take his position as a celebrity.

I looked at him critically, and thought he looked very nice. He wore Bedford cords, a riding habit he had been fitted for in Sydney. He wore silver spurs on his high-laced riding-boots, and carried a whip with a silver handle. His hair was not long, as he had been forced to wear it in Europe, where he had been too ill to sit up and have it neatly shingled, as it was now. It was light brown in colour, thick, and was just long enough to show a slight curl that was very becoming.

I was proud of him and took a careful note of his appearance and that of the surrounding crowd of passengers—some of whom were sitting on the floor—for I knew that this was a scene I’d be called on to describe to the family when we returned home.

Louis himself was perched on the side wits among the passengers. It was a gay scene, interrupted by a messenger from the purser, asking to see Mr. Stevenson for a few minutes about some letters Then he left; and I’ll never forget Captain Morse’s comments; “So that was Robert Louis Stevenson! He isn’t at all what I expected. I thought he’d come in solemn and pompous, the great man looking down his nose at the likes of us. He’s so young! And so good-looking! Why he’s just a jolly boy! I like him!”

A shout came from the crowd of passengers like a chorus; “So do we!” of the Captain’s bunk. The numerous, excited questions hurled at him he answered so humorously that we were soon all laughing, for there were a few Although she now is 94 years of age, Robert Louis Stevenson’s famous stepdaughter, Isobel Field, takes still a keen interest in world affairs. To her home at El Mirasol, Santa Barbara, California, there goes a flood of correspondence, from imany countries; and, despite her failing sight, Mrs. Field keeps in touch by letter with a host of friends.

Recently, a Scottish journal asked Mrs.

Field for something about her life with the Stevensons in Western Samoa; and the attached article is what she wrote.

To her indignation, the cautious Celtic editor sent it back to her—he would not believe the story.

“I suppose, if I had described RLS, while in Samoa, as a pallid, miserablydressed consumptive, it would have been accepted.” writes Mrs. Field, when sending this article to the editor of the PIM. ‘‘l assure you that every word I have written is true.

“Mr. Stevenson recovered his health in Samoa, and wrote many articles bragging about his fine appetite, and his rides on Jack, his lively pony. He joined in a paper-chase, rode to town several times a week, and attended the parties given in Apia; and, when he died, it was from thrombosis—which could not happen to a consumptive. ‘‘The fantastic tales—that his horse was a cheap old bony nag that could hardly walk, that he smoked 80 cigars a day, that he taught King Kalekaua to play poker so that he could win his money— these and many more were from unscrupulous writers who never saw him and drew on their imagination. ‘‘The people to believe are those who knew him—like Barrie, and Henry James, and the artist, Will Low. who wrote ‘Old Friendships.’ Another great friend was Edmund Gosse, the poet, who sent us a book dedicated to RLS—and I shall never forget how beautifully Louis read the poem beginning:— “ ‘By strange pathways God has led thee, Tusitala.’ ”

Mrs. Field is mentioned many times in ‘ The Vailima Letters.” Stevenson called her. variously: Mrs. Strong (her first married name). My Daughter, The Amenuensis, Teuila, and Belle.

This description ef Stevenson’s health in Samoa, and the manner of his death, is of considerable interest. The story that he actually died from tuberculosis in Samoa has been almost generally accepted.

Hence, presumably, the rejection of the MS by the Scottish editor.

Stevenson took up residence in Western Samoa in 1890, and died suddenly there on December 3, 1894.

Photograph taken in Sydney of the Stevenson household. From left to right: Mrs. Stevenson, RLS, Mrs. Field and Stevenson’s mother. This old photograph was unearthed from the files of a Sydney photographer a couple of years ago.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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She thought she needed "medicines . but it was reallv V Doctors and Nutrition *- Aperts w p( agree that although we are blessed with an abundance of food, "Hidden Hunger" is far more common than most people realise. They say also that you can satisfy your hunger by having three meals every day—and still not satisfy your body's needs. When we eat the wrong kind of foods, or not enough of the right kind, then we suffer from "Hidden Hunger"—and our system is hungry for certain essential food elements in our daily diet. This means that while we may not feel actually ill, we ore never really well —and seldom look our best.

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Making The Guadalcanal

CLUB PAY Hamlet, Galloping Crabs and Square Dancing All Help THE new Guadalcanal Club, which was opened in March, replacing the old leaf building which burned down in 1949, has added a good deal to the entertainment of the small European community in Honiara, British Solomon Islands.

Five or six very successful dances have been held there. On one evening, the Club was loaned by the Committee for an amateur theatrical performance, held, partly, to see what sort of show local European residents could put on; and partly to raise funds to add to the Club’s somewhat meagre bank account. Many rehearsals had been held in the two months before the show, which turned out to be extraordinarily good.

In order to avoid copyright complications, some of the short plays and duologues had been written by the performers.

The stage was a hastily constructed dais made of timber borrowed from the PWD and effective improvised stage lighting was also arranged by PWD technicians in their spare time.

The performers did not attempt anything too long or ambitious and the evening sailed along to a successful conclusion without even the technical hitches usual in amateur theatricals. A surprising amount of local talent came to light and the show was a credit both to organisers and actors. One of the most amusing and unexpected items was the ghost scene from Hamlet, in Pidgin English and performed by Government administrative officers.

Square dancing has also caught on among some of the Club members, and several times a week one or two sets are made up and a local “caller” puts them through their paces. These enthusiasts feel now that they could join in adequately if square dancing is still popular when they go on leave.

ANOTER diversion on one Saturday evening was crab racing. Improvised “stalls” were constructed out of scrap plywood for the runners: a barrier when lifted, released them.

Small landcrabs, collected beforehand, each had a number painted in white on its back, and the “course” was a space six feet by twenty enclosed with plywood.

A small totalisator operated during the evening, with shilling tickets.

The “horses” caused mild consternation among some of the Club’s lady members by wriggling out of their stalls and joining the onlookers in the members’ stand. There were eight races on the programme and the tote’s percentage of profit went to Club funds.

One member said, thoughtfully, that it would have been more exciting with large coconut crabs as runners. However, the small ones, with a good deal of spirited sideways prancing and some doubt about where the winning post was, provided a good deal of fun.

Doping was strictly forbidden, and one horse was disqualified because it had been given a gin and water. Just as the teetotallers (very rare in Honiara) always say, it did it no good, and the poor thing died.

Mr. F. W. P. Roe, who has, for some years, been manager of Bums Philp (South Seas) Co. in Rotuma has been transferred to Tonga where he will become manager of the Vavau branch of the Company. 66 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC INLANDS MONTHLY

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Kokopo New Britain G. G. SMITH & CO. LIMITED Port Moresby Papua Origin of the Polynesians Tin* following interesting speculation occurs in an article on Tonga, in the May issue of the magazine Corona: THERE is relatively little disease and almost no crime of any consequence.

In fact, the only blots on an apparently model society would seem to be a shortage of pure water and a plethora Df corrugated iron, both of which seem to be inevitable features of even the most carefully regulated tropics.

It would be interesting to know where :he Tongans qame from in the very far- 3ff days. The official account, given in ;he Annual Reports, says that their early listory is “shrouded in myth,” except -hat an authentic list of Kings goes back or a thousand years. These Kings ruled )ver “a vast area of Polynesia,” their >ower was absolute, and they left memjrials of great stones and their royal )urial grounds.

The greatest of these memorials is the tfa’amonga, which probably dates from he thirteenth century. It consists of wo great upright coral stones, about sixeen feet tall, with another, nineteen feet ong, laN. across the top and mortised into hem. The uprights are thought to yeigh between 30 and 40 tons.

The royal burial grounds are four-sided nounds, faced by huge blocks of coral and ismg in terraces to a height of up to wenty feet. These stones are of immense /eight and could only have been built by arge numbers of men and a people skilled i the use of rollers and levers. Tradition ays that many of the stones came from he reefs of distant islands.

It was, in fact, these and other island raditions of migration from the East— and the monoliths on Easter Island— which led Thor Heyerdahl to organise the Kon-Tiki expedition in an attempt to solve this mystery of Polynesian origins.

A s to the value of his contribution we must await the verdict of the scientists, but meanwhile no one who has sat up in the small, still hours, enthralled by his great stor y’ could bear not to believe that Heyerdahl is right and that the Polynesians did come on rafts of balsawood from the coast of South America.

Speculation apart, it is known that about the fifteenth century one of the Tui Tonga, as the ancient kings were called, devolved most of his executive powers on to his brother and retained only his spiritual functions. For four hundred 67 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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King’S Birthday At Honiara

Prom Our Own Correspondent THE King’s Birthday was celebrated this year in the British Solomon Islands on June 8.

This holiday is marked every year by a flag parade at the Rove Police Depot and Training School, a mile out of Honiara, held with all the ceremony possible in a small settlement.

A Guard of Honour of the Solomon Islands Armed Constabulary is mounted, The Resident Commissioner makes a short speech, the Union flag is hauled down and the Royal Standard broken out, and the assembled company (which includes most Honiara residents and all Government officials) sings God Save the King.

Against the Rove background of green lawn and foothills, the little ceremony is reasonably impressive, and the police Guard of Honour which is inspected by the Resident Commissioner, is always smartly turned out, the Superintendent of Police in full Colonial Police uniform, with white jacket, white helmet and sword, taking the parade.

Most sympathised-with member of the official party was the Judicial Commissioner, who had to stand, in wig and gown, out in the full heat of the tropical sun for half an hour.

Polynesian Association Of

SYDNEY THE Polynesian Association of Sydney is keeping the social flag flying at their weekly gatherings held every Wednesday at Kirribilli. During recent months many island people visiting Sydney called in.

From Fiji: John (Junior) Fenton, Bruce Kirkham, Fritz Ragg, Mr. and Mrs. P.

Miller; John Morris (who will be remembered as skipper of the small ship Fetu Moana, which was blown from the Lau Group to the Queensland Coast). Another Fijian identity was Jack Barley, formerly of Sigatoka, who is now Chief Officer of one of the British Solomon Islands Ships.

Another visitor was former resident of Rotuma, now Chief Engineer Ben Criss, now somewhere at sea with a US tanker.

The outbreak of Polio in Tahiti caused a surprise visit of the MM ship Changchow, which gave some Tahitian people a chance of seeing the big city before going on to Noumea.

Among them was Madame Sybille Polinelli, who belongs to the Richmond family of Tahiti. Sybille wore her black wavy hair hanging down waist length “a la Tahitienne,” causing much openmouthed staring, plus admiration, from Sydneyites accustomed only to short haired lassies.

Another Tahitian was Madame Lucie Farone of the Chevrier family. Gn their honeymoon were Monsieur and Madame Claude Benoit, who now are stationed at the Aviation base at Tontouta, New Caledonia. Claude is from Vincennes, France, and his bride is Loretta Anahoa, the daughter of Monsieur and Madame Pierre Marrand of Fariipiti, Tahiti.

Among other visitors to the Association were practically the entire and enthusiastic crews of HMNZS Bellona led by L S Alf Lang of Ohinemutu, an old Member, and Hawea led by Billy Taui, who is from North Auckland. For these lads, the Club arranged several special evenings.

Owing to circumstances beyond their control, Miss Margaret Wong and Mr.

Louis Chegg of Madang, New Guinea, have postponed their marriage until August 4, 1951. (See January PIM page 35.) 69 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

The Pacific Islands Society

(Founded 1937) Visitors from the Pacific Islands to Sydney, or persons interested in Islands affairs, are invited to communicate with the Honorary- Secretary of the above Society which was formed to constitute a social centre for those interested in the Pacific Islands.

Regular meetings and social gatherings, with lectures, are held at History House. 8 Young Street, Sydney, on the fourth Wednesday of each month, at 8 p.m.

Address for correspondence:— THE PACIFIC ISLANDS SOCIETY, Box 2434, G.P.0., Sydney.

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Robert Gillespie Pit It?

S 4« PITT ST..SYDNEY- PHONES 8W4782- 81505 Miss Dorothy Williamson of Rabaul, New Guinea, has announced her engagement to Mr. Chris. Normoyle Jnr., a Patrol Officer in District Services Department of the P-NG Administration.

Putters-Back of Clocks A Reader Thinks Old-Timers Should Be Dumped Letter to the Editor IDO not know whether it was accident or design that those two articles appeared side by side on pages 90 and 91 of June PIM.

Appropriately on our left, a Comrade spoke his piece. On the right, some old shell-back with a grouch, moans that someone is spoiling the Papuans.

Having had their say, both parties should now be put in a weighted sack and committed to the Deep.

Of the two I find it easier to forgive the Comrade. He at least knows no better; or is deliberately using the Brown Brother stuff for his own propaganda purposes. Mr. E. L. A. Beach, however, whatever his own personal feelings, should have enough sense by now to realise that his kind of rabid conservatism has provided more pegs for Socialists and Reformers to hang hats on than any other single factor.

I have read through the list of his woes and the burden of his song seems to be annoyance that these two Papuans actually ate with knives and forks like pure-white Europeans.

I wager that I am as good a Territorian as “Mr. Beach" and I certainly hold no brief for any Papuan or any other native.

I do not believe that the world owes them a living just because they happen to exist; or that, necessarily, the Melanesians or Polynesians or any of the socalled backward races, would have reached the same degree of civilisation as the Europeans if given the same chance—if you follow that argument back to the beginning when the first man crawled out of some bit of dirt in Mesopotamia, it does not hold water. But if Papuans can observe our social habits and niceties I cannot see that it is such a cataclysm when two of them appear at a public function in a country that does not have the same feeling of race superiority as our friend from Port Moresby.

OtTR Mr. B. apparently does not believe that old saw about doing as the Romans do, while in Rome. In P-NG the members of the various races keep to themselves. OK—that is something belonging to P-NG. In Australia, although most Australians consider themselves socially superior to the nomadic aborigines of the Nullabor Plains, none of them would draw the line at attending a public function with the aboriginal tenor, Harold Blair. (I do not include that other star in Australia’s cultural firmament, Namatjira, as, according to June PIM he still eats witchetty grubs.) Guess Mr. B. is too old to change now; but if he reads his PIM closely he must have observed that what is happening to the Papuans now, happened to the Fijians (also Melanesians) three quarters of a century ago—no doubt accompanied by the dire predictions of the Europeans living there at the time.

There still is a proportion of the Fijians who are flash guys, bad eggs and plain poor types; but, on the whole, it is agreed that they have come out of it rather well —about 100 per cent, loyal to the hand that nurtured them. They have never “asked for their plantation back” and they have never shown any indication of “kicking the Europeans out of the land they developed and civilised.”

But I imagine that they do feel “equal to Europeans” (whatever that is).

What did those Papuans actually do at Brisbane’s Anzac lunch? Burp in their soup, get tight, or make themselves objectionable? A great many Australian exdiggers can perform pretty well along all those lines.

Mr. B. may feel that two Papuans at a public luncheon in Brisbane is the thin edge of a revolution in P-NG. He cannot help what he feels. But he should try to prevent himself from writing it. Harking back to what was done or not done in those “good old days” is tedious and useless. It is about time someone started to make a job of the present.

In my humble opinion the European has just about had it: there are not enough thinking, commonsense, middleof-the-roaders left to keep our society sane. We waste our energy from within.

At one end of the scale we have all the Mr. B’s. wringing their hands and trying to put the clock back; and, at the other, there are the rainbow-chasing theorists, reforming crackpots and political opportunists. In the middle, like a great lump of raw dough, is the mob, whose chief interests are beer, horse-racing, food, 70 JULY, 1951-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Serving the Needs of the Cook Islands . . .

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99-Year-Old Mangaian Dies

IN NZ A 99-YEAR-OLD Mangaian (Cook Islands) living in New Plymouth, New Zealand, died at the end of May. He was Ukinga Rau who has been living with his son Pepe in NZ since 1946.

As a young man in Mangaia he took a prominent part in public affairs and was one of those responsible for having the road built around the island. Later he went to live in Rarotonga where he married the daughter of a London Missionary Society native pastor, the Rev. Pare Ratu, who was for some time a missionary in New Guinea.

In Rarotonga Ukinga Rau set up a bakery business which he conducted until 1935.

He is survived by one son in NZ, another, Mato, in Rarotonga, and three daughters, Mrs. Tenga Taneao, Mrs.

Ngapoko Terei, and Mrs. Mangati Crummer, all of Rarotonga.

Sandy Creek Gold ADVICE has been received from Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd., that during the month of May, 1951, 93 oz. 8 dwt. of gold were recovered from 7,910 cubic yards of material treated at their Morobe, NG, leases.

The 1951 meeting of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate Advisory Council, which was to have been held in June, has been postponed till August.

A Year In A Sydney Dock

THE 400-ton Island ship Awahou which made the headlines in June 1950, when she was feared lost in a hurricane between the Solomons and Sydney, is just about to emerge from a dock in Sydney where she has been undergoing repairs to damage sustained on that voyage.

Her owners, the Carr Shipping and Trading Co., said that it was expected that she would be in dock 13 weeks —but with shortage of materials, strikes, bad weather and other misfortunes it has taken a year.

Her owners say that she will be “like new." Her former skipper and crew will sail in her and her first trip will be to Samarai, Papua.

An RAAF “steak and eggs” special plane landed at Honiara on June 18, en route to Noumea. Warned of the local fresh food shortage, the aircraft unloaded 220 lbs. of fresh meat, a case of eggs and some fresh butter. 71 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Reader Claims That He Was Misreported Letter to the Editor “T ET’S Speed the Dark Age” is the Lj heading on page 116 of the May issue of PIM, above a staff contribution. The initials "JT” are doubtless those of Mrs. Tudor. She takes me to task on each of two points contained in the reported statement that I hope “50 years from now, New Guinea natives will be holding the executive positions which ‘whites’ are now filling.”

Objection is taken to use of the word “whites” and to the prophecy itself.

Mrs. Tudor should more rightly take to task the reporter, a member of her own profession, on a Brisbane daily paper, who chatted to me while the May Bulolo was in Brisbane.

Without his adulteration of my statements there would have been no basis for her argument, at any rate with me personally. After I had discussed, in a very factual way, my own particular job, the reporter asked me what I thought would be the future role of the native people here. I am too pre-occupied with the problems of the present to give much thought to the future as a rule, but I thought I would be on fairly safe ground tvhen I said that “some of the positions low occupied by Europeans will probably 3e filled by natives in 50 years time.”

By omitting the phrase “some of” and :he word “probably,” the reporter has changed a reasonable enough idea into i sweeping generality. What I had in nind was the postmaster, a local native, it Nauru Island where I spent some time jefore the war. There is no evidence to suggest that, even among Europeans like Mrs. Tudor, this is regarded as being the thin edge of the wedge.

BY substituting the word “whites” for “Europeans,” the reporter has furnished Mrs. Tudor with the grounds for her second criticism. I have always preferred the term Europeans.

Probably I used it a dozen times in talking to the reporter, but apparently he preferred “whites” and that is what he attributed .to me in his copy. I suppose Mrs. Tudor would excuse this as journalistic licence.

What amazes me, however, is that Mrs.

Tudor, with her wide experience, should be so naive as to accept at its face value the “fill-in” of a junior reporter.—l am, etc., W. C. STEELE.

Department of Education, Port Moresby.

June 21, 1951.

Native Bsi Representative

VISITS UK From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 20.

WILLIE' FAIA left Honiara by Qantas plane on June 26, en route to the United Kingdom as the official representative of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate Government. Paia, who is 42 years old, is a Special Grade clerk and customs officer with 25 years’

Government service, and a member of the Advisory Council.

A native of Roviana in the Western Solomons, he has earned respect and considerable standing in the Protectorate both among his own people and from members of the European administration.

He was awarded the British Empire Medal for his services during the Japanese occupation of the Solomons.

New Suva Medical School AS part, of Fiji’s Development Plan, the building of the new Central Medical School in Suva will be commenced before the end of the year.

The building, which will be three storeyed and of reinforced concrete, will house approximately 100 students and be capable of being extended to house 160.

It will be built at Tamavua, a few miles out of Suva, adjoining the projected Nurses Home and Training School.

The Rev. M. G. Check, of the London Missionary Society has left Niue for Suva, and is then to proceed to New Zealand by air. He is going to New Zealand for medical attention. 73 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Suicide Of European Nurse

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, June 4.

A EUROPEAN nurse, Miss Esther Hansen, apparently committed suicide on May 31. She left the Apia Hospital nurses’ home in the late afternoon ostensibly to have a swim in the sea near Fagali’i. When she failed to return, a police search was undertaken, but no trace of the missing woman could be found. Some of her clothing was found on the beach at Fagali’i.

Later a letter was found in which Miss Hansen stated her intention of committing suicide. Her body has not yet been found.

The Island schooner, Ranui, made a mercy call at Niue Island in early May with urgently needed medical supplies and lettter mail. Essential drugs had been exhausted two weeks before the vessel arrived—on its first attempt to reach Niue, the Ranui developed engine trouble and had to put back to Auckland.

Samoan Flag Raising And

King’S Birthday

From Our Own Correspondent APIA. June 4.

THE fourth anniversary of the raising of the Samoan flag was celebrated on June 1 on the Malae at Mulinu’u, by an official reception, a Kava ceremony, and the raising of the Samoan and New Zealand flags.

The morning’s festivities ended with a march past of the various local youth groups.

During the afternoon, pupils of the various Government and Mission schools entertained a large and appreciative audience with songs and Samoan sivas.

On Saturday, June 2, the King’s birthday festivities commenced with the usual function at Apia Court House where the High Commissioner and the Hon. Malietoa addressed those present. Later a reception was held at Vailima, official residence of the High Commissioner.

The afternoon was devoted to horse racing at Apia Park, where in beautiful sunshine, the Apia Turf Club held its King’s Birthday Race Meeting.

A large gathering of Europeans and Samoans thoroughly enjoyed the day’s events.

For the first time the Apia Turf Club had donated a handsome trophy, the “Samoa Cup,” to be competed for annually.

This year it was won against strong competition by King Midas, owned by Mr.

Angus Macdonald, to whom the trophy was presented by the High Commissioner.

Miss Margaret Stubbs, who has beer visiting her father, Mr. John Stubbs, ii Lae, New Guinea, returned to Sydney ii early June. She will go back to Nev Guinea in January. 74 JULY, 1951 rACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Norfolk Island Notes

From Our Own Correspondent June 15.

FOR the last few weeks, the main topic of conversation on the Island has been that of food.

It is three months since a New Zealand ship called —and the visible supply of flour disappeared three weeks ago.

Since then the residents ihave been either without bread, have drawn on their private, meagre stocks of flour to make their own bread—sometimes without great success—or, as some have done, ground up some of their fowls’ wheat and utilised the resultant wholemeal flour.

Shelves in the shops are pretty bare but the tobacco situation is not acute yet —and the arrival of the Morinda within a week or so (weather permitting) should allay many of our worries.

The customary Bounty Bay celebrations on June 8 were very much curtailed this year owing to heavy rain.

The ceremony at Kingston Jetty in which uniformed descendants of the Pitcairners parade, plus the cricket match and the community open-air lunch, were all washed out and the substitute celebrations at the new Rawson Hall were poorly attended.

The news that Canberra had authorised £27,000 for the erection of terminal buildings on the air strip is very welcome but construction will not be rushed as the local Works and Housing superintendent has not yet received the plans.

It. is understood that a much-needed waiting room for passengers will be provided together with accommodation for ambulance and fire engine.

Another of the fine old Georgian houses on Quality Row was gutted by fire recently. The house was occupied by the local doctor, Dr. Downing, and it is understood that an overturned lamp was responsible.

Within a few minutes of the outbreak, the place was gutted—to the amazement of the few helpers on hand who did not know that a stone house could generate such a blaze.

Death of C. S. Evennett A YOUNG member of a well-known Territory family, Colin Stephen Evennett, 22 years old, was drowned at Port Moresby on June 2.

It seems that on the night of June 1 a party was held aboard the Administration ship Nivani of whch Evennett was the Master. At the time the ship was moored near the Steamships slipway undergoing repairs before being returned to its base at Samarai. The last guest at the party left in the early hours of Saturday morning, and apparently Evennett went to sleep on the upper part of the ship. 'A folded lifejacket and a pair of boots were found there later.

In the morning Evennett was not about and it was thought that he had gone into town, but about two o’clock in the afternoon his body was found floating in the water near the ship. Prom the evidence it seems that he had probably slipped and fallen into the water at night, striking his head in the fall and beingrendered unconscious.

His body was flown to Samarai for burial.

A London businessman writing to the editor of the PIM says: “As a matter of interest, I know you and others will be glad to learn that Mrs. Ursula Harris has been successful in getting Biua plantation going again on Djaul Island. A very decent laddie named Hitchcock has taken it over and it is running again—at last.”

Three Frenchmen, one of them, Monsieur Pierre Plossu, an engineer, have arrived in Noumea to undertake the improvement of Noumea’s water supply from the Dumbea River area. They are working for the local company responsible for Noumea’s water supply and sewerage system.

Mrs, Norman Wiles, a SDA missionary who has been in Papua for the past 20 years, was on leave in Melbourne in June.

Mi’s, Wiles was taken to Pitcairn Island by her parents, Pastor and Mrs. E. S.

Butz, also of the SDA, when she was 8months old, and she has been on Pacific mission stations ever since. 75 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Sports Day To Honour

THE KING From Our Own Correspondent VILA. June 16.

KING’S BIRTHDAY holiday was celebrated in the New Hebrides by a Condominium public holiday on Thursday, June 7.

On the previous Saturday there was the annual native sports to commemorate the event held in the British paddock.

This year a precedent was created when a European team was invited to compete against the native teams. In previous years the sports carnival has been a competition between local native villages exclusively, with British members of the community acting as time-keepers, track stewards, judges, etc.

This annual sports day I's a much looked-forward-to event among the natives and they enter into it with great enthusiasm. The tug-o’-war and the 220 are not matters to be trifled with! The high jump is so serious an affair tha|-, in the spirit of the occasion, contestants do not always await their turn to jump.

Results are often alarming. But this is all part of the fun.

This year the team representing Fila Island were the winners and were presented with the Challenge Cup by Mr H. Flaxman. The European team scored the highest points and their leader was presented with a plaque.

The following Wednesday night, the eve of the public holiday, Mr. Flaxman entertained a hundred guests to a dance at the Residency on Iririki Island.

Although it had rained heavily during the day, the weather cleared somewhat and did not mar the evening. Supper was served under marquees on the extensive lawns of the Residency.

Niue's Long Isolation Ended Matua Calls After Five Months From Our Own Correspondent NIUE. June 6.

THE Matua arrived at Niue on June 4.

The food situation had become desnerate. No bread, meat, sugar or flour; and many other necessary commodities had been sold out or were in short supply.

This ship was the first supply vessel to call at the island for nearly five months and if she had not appeared when she did, the food situation would have become desperate in a matter of days.

In suite of hardships experienced by the European population, the majority are of the opinion that the shortages and inconveniences are worthwhile if the New Zealand wharf dispute is settled for all time.

The shipping situation is also having its effect upon the basket trade. At present no baskets are being bought, although one firm has orders for over 30,000, when there is shipping to lift them.

Helping Pacific Aviation THE Australian Department of Civil Aviation will spend more than £27,000 on a passenger terminal at Norfolk Island. Qantas Empire Airways and the NZ National Airways Corporation operate services to the island.

The CA Department will also spend £20,000 to complete the aerodrome on Fisherman’s Island off the coast of Papua near Port Moresby. This aerodrome will be an alternative when bad weather closes the drome at Moresby.

At present Lae, on the other side of the Owen Stanleys, or Cooktown on the Aus j tralian mainland, are the nearest alternatives.

A Tahitian boy named Hector Bennett, arrived in Sydney in mid-June on the Chungking. But all Hector saw of the nietronolis was from the ship’s brig. While the liner was in Papeete he mingled with friends who were on their way to Noumea and just did not get off when other visitors went ashore. When the ship’s Master found that he had a non-paying passenger, he put Hector in the brig.

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Rice Shortage In Bsi

From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 10.

AN acute shortage of rice in the British Solomons which began towards the end of May is causing concern among planters and traders.

The Muliama brought in a little rice in the last week of May, and the ketch Evaleeta brought a further supply, but considerably more is needed.

The hold-up appears to be in Sydney.

Many private traders are losing labour needed for copra cutting and construction work, as the boys see no reason to work without their rice ration.

Miss Glen Bulwinkel was married at the Presbyterian Church, Lismore, NSW, on June 9 to First Officer John Keene, of Qantas Empire Airways, Lae, NG.

Hammett Family Get Best Out of Life From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 20.

MR. J. C. HAMMETT’S family settlement in the Shortlands, ESI, is flourishing. He now has two daughters and sons-in-law, Mr. and Mrs.

L. J. Ruglen and Mr. and Mrs. E. O.

Gurney, and a son, Mr. P. H. J. Hammett and his wife, to make up the family party.

Mr. and Mrs. Ruglen are now established on their own property in the Shortlands, and the other members of the family are at Laumono with Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Hammett. Two small grandchildren have been at Laumono for some time, and a daughter, named Lynnette, was born recently at Buin hospital to Mr. and Mrs. Ruglen.

Mrs. Gurney went into hospital at Nila recently to wait for the arrival of another addition to the clan. There is no European hospital at Nila, so the Roman Catholic Mission convent was made available to Mrs. Gurney as a temporary measure, with Mrs. Clara Scott, who is a fully trained nursing sister, in attendance.

The family is resisting the temptation to hit the headlines with the announcement "Baby Born in a Convent.”

All the members of the family are well, and Mr. Hammett is going ahead with improvements to Laumono, which is already one of the most attractive homesteads in the Solomons and producing well. 78 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Telephone: 236 Captain Goya Henry Has Seaman Trouble From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, June 8.

IN the District Court at Kavieng, on May 29, Goya Henry, Master of MV Matoko, charged one, Lilom, casual labourer, and native Boss Boy of the vessel, under Section 112 of the Native Labour Ordinance, 1946, which provides that: “Any person who entices or induces a labourer to absent himself from the services of the employer or knowingly harbours an absentee labourer, shall be guilty of an offence.”

The Magistrate ruled that this section was void, and non-suited the Master.

A charge under Section 113, of the same Ordinance, was heard against four native contract members of the crew of the vessel. This section provides that; ‘Any labourer who without reasonable excuse fails to perform, or carelessly or improperly performs any work, which under the contract it was his duty to perform, shall be guilty of an offence.

Captain Henry said in evidence that tor eight days his ship had been loading copra on the New Ireland coast. He oerthed at Kavieng at six a.m., on May 27, and shortly afterwards noticed that most of his crew were missing. Upon their return about 10 a.m., he ordered them to wash the decks, but on the ground that it was a Sunday, they refused his order and walked ashore in a Dody.

Addressing the Court, Captain Henry said: “My vessel is licensed to carry 51 aassengers, and I have a normal crew of 17. From open, flagrant and forthright iefiance at a wharf, it is but a step, and a short one at that, to defiance at anchor, md defiance at sea. It seems to me that my trade as a ship’s Master in these waters carries enough hazards as it is without this danger. Except for a steer boy and a lookout, none of the crew ever works whilst the ship is under way. My decks had not been touched for eight days!”

The defendants pleaded not guilty and swore they had not heard the alleged order.

The Magistrate said there appeared to be a doubt. The prosecution’s case lacked corroborative testimony. He thought that such supporting evidence might have been available, but the Captain had not brought it. The charge against two of the defendants was dismissed, and that against a third withdrawn. Fourth defendant was fined 5/-.

CAPTAIN HENRY asked the Court for a ruling as to his power to discharge casual labour which had been engaged at Rabaul at Kavieng, adding that it was his intention, unless the Court ruled otherwise “incontinently to discharge” certain of his casuals since it appeared he had no redress at law, and this case had wider economic repercussions involving all employers of casual labour.

Mr. Dyer said that Captain Henry had authority to discharge such casual labourers, adding that if after four days they were not gainfully employed they were liable to come under the attention Df the Native Labour authorities.

Interviewed after the hearing, Captain Henry said: “It’s no wonder these Government ships lose money. To describe jneself as a Master is an empty formality—a quaint, old-fashioned conceit.

Fhe truth is that a vessel may be held to ransom at the whimsy of any loafer Dr malcontent down on the books as a Drew member, but better described as a cabin-class tourist!”

Bsi Polio Outbreak Over

.From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA, June 26.

THE poliomyelitis outbreak in Honiara is now regarded as over. Honiara and Yandina have been declared “clean” ports, and local restrictions on schools and picture shows have been lifted.

Though there were a number of deaths and partially disabled patients, a feature of the outbreak was the camparatively large proportion of mild cases.

In contrast to outbreaks in other years, this year’s infection for the first time affected Europeans, one death and several minor cases occurring. Areas in which the 1947 epidemic took heavy toll of natives were comparatively lightly affected this year.

The Rev. Father J. Doyle, MSC, who has been parish priest of Randwick, NSW, has been appointed Prefect Apostolic of Samarai, Eastern Papua.

The Melanesian Mission’s MV Southern Cross left Honiara for New Zealand in the last week of May. Passengers included Father Edwards of the Melanesian Mission, Miss Rachel Davies, a Mission teacher, Mrs. E. J. Harrison and child, and Mr. Garth Simmons, a New Zealander returning home at the expiration of his contract with the Lands and Mines Department of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate Government. 79 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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SYDNEY. ts trading stations. Storekeepers were wanted, and I was offered a post in charge »f one of them. nOR many years I was with this firm L and prospered; also my family grew.

Then came the time when the Gilbert slands were proclaimed a Protectorate •y Great Britain—and high time it was hat something of the sort should have teen done. Despotic native “kings” and lub law had to be superseded for the irotection of the natives themselves.

With my long residence in the islands ,nd my intimate knowledge of the people ,nd language, I was asked if I would take , job in the administration. This I ccepted and, for a while, I was the Actrig Resident of the group. And now I m in retirement, living in the island of Luria, which I lease from the present Ling of Abemama.

By the way, he is married to my eldest aughter—she who was born in the water ank—and I am anxious to get home and ee how my grandchildren—twin boys— re getting on.

The Life of Agnes Murdoch By R. W. Robson nOR years, I had sought the full story V of the interesting life of George Murdoch: and I am very glad that lommander Burrows has supplied it. It 5 fitting now that' it shoud be ounded off with the story of Murdoch’s aughter, Agnes.

When I was in the Gilberts, doing an ntelligence job, in September, 1941, I r as ashore for a little while on Abemama; nd there ;i met (and photographed) .gnes Murdoch, her two sons and Captain “Jimmie” Smith, last of the old tiaders of the Bully Hayes era. The lad on the left of the photograph, and who married the daughter of Captain Smith, became the “king” of Abemama, and probably still holds that office. I think that Agnes Murdoch is still alive. Here is her story, exactly as I wrote it in 1941: For long years, Mr. G. M. Murdoch, an educated Englishman, was an administrative officer m the service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. He was stationed mostly at Tarawa. He married a Gilbertese girl, and had several children.

Through his wife, he acquired substantial land interests in Kuria, as a trader and planter. He lived strictly according to European standards, and insisted that his children be properly educated.

Of one daughter, Agnes, he was especially fond —she was good-looking, vivacious and intelligent. So he sent her to San Francisco, to be educated.

When she returned, she was a slim and attractive young girl, with plenty of poise, and a full-bodied American accent. She should have married a European, but European men were not plentiful in the equatorial islands in those days. She married, instead, a son of the king of Abemama. .Readers of Islands romances will find plenty about Abemama and its “royal family” in Stevenson’s book. The Abemama kings were ferocious warriors, and, when Britain took over the group, they held all Abemama, and the neighbouring islands of Kuria and Aranuka, in subjection.

Agnes Murdoch now is an elderly woman. Briefly, while a boat waited to take me back to the ship through a menacing surf, I interviewed her at her home in Abemama, not one hundred yards from the spot where Stevenson lived, during his sojourn there. She still is slim, and straight and distinctive, with a charming voice and an American accent; and, in spite of her isolation, she can talk interestingly of people and affairs.

She has two handsome sons;—and, in this picture (see page 60 of this issue) she is seen between the two of them. When the old king died, Agnes Murdoch’s brother-in-law became king; and now he is dead, and Agnes Murdoch’s elder son 81 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Murdoch Of The Gilberts

(Continued from page 60.)

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Ra6Aul And Lae

(seen in the photograph) has taken his place, as paramount chief. These boys have been educated. The elder has married the daughter of Captain “Jimmie”

Smith, a well-known Abemama resident, who married a Gilbertese woman.

The Rev. James Edwards, of the Melanesian Mission was in New Zealand on furlough in June. He has served in the Solomon Islands mission field for 19 years.

Samoan Boy Killed By

SWORDFISH From Our Own Correspondent APIA, June 4.

AN unusual fatality occurred on June 2 at the Upolu West Coast village of Leauva’a. when a 15-year-old Samoan boy, Etuale Totua, was killed by a swordfish while out fishing at night with four other boys of his village.

Etuale was paddling his canoe while the other boys were spearing fish ahead of the canoe by the light of a benzine lantern. Suddenly they heard Etuale call out, “My eyes, my eyes, I am blinded,” and saw him fall into the sea.

When they got him out of the water he was unconscious. In the bottom of the canoe the boys found a small swordfish called in Samoan, “anaanalagi” with a 4-mch, sharp-pointed snout or sword.

It had attacked the boy and pierced his eye and brain with its sword.

The boy was immediately taken ashore and sent to Apia Government Hospital, but was dead on arrival.

The accident was the first known case of this kind in Samoa. 82 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY Solution to Crossquiz from page 58

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More About The Kukukukus By A. P. LYONS ERIC FELDT’S interesting account of a patrol he conducted into the Kukukuku country in the New Guinea Territory during 1931, which was published in the April PIM, has prompted me to write something concerning these people on the South or Papuan side of the main range.

The word Kukukuku I believe to be a nickname for inland native tribes living between the Lakekamu River and Kerema. It was bestowed by native traders of the Motu tribes (living in and around Port Moresby), and came to be used with other names by the numerous coastal natives of the Gulf of Papua between the places above stated. Miners and other Europeans who first came to the Lakekamu Goldfields always referred to bush natives as Kukukukus.

Some of these miners, notably Joe Sloan. Shark-eye (Black) Bill Park, “Red Bill” Parkes, Frank Pryke and Les (Jiembo) Joubert. were soon on the Morobe Goldfield after gold was found thereabouts, and I have no doubt they continued to use Kukukuku for the mountain natives, and that newcomers to the field adopted the name.

The so-called Kukukuku were not numerous. They lived in small and scattered hamlets. They made predatory raids on the gardens of the coastal tribes, both day and night, using torches during the hours of darkness, and often massacring men, women and children. Their guerilla tactics thoroughly scared the numerous salt-water men, and caused them to believe that the Kukukuku were almost supernatural.

THE first recorded use of the nam© Kukukuku appears in the Annual Report of British New Guinea for the year ended June 30, 1900. Dr. J. A.

Blaney, RM, CD, and Mr. A. Guilianetti, the Government Agent at Mekeo, together had made one of their infrequent visits to Kerema, where they learned that some Ipisi natives had been massacred by a mysterious inland tribe called Kukukuku. These officers made an unsuccessful attempt to trace the raiders.

Incidentally, Guilianetti was shot dead by a native at Mekeo on November 4, 1901. Until 1906, when the present Gulf Division was established, it was included in the boundaries of the Central Division.

During Captain F. R. Barton’s administration, the Gulf Division was proclaimed.

Kerema was selected for its headquarters and Mr. H. L. Griffin took up duty there as the first RM of the Division.

In the Annual Report for 1905-1906, Griffin refers to the Kukukuku as “an inland hill tribe, local name Eariva but generally known as the Kukukuku.” In another part of the same Report, he reports having got into touch with the socalled Kukukuku at a village called Korolauve, situated a few miles upstream from Kerema, through the good offices of friendly natives. He did not visit the village of the Kukukuku.

Mr. C. B. Higginson, RM, took charge of the Gulf Division during September, 1907.

In the Annual Report for 1906-1907, the Acting Administrator, Judge J. H. P.

Murray, remarks as follows: “There seem to be at least two—probably several— different sets of villages called by that name (Kukukuku). The other village or group of villages is apparently some days journey from Korolauve and is situated in the mountains but what mountains is not yet definitely ascertained.”

In 1907-1908, Mr. Higginson, RM, reports having visited villages at the head of Laiki Creek in the foothills of the Albert Range distant about 35 miles north of Kerema, but does not say whether he made contact with any natives. He goes on to say that “Maiheri, the local name, has now almost been dropped, and Kukukuku becomes universal.’ 1 He continues: “The word Kukukuku is a Motuan (Port Moresby) term, and was bestowed by the early Lakatoi (large trading canoe) people on their trips to the west, in the same lordly way they renamed the villages, rivers and other parts of the coast.”

CHARLIE HIGGINSON says in the same Annual Report, apropos the terror inspired by the Kukukuku in the large coastal village communities: “It is well that the Kukukuku do not know their powers, as I am sure if one Kukukuku came out on the beach, he could chase the local population as long as he liked to run after them. Some time back Toaripi people on a visit to Kerema and returning by the beach, got a Kuku- 83 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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One fantastic tale I, myself, heard from a Moviavi man was that no one could dodge the Kukukuku arrows. ‘‘Could you not get behind a tree?” I asked. “Yes,’ he replied, “but the arrow would follow you.”

Finding of payable gold near the Tiviri River (a branch of the Lakekamu River) was reported by the prospectors Mat Crowe and Frank and Jim Pryke towards the end of 1909. Immediately afterwards, the Lakekamu Goldfield was proclaimed, followed by a visit to the Field of Lieutenant Governor J. H. P. Murray.

He proceeded on a short journey into the mountains, accompanied by Mat Crowe and others. His object was to try and get into touch with the Kukukuku and make friends with them. The visit was fruitless and had to be abandoned for lack of food. It seems that the Pryke Bros, had been sniped by bush natives a short time previously, but happily no one was hit.

During 1910 when I was RM and Warden of the Lakekamu Goldfield I made a few days journey into the mountains to the north of Nepa, my headquarters. Nepa was situated about eight miles south of the then Anglo-German boundary. It is most likely that my journey took me across the border. I followed a ridge from Nepa, and then dropped down to a small creek to visit a miner named Stan Smith. He asked and was granted permission to accompany me.

We continued along the ridges, and eventually came to the Tiviri River where it was very narrow, with water rushing down as a roaring torrent. We crossed it by saplings placed on to a large flat rock in mid-stream, getting the whole party onto the rock and reaching the other side in the same way. We found a deep and rock-strewn gully having two tiers of water-Worn ledges. By sapling ladders we reached the ledges and then climbed up the rest of the gully through scrub and boulders. We found a track leading northwards.

Following it, we came to an open tableland. Soon the native police espied some native women working in a garden. They surrounded them, and managed to capture one woman and a small boy, who were brought to me. The woman was yelling out an alarm. To pacify her, I placed a looking glass before her eyes.

Momentarily she ceased her noise. I gave her the glass but she dropped it. Then I tried to make friends with the boy, but he tried hard to bury his strong teeth in my leg. Meanwhile the woman resumed yelling.

Seeing that it was hopeless to make friends without an interpreter, I let them go. Continuing along the track we reached a small village which contained a few round houses. Each house had a conical shaped roof and a circle of stones in the centre for a fireplace. In one house I found a conventional mummy. The legs and arms were bent and disposed alongside the torso and then bound around with ratten. The skull was attached to the torso.

I found several torches. The torch was made by filling an inter-node of bamboo with an inflammable tree resin.

Meanwhile the police had brought in an infant whose mother had thrown it on the ground when chased by the police.

This put me on the spot as I had decided to camp in that village for the night. But, leaving the infant with the mummy and a gift of a trade knife in one of the houses, we continued on and reached another small village. Here in one of the houses I found a wood shield which was pitted with the marks of arrow heads.

We followed a track out of the village which led down to a small creek. After crossing the creek we found a place to camp. While the police were getting the tents erected we were attacked by a shower of arrows. Three arrows penetrated my tent and two embedded in a tree alongside it.

We could not see our attackers so I ordered a volley of rifle shots to be fired at the place where the arrows were coming from. This stopped the attack. Meanwhile Smith returned from the creek where he had been panning off. He reported that a few arrows had been fired at him.

Happily no one was hit.

Next morning we proceeded further north without the aid of a track. We got into very rough boulder country, with 85 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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San Francisco Agents : BURNS-PHILP CO. OF SAN FRANCISCO INC. water gurgling beneath. 1 decided to retrace our way back to the villages that we had visited the day before. I found that the infant, the mummy and the knife had disappeared. We followed another track and suddenly surprised about a dozen armed natives in a hut.

They made off with the police in pursuit.

None of them were caught but some of their bows and arrows were brought back.

These were destroyed. Continuing along the track we reached another village (the third). It was deserted. From there we made our way to the Tiviri River.

A few days afterwards we reached Nepa without further incident.

The Lutheran Mission School at Baitabag, near Madang New Guinea has recently opened a science department. The Science Hall was dedicated at a ceremony on July 1. The Rev. A. Walck, who is pastor in charge of the school, will conduct science lessons.

Nites From The Ng

GOLDFIELDS From Our Own Correspondent WAU, June 28.

GENERAL SECCOMBE, GOC, Northern Command, accompanied by Colonel Maddern and Group Captain Carr, arrived here on May 30, 1951, and in the evening addressed a large gathering of men at the Wau Club. They left the next day per RAAF Douglas for other areas.

Mr. and Mrs. R. Paul, with their young sons David and lan, returned from three months leave spent in Australia; Mr.

Paul is manager for Burns Philp & Co., Ltd., Wau.

Mr. and Mrs. H. Clissold also returned after nearly four months leave in Australia. Mr. Clissold is attached to Koranga Gold Sluicing.

Mr. and Mrs. J. Harridge also returned this month from leave spent in Sydney and Australia, Mrs. Harridge was Sister J. Rice of the European Hospital, Wau, before her recent marriage. Mr. Harridge is also with Koranga Gold Sluicing.

A “Hamburger Barbecue” was held at the Wau Golf Club on June 28 to say farewell to Mr. and Mrs. Wally Doe who leave this week for a year’s furlough overseas.

Colonel Maddern and Captain Beatchain were here during the month to commence recruiting for the Papua-New Guinea Volunteer Rifles. Recruits included two officers and 15 O/R’s; five more men will be joining shortly.

Two babies were born at the Wau Hospital during June—a son to Mr. and Mrs.

Harber of Bulolo; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Pelazarro of Golden Ridges, Wau.

Mr. Jim Dalgetty departed for Cairns, Qld., in June for a well-earned holiday. 86 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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The Johnsons Are Back Again Yankee in the Solomons From Our Own Correspondent HONIARA. June 2.

THE brigantine Yankee (Captain Irving Johnson) with Mrs. Johnson and their son Arthur, and 23 passengers who are also crew, arrived in Honiara, BSI, at the end of May.

The Yankee, which last visited the Solomons in 1948, is on another world cruise.

Two of her crew are women.

Mr. James Ford, of Detroit, a member of the motor car Ford family, is also among the crew members.

Mr. Ford brought with him on the cruise a small glass boat, powered with a fast engine, which is something quite new in the BSIP. It iS made by spraying liquid glass over a wooden mould, and when the glass, in its hundreds of thin layers, is considered thick enough, you just stop spraying.

The Yankee’s lifeboat is called the Doodle. Mr. Ford has named his glass boat the Dandy.

Mr. Osmar White, well-known Australian journalist had joined the Yankee in the New Hebrides and was another unexpected visitor.

While the Yankee and most of her passenger-crew went to Malaita for a cruise round the coast, Mr. Ford remained in Honiara with his glass boat, and with Mr. Wjhite made an expedition up the Nalimbu River, which is some 20 miles east of Honiara. There is reported to be a tambu cave, into which no native will go, a long way up the Nalimbu, and this was one of their objectives.

The Nalimbu is one of the many large rivers which intersect the Guadalcanal coastline. It is very beautiful, as tropical rivers are, but is full of snags, with wide reaches of shallow water in some places, good bathing pools in others, and a fast current in flood time, when it is capable of rising ten feet in twenty minutes and keeping on rising, to subside almost as quickly when the rainstorm at its headwaters is over. The Americans bridged the Nalimbu during the war years, but the bridge was rotted and carried away and only a few old timbers remain, with part of the western approach. One or two people were doubtful about the wisdom of taking a glass boat up a tropical river even in a dry spell, but the boat is said to be stronger than steel, and the pair returned safely. They later made an expedition along the Guadalcanal coast.

The Yankee left Honiara in the second week in June for New Guinea ports.

American Consul-General

Sees Good Prospects For

P-NG Prom Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, June 28.

AN American who has seen a fair bit of the world and should be a good judge, thinks that the Territory could build up a thriving tourist trade.

He says that it has many unique features, all types of scenery and climate, a:nd some publicity could turn these assets into cash.

He is Mr. Donald Smith. American Consul-General at Sydney, who visited the Territory to look up American residents in the Islands. He went to Lae, Rabaul, Madang and the Central Highlands, then Port Moresby. He liked not only the picturesque out-stations' but also the main settlements.

It is wise, sometimes, to look at things which have become too familiar, through the eyes of a stranger. And seeing the Territory through the eyes of Mr. Smith should make a lot of Australians review their notions about our oft-maligned Territory.

If he is as hard-headed about business matters as some of our Yankee friends, then his comments on the economic possibilities are interesting. He sized up the Territory as a very promising proposition for economic development. Perhaps he did not have ;a stack of information about our .problems in this respect, but Americans are no novices about tackling problems. And there was neither wealth nor a great population when America was first developed.

A plywood expert was expected to arrive In New Guinea in May to inspect Bulolo Gold Dredging timber leases. If his report is favourable, BGD will probably set up a plywood industry at Bulolo. An agreement covering the prospective plywood industry has already been signed by BGD and the Commonwealth Government.

Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Smyth, of Apia, Western Samoa—he is one of the best-known merchants in Polynesia—arrived in Sydney in June to attend the wedding of their grandson (Chisholm Junior), The prevailing wog caught up with them before they had greeted the Harbour Bridge, and they both endured a week of bad influenza. They had not planned an early return to Samoa; but the unusually cold Australian winter may alter the family viewpoint. 87 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Qantas Mishap In Vila

From Our Own Correspondent VILA. June 16.

QANTAS’ Sandringham VH-EBW met with disaster when preparing for the take off from Vila Harbour for the Vila-Santo leg of the Sydney-Santo flight on June 10.

The aircraft was warming up for its take-off run down the harbour in a general WS-westerly direction when, in order to avoid a launch dangerously close, the pilot was forced to suddenly alter course. In doing so the aircraft struck a reef off Melapor Point. The aircraft was immediately holed.

With difficulty the captain was able to manoeuvre the Sandringham across the bay to within a few yards of the shoreline of Vila township. There he beached it.

Passengers and crew left the aircraft through the escape hatch.

In August, 1950, a RNZAF Catalina grounded; in February of this year the Carpenter vessel, Lautoka, ran aground at a point not far from where the Sandringham struck.

At 1 p.m. on the day following this latest accident, another QEA Sandringham from Sydney was at anchor on Vila Harbour with salvage equipment.

The holed aircraft has been stripped of instruments and all four engines. The hull is to be towed to a less busy part of the harbour and, it is believed, an attempt will be made to sell it.

The Sandringham beached at Port Vila. 88 JULY, 1951- PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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always fill up at the SHELL pump shell] Tie Shell Co. of Aust. Ltd. (Inc. in Gt. Britain) MSSOSJ Port Moresby where the organisation is now ready to take on more volunteers.

Mt. Lamington Relief

LATE contributions to the Mt. Lamington Relief Fund are still coming in although the appeal closed at the end of May.

The total at the end of June stood at £20,298. The Committee in charge of the Fund will be meeting again shortly to draft final plans for its allocation.

The tentative proposal, made when the figure was well below its present total, was £lO,OOO for European relief, and £5,000 for native rehabilitation.

Give Them A Name!

PORT MORESBY is seeking suggestions for renaming its streets and suburbs. This move is sponsored by the Town Advisory Council which is seeking suggestions from public organisations and private citizens.

The first crop of new names favours those of Territory pioneers, both government and mission people. One submission was that the Rouna Road should be renamed the Hubert Murray Highway; the road to Hanuabada, the William McGregor Highway; and the golf course road as Le Hunte Road.

Adoption of the names of the main mountain ranges and river systems was also suggested, likewise native names and some of the main battle areas in the New Guinea campaign.

Natives Keep Island

THE natives who own Local Island, off Port Moresby, have declined to sell or lease it as a European recreation area.

But their refusal was accompanied by a statement that they had no objection to picnic parties visiting the Island.

All proposals for acquisition of Local Island have now been dropped.

Prefab Schools

FIVE Hawkesley aluminium, prefabricated two-classroom school buildings are on order by the Administration, Two will be erected at Lae, two at the new Boroko suburb in Port Moresby, and the fifth will be used to add two new schoolrooms to the Ela Beach European School at Port Moresby.

Each building will have a wide veranda, and it> seems that these will make very good school buildings. The houses at Boroko admittedly are not masterpieces of architectural beauty, but at least they are cool and airy.

MBE to G. S. Barrack In the recent Birthday Honours, Mr. Graburn Stanley Barrack was awarded an MBE for his services to Fiji and the BSIP.

He is a member of a very old and respected Fiji pioneer family. He was born at Savu Savu and was educated in Fiji.

He went to Australia in May, 1916, enlisted in the AIF, and served in the 20th Battalion until June, 1919. He entered the Fiji Civil Service in 1935, and held numerous appointments in the Audit Department and the Treasury until 1945, when he was transferred to the Wesern Pacific High Commission, where he is now Chief Accountant.

Harbour Fouled By Oil

From A Wreck

RABAUL, June 26.

THE other week, a wrecked ship which lies on the foreshore of Rabaul harbour, and has certain uses, slipped over—and up came her stern and down went her bows. Soon afterwards, the surface of part of the harbour became befouled by heavy black oil, apparently from the wreck.

Some reports said there were 50 tons there, which the new position released.

It is a nuisance—many harbour craft are showing a black band along the waterline—but no one seems to care, and high authority naturally does nothing about it.

The Queensland Country Women’s Association now has two branches in Papua:—One in Samarai, which has been flourishing for some time, and a newformed one in Port Moresby where Mrs.

W. C. Groves has been elected president.

A son (their second) was born to Mr. and Mrs. Lionel Mansfield at Rabaul, New Guinea, recently. 89

The Month In P-Ng

(Continued from Page 32) PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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New Ship To Replace

LAURABADA Prom Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, June 28.

THE Laurabada, which has battled around the Papuan and New Guinea coastline for more than two decades is now up for public tender.

The old lady is a sorry looking sight as it lies alongside the Port Moresby wharf.

In fact, the ship and the wharf are both in much the same state of disrepair; both are rotted through, and both due for replacement.

But there are a couple of very solid assets in the old ship, for it has two new engines which were installed only in 1949.

Some shipping men believe that the installation of these engines hastened the end of the Laurabada, They claim that the engines were too powerful for the general condition of the ship’s timbers, and were of the wrong type, necessitating the cutting away of a portion of the deck to accommodate the upper portion of the engines.

If an alternative type had been used there would have been no need to cut into the deck and disturb the balance of the ship.

Portions cut away from the timbers, however, showed them to be rotten to the stage of sponginess, and iron spiking had rusted to a thread that could be broken with the slightest pressure.

But engines or no engines, the “Laurabada” is up for tender, and the Administration is looking around for a replacement. There is one ship on offer at Sydney, and another on the north coast of New South Wales where it is still under construction.

An official will be going South shortly to look over these prospects.

Better Air Service

For Eastern

New Guinea Islands

Prom Our Own Correspondent RABAUL. July 1.

DEVELOPING its service for the islands of New Britain, New Ireland, and Bougainville, from July 1 Amphibious Airways is placing a further plane in commission—an Avro Feeder, licensed to carry 16 passengers, with a range of one thousand miles.

It is the stated aim of Amphibious Airways, although licensed to travel all over Australasia, to service these Islands in particular, with Rabaul as their headquarters. A spokesman for the Company said that if they do make trips to the mainland, it will be on behalf of local people only.

Although Rabaul is the Company’s headquarters, the workshops at present are remaining at Lae; but it is hoped to get a similar shop going in Rabaul.

It is claimed that people on outstations, desirous of travelling by air to and from Rabaul, are thus saved the heavy additional cost and the lost time, of hiring a plane from the mainland.

Probably it was the advent of this new air company which assisted the Department of Civil Aviation to make available the airstrip at Namatanai, New Ireland, after certain improvements have been carried out by the local District Office.

This is to be followed by the re-opening of air strips, mostly old Army ones, at Cape Hoskins, Jacquinot Bay, Gloucester, Buka Passage and Buin.

Captain Sir Maxwell Maxwell-Amlerson.

CBE, KC, who was Chief Justice in Fiji, 1929-34, died in Malta on June 9, at the age of 72.

The Fiji Commissioner of Police (Mr. W. J. G.

Holland) inspecting the six motor-cycles recently imported by Stinsons for the Traffic Department, Suva. These machines are expected to add a great deal to the efficiency of the Traffic Department. —Photo by Stinson Studios. 90 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Over 6,000 NG Highlanders Work on Coast From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY. June 28.

CENTRAL Highland natives have been leaving Goroka airstrip, Central New Guinea, this year at the rate of 370 a month for service under the Native Labour Ordinance which came into effect at the beginning of this year.

By the end of June there was a surplus of recruits at Goroka —the first time this had happened since the ban on Highland recruiting was lifted early in 1950.

Last year, under the old Ordinance, they signed on for twelve months employment, taut this year the term, as with all other recruits, is eighteen months.

Figures for Highlanders in private employment during 1950 were: — Central Division . 1.302 Bougainville . . 122 New Britain . . 1,214 Gulf Division . . 78 Morobe .... 1,1.01 Manus 82 !\Jadang .... 1,06 b Milne Bay ... 42 New Ireland . . 205 REPORTS on the Highlanders vary.

Some employers say they work quite well and are the equal of coastal natives. But others say that they can run circles around the coastal boys at the art of dodging work.

Stories are told of Chimbus who sat down to sweep a floor, and who took months to learn even the simplest task.

Yet some plantations have had very good work quotas by these Highlanders, so it seems, as with other tribal groups, the mixture of good, bad and indifferent is much the same.

But good or bad, the labour output of 6.100 Highlanders in 1950 must have made some difference to the Territory production figures.

Mr. Charles Sullivan, of Sydney, wellknown Islands merchant, plans to leave Sydney on July 19 for New Caledonia and Fiji. Thence he will go on to the United States and Europe, and he expects to be in London in August. This business trip Vill occupy four or five months—-he will be buck in Sydney before the end of the year.

Mrs. John F. Womersley, of Lae, New Guinea, with her two young children will spend a year with her mother in South Australia. Mr. Womersley, a P-NG Forestry Department official, will join them towards the end of this year. 91 1 AC;I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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I

Shipping And Plane Services

Ship Services

Sydney-NZ-Fiji-Hawaii-Nth. America THE itinerary of the Canadian-Australasian liner “Aorangi” (17,500 tons) is Sydney, Auckland, Suva (Fiji), Honolulu (Hawaii), Victoria (Vancouver Island), and Vancouver (British Columbia, Canada).

Aorangi has been held up in, Australia for about a month by seamen who were in sympathy with the NZ watersiders. She sailed from Sydney on July 5, and new time-tables are now being prepared) by the company.

New Zealand —Fiji— Samoa —Tonga Monthly Service by MV “Matua”

SERVICE CONDUCTED BY UNION SS CO.,

Ltd.—Subject To Alteration Without

NOTICE.

This ship has been held up by the New Zealand watersiders’ strike. With a volunteer crew she left Auckland for island ports at the end of ■May. She expects to make trips again in July and August, and then withdraw for annual survey.

Matua normally makes calls at Suva, Nukualofa, Vavau, Niue, Pago Pago, Apia and returns to Auckland via Suva.

New Zealand—Cook Is.—>Niue —Samoa THE motor vessel “Maui Pomare” owned and operated by the NZ Government, maintains a direct service between Auckland and Rarotonga (.Cook Islands), with alternative calls at Niue and Apia (Samoa).

Sydney-N. Caledonia- Tahiti LINERS of the Messagerles Maritimes maintain a service at about two-monthly intervals between Sydney, Vila (New Hebrides;, Noumea (New Caledonia) and Papeete (Tahiti), en route to Marseilles, via the Panama Canal; and they return by the same route.

New Caledonia—New Hebrides

THE New Caledonian Government has subsidised and maintained the coastal shipping services. The East Coast, West Coast, and the Loyalty Islands, under present conditions, receive 10 round trips per annum rhe ships call at the following ports: EAST COAST.—Yate, Ounla, Thio, Nakcty.

Oanala, Kouaoua Kua, Moneo, Ponerthouen, Tibarama, Polndlmle, Wagap, Touho, Tlpindje, Hienghene, Tac, Oubatch, Pouebo, Balade, Pam, Arama, and return.

WEST COAST. —Pouembout. Kone, Temala, Voh. Ouaco Gomen, Koumac, Tangalou, Tiebaghl, Nehoue, Poume, Baaba, Belep and return.

LOYALTY ISLANDS.—Mare (Tadlne), Llfou (Chepenehe) Ouvea (Pajaoue, St. Joseph) and return.

The steamer “Neo Hebrldals” runs regularly setween Noumea and Svdney. with occasional trips to the New Hebrides (mostly Aneityum), rhe owners are Soclete Maritime et Manlere Hagen, Noumea. Sydney agents: F C. Sleigh.

'54 George Street, Sydney.

The Messagerles Maritimes motor-ship Polynesien sails from Sydney about every six weeks to Noumea, Vila and Santo (New Hebrides) and outports, with occasional trips to the Wallis and Futuna Islands. Details from Messagerles Maritimes branch office, in Sydney, Noumea and Vila.

Sydney-Popua- New Guinea BURNS, PHLLP LINE motor-vessels "Bulolo” and “Malaita” maintain regular services between Sydney and ports In Papua-New Guinea.

“Bulolo” leaves Sydney, northbound, approximately every six weeks; “Malaita” every seven weeks.

"Bulolo” calls at Brisbane. Port Moresby, Samaral, Lae, Dregarhafen, Rabaul, Samaral, Port Moresby, Brisbane, thence back to Sydney.

The “Malalta’s” schedule varies considerably.

She calls at Port Moresby only occasionally, but usually calls at Samaral, Lae. Madang.

Manus, Rabaul, Samaral, thence direct to Sydney—ports of call being in that order. Sometimes the order of calls Is Samaral, Rabaul, Manus, Madang, Lae, Samaral. Intending passengers should check with Burns, Phllp <fe Co., Ltd., Sydney, or Island branches.

Sydney-Norfolk Island- New Hebrides THE SS “Morinda,” Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., runs at approximately threemonthly intervals from Sydney to Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and main ports of the New Hebrides, and return.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Fly British to 5 I Countries

By An All-Pressurized Speedbird Fleet

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Air Services

Summary of Pacific Air Services PAPUA AND NEW GUlNEA.—Regular Qantas service from Sydney.

SOLOMON ISLANDS. —Frequent regular flyingboat service from Sydney by Trans Oceanic Airways. Qantas service also from Lae, NG, to Honiara, BSI.

NEW HEBRIDES. —Frequent regular flying-boat service from Sydney by Trans Oceanic Airways. Service from Noumea by French plane runs twice weekly. Qantas plane from Sydney to NH on alternate Tuesdays.

NORFOLK ISLAND.— Regular service from NZ by NZ National Airways; from Sydney by Qantas; from FIJI by NZ National Airways.

LORD HOWE ISLAND.—Regular weekly service from Sydney by Qantas and Trans Oceanic Airways.

FlJl.—Regular services from Australia by Pah American. BCPA and CPA (to Nadi); Auckland by NZ National Airways (to Nadi); from Australia by Qantas (to Laucala Bay, Suva); from Auckland by T.E.A.L. (to Laucala Bay.

Suva i. Irregular calls from Australia to Laucala Bay, Suva, by Trans Oceanic Airways. Regular service from Suva to Labasa by T.E.A.L.

Western Samoa, Cook, Islands And

TONGA. —Regular service from Fiji by NZ National Airways.

TAHlTl.—Monthly service from Noumea by TRAPAS plane via Fiji, W. Samoa, Cook la.

DUTCH NEW GUlNEA.—Regular weekly service from Darwin to Biak by KLM under charter to NEI Government.

AUSTRALIA-NEW ZEALAND—ReguIar services Sydney-Auckland and Sydney-Wellington by Tasman Empire Airways.

AUSTRALIA-NORTH AMERICA.—Regular Transpacific services by Pan American Airways, BCPA and CPA.

EUROPE - INDO-CHTNA -N. CALEDONlA.—Portnightly service by Air Prance.

NZ National Airways South Pacific Services r l A HE New Zealand National Airways Corpora- A tion operates services in the South Pacific between WhenUapai, Auckland and Norfolk Island, Fiji, Western Samoa and the Cook Islands leaving Auckland every alternate Tuesday and Rarotonga on the return journey alternate Saturdays.

An additional DCS service operates between Fiji and Western Samoa on alternate Wednesdays.

A regular weekly service leaves Auckland for Norfolk Island every Sunday returning the same day. An additional service to Norfolk is run on alternate Sundays.

Sydney—Queensland— New Guinea Q.E.A. Ltd. operate regular services between Sydney and Port Moresby, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, Bulolo and Wau via Brisbane, Rockhampton, Townsville and Cairns.

This Service is known as the “Bird of Paradise” Service and DC4 Skymaster and DCS Aircraft are used. The Skymaster aircraft leave Sydney every Tueday and Saturday at 8 p.m. and, making a night flight calling at Brisbane only, arrive at Port Moresby the following morning at 7.05 a.m.

The Skymaster arriving on the Wednesday connects with a DCS from Port Moresby to Bulolo and Wau via Lae the same day, while the Skymaster arriving at Port Moresby on Sunday connects with two DCSs from Port Moresby, one flying direct to Rabaul on the same day and the other flying to Lae, also on the same day.

A DCS aircraft leaves Madang on Tuesdays at 3.45 p.m., nightstops at Lae and departs Lae at 6.40 a.m. on Wednesday to connect with the Skymaster leaving Port Moresby at 9.30 a.m for Sydney via Brisbane, arriving Sydney at 8.30 p.m.

Two DCS aircraft leave Lae at 6 a.m. and 6.40 a.m. respectively on Sunday to connect with the Skyrfiaster leaving Port Moresby at 9.30 a.m. for Sydney, via Brisbane, arriving Sydney at 8.30 p.m. the same day.

DC3s leave Sydney at 8.15 a.m. on Monday, Thu-..day, Friday, calling at Brisbane, Rockhampton and nightstopping at Townsville.

The following morning they depart Townsville at 5.20 a.m., calling at Cairns and arriving at Port Moresby at 10.30 a.m. and Lae at 12.20 p.m. The aircraft which arrives at Lae on Tuesdays extends to Madang the same afternoon.

Return flights leave Lae at 5.45 a.m. on Mondays and Thursdays, departing Port Moresby at 7.35 a.m. and proceeding to Sydney the same day, via Cairns, Townsville and Brisbane (with an optional call at Rockhampton), arriving Sydney at 10.15 p.m.

The service leaving Lae on Thursdays, also connects with a DC3 leaving Wau the previous afternoon at 3.30 p.m.

Every Monday a DC3 leaves Rabaul at 7 a.m. for Port Moresby, departing Port Moresby at 10.20 a.m. for Cairns and Townsville. The following morning it departs Townsville at 8.15 a.m. calling at Rockhampton and Brisbane and arriving Sydney at 5 p.m. (Rockhampton call optional.)

Qantas Subsidiary Services In

Papua-New Guinea-Solomons

Qantas Empire Airways run the following subsidiary services in Papua, New Guinea, and British Solomons:— A DCS leaves Lae every Wednesday at 8 a.m., calls at Finschhafen, Rabaul, Kavieng and arrives at Manus at 3 p.m. It returns every Saturday, leaving Manus at 8 a.m., calls at Kavieng, Rabaul and Finschhafen (optional) and arrives at Lae at 2.45 p.m.

Every alternate Monday, a plane flies from Lae to Madang and after arrival operates where and when required. On Thursdays a plane flies from Lae to Rabaul via Madang and Wewak and on arrival operates where and when required. This service is primarily for the carriage of native labourers and Europeans travelling are advised of the fact.

Every alternate Wednesday a Qantas Catalina flies from Port Moresby, westward to Daru. via Yule Island, Kerema, Wana (optional) Kikori, Lake Kutubu, returing to Port Moresby, via Kikori, Kerema and Yule Island the same day. 94 JULY, 19 51 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

serth

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Every alternate Monday, a Qantas Catalina flies from Port Moresby eastward (dep. 9 a.m.) and calls at Abau and Samaral before flying out to the Archipelagoes in the afternoon. Calls are made at Esa’ala and Losuia (where an overnight stop is made), and the following day (alternate Tuesday) at Deboyne Lagoon, before returning to Port Moresby, via Samarai and Abau.

Every alternate Monday, a Qantas Catalina leaves Port Moresby for Rabaul, via Abau, Samarai, Esa’ala and Losuia (New Britain): next morning (Tuesday) it flies to Queen Carola Harbour, Buka, Kieta, Buin (Bougainville) and returns to Rabaul with an optional stop at Inus, next morning (Wednesday) it flies to Talasea, Moewe Harbour and Jacquinot Bay, and returns to Rabaul (with an optional stop at Lindenhafen) and next morning (Thursday) it returns from Rabaul, via Losuia, Esa’ala, Samarai, and Abau, to Port Moresby.

Every alternate Sunday a DC3 leaves Lae for Finschhafen and Rabaul where it remains overnight. The following morning (Monday) it goes on to Honiara (BSI) via Torokina and Vellalavella. It departs the same afternoon for Rabaul via Torokina, remains in Rabaul overnight and returns to Lae the following morning (Tuesday).

This service operates subject to the approval of the Governments concerned.

Every Wednesday and Saturday a plane leaves Port Moresby at 7.30 a.m., reaches Kokoda at 8.20 a.m., flies on to Higatura (Popendetta) at 8.55 a.m., and leaves again for Port Moresby at 9.5 a.m., reaching there at 10.15 a.m.

Dragon DHB4 aircraft operate the following internal services in New Guinea:— Every Tuesday depart Madang at 7 a.m. for Goroka, Kainantu, Aiyura, Arona, returning to Madang at noon the same day. Calls as required for loading are made between Arona and Madang.

Every Thursday departs Madang at 7 a.m. for Wabag, Baiyer River, Mt. Hagen, with optional calls at Kerowagi and Chimbu, and returning to Madang at noon the same day.

Every Friday departs Lae at 6.30 a.m. calling at any or all of the following places as required. Nadzab, Kiaipit, Arona, Aiyura, Kainantu, Bena Bena, Goroka, Chimbu, Kerowagi, Kup, Nondugl, Banz, Minj, Mt. Hagen, Ogelbeng, Baiyer River, Wabamunda, Wabag. t)ragon planes operate between Lae and Wau and Bulolo on five days’ per week. Departing Lae on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. Flights from Wau to Lae are on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. Flight time 1 hour 5 minutes each way.

Every Tuesday departs Lae at 7 a.m. for Garaina and returns same day at 9 a.m.

Trans-Tasmon Service Sydney—Auckland TASMAN Empire Airways, Ltd., operate a flying-boat service between Rose Bay, Sydney, and Mechanics Bay, Auckland, with a fleet of four hew Solent flying-boats each with a capacity for 45 passengers in Severn £*ll- - cabins on two decks. Full fresh-cooked meals are served en route Average crossing time is 6/2 hours. Depart Sydney 11.59 p.m.

They “depaH"f rom “and 2 15 p m Fares: £A39/8/-. £NZ3I/10/-, single; £A7O/19/-, £NZS6/14/- return, Passenger reservations may be made in Aus- STSS leading travel agents. In New Zealand book through TEAL (Auckland and Wellington) or any leading travel agents. 95 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

£ s. d. £ s. d.

Single. Return.

Sydney-Seattle 265 10 0 477 18 0 Sydney-’Frisco 265 10 0 477 18 0 Sydney-Honolulu .. .. 217 15 0 391 19 0 Sydney-Fiji 57 15 0 103 19 0 Auckland-Seattle .. .. 246 5 0 443 5 0 Auckland-Honolulu ... 199 0 0 358 4 0 Auckland-Flji 39 0 0 69 15 0 Auckland-’Frisco .. .. 249 5 0 443 5 0 Stas, covers, mine TENTS, TARPAULINS, and all classes of CANVAS GOODS for industrial & home use FLAGS AND PENNANTS FOR CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS.

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Cables: “THORNMOTOR,” Sydney.

Trans Tasman Services Sydney—Wellington TASMAN Empire Airways, Ltd., operate a regular flying-boat service between Sydney and Wellington with Solent flying-boats.

Services depart Sydney at 10.30 p.m. on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Sunday; and depart Wellington at 11 a.m. on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

The fares are £A39/8/-, £NZ3I/10/- single; £ A7O/19/-, £ NZS6/14/- return.

Melbourne-Christchurch TEAL’S Melbourne-Christchurch air service commenced June 28-29., The schedule:— Dep. Melbourne—ll p.m. (Aust. time) Thursday.

Arr. Christchurch—B.ls a.m. (NZ time) Friday.

Dep. Christchurch 11 a.m. (NZ time) Friday.

Arr. Melbourne—7.2o p.m. (Aust. time) Friday.

For an initial period of six months, while the service is of an exploratory nature, it will be operated by a DC4 aircraft of Qantas Empire Airways, Ltd., under charter to TEAL. Fares: Single, Melbourne - Christchurch, £A44/2/- (£NZ3S/5/-); return, Melbourne-Christchurch, £ A79/8/- ( £ NZ63/9/-).

Fronce-Indo-China- Aust.-N. Caledonia THE French national airways Air France, runs a 28 days service between Pans and New Caledonia, and return. Stops are made at Damascus, Karachi, Calcutta, Saigon, Batavia, Darwin, Brisbane.

DC4 Skymasters are used in the service between Saigon and New Caledonia, Lockheed Constellations between Saigon-Paris, and Messageries Marltimes are agents in Australia.

Fare between Brisbane and Tontouta (Noumea) are £3O/12/6 single, £55/2/6 return. Sydney- Tontouta, £37/10/- single, £67/10/- return.

Pan-American— Trans-Pacific Service PAN-AMERICAN World Airways clippers now provide the following services in the South Pacific, using Strato Clippers, equipped with Sleeperettes and berths. (Passengers may book either accommodation.) Planes leave Sydney Thursday and Sunday for San Francisco, Nadi (Fiji), Canton Island and Honolulu.

The return flights are made from San Francisco every Sunday, Wednesday, via Honolulu, Canton Island and Nadi, and from Seattle once weekly, via Portland, Honolulu, Canton Island and Nadi.

DC4 Clippers once weekly run a shuttle service between Auckland and Nadi, Fiji, and return to connect with the Strato Clippers. (Time-tables and fares subject to alteration without notice.) To convert to Fiji currency, reduce above by 12 V 2 per cent.

Free baggage allowance is 30 kilos per person.

Excess baggange charged at 1 per cent, of single tare; per kilo up to 10 kilos; Vz per cent, for every kilo over 10 kilos. 96 JULY, 1951- PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

are: Single.

Return.

Sydney-Noumea .. . £37 10 0 £67 10 0 Sydney-Suva 55 10 0 99 18 0 Noumea-Suva ... , 20 5 0 36 9 0 ss /*/

Blaxland - Chapman Engines

for Islands Service

Easily Maintenanced • Reliable

Humid island heat has no effect on rugged, Blaxland-Chapman motors. An exclusive feature is the patent “BOUNCE" start magneto. It is vertically mounted to clear bilge water, easily detachable, instantly replaceable and automatically timed.

These motors have power in excess of their rated HP., thus providing that extra “punch” necessary to combat a heavy swell or swift running tide. % m H.P. Super Pup.

Special Islands Service

Islands residents can rely on immediate attention to their inquiries and orders for Blaxland-Chapman marine engines, launches, pumping units and other engineering requirements from Kerr Bros.

Pty., Ltd., sole Pacific distributors for Blaxland Rae Pty., Ltd. (Successors to Chapman & Sherack). 3V 2 H.P. Blaxland Pup Inquiries are Invited.

KERR BROS 255 A GEORGE ST., SYDNEY.

Box 3838, G.P.O. Cables “CARE,” Sydney.

Sydney-Vancouver BCPA Service BRITISH Commonwealth Pacific Airlines. Ltd., operate a twice weekly trans-Pac(flc service from Sydney to Vancouver, via Fiji, Canton Island, Honolulu and San Francisco; and a weekly service between Auckland and Vancouver via the same ports.

Planes leave Sydney every Wednesday and Saturday, and Vancouver on the Southbound trip every Monday and Thursday. Every fourth trip from Sydney terminates at San Francisco Instead of Vancouver.

Planes leave Auckland every Tuesday and arrive in Vancouver the following Wednesday The Southbound trip to Auckland commences from Vancouver every alternate Friday. Every other Friday the service commences at San Francisco.

B.C.P.A. services make regular connections at both San Francisco and Vancouver for onward carriage, via either New York or Montreal to the United Kingdom or Europe. The through fare from Sydney to London Is £325 (Aust.).

The fares for the Pacific flight are: Sydney- Nandi (Fiji). £AS7/15/- single, £AIO3/19/- return. Sydney-San Francisco, Seattle, Portland.

Los Angeles or Vancouver, £A265/8/- single, £ A477/15/- return. Auckland-Nandi (Fiji), £NZ3I single, £NZSS/16/- return. Auckland- San Francisco. Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles or Vancouver, £NZI97/3/- single. £NZ3S4/18/- return.

CPA Sydney-Vancouver Service CANADIAN Pacific Airlines, Ltd., run a transpacific service between Sydney and Vancouver. For the present there will be one northbound and one southbound trip per fortnight. Stops are made at Nadi (Fiji), Canton Island. Honolulu and San Francisco. The northbound flight commences from Sydney every alternate Wednesday.

Accommodaton is provided at hotels in Nadi and Honolulu, which is, of course, complimentary.

Douglas DC6 aircraft carrying 48 passengers (seated) or 37 passengers (in sleepers) and a crew of nine are used on the service.

Fares are (in Australian currency; Sydney- Vancouver, San Francisco-Los Angeles and Portland-Seattle, £265/8/- single. £477/15/- return; Flji-Vancouver, £207/8/- single, £373/7/- return; Sydney-Fiji, £57/15/- single. £lO3/19/- return; Sydney-Honolulu, £217/13/- single. £391/16/- return.

Bookings may be made at the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand. Limited, Sydney, or Melbourne: Union Steam Ship Co. of NZ. Ltd., Fiji, Canadian Pacific Airlines, Vancouver; Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Sydney or Melbourne.

TOA Services TRANS Oceanic Airways run the following Pacific services:— SYDNEY-LORD HOWE IS.: A regular weekly service with large four-engine flyingboats from Rose Bay. Fare: £lO/16/- single; £2l/12/- return. Free baggage allowance 44 lb.

Excess baggage and freight rate Bd. per lb.

SYDNEY-PORT MORESBY: Four-engined Solent flying-boats leave Sydney each Sunday at 7.15 p.m., make a call at Brisbane and reach Port Moresby early the following morning. They leave Port Moresby on the return flight each Monday at 8.30 a.m. The service connects with Mandated Airlines services in Papua-New Guinea.

SYDNEY-HOBART: The company now runs a thrice-weekly service direct to Hobart, Tasmania, from Sydney. It will be possible, therefore, for passengers to book from Moresby to Hobart, making an overnight stop in Sydney. Fares are: £l2 single, £24 return.

TEAL Flying Boat Service Auckland Fiji WITH 45 seater Solent flying-boats, Tasman Empire Airways, Limited, operat® a weekly Auckland-Suva-Lambasa and return service.

Aircraft depart Mechanics’ Bay, Auckland, a half hour alter midnight, each Tuesday, and operate to the following time-table: dep. Auckland .. .. 0.30 a.m. Tuesday arr. Suva 7.00 a.m. Tuesday dep. Suva 9.00 a.m. Tuesday arr. Lambasa .. .. 10.00 a.m. Tuesday dep. Lambasa .. . . noon Tuesday arr. Suva 1.00 p.m. Tuesday dep. Suva 700 a.m. Wednesday arr. Auckland .. .. 1.30 p.m. Wednesday Fares (Single): Auckland-Suva, £3l (NZ). £34/9/- (Fijian), £3B/15/- (Aust.); (Return); £55/16/- (NZ), £6l/19/- (Fijian), £69/15/- Aust.).

Suva-Lambasa (Single): £4/10/- (NZ), £5 (Fijian), £5/12/6 (Aust.); (Return): £B/2/- NZ), £9 (Fijian), £lO/2/6 (Aust.).

Reservations may be made through TEAL (New Zealand), Qantas or TAA (Australia), NZNAC (Suva) or any leading travel agents.

Sydney— Noumea-Suvo following Is the time-table of the Qantas Sandringham flying-boat:— Sydney dep. 9.30 p.m. Mondays.

Noumea arr. 6.30 a.m. Tuesdays.

Noumea dep 8.30 a.m. Tuesdays.

Suva arr. 3 p.m. Tuesdays.

Suva dep. 6 a.m. Wednesdays.

Noumea .. arr. 10.30 a.m. Wednesdays.

Noumea .. . . dep. 12.30 p.m. Wednesdays.

Sydney . . . . arr. 7.45 p.m. Wednesdays.

Intending passengers may book through Qantas offices in Australia. Burns Philp (South Sea) Company, in Suva; and J. Brock, in Noumea.

The fares for this service in Aust. currency 97 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— JULY, 1951

- & .cT V V Q \ x ? \>v* -JA <?' V s° v jf*-

South Pacific Skyways

4S*

To New Zealand

From Sydney-Or Suva

<r I y*- 'O': I I unT I & Fly by fast TEAL airliners to scenic New Zealand. You’ll appreciate the fine service, delicious meals. New Zealand is now so close. This year take the best holiday you’ve ever had—fly by TEAL to New Zealand and enjoy all the scenic wonders on a short vacation. ;

To New Zealand

TASMAN EMPIRE AIRWAYS LIMITED in association with QEA and BOAC Reservations: TEAL, QEA, NAC, TAA, Leading Travel Agents

Berry’S Bay

BOATYARD (B. J. Halvorsen—Manager) Specialists in Island vessels.

All kinds of boat-building and repairing.

New and used boats and engines for sale.

Quotations and estimates free.

Berry’S Bay Boatyard

John Street, North Sydney, N.S.W. □o an □n □□ PRIVATE HOTEL, Priory Road, North Sydney.

Only five minutes’ drive across the Sydney Harbour Bridge from the City, “Bellhaven” is quietly situated—your rest is assured in this new, comfortably furnished and well serviced hotel.

Handy to transport for beaches, Olympic Pool, Zoo, all sights, and Australia’s leading City of entertainment and night life—Sydney.

Modern Room or Suite Accommodation.

TARIFF FROM 16/6 PER DAY.

Manager : A. L. GUARD.

Write or Cable “Bellhaven,” North Sydney.

Phone: XA 1746.

The Garrick Hotel ■f*e*s T SUVA FIJI k M • SJ? * This well-known Hotel is centrally situated in Suva's main business quarter : : Modern accommodation provides comfort in all climatic conditions : : Only the best of Beers, Spirits and Wines is served.

Telephone: 80. VINCE COSTELLO, Proprietor.

Sydney-Norfolk Is.

Qantas run a DC4 Skymaster alt. Thursdays returning same day) from Sydney to Norfolk Island. Fare, £25 single; £45 return. (For Nortolk Island, see also under NZ National Airways.) Sydney-New Hebrides Q ANT AS operate a service to the New Hebrides with Sandringham flying-boats calling at Noumea, Port Vila and Esoiritu Santo. Frequent con-scheduled flights are made, subject to the approval of the Governments concerned.

TEAL Flying-Boat Service NZ-Chatham Islands TASMAN Empire Airways, Ltd., operate a Solent Flying-boat service from Auckland-Wellington to the Chatham Islands and return, at monthly intervals from October to April.

Fares are, from Auckland, £l6/10/- single; £33 return; and from Wellington, £ll single: and £22 return.

Darwin—Netherlands New Guinea Service THE service between Batavia, NEI, and Biak, Netherlands New Guinea, has been discontinued and a new service from Darwin to Biak and return has been inaugurated.

The service is run by the Netherlands Government, with DC3 aircraft, chartered from KLM Airlines. The service is run once weekly.

Papua-NG Local Services MANDATED Airlines, Ltd., of Lae, New Guinea, and other private operators, run air services between Lae and the New Guinea mainland :entres of Wau, Bulolo, Madang, Wewak. Altape, Alt Hagen. Plnschhafen, Moresby, Kokoda—in fact anywhere In Papua or New Guinea where there I* an air-strip. These planes carry pas- •engers. malls and cargo on regular schedules or charter flights

Government Sawmill Cannot Provide All

Lae’S Timber Requirements

From Our Own Correspondent LAE, June 30.

NESTLING in the foothills to the East of Nadzab, and about 22 miles from Lae, is the Forestry Department’s saw mill known as Yalu Mill (the place name is shown on pre-war maps as “Jalu.”) The Army set up the mill for its own purposes but in 1946 it was taken over by the Department and has continued under its control ever since.

The area from which the timber is obtained is native land over which timber rights permit continued operation.

In Army days an old Ruston steam engine provided motive power for the mill, but the concrete foundations have moved to such a degree as to render the engine useless and the main power is now supplied by a Ruston-Diesel engine of 100 h.p. A Southern Cross 30 KVA engine supplies all necessary lighting for the plant and dwellings.

The mill .handles timber known as Taun and Kwila principally, the former being a general-purposes hardwood used in all building construction and furniture, but is not satisfactory when used below ground level. Kwila, also a hardwood, is mainly used for decking and flooring, and when selected carefully is an excellent timber. Other timbers worked, but in a lesser degree, are Rosewood and Walnut and Erima. The latter is a valuable commercial proposition, but requires treatment in Borax baths. There are several timbers in the area which, if so treated, would prove excellent.

Cedar is very rare in this area, but, when available, can be used to advantage for furniture although softer than the better known imported Cedar.

AT the present time timber is being cut in an area about three miles from the mill site, and here the majority of the native labour line of about 80 is engaged in felling and sawing to suitable lengths.

The felled timber is hauled by means of a drag line and winch, operated on a tractor power take-off, to a position at the end of the logging road, sawn into lengths, and then conveyed to the mill by timber jinkers and trailers.

The native labourers, when engaged in felling timber which has been selected by the operator in charge, erect a peculiar triangular scaffolding which is placed in position at the side of the tree and on which the axemen work. No nails are used in these constructions, all members being fastened together with stout creeper vines which abound in the forest areas.

An inspection of the cut-out areas shows that the natives build a separate scaffolding for each area, probably because it is easier than carrying the completed ones from place to place. Most limber is felled about 6 to 8 feet from the ground.

When the timber arrives at the mill it is 99 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Rheumatism, Ankles Puffy Backache, Kidneys Strained!

If you’re feeling out o-sorts, have Sleepless nights, or suffer from Dizziness, Nervousness, Backache, Leg Pains, Swollen Ankles, Rheumatism, Excess Acidity, or Loss of Energy and feel old before your time. Kidney Trouble is the true cause.

Wrong foods and drinks, worry, colds or overwork may create an excess of acids and place a heavy strain on your kidneys so that they function poorly and need help to properly refresh your blood and maintain health and energy.

Help Kidneys Doctors’ Way Many doctors have discovered by scientific clinical tests and in actual practice that a quick and sure way to help the kidneys clean out excess poisons and acids is with a scientifically prepared prescription called Cvstex Hundreds and hundreds of doctors’ records prove this.

No Benefit —No Pay The very first dose of Cystex goes right to work helping your kidneys remove excess acids.

Quickly, this makes you feel like new again. And so certain are the makers that Cystex will satisfy you completely they ask you to try it under a money back guarantee. You be the judge. If not entirely satisfied just return the empty package and get your money back.

Cystex costs little at chemists and stores and the money back guarantee protects you.

Cystex The Guaranteed Treatment for ION E Y S ladder RHEUMATISM STEAMSHIPS TRADING COMPANY LTD.

Port Moresby And Samarai Papua

Wholesale & Retail Merchants , Planters , Sawmillers, Proprietors , Shipping , Customs and Insurance Engineers , S/i/) Agents.

MANAGING AGENTS for: SAWMILLERS & TRADERS LTD.

CORAL SEA INSURANCE CO. LTD.

ACME BAKERY COMPANY.

MARIBOI RUBBER LTD.

RUBBERLANDS LTD.

KEREMA RUBBER PLANTATIONS LTD.

COCOALANDS LTD.

AGENCIES: HARVEY TRINDER (N.S.W.) PTY., LTD. (Insurances effected at Lloyd’s.) VACUUM OIL CO. PTY., LTD.

DIRECTORATE OP SHIPPING—Papua-New Guinea Division.

ROYAL INTEROCEAN LINE.

KOKE BAGU PTY., LTD.

TRANS OCEANIC AIRWAYS.

DISTRIBUTORS IN PAPUA for: ARMSTRONG-HOLLAND PTY., LTD.

Earth Moving and Logging Equipment.

WILLYS-OVERLAND EXPORT CORPORATION.

Jeep cars, etc.

HILLMAN MOTOR CARS.

International Harvester Co. Of Aust. Ltd

International Trucks, McCormlck-Deering Farming Machinery, Defender Refrigerators.

SYDNEY AGENTS: NELSON G ROBERTSON PTY. LTD., 12 SPRING STREET. winch-hauled up a chute to the breakingdown saws placed one above the other.

In the early days of Department control, great difficulty was experienced in obtaining replacements, but with ample supplies now on hand, and with the services of a skilled Saw-doctor, that difficulty has been removed.

For planing and dressing, such as tongue and grooved flooring, wall boards, cover strips, etc., the timber is carried by a small rail line to another building and the finished article is carefully stacked for seasoning and drying. rpHE output of the mill over the past six X months was 6,000 super feet per day.

The mill operates for public as well as government requirements but the Department of Works & Housing could utilise the whole output. As it is. the mill is unable to meet requirements of both the public and the department, and the question of permitting private enterprise to operate in approved areas under licence, demands attention.

With the exception of Bulolo Gold Dredging Limited and New Guinea Goldfields Limited, there are no private mills near Lae.

If the aim of the present Government in Australia is to encourage private enterprise and not operate in competition against it, a much more valuable contribution to the timber industry would result if the Department of Forestry were to exploit the development of timber areas and act in an advisory capacity to private enterprise, which, conducted on a purely commercial basis, and free from the unmerciful overhead usually associated with government administration, could result in lower selling prices.

Recently all processed timber prices were increased, although it is understood that the overall profit to the mill over the past year was in the vicinity of 2/- per 100 log super ft.

It is generally agreed that the timber industry in New Guinea has in no wise been fully exploited, and with an unprecedented demand for timber for building and constructional purposes, not only here, but on the mainland, early attention to the question of private enterprise, supported by the Commonwealth Government to the extent of withdrawing from the field as a competitor, must have beneficial results.

THE European employees at Yalu enjoy pleasant living conditions, but, to date, the Department of Forestry has made no contribution to housing problems other than to supply timber and roofing to enable the staff to build their own homes, in their own time. 100 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Now Available For the Islands.

Holland Rusk

and Allied Products We manufacture Holland Rusks, Butter Johns, Speculaas, Jubilee Par-T-Pack, Almond Rings, Breakfast Cake, Edam Cheese Crunches, Cocktail Buttons, and Celery Rondelles, etc. Individually packed and shipped in sealed tins and cases for the Tropics.

Write for Price List.

"Holland Rusk"

32 PARRAMATTA ROAD, STRATHFIELD, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Products on sale at Colyer Watson (N.G.) Ltd.’s stores. Or order froun your favourite Agent.

MUNGO SCOTT PTY. LTD.

Flour Millers, Summer Hill, N.S.W., Australia Established 1894.

BLUE FINE AND DRY ! ft SUPERB SUPERB IT'S QUALITY THAT COUNTS !

The unvaried “Quality” of “BLUE SUPERB FLOUR” makes it especially suitable to climatic conditions of the Pacific Islands. Our Entoletion process reduces the risk of insect infestation to a minimum. All Good Bakers use “BLUE-SUPERB.” Our Pacific Representative will call on you soon.

News Notes From

LAE From Our Own Correspondent LAE, June 30.

BUILDING THERE has been considerable activity in building projects in Lae during the past month.

The new Shell Company distributing depot, in Air Corps Road, adjacent to the bulk installation plant of the Vacuum Oil Company, is almost completed and already the Company has moved in.

The main bulk installation for the Shell Company will be at Port Moresby.

Milfordhaven Road is the scene of much activity where the Department of Works & Housing is erecting stores and workshops buildings, covering a large area.

Burns Philp will also be commencing on bulk stores in the wharf area, while the new Customs shed at the Lae wharf is well under way.

On top, in the new Town area, staff quarters are being erected for the Departments of Civil Aviation and Works & Housing, and the new Masonic Temple is nearing completion.

The New Hotel Cecil is having all interior fittings and furnishings completed, but the date of opening is still in doubt.

A new structure is even appearing at the Lae European Hospital. It is built up against the male ward, and is to provide better lavatory and washing accommodation for male patients. Its position, however, does not appear to be in the best interests of the patients.

Almost completed in Air Corps Road, at the rear of the section to be occupied by Works and Housing in Milfordhaven Road, are 13 steel structures of the Sidney-Williams type, complete with brand new galvanised iron roofing and walls, and concrete floors. Out-buildings, and mess rooms are also provided.

Local builders estimate the total cost, including materials and labour to be in the vicinity of £25,000. They are intended to house W&H native labourers.

Meantime the Department is experiencing a shortage of European staff and cannot make further engagements owing to shortage of accommodation. Some of the men are now living in renovated “paper” war-time structures, where sanitation facilities are of the lowest type.

With such a shortage of galvanised iron and cement, the lavish consideration shown to the native housing project seems to some to be a bit over the fence.

BIRTHS A NUMBER of births were reported at the European Hospital during June —all girls. For the second time since 1946, twins were born—the parents on this occasion being Mr. and Mrs. George Barcroft, of the Department of Forestry, Yalu.

Other residents who became proud parents of daughters were Mr. and Mrs.

G. Eekhoff (Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd,); Mr. and Mrs. Bob Haughey (Shell Coy.); Mr. and Mrs. Jack McArthur (Lae Taxis); Mr. and Mrs. R. Martin (Customs Dept.); and Mr. and Mrs. R. Mears (Dept, of Civil Aviation).

THE action of the District Commissioner, Mr. H. L. R. Niall, in making available for full time duties, native labour to keep the General cemetery grounds in order has been well received by residents.

Situated in low-lying ground near the western end of the airstrip, the cemetery always appeared to be hidden by the heavy growth of grass, etc. Already the area has been cleared and paths and graves are receiving attention.

LAE weather in June was outstanding for the torrential rains experienced.

In one period of 17 days, over 27 inches were recorded; the heaviest fall for any one 24 hours was 890 points.

Low-lying areas were flooded and the roads and culverts in the beach area of the town suffered considerably. Erosion along the water front near the baths is continuing at an alarming rate and a collapse of the baths is a possibility in the near future.

The heavy rains showed up the unsatisfactory drainage of the new sports area in the town, but an effort is now being made to level off the surface by handspreading material. Whether this method will have the desired result remains to be seen.

Football matches are still being played on the old ground in Busu Road, but cricketing enthusiasts who last year laid down a new concrete wicket at the town oval are hopeful that the ground will be available for the 1951-52 series of matches.

Postal Charges

ONE of the anomalies in the postage system of New Guinea and Papua is the necessity to affix full air mail rates between Port Moresby and New Guinea towns and vice versa.

There are, it is understood, certain days when ordinary mail rates apply, but no clear information is available as to when these occur.

The only means of prompt delivery is by air, and as ordinary rates apply in air services from Lae to other New Guinea areas, it is felt that the additional charges f or p o rt Moresby and Rabaul mails are unreasonable, as the only other medium is per ship mail, which is so irregular as to render such a service useless, pirTCTßirinv

Car Registration Costs

TAETAILS just announced of the new ±J scale of charges for motor registrations in Papua and New Guinea, designed to bring the Territory’s road code into Native Labourers’ Quarters. 101 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Weary, Dreary People Put Some GO Into Your Life Too many men, women and girls suffer aching backs, headaches, and feel dreadfully tired — tired, always tired. The cause? Very often, anaemia or bloodlessness.

You see the symptoms in dull eyes, pallid cheeks and lips, breathlessness, vague aches, exhaustion after the slightest exertion. Young children, especially girls, suffer frequently.

If you haven’t blood normal in red corpuscles, you are not receiving ■ sufficient energy-giving oxygen which Is dispersed by the blood throughout your body every second of the day and night. Your nerves, organs and tissues are not properly nourished and you remain weary and dreary.

Get the GO which rich red blood can give you. Take the famous Dr. Williams’ Pink Pills for a few weeks. Dr. Williams’ Pink Pills are specially compounded to provide you with a normal rich blood supply. Always at your chemist or store.

The new BIH ALL WORLD r RECEIVE Of special interest to you that it has: — 6 volt Accumulator Operation Low Current Consumption Outstanding Performance and Reliability A wealth of practical experience in the design of shortwave receivers for tropical markets has been embodied in the Eddystone “All World Six” Receiver. It is designed to provide the remote “out-station” listener with a specialist built receiver capable of first rate performance and possessing the important feature of low battery consumption. Selectivity, sensitivity, quality of reproduction and performance on all wave bands, including the highest frequencies, will satisfy the most critical. Workmanship and quality of materials used are of the finest to ensure the highest possible degree of reliability.

The wave range of the “All World Six” Receiver is continuous from 30.6 Mc/s to 484 Kc/s (9.8 to 620 metres). The current consumption is only 2.5 amperes from a 6 volt accumulator and no H.T. battery is required. This receiver is eminently suitable for those who, lacking electric supply mains, want performance equivalent to a mains-operated receiver, allied to the utmost economy in current consumption.

Manufactured by Stratton and Co. Ltd., Birmingham, England.

Available for export from Australia ex Bond Store from the factory representatives’.

R. H. CUNNINGHAM PTY. LTD.

62 Stanhope Street, Malvern, Victoria

Cables; “CUNNIG,” MELBOURNE. ’Phone: UY6274.

Specialists in all Receiver and Communications Equipment. line with those of Australian States, indicate an almost 50 per cent, increase on existing rates in New Guinea, where registration of motor vehicles has been in force for some years.

The new rates range from £4/4 - to £l5/15/-, and will apply for the first time in Papua, where registration has not been required before.

In an area where army-type vehicles, with left hand drive outnumber conventional vehicles by 5 to 1, owners are slightly amused at the requirement to have the words “left hand drive” displayed in three inch letters at the rear of the vehicle, as a warning to the lesser numbered right-hand types.

The regulations are framed as a safety measure, and provision is made for offences against packed vehicles used in transporting native labour. At the present time, the Administration vehicles are the worst offenders in this respect, and the general public will appreciate the limitation, as well as the fixing of a speed limit within certain town boundaries.

Native drivers, with absolutely no road sense, form the major section of persons in charge of vehicles, and in an effort to instil some idea of official requirements, the police will issue a pamphlet setting out the new road-safety code, printed in English, Pidgin and Motu.

The Department of Education will be hard pressed to cope with the inevitable demand to teach the greater percentage of native drivers to read before the manuals will be of any benefit.

PERSONAL ASSISTANT Sub-Inspector Mike Brown, who has been on extended leave has returned to take up duties again in Lae. With his family, he spent most of his leave with relatives in New Zealand.

Mr. Arthur Hyde, well-known business man from Finschhafen, and a frequent visitor to the mainland, has finalised his business affairs in the Territory and has left for South.

Mrs. Bob Beverley, a well-known Lae hostess, who has been spending a lengthy vacation in Sydney, returned on the last Bulolo, as did Messrs. Ike Bitten and Col.

Hodgson, well-known Bulolo Gold Dredging identities.

Mr. and Mrs. Les Hawkens (he was in charge of the Bulolo Post Office) left for furlough on the Bulolo and will be relieved by Mr. Dave Mills, of the Lae office.

Another business identity who has relinquished his activities in Lae is Mr. A.

E. Hosie, who, for many years, has been a leading building and joinery contractor in Lae. Most of his plant and equipment was shipped on the Bulolo to Hornibrook’s of Port Moresby, and the remainder of the business, including properties, buildings, etc., have been purchased by Buntings. Mr. Hosie will take a lengthy vacation South before returning to the Islands.

Mr. John Baker, who has been actingmanager for BP’s in Lae for some time, has left for relieving duty at Madang, and later at Rataaul. He will return to Lae some time in the New Year before proceeding on leave. • Miss Flora Stewart, daughter of Mrs.

Flo Stewart, well-known owner of the Hotel Cecil, Lae, has returned from an overseas trip which took in quite a large section of India. Formerly with Vacuum Oil Coy’s office staff, Miss Stewart is assisting her mother in the task of preparing for the transfer to the new hotel.

Administration Surveyor Brook Webb, still in hospital after an operation to his knee, is. rapidly improving but will be offduty for some time yet.

Contractor Jack Parnell, another oldtimer, has been ill for some time and finds hospital life extremely irksome after a full and useful period of years in the Territory.

At the end of June Mr. James Hill, Senior Transport Officer of the Vacuum Oil Coy, Lae, was married to Miss Betty Haller, of East Melbourne, Victoria. The ceremony took place in the Lutheran Mission and guests were entertained later at a reception at Voco Mess. 102 JULY, 195 1 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

MILLERS LTD. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii SUVA and LAUTOKA, FIJI.

Every Branch of Engineering and Building Construction Sawmillers and Timber Merchants; Shipwrights and Sailmakers; Joinery and Furniture Manufacturers; Upholsterers; Plumbers; Electricians; Hardware Merchants; Motor Dealers.

AGENCIES : Chevrolet, Bedford, Vauxhall, Nash Motors. Firestone Tyres. Fetters Marine and Stationary Engines. G.E.C. Radio Sets. British Australian Lead Manufacturers Pty., Ltd. Atlas Assurance Co., Ltd. 111 mi There is no need to send to Australia or New Zealand for Repairs or Replacements. We can give you a sound Quotation and guarantee First-Class Workmanship. 7iz $ 16 10 ?<* i K G m*. ■Enjoy the Ovenfresh Crispness and flavour of grtS*** This well-designed, airtight and moisture-proof pack brings you Savoury SAY-VEE Crackers in perfect condition. Try them with jam, cheese or any other favoured spread.

Each packet contains I lb. net ... 4 dozen appetising, wholesome crackers ideal for suppers, luncheons and ’tween-meal snacks.

TALLERMAN & CO. PTY. LTD. 60-62 York Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

Cable Address: “FRESHET,” SYDNEY.

Dissatisfied Tourist

PASSENGERS on the recent visit of Bulolo were critical at the lack of interest shown by the owners in the welfare of tourists at various ports of call in the Territory.

It was felt that as they had been attracted by publicity as to the sightseeing potentialities throughout the trip, they should not have had to make their own arrangements for tours while in port.

Two prominent Melbourne business executives, who were able to cover a lot of ground while the Bulolo was in port at Lae, at the end of June, were full of praise for the town, although they had been informed by ship’s officers that Lae was a most uninteresting place.

If the tourist is of value to the Territory, it should be worth while seeing that every facility is available to enable him to obtain a good impression of places visited.

Are These Things

GOOD

For The Bsi Natives?

Letter to the Editor 1 THINK that the Solomon Islands Government is open to some constructive criticism concerning its native cooperative stores scheme, and bread-making in native villages.

The co-operative stores import goods, and particularly food. Has the Government not observed the increasing tendency amongst natives to neglect their gardens? What better food, from a health point of view, could these people have than root vegetables, greens, corn, fruits?

All these, and many more edible and valuable things, can be grown. Fish are plentiful, but the majority of natives now seem too lazy to spend a few hours fishing.

One can live off the land here; and, if an intensive cultivation scheme was introduced, and encouraged by Government, it would be of real benefit.

By encouraging the natives to import food, we defeat the much-talked-about new agricultural methods. The natives are quite adequately serviced by European and Chinese stores, if they need a change in diet.

Does the Government not realise that there is a world-wide shortage of essential foods and that people are being asked to grow more, and that people in other parts of the world are actually starving? Why not encourage the natives to become really self-supporting?

Supposing the importation scheme develops—as it surely will whilst the natives have money and their natural laziness is encouraged—and then shipping suddenly ceases—what would happen then? Why should the natives not contribute to something of real value?

Judging by the number of baker’s licences issued to natives by the Government, bread-making is thought to be a great step forward. These licences are being granted to natives —one at each village.

No thought seems to have been given to hygiene—the science of preserving health —and bread-making in native villages is very definitely not hygienic. These native bakers have no idea of hygiene. Flies, the greatest disease carriers, do not mean a thing to natives.

In any event, the change to a bread diet is not a particularly good thing for these people. Laziness, again, is being encouraged; essential gardening is neglected, and health standards definitely lected, and health standards will fall.

One cannot see any real advance of native welfare in either project— I am, etc., INTERESTED OBSERVER.

A recent issue of the Gazette of the Western Pacific High Commission shows that Mr.

R. D. Blandy, CMG. QBE, left the position of British Resident Commissioner in New Hebrides, on retirement leave, on November 10. 1950; that Judge H. J. M. Flaxman, who had assumed office as British Judge in the Joint Court of the New Hebrides in November, 1949. became Resident Commissioner on November 10, 1950; and that Mr. B.

F. Blackwell, who has acted as Resident Commissioner for a time, handed over to Judge Flaxman in April, 1951, and resumed duty as Assistant Resident Commissioner.

Rabaul Wedding

A photograph taken after the wedding of Miss Louise Burrows to Mr. Jack Lee on June 2. (See page 55, this issue.) 103 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

William E. Reed (Established 1913) Island Trade Broker & Commission Agent 145 a GEORGE ST., CIRCULAR QUAY, SYDNEY.

For more than 36 years the PERSONAL buying services of WILLIAM E. REED, backed by an experienced staff has ensured prompt and reliable service at lowest cost to Missions, Planters and Traders throughout the Pacific. We operate on a WHOLESALE basis only. You receive original invoices at invoiced cost.

Purchase and delivery of Island craft a speciality.

Enquiries invited for all plantation and trading requirements. Island products sold on a commission basis.

Cables: "WILREED," Sydney

Trading Boats

We have available a comprehensive range of petrol powered and diesel powered craft from 34 ft. upwards which, with slight alteration, are ideally suited to carrying 7/10 tons cargo.

They include:— 50 ft. x 12 ft. x 3 ft. 6/4 ft. HARD CHINE BOAT, built of double skinned ply, copper sheathed, and powered with twin Chrysler Crown engines. 350 gallons petrol tanks . . £2,750 40 ft. WORK BOAT. 11 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 9 in., with 20 h.p. S.C. diesel. Flush decked, wheelhouse aft. Main hatch 10 ft. 6 in. x 1 0 ft. Smaller hatch 4 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft. 6in £1,750' 31 ft. x 1 1 ft. x 4 ft. FISHING BOAT, with 30 h.p. diesel. Deck winch. Hatch could be enlarged to carry about 4 tons. 41 ft. 6 in. x 14 ft. 4 in. DEEP SEA FISHING CRAFT. 40 h.p diesel. Hatch 9 ft. x 7 ft. x 5 ft. deep. . . £4,200. And others.

Telegraph or write for full details and pictures.

ALSO . we have a wide range of ketches, cutters and yawls with auxiliary power from £2,400 upwards.

AND . . . many raised deck, bridge deck and flush deck single and twin-engines cruisers.

WRITE, TELEGRAPH OR CALL.

18 Japs Finally Accept The

End Of The War

AN extraordinary sequel to the Pacifie war was the discovery that 18 Japanese still were holding out on Anatahan (a small mountainous island in the Marianas, about 60 miles north of Saipan).

On June 10, 1944, American planes sank three Jap merchantmen in Anatahan harbour, and 33 Japanese personnel scrambled ashore. They made a camp and lived on the country; and they had a machine-gun and a few rifles.

When, at the end of the war, American warships visited the island, the Japanese refused to surrender and insisted that their country was not beaten. The Yanks left them to it; and they have lived precariously there ever since. Their numbers decreased slowly to 18.

In 1951, when the Americans found that the Japanese remnant was still defiant, they asked the Japanese Government to act. So, recently, a US Navy beach party left in Anatahan, near the Jap camp, a waterproof box containing photographs and documents, including a letter from the Japanese Government telling them that the war was over, and their families wanted them to come home.

The Japanese surrendered to the Americans in June and were sent home to Japan.

If the plan had not worked, the Navy would have sent a party ashore, to take the camp by direct assault.

Japanese Seek Return

Of N. Pacific Islands

IT is reported that Japan has opened a diplomatic offensive for the return of several pre-war Pacific possessions, including the island of Okinawa and the Bonin group.

In private representations to America, the Japanese Government is understood to have sought the return of all former possessions in the northern Pacific, including the Ryukius the Russian-held Kuriles, the Bonin group, Tsu-shima (off the south coast of Korea) and Iwojima.

For the time being at least, the Japanese are resigned to the loss of mandated South Pacific islands (Carolines, Marshalls and Marianas) which they converted into fortresses in the years between the world wars. The Japanese contention is that the northern Pacific Islands were acquired “peacefully” in the course of Japan’s growth as a Pacific power and that the inhabitants consider themselves Japanese.

Danger Of Short Supplies

To The Islands

THE fact that all kinds of essential goods are now in increasingly short supply in Australia and New Zealand is creating a problem in many Pacific Islands which depend on those countries for supplies.

It was reported in Sydney at the end of June, for example, that the store of meat for the 100 Europeans in Honiara, in the Solomons, had practically disappeared, and that it now was practically impossible there to obtain such things as hardware and building materials.

Behind the scenes, in ports like Sydney and Auckland, there is a constant scramble, growing in intensity, to get a wide range of goods for shipment to the Islands. . , The position in Australia is becoming acute. The combined effect of strikes, Red go-slow-ism, the 40-hour week, and general laziness and inefficiency, is creating a grave problem throughout Australia.

And there is no relief in sight. 104 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

New Guinea Memorial

SCHOLARSHIP Candidates shall be sons or daughters of deceased British or Australian former residents of Papua-New Guinea, whether civilians or members of the Armed Forces, who lost their lives through enemy action; or, if no award is made to an applicant in the above category, an award may be made to a child of any discharged serviceman or servicewoman resident in the Territory of Papua-New Guinea.

Candidates shall be not over the age of 14 years and 6 months on the first day of January in the year in which the Scholarship is to be awarded.

Candidates shall have been in continuous and regular attendance at a school in Victoria during the previous year before that for which the Scholarship is to be awarded.

The award of the Scholarship shall be made by the Trustees on the recommendation of the Director of Education, who shall be guided in his recommendation by the result of a competitive examination to be conducted by the Education Department each year.

The subjects and conditions of the competitive examination shall be those prescribed for Junior Scholarships under the Education Department’s Regulations XXI.

Children eligible to apply for the above Scholarship should obtain application forms from the

Perpetual Executors And Trustees

Association Of Australia, Limited, Of

100 Queen Street, Melbourne, Victoria, complete and return forms by October 1, 1951.

Further details may be obtained from Mrs.

Frank May, “Yarra Braes,” Eltham, Victoria.

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Head Tax Off In Nauru

THE Australian Government has generously lifted the head tax paid by all residents of Nauru—said to have originated in the German days. This is £2 for Europeans, £1 for Chinese and 15/for native inhabitants.

No one seems to know why it has been lifted. It can be assumed, of course, that the phosphate industry is rich enough to carry Nauru along without the help of the inhabitants; and for some reason best known to themselves, socialists of various colourings have always been against “head” taxes.

The new Australian Minister for Territories says that “no other tax will be imposed” but that the “fiscal policy of the island will be investigated.”

New Samoan Democratic

PARTY Prom Our Own Correspondent APIA, June 20.

THE chairman of the recently formed Samoan Democratic Party, Chief Fonoti and his Committee, were recently invited to meet the High Commissioner and discuss with him matters regarding the aims and obligations for which the Party was formed.

The interview was informal. The only concrete matter of policy submitted by the Party seems to have been the desire to have the electoral system for the Fono of Faipule, the Samoan Parliament, altered along more democratic lines, preferably the universal and equal franchise for all men over 21 years old.

The Party is not in favour of votes for women and also prefers to have only matais (chiefs) as candidates for election to the Fono of Faipule.

The Party leader stressed that the Party was not in opposition to the Government but would try to bring about political improvements in a democratic and lawful way.

Married In Hawaii

A photo taken after the wedding in Hawaii recently of Miss Lily Mansell, of Suva, Fiji, to Lieut.

Arthur S. Schlofman, of the United States Naval Air Service. In the absence of her parents, the bride was escorted to the altar by Rear- Admiral Leon S. Fiske, United States Navy. The picture from left to right shows Ensign L. P.

Hage (best man), Mrs. Julie Vincent (Matron of Honour), the groom and bride, Mrs. L. Fiske and Rear-Admiral Fiske. 105 PACIi IC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

“Where The Blow”

STILL AVAILABLE for your entertainment . . . .

This book of over 70 stories, articles and sketches, illustrated with cartoons and photographs, describes life in the South Pacific as it has developed in the past decade. It is written about South Seas people and places by those who know the islands—with the emphasis always on the amusing side of life.

A delightful gift-book for your friends. A source of entertainment to yourself.

At all Leading Booksellers in Australia and New Zealand; from Steele's Book Store, in Suva; and from the main Islands Stores. r OR DIRECT FROM THE PUBLISHERS: Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd. 7th FLOOR, UNION HOUSE, 247 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

Trade Winds ' Collected by R. W. Robson and (Posted, 8/6 or $1 U.S.) J uc jy Tudor PRICE 7/6

Yachts And Yachtsmen

ACTIVE

In Polynesia

SOME official interest is being shown in the voyagings of the attractive yacht New Golden Hind, now thought to be somewhere between Tahiti and Hawaii.

A few months ago, she was sold at auction by the New Zealand Government, and purchased by Mr. Athol Rusden, who had just sold his Pacific-cruising yacht Lady Sterling. With Mr. Ron Baker an Auckland musician and a crew of eight young Americans and New Zealanders, Mr. Rusden sailed the Hind out of Auckland, to the Cook Islands, where he picked up 400 cases of oranges for Tahiti.

This constituted trading; and officials claim that the Hind was not registered as a trading vessel. There appear to be other official complications.

Prom Papeete the Hind has sailed to Honolulu, carrying a crew wherewith to bring back to Tahiti the 135 ft. motor cruiser Tearama, which Mr. Cornelius Crane (American millionaire who has settled in Tahiti) proposes to use in the new tourist trade between Hawaii and French Oceania. But now the Papeete officials are inquiring urgently about the Hind—something about her “papers.”

The Tearama was formerly the German brigantine Vega and has a powerful Diesel motor.

The Fiji yacht Siren, chartered from Captain Grey (now a resident of Kawau Island, near Auckland) is doing well around the Cook Islands —plenty of shell, and fast trips. dagger and Harvey’s converted American yacht Ornant was damaged slightly in a boisterous voyage from Fiji to Auckland.

But she left Auckland, spick and span, for Rarotonga in June, under Captain McLeod (ex-Huia, ex-Le Reta).

Tahiti’S First Motor Car

Associated Plantations Pty., Ltd., registered, in New South Wales, and owning plantations in the British Solomon Islands, has decided to reduce its issued capital from £85,000 to £33,000, and has applied to the Supreme Court for permission to take this step, and to sanction an arrangement that has been entered into concerning the rights and priorities of the holders of the cumulative preference shares.

Filariasis Conference In

Tahiti Next Month

THE conference of experts on filariasis and elephantiasis, under the auspices of the South Pacific Commission, will open in Papeete in September, and may last two weeks. The Governor of French Oceania will be chairman.

The Conference, representing Governments, territorial administrations, and international scientific bodies, proposes to:— A. Define the various problems raised by filariasis and elephantiasis, especially in the South Pacific.

B. Determine the research work to be continued or undertaken to solve these problems.

C. Propose and recommend appropriate measures to be taken for the control of these diseases, taking into account the social and economic conditions existing in the area.

The following papers will be presented; Parasitology, by Dr. T. C. Backhouse.

Entomology, by Dr. Rosen.

Epidemiology, by Dr. E. R. Brygoo.

Clinical and pathological aspects, by Dr. P. E. C. Manson-Bahr, Treatment, by Dr. W. Wright.

Control and prophylaxis, by Dr. H. Beye.

Mr. C. S. Ramsay, the original Tin Can Mailman, who was in Fiji in June, said that the inhabitants of Niuafo’ou (Tin Can Island) who now live on Eua. another Tongan island, are homesick for their original home. The people of Niuafo’ou were evacuated following the big eruption on Niuafo’ou in 1946 which wiped out the main village and the Government buildings.

This vehicle of queer appearance was one of the first cars seen in Tahiti—in fact, it is possible that it was French Oceania’s first motorcar. It was brought ashore in Papeete about 1900; and its first appearance in the streets caused a panic. Note the right-hand drive. The man, at the wheel is Mr. William Bardury.

Although far advanced in years, he is still alive and a resident of Fort de France, Martinique.

The old photograph is from Oscar Nordman’s fascinating scrap-book. 106 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Etablissements Donald Tahiti

HEAD OFFICE—QUAI DU COMMERCE—PAPEETE.

Telegraphic Address: “DONALD, PAPEETE.’’

General Merchants (Wholesale Cr Retail) Cr Shipowners Importers Cr Exporters—Branches Throughout Marquesas Islands Lloyd's Agents ASSOCIATE HOUSES; A. B. Donald, Ltd., Auckland. New Zealand; A. B. Donald, Ltd., Rarotonga, Cook Islands; Dominion Fruit Co., Suva, Fiji.

Agents and Distributors for : FRANCE: Hennessy Cognacs; Marie Brizard & Roger Liqueurs; Charles Heidsieck Champagnes; Perrier Water; Gruber Beer.

NEW ZEALAND: Vacuum Oil Co.

Pty., Ltd., Petroleum Products.

SWEDEN: Hjorth & Co., Primus Stoves.

U.S.A.: General Steamship Corp.; Radio Corp. of America; Brown & Williamson, Ltd.; Cigarettes: Lucky Strike, Wings, Old Gold; Champion Spark Plug Co.; Rainier Beer.

ENGLAND: Reckitt & Colman (Overseas), Ltd.; Phillips Bicycles; The Bank Line Ltd.

Sydney Agents ; BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD.

London Agents : BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD.

San Francisco Agents :

Burns-Philp Co. Of

SAN FRANCISCO INC.

Agents in France : HARTH & CIE, PARIS.

A. BICKART, MARSEILLES.

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The ‘Pacific Islands Monthly’ And Its

READERS The Editor Discusses the Events of the Last 21 Years WITH this issue, the PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY completes 21 years of life It has been published every month since August, 1930. Internationally, as well as in relation to Pacific Islands affairs, these have been the most important and significant years in human history.

First, there was the Depression. The Depression was the direct result of the disturbance of the world’s economic balance by World War I. In 1930, when the PIM was born, The Depression was at its worst. It was then that a thousand million people, hurt by forces they could not understand, began to look with suspicion upon the politico-economic system of Western Europe, which controlled world economy.

Communism, at that time, was a joke.

But the Communists all over the world began to quote Karl Marx, who had argued that Western Civilisation was based on a fallacy (capitalism, or individualism) which inevitably must collapse. Here, said the Reds, is the first sign of collapse.

As the Depression worsened, Communism made progress.

A gent named Hitler saved the situation. He re-armed Germany, and threw the Western Powers into a panic. They began to re-arm; and the enormous demands of re-armament took up all the unemoloyment slack throughout the world; and The Depression passed.

Seen in the light of history, that was a calamity. If there had been no Hitler, and no re-armament, the world would have been forced by Depression to readjust its economic system to realities, and thus would have returned to the normality and comparative peace of the pre-1914 era. As it was, re-armament led inevitably to war; and war, as inevitably, carried our politico-economic systems into further confusion, and chaos.

It was against this background that the young PIM grew to maturity.

FROM September 3, 1939, until the collapse of the enemy at the end of 1945, the PIM each month published its War Diary—a compilation that, today, is much in demand.

That War Diary contained some very tragic pages. For the first two years, the war was in Europe—remote, and difficult to imagine. Then came Pearl Harbour.

Within a few hours, in December, 1941. the Pacific Islands were more or less in the front line. Within three months, Japs were swarming into the Gilberts, Ocean Island, Nauru, East Indies, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomons. They were not actually in Paoua, the New Hebrides, or the Ellice Islands: but those groups, and New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, the Cook Islands and French Oceania were very close to the battlegrounds, and full of the armed personnel of America, Australia and New Zealand FOR years, prior to 1939, the PIM had been urgently trying to tell the world of the Japanese menace —of how Jap agents and spies were penetrating every island community and charting every reef.

No one took any notice.

After 1941, the PIM might have crowed “I told you so!” But we were much too busy, in 1942, to have time for any such futile gesture. We were trying to find a large section of subscribers who, literally within days, had simply disappeared. All the thousands of Europeans in New Guinea, Papua and the Solomons had been evacuated; or, with a rifle and a groundsheet. had gone away into the jungle, on more or less secret service. Most of the journal’s readers in the other Pacific Islands were either moving rapidly, or cut off from mails and transportation.

While war raged in the Pacific Islands, all ordinary trading was finished. No one wanted to advertise goods for sale to the Pacific Islanders.

With few advertisers, and so many readers widely scattered, and out of contact, the outlook for the PIM was definitely blue. ‘’Better close her up until the war’s over,” said my friends. “No need for a PIM now.”

Force and disappeared over far horizons.

They took away half our printinghouse crew; and I had to camp there and do factory chores. I was really busy.

Yet, somehow, i couldn’t bear to close the PIM—I felt that it had a war-time j° b to do ; 80 lt; P roved - The widely-scattered people of the Islands, homeless and distracted, wanted a rallying-point where they could get news of their Islands, and tidmgs of their husbands, brothers and friends, now fighting in the jungle. They really needed a place where they could discuss their uncertain future.

Little by little, in that black year of 1942, we gathered our readers together again. In spite of incredible difficulties, and the silliest and stupidest censorship I have ever heard of, we collected and published news of the war in the Islands, and of the activities and fate of Islands 107

Pacific Islands Monthly July, 1 Fl 5 1

THE NEW CHAMBERS’S ENCYCLOPAEDIA.—IS vols.. 4,000 illusts., 14.500,000 words, 2,500 eminent contributors—magnificent set. Just published. £66. Post, 30/-.

JOURNAL OF WILLIAM LOCKERBY. —Sandalwood Trader in the Fijian Islands, 1808-1809 (edit.. Sir Everard Thurn and L. S. Whartoni. maps, illust., pub. by Hakluyt Soc. £2/13/-.

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people. We assisted in the formation of the Pacific Territories Association: and, in season and out, we fought bureaucracy with everything we had for a fair deal for the Islands refugees.

For a little while, I was single-handed.

A score of old friends among our advertisers refused to remove their advertisements from the PlM—even although it had no use as a publicity medium —and with their support we kept going. Then, in a Melbourne war factory, chauffeuring a shell-making machine, I found a New Guinea lass who really could write, and who hated shell-making; and so Judy Tudor joined the attenuated staff of the PIM.

INEVITABLY, as the years passed, and the enemy was driven northwards out of the South Seas, and the restoration of civil government began, we got into conflict with the apostle of Australian Socialism, a politician named Eddie Ward.

The Australian Labour Government made Eddie the Minister in charge of Pauua and New Guinea —probably because he had never seen a native or smelled copra—and, of course, Eddie began to apply the principles of his political creed to Islands trading and industries.

It was a hectic period and, for Islands folk, an unforgettable experience. They had been chased out by Japs; beggared by war; compensated to some extent by the War Damage Fund (created to cushion the effects of the anticipated invasion of Australia); and now, because they were engaged in private enterprises, they were treated by one of the King’s Ministers as social sinners and pariahs.

The Empire has heard much of the Edwardian period of British history. But not enough has been told —yet—of the Eddiewardian era in New Guinea.

Eddie Ward is politically dead and buried; but some of his appointees are still marching on, and his Territories effort will remain as one of the quaintest chapters of Pacific history, as recorded month by month in the PIM.

IN 1942, like most of the Pacific Islands people, we of the PIM were confused and aimless: but, long before the end of the Pacific War, we had found a job to do—namely, we were using the PIM and all the publicity media available to us to assist the Territories people to return home and rehabilitate themselves.

Immediately the War was over, farreaching political, administrative and commercial changes took place. There were alterations in the status and the governmental machinery of nearly all the Islands countries. Shipping lines were restored only in part—air lines spread over all the archipelagoes. Radio brought every Islands resident into direct touch with the world. Trading conditions changed profoundly. The Islands folk were asked to adjust their daily lives to a new and different tempo.

In all these things, the PIM played its part, by providing a regular service of information and by offering comment which, whether right or wrong, did at least seek the greatest good of all the Islands residents, and did keep their wishes before the political panjandrums.

The Islanders returned to their homes; and, for a time, it looked as if we all were to enjoy a wonderful era—the era of phenomenal prices for coconuts and cocoa. But, almost before we began to spend the new money, new troubles beset us.

TO explain what has happened, we must go back a few decades.

The economic sickness (The Depression of 1929-32 was the chief result of it) which followed World War I, was directly the result of the failure of the nations to handle the economic problems created by four years of total war.

One cannot take most of the skilled workers of the world out of their normal productive occupations for a long time, and compel them to either engage in the non-productive work of active service, or the equally useless work of producing war 108 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

OBTAIN YOUR COPY NOW!

PACIFIC ISLANDS YEAR BOOK 1950 K . W Rob SO r\ r Have you ordered a copy of the PACIFIC ISLANDS YEAR BOOK, 1950 Edition, the South Seas' most valued reference book, for your library?

Available at all leading Booksellers in Australia and New Zealand, the main Pacific Islands stores.

The 1950 (Sixth) Edition contains 500 Pages and numerous Maps. In addition to providing reliable information relating to Administrations, Geography, History, Industries, Commerce and Trade (full statistics), Tariffs, etc., the Year Book has many Special Sections, such as: A History and or direct from the Publishers.

Chronology of the War in the Pacific, 1941-45; Lists of Public Servants in each Territory; Description of the new Air Transport Organisations serving the Pacific Islands; Complete Directory of Pacific Islands Missions; Notable Developments in 1940-50 Period; Detailed Index of Place Names in the South Seas, etc.

Price: 25/- per copy.

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Union House, 247 George Street, SYDNEY.

Box 3408, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. materials.' and pay for most of it by simply printing and issuing bank-notes, without throwing the world’s whole economic system out of adjustment.

If life and living standards were going to be resumed, after 1918, where they stopped in 1914, great wisdom, great sacrifices and great statesmanship were called for. The world got none of those things; and so it just naturally went straight into The Depression, into political confusion, and into World War 11. _ One might have thought humanity would have learned the lesson, and behaved with sanity after World War 11. Because an even larger proportion of the world’s workers were out of non-productive work, for a much longer time, and the total destruction was enormously greater, than in World War I; and a far greater amount of unbased paper currency was printed and circulated.

Only great strength and firmness of government—a ruthless insistence, for example, that the only thing to counter the evils inherent in the continued circulation of that flood of useless paper money was a period of very high production at the lowest possible cost—could avert the disasters that otherwise must attend the farreaching dislocation of the world’s economic machinery.

But humanity had learned nothing at all.

Almost before the fighting had ceased, the nations had gone off on the maddest politico-economic spree the world has ever seen. Some, like Poland and Czechoslovakia, went completely Communist; some, like Britain and France, went Socialist— that is, half way.

Just at a time when, to counter their almost incalculable war losses, the British should have been encouraging the utmost individual production at the lowest rate, and the conservation of all their overseas resources, they started to “nationalise” their principal industries, and to give away large sections of their Empire.

Inevitably, the whole Western world has slipped into almost indescribable economic confusion, which daily grows worse. Hosts of babbling little men—most of them the useless puppets of political pressure groups—run around in circles and get in each other’s way. They achieve nothing. Economic maladjustment now is so great all over the world that inflation is practically out of control, and we all are faced with an actual food shortage. . .

SO the PIM attains its majority under conditions almost exactly similar to those which existed when it was born —namely, an acute political crisis has been caused by mankind’s pitiful inability to handle the economic conditions created by a world war. The world, 20 years ago, was saved from economic collapse by the threat of World War 11.

Is history going to repeat itself, and is to-day’s world going to escape economic disaster by the threat of World War III?

It looks like it.

WHEN the PIM uttered its first newborn squall, 21 years ago, British prestige still was high throughout the East, and the Union Jack was the only flag we folk, south of Capricorn, could see in the Pacific. North, east and west, we recognised the friendly ensigns of United States, France and Holland, respectively; but in all moments of international stress we looked naturally to Whitehall for protection and support.

Within that brief span of two decades we have seen some extraordinary events.

British prestige in the East has been destroyed, the British flag counts for little in the Pacific, and the strong and friendly Dutch people have disappeared from our western boundaries —all because the Little Sisters of the Reds got possession of Whitehall in 1945. and proceeded to undermine the Empire which they so hated.

To-day, we of the South Seas look for protection and security to the United States—the mighty Power which overthrew Japan in four bloody years, and which now leads the free world against the Muscovite and—what is of supreme importance to us—against Red Asia. Although comparatively small in population, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, once the strongest section of the British' Empire, now are accepted as America’s closest partners in the task of defending the free peoples of the Pacific.

Of all the changes that have taken place in our 21 years, that seems to us to be the most significant.

IHOPE our readers —and, especially, my many personal friends among those readers—will forgive me for (as my candid assistant editor expresses it) chasing my tail around among the politicoeconomic problems. But the plain fact is that the history of the PIM is all mixed up with these things.

Ever since I founded the journal, the record has been one of crises—economic, political, administrative and military. In all the 21 there _have not been 109 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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The construction of an all-weather road suitable for heavy traffic on the northern side of the Markham River, and between Nadzab and the Ramu Divide, is considered impracticable from an engineering standpoint owing to the great number of unstable river channels to be crossed on the Markham Flat.

Do you think the Army would have sent their transports, constructed a 16-wire telephone line, and salvaged planes, etc., along this natural road if a better route existed on the south side? There are more unstable rivers on the south side than on the north side; and, in addition, miles of swamp to be filled, heavy bush country to be cleared, and hard rock points to be climbed over and blasted away. The country should be seen, if one is to fully realise the utter absurdity of these claims.

The through road to the Ramu Valley, and possibly later to Madang, will almost certainly be ultimately located along the south bank of the Markham River until the Umi-Yatu River junction is passed.

This route would serve the pastoral and agricultural lands in the area bounded by the Wampit, Markham and Watut Rivers and between Pesen and Onga; while development of the area north of the Markham River, north of the Umi-Yatu River junction, could be effected by roads of lower standard, with fords or light bridge structures for crossing wandering stream channels. Any road to the Central Highlands from Lae would branch from this through road.

This is the most fantastic of all the “considerations.” I cannot imagine any sane person advocating a south-side route.

I can assure you one aerial survey flight will convince you on this point.

The whole of the Markham River is pushed against the south side of the valley. The hard backbones of the ranges form the points which jut out into the Markham River. The stretches between the points are erosion and flood bays, mostly swamps or thick scrub country subject to periodic flooding. The route would be 25 per cent, longer. It would be circling the valley, instead of an almost straight line to the lowest gap into the Highlands.

For every acre of pastoral and agricultural land in the area bounded by the Markham, Wampit and Watut Rivers and between Pesen and Onga on the south side, there are over 100 acres on the north side; and, in addition, that flat grasscovered valley runs for 60 to 80 miles below where the road to the Highlands would branch off, and continues on into the scrub and grass-covered flat land of the Mamu and Sepik Rivers, 400-500 miles to the Dutch border.

That is the end of the pro-and-con argument.

T WANT to again stress the urgency of 1 this matter,” says Mr. Leahy. “It affects the future of the country, and will have a direct bearing on whether we can build up a strong first line of defence and an economy which can assist, instead 26 consecutive months of quietness and peace. I, and people of my generation, almost pray that there presently will come a time when we may cease to fret over prices and political creeds and threats of war, and devote serious thought to conserving human happiness and assisting human well-being—a period something like the second half of last century.

At the moment, there is little of the kind in sight. Nonetheless I make bold to express the wish that presently we all may enjoy some freedom from these alarums of war and politics.

And, looking back over 21 years of good and bad times, in which we at least have tried to give service to Islands people, we (the Editor, and Selwyn Hughes, Manager, and Judy Tudor, Assistant Editor) can say, with complete sincerity, Thank you all very much for 21 years of consistent support, frequent kindness and tolerant understanding. We hope the record of the next 21 years will have in it less gunpowder and more butter (even if it’s mostly margarine!).

R. W. ROBSON.

Recent arrivals in Fiji include Mr. P.

N. Dalton (Solicitor-General, who has been appointed to act as Attorney-General until the return from England of Mr. B. A.

Doyle): Mr. and Mrs. R. Crompton, returned from New Zealand; Mr. and Mrs K. H. Marks, from Melbourne; and Mr. and Mrs. R. N. Caldwell, from leave spent in Australia; Dr. Paley, returned after receiving medical attention in Melbourne; Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Canard, from overseas leave; and Dr. and Mrs. P. G. Griffiths, from leave spent in England.

Mr. Alexander Hamilton Irvine, an esteemed old resident of the Nadroga district of Fiji, died on June 23, aged 69.

He was the eldest son of a former Attorney-General of Fiji. 111 1' AC! Fir ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Battle Of The Markham Bridge

(Continued from page 11)

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Even if the Kirklands-Nadzab bridge sites presented many times the difficulties (which they definitely do not) of any other route, the defensive and economic advantages of this route so far outweigh every other consideration that it becomes a national tragedy to continue with the Markham Point site.

“The Kirklands-Nadzab route would give this country an all-weather highway to the best air base (Lae) north of Queensland; a flat, almost straight road for 40 miles out of Lae to the Bulolo timber; a timber road on which the largest timber trucks and trailers could operate economically; and, would open up tens of thousands of acres of arable land in the Markham Valley. It would also be 30 miles along the route into the ‘eternal spring’ lands of the Highlands, second only to Kenya in size, and second to none in potential wealth. Here could be produced Australia’s £10,000,000 of tea and a large share of the world’s blending coffee, which is £787 per ton on the London market to-day.

“This Markham Bridge is the most important facility in New Guinea to-day.

The whole future development of the interior depends upon it. Short circuit that development by constructing the bridge at Markham Point, and you condemn this country to the ignominious indignity of continuing to be a charge on the Australian Taxpayer.

"I will pay the cost of chartering a plane, and will personally conduct any qualified person you choose to send, to fly over the area in question and check on my statements.”

The Fairymead Co. has taken over Mr.

J. M. Clift’s Aruligo Plantation, in Guadalcanal, which was wrecked in the war there. The company has commenced erecting new buildings, ipreparatory to tidying up the wreck.

More Tales From Old Ng

By Old Timer

The Camel Who Savvied

TOO MUCH WANDERING through the Wein some years before the War, on a weary quest for recruits, I came to the village of Koitmunun, one Saturday afternoon. I decided to have a clean-up and spello over the week-end.

Sunday morning found me sitting on the tiny verandah of the House-Kiap, watching the villagers assemble for the early Sabbath service. There was no doubt as to who would conduct it.

The native missionary was already parading up and down in his Sunday best, carrying a couple of prayer books under his arm and evidently enjoying a mouthful of betel-nut. Following the usual custom, he was not a native of the village but “another talk” who had been schooled at the Mission headquarters.

The meeting place was just in front of the House-Kiap, and I had a dresscircle seat for the performance.

The service commenced with two or three hymns sung in the soft, melodious voices of the villagers. Then the catechist commenced his sermon. His text was one familiar to us, but strange to the assembled kanakas: “It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, etc.”

He started off by asking the villagers in pidgin if they savvied “dog.” They all savvied.

“Dog ’im e small fellow, ’e no got plenty savvy. Now, you fellow savvy needle? ’

They savvied all right.

“Now, eye belong needle ’e lik-lik (little) too much." The congregation nodded agreement.

“Now you fellow savvy horse?” Some who did explained to the others what a horse was.

“Now, horse he big fellow, that’s all ’e no got plenty savvy, ’im e no can go inside along eye belong needle.” They were prepared to accept that as gospel.

“Now you fellow savvy camel?” That had them all stumped. Nobody savvied what a camel was. He explained; “Camel, e big fellow too much.”

According to the catechist this particular camel was at least 40 feet high. ‘ Camel, ’e big fellow more, ’e no small fellow alia same horse, alia same dog, ’e big fellow too much. Now this fellow camel he got plenty savvy, ’im e savvy too much. Him ’e can go inside along eye belong needle!”

MONSTERS!

OLD George, who built a few miles of the Markham and Edie Creek roads before the war, was fond of telling yarns, but suspected of pulling the long bow.

He was telling a few new arrivals of the time he was riding a push-bike into Lae one night, when he bumped into a large crocodile sprawled across the road.

We had heard the yarn so many times before and the only variation this time was that it occurred just out of Salamaua instead of Lae.

Then George’s mate, Joe, chipped in with his story about the time, near Nadzab, when he was walking along the track and sat down on a thick log for a smoke and a spell.

“I’d just got comfortable when I noticed the peculiar markings on the bark of the log. I’d never seen any timber like that before, so I got out my knife and started to cut a piece out. You can imagine the shock I got when the log started to crawl away. Yes—it was the biggest python ever found. A couple of 112 JULY. 1951- PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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“Fair go, Joe, ’ says George. “What are you giving us? There’s never been a python that long yet.”

“Look here, George,” said Joe. “If you can stretch a blanky crocodile over 20 miles, from Lae to Salamaua, you re not *oing to object to me stretching a blanky python a lousy 100 feet!”

Joe Sloane’S Turkish Bath

OLD Joe Sloane, who was having a holiday of the wild and woolly variety in Sydney, after making a ‘packet’ on one of the smaller Papuan strikes, was enjoying a couple of re- /ivers in Belfield’s one morning when ax: )ld pal walked in.

Joe complained of feeling off colour is a result of bashing the grog a bit toe hard. His friend suggested a Turkish cath.

Joe reckoned he didn’t need a bath; ;hat he’d already had one that morning.

His friend explained the difference, and, m the principle of being ready to try mything once, Joe went along to the iddress given.

It was too early for the habitues and Joe had the various hot rooms to him- ;elf. Before long, Joe became hot, uncom- ‘ortable, and thirsty, and looked around 'or some attention. In his birthday suit, le went looking for someone to attend o his requirements, but could not locate he attendant. Time went on and Joe be- :ame much hotter, more uncomfortable md more thirsty.

Then Joe started to bellow, and an ittendant came at the run. “Yessir, yessir, mything I can do for you?’ he asked; “Yes,” said Joe, “Get me a fork.”

“A fork, sir, ’ asked the astonished attendant. “What do you want a fork for?”

“I want to prod myself a few times,” said Joe. “I want to know if I’m rooked vet! '

Operation Beer

DURING the early days Of the war, an Australian Naval vessel Tiad been wandering around the Pacific for several weeks keeping an eye open for raiders. The crew were well and truly “browned off” with sailing many thousands of miles of blue ocean with never a sight of land.

Then on one day a rumour started around the “heads’ that, in a day or two, they would call at an island where the beer was reputed to be the best, the coldest, the cheapest, and the most plentiful of any place in the Pacific.

Sure enough, two days later, they tied up at the end of a jetty, and there, only a few hundred yards up the white coral road, was the pub of their dreams.

But, alas, the orders were “No shore leave.” The duty men could only gaze longingly up the road to the pub, and imagine the delectable pleasures that waited therein.

Then one bold spirit, after a quick glance round to see that' no one was watching, set off along the jetty. The keen eyes of the officer on watch spotted him, however.

“Go after that man,” he ordered a rating standing nearby.

The runaway had a long start, but the second rating had a fair turn of speed.

“He’ll never catch him, ’ said many of the sailors lining the rail. “Yes, he will.

Look at him travel,” said others.

“He’s catching him,” said one after a moment or two; and then, in quick succession, “he’s almost up to him; he’s up to him; he’s past him.”

Never Drink Water

rpHE Papuan and New Guinea goldfields * fook R heavy toll of life both native alld European, through epidemic disease. Many of the miners were careless or ignorant of elementary hygienic precautions. „ On the Lakekamu goldfield, in Papua, many deaths occurred through dysentry and the Government sent a medical officer along to check up. He put the “third degree” on Dick Berriman.

“Now, with regard to your drinking water, Mr. Berriman, both for yourself and your boyfe. Would you mind telling me what measures you take to purify it?”

“Yes,” said Dick. “First of all I boil it.” ‘‘Very good, very good indeed,” said the MO. “And then what do you do?”

“Then I clarify it with wood ashes.’

“Good, very good,” said the MO. “And then what?”

“Then I purify it with Epsom salts. ’

“bplendid, splendid, Mr. Berriman.” said, the MO. “And then ”

“Then I throw the damn stuff away and drink beer!’ said Dick, s»TiPFi? i vf atv* fre'"i. ”* . , _ . . rpHE riches Of the Edie Creek and Bulolo JL River produced the usual crop of mining companies, most of' which were very quickly relegated to limbo when the big crash came in 1929.

A well-known identity of the time was “Hoppy” Clarke, who had floated mining companies all over Papua, and had then turned his attention to New Guinea. He pegged the New Guinea Gold and Osmiridium Company’s leases, which are now incorporated in Golden Ridges. Alas, few, if any, of his other ventures had much success.

While the Montoro was at a goldfields 113 ACI F I C , ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

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Manufactured in LONDON by ARDATH TOBACCO CO., LTD. port unloading cargo, a heavy piece of machinery slipped from the sling and plunged to the bottom of the harbour.

The mate’s language was almost equal to the blast from Mount Lamington.

Then a gentle voice came from the boat deck: “Don’t get excited, don’t panic.

We’ve got Hoppy Clarke on board. Send for him. He’ll float anything!’

The engagement has been announced of Miss Elizabeth Exon, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Exon, of Suva, Fiji, to Mr. lan Cottee, member of a well-known Brisbane family. The wedding is fixed for next April. Elizabeth, one of Fiji’s prettiest girls of the present generation, went to Melbourne in 1950 to be trained as a nursing sister at the Alfred Hospital; but romance crept in and dislocated the plan in the manner described.

The Australian Department of Territories has called applications for (two Anthropologists—one as a lecturer for the Australian School of Pacific Administration at Mosman, Sydney; and the other for research work in Papua-New Guinea.

Personal Mr. Peter Jaokett, of the well-known Islands firm, Ventura Trading Co. Pty., Ltd., of Sydney, will visit Papua-New Guinea in August. He will meet Company’s clients to discuss their supply problems. Mr. Jackett is not new to the Territory—he was assistant-purser on both Malaita and Macdhui for some time.

He hopes to visit Honiara and Vila on his way back to Sydney.

Mr. Sydney H. Chance, ex-RM of Papua, now living in retirement in Brisbane, is confined to his home for six weeks with a broken right leg, both the tibia and fibia being fractured. All this is the result of a simple fall down concrete steps while he was watering his vegetable garden. Mr. Chance, in a letter to the Editor, says he “must have brittle bones, for this is the fourth fracture I have had in Australia—just as well they did not happen up on the Mobi or up the Chirima or Kunimaipa.”

North Borneo

Conditions in Britain’s New Crown Colony An American journalist, writing in March, recently provided this description of the new British Crown Colony of North Borneo:— RINGED by strife-torn South-East Asian territories, the British Colony of North Borneo is a peaceful, prosperous, placid land, stirred only remotely by the violence that surrounds it.

High-priced rubber, timber and coconut exports have brought into the territory a flood of new money. Nationalism has sa far scarcely been thought of, and among the relatively contented inhabitants communism has few roots and little appeal.

Under Colonial Office administrators North Borneo is preoccupied mainly with post-war recovery, export production and the manifold problems of educating and adjusting to modem times a population that is largely illiterate and includes some of the most primitive peoples in the world.

At the same time, the colony is trying to live up to expectations that it could be made an alternative outlet for British enterprise and become the capital and flourishing new bastion of the Empire in the East.

Only 350,000 people live in North Borneo, a country of jungle-cloaked mountains, uneven and often marshy coastal flats, narrow inland valleys and short, floodingrivers. In area, North Borneo is the size of South Carolina (approximately 30,000 square miles).

Immigrants from China makes up one-seventh of the population. As everywhere in South-East Asia, they are Industrious, usually well-to do rural smallholders and town-dwelling retailers and artisans. Most North Borneo Chinese were born in the colony and their links to the homeland have loosened with the years.

Some 400 Europeans, nearly all British, do the governing and the big business jobs of North Borneo. They still are housed for the most part in temporary palm thatch bungalows on the outskirts of ruined towns devastated by the Japanese’ and the Allies during the war.

They, too, relish the peace and remoteness of Borneo in a troubled world, and flourish in the coolest year-round climate of any tropical territory in South-East Asia.

Predominantly rural, with no fabricating industries of any size, North Borneo lives within a pattern of palm-shaded nipa shacks set on poles, of paddyfields wedged between patches of jungle and rubber trees, of sleepy coastal ports served by a single jetty, of trackless rainy forests and sparkling communities clustered about a nucleus of cluttered Chinese stores.

Craggy, 14,000-foot Mount Kinabalu, the loftiest peak southeast of Everest, towers over all. Orchids grow in wild profusion, food is plentiful, and the weather is a perpetual round of warm sun and cool rain.

High prices of consumer goods and manpower shortages have caused some hardship, but no real privation exists.

Serious crime is a rare phenomenon, and the Pax Britannica is kept over the vast territory among the melange of races by a police force of a few hundred men and the consistent justice of British and native magistrates.

When Mr. G. Simmons, of the Solomon Islands Land Survey Service, arrived in Auckland in June, he told the newspapers there that when the rich tourists on the luxury liner Caronia were in the Solomons lately, they paid Guadalcanal natives five dollars (45/- Australian) each for the skulls of Japanese servicemen who lost their lives there during the War. 114 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Planter, Passes On

A WELL-KNOWN New Guinea planter, Mr. Edmund Vincent O’Brien, died very suddenly at his home in Sydney on July 11, aged 56. He had been suffering a dangerous heart complaint for several months (since he left New Guinea at the end of 1950) and his end was not unexpected.

“Ned” O'Brien had been in Papua-New Guinea for 35 years, and was held in warm regard in both Territories. He went there first as a radio officer in the Navy, and he was stationed at Bita Paka before he engaged in planting. He subsequently acquired five plantations on the Madang coast, and he had lived on Mililat, about 16 miles from Madang, for many years.

He is survived by his widow, his two sons John and Jim (who, with his brother-inlaw, Mr. W. R. Cahill, are now running the NG properties), his daughter Margaret (at present in Europe) and his daughters Alexandria and Mary, who are now with their mother in Sydney.

Pacific Islands Society

4 DELUGE of rain “washed out” the June meeting of the Pacific Islands Society, in Sydney; and the proposed exhibition of films was postponed.

The Society’s annual meeting will take place on July 25, when office-bearers for the year will be elected. If time permits, some interesting Islands films will be shown.

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FROM

N.G. Women’S Assoc’N

THE New Guinea Women’s Association of Melbourne, at its annual meeting on July 7, decided that, in addition to the four children now benefiting by the Scholarship Fund, another two children will be awarded scholarships at the end of . this year.

The president, Mrs. Amy Gregory, in her annual review, said that, although membership has decreased, owing to the passage of the years, it had been decided to continue the monthly social meetings, which many old Territorians appreciate.

The Association has presented to the Church of England, Lae, a bookcase and table, with a brass tablet commemorating the men lost in World War 11.

Members conveyed a message of sympathy to the son and daughter of Mrs.

Youlden, whose sudden death came as a shock. She was an indefatigable worker for the Association.

“Our Xmas Party, as usual, was a great success,” said Mrs. Gregory. “The number of men present was particularly noticable, and it was good to see them meeting old friends of bygone days.

During the party a gift of a travelling clock was made to Mrs. Garth Walker, due to leave for England. My grateful thanks go to Mrs. Walker, her sister Miss Rogers, Mrs. Holland. Mrs. Street, Mr. and Mrs. Rov Smith, Mrs. Pratt, Mr. M.

Clarke and many others who helped to make the party a success.

“It was decided during the year to send food parcels again to Britain, and our thanks go to Mrs. Mjervyn Clarke for arranging this for us. At our last meeting Mrs. Lingood asked for donations of clothing to send to the ‘Save the Children Fund.’ This Association has sent a nurse to assist native victims of the Mount Lamington disaster. 115 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

Classified Advertisements FOR SALE VEW Bartile (U.S.A.) Concrete Roof Tile Machinery, complete with pallets, hopper, motor, steel forms for trim tiles, etc. Vibration feature produces dense, economical tiles. Write Seaboard Corporation Pty.. Ltd., P.O. Box 3508, G.P.0..

Sydney. Australia.

ISLAND HOME.—Modern three-bedroomed house on Norfolk Island, fully furnished (with linen, crockery, cutlery, new radio, furniture, etc.).

Price, £1.500. Write to; V. Graham, Norfolk Island.

RADIO EQUIPMENT. —We can supply new and reconditioned transmitters and receivers for low powered marine and shore installations at a reasonable price. Crystals supplied to specified frequencies. Inquiries answered promptly.

Write: Liverpool Trading Co., 23 George Street.

Liverpool, N.S.W., Australia.

N.I. PROPERTY.—NorfoIk Island Calling! The Island of Charm, Delightful Climate and Friendly People. I have for sale a Modern Home, fully furnished with quality furniture, big living room, two bedrooms, dining room, kitchen, bath room, electric light, good shed, and a detached cottage (rented for £1 week).

Flat one acre section on good road handy to shops. Family bereavement is the reason for selling. Price. £3.500. You can’t go wrong with this, so air-mail or cable Peter Goddard, Norfolk Island.

BOOKS BOOK BARGAINS.—Send for list of real bargains from 2/- upwards. State your interests, please. I also find out-of-print English Books.

Mention “PIM.” Nearly 400 customers in the area where “PIM” circulates. —Philip Boulton Bookseller, Westbury, Wilts, England.

Plantation For Sale

TONGA. —100 acres at Nukualofa, 50 planted in coconuts; also grazing paddocks, 20 head of cattle —can carry 30 head. Ground suitable for bananas, peanuts, etc. New 5-rooms house, bathroom and kitchen. Copra dryer (capable of treating 3Vz tons per month), copra shed, and platform: labour quarters and out-houses.

Leasehold at 4/- an acre. Sea view. Replies to: Owner, 87 Park Street, West Ryde, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.

Position Wanted

EXPERIENCED STEWARD,—SingIe man. 27, with excellent references, seeks position as hotel or club steward in Papua-New Guinea or any other South Seas Territory. Will pay own fare. Has had long experience in tropics (including 3V 2 years in New Guinea); competent to handle all catering, accommodation and supply problems.

Replies (by airmail, if possible) to; “Steward,” c/o Box 3408. G.P.0., Sydney. N.S.W., Australia.

YOUNG EX-SERVICEMAN, desirous of returning to Islands, would like teaching position (Ist class to 6th), or private tutoring with family.

Excellent credentials and character references.

Been employed in similar capacity in Tropics.

Replies to: “Teacher,” c/o Box 3408, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W.

Wanted To Buy

SMALL ISLAND, suitable for middle-aged couple to retire and escape W'orldly worries. Only necessities are fresh water supply and soil suitable for growing normal vegetables. Bungalow not necessary. Anywhere whth warm climate, not in mosquito zone. Details and price to: Field. 52 Cobbler’s Bridge Road, Herne Bay, Kent, England.

ACCOMMODATION SYDNEY. —Furnished, serviced flats, with private bathroom and kitchenette, morning trays, situated in heart of the city. Double and family fl 3 ts available —reasonable rates for Pacific Islands residents. Wyobe Court, 52-54 Phillip Street. Sydney. Cable address: “Yarap.”

Sydney. Telephone: BU 1376.

ATTRACTIVE ACCOMMODATION for tourists, with children. “Tanglewood,” Clayfield, Brisbane, Queensland. ’Phone M 5656.

STAMPS WANTED.— Mission mixtures of Pacific Islands, large or small lots, by weight or count, high values Also Australian, N.Z., and Great Britain high values; 20/- Brown wanted in quantities. In clean condition, round postmark. will take 1.000 old envelopes with or without stamps, also anything useful in postmaik errors. Good mint New- Guinea stamps w’anted; used also. For imprint blocks of new Islands stamps will pay 7'b per cent, over face (but cannot deal outside sterling area). For sale: new issues of British Colonies at 10 per cent, over face, sterling. Foster’s, 18 Cullum St., E.C.3, London. England.

TENDERS ESTATE L. L. GORDON, DECEASED. —Sealed tender endorsed “Tender Lukon” are invited and will be received by the undersigned until 5 p.m. August 31, 1951, for the purchase of the following:— LUKON PLANTATlON.—Agricultural Lease No. 478, Vol. 7, Folio 74 —area: 401.5 hectares more or less (about 1,002 acres).

Situation.—East coast of New Ireland. Territory of New Guinea.

Plantation area unoccupied since Japanese invasion of Territory.

No buildings on property.

Originally planted during years 1936-41 with coconut palms—totally destroyed during Japanese occupation. Small quantity of cacao planted before the late war.

Titles.—The successful tenderer shall accept such title as the Administrators of the Estate now have and without further investigation.

Terms.—The property will be sold subject to the consent of the Administrator of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. On acceptance of tender, 10 per cent, of tender price to be deposited and the balance is to be paid upon the execution by the Trustees of a conveyance of the property or such other document or instrument as the successful tenderer may reasonably require to evidence the sale in the absence of a registerable transfer. The highest or any other tender will not necessarily be accepted.

BURNS PHILP TRUST COMPANY LIMITED, 7 Bridge Street, Sydney.

Administrator of the Estate of L. L. Gordon (deceased).

Sydney, June 22, 1951.

MACHINERY FOR SALE New Four-Header Planing and Moulding Machines.

Size, Bx 3, fully ball-bearing, complete with totally enclosed gears, operating in oil. Also fully adjustable, ball-bearing counter-shaft. Immediate delivery.

Price: £B5O, Sydney.

Machines fully guaranteed.

Sole Distributing Agent : A. D. WALSH, 10 Centennial Avenue, Lone Cove, Sydney, N.S.W.

Bankers: Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney, Ltd , Klngsford, Sydney.

Nz Airways Service

WITHDRAWN

From Tonga

THE withdrawal of the New Zealand National Airways service from Nukualofa, Tonga, at the end of June, has caused dismay in that part of the Pacific.

Tongan mail communications now are entirely dependent on the infrequent and irregular ship services.

It is reported that the withdrawal was the result of the failure of the airways company to reach argreement with the Tongan Government, or the landowners, regarding the amount to be paid annually for landing-rights, etc. One statement is that the Tongans wanted £lO,OOO per annum; while the company, arguing that the air transport business of the little kingdom is not worth much anyway, was unwilling to pay more than £5,000 p.a.

The withdrawal of a well-established air service is at any time a retrograde step, and most interests hope that the deadlock soon will be ended.

Cocoa May Be Grown In

MICRONESIA WASHINGTON reports that the American trustee islands may be a new source of chocolate and cocoa.

Robert Burton, Santa Cruz, Calif., reporting on 20 months of work at the agricultural demonstration station on Ponape island, in the Eastern Carolines, said experimental plantings of cacao have done remarkably well. The yield was over 600 pounds of dried beans to the acre.

“The good quality of the beans, the apparent freedom of diseases, the wholesale value of over $9O an acre—as against an average return of $4O for copraseemed to indicate that cacao might well be considered for Ponape, Kusaie and perhaps Truk,” he said.

Morinda In Gale Off

NORFOLK IS.

NORFOLK IS.. July 5.

THE weather was bad when the Morinda arrived off the island on Saturday, June 30, and only deck cargo and much-needed flour could be landed. On Monday, the island was hit by the tail end of a cyclonic storm, and wind at over 80 mph did minor damage. The Morinda rode out the storm, but the swell was so heavy that she could not begin unloading cargo uptil July 4.

We have been desperately short of foodstuffs and building materials; and this cargo, while welcome, will not last long.

Leprosy Survey In New

HEBRIDES A LEPROSY survey of the New Hebrides has recently been completed after two years’ work by Dr. Jean Davies of New Zealand. She undertook the work for the Lepers’ Trust Board, whose headquarters are in Christchurch, NZ.

Dr. Davies says that about four per cent, of the native population is affected, with more cases on the island of Tanna than elsewhere.

The Lepers’ Trust Board is considering setting up a leprosy hospital in the Condominium. 116 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

FOR SALE LARGE STEAM ENGINE Horizontal type with Fly Wheel. Suitable to drive large Sawmill.

WITH Large quantity of Shafting, Pulleys, Bearings, Belting, etc.

Present owner has no use owing to mill being electrified.

Apply: HYNE & SON PTY. LTD., Samnillersand Timber Merchants, MARYBOROUGH, QUEENSLAND. 44 P.1.M.” Is Available At.. f

In Australia

SYDNEY: N.S.W. Bookstall Co. Pty., Ltd., Cr. Market and Castlereagh Streets.

Cordingley’s Bookstall, next G.P.0.. George Street.

Tyrrell’s Book Shop. 281 George Street.

Swain’s Pty. Ltd., 123 Pitt Street.

Dymock’s, Ltd., 424 George Street.

Uneeda Newsagency, 18 Bond Street.

VICTORIA; McGill’s Newsagency, 183 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne.

Collins Book Depot Pty., Ltd., 93 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne.

Myers Emporium, Ltd., 314 Bourke Street, Melbourne.

QUEENSLAND; Mac’s Casket Agency, 289 Queen Street, Brisbane.

J, Thomson, 311 Queen Street, Brisbane.

Card’s Bookstall, 102 Flinders Street, Townsville.

Northern Territory

Burnett’s Newsagency Pty., Ltd., Darwin.

C. J. Cashman & Co., Darwin.

In New Zealand

Waverley Bookshop, 18 Queen Street, A. G. Sims, Auckland.

W. H. Grove & Sons Ltd., 16 Fanshawe Street, Auckland.

And At All The Main Stores And Newsagents

THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH SEAS.

OR FROM THE OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHERS; PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS PTY. LTD.

Union House, 247 George St., Sydney.

The Remote And Gracious

Fead Islands

By Roberta Rhodes DOCTOR Jamieson, in charge of tuberculosis investigations in Papua- New Guinea returned to Rabaul from a trip to the Fead Isands in early June. He made the voyage aboard vessel Nuguria, recently purchased by the Fead Islands Estate, from the Catholic Mission.

The Feads lie 120 miles off the East Coast of New Ireland. They consist of 58 coral cays circling two huge lagoons, one of these being a perfect anchorage in the North-West Season, and the other in the South-East.

All the Islands have Polynesian-sounding names. Homestead Island is Hagani.

To the right and left of the narrow passage entering the lagoon lie Pieti and Arenau. Tehenuatenuwaru is, literally, in Nugurian, The Island of the Frigate Birds.

The remotest and largest Island in the group is Nuguria, from which the indigine takes his title. The longest Island in the Northwest Group is Hinaurohi. Tehenoatugutugu and Tegauhotategia are two of the smallest.

Not only do the names of their Islands indicate the Polynesian influence or origin of these people, but their language bears a strong similarity.

Their word for woman, for example, is hine, man is tama, house is hare, road maria, knife neihi.

The physical appearance of the Nugurian is striking. The most noticeable thing is their straight black hair, and their fine erect carriage. They are an extremely happy and simple people, and it is pitiful to see how their population figures are dwindling.

Their main food is fish, which is extremely plentiful. If you are a keen fisherman, visiting the Feads is Paradise.

Apart from small fish, readily caught with spears on the reef, fishing in canoes in the deep water yields an average catch of 80 large fish to the hour.

Gona gona, similar to native taro, is another native food which is plentiful and apparently nourishing. This grows in the swamps of the Islands. The native picks the plant, removes the edible root, and replants it in the water, thus being assured of a never ending supply.

ONE of their most interesting industries is rope making. Coconuts are husked and the husks put into the sea, where they remain for three to four months. They are then taken out and teased into single strands twice the thickness of human hair, and about eight inches long. This is then spliced into long lengths of rope. The result is almost as durable as nylon.

As a tourist resort, Fead Islands begin where Waikiki leaves off. But due to their remote situation they are seldom visited.

IN 1946, young Graeme Carson, only son of the late Lewis Carson, planter of the Feads, who died at the hands of the Japs in Rabaul, came here direct from school in Melbourne. After completing his preparations in Rabaul, he left for the Feads in a small 20-foot craft.

This in itself was an intrepid enough feat for a young lad.

Although only a schoolboy, with only childhood memories of the Islands to guide him, and faced with difficulties which would have disheartened many an older and more experienced man, where his father had spent so many years, to buoy him up, and a certain natural tenacity of character, stuck to the task.

It was Graeme who took Dr. Jamieson to the Feads, this time as Skipper of his own 80-ft. craft, the Nuguria. You can say that young Graeme has come a long way in the last few years. Any good luck which now attends him has come the hard way.

DUE to the smallness of the Fead Islands native population it is imperative that something be done to increase their numbers, and preserve what remains of this race of really fine natives. 117 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

FIJI Aug., 1939.

June 1 July 2 Emperor Mines .. b9/ll b8/3 fa8/6 Loloma S25/6 b32/b28/6

New Guinea

Bulolo G.D. . . bl24/b62/s70/- Guinea Gold .. .. bl3/3 s7/6 s7/6 N.G.G., Ltd bl/10 b2/l b2/- Placer Development b68/6 bl95/bl85/6 Sandy Creek .. .. bl/5 b6d. b6d.

Sunshine Gold . .. b6/5 b5/6 b5/9 PAPUA Mandated Alluvials b3/8 bl/s3/- Oil Search S3/11 b3/6 b4/- Oriomo Oil b5/bl?3 b2/i Papuan Apinaipi . b4/ll bl/ffT/e Price of Gold. —Commonwealth Bank of Australla’s fixed price for gold bought in Australia and Islands Territories is; Pine oz., £A15/9/10; Standard oz.. £A14/4/-. £Stg.

US Dol. £ Aust.

Group 1 (Metrop.) 980f. 350f. 777f.

Group 2 (African) 490 175 390 Group 3 (Pacific) 178.25 64 141.75 Purchasers at Full Market Prices on Assay Value of GOLD SILVER PLATINUM And Platinum Group Metals SOME OF OUR SERVICES :

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Assays of Bullion, Ores, etc.

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Consign Your Shell To VENTURA TRADING CO. PTY. LTD.

26 Bridge Street, Sydney

We can offer highest prices for all types of Shell and Island Produce, and invite your inquiry.

Cables: “VENTURA,” Sydney.

Islands Produce

(Unless otherwise stated, quotations are in Australian currency) COCOA ISLANDS cocoa prices are usually based on the ruling rate for Accra cocoa (West Africa), quotation for which in July was £250 Stg., c.i.f. (equivalent to £312/10/- Aust.). Quotation supplied by Colyer Watson, Ltd., Sydney.

Pacific cocoa beans were quoted nominally on the Sydney market in July at; — New Guinea: Approximately £298 Aust. per ton, ex wharf.

New Hebrides: Nominally £ 305—supplies unavailable in Sydney at present, exports mainly going to France.

W. Samoa: Sydney agents reported in July that ' the Samoah coeda price now is £295 Samoan < £368/15/- Aust.) per ton for first, grade. (Samoan currency equals Sterling.)

Trochus Shell

Nominal Sydney quotations in July were: Thursday Is., £l9O per ton, f.0.b.; New Guinea, £2OO per ton, c.i.f., Sydney; Solomon Is.. £200; Fiji. £F9O (£AIOI/14/-) per long ton on the beach at Suva; New Caledonia, approximately 14.000 francs per ton, Noumea.

COFFEE Nominal quotations are:— New Caledonia: Production exported to France at above normal rates (equivalent to £A4SO per ton for Arabica; £A4OO for Robusta).

New Guinea and Papua: Nominally £375 to £425 per ton (c.i.f.), according to quality.

Vanilla Beans

Papeete merchants recently quoted 325 francs per kilo for French Oceania vanilla beans.

RICE Price of rice shipped from Sydney to Islands ports was fixed in May. 1951, at £6O f.o.b. for White. Unpolished and Brown. (On plantation in Papua-New Guinea, approximately £85.)

Green Snail Shell

Few parcels of Green Snail shell have been received by Sydney agents from Islands recently—nominal quotation is at £l5O per ton. c.i.f., for f.a.q. shell.

Pearl Shell

By a term contract between the Otto Gerdau Company (USA) and the majority of Torres Strait pearlers, TI shell prices were fixed in 1949 (for three years) at: Sound grades £A325 per ton, f.0.b., TI; “D” grade, £A225; “E” grade, £AI25 —all plus bonuses.

Purchase price for the independent pearlers’ 1950-51 output by overseas buyers was set at around £ASBO per ton for Sound grades; £A465, *’D” grades; £A34O, “E” grades.

COPRA Papua - New Guinea. Production Control Board’s fixed price, delivered to ship’s slings or ANGPCB warehouses, as from March, 1951; At main ports, Hot-air Dried, £54/5/- per ton (at Kokopo, £52/17/6); Smoked, £53/12/6 (at Kokopo, £52/5/-). Official price (as from March, 1951) for Papua-New Guinea copra sold in Sydney to crushers: Hot-air Dried, £74/10/-; Smoked, £73/17/6. Australia has a 9 years’ contract with Britain for the disposal of all Territories’ copra surplus to her own needs, and the above prices are based on the British MOF rate of £53/15/- Stg. per ton.

Fiji.—Prom January 1, 1951: £59/10/7 Fijian per ton, f.0.b., Suva—producers receive £FS4/10/6 per ton for plantation grade and £FS4/5/- per ton for FMS grade, at Suva or Levuka. Fiji has a 9 years contract with UK Food Ministry.

New Hebrides.—Price at Vila and Santo is approximately £BO Aust. per ton.

Western Samoa.—Producers receive £45/11/- Samoan (par with Sterling) per ton, f.0.b., Apia —based on an MOP rate of £53/19/- Stg. per ton, less £5/7/11 Samoan Export Duty and £3/0/1 Copra Stabilisation Fund.

Solomon Is.: Producers receive £ASI per ton, f.0.b., for copra shipped from Honiara or Yandina ports (based on £53/15/- Stg. MOP price).

Fr. Oceania.—Papeete merchants pay 14,900 Pacific francs per 1,000 kilos for Tahiti copra (about -£ 106 Aust. per ton).

RUBBER Sydney firms use London and Singapore quotations as a basis to buy Papuan rubber. The world market price continued to ease during the month. Rates on July 3 were: No. 1 grade, RSS (sellers) Spot 45d. Stg. per lb., c.i.f., London (equivalent to 56V4d. Aust. per lb.); Singapore, RSS No. 1 (sellers) 143 cents per lb., f.o.b.

London Prices

LONDON, May 17.

The following are to-day’s quotations:— Copra, c.i.f.. Continental ports, per ton:— FM Straits/Mixed DEI . . £ 104 Stg.

Ceylon £lO7 Stg.

Philippines $250 U.S.

Coconut Oil. c.i.f., per 2,250 lb. ton, in drums:— FM Straits £l6B Stg.

Ceylon £174 Stg.

Cocoa, c.i.f.. Continental ports, Stg.:— Accra. 314/- per cwt., in bond.

Nigerian. 312/6 per 50 kilos, f.o.b.

Trinidad, 355/- per 50 kilos, f.o.b.

Grenada. 350/- per 50 kilos, f.o.b.

Bahia, 289/4 per 50 kilos, f.o.b.

Islands Mining Shares

Exchange Rates THE following exchange quotations show the rates existing in Sydney in mid-July:— FIJI Through Bank of NSW and Bank of New Zealand:—Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying, £Alll/2/6; selling. £AII3.

Fiji-London, on basis of £lOO London; TT or On Demand: Buying, £lll/2/6; selling, £ll3.

Western Samoa

Through Bank of New Zealand: —Australia on Western Samoa, on basis of £lOO Samoa; buying, £ A123/12/6; selling, £AI24/10/9.

Samoa-London. on basis of £lOO London: TT: Buying. £lOO/7/6; selling, £lOl/10/-.

Samoa on New Zealand, on basis of £lOO NZ:—Buying, £100; selling, £lOO/10/-.

Samoa on Fiji, on basis of £lOO Samoa:— Buying, £111; selling, £llO.

Papua-New Guinea

Commonwealth Bank of Australia (branches: Pt. Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Madang) and Bank of New South Wales (branches: Pt. Moresby, Lae, Rabaul) quote an exchange rate between Australia and Papua-New Guinea of 10/- per £lOO.

French Pacific Colonies

Post-war, the franc, instead of having the same value in all parts of the French Union, was given different values in different Colonial Groups—Group 1 (Metropolitan francs): France and Algeria. Group 2 (African francs): African Colonies and Madagascar, etc. Group 3 (Pacific francs): New Caledonia. New Hebrides, French Oceania. Exchange values, in francs, are (nominal only): 118 JULY, 1951-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Index to Volume XXI .

AUGUST, 1950, TO JULY, 1951, INCLUSIVE [First numeral indicates number of issue, and second numeral gives page.] A AIRWAYS AND AVIATION.—TayIor Survey Flight. 1-9, 7-43, 8-9, 9-9. 10-13, 10-108; QEA, 1-9, 4-10, 4-47, 5-8, 11-9, 11-82, 12-88; Air Fares, 1- TEAL, 1-16, 2-17, 3-8. 10-18, 11-25, 12-21; TOA. 2-6. 4-6, 4-50. 5-7, 7-5, 8-6, 9-11, 10-8, 11- 11-60, 12-13; Charter Aviation Services, 2- Capt. Aubrey Kocn, 2-7; TRAPAS. 2-37; Air Tourists, 2-55; PAA, 2-92, 7-43, 8-8, 8-26, 11-51; NZ National Airways Corp., 2-97; Pacific Services and Tasman Crossing, 3-26; Canadian Pacific Airlines, 4-13; Air France, 5-8; Tahiti- Hawaii Airways. 6-105. 7-43; New Services Planned, 7-43; Capt. H. T. (Bunny) Hammond, 7-93; BCPA. 8-9; Mandated Airlines, 9-10, 11-21; Amphibious Airways, 9-106; 12-90; Gibbes Sepik Airways, 12-6.

ASIA AND ASIATIC AFFAIRS.—General, 1-5; Indonesia, 1-7; Borneo, 1-11; Ambon, 2-39, 3-9; Philippines. 3-109. 9-105; Cease Fire in Korea, 12- North Borneo, 12-114.

B BOOK REVIEWS.—Ocean of Islands (Barrett), 1-13; Naturalist’s South Pacific Expedition— Fiji (Degenen, 5-99; Oceania, 7-35. 10-39; The Fiji Islands (Derrick), 9-23; Energy for a Greater Australia (Rablingi, 9-24; Plowman’s Wisdom (Carew), 11-108; Return to Paradise (Michener), 12-58. c CHATHAM GROUP —7-56.

COCOA. (See also under various Territories). — 1-94. 3-119, 6-41, 7-15. 7-63, 8-38, 10-102.

COCOS ISLANDS (Indian Ocean) .-4-7, 12-11.

COOK ISLANDS. —Aid for Sick Penrhyn Woman, 1-29; Mangaia, 1-48, 3-46, 3-67, 3-87, 3- LO4, 5-100, 7-85, 7-86, 9-106, 10-73; Effect of NZ Waterside Strike, 2-68; Pua Game, 3-58, 7-64; Oeneral, 3-68, 3-83, 8-42; Visit of Film Unit. 1-73; Flu Epidemic, 6-33, 7-81; Hurricane Precautions, 6-37; Alistair Campbell, 6-40; Coffee growing, 7-84; Copra, 10-27; Native Theologian, LO-71; Citrus. 10-75; 50 Years of NZ Adminis- ,ration, 12-8.

COOPER, Harold.—3-101.

COPRA. (See also under various Territories). — -34, 1-43, 1-79, 2-7, 2-33, 3-7, 3-15. 3-29, 4-8, t-9. 5-5. 5-6, 5-7, 6-7, 7-6, 8-7, 8-33, 8-35, 9-13. 1-19, 10-8, 10-10, 10-27. 11-51, 11-79, 11-83, 12-8, .2-41.

D DEATHS.—Arthur Brander, 1-8; Cyril Lambert, -16; Frank Price Jepson, 1-27; Harry Bentley, -68; Sir Apirana Ngata, 1-75; P. T. K. Richnond, 1-79; Mrs. N. Snell, 1-89; Charles Leake, 1-8; L. B. Benjamin, 2-16; J. A. Cattell, 2-16; VI. J. Lynch, 2-17; P. A. Morris, 2-25; A.

Walter. 2-27; Mrs. A. S. Fitch, 2-32; Fr. L.

McCarthy. 2-105; O. B. Hug, 3-19; D. H. Osborne, 125; C. I. H. Campbell, 3-31; Otto Soltwedel, t-33; Mrs. E. A. Fuller, 3-34; Jean Lods, 3-38; Jrs. Faamusami Mataafa Paumuina. 3-89; Mrs.

S. M. Youlden, 3-92; Gustav Johnson, 3-108; V. M. Roxburgh, 3-112; Percy R. Hinds, 4-55; drs. Lilian Bailey, 4-68; K. Knewstubb, 4-72; Jarcel Frogier, 4-115; John Jones, 4-115; Capt.

V. M. McLeod, 4-115; R. W. J. Charlier. 5-10; V. H. Freeman, 5-97; Fr. Bousquet, 5-100; G. ?oles, 5-105; R. A. Parker, 6-26; Fred. Christian, !-29; Mrs. T. P. Nicholson, 6-29; W. T. Gatvard, 8-44; Capt. B. Rutherford. 6-49; Mrs. C. laad, 6-60; Edmund Walker, 6-71; Mrs. Gwenioline Coster, 6-79; Leopold Blackman, 7-4; Robert Prideaux, 7-4; R. A. Laws, 7-8; Mt. iamington Deaths (C. F. Cowley. Earl Cowley, Dr. and Mrs. Paul Martin and child, Sister iarbara de Bibera, A. J. Williams. F. W. Cook, Jr. and Mrs. J. Haddock, R, Watkins, K.

Voiwood, C. Stewart, Tom Greenwood, T. loolihan. Rev. and Mrs. D. J. Taylor and four hildren, K. Bradford, lan James, Athol Earl, (. Gleeson, Mr. and Mrs. M. Lock and two hildren, W. R. Humphries, A. Myres, T. Maher- Celly. Mrs. Freda Graham, R. Graham), 7-10; V. R. Humphries, 7-13; Mark Pitt, 7-22; Roy JcG. Anderson, 7-30; F. Rostier, 7-34; C. C. ’aimer, 7-85; Jack Donald. 7-90; L. C. Palmer. -93; Andre Lehartel, 7-113; B. Frogier, 7-113; . M. Wilson, 8-107; Mrs. M. Carruthers. 8-107; O, U. Stockwell, 8-9; D. L. Pullen, 9-10, 10-37; -Irs. P, R. Osborne, 9-21; Mrs. S. M. Muddell, -22; Capt. Dick Whitehouse, 9-22; J. R. Clarke. 0-23; Veikune, 19-26; H. de V. Stacpoole, 10-33; r, C. Stephens, 10-71. 10-73; J. J. Betham, 0-76; D. McEvoy, 10-87: Dr. Arthur Wade. 10- 7; H. Clapp, 10-88; Piddy Christian, 10-88: John Nolan, 10-104; Mrs. R. Warrant, 10-104; L. Phillips, 10-104; Sister Chistina Macaulay, 10-110; John Graham-Taylor, 11-11; Sir Maynard Hedstrom, 11-13; James Morgan, 11-15; P. G.

Rogerson, 11-28; Mrs. Bella Stowers, 11-38; Nils Bowman, 11-50; Fr. Harold Thompson, 11- 51; K. J. Angel. 11-69; J. B. Mawson, 11-87; E.

E. Dunwoodie.. 11-100; Edouard Dupont, 11-113; James Norman Hall, 12-9; Lady Scott, 12-11; Aiden Gooding. 12-15; Ratu George Tonganivalu, 12-22; A K. M. Edwards. 12-34; H. J. Berryman, 12-43; Ukinga Rau, 12-71; Miss E. Hansen. 12-74; C. S. Evennett, 12-75; E. V. O’Brien, 12-115.

F FlJl.—Queen Victoria School, 1-7; Tuna Fishing Industry. 1-9, 2-8. 3-60. 3-84, 6-103. 9-33; Sir Brian Freeston, 1-9, 7-5, 11-f; Elections, 1-15, 2-7; Strawberry Growing, 1-30; Cost of Living. 1- 1-39, 3-17. 4-15. 5-36; Automatic Telephones, 1-33; Fiji Hangman. 1-54; Copra, 1-79, 2- 3-29. 5-6, 6-10. 10-8, 10-10, 11-79; Rainfall, 1- 8-68; Legislative Council, 1-86; 2-6. 3-51. 4-9. 4-13; Sir Lala Sukuna, 2-11, 4-46; Mining. 2- 3-89. 5-107; Decorations, 2-40, 12-23; Australian Oranges, 2-51; Pineapple Cup, 2-77; Indians, 2-88. 3-8. 3-45. 3-49, 3-72, 6-6, 6-104. 8-106, 9-9. 9-53, 9-85, 9-103. 11-15, 11-39. 11-73; Harbour Works, 2-105; Sir Hugh Ragg, 3-7; Mills’ Salary Report, 3-7, 4-9, 8-110; Aerial Mapping, 3-26, 4-23, 7-27, 10-23; Mune Golden Wedding, 3-45; Pish Supplies, 3-50; Annual Report, 3-55; Meat Supply, 3-55; Smithy Memorial, 3- Anti-T-B Fund, 3-84, 4-30, 12-20; Suva Town Council. 3-104; Economy. 3-107; Sugar, 4- 5-9. 6-9, 8-6; London! Wharf. 4-30; Cession Day, 4-31; Tapioca Disease, 4-39; Rent Racket. 4-49; Housing, 4-49; Levuka, 4-51; Rotuma, 4-62; Cheaper Suva Electricity, 4-69; Suva’s New Market, 4-84; Fijian Land, 5-8; New Roads, 5-10; Taveuni Rest-House, 5-13; Whysall Golden Wedding, 5-13; Makogai, 5-35; Development Plan, 5-35; Suva Mayor, 5-75; Knighthood for T. W. Alport Barker, 6-9, 10-116; Nadi Airport. 6-32; Yasawas, 6-57; General, 6-73, 7-29; Flu Epidemic. 6-98; Suva Point Radio Mast. 6-100; Native Enterprise. 7-9; Central Medical School, 7-17; Banana Industry, 7-31; Mother ■Agnes. 7-55; Seaplane Lost. 8-10; Bank of Australasia for Suva, 8-10; Scholarships, 8-11; Australian Trade, 8-14; Fiji Liquor Laws, 8-32; Low Priced Holiday Resorts, 8-64; War on Weeds, 8-102; Boxers in Australia, 8-105; Coconut Planting Campaign, 8-109; Naming Suva’s Streets, 8-109, 11-70; Manufacture of Cooking OH, 8-110; I. E. Lucchinelll, 9-7; Native Development Fund. 9-8, 10-9; Nurse G. Morrison, 9-10; Launch Collision, 9-25; Tourism, 9-45, 9-47, 9-104; Walu Bay Reclamation, 9-57; Customs Duty, 10- Lau Islands, 10-59; Mary Edwards Exhibition. 11-39; Festival of Britain Visitors, 11- Population, 11-104; Finance, 11-104; Ban on Motor Vehicle Export, 11-104; Oil Crushers' Grievance, 12-7; Internal Air Services, 12-7; Trade Balance. 12-17; Cricketers for UK, 12-49; Medical School, 12-73.

G GIANT SNAILS.—I-47. 11-18.

Gilbert And Ellice Islands Colony.—

C. G. F. Cartwright, 2-97; Tarawa Memorial, 3- Wholesale Society, 3-10; Drought, 5-13; Hoodoo; on Ships, 7-27; Myths. 9-52; George Murdoch, 12-60.

GOLD. (See also under various Territories).— 1-8. 1-25, 2-37, 2-115, 3-89. 3-92, 3-100, 3-108, 4- 5-107; 6-95, 8-9, 9-17. 9-99, 11-31, 12-20 12- GROUNDNUT SCHEME.—2-24, 7-4, 8-11.

H HAWAII.—2-53. 2-79, 2-80. 5-31, 6-94.

HEALTH.—PoIio, 1-9. 2-23. 10-111. 11-49. 12- 79; Malaria. 1-39, 9-65; Filaria, 2-7, 4-53. 12-106; Leprosy, 6-85, 9-10; Elephant Mosquito (Megarhinus Brevipalpis), 7-86.

HENDERSON IS.—4-9. 10-63.

J JUTE AND OTHER FIBRES.—I-65, 2-25, 9-43.

L LORD HOWE IS.—B-63.

M MARGARINE.— 3-111, 12-6.

Marshall. Mariana And Caroline Is.—

3-25, 9-113, 11-117, 12-104.

MlSSlONS.—Anglican, 1-42. 3-54, 4-105. 8-50, 9-71; Melanesian. 1-68; Bishop Newton Fund. 2-15; Methodist, 2-55, 6-83, 11-70; Seventh Day Adventist. 2-68, 5-67. '5-81, 9-67; Lutheran, 2-76. 2- 5-67; London Missionary Society, 2-76. 5-46; Latter Day Saints, 3-49; Roman Catholic, 3- 5-67. 6-100; Presbyterian, 6-75; Pastor Kata Ragoso (SDAi. 8-31; Rev. James Chalmers, 10-92.

N NAURU.—3-6. 3-11, 8-13. 12-105.

NEW CALEDONIA. —(Labour. 2-49. 3-18. 6-36, 8-37, 11-90: General, 3-16, 10-112. 11-23: Relic of Cook’s Voyage, 4-39. 9-45; New Department Store, 5-45; Capt. Pierre Marriott!. 6-20; Housing Shortage. 7-51; Exchange of School Children. 8-88; Mineral Wealth and Mining. 8-93. 11-17; Hurricane, 9-103; Wallis Group, 11-19; Election of Deputy, 12-23.

NIUE. - 1-67, 2-67. 5-47. 5-63. 6-36. 6-76. 8-41. 8-45, 8-68. 12-43, 12-77.

NORFOLK IS.—l-84, 2-85, 8-89. 10-15. 10-49. 12-75.

NEW HEBRIDES.—GeneraI. 1-27. 2-11. 3-79, 4- 111, 5-77, 5-105. 6-54, 6-84. 7-63, 8-71. 11-49. 12-51; Tonkinese. 2-6; Earthquakes, 3-50. 6-43. 8- 9-44: Miss Vila Quest. 3-75; R. D. Blandy. 4- Native Labour. 4-73; Blood Transfusion Service, 10-45; New Telephones, 10-50; Liquor to Natives. 10-73; Ambrym Volcano. 10-83.

NEW GUINEA (DUTCH) .—lndonesian Claim, 2-5, 4-8. 6-8; General, 2-36, 3-6; Purchase by Australia, 11-71.

O OIL. (See also various Territories!. —l-6, 2-6. 2-44, 3-26, 3-100, 4-10, 5-111, 6-78, 6-99, 8-9. 9- 9-24. 12-20. 12-50.

Organisations And Associations.—Ng

Planters’ Association, 1-7. 2-10; NG Memorial Scholarship Fund, 1-33. 2-77, 5-43, 6-103, 8-11, 12-115; NG Womens Club. Sydney. 1-37, 3-9, 4-8. 5-15, 6-93, 7-21, 10-40. 11-10. 12-13; Pacific Science Organisation, 1-45; Pacific Islands Society, 1-103. 3-31, 5-97. 11-10, 12-115; Polynesian Club, 2-110, 12-69; Pan Pacific Women’s Association, 3-80; NG Ex-Servicemen’s Club.

Sydney. 3-100: 9-74; 10-26. 11-101. 12-14; Institute of Pacific Relations. 3-112; Rabaul Comforts Fund, 3-115; Melb. NG Women’s Association, 4-8. 6-87; NG RSSAILA, 4-9, 10-73; Fiji Society. 5-68; P-NG Public Service Association. 11-37.

P PACIFIC (GENERAL).- Hilder Water Colours, 1- 2-9. 9-15; Pacific Studies. 1-67; Cruising Yachts, 1-72, 2-44. 3-43, 12-106; Stevenson, R. L.. 2- 5-59, 12-63; South Pacific Federation, 2-69; Laubach System of Literacy, 2-81; Barney Bergin. 2- F’ei Bananas, 2-97, 3-8; Cattle Raising, 3- Polynesian Migrations, 3-103, 12-67; Fishing. 4-60; Report on NZ Island Territories, 5-65; Mutton Birds. 6-48; Forest Preservation. 6-67; Birthday Honours, 6-101; Pacific Pact. 7-3, 10-5. 10- NZ Internal Marketing Division, 7-31; Hot Water from Sun’s Rays, 7-45; Native Equality. 7-82; Repellant for Leeches, 8-75; Coral Sea Cyclone, 8-91; NZ Waterfront Dispute, 9-9. 11- 11-38, 12-49; Race Prejudice, 9-49; Films, 9-78. 10-46. 12-23; US Price Freeze Effect. 9-86; AMP—What Next?, 9-108; Administration Change in SW Pacific Groups, 10-7, 11-9, 11-19, 12-17; Future of French Colonies. 10-9. 10-55; Polynesians in NZ. 10-17. 12-9, 12-37; Polynesian Outposts. 10-79; Imperial Institute Exhibits, 10- 84; School Fees, 10-89; Coral Sea Battle Anniversary. 10-110; McArthur Dismissal and Pacific Defence, 10-119; Australia’s Leadership in S.

Pacific. 11-5; Pacific Trade. 11-8; Inadequacies of Pensions, 11-28; The “Peanut Scheme’’

Mentality. 11-53; Namatj ; ra, 11-59; Pacific Bibliographies. 11-119; Pacific Islands Monthly 21 Years Old, 12-7, 12-107; US Pacific Territories Under New Status, 12-7; Administrator of Northern Territory, 12-17; Japs Seek Return of Islands, 12-104.

PALMYRA IS.—6-93.

PAPAIN.—I-50.

PAPUA-NEW GUINEA—Lae, 1-6. 1-21, 2-7 4- 7-111. 8-79. 8-86. ft-83, 10-105. 11-103 12- Oil. 1-6, 2-62. 2-44, 3-26, 3-89. 3-100 4- 5-111, 6-78. 6-99, 8-9, 9-10, 10-107; Australian Income Tax, 1-7. 1-8. 1-28. 2-8; Gold 1-8, 1-25, 2-115. 3-92. 3-100, 3-108. 4-8, 4-42! 5- 6-94; 7-23, 8-8, 9-13, 9-99, 11-11, 11-31, 119 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1951

11-50; Polio. 1-9, 2-23: Migrant Doctors. 1-9; Port Moresby, 1-10, 2-13, 3-21, 4-89, 5-33. 6-23, 8- 8-69, 9-27. 10-41, 11-39. 12-29: Public Service Salaries. 1-11; Native Labour, 1-11, 2-29, P-119, 3-13. 4-77, 5-108, 6-17, 9-111. 10-47; Timber, 1-13. 4-7, 4-10, 4-107, 6-8, 6-97. 8-19. 9- 12-99; Defence, 1-20. 1-30. 1-63. 2-11. 2-67, 4-88, 8-6, 11-23, 11-49; Artifacts, 1-35, 2-59, 3- 5-18; Talk-Talk, 1-53, 2-57, 3-57, 4-57, 5- 53, 6-51, 7-53, 8-53, 9-55, 10-57, 11-57, 12-62; War Graves, 1-64, 2-73; Madang, 1-69, 2-91, 3-85, 4- 6-35, 7-23, 8-92, 9-102, 10-81, 11-54, 12-45; Tea, 1-85, 2-32, 6-61; Visit of Parliamentarians, 1- Development, 1-99, 2-35, 3-5, 11-29; New Ireland, 1-104; Rabaul, 1-105, 2-107, 3-37, 4-41, 5- 6-15, 7-7, 7-106, 8-29, 8-67, 9-8, 10-11, 10- 11-35, 11-81, 12-53; Copra, 2-7, 2-33, 3-15, 4-9, 5-7, 6-7, 7-9. 7-73. 8-7, 9-19; Sandals for Police Boys, 2-15. 5-73; Indonesian Infiltration, 2- 4-42, 5-9; Yali, 2-45; Prison Farms, 2-48; NG Highlands. 2-48, 4-45, 4-51, 4-55, 8-56, 8-77, 9-66, 10-9, 12-91; Education, 2-112, 7-69, 11-85; Korea Volunteers, 2-119; Mokolkols, 3-8, 6-45. 7- GPA, 3-10; Lae Oil Installations, 3-10; T.

Gough and Family, 3-11; Fr. McEncroe, 3-11; Sugar Cane Expedition. 3-16. 9-35, 11-27; Montevideo Maru Memorial, 3-17; South Pacific Post, 3-18, 7-35; Moresby Brewery, 3-27, 7-7, 9- Karkar Is., 3-34, 12-59: Cost of Living. 3- 9-25, 11-66; Memorial Hospital in Brisbane, 3-73; Administration, 3-113, 5-7, 6-6, 6-7, 8- 9-9, 11-7; War Disposals, 3-117, 6-99; R.

W. Robson’s Notes. 4-11, 4-19, 4-59, 5-11, 5-49, 6- ; Lae Hotel. 4-29, 8-9; Housing, 4-37, 10-102; Wau and Goldfields. 4-47. 5-83, 6-77. 7-109, S- -101, 11-116, 12-86; Markham Bridge, 4-67, 12-10; Coastal Shipping, 4-81, 9-15. 11-10; Town Plans. 4- 6-65. 7-113, 8-105; Rubber. 4-115; Daru, 4- Cost to Australia. 5-19; Chinese, £-29; Manus, 5-37. 7-41, 10-19; Miss Rabaul Quest, 5- Old Records. 5-47; Leahy Brothers, 5-56; Native Police Salaries. 5-75; PS Working Hours, 5- Fall of Rabaul Anniversary, 3-9, 7-15; Works and Housing Dept., 6-21, 6-63, 9-39, 10- Passion Fruit Growing. 6-39; Girl Guides, 6- Matupi Natives “Rights,” 6-47; Herr Frings, 6-52, 8-84; Liquor Permits, 6-79; Mangrove Bark Industry, 6-103, 7-31, 12-35; Hospitals, 6-105, 9-37; Mt. Lamington Relief Fund, 7- 8-85, 9-41, 11-50; Livestock Introductions, 7-9; Rice Growing, 7-9; Mt. Lamington Eruption, 7- 7-11. 8-11, 8-35, 8-41. 9-11, 9-35, 10-15, 10-83, 11-27, 12-9; Bougainville. 7-26, 7-37, 9-36; Mr. Spender’s Washington Appointment, 8-5; Coronia Tourists, 8-18; Otto Soltwedel, 8-27; Advisory Councils, 8-38. 9-13; Naturalisation, 8- Richard Humphries Verse, 8-59; Movie Theatres for Natives, 8-72; Capt. and Mrs.

Duncan Golden Wedding, 7-4, 8-106; Retirement of W. H. Halford-Thompson, 8-107; Departmental Research Section, 8-109; Jap Colonists Proposed for NG, 8-111; Page-Adams Wedding, 9- PCB and Auditor-General’s Report, 9-17; Wharf Replacement, 9-32, 10-76; Arts Council, 9-41; Pioneers of Goldfields, 9-41, 9-75; Kukukukus, 9-58. 12-83; Sepik River, 9-60; Arbitration Ordinance, 9-69; Industry Penalised, 9-70; Aerodromes, 9-77; No Encouragement for Agriculture, 9- Mr. Hasluck, 10-7. 11-7, 12-7; Air Drop for Purari Patrol, 10-18; Australia’s 7th State, 10- 11-75; Pullen Patrol Incident, 10-37, 12- 27; Hydro-Electricity, 10-45, 12-9; Sheldon Family, 10-53; Matthews Memorial Appeal, 10- 69; Wagawaga Community Development, 10-83; National Parks for P-NG, 10-87; No Pension for Papuan PS Widows 10-107; Soldier Settlement, 11- Lost Land Registers, 11-10; Sir H. Murray Fund, 11-10; Taipan Snakes, 11-11; Livestock Importations, 11-25; Fisheries Report, 11-89; “Spoiling Papuans,” 11-91, 12-70; Half-Castes, 11- Abandoning Ex-Pro. Plantations, 11-115; £B,OOO for Native Landowners,, 12-5; Bulola Wages Agreement, 12-9; Motor Registration. 12- Hanuabadans and Their Finances,. 12-33; Romney Marsh Sheep, 12-46; Fead Islands, 12- 117.

PEARLING AND SHELL FISHING.—S-39, 8-19, 8-75, 9-89, 11-31.

PHOSPHATE. —2-98.

PITCAIRN IS.—2-73. 4-25, 11-75, 11-107.

R RICE —2-9, 2-51. 3-39, 6-100, 7-9. 10-102.

RUBBER. (See also under various Territories) .-4-115, 7-49, 9-51, 11-6. s SAMOA, EASTERN.—I-85, 2-28, 8-43, 8-103, 10-33, 12-27.

SAMOA. WESTERN.—Crime Wave, 1-28, 2-95, 2- 3-77, 3-119, 4-42, 9-35, 12-6, 12-18; Business Credit for Samoans, 1-73; Lawyer Needed, 1-97; Prosperity, 1-111, 2-21, 5-39. 8-23, 11-75; General. 2-84, 3-71, 4-15. 9-79; Hydro Electricity, 3- Malie School, 3-53; Smyth Golden Wedding. 3-91, 4-21; Cocoa, 3-119. 4-23, 6-41. 7-15: 7-63, 9-73; New Newspaper, 4-9. 7-35; Legislative Assembly, 4-23; Centenarian Dies, 4-31; Police Awards, 4-46; Reparation Estates, 4-86; Catalina Crash, 5-6. 6-28: R. G. Powles, 5-72, 12-7; Aleisa Settlement, 5-95; Soldiers In Korea. 6-31; Shipping Services. 6-49; Marlst Bros. School. 6-49; L. B. D. Frost, 6-78; Record Xmas Spending, 6-84; NZ Medical Research Team, 7-50; Rainfall, 7-51; Vi.lage Water Supplies;. 7-67; Dr. Keesing’s Visit. 7-94; Bananas, 8-73; Mr.

Dulles’ Visit, 8-76; Assembly Election. 8-76. 9-11. 10- 11-67: Baby Stealing Case, 10-68; Apia Racing Club, 10-71; High Salaries Bill, 10-73; Tokelau Memorial. 10-92; New Political Party, 11- 12-105; RNZAF Visitors. 11-79; Thieme Family, 12-10.

SHIPPING AND SHIPS.—Union Steamship Co..

I- WRC Line, 1-34; Tofua. 1-38, 11-8; Small Ships from Aust., 1-87, 3-81, 4-83. 7-110; John Williams VI., 3-43; Mariposa and Monterey, 3- Lautoka, 3-83, 7-5; Maui Pomare, 4-7; Aorangi, 4-13, 5-9, 7-5, 8-9. 9-11, 11-9; Fetu Moana. 5-8. 7-21; Huia, 5-37. 7-5; Margaret. 5- Ivor Jenny, 6-9, 7-7, 7-84; Capt. Russell iMatua) Retires, 6-27; Stella Maris. 6-28; Nareau. 7-21; Nimanoa, 7-27; Dutch Shipping Line. 7-86; Caronia, 8-14; Stella Polaris, 8-14; Admiral Chase, 8-105; Nautical Museum. 9-60; Commandant Chariot, 10-21; Yankee, 10-58, 12- 57; Alexandria, 10-81; New Golden Hind. 10-81; Evaleeta. 10-85; Malekula, 11-11; French Ships In Pacific. 11-27; Matua, 11-34; Gona, 11-35; Qorda. 11-67; Laurabada, 11-67, 12-90; Ornant, II- SOLOMON ISLANDS.—Copra, 1-34. 1-43. 1-81. 4- 6-65. 8-35, 9-91, 11-51; Native Labour. 1-35; Marching Rule, 1-41, 1-77, 2-75, 9-90; Savo. 1-57; Major S. G. Masterman Retires, 1-76; Catalina Crash, 2-43; Native Murder, 2-53; Advisory Council, 3-38, 5-95; Vanikoro, 3-79; Bomb* Disposal, 3-80. 12-47; Taro Disease, 4-43; Education. 4-46; Geologists’ Expedition, 4-53; 6- Eruptions,. 4-73; General, 4-75, 7-68; Airmail Services. 4-80; Wharf Problems, 4-80. 8-17; Cattle Export Banned, 4-92; Rainfall. 6-7: Shipping. 6-100, 12-39; Western Solomons, 7-59; Honiara Museum. 7-68; Guadalcanal Club, 7-76. 12-67; Minister of State Interviews BSI Planter. 8-25; Cocoa. 8-38; Introduction of Rabbits, 8-39; Commonwealth Bank, 10-9, 12-35; WPHC Moves HQ. 10-10; Soccer Team for NZ, 10-27; Red Cross. 11-87; Native Representative Goes to UK. 12-73; Rice Shortage. 12-78.

SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION.—I-13. 1-17 2- 2-113, 3-7, 4-17, 4-27, 5-21, 6-19. 7-8, 8-6, 8-9, 8-10, 9-82, 9-109, 10-29, 10-74, 11-7. 11-45, 12-13.

Stamp Collecting And New Issues.—

1-31, 1-47. 4-68, 9-69.

SUGAR.—2-94, 3-17, 4-23. 6-9, 9-7, 10-21.

SULPHUR.—I-41, 7-42. 10-17, 10-34.

T TAHITI AND FRENCH OCEANIA—General.

I- 1-108, 2-24, 2-85. 4-69, 6-71, 6-96, 7-87. 10- 51, 10-114, 11-113, 12-114; Rapa. 1-56; Decorations, 2-23; Leeward Is., 2-60; Tourism, 3-41. 4- Sudden Departure of Governor, 4-7; New- Dry Dock, 4-9; Chinese, 6-42; Cement Scandal, 6- New Governor, 6-71; New British Consul. 7- Death for Brander Murderers. 7-7; Deficit and High Taxation, 7-25; Lasalle-Sere, 7-34, Airmail Service, 10-8, 11-9: Old Tahitian Language Books, 10-39; Tax for Visitors, 10-47; Dirty Bank Notes. 10-87; Verniers Farewelled, 10-115; Tupai, 11-62; Gauguin, 11-69; Punaruu Traffic Bridge, 11-101; Von Luckner’s Treasure, 12-50.

TONGA. —Political Reform, 2-41; Royal Tortoise, 2-55; School for Vavau, 3-27; General. 3- 7-64, 8-47; Tungi’s Visit to Australia, 4-7, 5- Fire in Picture Theatre, 4-15; Overpopulation, 5-9; Treaty of Friendship, 7-27, 8-55, II- Fire Brigade of 50 Years Ago, 9-110; Niuafo’ou Copra, 10-88; No Air Service?, 11-7; Tungi for UK, 11-7; Alfred Cowley, 11-58.

TORRES STRAIT ISLANDS.—2-109, 5-67.

Trading, Planting And Business

FIRMS.—C. Sullivan (Pacific Is.), Ltd., 1-8; South Pacific Insurance Co., 2-98; Steamships Trading Co.. 4-10; Morris Hedstrom Ltd.. 4-45, 7-8; Ventrillon & Cie, 5-45; Robert Gillespie, 6- Pacific Biscuit Co., 6-37; Anderson’s Industries, 9-77; Burns Philp (SS) Ltd., 10-80; Burns Philp & Co., Ltd., 10-104.

TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL (UN).—l-31. 3-93, 5-17, 8-49.

News Notes From N. Hebrides

SANTO, July 6.

SANTO’s roads now are very bad. Potholes of the more spectacular type are the rule. If you do not care for corrugations, there are several water hazards which try the nerve, tempers and skill of drivers. And, of course . . . the poor old vehicles. The pedestrians (there are no foot-paths) have their full share of the agony.

A farewell cocktail party was recently given to the French Delegate, M. Menager and Mme. Menager, at the Cine Tropical.

They leave on the Morinda for Sydney, via the Solomons. They are en route to France.

M. L, D. Cao’s ship, for local trading, arrived at Santo after a smart voyage from Sydney via Noumea. This is the first of several expected arrivals. It is necessary to introduce an anxious note here. There are indications that Mr. Pat Savage left Brisbane over three weeks ago in a 42 ft. ex-fishing boat, and there has been no word of him. In addition to Mr.

Savage, the ship carried a competent navigator and one extra crew.

Qantas arrived late this week and. owing to a choppy sea and heavy rain, and the fact that the launch had decided to go on strike, the aircraft merely dropped its passengers and mails, and took off for Vila, leaving passengers, air cargo and mails behind. The captain wisely declined to make use of a dinghy instead of the usual launch, because the dinghy could have caused damage to the plane’s hull.

Oil Search In Papua

REPORTING on July 19. the Australasian Petroleum Co. says that the No. 2 bore at Hohoro, Papua, is now down to 3,295 feet, and that Island Exploration Co’s bore at Omai is down to 5,659, and casing has been cemented to 5,401 feet.

Tom Nevitt Retires

AFTER 40 YEARS IN PAPUA /"VNE of Papua’s pioneers and best known XJ residents, Mr. Tom Nevitt, has cornpleted plans for retirement to Queensland, where he and Mrs. Nevitt will take up residence in August.

He has been a clerk, labour recruiter, rubber planter, gold miner, backblocks trader and city merchant; and for the latter part of his 40 years in the Territory he was general manager of British New Guinea Development Co. He retains substantial interests in Papua. _

Coastal Shipping Troubles

In New Guinea

THE First Assistant Secretary of the Department of Territories went to Papua-New Guinea this month, to consult with the Administrator, the Chairman of the Production Control Board (Mr. lan M. McDonald) and other high officials concerning measures to be taken to improve the coastal shippingfacilities in both the Territories.

The plans for transferring coastal shipping from Government control to private enterprise appears to be making slow progress.

Storm Tragedy At Lord Howe

THE North Tasman Sea, in recent weeks, has been plagued by sudden cyclonic storms; and one such brought tragedy to Lord Howe Island.

Thomas Payten, 45, well-known resident, and Bryant Smith, 31. were out at sea. fishing, on June 17, when a 70-mile-anhour gale came up without warning; and they were never seen again. The Australian Navy, by sea and air, conducted a search for two days.

Published by PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS PTY., LTD.. Union House, 247 George Street. Sydney. (Telephone: BW 5037.) set up and printed in Australia by the Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co. Pty., Ltd., 29 Alberta Street, Sydney. (Telephone, MA 7 01.)

Port Moresby Sydney Service

Bv Soif*nt * “FOR LUXURY AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL” pi The newly inaugurated "Chieftain" service between Port Moresby and Sydney, calling en route at Brisbane, is now on a regular weekly schedule.

The “Chieftain” service is the last word in luxury air travel. You fly in the most modern flying: boat in the world . . The new, specially-fitted double-deck Solent. Relax in deep-seated comfort with, by day, the ever-changing panorama of the Barrier Reef and Australia’s Northern Coastline spreading before your eyes ... by night, you fly under the canopy of the Pacific stars.

The new luxury starship, “Star of Australia,” has that exclusive club atmosphere, and each passenger is our special guest-of-honour, For your convenience, there is a well-stocked library; hot and cold water and electric razors provided in the gentlemen’s room; whilst for the ladies . . . sheer delight! . . modern kidney dressing tables with fluorescent lighting.

Your meals on the “Chieftain” will be an epicure’s delight . . .

Specially prepared in our electric grillroom aloft, for your particular pleasure.

Two flight stewards and a hostess service, together with a well-stocked cocktail bar, will cater for your needs. % % % % i BRITAIN’S MOST LUXURIOUS FLYING BOAT. \ \ % % \ % % % % PO

Rt Moresby

% i *5 % n m % a m - % % % % BRISBANE % % % % S YD N EY IP Between-seat tables provide facilities for the congenial relaxation of passengers.

Trans Oceanic Airways

SYDNEY McArthur Shipping Co.

Pty.. Ltd. 31 Macquarie Place. •U 2048 BU 2049 Principal Agents

Port Moresby

Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.

BRISBANE World Travel Headquarters, Lennons Hotel.

B 4114 B 4124 JULY, 1951 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Merchants, & Ship Owners

Sfrj’-g'fS SPI;. : w^in4M^-'ss Capital £1,000,000 ESTABLISHED 1914

General Merchants

AND PROVIDORES TRADE THROUGHOUT THE PACIFIC.

THIRTY-FIVE YEARS OF PACIFIC ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICE.

Buyers And Exporters Of All Kinds

OF ISLAND PRODUCE, COPRA, COCOA, M.O.P. SHELL, TROCAS SHELL, ETC.

Agents For Australian, European

AND AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS.

Distributors Of Every Description

OF MERCHANDISE.

Through our Sydney office, branches and agents, we distribute a wide and comprehensive range of general merchandise.

W.R. CARPENTER & OC. LTD.

Head Office: 16 O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Cable Address: Telephone: Postal Address: “CAMOHE.” BW 4421. G.P.0., BOX 168, Sydney.

In London: W. R. Carpenter & Co. (London), Ltd., Coronation House, 4 Lloyd's Ave., London, EC ASSOCIATED COMPANIES THROUGHOUT THE PACIFIC: IN NEW GUINEA: New Guinea Company, Limited, Rabaul, Lae, Madang, Kavieng.

IN PAPUA: J. R. Clay & Co., Ltd., Port Moresby.

IN FIJI: W. R. Carpenter & Co. (Fiji), Ltd., Suva.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— JULY, 1951