PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly ||nwa j'if| - August 18, 1944 VOL. XV. NO. 1.

Established 1930 [Registered at the G.P.O.,Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper ] II- WHEN General MacArthur’s forces seized Amsterdam and Middleburg Islands, at western end of Dutch New Guinea, the stay of the Jap organised forces in New Guinea, came to end There still are considerable Jap forces at by-passed places in New Guinea, such as Rabaul, Kavieng and Aitape, but they are being steadily cleaned out. Events Soon Will show whether we strike next at Timor, or at Halmahera, or at the Philippines all shown on above map.

ROLL OF HONOUR—Section I. [Section I (Killed, Missing, Prisoners) and Section II (Wounded, Decorations, etc.), published in Alternate Months] (We try to assemble here the names of men of the United Nations, residents or former residents of the Pacific Territories, whose names appear in casualty lists or who receive decorations. We should be grateful if relations and friends would send us details of such men.) KILLED Sgt. Bert AITKEN, NZEF. formerly of Fiji.

Killed in action in Libya.

Eugene AUBRY (formerly of Tahiti), of the Air Force of Fighting France. Killed in an air accident in Great Britain.

Pte. Louis ASPINALL, NZEF, formerly of W.

Samoa. Killed in action in Italy in March, 1944.

Lieut. L. E. AUSTIN, AMF, formerly of Tangara, Papua. Reported missing, believed killed, February, 1944.

Squadron-Leader Stan BALDIE, RAF, formerly of Wau, TNG. Killed in action in India.

Jean BARTHE, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

Pilot-Officer Len BAYLISS, flying instructor in the RAAF, formerly of Rabaul, New Guinea.

Killed in Sydney, 18/11/1940, when he fell from a trainer aircraft in flight.

Lieut.-Colonel C. N. F. BENGOUGH, of BSI, Defence Forces, formerly Acting-Resident Commissioner of BSI. Killed when aircraft shot down into sea, August, 1943.

R. C. BENTLEY, NZEF, formerly of Fiji.

Killed in action, Middle East, June 27, 1942.

Victor BERNUT, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

A/Bdr. Neville W. BERTWISTLE, AIF artillery (tank unit), formerly a clerk on the staff of W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., of Rabaul, New Guinea. Killed in action, April, 1941.

P/O J. B. BOMFORD, RNZAF, formerly of CSR Co.’s staff, Fiji. Killed on active service In England.

Pte. W. R. M. BRADNAM, of the NZ Forces, formerly of Fiji. Reported killed in action in the Middle East, 25/11/1941.

Warrant-Officer R. F. BRECHIN, New Guinea Force. Killed in air accident, June 17, 1942.

Formerly of NG Department of Agriculture.

Anton BRINON, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion, formerly of La Foa, New Caledonia.

Killed in action in Libya, November, 1942.

Lieut.-Colonel Felix BROCHE, of the New Caledonian-New Hebridean contingent of the Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Killed in action in the battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

Sgt.-Observer Ross BUCKLEY, RNZAF, formerly of Fiji. Reported missing in air operations.

Presumed “dead” in January, 1944.

Pilot-Officer E. H. CANARD, of RAP, formerly of Fiji Civil Service. Killed in flying accident in South Africa in the course of his duty as flying instructor.

Pte. David C. GARLAND, AIF, formerly chief assayer at the Emperor gold mines, Fiji. Killed in action in New Guinea.

Pierre CHARPENTTER, of the Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Killed in action In the battle of Bir Hacheim.

Raymond CHAUTARD (formerly of New Caledonia), of the Fighting French Pacific Battalion.

Killed in action in Libya.

Flight-Lieutenant G. J. I. CLARKE, of the RAAF, formerly Assistant Flight Superintendent of Carpenter Airlines, New Guinea. Killed in action during operations off Dakar (French West Africa), while attached to HMAS "Australia”, September, 1940.

Flying-Officer Jack R. COATH, of the RNZAF, formerly on the staff of the Bank of New Zealand, in Suva. Fiji. Killed October. 1941, when a training aircraft crashed in NZ.

Sqd.-Leader Lionel COHEN, RAF, formerly of Upper Watut, TNG. Killed when returning from a bomber raid on Berlin in 1942.

Sgt-Pilot Colin CRABBE, RAF, formerly of Suva, Fiji. Killed by enemy action in England in May. 1943.

Pte. Felix CRAIG, AIF, formerly of account* department, Australasian Petroleum Co., Port Moresby, Papua. Killed in action, June, 1941.

L. J. DAWES, of the NZ Forces, formerly District Officer of Savaii, Western Samoa. Reported killed in action, February, 1942.

Pilot-Officer V. L. DEARMAN, of the RAAF (observer), formerly overseer and clerk at the Colonial Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., Raraval, Fiji. Reported killed in action In the Middle East. October, 1941.

Lieut. Bruce Insham DENT, MC, of Fiji Military Forces. Killed in action in S-W Pacific, March 25, 1944. (See "Decorations.”) Robert DFVAUX, of FF Pacific Battalion formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

Gustav GOGENMOS, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

Cpl. Alec GIBB, NZEF, formerly of Apia, Western Samoa. Killed in action in Italy in early 1944.

Capt. Jean GILBERT, of the Naval Forces of Fighting Prance, and formerly of Tahiti. Killed air accident while on mission in South Pacific.

Captain Kenneth GARDEN, of the RAF Ferry Command, formerly of Guinea Airways Ltd., in New Guinea. Killed September, 1941, when a bomber he "ferried" from USA crashed on west coast of Britain.

Flying-Officer Moresby GOPTON. of the RAP, •on of Mrs. F. S. Stewart, of Wau, New Guinea.

Reported missing, 17/5/1940 —presumed killed in air operations.

Rifleman J. A. GOODWIN, AIF infantry, formerly of Bulwa. TNG. Reported "accidentally killed”. April. 1942 Ernest GOURNAC (formerly of Tahiti), of the Air Force of Fighting France. Killed in an air accident in Britain.

Pte. Wallace GRAHAM, of the NZ Force* (infantry), formerly on the staff of Morris Hedstrom Ltd., Fiji. Killed in action in the Middle East, November, 1941, Lieut. J. A. GRANT, AIF, formerly of Mandated Territory. Killed in action.

Lieut. L. B. GROVE, AIF, formerly of Madang, TNG. Killed in action.

Squadron-Leader C. R, GURNEY, RAAF, a former chief pilot of Guinea Airways, Ltd.

Killed in action in the New Guinea area, May, 1942.

Pte. B. HAMILTON, AIF, formerly of Auckland, NZ, and New Guinea. Killed in action.

Gerald T. J. HARPER, RAF, son of Major and Mrs. P. Harper, of Ra, Fiji. Killed in action while navigating a Whitley bomber during a raid on the Continent.

Capt. G. C. HARRIS, AIF, formerly of Papua.

Reported killed in action, June, 1944.

J. HEAD, RAAF. formerly of Fiji. Killed in flying accident in Australia, 1941.

Captain L. T. HURRELL, infantry, Rabaul.

Killed in action.

Sqd.-Leader James R. HYDE, of the RAF, formerly a Patrol Office in Namatanai and Sepik Districts, TNG. Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, 1941. Killed in action while leading an attack on an enemy convoy off the coast of Greece, July 24, 1942.

Pte. Jack JOHNSON, formerly of Morris Hedstrom’s staff, Fiji. Killed in action on November 4, while serving with the AIF in New Guinea.

Flying-Officer Alan JOHNSTONE, of the RAF, who was born in Suva, Fiji, in 1915. Killed during bombing raid on Kristiansand, Norway, April, 1940.

Flying-Officer G. M. KEOGH, RAAF, formerly of Wewak, TNG. Killed in air operations in New Guinea, August 30, 1943.

LAC Douglas KIRBY, RAF, who left Suva, Fiji, with the first contingent of Air Force trainees. Reported killed in a flying accident in South Africa, March, 1942.

Marcel KOLLEN, of the Pacific Battalion of Fighting France. Killed in action in the battle of Bir Hacheim.

Marcellin LACABANNE, of the French Colonial Infantry Commandos. Holder of the Croix de Guerre, with Silver Star, and Medaills Militaire.

Formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action in Amiens, France, May 25, 1940.

C. D. LAMONT, RAF, formerly a master at Boys’ Grammar School, Suva, Fiji. Missing, believed killed on air operations over Germany.

Cpl. Gaston LESSON, of the Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Killed in battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

F/O Allan T. LEYDIN, RAAF, formerly of Papua and the Mandated Territory. Killed in flying operations over the Mediterranean, October 26, 1943.

James LEVY, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

Capt. (now Lt.-Oolonel) Edward Tlwi LOVE, NZ Maori Battalion, husband of Mrs. Takau Rio Love, Ariki-nui of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Reported missing during campaign in Greece, May, 1941; later, June, 1941, reported “wounded and safe.” Officially announced, July 17, 1942, killed in action in Libya.

Flying-Officer John C. LOWE, RAAF, formerly an overseer with the CSR Co. In Fiji. Reported, 11/4/1942, "took part in air defence of Rabaul, TNG, —missing, believed killed".

Pte. L. F. McCarthy, AIF infantry, formerly supercargo on W. R. Carpenter and Co.’« inter-island vessels "Desikoko” and "Mako”, In New Guinea. Reported “killed in action” in Syria, 30/10/1941.

Sgt. Kenneth MACGREGOR, AIF, formerly practising as a barrister and solicitor in Wau, TNG. Reported missing, believed killed, In Papua.

Sgt.-Pilot Ronald MACKAY, RAAF, formerly of Thursday Island. Killed in an aircraft accident in England.

Lieut. J. McCLYMONT, formerly of Apia, W.

Samoa. Reported killed in action.

Lance-Corporal A. D. MacPHEE, son of Mr.

R. D. MacPhee, Levuka, Fiji, He was 35, was a member of the AIF, and was killed in Greece, May, 1941.

Ernest MARTIAS, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

Francois MASSON, of the Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Killed in action in the battle of Bir Hacheim.

Capt. John Malcolm METHVEN. Reported killed in action in Egypt on July 22, 1942, while serving with the AIF. He was born in Ocean Island, and is the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs.

Stuartson C. Methven, of Belgrave, Victoria.

P/O Officer Stuartson Charles METHVEN, born in Suva, Fiji, brother of the late Capt. J.

M. Methven. Killed in air operations over Germany on January 23, 1943.

Spr. A. L. MORANDINI, AIF Engineers, formerly of Konedobu, Papua. Reported killed in action, April, 1942.

F/O R. H. MORGAN, RAAF. Missing, now presumed dead, after flying operations on May 6, 1944.

Marc MOUTRY, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Killed in action.

QM Sgt. Toby O’BRIEN, AIF, formerly of the Lands and Surveys Department, TNG. Killed in action at Lae in September, 1943.

F. R. J. NICHOLLS, Royal Artillery, formerly of Fiji. Killed in action, Burma, May, 1942.

W/O G. A. OBST, formerly a member of the Lutheran Mission, TNG. Joined Australian military forces in February, 1942. Killed in action in New Guinea on December 21, 1942.

J. L. C. OSBORN, NZEF, formerly of Fiji.

Killed in action, Middle East, June, 1942.

Pilot-Officer Ivan PALMER, RAF, formerly of Fiji. Killed in air operations over Malta.

Lieut. R. G. M. PEMBERTON, AIF, formerly of Rabaul, New Guinea. Killed in action.

O. PILLING, RAF. formerly of Fiji. Missing; believed killed.

Lieut. Tony PHELPS, Fiji Military Forces.

Killed in action in the South Pacific, January, 1944.

Flight-Lieut. H. G. PILLING, DFC, of the RAF, formerly of Suva, Fiji. Killed on air operations, May 19, 1942.

Pte. Edward Harold PRICE, 2nd NZEF (27th Machine Gun Battalion), youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. J. Price, Savu Savu West, Fiji. Killed in action during the Libyan campaign, Middle East. 27/11/1941.

Pte. Cecil PURCELL, NZEF, formerly of Aleipata, Samoa. First Samoan Euronesian to give his life in World War 11. Killed in action in Middle Bast.

P/O G. REES-JONES, RAAF, formerly of Labasa, Fiji. Killed in air operations over Germany, August 16, 1942.

Captain W. H. ROBERTS, NZEF, who was Accountant in the Samoa Treasury Dept., during 1934-35. Killed in action in Libya, December, 1941.

Pte. Kameli ROKOTUILOMA, of the Fiji Military Forces. Reported killed in action, December, 1943.

Major A. B. ROSS, NZEF, who, between 1923- 29 was successively, Assistant Secretary for Native Affairs. Assistant Secretary to the Administration, and ADC to the Administrator of Samoa. Killed in action in Libya.

Cpl. Alex. C. SCOTT, AIF, formerly manager at Kieta, TNG, for Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd.

Killed in action in the Middle East, 19/6/1941.

J. SIMPSON, RAAF, formerly of Fiji. Killed in action over Malta, July, 1941.

Sgt. R. R. SHORT, AIF, formerly of Port Moresby. Killed in action.

Lieut. G. STEVENSON, AIF. formerly a Patrol Officer in New Guinea. Killed in action in New Guinea, on June 26, 1943.

Lieutenant A. G. W. THOMAS, RANR, formerly master of Burns Philp & Company’s SB "Muliama.” Killed in action.

Pte. Popoare TANGHTI, of the NZ Force* (Maori Battalion), formerly of Mangala, Cook Islands. Reported "missing after Battle of (Continued on Inside Back Cover) PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

Pacific News-Review

Notes And Comment On

The Progress Of The War

FROM JULY 18 TO AUG. 15 July 18: Tokio Radio to-day made the dramatic announcement that General Tojo has been removed as Chief of the Japanese General Staff.

July 18: Russian forces have entered Latvia, thus intensifying their campaign to free the Baltic States.

July 20: British and Canadian troops who broke through the German defences on the east bank of the Orne River, in Normandy, on Tuesday, are now within half a mile of Troarn and are driving for Vimont.

July 20: Following the resignation of Tojo as Chief of Japanese General Staff, the whole of the Japanese Cabinet has resigned. General Kuniaki Koiso, former Governor-General of Korea, and Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai, a former Premier, have been chosen to form a Cabinet.

July 20: An unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Hitler “by explosives” was made. Hitler was slightly, and several members of his staff seriously, injured.

July 21: US Army and Marine assault troops have landed on Guam (120 miles south of Saipan, in the Marianas). Beach-, heads have been established and the landing is going to programme. A heavy naval and aerial bombardment preceded and supported the landing.

July 23: Following the attack on Hitler, there are many reports of revolt in the Germany Army. The position is obscure.

July 23: The Germans’ east front now is collapsing, as the Red Army sweeps forward on a 1,100-mile front. Russians are reported in the suburbs of Lwow.

July 23: Premier of the new Japanese Cabinet is General Kuniaki Koiso, former Governor-General of Korea. The new Cabinet has pledged itself to fight to the finish against the Allies.

July 24: The Russians, driving into Poland, are 50 miles from Warsaw. The German fortresses of Bialystok, Brest Litovsk, Lublin and Lwow have been bypassed, miles behind the front lines, to be cleaned up by the second wave of Russians.

July 24 American troops have made another landing in the Marianas, at Tinian Island, 18 miles south of Saipan.

July 26: Warsaw is reported in flames as the Russians close in against the city from east and south. German resistance is broken everywhere along hundreds of miles of front.

July 26: Local advances have been made by the Americans west of St. Lo, in Normandy. German counter-attacks in the Tilly-Campagne sectors have forced the British to make slight withdrawals.

July 26: US troops have wiped out the last pockets of resistance around their beach-heads on Guam and have linked their two assault forces July 27: Russian infantry to-day swarmed across the Vistula, last natural German defence line before Warsaw.

They used thousands of amphibious trucks. The offensive towards East Prussia has been resumed.

July 27: American armoured columns and infantry which broke through the enemy defences west of St. Lo are driving forward on a narrow front without serious opposition.

July 27: Three destroyers and a Netherlands cruiser went into Japanese-held Sabang Harbour (Sumatra) on Tuesday to engage targets at close range. They were supported by carrier-borne aircraft and left the port in flames.

July 30: The British are making progress in a new drive in Prance on a wide front east from Caumont.

July 30: New Zealand troons forming the spearhead of the Allied drive on Florence (Italy) have inflicted heavy enemy losses.

July 31: In their twin drives in Normandy both British and the Americans have made rapid progress. The Americans are in Avranches and the British troops are east of St. Martin-des-Besaces.

Aug. 1: The Allies are making rapid progress in France. American columns are across the border into Brittany; and the British bulge south-west of Caumont has almost doubled in 24 hours.

Aug. 1; Russian and Polish troops, under an umbrella of planes, are attacking the Warsaw suburb of Praga.

Aug. 1: US forces landed unopposed in the Cape Sanapor area, at the extreme western tip ol Dutch New Guinea. They have cut off 15,000 Japs and are now 675 miles airline from Mindanao (Philippines).

Aug. 2: Turkey has broken off diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.

Aug. 2: Mr. Churchill announced that 4,735 people have lost their lives through flying-bombs and those injured total 14,000. Punishment of the Germans will be appreciably increased.

Aug. 3: Americans have taken Rennes (88,000, capital of Brittany).

Aug. 3: The Russians have reached the East Prussian border and are shelling German territory.

Aug. 4: Red Armies, driving for Silesia, have crossed the Vistula, 120 miles south of Warsaw. The Polish Underground Army has seized parts of Warsaw.

Aug. 6: Americans in northern France, racing across Brittany, have reached Brest (naval base at the western tip of the province). They are within 15 miles of Lorient and 18 miles of St. Nazaire.

Aug. 6: The battle for Guam is almost over. A gigantic man-hunt is being carried out by US troops, as they move in on the battered remnants of the Japanese garrison.

Aug. 6: South African troops have penetrated to the centre of Florence, in Italy. Germans say their troops have been withdrawn “to spare the historic town.”

Aug. 9: British and Canadians launched a big offensive south-east of Caen. A German counter-attack, trying to reach the sea at the foot of Cherbourg Peninsula, was disastrously defeated. The Allies have moved in to pin the Germans against the River Seine.

Aug. 7: Americans in Brittany have wheeled left and are driving east towards Le Mans and Paris.

Aug. 7: US naval task force bombarded the Bonin Islands, 600 miles from Tokio; wiped out an enemy convoy and heavily damaged installations.

Aug. 9: The Canadians in France advanced 12 miles, smashing through the German “hinge” south of Caen. The Americans are near Le Mans.

Aug. 9: Moscow announces that the Russians have crossed into East Prussia and fierce fighting is in progress.

Aug. 9: The American flag flies again over Guam.

Aug. 10: Americans have reached Nantes (mouth of Loire). Other American units, beyond Le Mans, are only 87 miles from Paris. Canadian and British are advancing south and east, and the Germans are threatened with a gigantic pincer movement.

Aug, 10: President Roosevelt has been in Pearl Harbour conferring with his Pacific Service chiefs (including Admiral Nimitz and General MacArthur).

Aug. 11: Super-fortresses based on China attacked Japan for the third time.

They raided industrial targets in the Nagasaki area, key centre of aircraft and war production. Other Fortresses from south-east Asia attacked targets near Palembang (Sumatra).

Aug. 13: With the elimination by the Russians of the German salient east of Warsaw, a new Russian threat to East Prussia has developed.

Aug. 13: The Germans, under a terrific and pitiless air bombardment, are retreating from the Normandy bulge, trying to escape encirclement by American troops driving north from Le Mans and British troops driving south past Falaise.

Aug. 15: The escape gap in Normandy between Falaise and Argentan is now only 10 miles wide. The Canadians have advanced to within three miles of Falaise and the Americans have entered Argentan. The enemy’s position is critical.

Aug. 15: British, French and American troops landed on the Mediterranean coast of France to-day, on both sides of Toulon.

By mid-morning all landings were proceeding successfully against light onposition. The full weight of the Allied Mediterranean air force was used to blast a way for the landings. The largest airborne force ever used (over 14,000) was successfully landed two miles behind the enemy defences, and met little opposition.

New Guinea Casualty List

Missing, Believed Prisoner of War P 496, Sergt. W. A. H. Butteris; HQ Unit; Madang.

Removed From Seriously 111 List NGX4O3, Sergt. C. O. T. Hancock, HQ Unit; Newcastle, NSW.

Died of Illness NGX344, Lieut. W. J. McDonald, infantry; Ashgrove, Brisbane.

Died of Injuries Accidentally Received NGX4I7, Sergt. L. J. Higgins, HQ Unit; Yeerongpilly, Brisbane.

Missing. Believed Killed P 507. Pte. W. J. Hook, HQ Unit; Aitape, TNG.

"Bomb Happy"

PASTOR A. J. CAMPBELL, now back at his missionary work in New Guinea, writes: Someone wants to know what Pidgin might be for “bomb happy.” “Please” is the word generally used for “happy” or “glad,” though the latter word is often used in Pidgin. It could be expressed this way, I think, and the Pidgin be quite in order; “Please along bomb”; or “Glad along bomb.”

Major E. G. A. Lett, son of Mr. Lewis Lett, of Port Moresby, who was taken prisoner after distinguished service with an English regiment in the Middle East, has not been heard of since the Germans, last year, took over the prison camp in Italy in which he was held.

Mr. C. W. Kirke, now doing a job for the Americans in New Guinea, reports that near him are men from the Bulolo Valley—“ Bill Cash, Ernest Bowden, Clarrie Momsen, McLean, of BGD., and many others.”

The Revs, Susie Rankin and Alan Bottoms. of the London Missionary Society, have returned to their mission stations in Papua. 1

Pacific Islands Monthly August, 1?44

Useful Addresses

The following are the addresses of organisations set up to deal with Pacific Territories affairs:— PAPUA, NEW GUINEA, NAURU, NORFOLK IS.

Department of External Territories (Sydney Branch) (Lately the New Guinea Trade Agency), Australia House, Carrington Street, Sydney.

Telephone: BW 1776. (Dealing with all matters connected with the Australian Pacific Territories and also the Sydney representative of the New Guinea Copra Control Committee.)

Fiji, And High Commission

For Western Pacific

Sydney Office of Fiji and Associated Administrations. (In charge of Mr. B. F. Blackwell.) 72 Pitt Street, Sydney.

Telephone: BW 7724.

British Solomon Islands

Sydney Office of British Solomon Islands Government (In charge of Mr. F. E. Johnson, Treasurer of the Solomons Administration), 17 Castlereagh Street, Sydney.

Telephone: B 1710.

For Pacific Territories

Evacuees Generally

Pacific Territories Association (C. A. M. Adelskold, Secretary), c/o Robert Gillespie Pty., Ltd., B4a Pitt Street, Sydney. Telephone: BW 4782.

War Damage Commission

Sydney Office: M.L.C. Buidling, Cnr. Martin Place and Castlereagh Street, Sydney.

Telephone: BW 2361.

For Claims Against Army

Mr. H. Alderman, Darwin-Moresby Claims Section, Chief Finance Office (Army), Victoria Barracks, Melbourne. % v Vft 4 r '~\ n<% “ *- C £ y ® . . ce nW« °' , ne a« e ° l (( , r o^ *• T»«» ifaW«“ Ca b\e. r daV- >l' Contents Pacific News-Review 1 Editorial: How America Will Police the Pacific 3 Pacific Publications, Ltd. —New Company to Operate in Fiji 4 “Charley” Blake Wins the Military Medal 5 Death of Arthur Jewell, of Papua 5 Good-bye, Mr. To jo! 6 Stanley Greenland Retires From Papuan Service 7 Free Grant of £90,800 for Western Pacific .... 7 Scholarship Fund for Fijians 8 Tropicalities 9 ANGAU Increases Grip on Papua . . 10 Road to Wau—Engineering Feat in Markham-Wampit Valleys .. .. 11 Reunion in New Guinea .. 12 Where Two Races Mingle Happily— The Cook Islands 15 The Solomon Islander Wants to be Sophisticated 17 Father Tremblay’s Jubilee 18 Sister Susies From Fiji 19 Psalm-singers go to Town—Joy of Living in the Cook Is 21 “Govern or Get Out”—An Authoritative Voice on ANGAU and Papua 22 Forgotten Vanua Levu—Development in Post-war Period 24 Evacuees and Australian Income Tax 28 Indentured Labour Again—Professor’s Attack 29 How War and the Americans Came to Tonga .... 30 The Cause, Prevention and Cure cf Filariasis 33 Tripping on the “Vai”—The Launch With the Reputation 36 Alice in Angauland 39 Men Who Made the Pacific—New Booklet Supplies Background 41 Papua’s Education System 43 Markets and Commercial 44 Honour Roll .. cov. ii, iii, and page 37 ADVERTISERS Atkins Pty., Ltd., Wm 34 AWA, Ltd 16 Australian Aluminium Co. Pty., Ltd .41 Baker Pty., Ltd., W. Jno 43 Broomfield, Ltd. . . 30 Brown & Co., Ltd., G 13 Brunton’s Flour . . 42 Burns, Philp Trust Co., Ltd 27 BP (SS) Co. . . . 13 Business Notice . . 39 Campbell’s Paints . 41 Carlton & United Breweries, Ltd. . 21 Carpenter, Ltd., W.

R cov. iv.

Chivers & Sons, Ltd 35 Coleman Lamp & Stove Co. ... 17 Cox, Findlayson & Co 15 “Cystex” 29 Darvas & Co. . . 35 David Trading Co., B 33 Donaghy & Sons, Ltd 42 Donald. Ltd., A. B. 25 Dr. Williams Pink Pills 30 Electrolux Refrigerators . . 20 Farbest Cordials . . 37 “Flavorex” .... 24 Foster, Clark, Ltd. 23 Garrett & Davidson 14 Gilbey’s Gin ... 24 Gillespie Pty., Ltd..

Robert . . . 31-37 Gillespie’s Flour . . 36 Grand Pacific Hotel 2 Gough & Co., E.

J 25 Grove & Sons, W.

H 12 Heinz & Co. Pty., Ltd., H. J. . . . 22 King’s Compo . . 38 Kopsen & Co., Ltd. 32 Maxwell Porter, Ltd. 28 “Mendaco” .... 38 Muir (Eastern) Export Co., Charles 43 Nelson & Robertson Pty., Ltd 39 “Nixoderm” .... 28 Pacific Islands Souvenirs . . 24, 39 Pacific Is. Society . 13 Pacific Territories Association . . . t “Pinkettes” ... 40 Queensland Insurance Co 17 Radco Food Products 33 “Radiant” Lanterns 29 Riverstone Meat Co., Ltd 19 Rose’s Eye Lotion . 43 Rohu, Sil . . . .40 Scott, Ltd., J. . .30 Steamships Trading Co., Ltd 14 Sullivan & Co., C. . 26 Swallow & Ariell . 18 Taylor & Co., A. . 31 “Tenax” Soap . . 12 Tillock & Co., Ltd. 36 Wright & Co. ... 39 Wright & Co., Ltd..

E 28 Wunderlich, Ltd. . 31 Young Pty., Ltd..

Harry. J 40 Yorkshire Insurance Co., Ltd. ... 15

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas [Registered at the G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper .] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups; Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Mandated Territory (NZ) of Western Samoa.

British Colony of Fiji.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British and Free French Condominium of New Hebrides.

Free French Colony of New Caledonia.

Free French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

TELEPHONE ( Mana gi n £ Director .. BW 5037 I Business and Editorial MA 4369 P.O. BOX 3408 R Registered Address of Telegrams, Radiograms, and Cables; “Pacpub”, Sydney.

CONTRIBUTIONS.

Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands subjects are invited and will be paid for on publication.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid, Pest Free 10/- Per Annum, elsewhere, Prepaid, Post Free 12/6 | Single Copies 1/.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON, F.R.G.S.

Advertising Manager: L, W. Bailey.

Advertising Office and Printing-House: 29 Alberta Street, Sydney.

Advertising rates furnished on application.

Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen 85.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this office by Ist of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

REPRESENTATIVE IN LONDON.

W. C. Harvey, Coronation House, 4 Lloyds Avenue, London, E.C.3, from whom may be obtained copies of Pacific Islands Monthly, Pacific Is. Year Book, advertising schedules, etc.

AGENTS.

The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for Pacific Islands Monthly;— Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., and Burns Phllp (South Sea) Co., Ltd. All branches.

W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd, All branches.

Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd. All branches.

Steamships Trading Co., Papua. All branches.

B.N.G. Trading Co., Ltd., Port Moresby, Papua.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji.

Miss R. Castles, Suva, Fiji.

N. C. Mackenzie Hunt, Walnunu, Bua, Fiji.

Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga, Cook la.

A. O' Rowland, Papeete, Tahiti.

Islands Branches and Representatives of W. H.

Grove & Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

Ed. Pentecost, Noumea, New Caledonia.

Kerr & Co., Noumea, New Caledonia.

Vol. XV. No. 1.

August 18, 1944 Pri ra t l/ " per Copyrrice I Prepaid: 10/- p.a.

How America Will Police the Pacific Clear Implications of President Roosevelt's Statement THE United States intends to police the Pacific Ocean for a considerable time after the end of this war; and expects that the United Nations will join in this task, “so that Central and South America will be as safe from attack from the South Pacific as North America is going to be from the North Pacific."

The statement made by President Roosevelt oh August 13 gives the American viewpoint very clearly. America wants the assistance and collaboration of the peoples of the British, British Dominions, French and Dutch people in the Pacific Territories.

But, whether she gets it or not, the United States is going to make herself responsible for the protection of both the Americas against any possible Asiatic aggression. And that involves the presence of the United States in the South Pacific, as well as the North Pacific.

Until 1942, the Stars and Stripes waved over only one small South Pacific Territory-Eastern Samoa. After 1945 (when Japan probably will collapse) American control over other islands south of the equator may be expected for many years, as part of the defence set-up.

The Americans do not seek territorial aggrandisement, but they do want places which they can use as bases. They probably will be allowed to take over certam isiands south of the equator, from the British and French, which can supply naval and airways facilities, but which have little economic value—islands like Pago-Pago Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand could make a score of such islands available to the Americans, without being a shilling the poorer. nno understand the American viewpoint, X it is necessary to quote the cognate paragraphs of the President’s statement. He had explained the importance of the Alaska-Aleutians-Siberia line in developing trade between North America and Asia and Russia; and he went on: “We understand at last the importance of the Hawaiian Islands. It is important that we have other bases, forward bases, nearer to Japan than Hawaii.

“The same thing is true of the defence of all the American Republics from Mexico past the Panama Canal and all the way down to Chile.

“There are hundreds of islands in the South Pacific, which bear the same relation to South America and the Panama Canal as Hawaii bears to North America.

“These islands are the possessions of the British Empire and the French. They are important commercially just as they are for defence, for they lead to New Zealand, Australia, the Dutch Indies, and the Southern Philippines.

“The self-interests of our Allies will be affected by fair and friendly collaboration with us.

“They will gain in national security.

They will gain economically. The destinies of the peoples of the whole Pacific will for many years be entwined with our own destiny.

“It is an unfortunate fact that years of proof must pass before we can trust Japan and before we can classify Japan as a member of the society of nations which seek permanent peace and whose word we can take.

“In removing the future menace of Japan to us and to our continent, we are holding out the hope that other people in the Far East can be set free of the same threat.

“The people of the Philippines never have wished and never will wish to be slaves to Japan, and the same thing is true of the peoples of Korea—that ancient kingdom over-run by the Japanese half a century ago—the peoples ol Manchuria and all the rest of China.

“The same thing is true of the peoples of Indo-China, Siam, Java, and even the most primitive peoples of New Guinea and of the so-called mandated islands (Marshalls, Carolines and Marianas) out of which we are in splendid process, of throwing the Japanese.”

THE casual observer, looking at a map of the wide Pacific, may say; “But why should the Yanks want bases all over the place, and especially in the South Pacific? It is 7,000 miles across the Pacific, from the coast of Asia to the coast of the Americas—surely that is protection enough!”

Planes can cross the Pacific to-day in 35 hours. The appearance of the flyingbomb has altered all conceptions of international defence.

The Pacific Islands stretch half-way across the Pacific, from the eastern coasts of Asia and Australia to the archipelagoes of Hawaii and French Oceania. Between Hawaii and French Oceania, and the American coasts, there are 2,200 to 3,000 miles of empty blue water. But an enemy could advance from the Asiatic mainland, across all those islands, to within 2,000- 3,000 miles of the Americas; and that would be near enough to attack by air and flying-bomb.

Seen in the light of these facts and their implications, the determination of the United States to police the Pacific Islands—preferably with United Nations’ sympathy and co-operation—can be understood and appreciated.

THOSE who are responsible for the administration of the South Pacific Islands (British, French, Australians, New Zealanders and—although they are so far west as to be almost out of the picture—the Dutch) should now begin to adjust their somewhat unimaginative political minds to the new set-up outlined by President Roosevelt.

It is coming, whether we like it or not.

They would be wise to like it. The Americans are going to remain in the South Pacific for a long, long time.

After all, the Americans saved the •South Pacific Territories from the Japs.

Next to the British, there are no people whom we would rather see in these Pacific Territories.

Association with the Americans, in the way indicated, will assist the British commercially (.definitely) and culturally (probably), and it will not weaken the ties between Britain and her Colonies and Dominions; and it will be of great benefit to the French Colonies.

WHAT form is this American-United Nations collaboration in the Pacific Territories likely to take? In the opinion of this writer, this is what will happen; The United States will retain control of the Marshall, Caroline and Manana Islands, and establish bases there for purposes of defence. The Philippines, having been freed from the Japs, will soon be given complete independence; but United States probably will retain defensive bases there —and perhaps one or two in British Malaya and in the Netherlands Indies. These bases, with American ownership of Hawaii and the Aleutians, will give the United States complete control over the North Pacific.

There may be a North Pacific Regional Council to deal with necessary adjustments affecting commerce, transport, air and radio communications, and political relationships generally between the various countries and Territories.

SOUTH of the equator, the United States will seek naval and air defensive bases at several points between the Marquesas, in the extreme east, and New Guinea and the Netherlands Indies, in the west.

There almost certainly will be a South Pacific Regional Council, to non out differences and difficulties between the British, Australian, French, New Zealand, Dutch and United States territorial administrations —any other system would lead to bad feeling and confusion.

There will be administrative changes in several of the South Pacific Territories, Generally, however, they will retain their present national affiliations; but they will all be subject, in some degree, to the co-ordinating authority of a South Pacific Regional Council.

The accidental death of M. Maurice Schweb, a former member of the d’Argenlieu “Cabinet Civil” in Noumea, has been announced in London. He spoke English well, but with an American accent, having lived a long time in the USA. His wartime duties took him to Australia, and in January, 1942, High Commissioner d’Argenlieu sent him to America on a trade mission to purchase wartime requirements. Later, he was attached to the Free French headquarters in England.

Mr. W. W. Bolton, well-known British resident of Tahiti, celebrated his 86th birthday in June by a coastal hike of about 40 miles. Needless to say, his health is excellent.

The Rev. Dennis Taylor, of the New Guinea Anglican Mission, recently came to Brisbane for medical advice. Arrangements are now being made for his return to Papua.

A son has been bom to Flight-Lieutenant and Mrs. Tim Nicholls, at Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia. Flight-Lieutenant Nicholls is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Warne Nicholls, of Sigatoka, Fiji, and was one of the Fiji RAF contingent who did their training in Rhodesia.

Pacific Publications Ltd.

New Company to Operate in Fiji IN order to handle more efficiently the overseas distribution of the Pacific Islands Year 800k —now established throughout the world as the standard reference book on the Pacific Islands —a company called Pacific Publications (Fiji) Ltd. has been registered in Suva. For the present, it will share the offices of W. H.

Grove & Sons (Fiji) Ltd., in the Bank of New South Wales Building, Suva. The directors of the new company are Mr. R.

W. Robson (managing director of Pacific Publications Pty., Ltd., Sydney), Mr. J. B.

Grove (Auckland) and Miss M. S. Bridges (Sydney).

Pacific Publications Pty., Ltd., of Sydney, will, as heretofore, handle the distribution of the “Pacific Islands Monthly” and the Pacific Islands Year Book, in Australia; while the Fiji company will be responsible for Fiji distribution of the publications. The Suva office also will take care of Year Book oversea distribution arrangements generally.

Pacific Islands Year Book

The publication rights of the Pacific Islands Year Book, for North and South America, have been sold to the MacMillan Company, of New York. It will be published, on September 26, as “The Pacific Islands Handbook,” for distribution in North and South America only.

The 1944 edition of the Pacific Islands Year Book was published in June by Pacific Publications (Fiji), Ltd., and is being distributed by both the Sydney and Suva companies. The demand for the book is far in excess of the supplies coming forward, which are limited by the wartime shortage of manpower and materials in the workrooms of the bookbinders. The publishers regret the delay being caused by these and transportation difficulties in fulfilling orders for the book; but every effort is being made to hasten production.

War Damage In

N. GUINEA Property of Lucky Morobe Owners is “Scorched"

SIX weeks have passed since the chairman and other members of the Australian War Damage Commission returned from New Guinea, after an inspection of the Bulolo Valley and some parts of the North Coast.

We have applied to the Commission for a statement which might give to the patient and long-suffering Territorians some indication of the conclusions reached by the tourists, more especially in relation to the reinstatement of civilians on the goldfields; but we are informed that investigations are not yet complete.

The chairman (Mr. Coles) told newspapers on July 4 that the “scorched earth” policy had been applied to the whole of the Wau and Bulolo areas (which apparently means that owners of all damaged property there will get compensation); but, while losses had been less than he had anticipated, it would take a considerable time to restore equipment. Township properties in Madang and elsewhere on the North Coast were a total loss.

The Commission appears to have reported to the Federal Treasurer (Mr.

Chifley) concerning “the reinstatement of civilians.”

The first wedding to take place in the Convent Chapel at Vatukoula, Fiji, was performed by Rev. Father Verlingue, on June 24, when Miss Peggy Florence Whittle, second daughter of Mr. J.

Whittle, of Loloma, was married to Walter John Mayger, of Perth, Western Australia.

Mr. Minchin Rudd, well known before his retirement as the assistant manager of the Union Steam Ship Company in Auckland, NZ, and formerly manager in Suva, Fiji, died in Auckland in July.

Armstrong, in “The Argus," Melbourne, indicates an easy and timely change in the name of the beach-head. 4 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

"Charley" Blake

How He Won the Military Medal SEVERAL months ago, the Military Medal was awarded to Warrant- Officer Charles W. Blake (since promoted to Lieutenant) for exceptional bravery and devotion to duty “Charley”

Blake spent a brief leave recently in Sydney, but kept the award a secret. He was a well-known miner on the Bulolo goldfield, in New Guinea, before the Jap invasion.

The citation, relating to the award, was as follows: “W/O Blake was a member of the ANGAU team under command of Captain J. S. McLeod, which took part in the landing at Arawe, on January 5, 1944.

Under his guidance, a company of the proceeded to Umtingalu village, at the rear of the enemy. Due to excellent timing, following the bombardment. the village was occupied with only slight enemy resistance.

“Later, an Allied barge patrol was ambushed by 10 Jap barges. W/O Blake saved the lives of the members by encouraging a native guide, under fire, to find a passage through the sago swamp, when the only alternative appeared to be a dash through heavy fire across the reef. He also assisted in the evacuation of 300 natives from the villages of Meselia and Umtingalu, both Jap-occupied at the time. This was only a quarter-hour’s walk from the enemy concentrations, and under overhanging cliffs, from which the party on the barges could have been annihilated had not the enemy been completely surprised by the manoeuvre.

“W/O Blake was also the subject of separate commendation by the Commanding Officer, US Forces, at Arawe. for his action in leading a dangerous patrol to capture prisoners for intelligence information, a venture which was accomplished with complete success.

“W/O Blake’s individual bravery and devotion to duty has been a source of inspiration to the natives under his command, and his above activities have in no small degree contributed to the success of operations in the Arawe area.”

Tahitians Killed In

ACTION THE deaths in action of the following members of the Pacific Battalion were announced in Tahiti in June: Hepo, Hute; Drollet. Robert; Teuira, Atera; Manea, Noho; Tetoea, John Tama.

Mr. Julian Bucknell has been appointed a member of the Lautoka (Fiji) Town Board.

A Suva boy who has recently received a commission in the RAF is Pilot-Officer Victor Jackson. He is the son of Mrs.

Cockburn, of Suva.

Mrs. J. Costello recently returned to Fiji from a holiday spent in Australia.

Mr. A. Rourke, manager of the CSR Co.. Ltd., at Ba. Fiji, and Mrs. Rourke recently recently from a visit to Australia.

The Control Of

PAPUA Federal Government Sub-committee THE editor of the “PIM” wrote in July to the Secretary of the Department of External Affairs, and asked if it was possible to indicate when Civil Administration would be restored in Papua.

Mr. Halligan replied, courteously and promptly, that the position had not changed since his Minister issued the following statement on June 1: “The Ministerial Sub-committee which was appointed by Cabinet to deal with civil affairs in relation to the Territories of Papua and New Guinea and to consider plans for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of these Territories met in Canberra on June 1.

“The Minister for External Territories (Mr.

Ward) presented a report upon his recent visit to the Territories and preliminary consideration was given to a number of matters affecting the future of the Territories and the question of the re-introduction of Civil Administration.

“The sub-committee formed the opinion that the time is not yet opportune for the re-establishment of Civil Administration in any part of Papua or New Guinea: but the matter will be kept constantly under review by the committee, which will meet again when Full Cabinet holds its next series of meetings.”

The Cabinet sub-committee consists of the Minister for the Army (Mr. Forde), the Attorney-General (Dr. Evatt), the Treasurer (Mr. Chifley) and the Territories Minister (Mr. Ward).

The Prime Minister, on February 22, said that that sub-committee would “deal with all matters of civil administration” in both Territories, and that a Lieut.-Colonel Conlon should provide liaison between Army and Territories Departments. via sub-committee and Minister Ward.

For extent of liaison, co-operation and control, see article on page 10.

All Imports Through NZ Middlemen Anomalous Position in W. Samoa Prom Our Own Correspondent APIA, July 7. rPORT control in Western Samoa has created the anomalous position that Australian, Canadian, British and American goods, which Apia importers have always imported direct from the producing countries, can now be obtained only through New Zealand agents and middlemen. An appreciable increase in the prices of such commodities has resulted.

As there is no saving of shipping space involved, it is hard to understand the reason for these restrictions. Australia and the United States are the greatest sufferers and their trade with Samoa has been curtailed severely.

There is a mild shortage of flour and rice supplies and emergency supplies of these commodities had to be ordered from New Zealand. Bread deliveries have been limited to Europeans, and rice has been reserved for native labourers and Chinese.

Following representations to the authorities, by Samoans, the purchase rates for native-grown copra have been increased from 9/- per 100 lb. to 10/9 per 100 lb.—with correspondingly lower rates for country districts. Samoans have also asked the Adminstration to flx higher rates for native-grown cocoa beans.

Native foodstuffs—bananas, taro and yams, etc—are still in very short supply on the Apia market, though the breadfruit season has somewhat relieved the shortage lately.

Death of Arthur Jewell One of Papua's Best-known Residents fTIHERE passed on, on July 13, at his X temporary home in Sydney, yet another well-known resident of Australia’s Pacific Territories—Arthur Jewell, of Papua. After months of serious illness, due to heart trouble—aggravated doubtless, by evacuation to the colder climate of Sydney and the many war worries of evacuees generally—his death was not altogether unexpected.

At the funeral service was gathered the biggest congregation of Territorians seen in Sydney for many a day, paying tribute to a genuine Territorian, one whose life’s work and whole interest were centred in the country he adopted as his own. His mourners included representatives of every interest and every walk of life: Mr Leonard Murray, former Administrator of Papua, representatives of the Civil Administration, the main trading concerns. the Papua Club, of which he was a foundation member, the Pacific Territories Association, of which he was a keen supporter, and most of the old families of both Papua and New Guinea.

Arthur Jewell leaves a widow, herself a resident of Papua of many years’ standing, and whose interests are as deeprooted in the Territory as were those of her husband.

Born in Kent, England. 65 years ago, Arthur Jewell went to Papua over 40 years ago as secretary to Sir George Le Hunt. Some few years later he became associated with planting interests and to nlanting he devoted the rest of his life For many years, up to his death, he was general manager of Anglo-Papuan Plantations, Ltd., an English companv with rubber and coconut plantations in the Territory. For a long time he had been interested in public affairs in Papua, having been a non-official member of the Legislative Council and the first non-official member of the Executive Council which positions he held until the suspension of civil administration in 1942.

In the words of an old friend, uttered a few weeks before his death: “A good chan. Jewell, a simple, straightforward gentleman—one I always looked forward to meeting and remembered with pleasure after leaving.”

A better epitaph have few men.

Chief Justice Of Fiji To

RETIRE rwas announced in Suva, Fiji, early in July, that the Chief Justice of Fiji, Sir Owen Corrie, having reached the retiring age for the Colonial Judicial Service, will shortly retire. He expects to leave the Colony in October.

Award For Extraordinary

HEROISM AN honour that has passed unnoticed was made about 18 months ago.

Lieutenant W. J. Read. RANVR, formerly an Assistant District Officer in New Guinea, was awarded the American Distinguished Service Cross, at the same time as Lieutenant Paul Mason.

The citation was for “extraordinary heroism in action,” and the award was made while Lieutenant Read was in Bougainville.

“Charley” Blake, taken on his mining property in the Bulolo Valley, in 1939. 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

Non-Indentured

Papuan Labour

A Territorial! Clarifies the Position IT does not seem to have occurred to those who have recently been disputing the relative merits of indentured and so-called “free” labour, that from the inception of the Native Labour Ordinance of Papua, in 1911, there has always been provision made for nonindentured labour.

Part II of this native labour ordinance is devoted to “free” labour, and was framed for the benefit of local labour and provided that, so long as certain limitations of distance from the home village were observed, both male and female natives could be employed, lifelong. without indenture.

In the indenture portion of the ordinance, there is a section which again provides for non-indenture. Any male native who belongs to a settled labour district is permitted to be employed in any other settled labour district, for a period not exceeding 12 months; the terms and nature of the employment being without official cognisance. When that period has, or has not, expired, the native, as a “casual,” receives his dues and can go for a spell, anywhere he likes and for any period. Then he can again be employed at the same place, still as a “casual,” for as many “12 months” as he chooses.

These two forms of non-indenture, which really are interlocked, were availed of to an important extent —probably to about half of the number of indentured labour.

THE majority of natives prefer indenture. They feel that thev know where they stand, and that they have the Government as a protector.

Indenture is a legal safeguard both for emplover and employee, and generally it is availed of when the villages of the latter are far distant from the places of pmnlovment. There is. at the same time, however, nothing to prevent any native from paving his own sea-passage to nlaces of work and then offering himself as a “casual”; or even to enter into an indenture. Quite a number have done this, taking the risk whether or not pmnlovwpnt. will be open to them. But preferably they accent the role of recruits in their viilacres. when they know that not onlv will their return sea-passage be paid, but that they are assured of employment.

Consecration Of New

Bishop Of Fiji

THE Right Rev. Victor Foley was consecrated as Vicar Apostolic of Fiji on August 6. The consecrating prelate was the Rieht Rev. Joseph Darnand, Vicar Apostolic of Samoa.

The Vicar Apostolic of the Northern Solomons, the Right Rev. Thomas Wade, and the Vicar, Apostolic of New Caledonia, the Right Rev. Edward Bresson, also took part in the ceremony.

Miss L. Lawrence, of the Methodist Mission, at Dilkusha, Fiji, arrived in Melbourne on July 25. The Mission Board expressed its appreciation of the service given by Miss Lawrence.

Dr. Stephenson, of the Fiji Methodist Mission, who is at present on furlough in New Zealand, will be in charge of the Whangarei Church.

Good-Bye, Mr. Tojo!

Why a Gentleman Who Had Lost Face Went Into the Discard

By R. W. Robson

AS I see it, the dismissal of To jo and Company can be explained simply enough. I will admit, however, that international events now are moving with such rapidity that, by the time this is published, the whole set-up may have changed, and the following explanation may be unnecessary.

Within four months after Pearl Harbour, Japanese expeditions had occupied fifteen Territories, to which they had been allotted in the Japanese Master-Plan; "and Radio Tokio was shouting gleefully that the Co- Prosperity Sphere was in being, and that Japan already was suprerrie mistress of South-east Asia, Indonesia and the Western Pacific, and soon would be ruler of the world. In that period, 2i years ago, I expressed these opinions: • The Japanese had defied the fundamental rules of war by spreading themselves out over such a wide area; and long lines of vital communications were exposed to attack. • It was evidently the belief of Tokio that Germany and Italy could hold all Britain’s strength and part of America’s strength, while Japan dug herself in in her new Empire; and that the task of overcoming and occupying hundreds of fortified islands would break the hearts of the remaining Americans, and induce them to seek peace, long before they reached the latitude of Tokio.

This was the plan of the Tokio warlords—and especially of General Tojo, the cunning soldier-politician of the Kwantung Army, and of Admiral Yamamoto, head of the Japanese Navy. I said, early in 1942, and repeated it many times afterwards, “Air-power is the thing that Mr. Tojo forgot.”

AND so it proved. Air-power broke Germany; air-power struck at the vital communications of the Jap defensive organisation, and exposed the fatal weaknesses of the Tojo- Yamamoto plan; by the end of 1942. air-power had forced the Japanese upon the defensive.

Yamamoto, early in the piece, realised that Japan would herself be strangled in the trap she had devised for the embarrassment of her enemies; and so Yamamoto, like a good Son of. Heaven, exterminated himself. Tokio reported that he had been killed while directing operations from a plane in the Solomon Islands.

If so, it was a singular coincidence that Yamamoto should have died just when it became plain to everyone, as the outcome of Guadalcanal, that the Yamamoto strategy would bring about Japan’s defeat.

Tokio spent all of 1943 floundering about, and hoping for a miracle. The growth of Allied air-power, the success of our North African campaign, the strength of the United States industrial potential, and the terrifying character and size of the forces being built up by America—these things must have been noted and appraised in Tokio; but Tokio still hoped that Hitler somehow would contrive to pull, a rabbit out of his hat.

Tokio thought that Germany might defeat Russia; and, when the Germans began the long, disastrous retreat from Stalingrad, Tokio still gambled on Hitler’s secret weapon.

Von Ribbentrop (who seems to have had a singular faculty for mesmerising Japanese) probably convinced Tokio’s representative, late in 1943, that Germany’s flying-bomb would destroy Britain and cripple American plans; but, just when the flying-bomb plan was full of promise, the RAF found the home of the new secret weapon, at Peenemunde, near the Baltic coast, and blew it to pieces.

It may be that that achievement altered the course of the war. The flying-bomb attack was disrupted, and could not be re-organised and launched until after the British and Americans had landed in France— too late to interfere with the Western invasion, and too late to avert the complete defeat of Germany.

Too late, also, to assist Mr. To jo in the delicate task of keeping his face on.

ACTUALLY, Tokio spent all of 1943 and some of 1944 in trying to save face—in desperately seeking a way out of the jam caused by the failure of the Jap Air Force and the impending collapse of Germany.

As long ago as June, 1943, I argued publicly that Mr. To jo of Tokio had only two courses open to him: He must either send out his fleet, in an attempt to regain control of the (Continued on Page 42) Loss of Face.

Cartoonist Armstrong’s comment in “The Argus,” on the disappearance of Mr. Tojo from the Government of Japan. 6 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Notice of Meeting

Pacific Territories

ASSOCIATION A Quarterly General Meeting of members will be held in the Teachers' Federation Hall, 7th Floor, 166 Phillip Street, Sydney, on Tuesday, 26th September, 1944, at 8 p.m.

Business : (1) To receive a report of the Executive on activities to date. (2) To consider a resolution, copy of which has been forwarded to members, resubmitted from the General Meeting of 27th June, 1944.

C. A. M. ADELSKOLD, Secretary.

Stanley Greenland Retires

From Papuan Service

FOR Papuan residents, the evacuation period has been distinguished by the number of their high-ranking Government servants who have reached retirement. Latest to join the ranks of the retired is Mr. Stanley Greenland, who gave 30 years of service to the Territory, and who remained throughout, popular with white and brown residents.

He was appointed to the service in 1912, to serve under the then Government Secretary, the Hon. A. M. Campbell, who was reputed the strictest disciplinarian the Papuan service has ever known. With Mr. Campbell, he travelled on tours of inspection as his secretary and general factotum, and under his tutelage learned his Papuan official alphabet.

Later, Mr. Greenland was Magistrate at loma, on the old German-British border and at Yule Island. In 1917 he was appointed to the Department of Native Affairs, Port Moresby, and until his recent retirement held administrative rank in that Department—as inspector, travelling inspector, chief inspector, acting commissioner, etc. But interspersed between these positions, and under the direction of Sir Hubert Murray, he functioned variously as Curator of Intestate Estates, Registrar-General, member of the Land Board, Papuan Government Agent in Sydney, and OC Headquarters Armed Native Constabulary. He was also a commissioned officer in the force now known as the Royal Papuan Constabulary.

Mr. Greenwood, who insists that the Papuan service is only second to the Navy in traditional silence, could be persuaded to say only two things regarding his retirement: That far too much was heard about the old men of Papua these days, and far too little about the gallant women of the country; and that he had little claim to distinction other than being the uncle and god-father of that young naval officer, Lieut. R. T. G.

Greenland, who has made history as the commander of the “Human Torpedoes.”

In Mr. Greenland’s opinion, Lieut.

Greenland was able to achieve more for his country in a brief half-hour than he himself did in 30 years of life in Papua. This opinion will hardly be endorsed by those who knew Mr. Greenland of the Papuan service for three decades. Papua will be the poorer, when civil administration is resumed, for the loss of well-tried officers of his calibre, who learned to know Papua in her teething stage, and in spite of her continued temperamental cussedness, grew a deep and abiding love for the land.

French Hearts Beat

HIGH Celebration in Tahiti From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, July 14.

HERE, on June 18, the people of this French Colony celebrated the fourth anniversary of that day in 1940 when General de Gaulle, having repudiated the surrender of the Bordeaux Government, and escaped to Great Britain, called upon Free Frenchmen everywhere to continue the fight beside Britain against the Germans. There was a review of troops, and wreaths were laid upon the Soldiers’

Memorial.

The proceedings were marked by restraint and dignity. Only 10 days before, we had learned of the successful landing of the Allies in Normandy; but the people’s joy in witnessing at last the beginning of the liberation of France, was tempered by memories of four years of horror and sacrifice.

There is no doubt about the place that de Gaulle holds in the hearts of these French people. To them, he is the expression of the will of Fighting France—the France that shall not die. France has surprised the world many times in the past, by her quick and full recovery from disaster. This virile and enlightened nation will surprise the world again.

Our Governor, Colonel Georges Orselli, has returned from his mission to Algiers.

He brings news that is good and inspiring.

We learn, with pleasure and pride, that our Pacific Battalion, having taken a glorious part in the advance on Rome, was given the place of honour at the head of the French forces, as the Allied armies marched into the Eternal City, after it had been abandoned by the defeated enemy.

Lloyd Pursehouse Killed

CAPTAIN Lloyd Pursehouse, who was a patrol officer in the New Guinea Administration, was killed in action soon after the Australian 9th Division landed in Lae. He carried out important duties in the Finschhaven district after the Jap invasion; subsequently got clear away to Australia; returned with the AIF; and apparently was killed by a stray Jap when out in the jungle near Finschhaven on special work.

Growth Of S. Pacific

INSURANCE THE Southern Pacific Insurance Company, Ltd., established very modestly by W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd., in the middle thirties, has just issued its ninth annual balance sheet. After providing £3,500 for taxation, and £1,500 for investment fluctuation reserve, there is a net profit of £7,075. The subscribed capital of the company is £62,500. The gross premium income increased, in the year under review, from £108,986 to £135,528.

The company’s turnover and profits, year by year, have shown astonishing growth— a demonstration of the value of this type of business, especially when it is connected with a large trading organisation.

Free Grant Of

£90,800 Fiji and Western Pacific Benefit UNDER the Colonial Development and Welfare Act (which was passed by the British Parliament in 1940 i £90,800 was granted to the Western Pacific during the period April, 1943- March, 1944. This money is a free grant from the Imperial Government.

Of the total, £25,800 is to be used for a tuberculosis survey in Fiji -and the Western Pacific High Commission Territories of Solomon Islands Protectorate and Gilbert and Ellice Islands. It is believed that the necessity for determining the extent of this disease is urgent, and an expert will be obtained as soon as possible to make the preliminary survey of the effect of the disease in those islands.

The remaining £65,000 is to be spent on a scheme designed to prevent the introduction of the anopheles (or malariacarrying) mosquito' into 'Fiji; or, alternately, to prevent its establishing itself should it pass the quarantine barrier. A great deal of mosquito control work has already been carried out in Fiji.

Although anopheles mosquitoes—and malaria—are prevalent in the islands westward of Fiji they do not, exist in the Colony or any of the islands east of it.

Up to the outbreak of the Pacific war, quarantine measures were sufficient to ensure that the disease did not enter Fiji; but, due to the war and consequent speeding up of communications both by air and sea, and the movement of large bodies of troops in this area, something more was necessary. It has been decided that by eliminating mosquito-breeding places the Colony may be kept malariafree, and this grant is to be used for this purpose.

Through publicity campaigns, and by the work by the Agriculture and Public Health Departments, residents of Fiji have been made mosquito-conscious during the last couple of years. With the help of this grant the good work should now continue.

Mr. Stanley Greenland. 7 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

New Guinea Women'S

Club Of Sydney

ZOOMING New Guinea Women’s Women’s Club functions, to be held in the Feminist Club Rooms 77 King Street, Sydney, are as follows : Thursday, August 24: A bridge and games afternoon, commencing at 2 p.m.

Friday, September 29: A dance from 8 to 11 p.m.

Friday, October 30: A work night from 7 to 10 p.m.

Scholarship Fund For Fijians Morris Hedstrom to Provide £25,000 BEHIND the announcement that an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders of Morris Hedstrom, Ltd., will be held in Suva, on September 14, lies a story of interest to Fiji and Fijians.

At the end of the last financial year (June 30), the proprietors of Morris Hedstrom voted £5,000 (Fijian) towards some purpose connected with the war effort.

However, difficulty was experienced in finding a suitable purpose, and the Governor of Fiji (Sir Phillip Mitchell) was appealed to for advice. He suggested the establishment of a scholarship fund to assist members of the Fijian race to complete their education at some approved University.

It was estimated that the cost of such a scholarship would be £2OO per annum, and it was considered that it should have a three-years’ tenure. The capital necessary to do this would be £B,OOO and then the scholarship could be granted only once every three years.

As a scholarship given only once every three years would not produce the desired effect, the directors of the company have decided to recommend to the meeting of shareholders in September, that they approve of the provision of £25,000, which will produce sufficient revenue to provide a yearly scholarship with a tenure of three years—the extra £20,000 being provided from War Risk Reserve.

Discussing the proposed scholarship, Mr. H. M. Hedstrom, managing director of Morris Hedstrom, Ltd., said: “It seems appropriate to devote the scholarships primarily to residents of the Colony who are wholly or in part members of the Fijian race. The foundations of this company were laid many years before its incorporation and in those days the business of the company was in large measure supported by the Fijian people.

“From the point of view of the European population of this Colony and the business houses trading therein it is important that better educational facilities should be provided for the Fijians to enable them to hold their own in post* war years.”

Melanesian Mission visitors to Sydney have been Nursing Sister M. Williams and Miss M. Scrimgeour, MA, both of New Zealand, who have now left for the New Hebrides.

At St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, Suva. Fiji, on June 7, Miss Blanche Browne, youngest daughter of Mrs. C F Browne, Berry Road, Suva, married Mr.

Howard William Brown, of Mosman, NSW.

Queensland Cattle

TICKS Havoc Among N.

Caledonian Herds From Our Correspondent NOUMEA, June 11.

AN epizootic tick, of which this country has hitherto been free, is playing havoc with New Caledonian cattle on both sides of the island. This is creating a serious situation, since the cattle industry, after mining, is the Colony’s largest.

The chief of the Veterinary Service attributes the outbreak to the waiving of quarantine restrictions “when the Japanese were at our gates” and when the Allied Military Command was more- concerned with meeting the Nipponese attack than with the possibility of introducing dangerous parasites.

He believes that, undoubtedly, the tick was introduced by horses imported from Queensland. It will be recalled that prior to Guadalcanal, a regiment of US cavalry, mostly Texans, were mounted with horses imported from Australia. Incidentally, one of the transports bringing horses here was sunk by enemy action, and several hundred horses were lost.

The US remount depot was situated on the Ducos Peninsula, close to Noumea, and it was from this area that the tick outbreak began to spread among cattle.

In a recent lengthy statement, the chief veterinarian discusses symptoms caused by tick bites, and ways and means of destroying the ticks, which do most damage during the hot season.

DEATH OF MR. EMIL NOLLER, OF PAPUA ANOTHER old-time resident of Papua has died in exile. He is Mr. Emil Noller, whose death, at the age of 72, occurred in Brisbane on July 13.

His funeral at Toowong cemetery was attended by a representative gathering of residents of the Territory.

Emil Noller went to Port Moresby about 1906 as Government plumber, but soon after his arrival he left the service to set up in business for himself. He was one of the last to be evacuated in 1942 and while on his way out to catch a Catalina for “South” was chased back by a Jap plane.

He is survived by two daughters, one living in Sydney whose husband is believed to have been taken prisoner in Rabaul; and Mrs. Elsie Lampo, wife of Lieut. H. Lampo, of an Australian Intelligence unit in the north.

Fiji Casualties

rE following list of Fiji Military Force casualties was issued in Suva on July 7:

Killed In Action

Private Emori Cabenalevu.

Private Viliame Nailati.

Died Of Sickness

Private Tevita Burekama,

Seriously Wounded

Corporal Esala Tawake.

Corporal Luke Sailada.

Private Apisai Naika.

WOUNDED Corporal Josateki Naikaudra.

T/Corporal Jone Ravesoli.

Private Naibuka Revurevua.

Private Silivenusi Namata.

Private Akariva Saumaitoga.

Private Aporoso Mundunalagi.

Private Mesake Balauloa.

The Irrepressible

PARERS Damien on Guam FRESH laurels are coming the way of Damien Parer, who has been filming the recent fighting on Guam for Paramount News. Until he resigned last year, he was ace cameraman for the Australian Department of Information in the Middle East and New Guinea.

A recent despatch from Guam by the Melbourne “Herald” war correspondent, Denis Warner, says: “The Marines think of him as a sort of legendary figure the bullets cannot touch. Four of their own corps’ cameramen have been killed in the fighting here, but none took the same risks as Parer to get what he calls ‘the best action pictures I have taken this war.’

“In the final fight for Orote airstrip, where Japanese resistance was easily the fiercest of the campaign, Parer preceded the infantry, following the tanks on foot.

He was not injured, but many infantrymen, sheltering in fox-holes behind him, were killed and wounded by machinegun bullets and mortars, Parer came back to press headquarters that night exhausted, but the happy possessor of remarkably close action pictures.”

Fiji's Director of Agriculture Retires ATTENDING a round of farewell parties in Suva, Fiji, in mid-July, were Dr. and Mrs. H. W. Jack. Dr.

Jack, who is Director of Agriculture in the Colony, is soon to retire and he and his wife intend to return to the United Kingdom.

They arrived in Fiji in 1934 and besides his ordinary duties, Dr. Jack has on various occasions been chairman of the Suva School Committee and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Fiji Museum. At the beginning of World War 11, he was Price Controller for the Colony.

Vice-Regal Party In

W. SAMOA Prom Our Own Correspondent APIA, July 7.

DURING the last week of June the Governor-General of New Zealand, Sir Cyril Newall, accompanied by Lady Newall, their children and party paid an official visit to the Territory.

The Vice-Regal party received a very cordial welcome from the Samoan population. A great Taalolo and King’s Kava was given in their honour on June 24, and an interesting performance of the Government school children at Malifa, and a reception at Vailima was held the same day.

The party also visited Government institutions and the island of Sayaii, where a Taalolo was attended and a dance given by the Seiaute Club on Wednesday, June 28.

Flight-Sergeant Lan Innes

FLIGHT-SERGEANT lan Russell Innes, aged 22, is missing. He was co-pilot and navigator of a Halifax bomber which did not return from a raid over Laon, France, on June 25.

He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Innes, well-known residents of Salamaua, New Guinea. He was in the RAAF and was transferred to the RAF, with a number of other lads, for special duty, after they had trained in Canada. 8 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

TROPICALITIES THE fame of the American Seabees (naval construction battalion) is as great in the Gilberts as in the Solomons, says Mr. Harold Cooper, back in Suva, Fiji, at the beginning of July, after a tour of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

It was the Seabees who cleaned up the mess on Betio (Tarawa) and converted it, within a few days, into a ready-foruse American base. Betio to-day is so shorn of its coconuts as to be little more than a flat coral platform.

Lunching with some American officers, one day, Mr. Cooper said they complained bitterly of the monotonous flatness of the atoll upon which Fate and the Army had seen fit to cast them. "Hell,” was the comment of one bored officer, "why don’t we get the Seabees to build us a mountain?” ♦ ONE of the less lethal and more useful inventions of the 20th century is the zip-fastener. But on occasion even a zip-fastener can cause a lot of trouble.

A story, going the rounds in Suva, tells how a young officer, well-known in Fiji,' salvaged an American jungle hammock.

He was very proud of the contraption, and carried it with him through the jungle and over difficult country, until it was time to camp for the night. He selected two suitable trees, fixed all the pulleys and other gadgets on the hammock, prepared to retire for the night, and then zippered himself in.

Later that night, when all was still, some Sons of Heaven began a grenade attack nearby. Our hero’s reactions to the sudden noise were violent —so violent that the zip fastener became locked tight and refused to unzip. There was the soldier, done up as efficiently as an Indian papoose or a cocoon stuck to a twig; and there were the Nips. He swung furiously for what seemed to him to be a very long time, and in what he felt was far too exposed a position; and, eventually, one of the trees supporting the hammock, could stand the strain no longer. The tree broke and the officer landed with a thump on the ground, still done up in his Yankee hammock.

History does not tell of subsequent proceedings; it merely records that he there and then promised blasphemously that he would forego modem inventions and seek sleep, for the duration, on good Mother Earth. * rE hotel in Madang stood on a slight rise and was a landmark, insomuch as it was a quaint old building, with its small upper-storey windows, more suited to life in the mountains of Bavaria, perhaps, than to life in tropical Madang.

It was German-built, and the Germans then did not go for the open-air type of bungalow built by the British, who came after. The German concession to tropical heat was the cool, tiled floor of the hotel.

Territorians will fail, perhaps, to recognise the Madang hotel, past or present, in the following description of it by A.

I. Murray, in the Melbourne "Herald,” but it will* interest them to know the old hotel’s fate: "The Grand Hotel, which overlooked the splendid panorama of the harbour, and was once thronged with tourists and plantation owners, is now razed to its concrete foundations. The hotel had been converted ihto Japanese Headquarters, and the area surrounding it is a mass of fox-holes, pill-boxes and dugouts—dugouts 30 feet deep, constructed pf two layers of tree trunks, 15 inches m diameter, criss-crossed below huge rocks of sturdy coral.” rRRITORIANS, taking them by and large, take a poor view of anthropologists—sometimes dismissing them as interfering theorists. The Territorian cannot always be right; but, as a tribe, he will be pleased to note that a new use for devotees of this branch of science has been found in the United States.

Latest advice from that quarter states that Harvard University’s anthropologist, Dr. Ernest A. Hooton, is hard at work at Boston’s north railway station, taking measurements of the American sitter, using a grim-looking contrivance like a dentist’s chair, and determining hip breadth, back height and shoulder width, so that the post-war United States railway seat will be more comfortable. * AFTER a Japanese garrison on one of the Nissan Islands (200 miles east of Rabaul) was recently wiped out, Private A. E. Travers, of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, discovered three keys and a medal attached to an enemy wireless set.

This silver medal, shaped like a Maltese Cross, was inscribed, "Five Miles Ordinary Championship, C. R. Wilson. 1892.

New Zealand Cycling Alliance.” Numerous inquiries were made and eventually it was discovered to be the property of Mr. G. L. Wilson, of Nambour, Queensland, formerly manager of Asalingi Plantation, 35 miles from Rabaul, New Britain.

Mr. Wilson came to Brisbane with his wife and two sons, on furlough, in November, 1941, and during his absence, the Japanese over-ran New Britain, and prevented his return. All of his personal belongings were in his home on the plantation, the medal among them. Mr. John Stokie (whose exploits against the Japanese and whose rescue, with some American airmen, were featured in the press last year) informed him that the house had been looted by natives.

Mr. Wilson says that the medal was given to him by his father, in 1909. and, at present, it is in the possession of his aunt, in Christchurch, NZ. who is forwarding it to him. The ordinary championship referred to, on the medal, was won on a bicycle commonly known as a "penny-farthing.”—R. E. FEREDAY.

SHADES of Boram and the old "Bloodhouse” and all that went with it!

How memories are revived by that article in May "PIM”! I remember when I came out of hospital there, and food could not be varied, however one tried; and how I coaxed some of the owner’s (Tom Ifould’s) fowls, by a trace of rice, to come and deposit their eggs in a box under the hut. I got two a day for some time—and then Tom came over for a cup of tea, one day, and the damned cockaroo cackled under his feet! But Jimmy Wilton, who was nursing me, saved' the day and did the right thing by decapitating a bottle of VB.-CWK. ♦ IN a recent letter, Flying-Officer Don Aidney, of Fiji, describes how he went to London on leave; "Half a dozen of us went along to Veeraswamy’s in Regent Street, for supper. I treated myself to curry and asked for a hot one. I have tasted some pretty strong stuff at home, but this effort was 90% raw chili and 10% prussic acid.

"I managed to struggle through it, although I lost about two gallons of perspiration and wept copiously. The other lads were rather amused—until they tasted it; but the waiters were awestruck.

"I think the concoction was a trap for unwary travellers.” * IHATE to mention it: but in some New Guinea dialects the word "Angau” (so familiar to us as the initial letters of Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit) means "false,” or "fake,” or "pseudo.” “Pren angau” is "insincere friend”; "tamboram angau” is "imitation ghost”; "tok-tok angau” is "salesman’s talk”—and so on. However, tell the ANGAU lads not to be discouraged. Mr.

Tojo has gone; and the whole war set-up in New Guinea will not be far behind. — A.N.

The Rev. W. Pidgeon, of Suva. Fiji, has been appointed an Assistant Probation Officer, Suva.

Movies Come To Bougainville

Bougainville natives watch their first movie—completely entranced by Mickey Mouse. —US Army Photo. 9 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

Tahiti'S Fair

Spoiled by Wet Weather From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, July 17.

OUR Agricultural Fair, held in July, was the most ambitious undertaking of that nature ever seen in this island. The group of buildings, on the grounds of the racecourse, were of the old Tahitian pattern and their erection was the work of the people of Papenoo district, who are expert in that type of construction.

Unfortunately, the early days of both Fair and Bastile Lay ceremonies met very unpropitious weather. Prolonged rains turned the racecourse enclosure —where the Fair is situated —into a quaking morass. Those who did not have the fortitude to navigate the sea of mud were able, however, to hear the principal speakers and the singing by the district choirs, in the comfort of their homes— through the courtesy of the Marine radio service, which broadcast the most interesting events.

The four choirs who sang the ancient paripari fenua (poetic chants) of their districts, revived memories of Tahiti’s Bastile Day in the period of its splendour, when singing companies of all the islands came to Papeete to do honour to the great national festival.

The singing by the choirs of the Ra’iatea Colony and of the district of Faaone moved the listeners to enthusiastic applause and demands for as many repetitions as the committee would permit. Paea and Pu-na’au-ia covered selves with glory, even though they did not achieve the standard set by Ra’iatea and Faaone.

To the Brown Boys of New Guinea Hi there, brown boys of New Guinea!

Mighty proud I am of you, Standing by our fighting Aussies, who are soldiers through and through.

You are treading tracks of danger and you risk your lives as well, Bringing in our wounded soldiers from those pitted fields of hell.

You were once the common nigger, whom the white man might despise— Now you are the Fuzzy hero, whom the world should recognise.

You are giving faithful service to our gallant boys; perhaps You’ll be a means to victory, in our fights against the Japs.

Many are my years of travel, many are the tales I’ve told Of the services you rendered, in my ventures seeking gold.

I can hear your voices calling, I still can hear the thud Of the big brown feet a-plodding, through the heavy, sticky mud.

When we wandered through the jungle on the narrow native track, You were rolling, slipping, sliding, with that load upon your back.

But you faced your hardships bravely, suffering hunger, fear and pain— How I wish I were a youngster, to be with you all again!

Carry on, my faithful comrades—keep on moving, do your stuff, Fighting with our Aussie soldiers, till the Japs have had enough.

Then all men may well acclaim you as a man of noble guise, As a dinkum jui gle hero, whom the world can recognise.

A. L, (Fiji) COOK.

Angau Increases Its Grip On Papua

But Mr. Ward "Knows Nothing About It" rE continuance of military government in Papua, 18 months after the last Jap had been thrown out of the Territory, is one of the remarkable political developments in the Pacific War.

The Australian Government, being little better than an unco-ordinated gang of bumble-footed blunderers, allows bureaucracy to do what it likes with the Territories; and, as the Australian public is completely indifferent to what happens there, there is no check on anyone. So the Australian Army, through a branch called ANGAU (Australian and New Guinea Administrative Unit) is running the Territories in its own way, irrespective of cost, and without any regard for the interests of the thousands of civilians who were compulsorily removed from both Territories when the Japs invaded.

The Australian Department of External Territories sometimes goes through motions indicating that it regards itself as the administrative authority for the Territories. Actually, it is merely a cipher and a name.

The enemy had gone from Papua by the end of 1942, and there is no reason whatever why civil administration cannot be restored there—except that scores of worthy lads are not anxious to be disturbed in the enjoyment of pay and privileges and military titles such as they never dreamed of prior to 1940, and which the over-burdened Australian taxpayer is providing. The enemy—battered and isolated and broken, but still potentially dangerous—remains in parts of the Mandated Territory, so the latter is not in the same position as Papua—although Morobe district seems quite safe.

ALL other South Pacific Territories recovered from the enemy—we refer particularly to the British Solomons, the British Gilbert Islands, and Dutch New Guinea—were handed over immediately by the American commanders to British and Dutch officials of the respective civil administrations. Those officials went in to such places as Tulagi, Tarawa and Hollandia with the first parties of liberating troops; and the Americans retained only such powers as were necessary for their military operations.

But the Americans took no such action in the Australian Territories x of Papua and New Guinea—they, quite correctly, left administration to their Allies, the Australian Army. The Australian Army, unlike the American Army, made no effort to restore civil administration in Papua; and, presumably, it will follow the same policy in New Guinea.

The Papuan civil administrative structure, headed by the competent and very experienced Administrator, Mr. Leonard Murray, is kept idle in Australia; while an elaborate and expensive organisation, headed by a full major-general and sprinkled liberally with colonels, majors and captains, is having a pleasant time in the Territory, being in no way responsible to the Australian Department and enjoying the unchecked authority and unlimited money available to the Army in wartime.

ONE might tolerate this thing, if the civilians of Papua were getting some benefit out of it—if the money were being spent for the development of the country, and the permanent benefit of the European settlers. But nothing like that, is in sight. ANGAU guards the Territory most jealously against civilian intrusion—while another lot of bureaucrats fights the homeless civilians in Australia over their claims for compensation for war damage and for property seized by the Army. The high panjandrums of ANGAU know only too well that if civilians once got back to Papua, and brought the light of publicity upon what is happening there, their “cushy jobs” would not last very long.

A man who has known Papua for decades, and who lately had a chance of examining conditions there, was not blinded by Brass-hat effulgence. Here is what he says in a private letter; “I am tipping the biggest slump Papua ever has had—and very soon—and a good thing, too.

As soon as the Army withdraws, and expenditure according to Army standards ceases, Papua— and ANGAU—will have to subsist on charity from Canberra, “There is practically no local revenue here now. I don’t think that Canberra will be very generous; and I am sure that the Australian taxpayer will not stand for ANGAU employing 50 personnel in the administration of a district which, before the war, was quite well served by 5. I have just been into one of the more important district areas; and ANGAU is doing things there in magnificent style—regal, almost.

It is a Fool’s Paradise—a rotten set-up, because it is getting the whole administrative structure completely out of focus.”

BUT the best evidence of what is happening under ANGAU comes from ANGAU itself. On May 24, 1944, the officer commanding ANGAU informed the directors of the mission organisations in Papua that definite arrangements had been made to commence a training school at Port Moresby under the auspices of ANGAU. Some European teachers had been gathered from the Education Department of the former Territory of New Guinea, and it was hoped to supplement their numbers from Australia. It was proposed to arrange for 200 young Papuans to come into training.

“The school will be absolutely undenominational and secular,” said the General, “although, of course, every care will be taken to inculcate what we, whatever our denominational tenets, claim to be the foundation and basic requirements of a true Christian faith. No religious instruction, as such, will be given at the school, but every facility will be afforded for visits by Chaplains of the various denominations.” The Missions were invited to send students by Ist June, 1944.

This announcement came as a bombshell to the Missions, who have been entrusted with native education in the Australian Pacific Territories for a very long time.

Its implications were disturbing. It showed (a) that ANGAU regards itself as so solidly established that it can plan for permanent administrative conditions in the Territory; (b) that it has sufficient authority—derived from Heaven knows where, but presumably from Army Headquarters—to organise a plan of native education and put it into operation; (c) that it thinks so little of the past record and present interests of the Mission bodies that it formulates a native education plan without any consultation with people who have devoted themselves to native education for many decades.

The impertinence of the invitation to the Missions to send students by June 1, 1944, was, of course, the impertinence of ignorance. But the directors of Missions may be excused if they did not see it that way. rE heads of the Missions made very urgent representations on the subject—and especially did they address themselves to Mr. E. J. Ward, Australian 10 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Minister for External Territories. This brought a disclosure of peculiar piquancy.

Mr. Ward wrote to the head of the Methodist Mission, stating that he had not received any information regarding ANGAll’s native education plan; but he had immediately instituted inquiries, and he would let the director of the Mission know the result as soon as possible.

There, in a sentence, we have the essence of the whole ANGAU set-up in relation to the Territory of Papua. The Major-General in command announces a plan for the establishment of a training school for 200 native Papuans—which obviously ties in with a general plan of administration, and has certain permanent features, and must be part of administrative policy; and the Minister in charge of the Department of External Affairs knows as much about it as he knows about the native contract labour system, which he proposes arbitrarily to abolish.

HOW long, O Lord—how long is this ragtime set-up to continue!

We know that governmental and administrative conditions in Australia, due to the weakness and inefficiency of the professional politicians in Canberra, have become demoralised and almost chaotic. Reductio ad absurdum surely was reached in the first week of August, when we saw Australia’s Prime Minister pleading soulfully with the striking coalminers, and Central New South Wales industrially convulsed because a retail butcher sacked his office girl.

These conditions seem to have spread to the Territories, where an officer without experience of tropical administration is introducing policy measures, while the responsible Minister “knows nothing about it”—and while the Territory’s own civil administration, which ought to have been back on the job a year ago, is standing by idly in Australia.

New Australian Verses FOR those who like Australian verses of “The Man From Snowv River” type, the poems of Edward Harrington, in a small booklet called “The Kerrigan Boys—And Other Australian Verses.” will have some appeal. This booklet is put out by W. Andrade, of 276 Collins Street, Melbourne, and is priced at 1/6.

Harrington—who has had many of his poems published by the “Bulletin”—writes about such robust subjects as bushrangers, fossickers. stockmen and drovers; but his verses are more typically Australian than the surrealistic tripe that is dished up these davs as the true poetrv of the age. and the manifestation of Australia’s “soul” gone cultural.

Ratu G. W. Lalabalavu, Mr. Arthur Groom and Mr. R. A. Crompton have been apnointed to act as members of the Committee of Management of the Fiji Servicemen’s After-care Fund, during the absence from the Colony of Captain E.

P. Cakobau, 2nd Lieut. P. Lobendahn and the Rev. S. G. Cowled, CF.

A Caledonian soldier. Sergeant Camille Mercier, captured at Bir Hacheim, recently managed to escape from an Italian prison camp, but he was recaptured and is now again a prisoner, this time in Germany, whence he writes that he is in good health. Some of his compatriots had better luck and managed to get over the Swiss frontier.

The Rev. C. S. Bull, of the Anglican Mission, who recently returned to Australia from Polynesia, because of his wife’s bad health and subsequent death, is now anxious to return to the mission field.

Road To Wau

Remarkable Engineering Feat in Markham-Wampit Valleys rE Australian and American armies, using unlimited engineering skill and labour, and enormous equipment, have built a very good road from the mouth of the Markham River (south side), to the Bulolo Valley, in New Guinea- To-day, trucks make the journey from the sea coast to Wau at an average speed of at least 25 miles per hour. The road does not rise anywhere more than 4,000 feet.

The road follows the Markham to the mouth of the Wampit. Then it turns south-west up the Wampit Valley to Zenag, and thence to Bulwa, where it joins up with the old Bulolo Valley road, to Wau. The worst place on the highway is not on the new road, but on the old one—it is in the Bulolo Gorge, between Bulolo and Wau. There, the ground is so steep and friable that every effort to widen the existing road has caused landslides.

There is no port at the southern side of the mouth of the Markham. Goods intended for up-country are sent across from Lae (four or five miles away, on the north side of the Markham) in barges. It is expected that a bridge across the lower Markham will presently connect Lae with the new road.

A good road already goes from Lae up the Markham Valley, towards the Ramu, in the north-west, but it follows the northern bank of the big, shifting river.

There is a sheltered port at Salamaua; and it might have been supposed that, instead of using unsheltered Lae as a port, a road would have been built northwards out of Salamaua to the mouth of the Markham, 20 miles away. But the Army has taken another view altogether- Lae, right up in the corner of Huon Gulf, is regarded as sufficiently sheltered to permit the construction of harbour works which, in turn, will give ships sufficient protection to lie alongside wharves and discharge cargo.

Old residents of New Guinea will be interested in these developments. It has been shown, first, that a trafficable road, between Bulolo and the coast, via the Markham and the Wampit, is a practicable proposition—despite the 10 years of argument between 1930 and 1940. The two new roads (north and south of the Markham) provide the means, not only for giving a new lease of life to the Morobe goldfield, but also for opening up the Ramu-Mount Hagen tablelands, and the Markham Valley itself. ■ Lae, situated at the mouth of the Markham Valley, already noted for its fine airfield, and now to become also a sheltered seaport, is assured of a wonderful future. General Griffith’s selection of Lae, in 1938, as the future capital of New Guinea, becomes justified.

In these circumstances, the future of Salamaua is obscure. Salamaua has no “back country”—it is surrounded by swamps and jammed against the mountains. and its only reason for existence wqs its sheltered harbour, and its laboriously constructed airfield, so that it shared with Lae the duties of a nort of discharge for the Morobe goldfield. Lae, in pre-war davs, held out against Salamaua because it was the headquarters of Guinea Airways, Ltd., and possessed such a good airfield. If Lae is to have, in addition, a good road to the Bulolo, and sheltered berths for shipping, no apparent reasons will exist for the re-building of Salamaua.

New Hebrides Pioneer Passes Tragic Death of Mrs. C. E. Hill WHILE still a comparatively young woman. Mrs. C. E. Hill, one of the real pioneers of the Pacific, died in Vila, New Hebrides, in mid-July. Few women of her calibre live to-day yet tragedy upon tragedy came her way.’

About 14 months ago, her husband, one of the best-known planters in the Group died in Vila, and since that time, Mrs’

Hill has been carrying on alone on her plantation on Emae Island, about 60 miles from Vila, completely isolated from all other Europeans. Only recently had she been successful in getting an overseer to take over the plantation, so that she might visit Sydney.

The Hills settled on Emae about 26 years ago, and through hard work and sacrifice built up a fine, profitable plantation. In 1932, a hurricane almost wiped Emae out but the Hills set themselves rigorously to the task of rebuilding. In February, 1940. while they were on leave in Sydney, another hurricane—one of the worst ever experienced in the Group— completely wrecked their home and plantation again. And the Hills, although sick at heart, applied themselves again to rebuilding. Mr. Hill died in 1943.

In February of this year, still another hurricane struck the island; and although not as severe as those experienced previously. it damaged the estate and Mrs.

Hill was seriously injured bv falling debris. The injuries she received on that occasion are believed to have led to her death.

After the death of her husband she wished to leave the plantation, but could find no one to take her place; so she resolved to run the place herself. This she did with only native help—a fact that doubtless contributed to her early death.

A charming,-.intelligent, and good-looking woman, her passing is mourned not only by all who knew her, but by all who admire the Pacific pioneering breed.

Death Of French Patriot

In England

Prom Our Own Correspondent June 11.

NOUMEANS heard with regret of the recent death in England of Captain Fatoux.

Captain Fatoux came to Noumea in 1941 as aide-de-camp to Governor- General Brunot. He was a patriotic and outspoken officer, who had been wounded when blowing up a bridge under the noses of the advancing Germans during the retreat in France, and he was a Frenchman to whom the Colony took a liking.

Differences developed between him and Monsieur Brunot during their subsequent voyage to Tahiti, and he was arrested, together with a number of Tahitian officials and citizens—patriots and de Gaullists all—at the time when Brunot took it upon himself to dismiss the Governor (M. de Curton) and provisionally occupy his place.

But Captain Fatoux, quickly released, had returned to London long before the arrival at Papeete of Rear-Admiral (then Captain) d’Argenlieu, who replaced Governor-General Brunot with the present efficient and successful Governor (Colonel Orselli of the French Air Force). 11 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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Reunion In

New Guinea

And Old Memories Stirred

By Judy Tudor

VOU will be interested to know that right now Geko and Antananta are with me—as pleased to see me after almost five years, as I was to see them.

They have been in their village all that time, not wishing to work for anyone else, and have had a pretty tough time during the past two years. But they are quite happy now, and a lap-lap, razorblade, some soap and a rice diet will soon have them back in their old shape.

Have just been talking to P alt on, Weihe, Samer and Tangabo; they are with a cafrier line and we are all in Geko’s country. Palton is “hone-nothing”; these Wapi boys, too, have had a bad time, hut before long they will all fill out again.

The boys asked for you and other of our friends of the good old Ulahau days.

All the other boys are back in their villages.

I expect the old names bring back memories to you, as they do to me; particularly of the early days with just Geko, Antananta, Nausi, Palton, Tulawai, Amoni and old Magini. Magini is still going strong in his village. I’ll bet he is one of the “lapuns” now.

THAT, from a recent letter from a friend “somewhere in New Guinea,” indeed brought the memories flowing back. Several times since I said goodbye to the Ulahau-back-of-But, I have decided that sort of life will never again be for me; but it needs only mention of those names to start nostalgic hankerings for the “big bush”; for the musty, fusty smell of the New Guinea jungle which, once smelled is never forgotten; even for the mud and the leeches, and a sac-sac house, and food from a tin and bread sour with -weevils.

Possibly only a strong dose of this hairof-the-dog-that-bit-me will cure my chronic troppo-itis; that my line of territory fills the hearts of few people to overflowing, I am well aware. But it is for the few that this story is fashioned.

Geko and Antananta came from country inland and south of Aitape; probably from what has been described by A. J.

Marshall as the land of the “whistlingtalk” people; “new” country that had had little contact with Europeans before the war and which we had not seen “Have you heard these two holding whistling conversations with each other?” th ®£ r ? aster asked us one night at dinner No, said we. “How come?”

Antananta was in another house furup the hill; Geko was therefore called m and instructed to “sell the talk ” per whistle, to his confrere—to instruct him to bring down his master’s tobacco and pipe.

Geko immediately coy, made several attempts to whistle his message, but each time, under the battery of three pairs of .interested eyes, his lips unpuckered and parted in a wide grin. Finally he turned J . T n us and pottering around with some dishes on a side table, got his message off. Nothing extraordinary about if clear but not piercing, rather like the aimless, unmelodious whistle of an engrossed child.

“Antananta must be psychic if he can make anything out of that,” I said; but in two or three minutes the monkey came running down the steps and matter-offactly placed his master’s pipe and tobacco tin on the table.

“Fashion belong me fella,” was their only explanation of this purely native form of “walkie-talkie” wireless.

Antananta, even in a land of “bone-nothing” people, was definitely skmnv; to describe him merely as thin would have been to paint too inadequate a picture. He came in to us from the beach with a line of 20 new recruits from Wapi; his master and Geko to follow later. The Wapis, with gusto, introduced themselves; but, onlv after thev had finished their clamour, did we notice this poor, thin, little creature, sitting huddled on a fallen tree, a brand-new white lap-lap hitched around incredibly narrow bins in honour of this meeting and a bush knife, his one prized posses sion. and lately given him by his new master, clutched convulsively in his hands. He and the exuberant Wapis were not one-talks, and he sat alone, half petrified with fear.

“You bov belong who’s’at?” we asked “Me boy belong Master Cus-Cus. Behind ’e come look ’im me,” he hastened to assure us.

“Call ’im name belong you?” we said “Anfawanta,” he replied, running all the syllables together into an unintelligible mess.

We didn’t get it at all. “Call ’im one time more!”

“Antananta,” he tried again, somehow adding even greater length to the jawbreaking name.

“Name belong ’im ‘Antananta.’ Tm ’e bov belong Master Cus-Cus!” shrilled the Wapis in chorus.

“OK OK. Name belong ’im ‘Antananta.’ ” we said. “Anta-nanta. vou go along house-cook, one-time Nausi.”

Antananta needed no second bidding.

Still clutching the large knife, almost as thick through as he was himself, he scuttled into the sanctuary of the housecook; and, until his master appeared a few days later, could scarcely be persuaded to leave it, “Holy smoke!” we exclaimed. “Where on earth does Ted get them? Those pipe-stem legs . . . !”

NAUSI, too, was one of Master Cus- Cus’ waifs; a mission monkey, educated at But, but a pain in the neck 12 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Servicing of all kinds of radio sets or amplifiers, as well as Rola Speakers, is also undertaken at our laboratories withal. Antananta, however, was of different metal and served with devotion.

A village stray, with no father, and a mother who had made another alliance, he had spent his childhood, according to Geko. kicked around from pillar to post.

The master who had befriended him, who had, above all, given him a huge bushknife of his own, became his chief interest in life. His single-minded attachment to Master Cus-Cus never wavered.

Geko was of sterner stuff: a round, well-covered lad ready for instant laughter; as intelligent as they come; a would-be sophisticate.

Geko had travelled with his master. and had sojourned in Rabaul for a time, where he tried everything once and returned to the bush to tell about it.

Palton, described now as “bone-nothing,” had been, even when he came to us straight from his village, anything but bone. He was short and thick-set, a typical boy of Wapi, with the surprising strength-for-size that made him, and his kind, such excellent carrying-boys for those hellish tracks that were our only link with the coast and the outside world; or equally, a good boss-boy in a mining team. Handsome of face, as natives go, placid of nature, totally different from his young brother, Tangabo: a man who “savvied fight.”

AND old Magini of the mutilated ear; the quintessence of all obstructionists when in the mood —which was frequent—who, whinge how he may, was yet with us from the dark days on the Nagum River behind Boram. “Tch!

Tch! Tch!” and “me no like” were the most worked words in Magini’s vocabulary. The men looked at him askance.

“A darned old pointer” was the kindest thing they ever had to say about him.

But Magini had his virtues and sometimes a great, un-native urge to be different. He could still travel faster than any other boy in the outfit, and to the last could whip over the range to Maprik ’drome to pick up mail, and cut hours off the time of the fastest monkey.

Unlike the others, he preferred to travel alone, and often after dark. Yells and yodels from the mountain-top above, at any hour of the night, would proclaim the fact that old Magini, come tambaran, come masali, or any other ghost of the darkness, had decided to make the round trip in one fell swdbp, instead of waiting until the next dawn to start back to camp.

WHEN the big earthquake came in 1936, Magini alone refused to be, at least outwardly, panicked.

It began on a still, sunny afternoon, when the men were away up the creek and Nausi on a message down the river, and I was making bread in the old housecook. In a split-second pause, every living thing in the jungle ceased its clamour, and then the 'quake was there: bubbling up from under my feet, throbbing all about me.

I fell out of the house-cook and grabbed the tree-stump near the door to steady myself, while the ground writhed beneath my feet like some huge beast in its death agonies: while the whole jungle undulated towards me in gigantic waves and branches and whole trees fell and added to the general din. I was too frightened to be aware of fear, and I clung on to my stump, only waiting.

Then the world gave a sickening lurch and all .was still once more, except for the soft swishing of the tree-tops. A hot wave of fright came up from somewhere near my toes and ended in my throat. My knees were weak, but I staggered off down the stream, compelled by blind instinct to try to escape or, at least, see my fellow-humans before I died.

The boys, who worked a few hundred yards below, were not there. Their shovels were thrown aside carelessly. I Antananta (after he had been fattened), on the left, and Geko, photographed in Aitape with A.

J. Marshall, the Australian scientist and writer. 13 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1544

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I sat down on the bank (so that they could not see my knees knocking) and told them off in straight English—my Pidgin had gone with the ’quake— demanding to know why, if they must run, they had run to the bush. “Big fella guria! Big fella guria,” they chanted, by way of an answer.

But old Magini said: “Boy ’e got big fella fright. ’E like run-run-run too,” with the emphasis on the “too” and a sidelong look in my direction as if to say; “Just how come you here, lady, if you also did not run-run-run?” rAT night, the gurias were still rolling up on a two or three-minute schedule, yet the men of our various establishments declared for bed and sleep notwithstanding.

But not for me! I, unfortunately, am cursed with an imagination; I had lived in earthquaky New Zealand; but, above all else, I had seen plenty of the local results of their infernal gurias: mountains with huge slices taken neatly off their sides; valleys filled with a rubble of dead coconuts, trees and native houses; huge rivers blocked and turned into lakes. How, then, could anyone turn in and sleep peacefully in a grass hut, clinging to a mountain-side and surrounded by tall, ridiculously small-rooted trees?

If trees did fall and kill me, I comforted myself sourly, or lopped off half my legs, then it would be someone else’s fault. I could picture myself maimed or dead and the gruesome details of the scene very easily on that grim night, with the darkness and rumble of the ’quakes without, and the dim light of the hurricane lantern within. I tried to read a two-months-old newspaper, but my mind kept returning to relish the fancied fury of my mother when she knew that her favourite daughter had been exposed to such a death, and so wantonly, by the male members of the concern.

The boys had been given permission to go to an open piece of ground down the river, and all but Magini had done so without hesitation. Magini stopped, for some weird reason of his own; but he did not sleep, either. At intervals throughout that night he let out loud whoops and yells to encourage himself; and I felt a great, un-British, un-whitewoman’s burdenish desire to go down and join him. At least we could have whooped together.

Joy of the Liberated Gilbertese Jl SONG, written by Lakobo, of Kuria Island, in the Gilberts, and sung by the people of Kuria at a special ceremony, on the occasion of the first visit of the British District Officer, Major F. J. Holland, OBE, GM, after his landing on nearby Abemama with counter - invading American Forces. (Translated from the Gilbertese) We are in merry mood.

The warships are now safely at anchor.

Their crews roam our shores.

Chorus: Men, women and children, Fear no more.

All enemy forces have been annihilated.

A secure life to everyone is now assured And freedom is ours.

The warships are from America.

Which is now protecting us.

Merrily, merrily they sail along. (Chorus repeated) We have heard the glad news.

The capture of Tarawa is confirmed.

Abemama and Makin have been liberated. (Chorus repeated) Our friend Major Holland was with the Americans When they landed at Tarawa.

Be happy! For our cause is victorious. (Chorus repeated) The fortifications on Betio were very strong.

Every part of the island was guarded Coastal defence guns surrounded it. (Chorus repeated) The brave Americans made their landings Under heavy gunfire from the beaches They fought until all the atoll was theirs. * (Chorus repeated) Our hearts are filled with joy Because the Allied Forces have come among us.

We thank our liberators a thousand times. (Chorus repeated) Miss Eleanor Rose Stansfield, younger daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Allen, of Suva, Fiji, was married on June 14 in Suva, to Staff-Sergeant Reginald Graham Morten (NZEF). son of Mrs. L. E. Morten, of Auckland.

Mrs. Gertrude May Leask died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva Fiji, on July 8. She was the widow of Mr. George Leask, a civil engineer in the service of the Fiji Government, who died in the Colony 25 years ago. Mrs. Leask resided in Australia for many years, but six months ago she returned td Fiji to live with her daughter, Mrs. E. W. Harness, of Suva.

The Chinese Vice-Consul, Mr. Y. S.

Chen, was transferred to Chungking, at the end of July, where he will work in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His successor in Suva is Mr. V. C. Tsang, who was formerly Vice-Consul in the Chinese Consulate-General at Calcutta. 14 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Where Two Races Mingle Happily New Zealand's Good Record in Cook Islands From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, June 6.

A GOOD deal has been said recently about “the dead hands of Canberra and Wellington” and their effect on the development of Pacific Territories.

The Cook Islands are not often mentioned in these discussions—they are small, unimportant, and probably do not weigh the scale one way or the other.

The Mandated Territory of Western Samoa is New Zealand’s largest tropical administration, and has grabbed most of the publicity, which would suggest that this has been ignorant and inefficient.

The 15 small and widely-scattered islands of the Cook Group have been administered by Wellington since 1901.

For 43 years the 14,000 native inhabitants of these islands have lived with dignity and security in co-operation with this Administration.

This period has been immune from any suggestion of serious disaffection. In fact, the loyalty of the Cook Islanders is a source of considerable pride to them; and this is evidenced by their wholehearted participation in both world wars.

At the present day, two main factors emerge as examples of wise and tolerant government. These are:— (a) Every acre of land, barring a few small sites for Government buildings, is owned by the natives of the Cook Islands.

It is impossible to purchase land, and leases are now restricted to terms of 60 years. At first glance this might seem seriously to retard the development of the Territory, but it is a long-term policy which is expected to reap a just reward when the natives, are sufficiently advanced to make the best possible use of their own resources for their own benefit. (b) Nowhere, perhaps, in the world, is race prejudice less apparent. Natives and Europeans abide by one code of laws.

They mix freely in social and business contacts and it may be said that, barring a few transitory malcontents, each race has a proper and discriminating regard for the other’s “way of life.” The halfcaste is not a social misfit, but a valued and responsible member of the community. rE New Zealand Government has provided an average of £24,000 annually for many years for the upkeep of free educational and medical services. The population is steadily on the increase. Yaws and hookworm, once prevalent, are now practically wiped out, and a campaign is at present being waged against the remaining enemy, tuberculosis.

Economically, conditions have been stable. The Maori has never been compelled by circumstances to desert his traditional attitude of dignified independence. No European business has become bankrupt or has withdrawn for economic reasons during the past 20 years.

Much, of course, remains to be done; but it is realised that the Polynesian people, of all peoples, cannot be hurried.

Remarkable adaptability in the Maori character is matched by a stubborn conservatism which cannot be over-ridden.

The rapid development of the aeroplane and its attendant modernisation will probably force the New Zealand Government to readjust, in some degree, this policy of a native reservation. However, discounting outside interference, it may be expected that this will be done without disregard for the primary interest of New Zealand’s past administration of the Cook Islands—the welfare of the kindly Polynesian folk who inhabit them.

Captain Thomas H. Switzer, well-known Port of Brisbane, pilot and formerly an officer on the old Papuan Government ship, “Merrie England,” died in Brisbane on June 18, aged 81. He took part in the survey of the boundary of Dutch New Guinea, and a reef between the Cape Melville and Howick Groups was named after him. He is survived by a daughter and five sons. 15 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

7 JL ' “Submarine on the starboard quarter” ...

In his book "Heroes of Fighting R.A.F.”, Leonard Gribble tells a thrilling story of the rescue of thirty-four of a ships crew by flying boats of the British Coastal Command.

The freighter "Kensington Court”, deep laden with wheat, was ploughing through heavy seas towards the British coast.

Suddenly the cry: "Submarine on the starboard quarter”.

The "Kensington Court”, unarmed, ran for it. And out went an S.O.S.

Overhauling the freighter, the U-boat began shelling at short range. The "Kensington Court” was doomed. As the crew was taking to the boats, two flying boats roared out of the clouds. The U-boat crash-dived.

Within minutes of the sending of the S.O.S. the rescue of the "Kensington Court's” crew was being staged in a fresh sea. The sailors in an inflated rubber boat were hauled from their lifeboats to the tossing ’planes.

Another chapter in the history of the part radio plays in this war. * * * Aeroplanes, ships, guns and radio. Australian industry to-day is producing everything for her own defence. But radio makes them into one powerful striking force. We owe much to the Australian resourcefulness and courage which made possible the building of all such equipment in Australia.

Whilst Australian enterprise is free to build and plan we need never fear being cut off from our sources of supply. —Amalgamated Wireless (A/asia) Ltd. 16 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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The Solomon Islander Wants To Be

SOPHISTICATED !

An Account of Events in ESI During and After the Jap Occupation

By Donald Gilbert Kennedy

rjIHE Japanese, having established them- X selves at Tulagi and Guadalcanal, in May, 1942, began to explore and patrol the coastal areas in proximity to their main camps, wherever they went, they endeavoured to contact the natives, to make friends and to spread propaganda. Acting apparently under strict orders, they made no attempt to molest the people. But their whole propaganda set-up failed. It failed dismally, and it failed through ignorance of one particular aspect of native mentality: No native could be friends with a man who had stolen his pig, or who had countenanced the stealing of his pig, or who had partaken of his stolen pig. And every Japanese on patrol had offended in one of these ways. The exponents of the propaganda of co-prosperity were ignorant of this basic principle of native life.

A man’s pigs were his money in the bank, his title deeds to rank, the gift with which he capped the marriage feasts of the daughters of the clan. The ignorant Japanese officers allowed their men to rob, not only pig-styes, but also fowlruns, gardens and even clothes-lines and clothes-boxes for the scanty, worn and pitiful raiment of a native’s wardrobe. In the gardens, they often destroyed valuable plants by pulling them out of the ground, merely to ascertain whether there were edible tubers at the roots.

In the offences committed by white men in the past, these things had never been included. Although the white men had lost some prestige in native eyes, the Japanese had certainly put themselves completely beyond the pale. The coastal natives had lost their pigs, poultry and growing crops. The Japanese had lost whatever tolerance that may have come their way. Their loss was our gain and it behoves us not to forget that it was at some cost to many coastal villages.

Furthermore, in areas where the Japanese made permanent camps—in Guadalcanal, Florida, at Viru, Munda, Rendova and Gatukai in the New Georgia Group, and in other places—the natives were forced to evacuate their villages, the houses of which were promptly torn down by the ant-like heirs of the Sun God to make bivouac shelters and roofs for gunpits and fox-holes. The natives moved to less accessible places and made new villages and gardens. They suffered from fever and other sickness in the damp jungle while their new homes were being prepared; they went on short rations until their new gardens came into bearing. But there was surprisingly little grumbling and there was no talk of appealing to the Japanese for aid. They laid their material losses to the fortunes of war. fTIHE United States Forces captured Jl Tulagi and Guadalcanal in August, 1942, without great losses. The natives had been living and enjoying a semi-independent life of action. But with the occupation of their respective areas, from Guadalcanal to Bougainville, by our victorious forces, many left to seek employment in the Native Labour Corps, to sell curios and souvenirs to the forces v and to gaze, in awe, at all the astonishing war paraphernalia of a machine-age civilisation.

Yet less than 10 per cent, of the people have had the privilege of so gazing. The remaining 90 per cent, will continue to live their humdrum lives in their remote villages, to listen to the tales of their returned adventurers and to take their share of the spoils which accompany these on their home-coming. Many of the Solomon Islanders will never see an American. Such is their remoteness over steep mountain trail and deep ravine.

To natives who have rarely seen more than one 3,000-ton ship, at one and me same time, between themselves and the horizon, the appearance of a whole convoy of 10,000-ton transports, flanked by the long, low, creeping grey shadows of its naval escort, is a sight to hold them spell-bound.

On that memorable morning of August 7, 1942, from the high mountain villages of Guadalcanal, many an old man and shy “mary” who might never see an American in the flesh, gazed iii “wild surmise” at those forbidding grey shapes creeping silently along their coastal waters to deliver the first amphibious attack on the arrogant Nips who were then preparing to operate an airfield at Lunga.

After a few weeks, reports began to trickle back from the natives who had succeeded in establishing contact with the Marines, telling of shattering bombs dropped out of the sky, by day or night, of men tumbling into fox-holes, of men killed and men wounded, of coconut groves withered by the blast of war, of ’planes hurtling from the sky; of strangelooking ships which opened at the bow and spewed on to the foreshore a rolling 17 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1544

90 YEARS S WALLOWi ARIE LL m.

I iscaus • nai mboiics . cuts . micia . ici ciua >jyt» traffic of trucks and bulldozers and halftracks and tanks and every variety of macnme Known to mechanised war. rE effect on the natives was stunning.

What the Japanese, or the labourers for the white man of the old, peaceful plantation days, had taxen weeks to perform with picK and shovel, the white men direct from the very homes of white men, were performing instantly, with miraculous, new, mechanical servants, which obeyed their every behest. Hills were swept away, rocks flattened, rivers bridged, houses erected, great holes excavated in a matter of minutes. Our Melanesian watchers slipped back to the awe their grandfathers had known when the first great, white-winged canoes appeared over their horizon.

The white man had regained his prestige. There was no explaining these astonishing things and this unheard-of mass-energy in the simple vocabularies of the islands. The eloquent know-alls would have to go to school again. And the picture was the same with every fresh landing—the Russell Islands, Sege and Munda, Vila and Vella Lavella, Treasury Island and Empress Augusta Bay.

The Melanesian does not understand the significance of these things. He is caught in the vortex of something entirely strange and new, like his ancestors before him. But he hates to appear unsophisticated, and so you see him to-day, on Guadalcanal, nearly two years after the first Americans landed and captured what is now the famous Henderson field, jostling his fellow-humans, in the roundabout of camp life, and imitating carefully their every look of worldly wisdom.

Here, on the main trunk road which parallels the beach, are unbroken lines of traffic roaring through the daylight hours.

There are lorries full of Uncle Sam’s men of all services; trucks packed with negroes; groups of Marines, sailors and soldiers, in twos and threes, going their various ways with hopeful hitch-hike gestures. Here and there are groups of Solomon Islanders sauntering unconcernedly by the wayside, each dressed as “s-a leatherneck's doughboy’s trousers with nothing in between but a small, wiry, coal-black bod y and a face striving to look as sophisticated as that of any negro around.

Most of them seem to attach great importance to the magical charm of the identity disc, and there are few who have not a coin-shaped bit of bright aluminium, scratched with hieroglyphics and dangling from a string necklet. , . an^C erT by’profS l artTste They tov e sm S mar- "enld 1“ thl technique of HawSfan guitar an( i ukulele bands with their pi on king rhythmical tunes dear to the hearts of all islanders. When a cinema story 15 unintelligible through their failure to follow the speech, there is always an American buddy ready to interpret for them -

Possible Cure For Malaria

AMERICAN scientists think that they might have discovered a cure for malaria. For security reasons, the nature of the drug is extremely hushhush, and it is believed that at this stage the new treatment contains an element of danger.

The scientists have been aided in their research by volunteers from the Atlanta (Georgia) penitentiary, who allowed themselves to be infected by anopheles mosquitoes. These experiments were considered necessary because neither quinine nor atebrin effect a complete cure for malaria, and the new drug might revolutionise treatment in combat areas.

Father Tremblay'S Jubilee

Celebrated In Haapai

From a Special Correspondent HAA p AI , Tongi, June 27.

T H E 19th day of thl s month was a red- -1 letter day at Lifuka, Haapai. Members of the Catholic Church, as well a s hundreds of other churches, crowded the IVlission Onmnnunri fn ppiphmfp flip silver Slee of the Rev Father E Tremblay SM a native of the USA ■ Lr^ ***■> a i a “ ve 01 tne USA.

Since Father Tremblay came to Tonga 5, e .r a I s . made many friends amongst the Catholics and other denominations. His kindness and generosity are bywords in these isla^s.

The Sisters of the convent issued an invitation to a dinner, and when the S uests arrived they found a table over 10 .° lon S laid out, Tonga fashion, with edibles fit for the greatest epicure.

In the evening the children of the convent gave a concert, which was a great success. Thanks are due to the Sisters for the great P atience they took in trainmg these chfldren so that they were able to P erfo ™ their task 50 admirably, The hope was expressed by everyone that Father Tremblay would see 1969, and his Golden Jubilee as a shepherd of his flock and a servant of his Church.

Mr. Sydney H. Chance, formerly of the Papuan Public Service, who has been living in Brisbane for two years, returned to Pa P ua > in July, in the uniform of the American Red Cross Society, as a field editor, Sir Phillip Mitchell, Governor of Fiii and a party under the leadership of Mr!

Pat Costello, recently took a four-dav horseback trip into the interior of Viti Levu, from Tavua across the ranges to the upper reaches of the Sigatoka River 18 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Sister Susies From

FIJI

By Dorothy Weaver

SOUTH Sea Susies knit socks for South Sea soldiers! Sounds fantastic, but these brown-skinned, fuzzy-haired lasses from Fiji and their achievement are far removed from fantasy. In 13 short weeks a small band of European ladies, resident in Suva, taught over 230 native women—all but five of whom had never held knitting needles in their hands before —to knit.

These native women, many widely acclaimed for their fine needlework and embroidery, took quickly to the art of purling 2 plaining 2. Needles and wool were purchased for them and instructions were translated into the Fijian language.

To them, to knit is “talitali”; plain becomes “peleni,” and a row is “yatu.”

They then went ahead to disprove the statement, made when it was first suggested that the native women could be taught to knit, that it would be a “waste of wool.” Turning the heel presented a problem for many, but with the aid of Circle sympathisers, dropped stitches were recovered, heels turned and toes cast off. What one Fijian girl learned she was only too eager to pass on to two or three of her friends—and the knitting craze was on!

Nurse-girls kept one eye on the baby and one eye on the ribbing; cooks cast on while the pie browned; cronies squatted on curbstones mingling their chitchat with the cheerv click, click, click of busy needles.

The idea quickly spread and women in the outlying districts of Suva became members of the unique Knitting Circle.

Many of them have relatives and friends serving with the Fiji Infantry Battalions and Commando Forces in the Solomon Islands area. The husband of one was recently killed in action. One old lady is 60. Another is blind in one eye. They are an ordinary small-town community of wives, sisters and friends, and they know that many of the Fijian boys, the majority of whom have been accustomed to go bare-footed, are finding those Army boots a trial—even for world-renowned jungle fighters!

WITHIN 13 weeks from the commencement of the Circle’s activities, they gave a display of their work—2lo pairs of socks, and four long-sleeved pullovers. Several women continued to knit as they sat crosslegged on the floor listening to the speech of congratulation given by a senior chief at this display.

This first consignment of socks will now be sent on to the native troops in a forward area, each native woman supplying the name and address of a soldier to whom she wished her socks to be sent.

And so these native women have become members of the “Sisterhood of Susies who knit socks for soldiers,” and until their boys come marching home from the war-blasted jungles of the tropical battle-fronts, they intend to keep up the good work of “peleni 4, peleni vata 2, peleni 1, saumaka.”

Ratu Dovi Komaisava, a member of one of the special contingents of RAF trainees from Fiji and the only Fijian in the RAF. has been seriously ill in hospital in England for several months. Admitted originally with an attack of pleurisy which the doctors expected to clear up within a few days, complications developed which have put Ratu Dovi on the ‘seriously ill” list for a considerable time.

Latest advice is that he is improving.

"Penal Sanctions"—And

Indentured Labour

By Mollie Lett

rE abolition of labour contracts, that is, indentured labour, was a measure Sir Hubert Murray feared would be introduced before the natives were ready for it. Sir John Harris, of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Society, London, wrote, only in May, 1939, to Sir Hubert that the whole subject of labour contracts was being considered, and that abolition of indentured labour and penal sanctions was possible.

With the abolition of penal sanctions, settlers will have to be prepared to allow natives to break contracts with impunity; for, as a defendant in a civil action, a native is worthless. Having no money except his wages, and his lands being secure, he can do as he chooses. Sir Hubert wrote on the subject only a short time before he died. “Personally,” he stated, “I should be glad to see indentured labour replaced by free labour, but I do not think that this will come about until the native has developed a sense of responsibility that will hold him to his contract without penal sanctions; and it appears to me that when we can do without penal sanctions, we can do without indentured labour altogether.”

The Rev. J. W. Dixon, of the Methodist Mission, is expected to leave for Papua shortly. 19 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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A Psalm-singers Go To Town!

Joy of Living in the Cooks Prom Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, June 6.

WHEN first we came to the Cook Islands, we went to live in a little house cosily situated 50 yards from an “are uipa anga” (village hall).

This “are” is the centre of local village life. Under its galvanised-iron roof the elders gather to discuss such weighty problems as the next church outing or the coffin insurance fund. The village football team regularly gathers there to offer up a short prayer, with one eye on the silver cup which they trust will continue to adorn their “are” for yet another year. Each Sabbath the children gather for Sunday School and render Sankey and Moody’s melodious hymns in sweet childish trebles. But chief among its many virtues, the “are uipa anga” is the scene of the oddest Sunday evening psalminising that we have yet been privileged to see (and hear).

The psalms of the Cook Island Maoris must be unique both in harmony and verse. The former might be compared to that which Gauguin might have composed had he been a musician. The mighty drone of the men’s voices is imnressive, but fails to comnete successfully with the harsh and blood-curdling shrieks of the supuosedly weaker sex.

The words of the psalms are taken from Biblical texts but sometimes modified to suit present-day conditions. For instance, one that we are Quite familiar with deals with the well-known bout between “Koria” (Goliath) and “Davida,” and “Davida” is made to eventually down his enemy with a well-directed burst of machine-gun fire.

The music has a certain rhythm, and as this “hots up,” a little discreet hulahula is permissible, although not, of course, encouraged by fanatical deacons and suchlike.

The whole scene is lively and colourful and at first we felt rejoiced that we could thus observe, at close quarters, the quaint spiritual life of our kindly neighbours.

Then the fly in the ointment reared its ugly head —in the shape of the annual church festival. In three months’ time all the nsalm-singers in Rarotonga would gather for a knock-out competition, winner take all.

Of course, this necessitated a little practice, and it was quickly borne in upon us that the lively and colourful scene would henceforth be with us not weekly, but nightly.

WE r too, are fond of a little music now and again, and it was not until we proposed to create some that the full horror of the situation dawned upon us.

Our gramophone, the trusted companion of many years, was a shocking second in the unequal struggle.

After hearing Goliath being bumped off 37 times in the first fortnight our nerves, although usually subservient, began to demand their rights. In less than a month our friends edged perceptibly away on meeting us in the street, and we decided it was time to quit. Not being able to wangle the traditional long sea voyage, we recuperated slowly at the mountain lair of a sympathetic friend.

We now live in a little house cosily situated about two miles from the nearest “are uipa anga” and it would be three if we could ever, by rugged determination, climb to such a hallowed spot.

N. Guinea Photographs Aid

War Damage Commission

mHE War Damage Commission reports X that, following the request for photographs of Chinatown, Rabaul, in “PIM” for June, a number of photographs were received by them. These proved most useful in connection with the assessment of property in that area.

However, the Commission is still without a photographic record of certain parts of Chinatown, and any reader who has photos of this area but has not yet sent them to the Commission, is urged to do so. Every care will be taken of the originals and they will be promptly returned.

It is also of interest to Papuan and New Guinea property-owners who are insured against war damage, to note that photographs of their property—or pictures of any other buildings in New Guinea—are useful to the Commission in assessing fixed property claims.

Name and address of sender, a description of the picture and, if possible, the date it was taken, should be written on the back of each photograph. They should be addressed to the War Damage Commission, MLC Building, 44 Martin Place, Sydney.

Miss D. Rogerson, who was appointed to the office of the chairman of the Methodist Mission in Suva, Fiji, three months ago, is still awaiting transport in Sydney. 21

Pacific Islands Monthly August, 1 9T 4 4

] ] v\ r t K i % <Vr r —\ v&m.

Wj ( L*r' k ee 7^ /t ;

“Govern Or Get Out!”

Authoritative Voice on ANGAU and Papua Written for “PIM” by a Former Member of Papuan Public Service RECENTLY, in a Boston (USA) publication, there appeared under the heading of “What Will We Do With the Marshalls?” the following pregnant paragraph: “Military occupation in Mandated Territory has no precedent, as the mandate is a new thing in the modern world.

Under international law, a military occupation, during wartime, is not supposed to initiate any changes, unless required by the necessities of war. Once order is restored, the rule for the civilian population is ‘business as usual.’ ”

In principle, does not the final sentence now apply to the Territory of Papua— although it is an integral part of the Commonwealth? A Commonwealth military force remains in occupation after order has been restored.

Were the matter tested in the Courts it almost certainly would be ruled that the continued contumacy by the military, in continuing to completely occupy the Territory, under the guise of ANGAU. is an illegality.

The obvious course for ANGAU is to vacate Port Moresby as its headquarters, and occupy Lae, the formerly-decided-on capital of the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. Portions of the Mandated Territory are still in enemy hands —Bougainville, Rabaul, Wewak, etc.—although well bottled up.

PAPUA, on the other hand, has been free of enemy occupation for about U years, with a very remote chance of its being re-occupied by the enemy in this war. That one or two garrisons, or supply stations, will still be necessary, is a safe but they would not feature in the administration of the Territory, which again would become civil.

'yn’ERE ANGAU to-day gracious enough T? to permit every former resident to return, and even to admit newcomers, it could not lawfully govern them, it not having been invested with the necessary powers, as laid down under the Constitution of the Territory of Papua (Papua Act, 1905-24) which provides. inter alia, for the possession of the Public Seal, which most certainly should not be held by ANGAU.

Furthermore, whatever “changes it initiated” during occupation which should be solely for the purpose of resisting. and driving the enemy from the Territory—must come to an end “once order has been restored.” Its continuance of occupation after this happening does not permit it to exercise functions which were relegated to the properly constituted civil administration, which It ousted.

Nor can it legally repeal any laws and regulations relating to natives which were enacted by that Administration, or institute laws and regulations of its own “once order has been restored.”

Consequently, ANGAU can do no other than twiddle its thumbs and preserve order where necessary—or die of ennui.

It does not even have the legal power to dispense justice outside its own military orbit. Not all “the authority” of the Commonwealth (except that might is right) can alter this condition. It would require an Act of Parliament to perfect it.

Although rights of transfer are on broad lines they do not go so far as to furnish an open cheque without a limit.

Transfer is a means and not an end.

THERE is this about it, however: that were the military in Papua an invading conquering force, it could substitute laws and regulations for the populace. But ANGAU, as its appellation denotes, never was such a force; it simply assumed protective guardianship.

That responsibility ended positively with the eviction of enemy forces, about the end of 1942, when “the rule for the civilian population was ‘business as usual.’ ” By retaining possession of the Territory, ANGAU assumes a dog-in-themanger attitude, and behaves against the best interests of the Commonwealth as a whole which, to give it its due, it has worthily protected.

Cannot it now come off its high horse and, in short, rest sweetly on its laurels, with the reflection of veni, vidi, vicit It would be most unwise for the Army authorities to remain in “administrative” possession “for the duration,” because that' period may be much longer than generally is anticipated. It would mean that, in the long interval, the Territory would slowly be strangled into a state of unconsciousness.

THE whole matter has to be looked at along broad lines, in the common interests of the Australian taxpayers, and subscribers to loans. Papua, in 1925-26, totalled its imports and exports with £1,120.147. It should be capable of repeating this record, if given the chance, and so becoming less of a burden to the Commonwealth.

At this juncture, 1944, the production of the Territory is confined to the littoral between Daru, in the west, and Abau, in the east—a distance of only 500 miles, out of 1,728 miles on the mainland. This does not include 1,936 miles on the adjoining islands, which latter, of considerable number, have an area of about 2.754 square miles. 22 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

o. o.

A m o You’ll find that Foster Clark's Creamy Custard will give a wonderfully rich flavour to all your cold sweets. It also gives added nourishment and is an economy that will help keep your housekeeping budget well within its limits. Save every penny you can to invest in War Savings Certificates.

SUMMER SWEETS. You’ll find many intriguing, original recipes in Elizabeth Craig’s FREE Recipe Book. Write to Foster Clark ( Aust.) Ltd., Dept. R. 8., Redfern, NS.W., for your copy, enclosing 2\d. in stamps to cover postage. oS> FOSTEkuLARK’S Creamy Custard These islands, between 1921 and 1926, in fishing products alone (beche-de-mer, pearl-shell, pearls, trochus-shell, turtleshell and shell NED yielded £161,233 in export value; copra, gold and gums (£5,275) being excluded. Total exports for those years were: Gold, £145,442, and copra, £713,519.

Such pearl-shells, gold and gums Australia requires very badly just now. But the exiled residents of those islands, and of the east and north-east coast of the mainland, are debarred from returning to the Territory.

ANOTHER important matter ,is that the island of Samarai —the former warehouse for these exports—was razed in 1942, to baulk the Japanese, who twice had bombed it, and is no more now than a convalescent retreat for some members of the Forces.

Is it going to be re-established as an entrepot for the whole of the north, north-east, east and south-east divisions, or is another site to be selected?

Without something immediatelv being done, the valuable products of all these large magisterial divisions will have to remain sick and feeble, and they will represent a national loss of hundreds of thousands of pounds.

This is a good example of how a part of the Territory is already being strangled, when there is no necessity for it—not even a vestige of commonsense. rpHERE is the probability of newcomers JL to the Territory, such as ex-Servicemen, who may well be appalled at the prospect of nerhaps having to wait until the end of the two wars before they can ffo (or return as civilians) to Papua, to try their luck and help to again put it on its economic feet.

A cruel wrong is being done to exiled residents who. most of them no longer young men, are refused the opportunity to try and restore their fallen fortunes.

If the Commonwealth is going to play an important part in the Pacific Islands at its doors, it will have to do better than what is going on in Papua now—or else it will earn an unfavourable reputation abroad. Both Parliament and the Army will have to take the blame.

If Australia really aims at socialising the Papuans, it ought to be urged to leave well alone, because 60 years of trial and error have provided a common mean in regard to the natives who were insistentlv told bv the late Sir Hubert Murray that in their callings they were “free agents.” Must we break faith with the Papuans who have been extolled for their aid in a national crisis?

Rudvard Kipling describes his meeting with Theodore Roosevelt, not long after ttsa had acquired the Philippines; and Roosevelt was inclined to advise England on colonial administration.

“His views on Egypt were sound,” writes Kipling, “and his text was ‘govern or get out.’”

ANGAU cannot “govern,” because it has not the necessary constitutional powers, so there is no alternative for it.

The present stalemate should be ended without delay. It is not only ludicrous but chaotic in practice, and in principle. True Australians may Well blush for it.

Mr. Lloyd Smythe, who spent his youth in Suva, and who recently graduated in Science at Sydney University, has announced his engagement to Miss Jill Haynes, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs.

L. T. Haynes, of Cremorne, Sydney. Mr.

Smvthe is the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs.

H. E. Smythe, of Suva, who are at present on vacation leave in Sydney.

"Black Gang" In

W. SAMOA Prom Our Own Correspondent • APIA, July 7.

PETTY thefts and burglaries have been a common occurrence lately and have kept the Apia High Court busy.

The beach “wireless” reports that a mysterious “black gang” of young Samoans is responsible for many of these offences. They are said to paint their faces black and to roam the Apia suburbs, particularly the Motootua district, where a number of burglaries have occurred.

Several prisoners have escaped from Apia gaol recently; some of whom have been recaptured.

One of these prisoners, Vainu’u, escaped to his home in Savaii, crossing from Upolu in a canoe. His father surrendered him to the police, but>—probably as a result of his adventurous trip—he developed typhoid fever and died before he could be transported back to Apia.

On June 14 a Samoan native, Ovaleni, of Vailu’utai, who, in the course of an argument, had stabbed to death another Samoan, Sio, was sentenced by the Chief Judge and a jury of four, to 12 years’ imprisonment for manslaughter.

No More Robusta Coffee

In New Caledonia

prom our Own correspondent xrnrnvnrA i„r,a in T , TrTlPn „_ .. NOUMEA, June 10.

A BITTER blow for New Caledonian I\. coffee planters is the announcement by Noumea traders that they are finding it so difficult to sell Robusta coffee overseas that, as from July 1, they are obliged to suspend purchases.

The American Army’s local demand is also for Arabica coffee only. This is a finer—indeed, an excellent—quality. 23

Pacific Islands Monthly August, 1?44

“Toujours les mailleures.”

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T Martini Cocktail

12 * * CREME 0 E CACAO Mr. S. Bennett, manager in the Cook Islands for A. B. Donald, Ltd., and European member of the Rarotonga Island Council, will leave the Cook Islands at the end of the year. He will act as the company’s island inspector in place of Mr. H. H. Hemus, who has been well known in the Eastern Pacific for 40 years and is now due to retire.

Forgotten Vanua Levu

Scope for Great Development in the Post-war Period

By “Hiereus”

VTEARLY seven years have passed since Sir Arthur Richards, then Governor of Fiji, said, to Legislative Council, For too long has Vanua Levu remained the Cinderella of the Pacific’— and yet, during those years, little has been done to develop the resources of the island.

I have been studying the statistics of the Census, and have learned that, while Vanua Levu contains nearly onethird of the land area of Fiji, its population was, at that time, only 32,000 slightly over one-sixth of the total population, averaging 15 people to the square mi if-. , ~,,,,, £ probable that the present population is smaller than that of 1936, owing to enlistments in the military forces and drift to employment in Viti Levu. There is an acute labour shortage * n Vanua Levu, especially in the copraproducing districts.

Yet, as one explores this island of 2,163 a^ ar^c(^e^ e f’or^^^^opment,^°i^%nly m its resources were made more widely known and more inducements were offered to settlers.

Labasa, in the centre of the northern province of Macuata, is the only township on the island, and this would not exist either, if it were not for its sugar mill.

Cane is grown extensively for several miles around, and recently the area under cultivation has been extended and could be extended even further.

The south side of the island is almost entirely taken up with the production of copra. Some years ago, banana growing was started, but came to nothing, owing to marketing difficulties. The efforts of an American company to grow pineapples near Naduri were ended in the depression.

In the Wainunu district, in the southwest of the island, tea, coffee, cocoa, betel nuts and rubber are grown in a small area centring on Davutu.

The Mt. Kasi gold mine ceased to operate in 1943, owing to wartime difficulties.

Gold has been discovered in payable Quantities at Waimotu, in Natewa Bav. also, but nothing will be done there until after the war. There are sawmills at Dreketi and Buca Bay. Rice is grown by Indians, in many parts of the island, but chiefly at Wainikoro, Seaqaqa, Lekutu and Bua.

SUCH, briefly, is what is being done, or has been attempted. Under a progressive administration and with funds available, more could be done, new industries developed, and the island made to support a much larger population.

No one can predict the future of copra: but on the whole, copra planters seem optimistic and disinclined to believe that copra will slump after the war, as in the past.

The copra districts of Vanua Levu have been so drained of mannower, owing to wartime demands, that planters are unable to keep their estates weeded, and cut sufficient copra to make a livelihood.

Wages are high, and there is no guarantee that recruited labour, for which a heaw deposit has to be made, will remain.

Some planters are carrying on without any labour: while others allow an Indian family to settle, plant rice and cut copra on a share basis. Some homesteads have been abandoned, and the jungle allowed to creep back again.

Fview of these things, the time is opportune for discovering whether some other crops cannot be grown to supplement conra production. As I have already stated, rubber, tea. coffee and cocoa are grown on the island, thoueh only in small quantities in the Wainunu district. Hitherto, the world’s supply of these commodities was obtained chiefly in East Asia, Brazil and West Africa. But this war has taught us the need of having our raw materials widely dispersed, and not concentrated in one area. If producers were given a reasonable assurance of markets probably these and other crops would be grown.

In the past two years the Colony has faced an acute shortage of meat. Here, too, much more use could be made of large areas of Vanua Levu for stockraising.

With regard to the mineral wealth of the island, I have been told by an expert that it is nrobably greater than that of Viti Levu, but as yet it has hardly been tapped. 24 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

A. B. DONALD Ltd.

AUCKLAND

Island Traders & General Merchants

P.O. Box 1509. Cables & Telegrams, "Kingdom", Auckland. | f** | A \ 1 Bond Street, Sydney, Australia.

J. bUUVafI O L\J. Tel 84167. Box 3615 GP.O.

SUPPLIERS OF GENERAL MERCHANDISE TO LEADING FIRMS THROUGHOUT THE

Pacific Islands

Exporters .... Importers ... . Manufacturers' Representatives Bankers: Bank of N.S.W. Bank of Adelaide. Comptoir Nat. d’Escompte de Paris.

War Time Cable Address: GOUGH CO., 1 BONDSTREET, SYDNEY.

Codes: Bentley’s, 2nd and Comp. Phrase; A.8.C., sth and 6th; Peterson, 2nd and 3rd; Banking; Acme.

SUCH are a few of the possibilities of the island, but some sort of policy is needed if Vanua Levu is ever to come into its own and cease to be allowed to progress haphazardly.

Firstly, more interest and attention should be given the island by Governors and departmental heads in Suva, some of whom never visit the island at all. One Governor, on his only visit during four years of office, arrived in Labasa after dark and departed at 10 ajn. the following morning. In other cases, the day of the official visit is usually taken up with local ceremonies involving obsequious speeches and platitudinous replies.

This applies also to visits of other high officials: a few pleasant hours and then off again, feeling that the best is being done in the best of all possible worlds, and that the local officer will always supply any information needed.

But the local officer is himself a bird of passage, liable at any time to be transferred to another district, and usually too burdened with routine matters to have time to devote to the future.

What is really needed is someone with good eyesight who is not afraid to get out of the car when it reaches the end of the metalled road and, complete with notebook. walk on for a bit by himself.

Secondly, more opportunities to express their points of view, should be afforded the inhabitants. At present, the whole group of islands to the east of Viti Levu, including Vanua Levu, Taveuni. Ovalau, Rotuma, and Lau, are grouped in one constituency, entitled to return one European and one Indian member to the Legislative Council. This district is far too large and scattered for one member to meet all his constituents. Vanua Levu at least, should be entitled to its own representative.

AT present, the District Commissioner selects his own personnel for local advisory boards, such as hospital, price control, roads, local authority, etc., and he is at liberty to over-rule their decisions. There is a tendency, also, for the same neople to be appointed to each of the different boards. Neither is the public informed of their proceedings.

Furthermore, the District Commissioner or District Officer may summon meetings at his own discretion, or dispense completely with the services of such boards, as one District Officer admitted to doing.

Residents should be permitted to elect their own representatives and be kept informed of their proceedings.

Vanua Levu has at present three centres of administration; but the south’ ern centre, at Savu Savu. has a large and unwieldy district to govern. A fourth centre should be established for the Natewa Peninsula and Natewa Bay. rANSPORT and communications, both external and internal, are urgent needs for the island. At present, Labasa is served by one small and aged passenger vessel, calling once a fortnight and taking three to five days to accomplish the 200 miles to Suva, the return fare for which is £l3/10/-. Conditions at Savu Savu are not much better. Most of us hope that, after the war, a regular plane service will be available, or at least a faster and more spacious boat service at less exorbitant rates.

A few metalled roads, generally in a disgraceful condition, exist round Labasa; there is also one stretch of road at Savu Savu. For the rest of the island, there are only bush tracks.

To cross the island, one climbs a mountain of muddy soapstone with a gradient of about one-in-one, pushes on through weeds five feet high, which sometimes conceal the track completely, wades through almost incessant slush and across innumerable creeks—in one stretch of three miles crossing the same creek 17 times. For years, a trans-island road has been talked about, but to-day nothing has been accomplished.

The road from Labasa to Naduri, featured in a former issue of “PIM.” when seen by this writer last January, had been washed away and the bridges had fallen in. Something better is needed to span the island.

VANUA Levu at present has the services of one qualified doctor, who resides in Labasa. For a time, in 1939-41, a doctor was stationed at Savu Savu; but, in spite of the urgent requests of the people, that district has been without proper medical supervision since then.

A travelling dentist should also be provided. Few of us can afford the expensive fares to Suva when our teeth are in need of attention.

WHEN communications have been improved, a good central school for European and part-European children should be provided. At present such schools as there are (three operating and one closed owing to present lack of teachers) are small. Junior schools are widely scattered, and many children live too far away to attend school at all.

At Labasa, a public telephone system should be instituted, and a considerable extension made to the existing water supply. The township of Nasea needs a proper recreation ground and a clubroom and library for the lads of different races, who have no diversions for their leisure time other than gambling and the local saloon. Much more housing is required.

Given decent road communications throughout the island, there is every reason to suppose that Nakama, in the Savu Savu district, could be developed into a busy port. It already has a good harbour.

It is to be hoped that those charged with the task of rehabilitation will remember the possibilities of Vanua Levu.

Mr. J. J. Murray, a trader and planter in the Cook Islands for many years, recently returned to Rarotonga. He served with the Australian Forces in World War I, being severely wounded and has been with the Second N7.EF and the American Forces in the Solomons during the past four years. 25 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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Bad Housing Causes

TUBERCULOSIS Medical Opinion in Cook Islands From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, June 6.

MUCH of the high incidence of tuberculosis in Rarotonga is ascribed by medical authorities, to unhealthy housing conditions, particularly in the township of Avarua.

Unfortunately, the building of the best type of native house is almost a lost art in Rarotonga. During the early and most prosperous days of the fruit trade, some 40 years ago, a great many timber and lime-walled houses, with corrugated-iron roofs, were built.

The possession of such a house was the hallmark of respectability and the native mind became enamoured of tin shanties, however decrepit, in place of the pleasant but all-too-familiar thatched “are.”

Now those halcyon days are gone, and the native income is consumed in buying such everyday necessaries as clothing and tinned meats.

Most of these tin-roofed houses are damp, dark and unventilated. They have not been scrubbed or even whitewashed for years. Many are in the worst stages of dilapidation. Some years ago, the Chief Medical Officer, Dr. E. P. Ellison, issued a warning that these old buildings must go. It was unheeded, and it seems that they will never be vacated until they finally disintegrate from sheer disrepair. rERE is an alternative, however. The offending houses are all built on tiny lots surrounding each village church.

These lots were granted a century ago by the Arikis, in order that the missionaries might be able to keep a vigilant eye on their flocks.

The tendency in these more enlightened days is to live on plantations away from the villages, but this is largely frustrated by bad roads and, most particularly, lack of a water supply. If a water supply system could be installed right along the Ara Metua (ancient inland road encircling the island) there is no doubt that many natives now living in the squalid villages would remove to their plantations. Road improvements would follow as a natural result.

At the same time, the art of native house building should be revived and adapted in order to provide the most healthy conditions possible from the material available.

This would lead to a gradual de-population of the villages, which are mostly situated on low, swampy land near the sea; but it would not only produce housing which is more acceptable to modern medical knowledge but certainly would increase care and cultivation of plantations.

Dr. E. P. Ellison, chief medical officer of the Cook Islands, returned recently from New Zealand, after conferring with health authorities on the proposed tuberculosis sanatorium to be established at Rarotonga.

Mr. J. D. Campbell, of Rarotonga, a veteran officer of World War I, who joined up in this one as aircraftsman, has been gazetted Pilot-Officer, and is now on the staff of the RNZAF officers’ training school.

Mr. J. N. Falvey has been appointed District Officer, Southern District, and Assistant Provincial Commissioner of Rewa, Fiji.

SCRATCHING CONG oj a Serviceman in New Guinea: What a joint!

What an itchy, twitchy, scratchy joint, With everything that crawls and flies and bites, Giving me rashes, lumps and itches.

Till my skin revolts and twitches, And I scratch!

The RAP fellow (Not a bad fellow) Paints me all over, Purple, green and yellow, But despite his best, I can get no rest, For it itches.

They give it names, Such as tinea or erythema; But that doesn’t help a piesta When the itch begins to fester, ’Cos I still scratch.

I start at my head, Go down my arms and legs and ankles.

Then start again, All over again.

Tearing, Swearing, Itching, Scratching, Instinctively, Persistently, From head to hot, Till I’ve got the lot Well scratched.

When the sand fly and the mossies Return again to mock us, Return again to bite us, Return again to blight us With a Pharoah’s curse, Only ten times worse— Dermatitis!

And it leaves me itching, Which I can’t help scratching Like a dog With a flea.

Poor cow!

That’s me, SCRATCHING. 27 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1044

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Language Study

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Tomato Growing Booms in Cook Is.

From Out Own Correspondent H RAROTONGA, June 6.

IGH prices realised last year by Rarotonga tomato growers have resulted in large plantings this season. Shipments commenced in earnest with 4,000 boxes in June, and if shipping space can be provided, a record season is expected. Prices received so far this year have been between 15/- and 20/- per box of approximately 20 lb., as against an average of about 6/- in pre-war years.

This phenomenal increase has, of course, been largely offset by increased living costs, but the fact remains that tomatoes are by far the best paying crop in the Cook Islands to-day, in spite of the risk of heavy loss through non-shipment.

The rich volcanic soil and cool winter climate of the Southern Cooks are very favourable to the cultivation of tomatoes.

Crops are repeated within three months of planting and this is an added attraction t 9 the Maori grower, who has become proficient in the delicate task of raising the young seedlings. It is apparent that a canning or dehydrating plant would be of tremendous value to the islands and should be of profit to the operator.

A more remote, though rele'vant, aspect of the business is the effect which air transport will have on the islands’ fruit trade. Tomatoes, in perfect condition, could be landed in New Zealand, by air,’ throughout the winter months. The weight of a box of tomatoes in relation to its value is such that the obstacle of high freight rates could be overcome.

Much would depend, of course, on New Zealand’s consuming capacity; but with more efficient distribution, and consumption increased accordingly, the supply of New Zealand’s winter requirements of tomatoes alone would bring prosperity to island growers.

With orange and banana growing, however, the position is far from satisfactory Prices of Government-controlled oranges and bananas in 1939 were 3/9 and 3/6 per case respectively; now they are 5/6 and 5/- per case—a small rise considering wartime conditions. Practically no interest is now taken by growers in these products; the banana industry, particularly, having come to a dead-end.

Evacuees—And Australian

Income Tax

SOME evacuees from New Guinea and Papua seem still to be not clear as to how they stand with the Commonwealth Income Tax Department. One reader writes to say that: “Your ‘PIM’ and the Brisbane papers last year, published a statement saying that evacuees were exempt from taxation up until the year 1943. This is not borne out by what I have been told by the Taxation Department.”

At no time has the “PIM” made such a statement; but this is what we did publish in October, 1942; An evacuee is liable for income tax if his income from all sources in Australia was more than £156 during the year ending June 30, 1942.

Returns must be furnished for total income when it exceeds £156.

Even if total income were not in excess of £156 during the year ending June 30, 1942, and the taxpayer is now earning more than £3 per week, it is necessary to lodge a return in the prescribed form in order to receive an Exemption Certificate.

Evacuees should note that these Exemption Certificates merely exempt them from having their taxation taken out of their weekly wages by their employers. If they earn over £156 they will have to lodge a return and pay tax when the appropriate time arrives.

We have now checked this with the Pacific Territories Association, which states that the amount of £156 was subsequently reduced to £lO4.

In other words—as far as income tax is concerned, Territorians are treated like other residents of Australia. 28 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Slop Kidney Poisoning To-day If you suffer from Rheumatism, Sciatica, Neuritis, Lumbago, Pains in Back, Nervousness, Dizziness, Circles under Eyes, Leg Pains, Poor Appetite and Energy, Puffy Ankles, or broken rest, etc., you should know that your system Is being poisoned because germs, acids and wastes are impairing the vital functioning process of your kidneys.

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Indentured Labour

AGAIN University Professor's Attack THE invasion of New Guinea by Japanese had severely disrupted native life, and very many natives had been killed by enemy action and by introduced diseases, said Professor Elkin (Professor of Anthropology) in an address to students at Sydney University. New Guinea employers, seeking indentured labour after the war, might find that the labour pool was not available, even if the system were retained.

The question of whether the natives would have confidence in us again would depend upon how we treated them. He advocated honesty and frankness and an admission of our earlier failures. Our future NG administration should be based on: (a) Gratitude towards the native population; (b) strict adherence to all the principles of the Atlantic Charter. He said we should help the natives stand on their own feet, particularly economically.

The question arose, What part will the planters play in such a new set-up—thosewho have given years of their lives towards building a livelihood in the islands?

The professor explained that he did not wish to attack the planters, and there was no objection to their work in NG, so long as it did not jeopardise the development of the natives. This could only be a success if: (a) The alienation of land is prevented. This fortunately, has never been a great problem in NG. (b) The indentured labour system is abolished, the reasons for this being: (1) The natives are away from their homes for an extended period and consequently lose touch with the folks at home; (2) the natives learn little of future value to them.

Professor Elkin believed that force of circumstances would condemn the continuation of the indentured labour system after the war. It would then be necessary for planters to employ natives by personal arrangements, on suitable terms to the natives.

It had lately been suggested that NG should have some form of self-government. He could well imagine the kind of self-government that that would be — the representatives of 6,000 Europeans governing a million natives.

Professor Elkin expressed the hope that New Guinea and Papua would become part of a regional mandate, these regional mandates being in the hands of good-thinking nations.

EDITORIAL NOTE.

THIS report is published to show the kind of comment one hears and reads all over Australia to-day, and which, presumably, is calculated to influence the Australian Government when it gets around to fixing a policy for the future administration of Papua and New Guinea. Is it any wonder the Territories people seek separation from Australia!

It is comment informed by excellent intentions: but it is so impractical, and so divorced from realities in a world that is geared to the most selfish considerations, that it is useless.

Professor Elkin is a distinguished scientist. In relation to the future of New Guinea, he insists on remaining a scientist. If he were a realist, he would step down into the common marketplace, and help us to find a solution of the New Guinea native and labour problems. There is no solution in his vague suggestions that New Guinea should remain a native preserve (everyone barred out except missionaries and anthropologists) and that the work of the Territorian plantations, mines, etc., should be carried on by free labour.

Australia has to be protected; Australian security requires organised settlement in New Guinea; organised settlement requires dependable labour; and there is no such labour available except (a) indentured native labour or (b) imported Asiatic labour.

The indentured labour system is not enslavement—it is only a method, evolved in some 40 years of trial and error, by which the primitive hatives are compelled to observe a labour contract into which they enter freely and without compulsion.

The system can be employed for the definite benefit of the natiyes, under wise administration.

We have no record of even one person, who really knows and understands the Territories conditions, ' condemning the system in the manner of recent Australian critics. None of the latter appears to know anything whatever of the practical side of the problem.

Back-Numbers Of "Pim"

WOULD any reader who has unwanted copies of July and October issues for 1943, contact the Rev. I. Schwab, of 99 Barrack Street, Hobart, Tasmania. He requires these copies urgently. 29 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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How War And The Americans Came

TO TONGA BY H. E. L. FRIDAY THE native kingdom of Tonga, in particular the island of Tongatabu, came into the war picture in February, 1942, when Admiral King, Commander-in-Chief of the United States Fleet, decided to establish a garrison there.

But it was not until May 9, 1942, that a large US convoy dropped anchor off Nukualofa and an advance echelon went ashore to make arrangements for landing §ind to start the work of unloading.

Their arrival made a great impression on the natives, who gave them an enthusiastic reception, the entire population of the little town, from babes in arms to grandmothers, turning out in welcome. The arrival of Abel Tasman in 1643 can hardly have caused more excitement. On that occasion the great Dutch navigator also left it on record that he was hospitably received and that the Tongans are a noble and a likeable people.

Americans can ecl}o his remarks, for they found themselves in a friendly atmosphere amid a population of wellgoverned and co-operative Polynesians, alert and intelligent and for the greater part able to speak English, so that understanding was well based and mutual.

No depressed, disease-ridden islanders these, but generally muscular, handsome men and comely, smiling women—freedom-loving people whose welcome came straight from the heart. Their eyes grew wide with wonder, as guns and jeeps, and command cars and men in khaki streamed ashore. More activity was crowded into a day or two than they had ever dreamed would happen in all their lives.

Few of the Americans had more than hazy ideas about the Tongan Group, apart from Tin Can Island, and its swimming postman—an Englishman who served in the First Auckland (NZ) Battalion in the last war. His name was C. S. Ramsay, and his job was to take mail to and from liners waiting half a mile off shore.

An island trader, he went to Niuafo’ou m 1921, and noticed that in the hurricane season the people were deprived of communications for six months of the year. Some years previously, mail had been sent from ships with rockets, but the mail was burned and the rockets set fire to the bush. “At first,” said Mr.

Ramsay, “I swam during a bad season.

But owing to the great interest shown by tourists, the captain of a ship asked me to keep it up, and for 10 years I continued the ‘Tin Can’ mail all the year round.”

WHEN the Americans arrived at Tongatabu and for some time afterwards, a strong enemy attack on the Samoa-Fiji-New Caledonia stretch of the vital American-Australasian supply line (officially known as the Anzac-American line) seemed probable. As long as that line held firm, it was considered unlikely that Tonga would be attacked by major enemy forces. But it was felt that both Army and Navy forces there should be strong enough to protect navy and air bases against raids, as well as to deny the Group to forces attempting to attack Fiji or Samoa from the south.

VAST amounts of money, men, equipment and effort were thrown into the construction of such bases as Tonga, which the war to-day has left so far behind. But once the Allied South Pacific campaign had started, these islands served as reinforcement areas and as supporting points for aircraft operating over an area of thousands of miles.

Even to-day, their usefulness has not entirely lapsed, for they offer alternative staging points on the busy South Pacific air-ferry route.

There were a number of alerts on Tongatabu even after the Solomons offensive had got under way. During the naval battle of Santa Cruz, in October, 1942, naval and air patrols from Tonga were especially active, while infantry and artillery manned specially prepared beach and gun positions. During this alert, the 15th Squadron, RNZAF, arrived on Tongatabu. There were further alerts on November 12. when a hostile cruiser was sighted south-west of the Ellice Islands area; and at the end of December, when an enemy destroyer and two submarines were spotted in the vicinity of Norfolk Island.

AS is usual with them, the Americans put a road improvement scheme into operation soon after their arrival on Tongatabu. They found two good-surfaced roads bisecting the island, narrower 30 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

HANGARS HUTS War-time Construction of defence structures, munition annexes, war workers’accommodation, calls for hundreds of thousands of Wunderlich “ Durabestos ” flat and corrugated asbestos-cement sheets.

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540 PITT STREET, SYDNEY Cables: ROBERGILL. GP.O. BOX 137 CC. dirt roads linking them up with outlying parts; but the latter, though generally accessible in dry weather, turned into a morass when it rained and had to be made fit for heavy military traffic.

Of health problems, the chief was water supply, for the island is without streams or surface water and therefore dependent on stored rainwater and shallow wells.

But even wells freshly dug by the troops were found to be contaminated with the colon bacillus, indicating a common central underground source. So water had to be decontaminated. Had permanent occupation been contemplated, it would have been possible to tap underground freshwater streams which run into the sea at or below sea-level.

A second handicap to be overcome was native disregard of sanitary precautions, not due to ignorance but indifference. A senior American medical officer observed that though plenty of Tongans would have been capable of writing excellent papers on hygiene, acting up to them was quite another matter. At his request, the local Administration readily agreed to a system of constant inspection and prompt punishment through the local Courts.

Dispensaries and prophylactic stations were set up and camp sites developed, while a permanent hospital was erected at Houma, near the sea. The island is syphilis-free; nor does prostitution as such exist. Efforts were therefore made to keep the island free from a milder form of venereal disease.

The civil authorities readily got the police to round up, tactfully, the few women known to be of loose character, and there was no difficulty whatever in getting their consent to being examined, or in getting them to report for follow-up treatment of their own accord in the cases where treatment was necessary.

The Americans also dissuaded the local Government from the custom of discharging from the local defence force, soldiers who had contracted this disease; instead, they were transferred to hospital and cured without loss of caste. The result has been almost complete elimination of venereal disease.

One danger still threatened from outside. Troops and sailors were constantly passing through and to meet situations like this US Army doctors became quarantine officers and were able to board all visiting vessels to inspect crews and passengers. Only men who could show a clean bill of health were allowed ashore.

On Tonga, mosquitos are little more than a nuisance, but 90 per cent, of all mosquito-breeding on the island was eliminated by putting a comparatively small amount of metal screening around the cisterns and insect-proof covers on the wells. Flea and rat problems were similarly—and successfully—dealt with.

To keep flies from increasing, a cleanliness campaign was instituted. It took a novel turn when the local Government was again called in. They gave publicity to the campaign not only in the official native news-sheet, but bv means of town and village criers; and Tongan Board of Health inspectors were assigned to accompany military inspectors on their journeyings.

Under treaty obligations and the Allied Chief of Staffs’ agreement, the United States had asrreed to take care of any civilian casualties that might result from enemy activity, if the local medical service should be unable to handle them.

This obligation was complicated bv the local custom, by which a patient’s family is responsible for his food and for unskilled care while he is in hospital. The result was that a sick person reporting for treatment would arrive accompanied by most of his relatives. This local set-up would have been quickly overwhelmed in the event of hostile invasion, and a method had to be worked out so that a rush to the nearest military hospital of a large proportion of the population would not clog the roads and interfere with military requirements.

The solution was to start clinics in the larger villages in sufficient numbers to be within reach of everybody, and town criers were sent around announcing that only in those village clinics would civilian injuries be treated. To accustom Tongans to these clinics, weekly consultations were started, and within a brief period the response was gratifying. Native practitioners—graduates of the Fiji Medical School —supervised, consulting American doctors about specially interesting or difficult cases. In addition, two native first aid classes were started, Queen Salote selecting the candidates herself. rE arrival of butter from New Zealand and frozen meat was welcome to the US troops after the first 40 days of tropical type B ration, supplemented by local bananas and oranges, but still there was a complete lack of fresh milk and eggs, these not being native articles of diet. However, some of the European residents had milking cows, and on the estate of an interned alien, the makings of a milking herd were found. The Tongan Government was approached and agreed to rent the estate to the US Forces.

“We enticed a number of half-wild chickens into a wired enclosure and started our egg producing plant,” said the officer in charge. “We also purchased a number of young pigs and fed them on 31 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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“As the cattle were fed entirely on grass, effort was made to increase their milk productivity by importing meal cake from New Zealand Much to our surprise. we could not get the cattle to eat this; neither would they eat salt. The calves, however, gave us no trouble in this regard. As warmer and drier weather came on there was a falling-off in the milk production, the cows drying up. We saw then that they were incapable of producing milk for any length of time, as ‘hey'iadto depend on what grass they 1d . T forag u TN November, 1942, ,the status of the A force seemed so uncertain that it was decided to give up the farm. Early in the previous month the need for additional troops on Guadalcanal was indicated and the New Zealand War Cabinet was therefore asked to provide replacements for Tonga from the Division then preparing to move to New Caledonia Though already called upon to garrison Norfolk Island, and reluctant to split up the Division still more, the request was acceded to.

In February 1943 therefore Admiral Halsey recommended the removal rt? US Forces from Toneatabu— “the stratee-ir situat i o n having changed materfally in recent months °, lth th s e occupation and mnsniidatiAn r,f b,. u.CiT; I," caStare“<s ™Liand thf Aust?Lln advame ta New Gu nea "

“eVZealand was“ted tosSsume full responsibility for Tonga's defence and accordingly Brigadier-General Lckwwd of the US Army, left to become island commander at Espiritu Santo, and on March 2. Brigadier F. L. Hunt, of the New Zealand Army, took over at Nukualofa.

Return By Air

Planter-Airman Visits His Bougainville Estate From a Special Correspondent SOUTH PACIFIC BASE, July 9. rfly over the plantation where he was assistant manager in peacetime, was the recent experience of an Australian airman, Pilot-Officer N. C. Sandford.

He joined the AIF in Sydney soon after the outbreak of war, transferred to the RAAF, and is now attached to the US Forces.

His plantation was Numa Numa estate, belonging to Buka Plantations & Trading Co., an Australian concern which has also a large plantation at Bonis, where the Japanese built an aerodrome.

Sandford told me that he was glad to get another look at Bougainville and had for long tried to get up there with the Allied Forces. While on the perimeter he was loaned to the Fijians by the US XIV Corps as an interpreter for local natives and to carry out reconnaissance patrols in the area. One of these patrols was along the Numa Numa trail, but they did not quite get to the plantation, as they encountered an enemy ambush.

Later, Pilot-Officer Sandford was chosen to make a photographic flight for the bomber strike on the sector which included his old plantation. He is of the opinion that, apart from bomb damage, the plantation could be brought into operation again within a year, as the secondary growth has not yet smothered the palms.

“We had 800 cattle, 600 pigs, and at least 5,000 fowls on this 5,000-acre estate,” he said; “also some peacocks, to add an ornamental touch to the place.”

He added that many of their old plantation boys were to-day working with ANGAU. "

Although missionaries had for a time tried to end the custom, it was still the way of unmarried Bougainvillians to wear their hair stuffed up inside initiation hats for a year or two after puberty, so that their hair grew into an enormous mop. A tremendous sing-sing was held when the hats were removed.

Before going to Bougainville, Pilot- Officer Sandford saw service at Milne Bay, Goodenough Island, and Kiriwina, north of Goodenough. He mentioned the names of several old Territorians who have been doing sterling individual work with the Services, including a Mr. Mason, former general manager of Inus Plantation, Bougainville.

Death Of Mrs. Jane

BEDDOES AFTER a residence in Fiji of over 50 years, Mrs. Jane Beddoes, widow of the late Ernest Beddoes, died in Suva on June 18. The Bishop of Polynesia conducted her burial service.

Mrs. Beddoes was born in New Zealand 81 years ago and came to Fiji Tn 1888, marrying three years later, and living with her husband on a plantation on the Rewa River. Later they settled in Suva.

She is survived by two daughters and two sons: Carl (of Wellington); Phyllis (Mrs. Tretheway, of Sydney); Zena (Mrs.

Michel, Fiji); Percy, of Australia; and three sisters: Mrs. John Rennie, of Suva; one in Vancouver, and one in South Africa.

The Rev. H. V. R. Reynolds, of the Melanesian Mission, is on three months’ furlough, which he is spending in New Zealand. 32 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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The Cause, Prevention And Cure Of

FILARIASIS Many Aspects of This South Seas' Curse Explained by US Army Medicoes r\F great interest to residents of the Pacific Islands generally, and particularly to certain adversely affected areas of Polynesia, is this report sent to us by Mr. R. 8. Ridgley, headmaster of Araura School, Aitutaki, Cook Islands.

The report is of an address to the native people, by a visiting American Army doctor, Major* Knett, and deals with that baffling disease, Filariasis — or, as it is sometimes called, Elephantiasis.

“This may not be the final solution,” writes Mr. Ridgley, “but it is a great stride in the right direction. We now know something definite about the causes of it; and we have seen for ourselves on this island recently the amazing operations performed by doctors of the US Army. Enormous swellings of breasts, testicles and knees have been reduced to normal by operation; lower limbs have been reduced to normal by special bandaging.”

SOME kinds of sickness are caused by worms. We know the round worm, Ascaris, which the children have and which they pass in the faeces after we give them worm medicine. But there is another worm which we never see.

This is the filarial worm. It is very small —only one inch long and no larger around than a silk thread. We never see it. for it does not live in the intestine like Ascaris, but deep in the tissues. As with other worms, a person can have a few of them and not feel ill in any way. But if a person has a large number of any kind of worms he will become sick.

This is true with filarial worm. Children can have a few of these worms and not appear ill. But if they continue to get more and more of them, as the years go by, they may become sick.

We see this here in Aitutaki. We see big legs due to filarial worm sickness only in older people. Yet in the blood examination which I made here last month (May, 1944) on 540 children in the school, I found 100 children to have the filarial worm. None of these children show any signs of the worm sickness yet, for they do not have enough of the worms.

BLOOD-TESTS tell immediately if a person has filarial worms. Under the microscope the baby filarial worm can be seen wiggling in the blood.

Examining the blood is the only way one can tell if a person is infected in the early stages.

A person with a large number of worms may have attacks of fever. He may have swellings of the legs, the arms or the testicles. Or he may have nodules in the groin or in the arm. just above the elbow.

Persons with filarial worms often develop deep abscesses.

THE baby filarial * worm is born with a thin sack around it. which can be seen easily under the microscope He cannot break out of this sack by himself, and as long as he is inside he cannot grow into an adult. His only hope is the mosquito.

If the mosquito takes a blood meal and sucks un the baby worm along with the blood, then the worm has his chance of life. In the stomach of the mosquito the sack around the worm is dissolved. But the little worm cannot grow into an adult worm in the mosquito. It must get back into the bodv of a man. Therefore, it crawls into the biting tube of the mosquito. Then, when the mosquito next bites a man. the little worm passes from the mosquito’s biting tube into the skin of the man. Now it can grow into an adult worm, find a mate and live to a ripe old age. It is very important to understand that it is impossible to get filarial worms from another person except through the bite of a mosquito.

Since the baby worms cannot get out of their sacks themselves and, therefore, cannot grow into adult worms, the number of adult worms in a person’s body cannot increase without the help of a mosquito. This is important, for it is only the adult worm that causes sickness.

The filarial worm, like every living thing, lives a certain time only. If the baby worms are not taken up by a mosquito and liberated from their sacks, they perish as infants. New baby worms will go on being born, of course, as long as there are fecund females still alive.

The adult worms live several years.

Therefore, although a person may have filarial worms in his body, if he is not bitten by any more infected mosquitoes, in time the worms in his body will all die, and he will never develop filarial sickness. It can be seen, then, that it is possible to get rid of the worms with- 33

Pacific Islands Monthly August. 1?44

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IF wp wish in nrntprt ourselves against ~ . . .. , this worm we must attack the mosquite that carries it from man to man Only one mosquito carries the fllanal worm—the common “Aedes,” daybiting mosquito that can easily be recogbed by the white band down the centre of its back, and the white spots on its sides and its legs. It breeds only m small collections of rainwater, such as are found in coconut shells, rotted holes in trees where branches have broken off, in tin cans, bottles, etc. This mosquito can survive drought, because when the water dries up in the coconut shells, the mosquito eggs dry out, too, and remain until the next rain comes. “Aedes” does not breed in streams or pools or in holes in the ground. Nor does it hide in the house, although it may enter the house to take blood. It lurks outside the house in the grass and in the shrubs and bushes nearby. This mosquito may be attacked in two ways: 1. By destroying all containers which might hold rainwater, so that it can find no place to breed. 2. By removing all tall grass, weeds, bushes, shrubs, hedges, etc., from around the hoise, so there is no suitable place for the mosquito to hide.

Although “Aedes” is a bush mosquito, we do not have to worry about the ones found away from settlements, as they cannot carry the worms unless they first take blood from someone who has the baby worms in his blood. The chances of contracting filariasis is many times greater in a village.

Each year more persons in Aitutaki are developing the filarial swellings. Old people say that the sickness is more common now than it was when they were children. This is explained, of course, by the fact that the more people who have the worms the easier it is* for the mosquitoes to pass them to another person.

Persons with swollen limbs may not have any baby worms in their blood— they may have all died. A healthyappearing young adult may have many worms in his blood and infect all the mosquitoes that bite him, and so transmit the disease to others.

Prevention IN Major Knett’s opinion, Filariasis can be removed from Aitutaki (and presumably any infected area) by education of the people as to the cause and the results of such infection by mosquitoes; by a change in living conditions, so that all village sites are kept clean and all breeding-places destroyed; and by yearly blood-testing of the school children, so that cases of Filariasis are caught early and the victim and his parents are instructed what to do.

Cure NO drug or medicine has been discovered to kill the Filaria worms. They die of their own accord in t*wo or three years ancl, if a victim stays away from infected areas, or protects himself from infected mosquitoes, his body will become free of worms, usually within this period.

The treatments for swelling are various.

Expert bandaging will reduce and hold in check the swellings of the leg. This must be continued for the rest of the patient’s lifetime, but the results are well worth while. Not only does it keep the leg a normal size, but prevents the attacks of fever that so often accompany the swelling. Bandaging of swollen arms, however, is not satisfactory.

Swollen testicles may be due to a sack of water around the testicle. In some instances this can be treated by an injection; in other cases, operation is required.

Filarial abscesses can be treated by inserting a hollow needle and removing the pus. This should be done early, before the abscess becomes large.

Rev. W. Green, chairman of the Methodist Mission in Fiji, left the Colony recently for Australia, on six months’ furlough. He is accompanied by Mrs.

Green. During his absence, Mr. W. S.

Pidgeon, of Taveuni, will act in Suva. 34 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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How the Chinese Came to the Marquesas

By “Fae Hoko”

MANY years ago, when taking a stroll in Atuona Valley, on Hiva-Oa Island, home of the once savage Pailsi tribe, I came across an old Chinaman, Ah Foo. He had passed some years in California before coming down to the islands, and he could speak quite a lot of ‘Meniki’ in his own quaint way; and so I was able to draw from him the reasons for coming to islands that, at that time, had quite a reputation as the habitat of ferocious cannibals.

It seems that during the war between the States, Captain Hart, an Englishman, had received large land concessions at Anaho on the island of Nukuhiva and at Tahauku, in Traitors’ Bay, on the island of Hiva-Oa, for the production of Sea Island cotton. But upon his arrival in these islands he had found that there was not sufficient reliable labour to work his plantations, and he had returned to California to recruit Chinese.

Ah Foo had been recommended to the Captain as a good recruiter and, looking into his crafty old face, I could quite understand why he had been chosen. He did his task so well that nothing would suit Hart, but that the old Celestial should go along to the islands as No. 1 labourer. rEY sailed from San Francisco on one of the sailing ships that were at that time running mails and passengers to Tahiti, via Nukuhiva. ’ When they arrived they found at anchor a trading schooner just in from Hiva-Oa Island, and shortly some of the native crew came to visit them. Upon hearing that the destination of the Chinamen was Tahauku, the rascally sailors started working on them with horror stories, giving the poor Chinks terrible accounts —mostly by gestures—of what they might expect from the Hamans and Naikis.

At that time there was a war going on between the Naikis (the tribe living in Atuona Valley immediately to the west of Tahauku) and the Haman tribe (living in the valleys of Punae Hauamate and Hanahehe, just to the east). Thus Hart’s Valley was a sort of “No Man’s Land” between them.

But for the most part their battles were verbal ones, each side vying with the other as to who could hurl the most damaging insults from their respective ridges. Very seldom did they come to close quarters and, from all the information I have been able to gather, most Marquesan tribal wars were fought in this manner; the only casualties occurring when one side or the other sent out a patrol to waylay some straggler in the bush, who would be carried off in great triumph as proof of their resounding victory.

However, the sailors, according to old Ah Foo, so played on the nerves of the labourers that before long, as he put it, “All Chineeman he too much kly, he tellem me, you lookee out you, suppose one Chineeman go make kai-kai kanaka, all Chineeman killum you.”

I asked him what he thought about it all, and his answer was; “Oh, me, too much flaid, me speakee Capinee Hart more better me go back Flisco.”

HART would not hear of his going back, and, as they worked on the plantations, during this period of tribal troubles, Ah Foo said that they could hear the blood-curdling yelps of the warriors on the ridges above—and then all the labourers would work like the devil to keep their minds off the horrible noise. This last piece of information, old Ah Foo told me with a crafty twinkle in his eyes, and I have grave doubts as to the seriousness of the tribal warfare—at least after the arrival of the sons of Cathay on the Tahauku plantations. It certainly served its purpose as an incentive to the labourers to clear "the bush from their valley as quickly as possible; and, as well, any thought of desertion must have seemed to them suicidal.

The Rev. Oliver J. Brady, of the Anglican Mission and Principal of St. Aidan’s Training College, Dogura, Papua, will be leaving in the near future to resume his work after furlough in Australia.

The death of Mr. Frank (“Bill”) Bailey, well known in Nausori, Fiji, occurred in New Zealand on June 22. He was formerly employed on the staff of the CSR Co., at Nausori, but since retiring has been living in the King Country, NZ.

Dr. G. R. Baxter, MOH, and Mr. C. M.

Teulon, Acting Senior Executive Engineer, both of Suva, Fiji, have been appointed official members of the Suva Town Board.

The Yen. Archdeacon A. E. Teall, of the Anglican Mission, who has been in Australia for some months for furlough and medical attention, returned to the New Hebrides about the middle of July.

Mr. H. E. Maude, of the Western High Pacific Commission staff, was recently appointed by the Suva Town Board a trustee of the Fiji Museum. 35 PACIFIC ISLANBS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1544

G I L L E S PI E’S The Flour TRADE MARK of the Islands - SYD NEY - AUNT MARYS

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Nautical Interludes

Tripping On The

"VAI"

The Launch With the Reputation BY “AMEL” rE sun was fast disappearing. The western sky was tinged a faint pink, and the rugged mountains looked black against it as the “Vai” sped past the tiny rocky isle at the mouth of the Yanawai River and followed a line of beacons to the blue water outside.

Many people, in Fiji and in Australia, perhaps still have memories of the “Vai” -r-the large, fast launch belonging to the Mount Kasi Mining Co. —and some of those memories will be far from sweet.

For the “Vai” has the reputation of being a lively so-and-so of a boat. And she usually lives up to it.

But on this particular evening she was behaving very well, for the sea was like a meadow pond. On a seat in the cockpit, a sick child, who was being rushed to the hospital at Na Bauto, lay wrapped in blankets. It slept fitfully, watched by its mother. But when it awoke and whimpered, it called for its father, who hurried down to gather the child in his arms and hush it to sleep again.

The sun had gone now, and, in a short while, darkness was closing in. Out of the dimness up forrard came the captain’s gruff voice speaking to us: “We will lose a lot of time if we drop you at your place to-night. Would you mind coming on to Savu Savu, and I will bring you back early to-morrow?”

We agreed, with inward qualms. There would be darkness, as black as pitch, no beacons or landmarks visible to guide us, the lighthouse was blacked-out and the course beset with hundreds of reefs. Only the rising tide was in our favour. For the rest, we had to depend on Waisake’s compass, his clock and his instinct. His instinct was probably the most reliable of the three. rE “Vai” went on into the inky pall without slackening speed. We talked with Enoke, the father of the sick child. A Fijian NMP, trained at the Suva Medical School, he remembered Dr. Lambert well, and above the roar of the “Vai’s” engine he waxed enthusiastic about the “Yankee Doctor in Paradise.”

“I read it twice,” he said simply. “And my wife read it, too. We liked it.”

Occasionally a faint glow in the wheelhouse illuminated Waisake’s impassive face as he consulted his navigating instruments. After making mysterious calculations, he decided we had better alter course. So the launch swerved to avoid an invisible reef, and we went merrily on our way. Having seen the course in daylight, and knowing the number of reefs we were avoiding, my heart nearly failed me..

When the “Vai” finally drew alongside the wharf at Savu Savu, I could only feel thankful that the compass had hot dithered, the clock had not stopped, and Waisake’s instinct had not failed him.

It was an amazing fun of luck—but too good to last. rE next morning, two miles out of Nakama, heading for home, we ran into a fine southerly breeze and a beam sea which gave the “Vai” a chance to show what she really could do.

She met the first waves with a whoop, threw them over herself and tried to imitate a porpoise. Failing this, she did her famous roll, which is startling, even to the initiated. She teetered on the crest of a wave, then, with a reckless lurch, she was over! I breathed a silent prayer, and my past went by in a flash.

Tom removed his hat and got a firmer grip with his toe-nails.

What a relief to find, three seconds later, that Waisake was still caressing the wheel, the deck-hand’s snoring was undisturbed, and that the “Vai” had somehow returned to normal!

“Take it easy!” I said, hoarsely. “The first five hundred are the worst. This is only the ‘Vai’ upholding her reputation!”

The Rev. Frere T. Lane

Dies In Brisbane

rE Rev. Prere T. Lane, of the New Guinea Anglican Mission, and wellknown in that area, died suddenly at the end of July.

He was formerly stationed at Menapi with his wife, until the women were evacuated in October, 1942. Mr. Lane stayed on at Menapi, but came south early in 1944 for a much needed furlough. He was waiting in Brisbane for a steamer to take him back to New Guinea when he suffered a slight attack of influenza, but his condition did not cause any anxiety.

Later, on arrival at St. Martin’s Hospital, some internal trouble caused his sudden collapse.

At the time, Mrs. Lane was also in Brisbane awaiting passage to New Guinea. 36 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Sgt. Robert GEMMELL-SMITH, RAF, formerly on CSR Co.’s staff, FIJI. Reported prisoner of war in Bengasi, Libya, in November, 1942.

W/O.n V. M. I. GORDON, A IF, formerly of Wau, TNG. Reported prisoner of war after Malayan campaign.

Pte. W. GOSSNER, AIF Infantry, formerly of the BNG Development Co., Port Moresby. Papua.

Reported prisoner of war, Sulmona, Italy, 6/7/1941.

J. P. GOUZENE, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Blr Hacheim. Reported POW, May, 1944.

W/OI A. N. GRAY, AIF, formerly of Rabaul, TNG. Reported prisoner of war.

Chief-Sergeant Francois GRISCELLI, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing in Libya in April. Formerly of New Caledonia.

Reported POW, May, 1944.

Lieut. J. M. HARCOURT, 2nd NZEF, son of Mr. H. W. Harcourt, formerly Deputy Treasurer in Fiji. Reported “captured in Libya and now prisoner of war’’, March, 1942.

Squadron-Leader Godfrey HEMSWORTH, of the RAAF, formerly a well-known commercial pilot in Morobe, TNG. Reported missing after an operational flight against the Japanese in the New Guinea area and presumed killed in action. Reported prisoner of war in Japanese hands in October, 1943.

S. D. C. KERKHAM, NZEF, son of Mr. R. C.

Kerkham, Suva, Fiji. Reported prisoner of war in September, 1942.

Lieut. JEFF KILNER, NGVR. Believed prisoner of war in Japan.

Gnr. A. L. B. KING, AIF artillery, of Rabaul, TNG. Reported prisoner of war, 29/7/1941.

Lieut. G. G. KINNER, New Guinea Forces, formerly of Rabaul. Reported prisoner of war.

Paul KLEIN, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported POW.

Nura LETHEIZER, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported POW.

Major E. G. A. LETT, of the East Surrey Regiment, and son of Mr. Lewis Lett, of Port Moresby, Papua. Reported prisoner of war in Libya.

P/O J. LXETKE, RAAF, formerly of Labasa, Fiji. Reported prisoner of war In Germany, 1943.

A/Cpl. John H. LONERGAN, AIF, Supply and Transport, of New Guinea. Reported prisoner of war at Corinthia, Italy, 8/7/1941.

Pte. Ernest ("Paddy”) McGEADY, NZEF, son of Mrs. J. McGeady, of Suva, Fiji. Reported "missing, believed killed”, after fighting In Libya, January, 1942; reported prisoner of war m Italy, April, 1942.

Cpl. J. H. L. McGUIGAN, of the Field Ambulance, AIF, formerly of the Public Health Department, New Guinea. Officially reported missing at Singapore; 'unofficially reported a prisoner in Japanese hands. Reported prisoner of war in Malaya, May 24, 1943.

Observer Alex. McKAY, of the RAAF, formerly of the CSR Co.’s staff, at Penang sugar-mill, Fiji. Reported missing, 27/7/1941; reported prisoner oi war in Italy, 26/10/1941.

Pte. Harry MARCHINGTON, of the NZ Forces, formerly of Fiji. Reported prisoner of war after Battle of Crete, 2/12/1941.

Pte. F. C. MAYO, AIF, formerly of New Guinea. Reported a prisoner of war.

Camille MERCIER, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Blr Hacheim. Reported POW, May, 1944.

Lieut. Jean MILLIARD, of French Artillery.

Formerly of N. Caledonia. POW in Germany since fall of France, June, 1940.

Emile MILLOT, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting Prance. Taken prisoner in battle of Blr Hacheim (Libya).

Pte. J. F. MORRELL, formerly of TNG. Reported missing believed prisoner of war, June 1, 1944.

Sgt. NAGLE, of French Colonial Infantry; formerly of N. Caledonia. POW in Germany since fall of France in June, 1940.

Pte. J. G. NEWTON, AIF, formerly of Papua.

Reported prisoner of war, June, 1944.

Henri PAYONNE, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Blr Hacheim. Later reported POW, Italy. Later escaped and rejoined FF forces.

Pte. G. S. O’BRYAN, NZEF, formerly of Rarotonga, Cook Is. Missing after battle of Crete; now reported prisoner of war in Germany.

Gaetan OLLIVAUD, of French Colonial Infantry, formerly of N. Caledonia. POW in Germany since fall of Prance, June, 1940.

Eugene POGNON, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported POW.

Pte. D. R. PHILLIPS, ALP engineers, formerly of Bulwa, 'TNG. Reported prisoner of war June, 1942.

A/Bdr. L. J. SMEETON, AIF, formerly of Rabaul, TNG. Reported prisoner of war In Malayan campaign.

Pte. John O. SMITH, of the NZ Forces, son of Captain Arthur Smith, of the Fiji inter-island vessel "Tul Kauvaro”. Missing after battle of Crete, May, 1941; reported prisoner of war in Germany, 21/10/1941.

Squadron-Leader L. C. SHOPPEE, DSO, 37

Honour Roll

(Continued from Inside Back Cover) PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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Mendaco Now in 2 sizes 6/- and 12/- FUEL CONTROLLER i it r RAF, formerly of Edle Creek, New Guinea. Was in Java during Japanese invasion: now known to be a prisoner of war.

Gnr. D. M. SPENCE, A3P, formerly of Port Moresby. Reported prisoner of war after Malayan campaign.

LAC Charles SOLLITT, of the RAAF (wireless operator), son of Mr. and Mrs. C. H.

Sollitt, of Nausori, Fiji. Reported missing after air operations in New Guinea, January, 1942; later, March, 1942, reported rescued from sea by Japanese—now prisoner of war.

Pte. Fred SWAN, NZ Army Medical Corps, formerly of Apia, Western Samoa. Missing after Battle of Crete, August, 1941; reported prisoner of war in Germany, November, 1941.

Repatriated from a German prison camp to NZ in 1944.

Signalman J. C. E. SWINBOURNE, 6th Div.

Signals, A IF, formerly of Fiji and the Gilbert & Ellice Islands Colony. Taken prisoner at Crete, June, 1941, now in prison camp at Stalag, VILA, Germany.

Lieut. CLIFF WARREN, of NZEF, serving In the Middle East, and formerly of Morris Hedstrom Ltd.’s staff at Ba and Lautoka, Fiji. Reported prisoner of war.

Mjr. N. WATCH, formerly Dr. Watch, of Rabaul, missing after Japanese invasion of Rabaul. Believed prisoner of war in Japan. Now reported POW in Japan.

Gnr. D. S. WHITCOMBE, NZEF, formerly of Fiji and Tonga. Wounded in Crete and reported prisoner of war in Germany.

Pte, John D. WHITCOMBE, of the NZ Forces, formerly of Levuka, Fiji. Reported prisoner of war in Germany, November, 1941.

Where Did Shark-Eye Park

Get His Name?

By R. A. Vivian

IT is difficult to say to-day how the Papuan prospector, Bill Park, the discoverer of the Morobe goldfield, earned the sobriquet of “Shark-eye.”

Bill Park had kindly brown eyes, while those of sharks are slate-coloured, as a rule. Perhaps it was because he had a lean, hungry look—although actually a most bashful chap.

Billy was slightly built, about 10i stone in weight and 5 feet 8 inches tall. If possible, he preferred to move about with unlaced, heavy boots. In the bush he was also no light dancer—certainly no Red Indian.

He was in his glory with the use of the great Australian adjective. It cropped up in nearly every one of his sentences. On one occasion, when he was introduced to a Sydney magnate and was asked by him how he was, Billy said he felt fine; then added cheerfully, “How’s your b self?”

It has been remarked how light in weight these old-time miners were, in spite of several of them being big-framed men. It is to be doubted whether Matt Crowe, 6 feet 4 inches in height, weighed even 12 stone; he being all big bones and gristle. The Pryke brothers were more stockily built, and looked their weights of 12 stone.

Anfong the smaller type of digger, figured Bill Ivory and Arthur Darling, the latter being a Canadian, and being wall-eyed, which made him a wonderful rifle shot.

It was Darling who made the first valiant attempt to locate what afterwards became the Morobe goldfield, by surreptitiously entering German territory and, in 1908, went up the Markham River in a whaleboat. But at a certain point on the river he was attacked by natives and speared. He had to retreat, despite the fact that his native crew also were armed with shotguns.

From the time (1903) when pennyweight slugs of gold were found in Fish Creek, it was realised definitely that on the head-waters of the Waria River, and beyond, was an El Dorado. It was left for Bill Park, about 15 years later, to place it on the map. 38 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Alice In Angauland

An Attempt to Explain the Inexplicable BY "W” - WITH APOLOGIES TO THE MEMORY OF LEWIS CARROLL ALICE’S Magic Plane landed at Moresby, and she was met by the Truthful Spirit, a form shadowy and tenuous, made of something like ectoplasm.

Alice was a bit scared at first, but was reassured when she saw the Spirit’s tools of trade —namely, a little hatchet and a half-cut-down cherry-tree.

“Winnie Churchill told me to come out here and see what you are doing about the Nugins,” she said, pleasantly. “He wants to know if you are applying the Four Freedoms, and British justice, to them. He was quite angry at my last report!”

“Gracious, child! Don’t blame me for what’s happened! I’m the real Truth; the proper one to take the blame is the Kangaroo!” replied the Spirit, as he chipped a bit off the cherry-tree with his little hatchet.

“Well, are the poor Nugins back yet in their homes here?” queried Alice, anxiously.

“A few planters have been allowed back, and so have the missionaries, including ladies,” replied the Spirit. “We have also had many visitors here from Australia —politicians and officials, and even some lady visitors. All had a most pleasant trip. Everything was arranged nicely for them, and they had none of the difficulties that the ordinary Nugins had when they lived here!” The Spirit gave a reminiscent shake of his head.

“They were taken by plane over the mountains, and thus were able to see the country over which the old Nugins had to travel per boot in the old days, when they hadn’t an Army, nor an Army’s transport and commissariat, behind them.

But. of course, no one ever heard of that, so it didn’t matter much! They saw the fever-swamps through which the Nugins had to trek, with the nearest doctor a fortnight or three weeks away!”

“ A NYBODY knows that, if they think a little!” citied Alice, impatiently.

“I want to mow if the Nugins are back in their homes yet?” .

“Well, you the Spirit, “some few selected ones are; but we haven’t yet allowed, say, the wives of planters to return. Frankly, I don’t know why: you see, I’m Truth, and I am emphatically not a politician. They are the only people who know why. But many people are beginning to form theories!”

“But I don’t understand!” said Alice.

“If lady missionaries have returned, why not the wives of planters? And why not the other men and women of the country? What are these theories you speak of?”

“Why, my child, some Nugins and others think that ANGAU is on too good a thing to let go its hold very easily,” said the Truthful One. “For example, ANGAU has the monopoly of trading with the natives; and many people believe that the natives are being exploited by being charged much more for their trade goods than they would be by private enterprise.”

“I must make some notes for Winnie Churchill!” cried Alice, as she brought out a huge pocket-book and a pencil. “Go on, please!”

“Then, again, you see, ANGAU, by keeping the Nugins out, is able to use their properties for trading, or for the use of the soldiers, without paying for them. Someone suspended all leases (I don’t know if that was legal or not) and therefore ANGAU holds that no rent is payable to anybody for its use of their property!”

“But that’s robbery!” cried Alice, aghast. “Do you mean to tell me that this horrible ANGAU. or whatever you call it, stops people from coming back to their homes, and seizes their property without any recompense?” child!” said Truth, sadly. “But X there’s worse than that! Some men owned small plantations, which thev had planted to provide a competency for themselves in later life. ANGAU has passed some of them over to the care of larger nlantations, and all expenses have to be paid by the owner, even though he could do the work more cheaply himself.

If the expenses are greater ,than the income, for any reason , a lien is held on the property by ANGAU, and if this is not satisfied, the owner loses his property!”

Alice looked startled. “If ever Winnie Churchill hears about this ” she began, but the Spirit interrupted her.

“I have heard of a case where a man was planting up some small acreage with rubber or somesuch. He was evacuated with all the rest; and, while in Sydney, he was notified by ANGAU that it was estimated that it would cost £5OO per annum to upkeep the place, mainly weeding, etc., and they suggested he 39 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1944

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Bankers: Bank of New Sooth Wales. should pay them monthly ir> advance, £4O a month, for this work. He was earning only a few pounds a week down there in Sydney.

“Under the terms on which some planters were allowed to return, such a man could easily lose his plantation, if he didn’t pay up. They’d simply allow the debt to accumulate, until the place was swamped in debt, and then grab the lot!”

Alice started to weep. “The whole thing is wicked!” she sobbed. “A man’s lifework gone in a flash like that! And you say the politicians are to blame for such an awful state of things?”

MANY Nugins believe that the politicians and the ANGAU section-of the Army are working in together in this matter,” said the Spirit, gravely.

“You see, the Minister for the Army spoke over the wireless and said that Civil Administration would soon be restored in a large part of this land, and that ANGAU would be removed elsewhere!”

Alice brightened up, on hearing this.

But the Spirit continued: “However, when the Minister for this land returned to Kangaroo-land after a visit here, that was all wiped out, and everything seems to have been postponed indefinitely!

“There have been dark whispers that a new Administration will be set up, with someone from Canberra as Administrator, who will be simply a rubber stamp for the Canberra Experimentalists!”

Alice opened her eyes wide. “What do you mean by Experimentalists?”

The Spirit felt the edge of his little hatchet, as he replied, solemnly: “There is to be a Referendum over extra powers in Kangaroo-land; and many people think that if these powers are granted, then the politicians will use Angauland simply as a huge experiment in Socialism. You see. by squashing all the little men, only the big companies remain here; then the politicians use that as an argument for the abolition of what they would then call monopolies, and would introduce legislation resulting in the socialisation of Angauland, as the first step towards its introduction into Kangaroo land! ”

“THEN you think that the .politicians M. never had any intention of allowing the Nugins back until this Referenafter that? PoSSibly not f ° r a long time “It certainly looks like it, to many people, said the Spirit. “There cannot be any military reason for stopping the ueoplefrom returning, seeing that women have been allowed to go back. It can for po i tical rea sons. To bolster up their case, the politicians have, thrown smo £ e “ scree n over the position a lo V of untrue twaddle about indentured native labour. But most Nugms believe this is only camouflage l ”

T was so incensed, that she would not stay to hear any more sh7mn r t^ edoms ' , and Brltish justice!” she muttered savagely, as she entered her Ma,gic Plane. “We’ll see how all this fits Winnie Churchill’s speeches, when flew t Sfl Eng,and! " And she ind *- Permits to Enter or Reside in BSI A SPECIAL regulation, gazetted on " ~6 > Provides for the issue of IslanSfSJS H ent . er the British Solomon Se therein OT e ' f ° r Permlts to No person other than a native mav enter or reside in the Protectorate withhu? to P d 0 •!?’ ? ny person wish- -It“° ®?A er or reside in the BSI must pply 6 *i he r the Resident Commissioner, Mr. Owen Cyril Noel, or to the Secretary of the Western Pacific High Commission, in Suva, Fiji Applicants must give, in writing, name age residence and occupation and set out fully the S protictorate linS t 0 enter ° r The Resident Commissioner may in his permH^hf o " l refuse to Sto 0 he may grant either under conditions set by himself. hnf P ? are valid for one month but may be renewed at the EC’s discreurosecnHnn 1S n in the regulation for prosecution of those entering without permission and for deportation of anyone issuld P Whom a de P or ‘ation orde?“ New Guinea's Lost Records Canberra Acts After 2½ Years AFTER a lapse of 2i years, the Commonwealth Government has at last done something about the statistical records of the Mandated Territory of New Gumea that were lost when the Japanese invaded the Territory.

During the invasion period, all records —including those of births, deaths and marriages—were lost. This caused trouble and inconvenience to many Territorians; but, although Canberra promised action on several occasions, nothing was done until August 14 of this year. Regulations issued on that date, under the National Security Act, authorise the opening of duplicate registers and the entry in them under certain conditions, of such particulars as may reasonably be presumed to have been entered in the lost registers. 40 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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I rro in Tmc sr.Ti or victoniai GfNfMl Off ICfS AND FABRICATION DIVISION: GRANV rL L f. 5fON f r, N.i.W Men Who Made the Pacific New Booklet Supplies Background A DEPARTURE from his usual Maori history, is a small volume of “Strange Stories Prom the South Seas,” by Eric Ramsden, published by A H. & A. W. Reed, of Wellington, NZ, for 2/6.

The “Stories” are 18 in number and cover the whole length and breadth of the Pacific, introducing such well-known Pacific characters as Gauguin, the famous French painter of Tahiti; Will Mariner, of Tonga; William Masters, who founded a new colony on Palmerston Island . . . and many more not so well known but who played their part in fashioning the romantic Pacific.

Pirates, missionaries, traders, whalers, sailors stalk through the pages, supplying the background for life on many islands where to-day United Nations troops have been fighting the Japanese. To these Servicemen, this small book is specially recommended. Although one of the most romantic regions of the world, authentic material about the Pacific and its recent past, is sadly lacking.

These brief sketches, brightly written and easy to read, collected by Eric Ramsden after years of delving into all manner of Pacific records and writings in the Mitchell Library, Sydney, and many wanderings in Polynesia, should find a place in the kit of every Serviceman in the Pacific area; and, too, a place in the bookshelves of any collector of Pacific tales.

Here is a condensation of one of the stories, concerning Pere Laval, the mad priest of Mangareva: rE French priest was already middleaged. To conquer fresh fields might well have been left to younger men.

But Pere Laval could not get the Mangarevans out of his mind and at last he announced to his colleagues that he had had a vision: he had received divine instructions to convert these islands. And in 1834, with a young priest, Pere Caret, as his companion, he landed in the Gambiers. When Laval knelt on that Polynesian strand and returned thanks for his safe journey, the Mangarevans thought he was a great magician from another country. The cross, held aloft, was the symbol of a new magic.

The youthful Caret attracted the attention of the young women. Polynesians in those days always treated visitors with a certain hospitality and most travellers did not hesitate to avail themselves of it. But the French priest, to their surprise, repulsed the girls. At last, the latter subjected him to an examination, which so terrified him he fled from the small island where he was residing, and rejoined his superior, Laval.

The Mangarevans were astounded at such conduct. The idea of celibacy was beyond them.

At first the priests encountered considerable opposition, but by degrees Laval obtained political control of the Group.

Further, he determined that on every marae site would rise a Christian church.

Laval, cross in hand, faced the gigantic stone images. And when the Mangarevans saw that the representations of their gods had no power over the white stranger, they capitulated. Surely his god, they argued, was more powerful than their own. Down came the statues. The marvellous platforms of stone and coral were uprooted, and Laval started a building plan that was to occupy both himself and the islanders for many years.

The price that was paid was one of the most appalling in the history of European contact in Polynesia. Literally hundreds of people died, because they were quite unaccustomed to the labour demanded and the work enforced by Laval. Great blocks of stone were brought from adjacent islands to construct a cathedral three times larger than that in Tahiti.

Buildings larger than the Santa Barbara Mission in California, arose.

Laval even established a convent for Polynesian girls—warm-blooded vahine who were unaccustomed to being confined behind stone walls. Stories are still told in Mangareva about that convent.

So the people laboured for the “mad priest,” and, at last, the great cathedral was finished. On its altar gleamed the most prized pearl of King Te Ma-puteoa.

That blue pearl eventually found its way into the Pope’s collection: it is said to be still in Rome. Weighing 50 carats, it has been described as “blue as the skies.”

There was also a necklace of black pearls adorning the Madonna, on the right of the altar.

FOR some years, the Gamblers were almost forgotten by the French, and Laval had his own way. But, at last, rumours of the eccentric behaviour of the priest trickled through to Tahiti and an ofiicial was sent to investigate.

He was amazed at what he found.

When he questioned the priest concerning the heavy death-rate, Laval replied that it was better that the souls of the Mangarevans should be saved than that they should remain alive as heathens.

Prisoners were liberated from the gaol —among them a small boy and girl whose only fault was that they had laughed during Mass.

Laval was removed to Tahiti and only 41

Pacific Islands Monthly— A U G U S T , Iffia

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Western Pacific and protect the Japanese armies in Indonesia and South-east Asia; or he must withdraw from the Netherlands Indies, South-east Asia, Philippines and South-west Pacific, It was apparent that Japan, lacking air cover, dare not send out her fleet.

The logical outcome of that situation—the northwards withdrawal of the Japs—did not happen—in fact, it actually has not happened yet. Why?

XT is all a matter of face. Tokio X could not bear the thought of withdrawing from the newly-won Empire, and thus acknowledging defeat to the members of the precious “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.”

Ever since December, 1941, Japan has been driving the conquered peoples of Indonesia and South-east Asia into the “Sphere”—a set-up which, according to Tokio, is to be a sort of League in which all Asiatic nations will enjoy absolute equality and resist European exploitation; but which actually is a group of terrified peoples brought together under the Japanese whip, for ruthless exploitation by Japan.

The nations already in the “Sphere” are Japan, Puppet China, Manchuria, Thailand and Burma; and the nations being “prepared” for inclusion are Philippines, Indo-China, Malaya and Netherlands Indies. For two years, more than 200,000,000 people were told that Japan is their friend and the mistress of the world. Somewhat difficult, after that, to go into reverse!

But it has to be done. Japan’s only hope of saving anythihg out of the wreck of her dreams is to withdraw her forces from all places southward of Indo-China, where they are being bled white, and concentrate them for a last-ditch stand in defence of the home-land.

The choice was plain. Either save the face of Mr. Tojo by hanging on in Indonesia and elsewhere, and hoping that Japan’s far-flung forces might not be trapped; or sack Mr.

Tojo, with face besmirched, and get ready for the northwards march.

And so Tokio said “Good-bye” to the calamitous Mr. Tojo. A new Cabinet has taken charge. Tokio Radio, in the best Goebbels style, says the newcomers will organise for victory the indomitable will of a united people, whose destiny it is to control the world.

TF the new Cabinet can see a chance of doing something spectacular, to demonstrate the Son of Heaven’s inflexible will to conquer, that will be done. But the facts of the present situation, read against the background of events since Pearl Harbour, indicate that the course of things, in the next few months, will be something like this: • The Japanese will concentrate available forces to hamper and delay the American plan of occupying all four southern Marianas (Saipan, Guam, Tinian and Rota), and establishing there a base from which it would be possible to attack either the Philippines or Japan itself. • Meanwhile, the Japanese will begin withdrawal from the Netherlands Indies, because they realise that, if the Americans get a footingin the Philippines, they will cut off all Japanese sea-borne communications with the Netherlands Indies and Malaya. • Japan will put every ounce of energy she has behind an attempt to make the “Co-Prosperity Sphere” fight. So far, the “Sphere” has been mostly hot air. But, if the people of Philippines, Indo-China, Malaya and South-east China can be induced to rally around the Japanese, and fight against the Americans, British and Dutch, Japanese face may be saved, anfl Japan (says Tokio) might yet be permitted to hang on to some part of her stolen Empire. • Meanwhile, far-reaching and drastic steps will be taken to prepare the islands of Japan itself to resist invasion. Plans will be made for the most effective use of the Japanese Navy, within the waters of Japan itself; and Japanese industrial strength will be concentrated upon the creation of an Air Force designed and trained specially to guard the shores of Japan and South-east China.

In a sentence: A new Cabinet has been brought in, so that Japan, without unendurable loss of face, can abandon the no-longer-defendable Empire of Mr. Tojo and Admiral Yamamoto, and can make adequate preparations for the defence of the Japanese home country—in cooperation with the “Co-Prosperity” peoples, if possible.

Mrs. Adelaide Clark, mother of Mr Hugh Clark, of Cable & Wireless, Ltd, Suva, Fiji, died in Suva on June 26, at the age of 76. in later years was he permitted to make a visit to Mangareva.

To-day, the convent is a roofless ruin.

Breadfruit, orange and pandanus trees grow within its walls. That is all that remains of the building that housed the first community of Polynesian nuns.

There are other ruins, too, in the Spanish city Laval attempted to create. Only a handful of people attend worship nowadays in the cathedral.

PROFESSOR Peter H. Buck, of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu, says that although the priest accelerated the mortality that followed in the wake of civilisation, all students of Polynesian history should be grateful for the records he left of Mangarevan traditions and culture. After teaching the people to write, he induced them to record, in their own language, their history, mythology, rituals and customs.

These, plus Laval’s own observations, remained in the archives of Laval’s Order (Picpus Order, in Belgium); but, by cooperation between the Bishop Museum and the Order, they have now been published. 42 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Good-Bye, Mr. Tojo !

5 E SO s LOTI For Inflamed Eyaa and EyaUda

Sold Everywhere

H A. FU»a Sl Ca. rty. Ltd., Klm St., Syrfnay Your old SCISSORS, RAZORS and KNIVES can be SHARPENED and REPAIRED L_3 n Send them to— W. JNO. BAKER SS: 3 HUNTER STREET.

SYDNEY.

CHARLES MUIR (Eastern) EXPORT GO.

SYDNEY

Export Agents And

MANUFACTURERS AJC & OK Jams, Canned Fruits, Sauces, Asparagus, etc.

EEZEE Washing Blue in Bags, also Paper Wrapped—Baking Powder, Custard Powder, Jelly Crystals, etc.

SUNGLO Pickles, Chutney, Honey, Fruit Cordials, Jams in Glass Jars, Canned Vegetables, etc.

Wines, Spirits, Beers.—

“Juberry,” “Royalty,” “Aulcle Acquaintance,” “Private Seal”

Brands, etc.

IN SUGAR BAGS.—Pearl Barley, Oatmeal, Rolled Oats, etc.

We Specialise in All Kinds of Food Products. Enquiries Invited Through Your Usual Channels.

Phones: B 2279. FA 2703.

FX 4515 (Factory).

Cable Address: MUIR—SYDNEY.

I \ 4? jfsaanc

Usa And The

ISLANDS Future of the Mandates "THERE are three Mandated Territories in the Pacific-New Guinea, Western Samoa and the Caroline, Marshall and Mariana Islands. The United States now holds most of the latter, and will continue to do so.

But what of the other Mandated Territories? The following, published recently by “The Argus,” Melbourne, from its New York Correspondent, suggests interesting possibilities. See ■also article on page 3. rpHE United States, after the first World 1 War. tried to have the Caroline, Marshall, Mariana, and Samoan Islands returned to Germany so that it could then bargain with Germany for their outright acquisition, says the United Press Washington correspondent.

The proposal, which was made to the Peace Conference by the American representatives, came to nought, and the Islands were mandated to Japan.

The plan for returning the islands was published recently in State Department papers relating to the Paris Peace Conference, but was overlooked because of the vast amount of other material simultaneously released for publication.

Mr. Breckinridge Long, Assistant Secretary of State under President Wilson, was the author of the plan. He sent it to Paris with instructions to convey it, with its “very confidential thoughts,” to Colonel House, then acting as adviser to Wilson.

Long suggested that if USA took up the position during the Peace Conference that some of the islands should be returned to Germany she could, after the Peace Conference was adjourned, come to some arrangement with Germany to transfer the Marianas, Carolines, Yap, the Palau Islands, and the Samoan Group to USA.

If a war indemnity were obtained from Germany, Mr. Long said, the payment of it might be offset by the transfer of these.

The United Press correspondent adds that the proposal has been "brought to light to-day, as American officials are agreed that those Pacific Islands must be kept by USA after the war. They are concerned with searching for a way to reconcile such acquisition with the pledges of the Atlantic Charter and the Cairo Declaration against territorial expansion.

Pitcairn Government

APPOINTMENTS THE annual elections held in Pitcairn Island have resulted in the various Government offices, for 1944, being filled as follows: Chief Magistrate: Mr. Parkin Christian.

Assessors: Mr. Christie Warren; Mr.

Warren Christian.

Chairman of Internal Committee: Mr.

Theodore Young.

Government appointments for the same period were; Members of the Internal Committee; Melville Christian; Mr. Henry Young.

Police Constables: Mr. Vernon Young; Mr. Virgil Christian.

It was announced in the Gazette of the Western Pacific High Commission for June 6 that Captain R. S. Taylor, Chief Wireless Officer of the BSI Protectorate, died on May 1.

Papua's Education System Defence of the Missions' Record IN reply to certain statements made in a letter to the editor, by “RHF.” published in July, on the subject of “Government or Mission Education in Papua?”, in which the record of the mission schools was criticised, we have received a flood of correspondence, for which it is impossible to find space.

This journal does not subscribe to the anti-mission opinions of “RHF.'’ But that writer represents a school of thought, which is entitled—like everyone else—to express its views in these pages.

The following are points from some of the letters received.

Rev. John W. Burton (Methodist Overseas Missions) agrees that it should be possible for the Government to greatly extend the education system, for the good of the Papuan natives: but he cannot understand why ANGAU should be given the task of inaugurating a new system.

That, surely, should be the duty of a restored Civil Administration, endowed with larger funds than the pre-war Administration ever knew.

Rev. Maurice Nixon, of the London Missionary Society, says that much of the Papuans’ good war record is due to the sound, good training of the Missions’ schools: that secular instruction was not displaced, to any degree, by religious instruction: that it was the missionaries who reduced some of the Papuan language to writing and made education possible; that very remarkable progress was made, considering the language difficulties and the limited school hours: that there were no sterner critics of the Papuan education service (handicapped by lack of funds and facilities) than the missionaries themselves; and that the missionaries, out of a half-century’s practical experience, have much to contribute to an extended education plan, and should be consulted.

The Fiji Indian War Effort Committee has sent to the Governor of Fiji, Sir Phillip Mitchell, a cheque for £367, to be forwarded to India for the Viceroy’s War Purposes Fund. The Committee asked that the donation be applied to the relief of famine sufferers in Bengal.

An epidemic of dengue fever and gastric influenza occurred in Apia and the country districts of Western Samoa in early July. Though not dangerous, the epidemic incapacitated numbers of office workers and put whole families on the sick list. 43 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1544

Copra (PMS Grade) .. ..

Copra (Plantation Grade) Coconut Charcoal, per ton Copra Sacks, each .

Kerosene, per gal Flour, per sack .. ..

Flour, 5 lb. . . .

Sharps, per sack Sharps, 5 lb Barbed Wire .. ..

Pearl Shell, per ton ..

Beche-de-mer (best quality) about Beche-de-mer (raw fish) about lb Turtle Hooves, per lb. lb. .. 6d. .... 4d.

COPRA South Sea, Plantation, Sun-dried : Hot-air Dried.

London to London Rabaul Price on- Per ton, c.i.f.

Per ton. c.i.f.

January 1, 1932 . . £14 0 0 £14 15 0 June 17 . £13 2 6 £13 5 0 December 16 .. £14 2 6 £14 5 0 January 6, , 1933 £13 0 0 £13 12 6 June 30 . £10 17 6 £11 0 0 December 1 .. £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5 , 1934 . . £8 0 0 £8 7 6 June 15 . £8 0 0 £8 12 6 December 28 .. £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4, 1935 £9 5 0 £10 5 0 June 7 ., £11 15 0 £12 7 6 December 6 . . £12 17 6 £14 0 0 South Sea South Sea Plantation Smoked to Genoa Sun-dried Hot-air Dried London and Marseilles. to London.

Rabaul.

Price on— Per ton, ( c.i.f.

Per ton, c.i.f.

Per ton. c.i.f.

Jan. 3, ’36 £13 2 6 £13 15 0 £14 0 0 Mar. 6 . . £11 15 0 £12 15 0 £13 0 0 June 5 £11 10 0 £12 0 0 £12 17 0 Sept. 4 . £13 2 6 £13 10 0 £14 12 8 Dec. 4 £19 7 6 £19 7 8 £20 7 1 Jan. 8, ’37 £22 12 6 £22 12 6 £22 12 6 Mar. 5 . £19 0 0 £19 5 0 £20 0 0 June 4 £15 15 0 £15 12 6 £16 12 « Sept. 3 . £13 5 0 £13 5 0 £14 0 0 Dec. 3 £12 10 0 £12 12 6 £13 7 8 Jan. 7. ’38 £12 12 6 £12 15 0 £13 12 8 Mar. 4 £10 17 6 £11 0 0 £12 0 8 June 3 £9 15 0 £9 15 0 £10 12 8 Sept. 2 . £9 10 0 £9 10 0 £10 10 0 Dec. 2 £9 5 0 £9 5 0 £10 2 8 Jan. 6, ’39 £9 12 6 £0 15 0 £10 10 8 Feb. 3 . £9 10 0 £9 12 6 £10 10 0 Mar. 3 . £10 0 0 £10 2 6 £11 0 0 Apr. 6 £9 12 6 £9 15 0 £10 12 8 Maj 5 . £10 0 0 £10 5 0 £11 0 0 June 2 £10 7 6 £10 10 0 £11 7 8 July 7 . £9 2 6 £9 7 8 £10 9 0 Aug. 4 £9 2 6 £9 5 0 £10 5 0 Sept. 1 , £9 10 0 £9 12 6 £10 12 8 Sept. 8.—Not quoted—outbreak of war.

Sept. 15 to 29.— •Not quoted.

Oct. 6 . . £11 15 0 [unquoted] £12 15 8 Oct. 12.— -Fixed price based on £12/7/6 per ton. c.i.f., London, for plantation hot-air dried.

Jan. 8, 1940, to April 20, 1940.—Fixed price for plantation hot-air dried, £13/5/- per ton. c.i.f..

London.

Emperor Mines .

FIJI Mid-June. .. bll/- Mid-July. bll/- Mid-Aug. bll/- Loloma bl8/6 bl9/6 Mt. Kasi bl/3 bl/3 bl/7 Bulolo G.D

New Guinea

• • b90/- b90/b90 - Guinea Gold Sll/blO/11 N.G.G.. Ltd .. b2/l% b2/4 b2/l Vz Oil Search b4/b4/9 Placer Dev ... b66/3 b66/3 b(j6/3 Sandy Creek ... .. sl/6 bl/2 bl/2 Sunshine Gold . .. b6/b6/9 b7/9 Cuthbert’s PAPUA bl3/5 bl3/g Mandated Alluvials s4/3 b4/6 s5 - Orlomo Oil ...... bl/8 b2/- Papuan Aplnaipl . b4/s4/s3/6 Vodda Goldfields bl/9 N.Q.

N.Q.

RUBBER Plantation London Para.

Smoked.

Price on— per lb. per lb.

January 6, 1933 . 4%d .. 2.43d July 7 3.71d December 8 .. . 4%d .. 4.0%<6 January 5, 1934 . 4‘Ad .. 4.28d July 6 7.06d December 28 .. . 5d .. 6Vid January 4, 1935 . 5d .. 6%d July 5 7 7 /sd December 6 . . . 6%d .. 6%d January 3, 1936 . 6%d .. 6%d June 5 9d .. 7‘Ad December 4 . . . 1/- .. 9 i-i8«a January 8, 1937 . 1/2 .. lOVad June 4 9*Ad December 3 .. . 7*/ad January 7. 1938 . 7‘Ad .. 7d July 1 7Vid, December 2 .. . 7‘/ad .. 8d January 6. 1939 . 7d .. sy«d July 7 sy 4 d December 1 .. . 12d .. livid January 5, 1940 . 13d .. 11.6%<P July 5 12 %d December 6 .. .. 12d January 3, 1941 . 13d .. 12.47 7 A<S February 7 .. .. , 12.5 a /«d March 7 13%d April 4 14V«d May 2 14.0%d June 6 13.5%d July 4 13 7-lfcfc August 1 13‘Ad September 5 .. . 13%d October 6 13 ll-l*d October 10—Price officially fixed at .. 13Kd Buying.

Selling. £ s. d. to a a Telegraphic transfer ... 110 15 0 112 0 0 On demand HO 12 6 111 17 ft

Western Samoa

Through Bank of New Zealand;—Australia oik Western Samoa on basis of £100 Samoa: Butmg. £ A99/12/6; selling. £A100/2/6.

Samoa oa London on basis of £100 In London: — Buying.

Selling. £ s. d. £ s. d.

Telegraphic transfer — £125 10 ft On Demand £122 18 9 125 7 ft 30 days 122 8 9 125 2 ft 60 days 121 18 9 124 17 ft 90 days 121 8 9 124 12 ft 120 days 120 18 9 Call.

Wave Sign.

Time.

Length.

Frequency.

VLR8. 6.30-10.15 a.m. 25.51 metres 11,760 M/ca.

VLR3. 12.00-6.15 p.m. 25.25 metres 11,880 M/CS- VLR. 8.45-11.30 p.m. 31.32 metres 9,580 M/ca Power: 2 kilowatts.

Islands Produce

COCOA Official prices for New Hebrides cocoa beans, controlled by the Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Committee, are as follows: — Buying: £4l/10/- per ton, f.o.b. Island port.

Selling: Delivered Sydney, Melbourne or Hobart, £53/5/- per ton.

Accra: £69/10/- (on wharf, Sydney, all charges paid).

New Guinea cocoa beans: No quotations.

Western Samoa: Last sale reported, Ist quality, £BO (f.0.b., Apia).

Trochus Shell

Sales were reported in July at prices ranging from £lO7 to £ll2 per ton, in store Sydney.

Cowrie Shells

Quote No. 1: 2/9 lb. f.o.b. Island port.

Quote No. 2: 2/10 lb. c.i.f. Sydney.

COFFEE No purchases are permitted without the consent of the Tea and Coffee Control Board, to whom all offers must first be submitted.

Nominal quotations as follows: — New Caledonian: Arabica, £Bl per ton (c.i.f.

Sydney). Robusta, £63 per ton (c.i.f. Sydney).

New Hebrides: Robusta, £63/10/- per ton (c.i.f. Sydney).

Mysore: £240 (c. & f. Sydney).

New Guinea and Papuan: No firm quotations available.

Java: No quotations.

Vanilla Beans

White Label, 15/6 per lb.; Green Label, 13/per lb.; c. & f. Sydney (Aust. currency).

KAPOK Market for Javanese kapok has been suspended.

Indian kapok is being quoted for Indent at 1/6 per lb. c.i.f. stg.

COTTON Government controlled. Stocks being made available to manufacturers at following rates:— For spinning and weaving yarns, 14%d. per lb.; cordage making, ll%d. per lb.; condenser yam, 12d. per lb.

Ivory Nuts

No firm quotations available.

RICE No quotations.

Green Snail Shell

F.a.q., £lO3 per ton, in store, Sydney.

Pearl Shell

Government-controlled price:— **B” Class, £2OO per ton. “C” Class, £l9B per ton. “D” Class, £135 per ton.

Fiji Buying Prices

Suva, July 15 following, taken from the “FIJI Times,” 1 >*• shows the prices current in Suva on the date mentioned. The prices, of course are given in Fiji currency, which is 12% per cent, below sterling, and 12% per cent, above Australian.

Price Of Gold

* ,ne Standard oz £lO/9/- oz £9/11/7 April 20, 1940.—Fixed price for plantation hotair dried, £ 12/17/6 per ton, c.1.f., London.

On February 18, 1942, Fiji and Tonga copra.

Ist grade, was fixed at £lB per ton (Fijian), f.0.b.; and In July; Plantation Grade, £lB/8/-; Fair Merchantable Sun-dried, £18; and Undergrade, £l7/15/-. The values are stated in Fijian currency. To get Australian or New Zealand values, add 12 Vi per cent.; sterling values, deduct 12Vi per cent.

In April, 1942, unofficial quotations in Sydney were around £24 (Aust.) per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

July, 1943.—N. Guinea and Papuan copra under Aust. Government control. Fixed prices, payable at port of shipment, or on plantation, where no coastal shipment is involved: Hot-air Dried £l5/10/-; Sun-dried, £l5; Smoke-dried, £l4/10/per ton. These prices subject to circumstantial considerations.

In September, 1943. prices were revised as follows; Hot-air and Sun-dried, £lB/10/-; Smoke-dried, £l7 per ton. Tentative thereafter.

Government selling prices to processors: New Guinea and Papuan Hot-air and Sun-dried, £2B per ton; Smoke-dried. £27 per ton, ex ship’s slings.

Quotations For Mining Shares July, 1943.—Papuan rubber under Australian Government control. Fixed prices, payable on plantation, where no coastal shipment is involved, or at port of shipment: No. 1 Grade, 1/5; No. 2 Grade, 1/4; No. 3 Grade, 1/2 per lb. Theses prices subject to circumstantial considerations.

In September, 1943, prices were revised as follows: No. 1 Grade, l/eVfe: No. 2 Grade, 1/4; No. 3 Grade, 1/2; Inferior, 10y 2 d. to 1/2 Vb pec lb. Tentative thereafter.

Government selling prices: No. 1 Grade, 1/11; No. 2 Grade, 1/10; No. 3 Grade, 1/8; Inferior,, 1/3 to 1/7 per lb., “Ex-Bond” in Australia.

Exchange Rates r T'HB following exchange quotations show th®> A rates existing in Sydney in mid-July;— FIJI Through Bank of NSW and Bank of New Zealand:—Australia on FIJI on basis of £lo® Fiji: Buying, £ All 1/2/6; selling. £AII3. PIJI- - on basis of £lOO London:—

New Guinea And Papua

Only nominal at present.

Free French Pacific Colonies

Buying, 160; selling, 163; francs to Aust. £.

Australian Short Wave Broadcast AN Australian radio programme is broadcast daily on short wave from Lyndhurst (Vie~ toria) for listeners In the Western Pacific:— 44 AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY Published PTY. LTD., Union House, 247 George street. Sydney. (Telephone: BW 5037). Wholly set up and printed in Australia by the Sydney and Melbourne Publishing 00. Ptv. LtJ.. 29 Alberta street /T*eier>b™- tuta

Greece—presumed dead”, July, 1941.

Derek TOVEY, NZEF, formerly of Suva, Fiji.

Killed in action in Tunisia in April, 1943.

Rifleman R. E. VERNON, AIF, formerly of X,ae TNG. Reported killed in action, June, 1944.

Capt A. F. J. WHITE, AIF. formerly a District Officer in Fiji, and BSI. Killed in action in New Guinea.

Died From Wounds

Pte. Roy lan BROWN, NZEF. formerly of Apia, W. Samoa. Died of wounds in Italy, April, 1.944 Pte. Ernest HENRY, AIF. formerly of the Rabaul (NG) staff of Burns, Phllp and Co Ltd. Died from wounds received in Battle ol Crete, 1/6/1941. . . .

Pte. Alec. MUNRO, NZ Forces, formerly of Norfolk Island. Died in Libya (Middle East).

December, 1941.

Adolphe Arthur LAHARRAGUE, formerly of Tahiti. Died of wounds received while serving in the Fighting French forces.

Pte. T. LAWRIE, AIF, son of Mr. Lawrle, formerly of Fiji. Died of wounds in Middle East.

Pte. Walter PEARSON, of first NG quota of AIF (infantry). Died from wounds received in action, 24/6/1941.

A/Bdr. W. R. SCOTT, AIF. of New Guinea.

Died from wounds, July, 1941.

Sgt. Charles SPITZ, of the Fighting French.

Pacific Battalion, and formerly of Tahiti. Died from wounds received at Bir Hacheim, on June •21, 1943.

Sgt -Pilot Peter Clarkson WISE, of the RAF, son of Mr. W. Wise, OBE, Director of Public Works, Fiji. Died from wounds received during bombing raid over Germany, January. 1941.

Accidentally Killed

Lieut.-Colonel C. C. JUDD, formerly of Morobe, TNG. Accidentally killed in Australia In January, 1943.

A/Cpl. P. A. McKEE, New Guinea forces, formerly of Bulolo. Died of injuries.

Major N. V. McKENNA, AIF, formerly of Wau, TNG. Accidentally killed, September 30, 1943.

F/O Lee VIAL, DSC, formerly ADO, Mandated Territory. Killed in April, 1943, in a plane crash in Sepik district while on a special mission.

Capt. F. E. WILLIAMS, formerly Government Anthropologist in Papua. Killed in a plane accident while on duty in New Guinea, in 1943.

Sgt. Edward WILSON, of Suva, serving in the Fiji Defence Force. Accidentally drowned In the Lami River, Fiji, April, 1942, Gnr. Robert J. WILSON, formerly of Port Moresby, Papua. Accidentally killed In troop train in Middle East in 1942.

Died From Illness

Pte. Lawrence BOYER, NZEF, formerly of Tonga and Fiji. Died on active service in Italy.

Pte. H. COOMBE, NZEF, formerly of Suva, Fiji. Died in Middle East, April, 1944.

Pte. Clarence A. HUTTON, AIF, formerly ol Edie Creek, TNG. Died from illness, April, 1941.

Pte. Manoa NAKARU, of the Fiji Military Forces. Reported died on active service, December, 1943.

Pte. Isikeli NABOKO, of the Fiji Military Forces. Reported died on active service, December, 1943.

Seaman Malvin NELSON, of Fiji Royal Naval Volunteer Service. Death reported in May, 1943.

Pte. Inikasio SERU, of the Fiji Military Forces. Reported died on active service, December, 1943.

A/Sgt. J. H. STANE, Royal Australian Engineers. formerly of Port Moresby, Papua. Died from illness. May, 1942.

Rifleman R. A. SMITH, HQ Unit. (Place of enlistment not stated.) Died of Illness.

Cpl. R. H. SUTTON, NGVR, formerly of Wau, TNG. Died from malaria and typhoid in October, 1942 Pte. Mateo TUIDALA, of the Fiji Military Forces. Reported died on active service, December. 1943.

Pte. Emosi WAQA, of the Fiji Military Forces.

Reported died on active service, December, 1943.

Major P J. WOODHLLL, AIF miantry, formerly legal assistant in the Crown Law Office, Rabaul, New Guinea. Reported "deceased”. December, 1941 Pte. F. WORK, of the Fiji Military Forces.

Reported died on active service, December, 1943.

MISSING Louis ANGER, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Pte. P. F. BAILEY, AXP Infantry, of Rabaul, TNG. Reported missing, 17/2/1942. Now reported prisoner of war.

Lieut. J. T. BARRACLUFF, AIF, formerly of New Guinea. Reported missing, December, 1943.

Cpl. Leon BARRENS, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting France. Missing after battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

Sgt.-Pilot Murray Waldon BENTLEY, RNZAF, formerly of Fiji. Reported missing in air operations in the Middle East, January, 1943.

P/O Robert Waldon BENTLEY, RNZAF, formerly of Fiji. Reported missing on air operations on May 5, 1943.

Alexandre BLACK, of Pacific Battalion, FF Forces. Reported missing after Battle of Bir Hacheim.

T. BLAKELOCK, BEF, formerly of Fiji. Missing.

Sgt. Ronald Arthur BROODBANK. formerly of Samarai, Papua, now serving with the RAAF overseas. Reported missing on May 31 while on air operations.

Sgt. Alexander BROWN, RNZAF, formerly of Rarotonga. Reported missing over Germany, on September 15, 1942.

Reginald BOULANGER, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

H. BUCKNELL, AIF, formerly of Fiji. Missing.

Andre CHITTY. of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported missing.

Pte. E. L. CHRISTIE. AIF Infantry, of Rabaul, TNG. Reported missing, 17/2/1942.

Georges CLEMEN, of FF Navy. Formerly of N. Caledonia. Missing in Mediterranean, March. 1942.

Victor DERVAUX, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Lucien DEVAND, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting Prance. Missing after battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

Pte. A. O. DICKSON, AIF infantry, of Rabaul, TNG. Reported “missing, believed wounded”, 17/2/1942.

Pilot-Officer Norman R. FRAZER, RAAF, formerly of Wau, TNG. Reported missing on air operations over Germany. August 30, 1943.

Eion FIELD, RNZAF, formerly of staff of Kasi Mines, Fiji. Missing in Java.

Gath GELDARD, NGVR. of New Britain.

Missing after the battle of Rabaul, January, 1942.

Georges GOVETCHE, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported missing.

Acting Flight-Lieut. Don A. IRVING. RAAF, formerly chemist in CSR Co.. Labasa, Fiji. Missing, presumed dead, in air operations over Germany, February 27, 1942.

Pte. ANDREW A. (BILLO) JOHNSON. NGVR.

Reported missing in New Guinea on October 29, 1942.

Georges KABAR. of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Henri T.ANGLOIS, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting France. Missing after battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

Numa LETHESER, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting France. Missing after battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

Rene LETOCART, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Cpl. E G. MacADAM, NGVR, of Rabaul, TNG.

Reported missing after the battle of Rabaul, January 1, 1942.

Capt. J. J. MURPHY, AIF, formerly of New Guinea. Reported missing, December, 1943.

Pte. R. J. PASCOE, AIF Infantry, of Rabaul, TNG. Reported missing, 27/1/1942.

Pilot Tom PATTERSON. of the RNZAF. formerly of Levuka, Fiji. Reported missing, in November, 1941, after bombing raid on the Continent.

Eugene PENE, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Andre PETRE, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Eugene POGNON, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim.

Gnr. Allan H. ROSS, AIF artillery, formerly planter in New Britain, TNG. Reported "missing—believed prisoner of war”, 28/9/1941.

Pte. William RUPE, of the NZ Forces (Maori Battalion), formerly of Altutakl, Cook Islands.

Reported “missing after Battle of Greece”, July, 1941.

Pilot James SIMPSON, of the RAP, formerly of Vatukoula, Fiji. Reported missing after air operations over Malta, in the Mediterranean, 1/7/1941.

L/Bdr. G. G. SMITH, NZEF, formerly of Suva, Fiji. Reported missing.

Louis SALOMAN, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported missing.

Charles STIERMANS, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Taken POW in Libya, but missing after transport was sunk in Mediterranean.

Pilot-Officer Neville George STOKES, of the RAF, formerly a pilot with Guinea Airways, Ltd., in New Guinea. Reported missing after air operations in Europe, December, 1941.

Chas. STIERMANS, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported missing.

Louis VINDOUX, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of New Caledonia. Reported missing.

Reported Missing

Malaya Casualty List, Published 23/7/1942.

ALEXANDRE BLACK, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting France. Reported killed in action at Bir Hacheim. Now reported missing.

Andre CHTTTY, of Pacific Battalion of Fighting France. Missing at battle of Bir Hacheim (Libya).

Pte. E. L. CHRISTIE, infantry, Rabaul.

Pte. A. G. DICKSON, infantry, Rabaul.

Pte. J. M. HIRSCHEL, Infantry, Rabaul.

Pte. J. G. NEWTON, artillery, Port Moresby.

Australia and Island Stations, pte. S. W. HUNTER, infantry, Kokopo.

Prisoners Of War

Pte. J. H. ALLAN, AIF, formerly of Wau, TNG.

Formerly reported missing, now reported prisoner of war.

Gnr. N. H. AMOS, AIF, formerly of Port Moresby. Reported prisoner of war after Malayan campaign.

Lieut. CLARRIE ARCHER. NGVR. Believed prisoner of war in Japan. Reported prisoner of war in February, 1943, in prison camp on Island south of Japan.

Georges BEBERE, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported POW.

Robert BLUM, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim. Reported POW, May, 1944.

Cpl. Jock BAIRD, AIF, formerly of Bank of NSW staff, Suva, Fiji. Reported missing in Malaya, February, 1942. Reported prisoner of war. September. 1943.

Mariel BARRAU, of French Infantry, formerly of N. Caledonia. Taken prisoner after fall of Prance, June, 1940.

A/Cpl. Peter W. BOSGARD, AIF Infantry, formerly of the Lands Department, Port Moresby, Papua. Reported prisoner of war at Sulmona, Italy, 29/6/1941; transferred to Bolzano prison camp, September, 1941.

Cpl. J. E. BROAD, NZEF, formerly of Suva, Fiji. Reported prisoner of war.

Lieut. John BROWN, formerly of Fiji. Reported a prisoner of war in Italy.

Cpl. E. BOURKE, AIF, formerly of New Guinea. Prisoner of war in Germany.

Sgt. R. F. BUNTING, AIF, formerly of Samaral, Papua. Missing in Malaya. Now reported prisoner of war.

Henri CLEMENCEAU, of FF Pacific Battalion, formerly of N. Caledonia. Reported POW.

Sgt. Peter COGGINS, AIF. formerly of FIJI.

Taken prisoner in Malaya, and now reported prisoner of war in Borneo camp.

A/Sgt. A. A. S. COTMAN, AIF infantry, of Abau, Papua. Reported missing—believed prisoner of war, 5/5/1941; reported later, July, 1941, "wounded in chest and head by shrapnel— taken prisoner”.

Cpl. W. F. CULLEN, AIF, formerly of Thursday Island. Reported prisoner of war.

John Arnold CROCKETT, AIF, formerly of Bulolo, TNG. Reported prisoner of war In Osaka, Japan, September, 1943.

Pte. J. DALTON. AIF Transport and Supply, formerly of Thursday Island. Reported prisoner of war. April, 1942.

Victor DERVAUX, of FF Pacific Battalion.

Formerly a POW in Italy, but escaped and now interned in Switzerland.

Dick ELMOUR, formerly of New Caledonia, prisoner of war after Dunkirk. Repatriated to France in January, 1942, because of health reasons.

Pte. W. G. ECKBLADE, AIF, formerly of Rabaul. Previously reported missing; now reported missing; believed prisoner of war.

Gnr. A. I. FOLEY, AIF, formerly of Papua.

Reported missing in Malayan campaign. Reported prisoner of war in February, 1944.

Pilot-Officer George Beilby EVANS, RAAF, son of Mr. and Mrs. Beilby Evans, formerly of Buka Passage, TNG. Reported prisoner of war In Java.

Gaston GEILLER, of Fighting French Pacific Battalion. Reported missing after battle of Bir Hacheim. Reported POW, May, 1944. (Continued on Page 37) AUGUST, 1944 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Roll Of Honour

(Continued From Inside Front Cover)

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P M if ' " •■' .A ' I 11 ? C. ■■■l ' ~ » v V V *L ■ $5? ' % m mk i -. \ (£i;il m3m ■ , . 0^ Travel by CARPENTER AIRLINES Full particulars from Macdonald, Hamilton fir Co., or How- ’ Smith Ltd., Sydney.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTH

Merchants, Shipowners And Aircraft Operators

Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchant Buyers and Shippers of Copra, Troeas, and all Classes of Islands Produce.

Ford Motor Company of Canada.

T. G. & C. Bolinders (Engines).

AGENTS FOR: Caterpillar Tractors. Dodge Brothers Inc.

Electrolux Refrigerators. Westinghouse Electrical Co. etc,, etc.

Branches throughout the Pacific Islands n London. W. R. & Co. (London) Ltd., Coronation House, 4 Lloyds Avenue, London, EC. iead Office: 16 O’CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY

I/Kci F I C Islands Monthly August, Is’ 44