PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly Vol. VII. No. II June 23, 1937 8 d

Rabaul After

The Eruption

This aerial photo., taken soon after the "black-out,” shows the town under its grey pall of pumice and ashes. The newly-arisen Vulcan voIcano is seen, smoking in the upper corner. The black masses in Front of Vulcan evidently are pumice, floating on the water there is no land there. The other active volcano, Matupi, is out of sight, around Matupi Island (the point in the left upper corner). [Copyright photo— Block by courtesy of "Sydney Mail”]

Direct Shipping Service

Between The

Pacific Territories And Europe

In addition to operating General Stores, Trading Stations, Plantations, Inter-Islands Shipping Services, Aerial Transport Services, Etc., in the Pacific Territories, W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd. have established a Direct Shipping Service between New Guinea, Solomons, Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, and European Ports. are made as required ar the Main Ports of Fiji, G. and E. Colony, Solomons and New Guinea.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these vessels at special rates; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates, Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

THE W. R. C. LINE Two Twin-Screw Motor-Vessels are now carrying on a Ten-Weekly Service on a Regular Schedule, namely:— M. V. RABAUL - - - 5613 Tons M. V. SALAMAUA - 6754 Tons

Mandated Airlines

LTD.

Mandated Airlines

LTD. (established in New Guinea in 1934 as Carpenter Airways) now employ a fleet of Modern Aeroplanes (British - built, engined and manned) and carry a Large Proportion of the Freight and Passengers between the port of Salamaua and ihe New Guinea goldfields centres.

W. R CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise : : Complete Range of all Stocks Carried Head Office: 19-21 O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain). KAVIENG (New Ireland), MADANG (New Guinea). SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea). TULAGI (Solomon islands), SUVA (Fiji), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON.

Buyers and Shippers of: Copra, Trocas, and all Classes of Islands Produce earn The new 16-passenger British Avro Aeroplane which recently entered the New Guir services of Mandated Airlines Ltd.

Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 19 3 7

Electricity for YOUR home

Delco-Licht

In bond Sydney Distributors: WARBU Melbourne Portable Plant ENJOY the comforts of this modern age with the aid of a BI 2or B 6 Delco-Light plant. For lighting the bungalow or boat, charging your radio or car batteries, etc., why not utilise this 150 watt—6 or 12 volt—plant that operates for eight hours on a two-quart tank filling? Weighing only 44 Ins. It can readily be transported anywhere.

SPECIFICATIONS : ENGINE, single cylinder four-cycle, L head, air-cooled by forced draught.

DYNAMO, 6 pole: capacity of 150 watts voltage 812 (12 volt), B 6 (6 volt) . . . Self cranking from battery through manual starting switch.

Dynamos in each case will supply six 25 watt lamps. The 12 volt battery 4, for approx. 9 hours and the 6 volt battery for approx. hours.

WRITE to Desk PI for full details now; the plant requires no particular skill to operate—you can instal it yourself—and you'll marvel at its efficiency.

RTON, FRANK!, LTD. 307 -15 KENT STREET. SYDNEY Brisbai

Sale Of Plantations And Vacant Land In

New Guinea

The Custodian of Expropriated Property offers for sale by public tender the coconut plantations and vacant lands hereunder.

PLANTATIONS BULO.—Situated at Huon Culf on the coast of the mainland of New Guinea, about 25 miles from Salamaua.

HERMIT GROUP.— Comprising a group of 13 islands situated to the north-west of the main Admiralty Islands.

PURDY AND ALlM.—Situated to the south and south-west of the main Admiralty Islands and comprising four islands.

SELEO.—Situated on Seleo Island which lies off the coast of the mainland of New Guinea.

TOMALABATT.—Situated on Tatau Island, Gardner Group off the coast of New Ireland.

Vacant Land

BUKAUSlP.—Comprising approximately 50 hectares on Huon Gulf.

CARTERETS ISLANDS.— Approximately 50 miles north-east of Buka with an area of one hectare.

GALL —Approximately 15 miles from Port Lorengau on the north coast of the Island of Manus comprising 103 hectares.

MALALA. —On the coast of New Guinea about 52 miles from the north of the port of Madang with an estimated area of 2,000 hectares.

MALAI BAY. Two blocks on the south coast of the Island of Manus with an area of 179 hectares and 42 hectares.

MOENAI. —On Bujal Bay on the south coast of the Island of Manus with an area of 125 hectares.

NGABIRARA. -On Kabanga Bay approximately SO miles from Rabaul with an area of 48 ares.

PATALI ISLAND,—Near Malai Bay on the south coast of the Island of Manus with an area ot 17 hectares.

Full particulars regarding the plantations and other property, conditions of sale, and any other information may be obtained from the Custodian of Expropriated Property, the Treasury, Canberra, or the Delegate of the Custodian of Expropriated Property, Rabaul, New Guinea, with whom tenders may be lodged up to 3 p.m. on Tuesday, August 17, 1937 The highest or any tender will not necessarily be accepted.

W. C. THOMAS, The Commonwealth Treasury, Custodian of Expropriated Property.

Canberra, April 27, 1937.

J. I. Saville. W. Cameron, H, J. Manns, Master J. Rutherford.

Passengers By The Montoro, Which

SAILED FROM KOKOPO, NEAR RABAUL.

FOR BRISBANE AND SYDNEY. ON JUNE 9: Mesdames Stevens and infant, H. Venning, D.

Cromie, J. Woodhill, Atherton and infant, A.

Anthony, Boyd-Boland, J. Bourke, Gascoigne and two children. H. Laughter and infant, F. Moody, Northey, W. Thomas, Gordon Thomas, A. Kelly, Brodie, G. Sinclair, Bird and two children, Syron, C. Haviland and child. E. Naulty and infant. J.

Wilson, G. Provan, K. Slee and infant, Dickson, Whiteman and two children, G. Walker, M.

Jamieson, G. Furter, T. Ellis. G. Sturgeon, R.

Pye and child, Dalgleish and child, Prior, E, Davis, Lucas and infant, A. Reynolds, S. Anderson and infant, O. Flynn.

Misses A. Anderson, N. Duggan, Brodie (2), H. Wilson, D. Cunningham, M. Thomas, Hales, Davies 13), Dirchley.

Messrs. N. Northey, Anthony, McElhinney.

Colonel Fraser. W. Scott. A. Fry, G. Mcßoberts.

F. Hawes, L. Lett. Pastor A. Stewart, Messrs.

E. Allen, R. Barnes, A. Norton, A. Burgess, Masters K. Brodie and B. Provan.

Passengers Per Nellore Which

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR RABAUL, N.G., ON JUNE 12:—Messrs, Davies. Patterson. Marquis Diamond, Mistress McGowan.

Passengers Per Monowai Which

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR SUVA, FIJI, ON JUNE 10; Miss Allsop, W, Abicarn. Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Beechcroft, Mr. and Mrs. O.

Bennett, Miss B. Hudson, Mr. and Mrs. D.

Jones, Mrs. H. B. Snowsill. Misses Snowsill (2), Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Trewenock, H. C. Stanton, Mrs. G. A. Young, Mr. and Mrs. H. Baird, A. L.

Baker, Miss R. A. Mune, C. Randal. Mrs. H.

Widlake, Master B. Widlake, Mr. Braden.

Passengers Per Morinda Which

REACHED SYDNEY FROM LORD HOWE,

Norfolk Is.. And N. Hebrides On June

17: Messrs. Boughton, Cantwell, Davis, Farrah.

Haigh, Henderson, Hughes, Keysell, Love, Lawton, Lewis, Moore. May, Quodling. Quinn.

Quintal. Sansom (2), Smith. Westwood. Young.

Mesdames Anderson, Boughton, Capper, Getters.

Haigh, Hewitt, Hale, Halsey, Jones (2), Johnson, Lewis, Lloyd, Love, Lawton, Milburn, Quintal.

Misses Behrens, Bell, Blair, Corlette. Capper, Clarke. Crumlin. Eager, Fenton, Fitzgerald, Getters. Gazzard, Gale (2). Nobbs. Peapes, White.

Miss Elsie Brammell, M.A., who was born in Papua, where her father, Mr. B.

W. Brammell, was Commissioner for Native Affairs, has been appointed secretary of the Anthropological Society of N.S.W.

Pacific Is. Travellers (CONTINUED FROM PAGE iii)

Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd

GENERAL MERCHANTS IHI II if!

Hi) ul 111 lil HI ill SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney—Australia Code Address: "Burphil"

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is. —Lord Howe Is. —Norfolk Is. —New Hebrides —lava and Singapore ADVERTISERS Amalgamated Wireless of Aust, Ltd 79 Anderson, G. A 72 Angus & Coote Ltd 15 Arnott’s Biscuits 30 “Aspro” 54 Ausoline 52 B. and S, Agency ... 15 Bank of N.S.W 80 Berger & Sons Ltd 50 Blau (Aust.) Robert 58 Brandt & Steele ..... 23 Broomfields Ltd 51 Brunton’s Flour ...._ 70 Budge & Co. Ltd 50 Bullivants Ltd 64 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 Burns, Philp & Co. 36 B.P. (S.S.) Co 66 Buzacott Ltd 26 Carpenter, W. R.

Limited ii Chapman & Sherack 18 Chemist - Michael, H. P. 68 Chivers & Sons Ltd 37 Clyde Engineering Co. Ltd 21 Coleman Lamp Co, 16 Coral Starch 38 Cosmopolitan Hotel 75 Crossle, Duff and Macintosh Ltd 68 “Cuprinol” 52 "Cystex” 66 Dangar, Gedye and Mallock Ltd 09 Del Cott Pty Ltd ..... 45 Dewar’s Whisky 74 Doan’s Pills 56 Docke, Carl Aug. ... 44 Donald, A. B. Ltd 60 Eaton, Ltd, J. W. ... 53 Electrolytic Co. Ltd 68 Everyday Products Ltd 25 Expropriated Properties —... 1 Fairbanks - Morse Limited 77 .

“Faix-holme” College 76 Finau, Wm 20 Fletcher & Sons 28 Florentine & Son 78 Ford Sherington Ltd 47 Ford, W. M 52 “44 Macleay Street” 12 Fox and Macgillycuddy Ltd 48 Fryer, A. C. ...:. 26 Garden Vale Products Ltd 38 Garrett & Davidson 62 Gillespie’s Flour 36 Grand Pacific Hotel 61 Grove & Sons, W. H. 32 Guinea Airways Ltd v Hallstrom, E 39 Halvorsen, L 78 Hannan Bros. Ltd ... 24 Hardie & Co. Ltd, Jas. 56 Holbrook’s Ltd 41 Holmes & Co., W. L. 71 Horne. W. & Co. ..... 60 Hotel Moresby ;.. 75 House For Sale ........ 22 1.C.1.A.N.Z. Ltd 64 Jones & Co. Ltd, H. 35 Jones & Rickard 43 Kodak Pty. Ltd 20 Kopsen & Co. Ltd ... 73 Kork-N-Seal Ltd 37 Lane & Giryan Ltd 42 Levenson’s Radio ... 57 Levy, Sol 13 Lindenhafen Estates Ltd 4 25 Lustre Ltd 17 McGowan & Co., A. 61 Mcllrath’s Ltd 22 McKay’s Bookstall ... 21 Maleham & Yeomans Limited 47 Master Sewing Machine Co 48 Maxwell Porter Ltd 53 Medical Supplies— Secura 59 Miller & Co. Pty Ltd 54 Mint Stamp Co 24 Morris, Hedstrom Limited • 62 N.D.L 81 Nelson & Robertson Pty. Ltd LJ 69. 70 Nestle’s Milk ,*.... 40 Newland Bros. Ltd 67 Nock & Kirby Ltd ... 65 Nordnian, Oscar G. 78 Noyes Bros. Ltd : 28 Oxymel Oil and Paint Co. Ltd 66 Olsson, T. A. 60 Pacific Islands Co. 59 Papua, Hotel, The ... *75 Patterson & Stone ... 63 Philatelic Investment Trust' 1...... 18,'74 Pike Bros Ltd 15 Pincombe Ltd, Syd. 32 Plantation For Sale 29 Prescott Ltd „.. v . 34 Price’s Radio Serv. 75 Prouds Ltd 17 Ransomes Sims and Jefferies Ltd 63 Reed, William, E. ... 36 Reid, W. M 43 Riverstone Meat Co.

Ltd 31 Rohu, Sil 18 Royal Packet Co. .. iii “R.U.R.” 62 Ruston & Hornsby ... 55 St. Ignatius College 14 Scott’s Emulsion 23 Scott Ltd, J 51 Scott ' & "Sons ' 63 Shell Oil Co. Ltd 49 Smyth Ltd. J. S 14 Springwood L. Coll. 59 Stanley, Chris 35 Stanley & Co 30 Stead & Baker 24 Steamships T. Co. ... 76 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Sullivan Ltd, J. J. 39 Swallow & Ariell ... 34 Sydney Steel Co 68 Talkeries 12 Taubman’s Paints ... 42 Taylor & Co.. A. 76 “Tenax” Soap 13 Tilley Lamp Co 46 Tillock & Co. Ltd 35 Tooheys Ltd 19 Tooth & Co vi “Top Dog” Men’s Wear 21 Trufood 22 Vacuum Oil Co 27 Vincent’s A.P.C 58 Warburton Frank!

Ltd 1 Watson, Victor, Ltd 12 West, Harry 71 Weymark & Son 37 Wheeler, B. R 33 Wills, W. D. and H. 0.. Ltd 33 Williams Ltd, S 43 Williams. W. H 63 Wizard Lighting Co. 13 Woods P’mint Cure 33 Wright & Co 29 Wright & Co. Ltd, E. 51 Wunderlich Ltd 53 Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd 42 Contents Pacific Islands Travellers iii Rabaul Bickerings and Tropical Administration 3 Carpenters get Sydney-N.G. Airmail Contract 4 Future of New Hebrides i. ■ 4 No Subsidy Yet for Pacific’Shipping 5 New -C.I. Resident Commissioner 6 Tent Town at Kokopo 8 Volcanic Eruptions Compel Evacuation of Rabaul ...... 9, 71 About Islands People 15 Tom Harrisson’s Exploits in New Hebrides ...... ...... 17 Those N.G. Pygmies ...... ...... ...... 19 Loss of Fijian in Marshalls 21 Guinea Airways Ltd 22, 74 Early Fijian Navigators 23 Thomas Lewis’s Polynesian Wife ...... 25 Men Who Knew Yesterday—William Blacklock, of Samoa 28 Judge Ayson, C.M.G.—An Appreciation 31 ! ake Kutubu in Unknown Papua 33 New Caledonia’s Trade 35 The Significance of Colours 37 Tragic Death of Rev. W. V. Milne 38 How the Pacific Cable Was Laid 40 The Boy-King of Tahiti 45 N.Z. Controls Cook Is. Fruit 50 What is Happening in Japan’s Mandated Islands 52 A New Mountain and People in Dutch New Guinea 55 Fashion Hints for Islands Women ...... 59 ’Fiji's Representative Describes Coronation Procession 61 Morris Hedstrom’s' Annual Report 64 Pacific Islands Mining Notes 65 Islands Produce and Exchange 79 Copra and Rubber Prices 80 Shipping Services in Pacific 81 2 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas [ Registered at the G.P.0., Sydney for transmission by post as a newspaper .] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 1 8408 R Registered Address of Telegrams, Radiograms, and Cables: “Pacpub,” Sydney.

CONTRIBUTIONS Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates

Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid, Post Free 8/- Per Annum, elsewhere, prepaid. Post Free 10/- Single Copies , Bd.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON, F.R.G.S.

ADVERTISEMENTS Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc. by Arrangement Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

AGENTS The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for the Pacific Islands Monthly:— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., and Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd.

All Branches of Morris, Hedstrom & Co., Ltd.

G. Thomas & Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai, Papua.

Steamships Trading Co., Papua. All Branches.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji.

All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga, Cook Is.

A. C. Rowland, Papeete, Tahiti.

Representative in London: W. C. HARVEY, Coronation Building, 4 Lloyds Avenue, London, E.C.2. from whom may be obtained copies of Pacific Islands Monthly, Pacific Islands Year Book, advertising schedules, etc.

Vol. VIL, No. 11.

Sydney, June 23, 1937.

PnVp ( 8d - Pei Copy - L l ICC ( Px-epaid : 8/- p.a.

Rabaul Bickerings and Tropical Administration IT was fortunate, perhaps, that the unseemly squabble between the Administrator of New Guinea and his “subjects” came when it did; because it has served effectively to show up some of the faults of a system which Australia proposed to enlarge.

It has been proposed that Australian administration shall take the place of English administration in certain Pacific territories (notably, the New Hebrides and the Solomons) which already are far more Australian than English in their oversea connections and associations. If this should mean that Australia simply is going to organise two more-parties of public servants in watertight compartments, presided over by two more political appointees, the residents of the New Hebrides and Solomons would be well advised, at this stage, to resist the contemplated change to the utmost of their power.

It should be a primary condition of any extension of Australian authority in the Pacific that Australia creates a corps of men trained and competent to undertake tropical administration, and able to provide, out of their own ranks, officers capable of occupying the highest positions in that service.

Already, Australia administers five tropical territories North Australia, Papua, New Guinea, Nauru and Norfolk Island —and it is scarcely necessary to stress the fact -that the administrators, who exercise absolute and almost unchallengeable authority, should be specialists trained for their jobs and, temperamentally, men of calm, patient, wellbalanced judgment. Yet two of the main territories, Nth. Australia and New Guinea, are controlled now by men who were arbitrarily selected, without competition, by a Cabinet which had no special qualifications for making such appointments. Mr. Abbott and General McNicoll may be men of great personal merit; but the fact remains that neither had had one hour’s training in the specialised work of tropical administration, and that they came under official notice in the first place only because they happened to have been elected to Parliament.

Meanwhile, each territory maintains its own public service, each service divided into departments, each departmental head supremely conscious of the fact that, however, well he may acquit himself, the principal positions are not for him—they are reserved, mostly, for political appointees. It is an intolerable system.

Its weakness has been demonstrated during the month, in Rabaul. Almost every issue of the newspapers, for three weeks, has contained something about the bickerings between the Administrator, who says that Rabaul is habitable and reasonably safe, and a section of the non-official Europeans, who say it is not.

The managers of the big trading firms have insisted upon a policy of caution, in considering the scope and character of their future establishments in Rabaul; while the utterances of Administrator on this subject have had an unfortunate appearance of either flippancy or bad temper.

The attitude of the Administrator may be perfectly right; but, if it is, he certainly has done the right things in the wrong way. The Administrator may not have ordered the evacuation of Rabaul; but, in his statement of June 1 (see pages 13 and 14), he clearly confirmed it, and added that the town would not be haoitable (or “tenable”) for several weeks, and apparently approved all the arrangements for a temporary settlement at Kokopo. Yet, only six days later, he was issuing statements which could be interpreted only as insistence on the immediate re-occupation of the town. Was it any wonder that a large - section of the Europeans became angry and resentful!

This was a time, if ever there was one, when the Administrator should have 3 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

acted in close consultation and co-operation with the commercial community, and with the rank and file of Europeans, whose interests had been so disastrously affected. Patience, tact and sympathy were called for. Instead of that, General McNicoll’s far-too-numerous utterances, as reported in Australian newspapers, suggested a stubborn insistence on his dictatorial authority, combined with peevishness and impatience. The impression made “down South” was not good.

General McNicoll was a successful schoolmaster and a distinguished soldier. But the methods of the schoolroom, and the heavy heel of the autocratic G.0.C., are very much out of place on an occasion like this. In fact, they are out of place nowadays in tropical administration generally. The unfortunate record of New Zealand in Western Samoa, between 1925 and 1932, is proof of that.

Criticism is difficult. We must set against the Administrator’s apparently temperamental inability to co-operate with the non-official community, his personal courtesy, his energy and his organising genius, admirably displayed on this occasion.

"Macdhui" on Fire off N.G. Coast "Neptuna" Races to Aid of Drifting Vessel WHEN the Burns, Philp passenger motorship Macdhui was off Fortification Point en route from Lae to Madang, New Guinea, on June 20, two fires broke out abroad, leaving the vessel drifting with her engines disabled.

In response to S.O.S. calls, the B.P. liner Neptuna raced to the rescue, and reached the Macdhui the following day to tow her to port.

When the first fire occurred in the MacdhuVs engine-room, she was considered to be in danger, and the passengers took to the boats. Later, the European passengers returned to the ship, but 150 native deck passengers were put ashore near Fortification Point, as a panic was feared.

The first outbreak occurred in the fuel oil bunkers at 1 a.m. and assumed serious proportions. The crew fought the fire with great determination, and by 4 a.m. it was under control. The damage was extensive.

At 5.30 a.m., a second fire broke out in No, 4 hold, and the crew was again called out to fight the outbreak, which, however, was not so serious as the first fire.

Captain Campbell, master of the Macdhui, reported early on June 21 that the vessel was in no danger, as the weather was calm and the set of currents tended to carry her in a north-westerly direction, away from land. A later message stated that the bulkhead and hatch had cooled appreciably.

N.G. Air-Mail

Contract for Weekly Service Goes To Carpenter & Co. ■THE contract to operate the new, * weekly, air-mail service between Sydney and Rabaul (New Guinea), via Brisbane, Cooktown, Port Moresby, Wau, and Salamaua, for five years, was let by the Australian Government on June 8 to Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.

The unsuccessful tenderers were Guinea Airways Ltd., Australia-New Guinea Airlines Ltd., and Southern Airlines and Freighters Ltd.

Messrs. Carpenter have ordered three De Havilland 868 machines from Britain.

They will be assembled at Mascot, Sydney, in time to commence the service in January, 1938. They are bi-planes; they are easily handled and housed; each has four engines, and can fly on two out of the four; each will be equipped with two-way radio equipment; each will carry about 15 passengers: and the fare will be about the same as the first-class steamer fare.

Sydney to Cooktown will be one day’s flight; Cooktown to Port Moresby, Salamaua and Rabaul the second day’s flight.

Cooktown aerodrome is fo be enlarged, to accommodate these machines. The Federal authority has promised to put in directional wireless at Cooktown and Rabaul, and to create an efficient meteorlogical service.

The total subsidy to be provided by the Government is £65,572 —an average of £13,000 per annum.

The service will be operated by Messrs.

Carpenter and Co. —not by Mandated Airlines, which is the firm’s local operating company in New Guinea. The chief pilot of Mandated Airlines, Mr. R. 0. Mant, will be the flying superintendent of the new service.

The DH 868 machines are an improved model of the machines which have given such good service on the Darwin-Singapore section of the Australia-London route.

New Hebrides

Indefinite Discussion at Imperial Conference A PROPOSAL that Australia should assume responsibility for Britain’s share in the administration of the New Hebrides- (which is a Condominium, conducted by France and Britain) was discussed at the Imperial Conference during the month.

But, when the Conference- ended, nothing had been agreed upon. It is believed, however that discussions will continue between the Governments of Britain, France and Australia.

The irresponsible section of the Australian newspaners which seems to reach extreme heights of silliness and inaccuracv whenever it deals with Pacific affairs—reported that a transfer had been agreed unon: that Australia would establish “a semi-dinlomatic Commissionershin” in the a-roup: that the British officials would be replaced by Australians: and so on.

One priceless kite-flier announced that “Australia was to become the ultimate administrative headouarters for all Frnnire possessions in Pacific;” and that “th e next move will be to incornorate Fiii. which can be far more conveniently administered from Canberra than from London.” The latter statement was so ridiculous and fantastic that other newsnapers took the unusual course of contradicting it.

If the journalist had spoken of the Solomons, instead of Fiji, he might have been a little nearer the mark. Every argument which can be nut forward in favour of Australian administration of the New Hebrides can be applied also to the Solomons. The Solomons have not been mentioned in reports of Imperial Conference discussions; but it can be taken as probable that the future of both the Hebrides and the Solomons are under consideration, and not the Hebrides alone.

Eating the Apple.—An event in the Coronation Day sports in Port Moresby. Beryl Mustard was the winner. (Gibson, photo.) 4 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

No Subsidy Yet

Imperial Conference Fails To Agree on Pacific Shipping Question 'X'HE Imperial Conference ended with- * out any decision having been reached on the question of subsidising the Canadian - Australasian steamship line, which runs in competition with the subsidised American (Matson) line.

An extraordinary amount of inaccurate rubbish was supplied from London to the Australian newspapers, which published it with all kinds of sensational heads. We were told, variously, that an agreement had been reached; that two 22,000 tons liners would be built, at a cost of £3,000,- 000; and that the substantial subsidy thereon would be borne by Britain, to the extent of 51 per cent, and that 49 per cent would be divided between Australia, New Zealand and Canada. It was said, also, that an arrangement was t being made with the United States under which if U.S.A. allowed British ships to trade between Honolulu and ’Frisco, the Empire Governments would allow Matson liners to continue to trade between New Zealand and Australia.

Actually, nothing was agreed upon.

There seems to have been an enormous amount of talk—and then the Imperial Conference ended.

At this date (June 21) the matter of subsidising British shipping in the Pacific is being considered in London by a committee, which “hopes to reach a provisional agreement that can be referred to the Governments interested.”

There is an indication that the whole subject is tied up with an apparent need to subsidise British shipping in the northwest Pacific, which is severely feeling the growing competition of the cheaplyrun Japanese lines.

Seaplane'S Discoveries

In New Hebrides THE seaplane from the French warsloop Rigault de Genouilly was used freely during an official visit to the New Hebrides in April. The pilots flew over most of the islands, and made some useful observations.

At Santo, especially, the naval airmen flying over the interior noted that the estimate of the heights of the principal peaks were probably 200 metres less than their true height. They also noted that the plain of Jourdain, on Santo, is an attractive region, with a lake in the centre, and possibly is suitable for colonisation.

Mrs. S. G. Jones, who spent four years on Wallis Is., New Hebrides, reached Sydney by the Morinda on June 17.

Tahiti'S Chinese

Commission To Study the Problem TAHITI has decided to take steps to * cope with the invasion of Chinese (says the Bulletin du Commerce , of Noumea).

A commission has been set up in Papeete, comprised of leading citizens, to study all aspects of the Chinese problem, ;and the effect of the increasing Chinese community upon the economic and social conditions in French Oceania.

Sir Henry Marks, C.8.E., has been appointed Honorary Colonel of the Fiji Defence Force —an honour unique in Fiji history. Sir Henry held a commission as a major in the old Fiji Volunteers some 40 years ago and has always taken keen interest in the Defence Force.

S.S. BUCEPHALE Wrecked In New Hebrides THE Messageries Maritimes steamer Bucephale, (903 tons, built in 1925, formerly the Saint Andre), ran on to a reef on the coast of Efate, 12 miles from Port Vila, New Hebrides, on June 14, and became a total loss.

The sea was quiet, and crew and passengers were taken off and conveyed to Vila. The ship was on her way from Tanna to Vila, and carried about 140 tons of copra. The Pierre Loti . on June 17, was making an attempt to salvage the cargo.

The Bucephale ran to the southern New Hebrides, and the Banks Group, on a regular schedule.

French Warship Shows Tongans Their First Aeroplane or Coronation Day Dr REO FORTUNE, now of the Ling Nam University, Canton, China, (who recently carried out anthropological research in New Guinea), has announced his engagement to Miss Eileen Pope, of Wellington, N.Z. Their marriage will take place shortly in China.

Dr JOHN WESLEY COULTER, associate professor of Geography in the University of Hawaii, is spending leave from academic duties in 1937-38 in the South Sea Islands. He is making a survey of land utilization in American Samoa under the auspices of the naval government there. From American Samoa, he will go to British Samoa, Fiji, and other islands in the Pacific and then on to New Zealand, Australia, and Europe.

He is an Irishman by birth and received his early education in the Methodist Co>lege, Belfast.

He is the author of several books.

NUKUALOFA, May 22.

During the Coronation celebrations here on May 12 the French sloop Rigault de Genouilly, commanded by Commander Leon Moron, was in port.

The ship’s seaplane flew over Nukualofa during the celebrations and gave the Tongans their first thrill of seeing a plane over their island.

Shown in the accompanying photographs are:— Top: Her Majesty Queen Salote Tubou, D.B.E., and her consort, Prince William Tugi, C.B.E. (with A.D.C. and maid in waiting) arriving to attend Coronation Service at St. Paul’s Anglican Church. Nukualofa, where the Kev. H. A. Favell officiated.

Lower (left to right) : Commander Leon Moron, Mrs.

Ragnar Hyne, Mr. Ragnar Hyne (British Vice-Consul).

Also in the group are two other officers from the French warship. 5 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 193/

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Resident Commissioner in Cook Is.

Appointment of Mr. S. J. Smith MR. S. J. SMITH, who has been iTI Secretary of the Cook Islands Department, in New Zealand, since 1928, has been appointed Resident Commissioner in the Cook Islands, to succeed Judge H. F. Ay son, retired.

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, May 19.

TT would be difficult to imagine a hap- * pier choice than that of Mr. S. J.

Smith. He is no stranger to the people of the group, and he has had a long record of tropical service. This commenced in 1914 when, as a member of the Samoan Occupying Force, he was seconded for duty as secretary to the Samoan Administration under Military Occupation. He continued in this capacity for several years, and then* returned to New Zealand and became second-incharge of the Dept, of External Affairs.

He took charge of the C.I. Department in 1928.

The choice is appropriate because, under the new Fruit Control Regulations, a very considerable degree of authority is vested in the Resident Commissioner, and Mr. Smith, as secretary for the C.I.

Dept., has played the leading part, not only in framing the regulations, but in the gigantic task of bringing them to fruition. It mav be said that for years direct supervised control of the local fruit trade has been his special objective —although it was not until the present Government came to power that he was able to see his ambition realised.

Mr. Smith starts with a clear fie’d. V “control” does not turn out a success under his guidance, then it mav safely be assumed that it will never do so.

Samoan M.P.'S Want

Higher Pay

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, May 31.

TrHE Fono of Faipule (native Samoan Parliament) commenced its session after Coronation Day.

The Faipule seem to be mainly interested in having their own allowance raised, and have sent an address to the New Zealand Government, demanding a daily allowance of 8/- in addition to their yearly pay of £36.

They are asking also for greatly increased numbers of native officials, village heads, native judges, plantation inspectors, etc., the salaries amounting to approximately £4,000 per annum.

On the other hand, the natives refuse to pay direct taxes to the Admihistration, and European taxpayers are unfavourable to the Samoans’ excessive demands, unless the natives bear at least some of the financial burden.

Impressive Pile

New Fiji Government Offices From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, June 1. # | J HE most important of the many **■ Coronation Day ceremonies here was the laying of the foundation-stone of the new Government offices by the Governor, Sir Arthur Richards.

After the stone had been laid, Lady Richards deposited within it a leaden casket containing a copy of the special Coronation number of the Fiji Times, a copy of the Hindu paper, Shanti But , and the Fijian journal, Na Mata, as well as a set of Coronation stamps and some Fiji coins.

The new buildings, when completed, will be a most impressive pile. They will have a frontage of 536 feet on one side and 294 feet on the other, while a clock tower, 115 feet in height, will surmount the main entrance.

Two Japanese Boats

ARRESTED Australia Acts At Last THERE has been liveliness on the Darwin front, in the war against Japanese poachers.

The Federal vessel Larrakia swooped early in June, caught, and arrested the mother-ship, New Guinea Maru, and the Takachiho Maru.

The Larrakia's starboard engine broke down, and she had to crawl back to Darwin by the inner channel. The draught of New Guinea Maru was too deep for the inner channel. So the Australia officials released her and arrested the Seicho Maru instead: and set off slowly for home.

The Larrakia's long* absence alarmed the authorities, and they sent out Dr.

Fenton (“the flying doctor”) in his plane. He found the Larrakia, creeping home with her two prisoners, 500 miles away, and brought back reports on June 15.

The Australian Government will send another patrol boat, and a patrol aeroplane to Northern Australia.

MR. G. E. CLIFT Death In Solomon Islands jVfR. Geoffrey E. Clift, of Guadalcanal, IV i British Solomon Islands, died on June 8. Pneumonia was given as the cause of death.

Mr. Clift was one of the best-known and most lovable men in the Solomon Islands, and a wide circle of his friends in the Pacific and elsewhere will learn of his death with the deepest regret.

Mr. Clift spent some years in Fiji, where he was employed by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company as a surveyor.

Some time before the war, he went to the Solomon Islands and entered the planting industry, taking over the Pairo Estate, on Meringe Lagoon. He was one of the Solomon Island planters who enlisted with the British forces when war broke out in 1914, and he served with distinction. After his military service, he returned to his plantation in the Solomons and took an active part in public affairs there. He became a member of the Advisory Council and he was one of the most active members of the Solomon Islands Planters Association. Through his activity and energy, in travelling over the group and organising the planters, he was successful in obtaining concessions from the Administration in connection with native land leases.

The late Mr. Clift, although he suffered much in later years from ill health, was always cheerful and witty. On one occasion, when he came to Sydney, he was intercepted on the boat by a reporter, who asked him if there was anyone of importance on board.

“No one of any importance lives in the Solomons,” replied Mr. Clift; and this remark, to the amusement of 8.5.1. people, was solemnly reported in the Sydney Morning Herald.

Mr. Clift was about 60 years of age.

Where the Foundation Stone was laid. 6 Pacilic Islands Monthly. June 23. 1937

Samoan "Welcome"

To Minor N.Z. Official From a Special Correspondent APIA, June 3.

THIS certainly is a country of quaint political happenings.

The other day a Mr. Holland, a minor official in New Zealand, and a son of the late Labour Leader, passed through Apia on the Maui Pomare.

Mr. O. F. Nelson took the opportunity to arrange a ceremonious “welcome,” a demonstration on the wharf, and an entertainment at Vaimoso, (the Mau headquarters) and an affectionate farewell.

Mr, Nelson paraded with the leaders of the local “Labour Party,” a feeble organisation which sprang suddenly into being a year ago, when the “Goodwill Mission” was due.

The demonstration was watched with wonderment by the citizens of Apia, who could not understand what it was all about.

Well-Known Mining Man

Killed In Papua

PORT MORESBY, June 15.

MR. F M. Murdoch, general manager of Mandated Alluvials and Dominion Gold Ltd., who arrived here by the Macdhui from Melbourne on June 11, was badly injured in a motor accident on June 14 and died in the hospital to-day.

Large New Lake

Seen By Airman In Dutch New Guinea A DUTCH Always pilot, when flying from Seroei (Geelvink Bay, northwest of Dutch New Guinea) to Aika (on the south coast, east of Mimika, across Dutch New Guinea, discovered a large lake, a few weeks ago.

The position of the lake is, roughly, 80 kilometres north of Mimika, and 150 kilometres east of Etna Bay. It is considerably west of the Carstenz summit,' in the Snow mountains.

The lake is about 5000 feet above sealevel, is about 10 miles long, and is surrounded by grassy plains. There are smaller lakes in the vicinity. The aviator said there were some 40 canoes on the lake, and the people appeared to be fairly light in colour. They cultivated beautiful gardens.

The discovery is regarded as important.

The lake, probably, will be valuable as a base for an exploring expedition, and as a landing place for amphibians.

Advice has been received from London that New Guinea was represented within Westminster Abbey during tne recent Coronation celebrations, in the persons of Lieut.-Colonel Walstab, Superintendent of the New Guinea Police, and Mrs.

Walstab.

Australian Coastal Vessel For New Guinea TTHE North Coast steamer Coombar, of * 581 tons, was purchased early in June by W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., to replace one of the company’s vessels lost in the Rabaul eruption.

The Coombar left Sydney on June 9 to be towed to Rabaul (where a crew awaits her) by the tug St. Mamyn, which was sold a few weeks ago to Eastern buyers.

After delivering the Coombar the tug will continue her journey to China.

Until recently the Coombar, which has twin screws and was built in Glasgow in 1917 for the North Coast S.N. Co. Ltd., ran regularly between Sydney and North Coast ports.

Rabaul'S Future

Expert Committee To Advise DISCUSSION concerning the suitability of Rabaul as the future administrative centre of New Guinea has filled columns of the Australian newspapers since May 29.

Many people have urged that the administrative centre should be removed to the mainland to Wau, to Lae, or Madang. The editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly , in an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on June 2, urged the claims of the Morobe-Ramu plateau, on account of the good climate, the fertility of the soil, accessibility by aeroplane from Australia, and the impetus that would be given to settlement and development there.

There has been much criticism of the Administrator, owing to his insistence on the early re-occupation of Rabaul. This matter is referred to elsewhere.

The Commonwealth Government, after a number of indefinite statements, finally announced, on June 16: “After the report of a scientist on the safety of Rabaul is received the Government proposes to appoint a committee to prepare expert advice from medical, shipping, commercial, transport, aviation and administrative viewpoints on the suitability of Rabaul as a permanent capital.”

Meanwhile, the Government is experiencing difficulty in finding a “scientist” cr “seismic expert” capable of saying whether Rabaul is or is not in danger of further volcanic eruptions.

Loloma Nearing

PRODUCTION •THE production stage of Loloma (Fiji) ■*“ Gold Mines N.L. is drawing steadily nearer. The electrical plant has been shipped from England to Fiji and the balance of the other plant has just left Australia.

This almost certainly will prove to be a rich mine.

A. G. SMYTH & CO.

New Firm Starts in Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, May 26.

A BUSINESS deal of interest has just been completed.

The old-established business, general store and bakery, of Mrs. N. Davidson (formerly E. Hutch) has been acquired by Hon. A. G. Smyth, a prominent business man of Samoa, who has had control of some leading business concerns in Apia, and of late has conducted the business of Messrs. O. F. Nelson and Co. Ltd. as manager and director.

The new firm, Messrs. A. G. Smyth and Co., will start operations as from June 1. 7 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Tent Town At

KOKOP O, N.G.

Aftermath of the Eruptions THE “great trek’’ from Rabaul on Sunday, May 30, will never be forgotten.

Officials were helped by Europeans and natives in evacuating hospital patients first. Then motor cars and lorries followed down the road to Nordup. White people, Chinese, and several thousand natives marched to the wharf, and in an orderly manner embarked in rowing boats and small ships. All were aboard by 7 p.m., and though the ships rolled dangerously, they duly reached Kokopo.

The Vunapope Mission at Kokopo, which expected to receive a small detachment, had to receive a vast crowd; and schooners were bringing still more refugees, including 100 from the north coast. Hospital patients were taken to the mission hospital, whites were billeted in the houses; Chinese and natives were concentrated in special areas. All food was commandeered and doled out in rations.

Everyone accepted the situation with laughter and joked, even though the whites had to go unshaved, and to wear their dusty and muddy clothing.

Altogether, on May 30 and 31, some 8,000 persons were landed at Kokopo— mostly from vessels which had to lie nearly a mile from the shore.

They were simply a jumble of distressed people—no spare clothing or comforts or conveniences, and little food a*d shelter. But the spirit of goodfellowship and co-operation prevailed, and soon social organisation was created and an orderly little town was established.

The first care of the Europeans were their women and children, and the inmates of the Rabaul hospitals. They received hospitality, almost beyond description, from the missionaries at and near Kokopo, and from the planters and; residents of the district. Their thanks especially are due to Bishop Vesters and his staff, at the Sacred Heart Mission at Vunapope. This mission, at first, cared foi about 600 people, of all classes.

One of the most remarkable, and yet pathetic, features of this stranded army was the dourness and courage shown by the women (said one reporter). From daylight to dark they operated canteens, feeding the tired workers. Housewives cooked and fed as many as 20 or 30 persons staying in their homes, and others turned their hands to jobs to which they were not accustomed.

Asiatics and natives at Kokopo were placed in separate camps, away from Europeans. They were watched closely by the health authorities and every precaution taken to prevent any outbreak of disease.

District-officer Waugh, assisted by Mr.

McMullen, A.D.0., and Dr Backhouse was in charge at Kokopo. Helped willingly by thb European meii and women, he quickly brought order out of chaos. But, for a day or two, until supplies came forward from Rabaul, it was simply a matter of making the best of things. The Chinese and native camps, at first, were simpiy a bivouac. But it was surprising to note how quickly feeding, cleaning and sanitation were placed upon an ordered basis.

Writing on June 3, Mr. Dawes, special Telegraph correspondent, said: “Kokopo gives the impression of market day at a happy seaport town.

“If one turns one’s back on the three craters, from which huge clouds of smoke are continually belching five and seven miles away, one sees hundreds of Europeans, Asiatics, and natives hurrying on important business or chatting gaily.

“Motor cars and lorries dash backwards and forwards, while natives unload ned foods, cooking utensils, suitcases, etc. from schooners.”

The arrival of supplies and equipment by the MaTaita simplified the Kokopo problem.

With \ ulcan and Matupi volcanoes still belching forth intermittent clouds of smoke and steam, the Malaita arrived at Blanche Bay on June 6. and anchored oft the Kokopo refugees’ camp, finishing her 1400-mile non-stop dash from Brisbane.

Administration officials immediately took charge of emergency food supplies and medical comforts. The cargo was landed at Ralum. 2\ miles from Kokopo, by lighters.

Water was conserved as much as possible.

Many refugees had been sleeping on the floors of private homes, and in every conceivable type of shelter. On June 6, many of them were given tents to house eight people, and a canvas town soon appeared.

By the middle of June, Kokopo had developed into a busy little town. Businesses had been opened up by the people who had similar interests in Rabaul, and trading generally had been fairlv brisk.

Both the Commonwealth and New South Wales banks had established branches in the town.

It was reported on June 15; A daily schooner service between Kokopo and Rabaul has been established by W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., and Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., and many workers who are employed in Rabaul return m a ,fv 0 mH 0 “ Ch night ' Kokopo now has many little canvas towns,” and food can be obtained from the stores, but fresh meat is not plentiful. The daily schooner service should relieve this difficulty.

Mrs. Theo Greaves, formerly of Suva, who also spent some time in Tahiti, is now settled at Walsingham Terrace, Hove, Sussex, where her young son is at a preparatory school nearby.

Mr. F. C. Clapcott, a former member oi the Fijian Legislative Council, who spent some months in Sydney, left for his home in Fiji recently. Mr. Clapcott has been a well-known sugar planter in Fiji for many years.

VIGNETTES STRIKING descriptions 0/ the eruption were supplied to a Sydney journal , ‘"Woman,” by two women residents of Rabaul. Here are extracts : • Mrs. K. M. Bignell, lessee of A the Hotel Rabaul, who did not leave Rabaul: “From Saturday until Tuesday night all three were erupting continuously, and the ear-splitting crashes that occurred at frequent intervals were terrifying. Sleep has been impossible. Now, however, things are calming down . . .

On Saturday, the rain of smoke and pumice from Vulcan Island made the town as black as pitch by 4.30 p.m. Added to this the electric power station failed, and we had no light, except for the lightning, which flashed eerily all through the night.

All day Sunday and Monday the police were bringing in all manner of household pets they had rescued from deserted homes. It was hard work finding accommodation for them all, especially as, in their terrified state, they were not willing to make friends.

“Five inches of dust and lava envelop the entire town in a blanket of grey. It looks as though a great battle had been fought there, tress and houses crouching under the terrific bombardment of mud and pumice they have received.”

Mrs. J. S. Symington, wife of A an executive of W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.: “Women in every kind of incongruous attire, mute testimony of their distress, left their homes early on Sunday after a sleepless night, during which the noise of the repeated explosions was deafening, and proceeded to the European Hospital, whither they had been bidden to mobilise.

Thence, we went to Nordup and aboard the ships.

“First went the invalids, then the women with children. Those without children carried or led their dogs, cats and canaries. Some had hurriedly packed a few clothes and provisions, but the majority, with the fear of the night still upon them, left too hurriedly to collect anything.

“The heat was intense and those without haTs soon felt it badly. They tried to get what protection they could by tying handkerchiefs on their heads, or from the protection of thick hair, which was soon filled with whits powdered dust and ashes. Some were badly burned B^».« f aliing ash; some ha 1 their faces singed; all were dirty and their clothing, which had been white, was almost black before Nordup was reached. Our eyes were red and stinging with the powdered pumice that filled the aw.

“The Kokopo women were wonderful and were waiting to help us as soon as we arrived, many of them taking refugees into their homes.”

H.M.A.S. Australia On

Pacific Tour

nPHE Australian warship, H.M.A.S.

Australia, will leave Sydney on July 15 for North Queensland ports. Port Moresby, Samarai, Rabaul and Salamaua.

It is understood that, on this tour, she will carry the Governor-General of Australia, Lord Gowrie. She will bring His Excellency back ( to Brisbane, and will then leave for the New Hebrides, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.

She will call at Hog Harbour, Port Stanley, Vila and Tanna, in New Hebrides.

The sloop Sivan will visit the following ports: Rabaul, Kavieng, Peterhaven, Alexishaven, Madang and Salamaua, in New Guinea; Nauru; and Faisi, Gizo and Tulagi, in the Solomons. 8 Pacilic Inlands M6rifli I y , June 23, |9 3 ?

Volcanic Eruptions Compel Evacuation Of Rabaul

Residents Endure Many Days of Terror, Dirt and Discomfort—Followed By Period , of Administrative Discord—Two Europeans and Several Natives Killed VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, long-expected, occurred near Rabaul, chief town of New Guinea, on May 29. A new crater formed at Vulcan Island, and the old Matupi crater exploded.

Rabaul and countryside were smothered under a huge fall of ashes and dust.

The whole population, after a night of terror, was removed to Kokopo. Many women and children have been brought to Australia.

A section of the civil population is in sharp conflict with the Administrator, on the question of whether Rabaul is suitable for re-occupation.

'THE story of the eruptions, the evacua- * tion of Rabaul, and many events associated therewith, has been told in scores of newspaper despatches from Rabaul and Kokopo.

From those disconnected despatches, the following account of the disaster has been compiled. So that the events may be followed, they have been chronologically arranged.

FRIDAY, MAY 28. ■THERE was a sharp earth tremor at 1.15 p.m. The harbour waters receded and returned. There were landslides along the Kokopo road. Matupi crater commenced to send out heavy smoke.

Mrs. G. Further, wife of a Rabaul storekeeper, was lying in bed in her home, eight miles from Rabaul, suffering from a broken hip when a tremor shook her house down. She was thrown to the floor. A wardrobe in her room blocked the door and native boys had to climb through the windows to get her out,

The “Black-Out”

SATURDAY, MAY 29. tremors commenced at dawn, and continued, with growing intensity. Great earth-cracks opened on Matupi Island. From noon onwards, there was a feeling of uneasiness among the people.

Between 4 and 4.30 p.m. (approximately 4.20) Vulcan Island blew up in a succession of terrifying explosions.

Masses of smoke, steam and volcanic dust covered the sky; ashes and dust were showered over the entire countryside northwest and north of Vulcan, including Rabaul; total darkness supervened within 30 minutes. Matupi crater also became very active, shaking the town continuously. Frequent bursts of flame over Vulcan had the effect of lightning discharges which continued all night.

White-hot rocks were thrown to a great height out of Vulcan crater. The town was literally smothered in dust—people could not see more than a few yards.

Thus commenced a night of terror, in which few slept. Yet there was no panic.

The people gathered in groups, at first, to discuss the situation. Their hair became matted with dust and their mouths filled with mud. There was dust everywhere.

Vulcan’s activity continued severely for some two hours, and then subsided somewhat, and by 9 p.m. it was noticeably reduced. Conditions continued very alarming and unpleasant, however.

With the darkness, there presently came torrential rain, turning the du»t into mud and adding to the terrors of the night. The downpour quickly formed raging torrents on the hillsides northwest of Rabaul, and these tore at least three gaping canyons across the road to Wunawatung and the north coast, and cut off road communication in that direction.

This exceptional rain was the result of the condensation in the cold upper air of the masses of steam being ejected from the volcanoes.

EXODUS A general exodus from Rabaul commenced early in the evening’.

Many people tried to get away by Kokopo and North Coast roads, but they were mostly blocked by debris and landslides. A number of Europeans went aboard the American freighter Golden Bear, which had come in for copra, and was lying in the harbour, between the town and Vulcan.

Early on Saturday evening, while CHRONOLOGY May 28* Earth Tremors May 29, 4.20 p.m.; Vulcan erupts.

May 30: Evacuation of Rabaul. 1 p.m.: Matupi erupts.

May 31: Refugee town established at Kokopo.

June 1-2: Continued volcanic activity.

Women and children ordered away. Vulcan now 600 ft. high.

June 3-5: Volcanoes quieter.

June 6: Relief ship Malaita arrives at Kokopo.

June 7-8: Administrator urges return to Rabaul. Sharp difference of opinion with civil population.

June 9: Montoro sails for Australia with 75 women and children (passages paid by Government) June 10-20: Bitter criticism of Administrator for insisting on re-occupation of Rabaul.

This map shows, on a scale of about 5 miles to 1 inch, the scene of the eruptions.

Ashes from Vulcan overwhelmed Carpenter’s slipway and nearby native villages and spread far to the north.

Ashes from Matupi Crater (between Mt. Mother and Matupi Harbour) fell in Rabaul.

Vulcan was erupting in a terrifying manner, large numbers of private cars, filled with fleeing families, went up the eastern road, towards Namanula and Nordup.

Women with small children crowded into the Namanula hospital, and the doors were closed, to keep out the dust and the sulphur fumes. The fumes, outside, were overpowering, while inside, the heat was unbearable.

Cars continued to arrive, adding to the dirt and confusion. The later arrivals were literally covered with ashes and pumice dust. There were innumerable urgent inquiries after friends and relations, but no panic. The children were gathered into special rooms at the hospital, out of the dust and fumes. The parents sat up all night.

Captain Eugene Olsen, of the Golden Bear, decided to get out of the harbour, and in the darkness he ran the gauntlet between Vulcan and Matupi, through water covered with masses of dust and cinders. He got his ship safely out into Blanche Bay, and then he went around to Nordup, where he lay for the rest of the night.

The New Guinea people expressed much gratitude to this American captain and crew.

Radio Men’S Troubles

The radio operator on the Golden Bear, Victor Castner, an American, aged 45, was ashore when Vulcan erupted, and was never seen again. Probably, he fell into the harbour when trying to get aboard, through the dust and darkness.

Because the eruption was threatening the radio station in Rabaul, the maintenance of the Golden Bear outfit was necessary; and Mr. S. W. Faulkner, a member of the staff of W. R. Carpenter and Co., volunteered to take over the station.

Mr. Faulkner was confronted with a great pile of official and private messages, awaiting transmission, but he stuck gallantly to his big task. For a time when the A.W.A. men were driven out by sulphur fumes and ash, Mr. Faulkner’s radio was the only means of communication with the outside world.

The radio receiving station at Malaguna (two miles from Rabaul) was in danger, and the Rabaul inspector, Mr.

Twycross, advised the operator on duty, Mr. L. C. Coleman, to leave. Mr. Coleman remained, however. Meanwhile, Mr. C. H.

Sturgeon, another operator, got the women of the radio station into a car, and set out for the north coast. They encountered dust, ashes, mud and torrential rain; Mrs. Thomas fell and broke her leg; but they got through. Mr. Sturgeon tried to return, but was held up by a cloudburst and washaways.

At the transmitting station, in Rabaul, Mr. C. B, Alexander was making every effort to keep the equipment in action, but when cinders, sulphurous smoke, and mud overwhelmed him, and the power plant broke down, and he could no longer see, he gave it up. Thus, for a little while only, was Rabaul station off the air —actually, from 6 p.m. on Saturday until 12.15 a.m. on Sunday.

Evacuation Of Town

SUNDAY. MAY 30.

DY Sunday morning, Vulcan had become quieter, but Matupi’s activity had markedly increased.

Judge Phillips, in the absence of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator, took charge of the situation. He decided upon the immediate evacuation of the town’s population to Kokopo, via Namanula and Nordup. He found that, during Saturday night and in the early hours of Sunday, a large proportion of the European population had gathered on the hill at Namanula, behind Rabaul, where there are a few residences, Government House and the European hospital: and women and children had been cared for there.

An emergency organisation was quickly put into operation, to take care of mobilisation, transport and supplies. Police and special messengers were sent out in all directions, instructing the people (800 Europeans, 1,000 Chinese and over 5,000 natives) to assemble quickly at Nainanula and Nordup.

The organisation was:—Judge Phillips in charge of Rabaul and district; Mr.

W. B. Ball in charge of police and essential services; Mr. R. Melrose in charge of stores; Mr. H. A. Gregory in charge of Nordup Beach; Mr. D. Waugh, assisted by a committee of officials and residents, in charge of Kokopo and district. On the medical side, Dr. R. W. Cooper was in charge of Rabaul and district, and Dr. T. C. Backhouse of Kokopo and district.

These officers were assisted by bodies of officials and civilians and, in the circumstances, extraordinarily good work was done. The difficulty of removing some 8,000 people, from a smothered town, over choked roads, with improvised transport, supplies and shelter, can be better imagined than described.

As the people assembled, they were drafted to cars, and taken to Stony Beach at Nordup. It is about two miles from Rabaul to Namanula, and another two miles from Namanula to Nordup. Transport was exceedingly difficult. The roads were choked with dust, ashes and smashed trees, and many cars had been buried.

There were hours of weary waiting in the heavy, humid heat, amid dust and discomfort, but there were few complaints. They were “all in it together.”

The Golden Bear, which had come round to Nordup during Saturday night, was the first to receive refugees from' Nordup beach. But all sorts of schooners and small craft were pressed into service. There was only*a small wharf — the larger craft had to lie off, both at Nordup and Kokopo.

The officials, willingly assisted by volunteers, worked tirelessly. They not only had to shift the entire population, but they also had to provide for their shelter and food. It was declared to be “a state of emergency,” and transport and supplies were commandeered as required.

That some 8,000 people, with food and equipment, and including aged folk and the inmates of hospitals, were got away from Nordup beach between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., with improvised transport, was a masterpiece of organisation, co-operation and hard work, for which full credit must be given to Judge Phillips and his officials.

Patients from the European hospital were carried out, and down the beach by natives, on stretchers and mattresses.

Native patients from the Rapindik hospital were similarly removed. Some went crazy with fear and fled, however.

Four, one of them a woman, were found on Monday, wandering naked in the deserted town.

The gaol was opened and the prisoners set free. In the following week, they helped to clean the streets and returned to gaol of their own accord.

Matupi Eruption

HTHE embarkation was proceeding with orderliness at Nordup, and the Golden Bear was on her way to Kokopo with a load of Europeans and natives, when Matupi exploded (about 1 p.m. on Sunday). There was a momentary panic

Brig.-General W, Ramsay Mcnicole

Judge F, B, Phillips

10 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Alexandria, N.S.W. among some hundreds of Chinese; but this soon subsided.

The outburst from Matupi came in a series of explosions, rumblings and severe tremors. Showers of mud, from the crater, began to fall in Rabaul. It served only to hasten the evacuation and embarkation.

Women on the Golden Bear were terrified when they saw Matupi erupt. Some screamed and cried. They thought the people still in Rabaul must be killed.

After Matupi erupted, on Sunday afternoon, the 1,000 natives at Matupi Island decided to leave, and joined the refugees at Nordup.

The Montoro Arrives

linTH great joy, the people saw the ▼▼ old Montoro appear off Nordup on Sunday afternoon.

The B.P. steamer had completed discharge at Kavieng and was en route to Salamaua when, on Saturday night, she was asked by radio from Judge Phillips to return urgently to Rabaul. Captain Michie responded immediately and every ounce of steam was crowded onto the ship. She ran into the volcanic dust on Sunday morning, 100 miles north of Rabaul, and when she reached Nordup on Sunday afternoon she was coated thickly with it.

“Our boats were all swung out and, as soon as we arrived, the officers commenced the job of embarking the refugees from Nordup beach,” said Mr. Clark, the purser, in a despatch to the newspapers on June 2. “Altogether 180 Europeans and 3,000 natives were embarked.

“Discipline ashore was excellent. Although dishevelled and smothered in volcanic dust, the people remained cheerful, and all had been taken aboard by 6 p.m.

With our decks crammed with natives, we then set out for Kokopo.

“Captain Michie, commander of the Montoro, took the unusual course of broaching his cargo to supply the refugees.

“Authority for the use of the cargo, which was mainly for Salamaua, was obtained from the mainland. It included rice, flour, meat, tinned foods, biscuits, coffee and tea.”

It was late on Sunday before the Montoro left for Kokopo. Captain Michie decided that it would be inhuman to land his complement in the darkness, so he lay all that night in sheltered water, gave the unfortunate people all the comfort possible, and landed them on Monday morning at Kokopo.

Radio Men On The Job

/'AN Sunday morning, the A.W.A. men ” set to work to reestablish radio communications.

Mr. Twycross set out for Kokopo, to re-establish a wireless service through the steamer Montoro, which was approaching. Mr. Sturgeon had somehow got back to the Rabaul wireless station over the wrecked roads. He found that Mr. Alexander had got the emergency generator into acton, and had the station on the air again. Mr. H. S. Burgess also was busy at the receiving station, and was “working” Sydney. Then the Matupi crater erupted.

Mr. Twycross joined the Montoro on Sunday night and established communication with Australia through that ship’s equipment. Finding the Rabaul station was again exchanging traffic with Sydney, Mr. Twycross hurried back to Rabaul, and sent a small emergency equipment to Kokopo, thus enabling a wireless service to be opened between that town and Rabaul.

The staff worked 18 hours a day to cope with the greatly increased traffic, and from June 1 to June 5, approximately 1,700 official and private messages, representing about 60,000 words, were handled by the Rabaul and Kokopo stations, apart from a great deal diverted through the Papuan stations. A.W.A. men in Papua assisted New Guinea, and traffic between Australia and places in New Guinea outside Rabaul and Kokopo, also New Ireland, Manus, and Bougainville, was passed through Port Moresby instead of Rabaul.

The radio operators carried on in the face of four major difficulties: The deposits of pumice broke down the electric power lines, so that they had no power for their equipment—they got over this by running their own petrol engine and generating plant; they had no light, so they used oil lamps; the fine pumice dust invaded their offices and clogged their typewriters, so they reverted to handwriting: and they had four or five times the normal traffic, so they worked 18 hours per day.

North Coast Refugees

TAESPITE the cloudburst an<L the destruction of the roads, a large number of people got through to the north coast, where they were hospitably treated by the planters. On Sunday night, two women refugees on the north coast cooked meals and cared for more than 80 people, who had been forced into the home of one of the district’s leading planters. This work they carried on for nearly two days, until rescued by a relief ship and taken to Kokupo. It had been impossible for the refugees to leave the house by road, because of the cloudburst which followed the eruption.

MONDAY, MAY 31.

A HEAVY fall of pumice during the night was converted by rain into mud, which smashed countless trees in Rabaul and made the streets into quagmires.

It is reported that not one tree, in this famous town of avenues and gardens, remains intact.

By Monday morning it became apparent that many had remained behind in Rabaul, and the garrison (officials and volunteers) there had little sleep for two nights. First Rabaul had to be cleared of the remaining people, and then the road to Nordup had to be kept open.

The emergency organisation, under Judge Phillips, took urgent and necessary step's to transport stores, etc,, for the 8,000 people at Kokopo.

This day, it was reported that “Vulcan, by night, shoots into a sky a red mass, which falls like rockets.”

The Administrator (General W. R.

McNicoll) arrived in the afternoon from Lae by aeroplane; and, thence, he went immediately to Kokopo.

In a public notice the Administrator warmly praised the calmness displayed by all during the disaster, and evacuation of over 8,000 people, which was carried out between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. on Sunday.

The Harbour

'l/'OLCANIC activity during Saturday * and Sunday caused the harbour water to rise and fall, but damage was less than expected. Judge Phillips, on Monday, summarised the result. Carpenters’ old jetty, behind their store (which was about to be replaced) collapsed. Carpenter’s slipway, behind Vulcan island, and the steamer Durour , which was on the slips, were buried by the eruption of Vulcan.

Merfeld’s small schooner Meto was 11 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Telephone: FL 2641 a r. 4 washed into the garden of Mr. Townsend, the treasurer at Rabaul.

The schooner Feads sunk at her moorings.

Two Carpenter steamers —Durour (820 tons) and Duris (671 tons), which were trapped in the harbour and lost—were valued at £20,000.

The little wooden motorship Desikoko, though trapped in the harbour, eventually escaped, on June 2. Half-way out her engine, clogged with pumice, stopped, but it was restarted, and the vessel got clear.

The smaller of the two “beehives,” which are coral outcrops in the centre of the harbour and well-known landmarks, disappeared beneath the water.

A New Mount

TUESDAY, JUNE 1. volcano was now reported to * be a cone over 600 feet high. On Saturday morning, it was a small, very low island, which appeared after an eruption in 1878. The crater which erupted on Saturday was quiescent; but, at 12.20 p.m., another violent eruption occurred, and a new crater appeared on the eastern side of the cone. This time, the ashes did not fall on Rabaul.

It was reported, this day, that the uprising of Vulcan had filled up the former deep water between the island and the mainland; and that land had appeared between Vulcan and Matupi island, suggesting that the harbour (Simpscnhaven) had become landlocked. Subsequent inquiry showed that what appeared land was really floating pumice, and that the channel was open.

Destruction Of Cars

A NEWS despatch of this date:— Evidence of the hurried escapes from Rabaul can now be seen.

Cars which apparently refused to run, and others which have been wrecked, are scattered along most of the outer roads.

At Nordup beach, where many hundreds ot people were embarked, there are two paddocks choked with cars.

Scores of cars were nearly buried in the wrecked streets, where they stood before the eruption occurred. It is estimated that damage in this respect alone amounts to £200,000.

Several cars on the north coast road at the time of the cloudburst after the eruption were caught up in torrents of water and swept into the sea.

All the remaining cars in Rabaul and in Kokopo were commandeered by the Administration, which supplied, the petrol necessary, and used them under the state of emergency. Owners among the refugees, who up to this time had complained very little, were now anxious to find out the possibilities of compensation.

It was reported, only in April, that there were over 1,000 motor cars and trucks centred on Rabaul.

Administrator’S Summary

IN a statement circulated throughout the community at Kokopo, on June 1, the Administrator said:- “A state of emergency continues to exist, and the Administration has taken over control of all essential services.

“Rabaul will be untenable for many weeks. The water supply has become polluted, and no sanitation arrangements are at present possible.

“The present bad position will be intensified when the rain comes, as the roofs of all houses are thickly covered with volcanic dust, which will become thick mud immediately it rains.

“In the circumstances, it is necessary to restrict the number of persons who may visit Rabaul.

“Only those officials on duty and others with urgent business to attend to will

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be allowed to proceed from Kokopo and land at Nordup. Written authority must first be obtained.

“The public can assist greatly by selecting from among themselves messengers to collect needed household articles left behind in the hurried evacuation. Heavy articles, other than cases containing essential clothing requirements, may not be removed.

“The roads at present are fit for traffic only from Nordup to the Burns, Philp garage. Beyond that, the roads are strewn with fallen branches, so that the collection of more than essential requirements is impossible.

“On my arrival at Kokopo from Lae I was greatly relieved to observe the stoic calm with which the residents of Rabaul and district were accepting the unfortunate situation that has been forced upon them.

“We will hasten the work of clearing the debris in every way, but some little time must elapse.

“It is extremely desirable that as many women and children as possible proceed to Australia.”

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2.

A LL three volcanoes, Vulcan, New Vulcan and Matupi, were active; but the wind was favourable, and the showers of ash and pumice missed the town.

Said one commentator, on the 2nd: “The pall of black ash over the land and sea contrasts vividly with the towering column of white smoke, reflecting the brilliant sunshine.”

FRIDAY, JUNE 4.

'"PHE Administrator declared that every- * thing at Rabaul would be functioning normally within a week; but the business community and the public service would not accept this view.

SATURDAY, JUNE 5.

HPHE Rabaul-Kokopo road had now been partly cleared, and motor transport was able to make two return trips per day, with supplies for the people at Kokopo.

Administrator V. Civil

POPULATION MONDAY, JUNE 7. *T*HE Administrator on June 7 issued a * despatch announcing that he considered that Rabaul was habitable, that the departments would be brought back from Kokopo within a few days, and that no further rations would be issued to refugees at Kokopo after midnight on Wednesday, June 9.

On June 7, the Administrator informed the Australian Minister, Mr. White, by radiophone: “There was no reason why Rabaul should not be in full occupation as a capital by the end of the week.”

This day, it became apparent that there was a sharp division of opinion between the Administration and commercial interests on the question of the immediate re-occupation of Rabaul. Representatives of business firms were unanimous that it would be wiser to wait and make sure that there would not be any recurrence of the volcanic activity, but they agreed to co-operate by giving the Administration control of their goods and equipment until the present emergency passed.

On Monday, June 7, for the first time, women were allowed to visit Rabaul— but only to collect personal belongings, to take to Australia. They were prepared for the worst, but they said later they had not believed that such conditions of dirt, destruction and disorder could be possible.

TUESDAY, JUNE 8.

DY June 8, electric light and power services had been practically restored, thus allowing the two freezers (Carpenters and the Rabaul Freezing Co.) to regularly supply fresh food, and other establishments to operate.

In an interview on June 8, General McNicoll said that suggestions for the transfer of the capital away from Rabaul could be classed as a form of hysteria.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9. 9 1 ’HE heads of the leading firms were * emphatic on June 9 that they would 13 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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ZJJJJLfJL*** I I ■ m •,*r m W: 'Jd not take their full staffs back to Rabaul while it remained as at present—a mass of dried mud and penetrating, nauseous dust.

“We are not going back at present; my opinion has not been changed by any despatch,” said Mr. P. Coote, manager of Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., in New Guinea. He said the company would operate on a small scale to serve the small population which would be returning to Rabaul. As the population of the town increased the operations of the firm would increase. He said that he preferred to take medical advice before that of anyone else.

The general manager for New Guinea of W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., (Mr.

W. H. Carpenter) said that the only way to clean Rabaul was to get everything possible out of the town and to send 2,000 or 3,000 labourers to scour the place. His company had no intention of abandoning Rabaul, but its premises would only be kept open at present for the use of the plantations, and not for ordinary business. His idea was to keep a skeleton staff of 10 there for that purpose, and to remove everything he could to Kokopo.

Mr. Carpenter said that he refused to let his staff work at a place where there was 2,000,000 tons of dirt to shift, and which was filthy. He could not ignore the health of the employees, and the 10 men who would work at Rabaul would return to Kokopo each night. He had learnt that the chiefs of the native tribes had advised their people not to go back, to Rabaul, and it was well known that many natives had refused to go back.

He thought that the Administrator’s despatch suggesting a return to normal had been issued several months too soon.

It was reported this day that some public servants do not disguise the fact that they are opposed to returning to Rabaul. They state that they will not return unless ordered to do so. They are anxious for the Commonwealth Government to take some action..

On June 9, the Administration called the eruptions a “nine days’ wonder’’; declared that the majority of people were anxious to return to Rabaul; and declared that a radio broadcast description of Rabaul by the A.B.C. was “largely exaggerated and inaccurate.”

The latter statement was sharply challenged by the chairman of the A.B.C.

THURSDAY, JUNE 10.

THERE was a sharp tremor, in which buildings rocked noticeably, early on Thursday evening, followed by a burst of activity from Vulcan, but there were no serious developments.

By this time, all residents of Rabaul had taken to wearing masks in the streets to avoid breathing the irritating dust. The Administration, in an effort to cope with the dust nuisance, began pumping water from the harbour through fire hoses, on to the nearer streets.

Many live electric wires were still lying about, and one native, coming in contact with a wire, was killed.

It was noted, this w r eek, that pumice was floating so thickly upon the harbour that vessels had difficulty in moving through it. Persons could walk easily over the surface of the water, upon the pumice.

FRIDAY, JUNE 11.

HUNDREDS of Chinese responded to the Administrator’s invitation to go back to Rabaul and reopen their shops.

In a large number of cases, however, they just took one look at their shops— and returned to Kokopo. Consequently, it was reported on June 11 that very few of the shops in Chinatown, Rabaul, were open.

Occupation Of Rabaul

OIGHT up until June 20, daily reports in Australian newspapers described the choking dust which filled the streets of Rabaul. the unwillingness of the people to return, and their resentment of the attitude of the Administrator.

Sir George Pearce, Australian Minister for Territories, on June 16, publicly announced that he was ignoring the com-

(Continued On Page 71)

14 Pacific lsian-ds Monthly, June 23, (937

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About Islands People

Mr. Ivan Champion, an assistant resident magistrate in Papua, arrived in Sydney on May 31 by the Macdhui on three months’ holiday. Mr. Champion led an expedition through an unexplored area in Papua last year.

Messrs. H. Stevens, H. Morton and H.

Weekley, of the Tavua gold field, Fiji, recently visited Melbourne on business associated with the Emperor mine.

M. Marchessou, Governor of New Caledonia and Commissioner-General of France in the Pacific, made an official visit to the New Hebrides in April and, meeting all classes of people there, he made an excellent impression upon both the French and British communities.

Captain F. Stenbeck, who was drowned in the wreck of his scow Yvonne on the New Zealand coast, was held in high regard in Samoa and the Central Pacific, where he had been in command of small vessels for many years. He was a famous storyteller, and many tales and poems from his pen have been published. He had been mate and captain of over 40 different Islands vessels—his last command was the Burns Philp schooner Choiseul.

Mr. Albert F. Possin, an old resident of Samoa, died in Apia on May 25. He settled in Apia under the German regime in 1907, after having taken part in the Gauss South Polar Expedition. After serving the Government at the Observatory, and as Chief of Police, he filled various positions as trader and planter.

During the last few years he suffered from illness. His wife is chief typiste in the present Administration service, and his two children are at present in New Zealand. The burial service was attended by a representative gathering, including the Acting Administrator.

Brother Nicolas Schorn, a faithful and loyal member of the Roman Catholic Mission in Samoa, died in Apia after a long and lingering illness, at the age of 67. Brother Nicolas went to Samoa in 1906.

Major H. S. N. Robinson, general secretary and treasurer of the Melanesian Mission in Sydney, returned from New Zealand by the Monowai on June 8.

Mr. A. H. Bunting, M.L.C., of Samarai, Papua, who was booked for home by the early June Macdhui, had to go into the Chatswood Community Hospital, Sydney, for a minor operation. He expects to be in good shape again in July, in time for the Legislative Council meeting at Port Moresby.

Mr. and Mrs. N. G. Hides, and their two children, sailed from Sydney for their home in Papua, by the Macdhui early in June.

Mr. G. E. Banks, who has been appointed officer-in-charge of the Rabaul Electricity Company, sailed from Sydney for Rabaul, N.G., on June 5.

Mr. J. J. Gilmore, who has been a resident of New Guinea for over 16 years, left Sydney for his home early in June.

Capt. F. C. Rennels, of the New Guinea mission at Samarai, Papua, returned to the Territory from Sydney by the Montoro on May 23.

Mr. H. E. Snell, who has been secretary of Messrs. Morris Hedstrom Ltd., Suva, for 25 years, has been appointed general manager and secretary of the company, as from July 1.

Mr. Davies, the American aviator, who is in charge of the Sikorsky seaplane used by the Papuan Oil Development Ltd., in Papua, became ill while the seaplane was undergoing overhaul in Sydney early in June, and was sent to a private ward in St. Vincent’s Hospital. Probably, he will be there for four or five weeks.

Rev. and Mrs. A. J. Thompson returned to Papua in June after two years’ furlough in England. Mr, Thompson is Rector of Samarai.

Mr. H. M. Smith, managing director of Guinea Airways Ltd., left Sydney by the Macdhul on June 5, on a business visit to Lae, New Guinea.

Mr. and Mrs. J. H. H. Millett returned to Fiji in May from a holiday abroad.

Rev. Mother Ursula, of the Convent of St. Joseph de Cluny, Suva, left for a holiday visit to France on April 30. She was accompanied by Miss A. Brailey, of Suva, who intends to join the order of §t. Joseph de Cluny.

(Continued Overleaf)

15 Pacific’ Islands Monfhly, June 23, 193 7

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Mr. G. W. Marston has arrived in Apia, Western Samoa, to succeed Mr. E. E.

Dunwoodie, who for long years was Postmaster and Radio Superintendent in Apia.

He was accompanied by Mrs. Marston and their young daughter.

Mr. E. S. Neaverson has received an appointment with Ruston & Hornsby (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. as Interstate representative. Mr. Neaverson served an apprenticeship with the parent company in England and was later associated with Barford & Perkins prior to their amalgamation with Avelmg & Porter.

Mr. and Mrs. C. Southey, of Ba, Fiji, returned from leave on May 6.

Mr. H. L. Dowling, one of the best known district officials in New Guinea, returned to Rabaul by the Macdhui on June 5, after a visit to Sydney.

Mr . F A Rowle left for the Solomon Islands by the Ma y laita on May & 29 .“Sg* Rowley attended the Anglican General Synod in New Zealand in April, and spent some time in Australia before returning to Malaita, 8.5.1., where he is a teacher at Maka College.

Sister A- Bank Matron of the Metho . dist Mission’s Hospital for women and chi]dren at Ba> is making satig . factory progress, after an operation, at Melbourne.

Mr. J. S. Neill, British Consul and Agent in Tonga, passed through Auckland from Suva on the last trip of the Matua. Mr. Neill subsequently visited Pitcairn Island on official business, travelling by the Ruahine from Wellington.

Mr. Neill, who was accompanied by Mrs.

Neill, will be back in Nukualofa in June.

The death occurred at Waiyevo, Taveuni, Fiji, early in May of Rev.

Father Villaine, a popular priest of the Roman Catholic Mission in Fiji. Father Villaine, who was born in France, went to. Fiji over 40 years ago, and had laboured in the Colony ever since.

Mrs. R. A. Gale, of Lautoka, Fiji, arrived in Sydney on June 6 by the Aorangi.

Mrs. H. G. Allen, a well known resident of New Guinea, sailed from Sydney for Wau by the Macdhui on June 5.

A wedding of interest took place in Suva, Fiji, on May 21, when Miss Alison Ellis, youngest daughter of the late Mr.

Gordon Ellis, of Chatswood, N.S.W., and Mr. Hamilton Reynolds Huntley, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Guy Huntley, of Turramurra, N.S.W., were married in the Church of England Pro-Cathedral by the Bishop of Polynesia (Rt. Rev. L. S.

Kempthorne). The reception was held at Macdonald’s Hotel.

Rt. Re v . Bishop Nicolas, S.M., Vicar Apostolic of Fiji, returned to the Colony from New Zealand on May 6.

Mrs. A. T. Collins, of Salamaua, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney on May 31 by the Macdhui.

Mrs. C. R. Doyle, of Kokopo, New Britain, arrived in Sydney at the end of May for three months’ holiday with her parents at Gunnedah, N.S.W.

Mr. F. C. Exon, A.W.A. manager in Fiji, returned on May 21, accompanied by Mrs. Exon and family.

Mr. Jim Lancon, of Ouesso Plantation, Port Sandwich, returned to the New Hebrides after a long vacation in Australia by the Morinda from Sydney on May 27.

Mr. “Johnny” Young, direct descendant of Edward Young, “Bounty” mutineer, arrived in Sydney from Norfolk Island for the first time by the Morinda on June 17. For the past year he has been residing on Lord Howe Island.

Mr. S. O. Martin, who runs a sheep station on Erromanga Island, in the New Hebrides, returned after a holiday in Australia by the May Morinda.

Rev. E. Lawton, of the Melanesian Mission, Norfolk Island, arrived in Sydney with his wife by the Morinda on June 17.

Mr. A. Nurton, A.D.0., in the New Guinea public service, who lost his left foot as the result of an attack by Rai Coast natives last year, was among those removed from the Rabaul Hospital when the eruptions occurred. He has been sent to Sydney, for another operation.

Captain H. G. Murday, harbourmaster at Thursday Island, has been transferred to Brisbane, and has been succeeded by Captain J. D. Gray, of Bowen, Q.

About Islands People

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'J.iagetie Tom Harrisson’s Exploits in New Hebrides Sharply Challenged by MaleKula Resident Letter to the Editor TN the March issue of the you * referred to a book written by a man named T. H. Harrisson, the name of the book being “Savage Civilisation.”

Notices of the same book appeared in various papers in other States, and in England, and also extracts contributed by the same person to some of the English newspapers.

In all these, remarkable claims are made of particular and super-knowledge of Malekulan people and their customs; also claims of having witnessed and participated in cannibal feasts; of having been initiated into the first grade of the Maugke; of having lived with the primitive Big Nambus people for a considerable period: and (in the English papers) a claim of having lived for two years amongst cannibals on Malekula and of having gained this super-knowledge by the method of “going native,” etc.

Mr. Harrisson makes the claim of having been a member of the Oxford University expedition to the New Hebrides. By inference, some people might perhaps think he is an Oxford University man. He is not an Oxford University man, neither graduate nor undergraduate; nor is he of Cambridge; nor is he of any University whatever. In the English papers he is described as a “Young Anthropologist”; in your magazine and other Australian papers as a “Biologist.” He must have gained those qualifications in very recent months.

When he was in this Group, he was a bird-collector both for the British Museum and private profit.

He arrived in the Group with the Oxford University Expedition led by Dr.

Baker. Until August, 1935, he was in Santo Island. About the middle of, or early in August, 1935, he arrived in Malekula, stopped for short periods at Vao and Atchin Islands; then amongst the Small Nambus people in the north of the Island; and at Taumaro, one of the accessible Big Nambus villages; and one or two smaller villages adjacent. It was suggested that he had been to Zinambit and, by inference, to Amok, two of the less accessible villages. This latter suggestion was disproved when, a few months later, he visited these villages in the company of the Government District Officer. At the utmost, his “living” with the primitive people could not have exceeded three weeks.

In September, 1935, he came to Bushman’s Bay, which he made his headquarters, till he got a temporary position as assistant to the local District Officer, whilst the latter was relieving a fellow officer in the Vila Office. From September to January he was never in the Big 17 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Nam bus area, except in the company of the District Officer.

In January, 1936, he got the temporary job mentioned above—it lasted for five months. He made his headquarters at a place called Tontow —incorrectly called Meteuavat by him. Here he erected a large, native-thatched house of elaborate style. This place is many miles away from the Big Nambus area.

It was during this term —January to June, 1936 —that all his wonderful experiences occurred. He “was initiated into the first grade of the Maugke in the Meteuavat tribe.”

There is no Meteuavat tribe, nor was there ever such a tribe. There were a few human flotsam and jetsam accumulated in late years, at a place called Meteuavat. These were remnants of defunct inland villages, runaways, refugees, etc. —some 25 in all. This is what Mr.

Harrisson describes as the Meteuavat tribe. His initiation consisted in his killing three borrowed pigs, whilst Mr. Lewis, of the Douglas Fairbanks filming party, industriously turned the handle of his camera. It was performed at the back of the Government hut spoken of previously, in front of one of the labour houses.

He may have thought he was being initiated; but the natives thought it was a huge joke.

His super-knowledge of native customs would or should have w r arned him against claiming to have eaten human flesh at a native feast. Not having been initiated by the native custom,) he could not eat in the Ganxale with or at the same fire as men. He would eat only at the women’s fire.

His statement about his long locks being the admiration of village maidens is pure bunk. Natives have prompt methods of dealing with that sort of philanderer, and he would have been soon passed out on his ear at least, if not knocked on the head. Anyhow, after he reached Bushman’s Bay, his locks, like those of Samson before him, were cut off. His claim about going native, insofar as a true native horror of soap and water and ordinary decency and cleanliness is concerned, may or mav not be true. The natives never mistook him for a native, whatever they may have thought of him as a white man.

He gives a great praise to the missionaries. They do not return the compliment. To them all, of whatsoever sect, he was anathema.

I think that what I have written disposes of some of Mr. T. H. Harrisson’s glories and stories. If he wants further and more minute and less pleasant details, he has only to dispute these facts.

I am, etc., E. CORLETT.

Malekula, N.H., May 16, 1937.

Mr. J. Beveridge, who has been in charge of the quarantine station at Makuluva, Fiji, for some time, has been appointed a sub-inspector of constabulary in the Solomon Islands and, accompanied by Mrs. Beveridge, left on May 11 to take up his new appointment.

Dr. W. Ramsay’s retirement from the Fiji Government medical service after 31 years’ service was marked by a complimentary dinner tendered him by the local members of the medical profession.

Rev. F. G. Lewis, Chairman of the New Britain District of the Methodist Mission, has been appointed a Legislative Councillor for the Territory of New Guinea. 18 Pacific Isla n d s Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Those New Guinea Pygmies

Early Researches By Father Kirschbaum Letter to the Editor PERMIT me a few words on Lord Moyne’s cablegram, which was published in the P.I.M. of April, page 41.

If Lord Moyne, after ‘(repeated inquiries in England and RabaiTl” has not been able to find my article referred to in P.I.M. of November, 1936, I am certain the fault for his failure does not lie with the libraries of the great English Universities.

Lord Moyne complains that I accused him of claiming for himself the discovery of the pygmies in the Schrader ranges.

In my letter to the editor of the P.I.M. in November, it was not I who accused him, for I was merely quoting an English newspaper and the P.I.M. Thus, if now Lord Moyne disclaims the discovery of these pygmies for himself in the cablegram, and anybody be to blame, Lord Moyne should lay the blame at the right door: the newspapers which I am quoting. But even now, in his book “Walkabout,” according to one review (Melbourne Herald, quoted by the P.I.M. of March) Lord Moyne “claims to be the discoverer of a race of pygmies in New Guinea, among the Aiome mountains.”

As I am not in a position to spend 35/on Lord Moyne’s book, I am unable to decide whose statement is correct; Lord Moyne in the cablegram disclaiming the discovery for himself, or the Melbourne Herald claiming this discovery for Lord Moyne.

Lord Moyne says in his cablegram: “Am surprised that Father Kirschbaum heads his German article ‘Newly Discovered Pygmy Race;’ and describes them as hitherto unknown, although Mr. Stanley had visited them five years previously as quoted in my book.”

I really am sorry now not to be able to read what Lord Moyne says in his book about Mr. Stanley’s visit to the pygmies. The only book I know of, written by the late Evan Stanley on the Territory of New Guinea, is his official “Report on Geology and Natural Resources of the New Guinea Territory,” published in 1922. In this official report of 93 pages there is not one word about his having visited the pygmies, nor does the word “pygmy,” nor any other intimation that he knew of the existence of pygmies, occur once in the whole report.

Stanley says: “I made several expeditions, both east and west of our anchorage, to the villages within a radius of 15 to 18 miles.” (Report, page 32.) And further: “I had the pleasure of meeting (not visiting—F.J.K.) the Upper Aiome people . , . they are short (emphasised by me—F.J.K.) but well developed.” (Report, p. 79.) And, in the same report, Stanley reproduces a picture showing himself with “natives from the Aiome mountains, interested in the transit of the sun.”

Now, I take it, these my quotations here, probably would be the quotations in Lord Moyne’s book also. Well, it is not impossible that Stanley really did meet some of the pygmies on his expeditions, but he certainly does not say so anywhere in his book; and, if he met them, he probably was not aware of the fact that those short people he met were pygmies. And the natives shown in the above-mentioned picture certainly are not pygmies, because they have not the typical hair-dress of the pygmies in the Schrader ranges.

If Stanley had visited the pygmies and had recognised them as such, he certainly would have mentioned the fact and would have described their hamlets, the typical form of their houses, etc.

After his return from that trip, I had a long talk with Stanley about the people he had met, and whom I also had met, right back in 1916, but he never mentioned a word about pygmies, of whose existence neither he or I was aware at the time.

The same case of not recognising these pygmies as such happened long before Stanley’s time. A couple of months ago, my friend, Father Joseph Schebest, of Bogia Mission Station, told me that he had found in an old number of the German review “Globus,” of October 23, 1902, an article entitled “Pygmies in New Guinea?” by Prof. Weule. In this article, which was shown to me, there were reproduced three (I believe) photographs,

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It was only the study of these photographs by Prof. Weule that brought forth the above-named article.

Therefore, unless Lord Moyne has produced other evidence to disprove my statement, I still claim that I was the first European to visit these pygmies.

And so I myself am not at all “surprised”, as is Lord Moyne, at the heading of my German article, “Newly Discovered Pygmy Race.”

I am, etc., FRANZ J. KIRSCHBAUM.

Alexishafen, Madang, T.N.G.

May 21, 1937.

Mr. and Mrs. Ken Hay sailed by the Malaita on May 29 for their home in Banika, Solomon Islands, after a holiday in Sydney.

Coronation Medals

From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, May 31. /CORONATION medals were received by the following residents of Papua: Miss Alice Cottingham, teacher for '■many years at the Anglican Mission schools.

Rev. Matthew Kerr Gilmour, of the Methodist Mission in Papua.

Hon. Arthur Jewell, member of the Legislative and Executive Councils of Papua.

The Lieutenant-Governor (Sir Hubert Murray, K.C.M.G.).

Sister Mary Paschal, of the Roman Catholic Mission in Papua.

Rev. the Hon. R. Lister Turner, M.L.C., of the London Missionary Society, Papua.

Coronation Day In Tahiti

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, May 14.

TTIIE British Consul-General, Mr. Gor- * ton, gave a very handsome reception, at the Consulate at Papeete, on May 12, in honour of the Coronation of their Majesties, King George VI. and Queen Elizabeth.

Those present included His Excellency, the Governor of French Oceania and Madame De Gery; the officers of the Administrative and Judicial Services and their ladies; the Consul of the United States and Madame Mersmann; and a large company of French, British, and United States residents of Tahiti.

New Guinea Goldfields

ROAD From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, May 25.

T'HE Administrator (Brig.-General Mc- * Nicoll), accompanied by the new Director of Public Works (Mr. Field), is away on an inspection of the Morobe goldfields, and it is understood that the possible construction of a road from Salamau to Wau will occupy their attention.

Senator Foil, who is a director of New Guinea Goldfields, recently passed through here on his way to Morobe, and he expressed the hope that the road would be put through at an early date, otherwise the life of his company was in danger. It is argued that, with a Salamaua-Wau road,, all transport difficulties will disappear and enable the profitable working of low grade ore.

Gold production in the Morobe field reached a record figure during March, when 52,619 ounces of bullion, valued at £A277,868 were exported. For the nine months a total of 282, 519 ounces, valued at £A1,549,585, were exported—a record.

Mr. and Mrs. S. Audet, of New Caledonia, arrived in Sydney by the Chitral on May 27, and after spending a few days there, returned to New Caledonia.

Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Collins, of Nauru, left Melbourne on June 5 for furlough in England. Mr. Collins is engineer for the British Phosphate Commissioners. 20 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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“Fijian” Lost

Result of Explosion Near Marshalls From a Special Correspondent JALUIT, April 21.

HN March 25, an S.O.S. was picked up ” by the wireless operator here. It was then reported that something had happened to a steamer in the neighbourhood of Aur, an atoll about 150 miles N.E. of Jaluit. Later, it was learned that the vessel was on her way to this port under her own power. Later, still, there were further S.O.S. signals, then silence.

A small Japanese inter-island steamer, equipped with wireless, that happened to be at a nearby atoll, was instructed by the local authorities, to go to the rescue.

Three days later the vessel arrived here with 10 white men all Norwegians and 20 Chinese on board the captain and crew of the vessel that had sent out the distress signals.

It appears that this craft, the Fijian, 6,000 tons vessel, powered with Diesel motors, port of registration, Panama, was on her way from San Francisco to New Guinea with a cargo of gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil and lumber. About 5 a.m. on March 25. the weather being fine and clear, a terrific explosion occurred in the fore-hold: the hatch was blown open, the derrick was smashed, and a lot of lumber on deck shot overboard. Two of the Chinese crew were injured, one of them seriously, and another thrown overboard.

The chief engineer states that from the shock of the explosion, he thought the vessel had struck a reef. Rushing on deck, he saw lumber floating past, and a man with an arm over a piece, waving his other arm to the vessel as she sped onward. Then the bell rang, and the vessel stopped.

What appeared to be columns of smoke poured out of the damaged hatch. Fearing a similar explosion aft, which would have certainly destroyed the boats, these were lowered immediately, the Chinese crowding into the larger. A little later the captain and officers took to the other boat, but stood by the vessel at a little distance.

A couple of hours later danger signals subsiding, all returned on board. The motors were started once again, and the course was set for Jaluit.

A leak had developed, and the pumps were kept going, but the leak gained, so the course was altered for Mejuro, an atoll, much nearer than Jaluit.

About 5 p.m., when about 12 miles north of Mejuro, the vessel began to list badly to port, and it became evident that she could not be kept afloat long enough to reach safety in that lagoon, so all hands took to the boats once more. Fifteen minutes later, the vessel turned turtle, and then sank bow foremost.

Sails were then hoisted in the boats, which were headed in the direction where the land was supposed ta be. The wind being light, and the sails small, little progress was made during the night. Just before daybreak, the lights of an approaching steamer were sighted.

It proved to be the inter-island steamer Officers of (he lost motorship “Fijian”; and (inset) Captain Parker, the Commander. 21 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Apply Box 92. Haymarket Post Office, Sydney, Australia. which had been despatched in response to the S.O.S. A few days after arrival here, one injured man died. It is expected that the crew will leave for Japan within a few days.

Within a week of the sinking of the Fijian, much of her cargo drifted ashore at Mejuro and Arno. The exact quantity is not yet known, but probably there is between two and three thousand drums of gasoline, many cases of kerosene, benzine, etc., and a large quantity of lumber.

Just what will become of all this is not yet apparent.

Fiji Coronation Honours

/CORONATION honours awarded in Fiji were as follows: Companion of St. Michael and St.

George (C.M.G.): Hon. Juxon Barton, Colonial Secretary.

Officer of the Order of the British Empire (0.8. E.); Mr. H. W. Simmonds, Government Entomologist.

Member of the Order of the British Empire (M.8.E.): Mrs. W. E. Willoughby Tottenham, wife of Hon. W. E. Willoughby Tottenham, M.L.C.

GUINEA AIRWAYS LTD.

New Guinea Business Improves GUINEA AIRWAYS LTD., reports a net profit of £13,887 for the year ended February 28, compared with £25,876 the previous year, and £20,818 for 1934-35. Three dividends were paid during the year, one of 1/-, and two of /9 each per share, together requiring £9375. Against £95 brought forward, £4607 is carried forward. The 34th dividend, of 1/- per share, was paid on May 31.

Gross revenue was £96,134, against £137,729 the previous year. Tonnage carried by air was 6705, against 6476, and passengers carried numbered 11,869, against 12,137. The average freight charged per pound of cargo was /2.49, against /2.90.

The directors state that a decided improvement in New Guinea business has been indicated during the current quarter.

The directors have great confidence in the future of the Mandated Territory and Papua, and in the company’s capacity to operate profitably there. Australian operations were inaugurated by the opening of the Adelaide to Darwin weekly service at the end of February. This route has steadily developed in popularity, and, though still unsubsidised, is giving satisfactory results. During the current year, the business of Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd. (which has been wholly acquired by Guinea Airways, and is now in liquidation), will be incorporated in the company’s figures.

The company’s proposal to issue 80,000 preference shares has already been announced. The issue is to provide for expansion of operations in Australia, involving the purchase of additional highspeed multi-engined aircraft and the provision of ground organisation. The directors. state that the present plans for expansion have no direct bearing on whether or not the company is successful with its tender to the Commonwealth Government for the proposed Sydney- Salamaua-Rabaul route.

S.M.H.

Mrs. Eric Wood, whose husband is in the New Guinea Administration, arrived in Sydney with her daughter Patricia, by the Macdhui on May 31, en route to New Zealand. 22 Pacific Islands Montiily, June 23, 1937

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Fijian Navigators

Memories of the Great Canoes WE all know something of the great trans-ocean canoe voyages made in pre-European times by Tahitians, Rarotongans, and Samoans, with only sun and stars to guide them. Mr. Thomas Horne, of Suva, in May, gave the Pacific Islands Club some details of notable but lesser-known canoe voyages made by Fijians and Tongans.

Mr, Horne landed in Fiji in 1883, in time to learn from some of the old chiefs traditional accounts of those voyages which otherwise might have been lost.

From time immemorial, the Tongans made voyages b«tween their islands and those of Fiji. They came with the southeast trades in their soft-wood canoes.

Very little hard wood grew in Tonga.

The only island where they had any forests of importance was Vavau. On arrival in Fiji, they scrapped their canoes, and built others of vesi, a hard wood that was particularly desirable in their eyes, “It is said that the Tongans taught the Fijians to build canoes,” remarked Mr.

Horne. “If that was the case, the Fijians proved apt pupils, because they became the best canoe-builders in the South Pacific.” All the tools they possessed were an adze of stone, a chisel made of the same substance, and the rough skin of the ray, (called vai by the Fijians).

The favourite canoe was the great double craft or druo, constructed of planks, and sewn together with coconut sennet. The lower part of the hull was generally carved from a single tree: the upper works were formed of planks so admirably fitted as to hardly need the caulking of a thin strip of fibre.

Only one mast was used in the Fijian canoes, and the sail was the usual lanteen variety. As was the case elsewhere in the Pacific, these canoes all had their names. In a fair wind they could sail up to 12 miles an hour, and beat to windward at about four miles an hour. They were steered with either two or three paddles. The great steer-oar served as a lee or centre-board. With its aid, the craft were hove to in heavy weather.

“How did the Fijians navigate?” asked Mr. Horne. “No one really knows. The answer is, of course —partly by the sun and partly by the stars. At any rate, they generally managed to get to their destination.”

For years, the Tongans travelled between the Lau group and their own islands. Cargoes of vesi planks, sandalwood, tapa, and sinnet, and war clubs, made of hard wood, were taken by them to their own islands. As many as 250 men would travel in some of the canoes.

“Mariner’s ‘Tonga,’ which is recognised as a Tongan classic as far as the history of those islands is concerned,” added the speaker, “mentions voyages between Tonga and Fiji as ordinary events. The Fijians also sailed to Samoa. Rotumah, Futuna, Wallis, and as far as the Ellice group.”

The last fleet of canoes from Tonga sailed for Fiji in 1855, when King George I. (Taufa’ahau) came with 30 double sailing canoes, and called at Moce, Kakeba, Kabara, Totoya, Moala, and Gau.

Naturally, there were no ports of entry or quarantine restrictions in those days.

The Tongans left in February of that year and arrived at Bau on March 21, where they joined forces with Cakabau.

A combined fleet of 143 canoes attacked and took Kaba, and then went on to subdue Rewa. At Nukulau Island they rested and feasted, and then went on to Kadavu and so returned home without losing a single canoe.

The largest canoe in Fijian records, declared Mr. Horne, was built at Somo Somo, Taviuni, and was called “Rusa e Vanua” (Rot in the Land). “She was given that name because some of the chiefs thought she was so big that she could never be launched,” he added. “But she was launched alright and sailed perfectly.” “Rusa e Vanua” was subsequently lost with all hands on a voyage to Tonga. Mr. Horne gave her dimensions 23 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Another large canoe was the “Rama Rama,” built by Tongans at Somo Somo for Tui Cakau: she was 99 feet long and carried a crew of 50. On one journey between Taviuni and Bau she accommodated an additional 200 warriors. The speaker mentioned that his old friend, Mr. Jack Waters, was present in 1873 at the laying of her keel. Mr. George Barker, who is now in charge of the Suva Museum, was present when she was broken up at Somo Somo. “Rama Rama” took five years to build, and was given to Cakabau by Tui Cakau. She made three voyages to Tonga. Her masthead, and several of her steer oars, (which are 34 feet in length), are in the Suva Museum.

Mr. Horne also made mention of the “Joni,” built at Lakeba by Ratu Mara on his return from exile in Tonga. This canoe was given the name of “Joni” after that chief’s son, the well-known Ratu Joni Madrai Wi Wi. Vesi for her hull and planks was brought from Cakadrove.

“Joni” was 96 feet in length, had a beam of 6 feet 2 inches, a draft of 2 feet 7 inches, and a platform of 25 feet by 21 feet. Her mast was 60 feet high, and her yard was 81 feet.

Mara, according to Mr. Horne, when in command of his war vessels, was Fiji’s most experienced admiral. It was not for nothing that he has been called the “Nelson of Fiji.” When* in command of the “Joni” he rammed many an enemy craft. This vessel always flew long white streamers. After the defeat of Ratu Mara at Kaba he escaped in her to Lau., The “Joni” was subsequently owned by Cakabau, and was left by him to his eldest son, Ratu Epeli. When owned by the latter chief Mr. Horne sailed in her from Bau to Levuka.

The son of Ratu Joni, Mr. Horne explained, was the Hon. Ratu Sukuna, a member of the English bar, who fought with the French Foreign Legion during the Great War, and now District Commissioner in the Lau Group. “And a perfect gentleman if ever there was one!” the speaker added. Ratu Sukuna, incidentally, was one of the Fijian representatives at the Coronation of King George VI.

Mr. Horne said that he had compiled a complete history of the tribes that once occupied the country around Suva and neighbourhood, from the time they descended from the mountains until the period of the extensive massacre, that took place on the site of Sir Maynard Hedstrom’s present home. The population was at one time “enormous.” But, following the massacre, the people left the district, and for almost half a century it was practically deserted.

“But home is always home to the Fijian,” he remarked, “and eventually some of their descendants returned to the vicinity of Suva.”

Mr. J. Scott, Chief Engineer at the Nausori mill of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, returned to Fiji on May 6.

Mr. K. B. Thorne arrived on May 21 to rejoin the Suva staff of the Bank of New Zealand. Mr. H. Coombe is another member of this bank staff who recently rejoined after an absence of some years.

Mr. C. H. Dorreen and Mr. S. R. Egan, of the bank’s Suva staff, have returned to N.Z.

The death occurred at Naduri, near Labasa, Fiji, on May 16, of Mr. F. A.

Archibald, in his 56th year. Mr, Archibald was an old mining man, well known in Australia. He had spent many years in Fiji and was the discoverer of the Mount Kasi mine. He leaves a widow and two children.

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FULLEBORN At Fulleborn Harbour, about 30 miles Northeast of Lindenhafen. About 2471 acres of virgin land, agricultural lease 99 years from October, 1928. Annual rental £62/10/-.

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The Polynesian Wife Of

Thomas Lewis

Letter to the Editor IN your issue of April, 1937, I read with interest an article describing a memorial ceremony, marking the graves of the two first missionaries of the London Mission Society to die in Tahiti — Thomas Lewis, 1799, and John Jefferson, 1807.

I note that a heavy concrete slab laid over the two graves bears the following inscription: “Here lie Thomas Lewis, died November 27, 1799. and John Jefferson, etc.”

It may be of interest to your many readers to learn that this missionary, with others, landed in Tahiti as early as 1797; but the causes leading up to and the unhappy circumstances some two years later surrounding the death of Thomas Lewis are of significance and importance.

The following is an extract from a publication by William Ellis entitled “Polynesian Researches,” published by Fisher, Son, and Jackson, London, in 1829. Volume I. at page 94, reads: “Towards the close of the year 1799, the missionaries were called to the melancholv duty of conveying to the silent grave, i.inder verjf distressing circumstances, Mr. Lewis, one of their number, and the first missionary who had terminated his life on the shores of Tahiti.

He landed from the ship Duff in 1797, continued to labour with his companions, respected and useful, until about three months after the departure of the Nautilus with the families to Port Jackson, when he left the mission house, and took up his residence with a taio, or friend, in t.ie eastern part of the district.

“Three weeks afterwards, he intimated to his companions his intention of uniting in marriage with a native of the island, solemnly purposing to abide faithful toward her until death.

“Considering her an idolatress, the missionaries deemed this an inconsistent and unlawful act, but Mr. Lewis, persevering in his determination, they dissolved the connection that had subsisted between him and themselves, as members of the church of Christ, and discontinued all Christian and social intercourse with him. He was still constant in attendance on public worship, industrious in the culture of his garden, and in working for the King and principal chiefs, who were evidently much attached to him.

“On the 23rd of November, the missionaries heard he had died on the preceding evening. They hastened to his house, and found the corpse lying on a bed; the forehead and face considerably disfigured with wounds, apparently inflicted with a stone and a sharp instrument. The female with whom he had lived as his wife informed them that he went out of his house on the preceding evening, and that, hearing a noise shortly afterwards, she hastened to the spot whence it proceeded and saw him on the pavement in front of the house, beating his head against the stones. On looking at that part of the pavement where he had fallen, one or two of the stones were stained with blood.

“Some of the natives said that the evil spirit had entered into him; but, from several expressions that were used, there was reason to apprehend he had been murdered.

“Assisted by two or three natives, Mr.

Bicknell and Mr. Nott dug his grave in a spot near their dwelling, on the north side of Matavai bay, which had been selected as a place of interment. On the evening of 29th of November, 1799, Mr.

Nott, Mr. Jefferson, Mr, Eyre and Mr.

Bicknell bore his remains to the grave, where Mr. Harris read the 90th Psalm, and offered up an appropriate prayer to Almighty God.

“The circumstances of his death were truly affecting, and the feelings of the missionaries such as it would be in vain to attempt to describe. They have since learned that he was murdered, and some of them have also regretted that after his separation, kindness and friendly intercourse were not continued, which might perhaps, without compromise of 25 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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There are three salient features arising out of this narrative.

Firstly, the date of death of Thomas Lewis given is November 22, and not November 27, as inscribed on the memorial slab.

Secondly, the Tahitian wife of Mr.

LOwis was libelled an idolatress, although it was the wish of Mr. Lewis that he be married by his companions according to their Christian faith.

Thirdly, the suicidal suggestions as to the actual cause of deceased’s death were later rebutted, and it is now a proven fact that Mr. Lewis was murdered by intimidated relatives of his wife.

Thus, not only did Thomas Lewis die a Christian martyr, but he was the first and greatest martyr to the cause of those of us who can boast of our part-Polynesian blood.

I am, etc., Auckland, N.Z. 27/5/37.

FIAME.

Rev. John Bodger, who has been in Sydney on sick leave, returned by the Macdhui on June 5 to take up mission duty at Dogura, Papua.

Tubuais Charms

And a Scientific Mystery From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, May 14. little time ago a young man appeared at Papeete and announced lie was a scientist from a certain museum in the States and that he was on his way to Tubuai for the purpose of geographic research.

We thought we had not heard aright and asked him if it were not geological research. But he insisted it was geographic, and we have been wondering ever since what it was all about, for the young man was very reticent and declined to give details of his objectives.

What geographic mystery may reside in Tubuai has been a matter of discussion ever since. We remembered finally that Tubuai sits astride the Tropic of Capricorn and it has occurred to us that maybe the young scientist was commissioned by his museum to ascertain whether the Southern Tropic line traversed the island through a tunnel under tne mountains, or follows the contour of the peaks after the manner of the Great Wall of China.

Someone else suggested that he might be working on electric tests with a colleague in South America to find out if the Tropic of Capricorn has been warped or cracked by the violent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the Chilean Andes during recent years.

Tubuai is too far south and the climate there is too cold for coconuts to'mature —so there is no copra to export. The inhabitants apply their energies to the raising of pigs and cattle and turkeys and fowl.

The local schooner Teheiporoura, on her long voyages northward to Tahiti is, therefore, redolent —not with the acrid smell of copra, but with the odours of the barnyard which increase in violence as she proceeds under the heat of a tropical sun, until the fabled stench of the Augean stables becomes as a faint and gentle zephyr compared with the Teheiporoura when she finally arrives at Papeete.

But to us who are accustomed to this signal of her arrival it heralds toothsome turkey meat, tender fowl and fat pork in the market on the morrow.

Mr. R. J. Wilson, joined the April Montoro at Cairns on his way to Misima Island, Papua, where he took up a position with Cuthbert’s Misima Gold Mine Ltd.

Miss F. J. Pearce, a Methodist missionary, returned to Kiriwina, Papua, by the Macdhui on April 28. Miss Pearce, who has been doing missionary work in Papua for 21 years, was accompanied by her friend, Miss C. Coulson, who assists in her work.

Sivami Avinasananda, a Hindu priest, of Ramakriskra Mission, Belur, Math, India, arrived in Sydney in May by the Mooltan en route to Fiji to minister to the Hindu population there. 26 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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No Casino For Noumea

THE refusal of the French Minister for the Colonies to permit the establishment of a Casino in New Caledonia was the result of a report made by M.

Barthe, a Colonial official, sdys the Bulletin du Commerce, of Noumea. M.

Barthe was of opinion that the functioning of a casino would have a bad effect upon the morals of the people of New Caledonia.

The newspaper is wrathful and indignant. It refers to all the casinos which operate in France, without doing any noticeable harm to French morals, and it proceeds to tell M. Barthe just what it thinks of him.

The casino plan is dead, for the moment, however.

Men Who Knew Yesterday

William Blacklock, of Samoa

By Eric Ramsden

FROM the pages of the past they trooped, a goodly throng—kings and queens, chiefs and chieftainesses, soldiers, sailors, missionaries, beachcomers.

In fact,, there is hardly a name in the extensive Samoan bibliography of the last half century that William Blacklock. once Consul-General for the United States of America in Apia, does not recall.

From the windows of his home on the bush-clad slopes above Brisbane Water, he gazed east across the mangrove swamps and blue waters of the inlet, a view that was framed by tall, slender gums. The shadows lengthened. Soon the sun would sink behind the rocky, age-scarred mountains to the west.

But his thoughts were far away from the fading Australian landscape. The swamp oaks and gums were replaced by gently waving palms. Brisbane Water faded into the beach at Apia, once menaced by the guns of Britain, Germany, and the United States. In memory, the mountains of Tutuila were sharply etched against the tropical sunset, and within their embrace lay Pago Pago, now the most important naval station in all Polynesia . . .

Only the other day a giant American clipper of the air spread her wings on the waters of Pago Pago. When William Blacklock first saw that harbour, the echo of the paddles of the war-canoes had not yet died aw r ay. To him was entrusted the duty, on behalf of the U.S.

Government, of completing the settlement of all claims, both Samoan and European, to the future naval base; the negotiations for which were initiated by Consul-General Sewall in 1890.

A Pawn In The Game

He had seen the warships of the Great Powers assemble off Apia at a time when the whole world had watched, with no little anxiety, the battle for supremacy between rival chieftains for the kingship of those islands —a pawn in the international game.

William Blacklock had seen the warvessels of the United States and Germany pounded by the great hurricane of 1889, when every vessel then in port, with the exception of H.M.B. Calliope . had been destroyed, or hopelessly crippled by that appalling storm. In Rear- Admiral Kimberley’s report to the U.S.

Government occurs this passage: “Of the foreign residents of Apia, the U.S. vice- Consul, Mr. W. Blacklock. was pre-eminently conspicuous for his energy and good Mr. Blacklock. 28 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Coconut Plantation

FOR SALE TENDERS are hereby invited for the purchase of KWAIPAN BAY PLANTATION.

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Comprising approximately 520 acres af mature coconut palms and 280 acres available for further cultivation.

SITUATION : On Woodlark Island, Papua, 2 miles inland from Kwaipan Harbour.

COCONUT PALMS : Said to be 23,500, planted 1912-1918.

TITLE : M.P. No. 693/29, duration of 79 years 72 days from 28th March, 1929, annual rental £l3/6/8. Also No. 737.

Duration 25 years from 4th July, 1927, annual rental £2/12/-.

GENERAL INFORMATION : The Plantation is of coral formation, conveniently connected by light raj I and punt over a short distance of two miles to Kvaipan Harbour, at which port the Burns Philp sleamer calls at regular intervals. ' The Naval Wireless Station buildings leased from the Commonwealth Government are included on the Estate for sale.

These buildings, built of concrete, provide spacious accommodation for Europeans, also business premises and native labour, in addition to providing large storage space.

The Plantation is one compact block, the contour flat to undulating, thus affording economic working conditions in addition to the elimination of heavy transport costs. Gold mining operations on Woodlark Island provide a market for European and Native merchandise, thus offering an attractive field for local trading enterprise. The plantation presents an unusual opportunity to tenderers to secure a large, developed coconut area, together with ample undeveloped land available for expansion, and opportunity for trading.

TENDERS will close at the office of the Liquidator, 7 Bridge Street, Sydney, or Box 543-B, G.P.0., Sydney, on the 31st July, 1937, and envelopes containing tenders should be clearly marked "Tender, Kwaipan Plantation."

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Hand-in-hand with the chief Seumanutafa and a number of Samoans and Europeans, he waded into the swirling in-shore waters of Apia harbour, following the memorable hurricane, and rescued bodies. After some difficulty they secured the body of a young mid-shipman from the U.S.S. Vandalia. The lad was more dead than alive. In time, however, he recovered, and lived to return to the Pacific in 1925 as Rear-Admiral H. A.

Wiley, in command of the West Virginia and the battleship division of the U.S.

Fleet, then on a goodwill cruise. Unfortunately, Mr. Blacklock and the Admiral did not meet when the Fleet was in Sydney harbour. It was not until the eve of departure that Admiral Wiley learnt of Mr. Blacklock’s presence in Australia. However, they have been in communication since.

Storekeeper, trader, auctioneer, and finally Islands merchant in Sydney, William Blacklock has observed the Samoan drama since 1883. Born in Victoria of Scots parentage more than 80 years ago, he settled in Southland, New Zealand, with his family as a child. When a lad of 16 he sailed from Port Chalmers for the United States, and obtained his first glimpse of Islands life when passing through Honolulu in 1872. During a stay of 11 years in the United States, spent principally in the then still pioneering state of Oregon, he obtained American citizenship, a privilege that was subsequently forfeited on returning to his native land many years later.

Malietoa And Mataafa

When he first landed in Apia, apart from the missionaries and their wives, there was but a handful of Europeans in the group. There was no regular mail service. Foreign residents received their letters two or three times a year by schooner from Fiji.

He has lived through the most stirring period in Samoan history. As the official representative of his Government, in subsequent years he played an important part, both in the negotiations that followed the Malietoa and Mataafa episodes, and behind the scenes* He was one of the three Consuls who, with King Malietoa, signed the Berlin Treaty of 1890. Britain, Germany, and the United States were all vitally concerned in the fate of Samoa.

Fnally, the islands were partitioned between Germany and the United States.

Britain, compensated by being given a free hand in the Solomons and Tonga, agreed to withdrawal.

Since 1905, Mr. Blacklock has made his home in Australia.

The German administration so successfully initiated by Dr. W. H. Solf in W.

Samoa, has been replaced by that of N.Z. under mandatory powers from the League of Nations. But the real solution for the settlement of Samoa’s internal difficulties is no nearer finality than it was half a century ago. The Samoans still remain the “Irishmen of the Pacific.”

Across the pages of history pass a notable assembly There are Mata’afa, three times selected King of Samoa, and eventually exiled to Jaluit, in the Marshalls; and Malietoa, his predecessor, who had an even more extensive experience of exile in Germany, the Cameroons, and finally in Jaluit; Bassett ' Haggard (brother of the famous novelist), then a Land Commissioner in Samoa, once referred to Malietoa as that “poor battered old sovereign.”

Haggard, then a British official, was a contemporary of William Blacklock’s at Apia. On one occasion they were out shooting pukeko together. The Englishman, when jumping a ditch in a taro plantation, put a charge of shot through the rim of the American Consul’s tropical hat. “He was most apologetic, of course,” commented Mr. Blacklock, “hut it was, nevertheless, a close shave!”

Bassett Haggard was the author of a reply to R. L. Stevenson, which he titled “An Object of Pity” by “A Gentleman of Quality.” In satirical verse, he ex plained: “ Friend , I have written at your bidding.

Things until notv kept in hiding . . .”

The book is now keenly sought after by South Sea collectors. A copy is in the Mitchell Library in Sydney.

Association With Stevenson

Mr. Blacklock was associated with “Tusitala” and William Cooper, (a brother of the late Mr. Justice Cooper, of New Zealand), then a municipal magistrate in Apia, in establishing the Samoa Herald. Owing to its repeated attacks on the Germans, the Samoa Times had been closed up and the press taken to Fiji. “So we had to establish another paper.” Mr. Blacklock explained. 29 Pacific (sfancfs Monthly, June 23, 193?

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“Stevenson and Cooper were chiefly prominent. Naturally enough, I had to keep in the background.”

In those days an editor’s job in the South Seas was no sinecure. On one occasion a party of German ratings was detailed off to administer chastisement to the editor of the Samoa Times. However, they mistook their quarry, and Jones, the German Government printer (who was, of course, in German employ) received the punishment! In the dark, the ratings mistook their man.

“Socially, Stevenson was one of the whitest men and a most charming host,” said Mr. Blacklock. “He was kind-hearted and generous, but he was also a man with a most violent temper. I regarded him as a past-master in the art of swearing!”

But. politically, he considered R.L.S. was dangerously ambitious, and a menace to the peace of the islands. “So much so that at one time he was threatened by the British Government with deportation,” he added. “It must also be remembered, however, that Stevenson was an ill man, and I consider that his life was ruined through the influences of matrimonial entanglements.”

Among his photographs Mr. Blacklock found one of a young and handsome ga*, typical of the Samoan aristocracy of oo years ago. The girl was Sueiga’s sister.

Sueiga was the wife of the second Tamasese who, replete in uniform and epamettes, smiled grimiy from the opposite page. Sueiga achieved some notonty by dancing faa Samoa with a bust of Kaiser Wilhelm I. in her arms. The bust had come ashore with other flotsam and jetsom from one of the German war-vessels after the hurricane of ’B9. “Sueiga meant no harm,” said Mr. Blacklock, “but the German Consul took her action seriously, and demanded a very heavy fine!”

Incidentally, several pieces of plate that once belonged to the Trenton's wardroom and were recovered from the wreck, now grace the former Consul s sideboard as souvenirs of the great hurricane.

Dr. Shirley Baker

A Pacific personality known to Mr.

Blacklock was the Rev. Dr. Shirley Baker, Premier of Tonga, and holder of almost every portfolio within the gift of the old king, George Tubou I. They met at a time when the missionary-Prime Minister visited Samoa for the purpose of obtaining American citizenship.

The British authorities in Suva were becoming a trifle too inquisitive for Dr.

Baker’s liking, and he though that, if he secured American nationality, the Governor of Fiji would not have such a hold over him. “However, he found from Consul-General Sewall that he could not take out American papers in Samoa,” observed Mr. Blacklock. “Although Baker was primarily first for Baker, and Tonga came next, he was a man of great ability and he did a great deal of good for Tonga. The splendid land system which native-born Tongans enjoy to-day was the result of his vision, and they should be thankful to him. After all, Tonga is today the only independent kingdom in the Pacific.”

DR. SOLE Another figure that emerged from the past was Dr. Solf, the first German administrator of note in Western Samoa, whose memory is still revered by many Samoans. He was not entirely a novice in colonial affairs when he arrived in Samoa for he had served in what was then German East Africa, and he had also the good sense to study British administration in Fiji.

Mr. Blacklock instanced Dr. Solf as an example of the success of a well-trained civilian as Governor of Samoa. “It is no use sending a military man there.” he added. “Whites or natives will have none of them!”

Captain “Bully” Hayes was dead when Mr. Blacklock went to Samoa, but he knew his widow and two daughters.

“Queen -Emma” Of New Britain

“A slendid woman, and most capable in business,” was his description of “Queen Emma,” the daughter of Jonas M. Coe, an American resident of Apia, and his wife, a high-caste Samoan. “Koe”, as Emma was once known, and hed friend Moe. were such pretty girls that they were the toast of Apia. In later years “Queen Emma,” as the former became 30 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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She was married in Apia and her son still asides at Vaucluse, near Sydney.

The Purchase Of Pago Pago

One of Mr. Blacklock’s most important duties was to secure the purchase of Pago Pago harbour for his Government.

This was partly achieved on the island of Aunu, near the harbour entrance, the rightful chiefs having been driven out of Pago Pago by rebel warriors. “My instructions were to buy each and every claim outright,” he remarked, “and money was no object.” 100,000 dollars was appropriated for that purpose.

One of the results of the famous hurricane of 1889 was the birth of the American Navy as it is known to-day.

The war vessels sent to Samoa at Mr.

Blacklock’s request had been built in Confederate days. The United States Government realised that if her flag was to be respected in the Pacific and elsewhere, modern ships must be built.

One of Mr. Blacklock’s most exciting memories was the concealment of the American journalist, Kleibe, in the Apia Consulate. The Germans were anxious to secure him, and if they had done so, they would have hanged him from the yardarm of one of their ships. However, Mr.

Blacklock managed to get him into the Consulate, and later, through the connivance of Commander Mullen, of the U.S.S. Nipsic , he was taken on that vessel away from the group and transferred to a mail-boat.

Samoa has witnessed some dramatic interludes since the former U.S. Consul left her shores for good. Yet there are few people alive to-day who can claim to have greater personal knowledge of the historic happenings of the past.

N.G. Roads Closed To Copra Transport After Dark ON April 24, per medium of the New Guinea Gazette, and under the authority of the Administrator’s Powers Ordinance, the Administrator 'made the following new regulation, to come into operation on May 1: “Except within the boundaries of any town, no person shall, without the written consent of a District Officer previously obtained, use any road for the transport of coconuts or copra between the hours of 7 p.m. and 5.30 a.m. Penalty; Fifty pounds or imprisonment for six months.

There is no explanation of the new law, but apparently it is connected with the rapid growth of copra-production by natives (who have installed a number of modern driers), and with accidents which have occurred recently owing to reckless driving of motor-lorries by natives.

Mr. J. R. Budge, who has been staying for several months at Ouaco, in the north of New Caledonia, returned to Australia by the Maetsuycker on May 18.

Mr. Ken Nettleship, of the Customs Department, New Guinea, and Mrs.

Nettleship, arrived in Sydney from Rabaul by the Nellore in May.

JUDGE AYSON, C.M.G.

Leaves Cook Islands After 15 Years TUDGE Hugh Fraser Ayson, C.M.G., has ** retired after occupying for five consecutive terms, with marked success, the important and delicate administrative position of Resident Commissioner in the Cook Islands.

Fifty-two years of age last November, Judge Ayson was educated at Wellington College and Victoria University, N.Z., whence, scarcely out of his ’teens, he entered the Law, practising as a barrister and solicitor in Wellington from 1905 until his appointment as Judge of the Native Land Court in 1916, in which year he first joined the Cook Islands service.

In October, 1922, Judge Ayson was appointed to the triple post of Resident Commissioner, Judge of the High Court, and Judge of the Native Land Court at Rarotonga, thus taking upon his shoulders duties formerly borne by two separate officials, and which he has successfully carried out single-handed for 15 years.

Last month Judge Ayson announced that in view of impending changes in the personnel of the New Zealand Land Court it would be necessary in his own interests, to return to the Dominion and the Department from which he had been “on loan” to C.I.

Any attempt to estimate the work and influence of Judge Ayson locally must

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In Rarotonga, where every third European is connected with the Administration, the “Government” is virtually on people’s doorsteps, with the inevitable result that official actions are liable to be regarded as biassed, so that unless the Commissioner is prepared to forego the common privilege of friendship, he is certain to incur the charge of having his policies influenced by his friends.

In such circumstances no small degree or skill is required to combat the prejudices, the petty jealousies and ambitions of constantly warring factious, each seeking to advance its own interests at the expense of the others. And behind these is the great semi-inarticulate yet by no means unintelligent body of native opinion, easily offended and still more easily persuaded that its welfare is taking second place.

A natural tactician, Judge Ayson has sedulously eschewed party politics, and with enviable dexterity has set his course so that each political, commercial or social breeze has combined to blow him along in the direction he wished to go, and which was often quite contrary to where it was hoped they would carry him.

That this course has led to the betterment of the group is plain from the briefest perusal of the improvements effected during his administration, despite the fact that almost half his term of office has been spent under “the depression,” with its slashing seductions in Dominion subsidies.

In 1922, there were four Government schools in Rarotonga and four in the Lower Group islands, with a total of 1,300 pupils, functioning at an annual cost of approximately £9,000. By 1935, a new syllabus had been introduced, all existing schools enlarged and improved, and others established in the Northern Group, bringing the attendance roll up to 2,816 children, with a teaching staff of 71, 12 of whom are qualified Europeans, the whole operating at an annual expenditure of a little over £6,000 In the medical realm, extensions have been added to the hospital, including the installation of an X-ray plant. Soil sanitation, too, has been undertaken on a la,rge scale and the Government, in conjunction with the Rockefeller Institute, have erected over 2,000 fly-proof closets of cement construction, thereby substantially reducing disease from ground-borne infection. In 1926, a school dental clinic was inaugurated, with the part-time services of a professional dentist.

Radio communication in 1922 was limited to the single station at Rarotonga.

To-day, there are substations on the tour main Lower Group islands and a fifth on Manihiki, 650 miles, to the north.

The population of the Cook Islands, 8.000 in 1900, has risen to 12,000 and 2.000 of that increase has occurred during the past ten years.

Excellent as these improvements and innovations are, one feels that Judge Ayson’s claim to remembrance will prooably rest less on his material achievements than on his administrative policy, which has successfully kept the Group from any of the undesirable sort of front page publicity, such as has been so marked in the case of Western Samoa.

With almost uncanny intuition, he has always been at least one jump ahead of those who might have desired to throw sand in the machinery.

In so many-sided a personality it is difficult to specify any one aspect as representative of the whole, although perhaps characteristic of Judge Ayson is the unswerving loyalty and support which he accords to his subordinates — an attitude which can only be appreciated to the full by those who have actually served under him.

Judge Ayson is still a comparatively young man. Unless rumour lies, he leaves the Cook Islands for one of the most responsible judicial positions in New Zealand. With him will go, the hearty good wishes and congratulations of this small community.

JULIAN HILL AS.

Rarotonga, May 19. 32 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23 , 193?

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Lake Kutubu

May Be Ancient Trading Centre of Unknown Papua From Our Own Correspondent.

PORT MORESBY, May 28.

WHEN Ivan Champion set forth on his long patrol (April, 1936), into the interior of Papua, one of his objectives was the large lake first seen from the air, during a reconnaissance flight over this region early last year.

The lake lay hidden far away in the limestone ranges, south of the Tari- Furoro, in the Kikori headwaters. Houses and gardens could be seen plainly from the plane, both on the islands that studded the deep and vivid blue waters of the lake and in the valleys between the limestone spurs, running sharply to the water’s edge.

It was evident that the district held a fairly large population, and Ivan Champion’s object was to make contact with these unknown people and explore the country further north, to the Purari headwaters.

From the spurs of the Leonard Murray Mountains, likened by Champion to a giant octopus, the patrol pushed its way for many weary days (as described in the April issue) and on October 18 the lake was seen at last.

On the following day they reached the banks of a wide clear stream where natives, after trading with food stuffs, paddled them in canoes into the wide spreading waters of the lake, called Kutubu in the district.

“It was a glorious, fine morning,” writes Ivan Champion, “and the air was crisp and bracing. We paddled up the river, which is called Digimu, and we were told that it flowed into the Kiko.

The banks of the river were flanked with reeds. Over the trees could be seen the blue limestone range towards the Wage.

“We travelled for three-quarters of a mile and came into the lake. I will never forget the first sight of it. The view left us breathless.

“To the north-west was the gorge of the Tari-Furoro and the high mountain mass on its eastern side, which gradually sloped to the south east in long flattened ridges to form the Waga Furari. Beyond this plateau were high ranges. Northeast, a serrated range went south-east to end in a series of domes and castleshaped peaks; westward the ranges were lower, gradually rising towards the Tari- Furoro.

'‘The water of the lake was blue; its shores were dark green, with the lighter green of garden clearings. In the middle rose an island, with the water stretching away in the distance towards the end of the lake, which we could not see.

“Slowly, we were paddled towards the island. I took soundings but could not get bottom at 20 fathoms. As we approached the island we could see many figures at the entrance to the long-house, and there was our friend beckoning to us.

We landed, and a young man barred our way. But the old man called to us to come up and others thrust the young man aside.

“Fifty men sat on the verandah of the long-house. I moved towards the entrance, but the old man shook his head, so I did not go in. The wall of the verandah was decorated with hundreds ot pig-jaws. Separated from the longhouse by a street, 15ft. in width, was a row of 15 houses, each 18ft. long by 12ft.

Shy women peeped at us; they had cowrie necklets and a string covering in front, with a tapa cloak over their shoulders. Standing away from the dubu. at each end, were little houses like dovecotes, which were filled with skulls.

“The long-house was 76yds. long. On the side facing the women’s houses were little windows; probably to pass food through.”

Later, after some brisk trading for pigs and sago, a large fleet of canoes, manned by nearly 90 men, moved the party to the north-east side of the lake, where they made camp in a lovely bay, near the track to the Wage.

“We pitched our camp,” continues the the report, “near an old house overlooking the Jake and about 70ft. above it.

Lying on our bunks, we looked out across 33 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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PACKED EXPRESSLY FOR EXPORT IN TINS UP TO 50LBS. the lake and thought that even if we could go no further, Kutubu had been worth our hard struggle round Bosavi (Leonard Murray Mts.) and across the Hegigio (Upper Kikori).”

A long limestone peninsula jutted out from the south-eastern shores, ending in cone shaped islands on which grew pretty red and orange flowers, and at the side in a reed swamp nearby, beautiful water hyacinths. Numerous brown ducks were found swimming in the different bays, also black cormorants, and a bird which was taken to be a rail. In the clear water, near the shores, where everything could be seen clearly on the bottom, large fish were noticed which the natives caught with a pronged spear from canoes.

With the game they shot, added to the foodstuffs, sweet potatoes and sago, the party were able to vary their fare. The white men lived on pig, wild duck, sweet potatoes and sweet potato leaves, followed by sugar cane to satisfy their craving for sugar, which had long petered out.

Ivan Champion estimated the lake to be between 10 and 12 miles in length and from one and three-quarters to two miles wide and, on account of the shell trade and also some old blunt tomahawks in use, he took Kutubu to be a central trade market, the trade coming from the east from the Okani, to where the trading seemed to extend along well-defined routes.

Hints On Islands

COOKING all know what good cooking is—or ** ought to. Having been on the bachelor list of a matrimonial bureau for 20 years past, this writer knows what good cooking isn’t. Some of the things we haven’t learnt would fill lots of cookery books. 4 If you have done a day’s march into the jungle, and suddenly remember that you left the tin-opener hanging on the top shelf, near the sink, you immediately become distressed. However, it can be done without.

Take the bottle firmly in one hand, hold it hard against the tucker box and hit down. But, of course, we were speaking of cooking.

Place the tin on a stone. Grasp another stone firmly in both hands. Lift it above the head and throw down. If, after an hour or so of this, the tin doesn’t burst, you, will, but it is good exercise, and will probably bring on a bout of fever.

Lift the tin up and throw it at the nearest tree. If a tree isn’t handy, the cook-boy is just as good, providing it strikes him on the head. Then jump on it, and finally get a tomahawk and chop it open.

Bread is another problem. Get a tin hops and make the yeast. Ask your neighbour how to do that—it’s too advanced for us. When the yeast is made, mix it with flour and stand over-night— I mean the flour to stand.

In the morning knead it. Let it rise and knead it again. Put in tins and bake. Throw this lot away and say nothing.

Then start again and knead it more this time. Within about a week you will need it so much that you will get the baking powder and make a damper. How many of us have baked a damper in the ashes of our own bread!

I don’t think we bachelors are a success as cooks. I’ve never met any flourmillers they may have a different version.—L.H.W.

Madamoiselle Elizabeth Allequier, of Noumea, arrived in Sydney from Nevr Caledonia on her way to France by the Maetsuycker on May 18. She is the daughter of the late Professor Allequier, who was headmaster at the High School at Noumea. 34 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Imports Exports "Francs Vr*»Tlr*c 1000 57 710.000 45.634.000 1094 Z9 370 ooo /•K.677.000 103K 50 358 ooo 54.027.000 1936 50 042 000 54 873 000 Year Tons Year Tons 1928 3.692 1934 ...... 1.129 1930 3.864 1935 1.847 1931 2,608 1936 ...... 2,755 1933 2,370 Year Tons Year Tons 1912 376 1982 1.313 1919 599 1933 1,005 1924 818 1934 1,062 1928 952 1935 1.312 1930 709 1936 1,388 1931 1,157 V no v Tor*-' Yoor 1014 KR 797 1039, R.43fi 1918 34 ms ma.a 7.823 1990 ..... S8.66S 1934 IS.SIR 1093 14.032 103S 33.528 1930 ..... 27.9RR 1936 .... 45,773 1931 10.811 Tons in Francs a orrirnitiiral 4.144 9.037.000 "Pastoral £34 1.9K3.000 Marine 733 3,693.000 Forests 19 160.000 H.JONES &C 0 austraU£? * . v

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New Caledonia'S Trade

Good Customer of Australia TI7E are indebted to the Bulletin du ** Commerce. Noumea, for very complete statistics showing the trade of the French Colony of New Caledonia for the year 1936.

Imports and exports have been as follows: — An analyses of the figures shows that of the total of nearly 55.000,000 francs representing exports po less than 40 000.000 francs are the of the minerals — 14.721.000 francs b°ing chrome. 23.458.000 francs being nickel matte, and 1.159.000 francs being nickel Of the 77,768 tons of chrome evnorted 58.248 tons went to TT.S.A., 7.731 tons to Holland. 1.310 tons to Japan. 3 481 tons to Australia, and 7.008 tons to France.

Another table shows the extraordinary variation in the value of the production of chrome in New Caledonia. The value of the annual production has ranged from 19.000 000 francs in 1929 to as low as 2.800.000 francs in 1924 and 3.315,000 francs in 1932. But the production in tons has not varied nearlv so much. The production has been as follows; The value of nickel matte exported during the past 25 vears has grown steadily from 2.137.000 francs in 1911 to between 20,000.000 and 30,000,000 francs, which has been the average value of the production since 1929. For some years and up to and including 1934, nickel matte was exported in almost eaual quantities to France and Belgium. Nowadays nearly the whole of this production goes to France.

Japan takes practically all of the nickel that is produced—s,3oo tons out of a total of 5,495.

The chief products of New Caledonia evnorted, other than minerals, are as follows; The chief item of the pastoral products is canned beef (1,494.000 francs in 1936, comnared with 870.000 francs in 1935. and 559,000 in 1934). In 1919 New Caledonia exnorted pastoral products worth 4.721,800 francs. The industry declined during the 20’s, but appears now to be recovering.

Trochus shell (marine products) exported in 1936 totalled 763 tons —practically double the production of 1935. One must go back to the immediate post war period to find a year in which New Caledonia exported more than '7OO tons of trochus.

The copra industry shows a small improvement. In 1936, 2,755 tons were exported worth over 2,500,000 francs. In 1912 New Caledonia produced 2.851 tons of copra and in 1920, 3,311 tons. Since then the figures have been; In 1936 the Colony exported 1,388 tons of coffee, practically all of which went to France, of a total value of 6,535,000 francs. This industry seems to be solidly established and is growing in importance and value. Despite three successive hurricanes (in 1932, 1933, and 1934) production has been as follows: In 1936 New Caledonia exported 10 tons of essence of Niaouli (which is similar to Australian eucalyptus) of a total value of 155,000 francs. This industry seems to be declining. In 1934 the Colony produced 19 tons worth 356,000 francs and in 1935, 14 tons worth 226,000 francs. It is claimed that this is the finest product of its kind in the world and it is reported, rather bitterly, that France should protect this product instead of allowing it to be displaced by foreign Dutch East Indies) which are taking its products (especially an oil from tht plac«.

It is shown that, of the imports worth 35 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 19 3 7

Year Imports Export* from Aust. to Aust.

Value in Value in Francs Francs 1925 30,035,232 4.269.030 1926 46,771,262 5,025,877 1927 41,061,978 5,485.023 1928 36,931,517 5,395,340 1929 35,173,776 2,684,765 1930 25,096,808 1.968.907 1931 15,541,970 2,261,000 1932 13,309,031 845,000 1933 19,108,370 576,000 1934 17,042,000 610,000 1935 17,758,000 833,000 1936 21,074,000 1,127,000 1934 1936 Value in Value in Francs Francs Beer 65.000 163,000 Gotten goods 105,000 441,000 Lingerie 53,000 136,000 Matches 30,000 34,000

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59,000,000 francs in 1936, goods worth 23,667,000 francs came from France, 4,560,0D0 francs from French colonies, and 30,813,000 francs from foreign countries (Australia, 21,000,000 francs).

An interesting table shows the value of the trade between New Caledonia and Australia over several years; The principal exports from Australia were coal and coke (for use in the nickel smelters), timber, petrol and oil, preserved milk, fresh vegetables, flour, potatoes, and rice.

It is interesting to note that New Caledonia is purchasing from Japan an increasing amount of the following goods:—

Was Ocean Island

A RAMP?

Allegation That Natives Were Defrauded THE following is from The New Age— A a vigorously-edited journal published in London to advocate Douglas Credit principles. The reference, of course, is to Ocean Island.

The Guano Ramp Again

“Old readers will remember two or three occasions when we have alluded to the Gilbert Islands scandal and to Mr.

T. C. T. Potts’s dogged perseverance in exposing it. The scandal consisted in the connivance of the Colonial Office in 1901 in the leasing by a private company from the natives of the right to dig up and export guano deposits worth millions of pounds for a lump sum of £3OO to be paid in £5O annual instalments for six years.

After that there was to be a royalty of 6d a ton, but this was to be paid to the British Exchequer, “The company’s first year of working produced a profit of £85,000. In 1908 the profit was £307,000. During the whole period the natives have gone through some hard times, and Mr. Potts’s contention has been, and is, that they should get back at least a portion of what was swindled out? of them.

“The occasion of our present reference to the subject is the receipt from him of of a copy of a letter which he has sent to the Prime Minister, Mr. Baldwin.

While his narrative does not bear directly on Social-Credit objectives it contains many authentic data suitable for annotating Social-Credit theses. It draws a picture of the transference of the natives’ ‘real credit’ to the control of manipulators of ‘financial credit,’ and then tells how these manipulators afterwards sold out to the Government, thereby re-transferring the ‘real credit’ to the control of the creators of financial credit behind the Government.”

Mr. Clifford Gessler, who accompanied the Bishop Museum’s expedition into the South Seas in the yacht Islander in 1934, has recently had his book “Road My Body Goes” published in New York by Reynal and Hitchcock. The volume deals with his observations and experiences on Tepuka Maruia, one of the Tuamotu Islands, where he stayed for a considerable time. Mr. Gessler was formerly literary editor of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 36 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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The Significance Of

COLOURS By ARTHUR J. VOGAN, F.R.G.S., Etc.

VV/HEN artist here for the Illustrated ’ ’ London News, in the ’eighties, I was soon impressed with the great and universal power of the symbolism of the various colours.

Civilisation having commenced in Northern Asia, we might expect that it would give the rest of the world its colourscales and harmonies, just as it did its musical regulations and science; and so we find it. And nowhere better than in that Home of Colour, the Pacific, are these facts illustrated—for its inhabitants were originally derived from Asia; and here the old language of colour-meaning may be studied in its primitive attributes.

To-day, we are experiencing a passing fever of commercialism and mechanism; but tomorrow we will return, as before, to much we now neglect. It is not, then, useless to keep in touch with sources of joy and historic information such as the study of colour-symbolism gives us. To get the mind into tune with the subject, one cannot do better than read, once more, Sir Edwin Arnold’s Light of Asia, or Mrs. E. B. Browning’s Aurora Leigh.

Let us take red. Erckmann-Chatrian’s wonderful boys’ books of my youth used always to picture. the heco as “a fine young man, with good red ears;” and all my life I have been choosing parties of men for energetic work, with that formula in mind—more and more impressed, each year, with its value! The intrepid Sir J. H. P. Murray and others, following his example, including myself, have found the wearing of a red shirt lessens the risk of poi-nted attentions from jumpy “jungle-jingos.” Red is a sacred colour universally. The wearer shows that he is not approaching surreptitiously, but in the full consciousness of his right to approach, which is half the battle with primitives, as with ourselves.

Even in Shakespeare we read, in Macbeth, how the lack of colour in the face is a token of lack of courage:— “Go prick thy face and over-red thy fear Thou lily-livered boy!”

Red is the colour of cheerfulness and battle-fitness all through the Islands: and when we discovered the Strickland River in Papua, Turkey-red was found to be the best “trade.” In my home-land, Wales, red robes showed honourable rank; and Robert Burns sang “My love is like the red, red rose.” Maori maidens receive the welcome proposal of their best boy who bears the message of the Kowhai in his eager hand—for love and courage go ever hand-in-hand. Red berries all over the Islands have the same significance.

Yellow is the universal symbol of the sun; and gold first drew its value from this fact. Yellow is the colour of unity.

Buddha, with his yellow robe, practised “Yoga,” which means Union; whilst Dante sings of “Into the yellow of the Rose Eternal, me Beatrice drew!” The pope presents, on the fourth Sunday in Lent, a “Golden Rose” as a spiritual blessing, to persons beloved by the church.

All through the Islands a bunch of yellow blooms, in the old days, were carried by messengers of peace, or union.

From Malaya to Japan and Fiji, the Mundane-egg was a golden one; and the Greeks, originally from the same part of Northern India, whence came the ancestral New Zealander, had the Golden thread and Golden bough that drew the favoured up to heaven.

Green has ever been the symbol of Hope and Faith; and the Islands traveller who knows his Shelley will often have recalled those lines: “Many a green isle needs must be In the deep, wide sea of Misery.”

The Druids, who, I think, came of the same race that have left their traces in Borneo, the Carolines and Fiji, gave Robes of Hope to their “ovates,” who were hoping to become bards, later.

The “Fortunate Isles” of the Greeks, and of the North American Indians, were green; and green is the colour of the turbans worn by Mohemmedans about our Islands who have visited Mecca, “in hope of a blessed resurrection.”

Blue is the colour of heaven. Ships in mourning denote same by a blue streak.

But. curiously, it cannot be used in hospitals, for certain of the mentally afflicted—it irritates them!

There was a heavy demand for the special Coronation issue of Papua postage stamps, released on May 14. The denominations are Id, 2d, 3d, and sd. 37 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Tragic Death Of

REV. W. V. MILNE Madman’s Attack On Mission THE cruel murder of Rev. W. V. Milne, a noted missionary, by a demented native, at Nguna, in the New, Hebrides on April 27, was reported in our May issue. Some further details of the tragedy are given in a personal letter to the editor from another missionary, Rev. B.

R. C. Nottage, of Tongoa, who narrowly escaped with his life.

“I happened to be at Nguna, staying with Mr. Milne on my way back to Tongoa from furlough,” said Mr. Nottage, “and I of course went out with him when he was called out by natives who said there was * a big trouble.’ It was 7.30 p.m., and almost dark.

“Evidence of it was soon seen in the injured while we were still on the mission station. As soon as we entered the village we found an old native with his head terribly battered, just dying. He had been thus injured in the eatinghouse, and then thrown outside. The weapon used was an iron bar some 3ft. 6ins. long.

“We had no time to think then, for in a flash the madman was rushing upon us, yelling, and coming with fiendish leaps. We had to scatter, as we were unarmed, except that the four or five natives with us had light pieces of wood.

“Mr. Milne did not escape. This I discovered when, after getting inside, I ventured out again to find him.

“An awful night followed, for the madman followed me and the two boys towards the house. He smashed the gate, which gave us a few seconds extra. Then he smashed a lamp, and finally a door we had locked.

“Having smashed an ample hole in it (half the door), he did not enter. We were still not armed with anything worthwhile, so it was providential that he did not come through the open door to where we were, in darkness, with only a chair as a weapon.

“I will say nothing more of that terrorstricken night.

“We eventually got a message away for help from neighbours and to the Government police in Vilo —35 miles away by bush track but some natives finally found courage and came back from another village with arms, and soon after 3 a.m. the madman was shot.”

TRIBUTE TO THE LATE REV.

W. V. MILNE The following very striking tribute to the life and work of Mr. Milne was wirtten by Mr.

Nottage.

THE death of the Rev. W. V. Milne, of Nguna, with tragic suddenness, on April 27, at the hands of a native who had suddenly gone homicidally mad, has removed one of the best-known and most highly-respected of the missionaries in the New Hebrides. He went to Nguna in 1905 as a missionary from the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand, succeedin the Rev. Peter Milne, his father, who settled at Nguna in the dangerous days of 1869. For 32 years he had worked with singular devotion for the welfare of the natives of a large district.

The influence that he exerted over both natives and Europeans was tremendous.

For the natives, it was best shown by the manner in which he was always accepted, as a matter of course, as their helper and their refuge in trouble. He had the great gift of being able to bring right out almost any wrong, clearness out of confusion, and happiness out of strife or sorrow.

Faced with a task, however difficult, he always kept at it until by infinite patience and skill in details he had achieved something worthy. He could repair almost any part, in hull or engine, of a launch, and would make spare parts from most unlikely materials.

He was known to be fearless at sea, and had gone through thrilling times first, with an open boat, with oars and sails, and latterly, with a powerful launch. He loved and cared for his boat as truly as man ever did horse or dog and with equally good results.

If the medical work that he did were estimated solely by the lives that he saved, they must have been numbered in hundreds; while thousands received lesser aid.

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E. HALLSTROM, Willoughby, Sydney The whole of his personal influence is expressed significantly and sincerely in a letter written by a French trader who was his nearest white neighbour for the past 10 years. He said: “By his kindness, his greatness of ideas, he was my refuge, and the balance of my acts. He was an Englishman, myself a Frenchman. Between us, we were only men, without a distinction of nationality. After 54 years of my life, the sweetest remembrance is attached to the name of my dear W.

Milne ... In the illness, in the sorrow, always, they were near us, always so kind and encouraging,”

Shining through all is the picture of him ministering the Word of God to his people. Here, too, there was simplicity, but so understanding and so closely related to their own way of thinking that none could fail to see and to appreciate the high intention. He aimed always “to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with his God.”

Proof of his success is to be seen by any who can spend time in the place where he lived, observing the natives there.

Tragic though his death was, he met it in going out yet once again to help his people in a time of trouble. —B.N.

Roads That Are Not Roads

From a Special Correspondent RABAUL, May 22.

ROADING conditions hereabouts demand a little attention.

The main streets, in the centre of the town, have been improved, but the side streets leading to private dwellings are in a shocking state. The Malaguna Rd., which leads to the main wharves, is also in a bad state.

The worst of all is the Kokopo Road.

It is in a deplorable condition—'just mile after mile of stones, pot-holes, gutters and corrugation. It is ruinous to run a good car on this road. When heavy rain comes, the road is like a river, and water lies in big pools for days.

This is the main tourist road, and a very beautiful drive, but a few miles is enough for the average tourist they usually ask to turn back. above was written five days before the volcanoes erupted and ruined all roads.) N.S. PENNIES A LTHOUGH it has been stated that New Guinea pennies are being sought after by collectors, dealers say that the demand is only fair, chiefly because the coin does not bear the head of ex-king Edward VIII., and they are offering only 3d to sellers. This seems an unfair price as they are retailing them to the public at 1/3 each. However, 200 per cent profit is not bad business for those people who brought large quantities of the pennies South, and many have sold at this price rather than go to the trouble of carrying tße coins about with them while awaiting a better price or marketing them privately.

Papuan Missionaries

Letter to the Editor.

SURELY Homer was nodding when the P.I.M. for March declared on page 56 that “the first two Papuans to be accepted for the Christian ministry were admitted as candidates for training,” etc.

Your contributor is losing sight of the fact that for many years past a number of native Papuans have been working in the Anglican Mission, under Bishop Newton, as ordained clergymen in the Christian ministry. Presumably your correspondent intended to say that these are the first two Papuans to be accepted for the Christian ministry as far as the Methodist organisation is concerned, but he .does not convey this idea.

I am, etc., Thursday Is., 3/5/1937.

VERITAS.

Mr. A, Martin, of Marovo Lagoon, B.S.L, who conducts a Seventh Day Adventist training school at Batuna, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the Malaita on May 22.

Mr. and Mrs. D. Clarke, of Tulagi, B.S.L, departed from Sydney after six weeks’ holiday in Sydney, by the Malaita on May 29. 39 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, I$ 3 f

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How Pacific Cable Was Laid

The Plan To Seize Necker Island

By A. A. Henkel

TT is not generally known that Necker -*■ Island, in the Hawaiian Group, was much sought after as the first point of landing of the Pacific cable, after leaving Canada.

This island was discovered by La Perouse on November 1, 1786, but was not considered, at the time, worth claiming.

Fanning Island was such a distance from Canada that it was not considered possible to lay such a long length of cable to there, and Necker Island received great attention as it lessened the distance by approximately 1,000 miles, and gave an all-British route.

Sir Sanford Fleming had urged, in 1879, that a submarine cable be laid across the Pacific to connect with the Canadian land lines, and it was due mainly to his efforts that the plan was put into operation. He is regarded as the father of the Pacific cable.

The opposition to this scheme was great and terrible disasters and difficulties were foreseen. In particular one expert witness said that there were precipes with jagged edges, as tortuous as the path of a man with “a jag on,” and with a ten-acres field to perform his gyrations in. The torpedo, also, would plunge to hitherto unknown depths after the cable, and speedily bring about its end by boring through the insulation.

Sir Sanford, despite many setbacks and years of weary waiting, continued to The illustrations in the adjoining columns show: Top: Office and quarters. Cable Station, Bamfield, Canada.

Second: Fanning Island. The cable comes in at the left of the jetty.

Third: The cable hut at Suva, about 2£ miles from the cable offices in Victoria Parade. There are two cables between Canada and Fiji, the first laid being known as No. 1 (to which the accompanying article refers) and the second, laid about 1927, as No. 2. The latter cable comes ashore at the hut and is connected with the offices by landlines.

Bottom: The cable offices in Suva. No. 1 cable lies buried in the mud, in the foreground. spend a great deal of his time in forwarding this project. Upon the completion of the Pacific terminus of the Canadian Pacific railway, the telegraph was extended to British Columbia; and he urged that the British possessions west of the Pacific Ocean be connected by submarine cable with the completed land line.

Necker Island was regarded as the best location, as a landing place, for the first section of the proposed cable. It is a mere rock, one mile long and 1,000 feet broad, and it rises to a height of about 300 feet at its highest point.

In September, 1893, Sir Sanford urged upon the Canadian Government the immediate acquisition of Necker Island by Britain. In October, 1893, the Governments of New South Wales, Victoria and (Continued on page 42) 40 Pacific islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Queensland supported the Canadian proposal, urging the Home Government to take immediate steps to secure the island.

About this time, the death of King Kamehameha, of Hawaii, had been followed by a revolution. The Queen was deposed, and a provisional Government was set up in the group; and it was felt possibly that to take possession of Necker Island at this stage might upset relations with Washington.

This decision was regarded as curious.

To quote the words of Sir Sanford Fleming; “Necker Island is an unoccupied and unclaimed spot in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, wholly unfit for settlement, and destitute of the means of supporting life.”

Months passed and, no more having been done in the matter, the Home Government was pressed for a reply which was to the effect that “in view of the disturbed conditions in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) further definite steps were undesirable for the present.”

Fearing that the whole proposal that the British Government should take possession of Necker Island would become public, some other solution of the difficulty was sought.

Sir Sanford, in conversation with a friend, mentioned the matter, and was asked if he was not aware of the manner in which the island of Perim was gained.

The story is that the French had sent an admiral to raise the Tricolour and claim it as a French Possession. The admiral called in, on the journey, on the British Resident at Port Aden, who, in the course of the evening, learned the object of his guest. Leaving the admiral on a pretext, the British Resident gave orders that men should be at once despatched to hoist the British flag and take possession in the name of Her Majesty.

He then returned to his guest and kept him entertained far into the night.

Setting sail the next day, the French admiral completed his voyage to Perim.

His amazement must have been great to see another flag already floating over the island.

The hint was taken, and a retired naval officer was entrusted with this delicate mission of securing Necker Island, by a private coup. A boat was to be procured, at Honolulu, to take him to an unoccupied island, situated about Lat. 23, 35, N., and Long. 164, 39. W.- —in other words, Necker. Examination of the island was also to be made, soundings on approaches to taken, and a sketch made providing any other information that could be gained.

Being a retired officer of the British Navy, the man’s claim would be legal, providing that the Imperial Government chose to recognise it. On account of the Colonial Conference due to meet at Ottawa at the end of June, and this now being May, the task presented many difficulties, owing mainly to the necessity for secrecy and quick action.

There were two boats at Honolulu which could have made it in the time allowed —that is, to return to Honolulu in time to catch the Arawa en route to 42 Pacific islands Monthly, June 23, 193?

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75 King Street, Sydney, N.S.W, Vancouver and due at Honolulu on June 2. However, on arrival at Honolulu, the officer learned that in the meantime the Imperial Government had apparently given possession of this island to the provisional Government at Honolulu, and had asked for permission to control the island for purposes nf a cable station.

The secret being out, the proposal to annex the island, by what might be termed a private coup, was abandoned. Ironically enough, the very ship that had been selected for the journey to establish claim to the island for the British was sent by the provisional Government of Hawaii, and a party landed and claimed it for U.S.A., thus establishing ownership beyond all doubt.

The application from the Imperial Government, on being referred to the U.S. Senate, was voted against, and Necker Island was lost as a landing place for the Pacific cable.

Attention was now directed towards Fanning Island which, with Christmas Island and Penrhyn, was annexed by Britain in 1888. Fanning and Christmas both export copra at the present time.

Fanning was then considered as the next best location and it was agreed to land the cable there.

At the date of contract for the construction of the Pacific cable (December, 1900) soundings from Vancouver Island (the cable leaves Canada from Bamfield, on the west coast of Vancouver Island) to Fanning had been taken by the British survey ship Egeria, up to about 300 miles from the island. The Byittania was engaged to complete this survey, and also the other surveys of the route to Queensland, Norfolk Island, Fiji, and New Zealand.

Fanning Island is really a coral reef, measuring about three miles by nine, and some 12ft. above water level. During the sounding operations by the Brittania, a distance of 6883 miles had been covered and, out of 699 soundings taken, 198 bottom temperatures were observed. At 2,500 fathoms, near Fiji, temperature was recorded as 34.1 Fahr. At depths of over 3000 fathoms, there is very little variation in temperature, which is only a few degrees above freezing point (32 Fahr.).

The commencement of the laying of the cable was from Bamfield Creek, Vancouver Island, and it was done by the Colonia on September 18, 1902. With 3540 nautical miles of cable aboard, she laid 3455 nautical miles of cable in 17i days, thus completing, at an average speed of eight m.p.h. the first link between Canada and Australia of the All- Red route. Approximately 10 per cent of cable is paid out in slack.

The Colonia, a ship of 510 ft., 56 beam and 39 depth, was designed to carry a dead weight of 10,000 tons. The cable varied in w r eight from lh tons per nautical mile, for the deep sea type, and to 26 tons for the heavy shore end.

During the laying of cable, a perfect check on the amount of cable laid is obtained by the unrolling of fine wire, and the distance between the recorded length of the cable laid, and the tight wire, gives the amount of slack. It is interesting to note that when the cable is being laid in depths of 3000 fathoms (3J miles) it will be some 20 miles astern of the ship when it comes in contact with the bottom.

A submarine cable consists of the core, or the central wire, usually surrounded by copper strips over which gutta percha is placed and finally covered by iron or steel wires giving, in addition to protection, the necessary weight to be laid on the ocean floor. The size of the completed cable is governed by the location in which it is to be laid. If in the ocean depths it would be about one inch in diameter: whereas the shore end, on rocky bottom, would have additional protection which would give it a diameter of two and a half inches or more.

The first message was sent on October 31. 1902, to the Governor-General, Ottawa, via England, South Africa, Australia and the Pacific cable, from Ottawa, by Sir Sanford Fleming—thus encircling the globe per medium of submarine telegraphy.

Miss Margaret Quintal, a descendant of Matthew Quintal, of the Bounty mutiny, arrived in Sydney from Norfolk Island by the Morinda on May 24. 43 Pacific Islands Monthly, June J 3 , (937

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Papuan Rats

The Archbold Collection 'THE recent Archbold scientific expe- A dition to Western Papua has been described recently as most successful. It took back to New York many new species of birds and mammals.

The expedition is remembered in Papua mostly on account of its rat-catching activities. Several well known local bushmen were employed on the work, and they still talk about it as one of the quaintest jobs in their experience.

The expedition took away thousands of dead rats, and the following is one expert’s summary of their value:— “There are definite affinities between the rodents of Papua and Australia. We found a water-rat belonging to the same genus as that inhabiting Victoria; also mosaic-tailed rats, a group of grass-rats and a new form of jumping rat, related to one found in Queensland and the Northern Territory. There is also the giant rat, Mallomys, which has long and thick, woolly fur. One member of the water-rat group, with soft velvety rufousfawn fur, was at home far from water— its habits are not aquatic.”

Dr. Frances Harding, accompanied by her brother-in-law, Mr. C. Harding, of Ohio, U.S.A., reached Sydney by the Malaita during May after a seven-weeks’ visit to Papua, New Guinea, and the Solomons in the interests of the S.D.A.

Mission.

On An Old Goldfield

jV/f-ft- HUMPHRIES was the warden on iTA the old LaJcekamu goldfield, Central Papua. He saw the decline of the field , and the population slowly dwindle , until only one European remained, where formerly many hundreds were busy. tTERE they walked and talked, and dreamed of finding Gold, to open a wide world’s door.

The passionate voices of a rich-find minding Whatever doubts the day’s yield bore.

Here they lived and toiled in ecstasy, grew thinner, Rarely about their hardships word was heard.

The chorus was, “The field will prove a winner!”

And now the silence here is never stirred!

The disappointment! Yes; but affirmations, All holding promise for the unspent days, Of richer fields and startling revelations, Consoled and sent them forth by divers ways.

I hear their joking faintly, and the laughter To veil the thoughts then mirrored in their eyes; M atching them go, and lonelier ever after, I saw them big and brave men, if not wise.

RICHARD HUMPHRIES.

Defaulting Recruits

Letter to the Editor ■THE very interesting article of “De- -1 faulting Recruits,” in the Solomons, published in the P.I.M. of March, should arouse sympathy among recruiters in Papua, for defaulting recruits are by no means unknown in this country, though the monetary loss that may result is far less than in the instances cited from the Solomons, Natives have been known to clamour for work when a recruiter visits their villages, yet, having had the conditions and wages conscientiously explained to them through an interpreter, have refused to keep their word of acceptance when brought before a labour official. In such cases, the unfortunate recruiter has to feed and return them home, free of charge.

The practice is not common enough to make a song about, but, rare or common, it is downright fraudulent, and the exposure of fraudulent practices when proved is in British countries followed by some form of penalty.

But. in Papua, as in the Solomons, there is no redress in such cases.

I am, etc., RECRUITER.

Pt. Moresby, Papua, 3/5/1937.

Mrs. Eric Vine, after three months’ holiday in Sydney, returned to her home in Fiji hy the Mariposa on May 28. 44 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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The Boy-King Of Tahiti

And His Crowning

By W. W. Bolton, M.A.

PART I.

W'HEN Pomare 11. died on December 7, 1821, he left two children, a girl, Aimata, seven years of age, and a boy, Terii Taria, a babe in arms. It was to the latter he ordered the succession should go, and Pomare was the name he was to assume.

The infant, born June 25, 1820, was nursed by his mother Terito, but was placed in special charge of her steadier sister, Pomare Vahine, who was a supernumary wife of Pomare 11., edged out of her promised premier post as first Queen by the earlier action of Terito, and childless.

A special house was raised at Papaoa, a few miles distant from Papeete, close adjoining Pomare’s tomb, and known as the Queen’s House, where aunt and babe resided during his infant years.

Terito went her own wild ways, keeping her girl by her side, and scandalised the brethren of the L.M.S. by allowing herself freedom to the extreme extent of being tatooed. The babe, not the mother, was the one to watch and guard.

Even before the child could lisp, arrangement was made for Brother Nott, doyen of the mission band, to leave Huahine and take up his residence at Papaoa as instructor of the infant prince.

His kingdom was being looked after by a Regent. Ariipaea, and a Council, but the real power was in the hands of Pomare Vahine, a strong, virile and capable woman.

Some trepidation had been felt at the time of the death of the father that the chiefs would not be willing to accept an infant as their liege lord, but they had made no sign of dissatisfaction. The brethren were, however, taking no chances, and something entirely new and even unheard of was planned, proposed and accepted: there should be a crowning as soon as the boy could stand upon his feet.

To make things still more secure for the tranquility of the state and the progress of Christian civilisation, there was started a school, in 1824, at Afareaitu, on Moorea, with the resounding title of “The South Sea Academy,” for the sons of chiefs, who were to be in residence, and little Pomare amongst them. The part to be played by Brother Nott was to be taken as headmaster by a later arrival, Rev. J. M. Orsmond.

CORONATION OF POMARE 111.

The programme ready, great preparations were made at Papaoa for the crowning, which took place on April 21, 1824, the boy king not yet four years old.

Happily we have an account of this remarkable event in South Sea history from the pen of a contemporary witness, as it appears in the Command Papers Presented to the British Parliament , covering the years 1822-1847. The translation reads as follows. The only difficulty to be met with are the sites mentioned, the names of that day being long disused.

To-day they are Arue and Papaoa, wherein stood the vast Royal Mission Chapel.

There were two classes of people in that ceremony, some were ungodly and others were godly. (1) Those who carried the Tiari and the Oroa (flowers) were Mauihi-u-iti Vahine, Terai mano Vahine, Tuehau Vahine (women), and Tehapai. They threw the flowers along the road. (2) Next were the children of the missionaries and their wives. (3) Next was Mahine, His office was to carry the Word of God. Messrs. Tyerman and Nott were on his right; Messrs.

Bennet and Henry on his left; they assisted Mahine. (4) Next were the missionaries. (5) Next to them was Utami. He carried the Laws; he was assisted by Paofai, on his right, and by Paraita, on his left. (6) Next was Tati, who carried the Crown; Hapoto on his right, Onee on his left. (7) Next to them was Pomare, and the people who carried him, namely Taitumataata, Heivae, Uoho and Laaviri, on his right; Teupoopaari, Priui, Roura and Tehope on his left. Aita Vahine, Maihara Vahine, Tenania Vahine (women) were also on his left; and Taaroa Vahine (mother), Aimata (sister) and Terataue (aunt) on his right. (8) Next was Pomare’s hunoa (first husband of his sister), Tamatoa on his right and Tahitoe on his left. (9) Next was Fenuapeho. He carried 45 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23. 1937

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If any difficulty, please write direct to: THE TILLEY LAMP CO. (Dept. P.M.) HENDON, LONDON, N.W.4 t.h» table to place the crown upon. Pahititia carried the oil (coconut) for anointing the king. All the governors and district judges assisted them. (10) We went inland by the way of Taipu. It was there where Pomare 111. was crowned. (11) Then all the royal party, the governors, the missionaries, aid the judges, and the society were assembled together. (12) After Mr. Crook, the priest, finished prayer, Mr. Henry anointed the king and placed the crown upon his head (13) Mr. Nott read the Laws and pardoned all the guilty. Mr. Wilson exhorted the King. Mr. Davies prayed, and Mr. Jones read a hymn. Mr. Wilson prayed. When finished we returned to Outuaiai. There Mr. Henry prayed. These were the words of God; “Exalt the King and fear God.” There it finished.

So far, this witness. But was Henry, the Archbishop of the day, and Nott merely his assistant? Henry himself makes answer. Writing from Moorea, October 15, 1845 (31 years later) he says: “King Pomare 111., that young prince, whom I anointed on the occasion, and on whose head my late reverend Brother Nott placed the Crown.”

One hopes so, for when the crash came in December, 1808, Henry had fled, but the unflinching Nott stood fast.

Ariipaea the Regent is lost to us, appearing under another name, whilst of the other personalities mentioned, Messrs Tyerman and Bennet were newcomers on the scene, being the delegation sent out from home to report on the missionary work being carried on by the society throughout the world—Rennet alone completed the tour, Tyerman dying on Madagascar.

The infant’s brother-in-law was Tapoa, of Pora Pora. In 1822 when Aimata was eight years of age and Tapoa' 16. there was a public betrothment of the two, which was looked upon as “marriage” according to the custom of the country and Tapoa was then given the name of Pomare as an honour.

Tati (1770-1864) had every right to his high post. He was the leading chief, had seen Cook in his childhood days, stood by the Pomares, both father and son, through stress and storm, and had refused the Regency, though hard pressed to accept it. He was of Papara, the last district to bend the knee to the Pomares.

Mr. Crook, “the priest,” had played no no small part in the new king’s life, as his daily journal shows. He was the accoucheur assisted by his well trained wife. June 25, 1820; “Mrs. Crook took the child, managed and dressed it in the English fashion . . . the king would allow no one to touch the child but Mrs.

Crook. June 26: The infant was most of the day at our house with Pomare Vahine . . . Our daughter Mary is denominated his mother, being the friend of the queen. The child is also called Mrs. Crook’s son.”

He it was who baptised the child, September 10, in the presence of a thousand people, where now he was crowned, and makes bold to address the directors in London on his behalf in a letter dated December 21. 1821: “I shall be glad to receive dresses for young Prince Pomare who is now IS months old, some superior, soma common.” A godfather of quality, with every right to play his part in opening the Coronation proceedings.

It was a good send off even if the principal personage might well wonder what it was all about, being but three years and ten months old. (To be concluded) Good Report from Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.

AS a reflection of improved conditions in Papua, it is announced that Steamships Trading Co. Ltd., merchants and shipowners, of Port Moresby and Samarai. have made a full payment in cash of preference share dividends (equal to 5/per share) and will pay regular dividends in future.

Associated companies are active and profitable. Coral Seas Insurance Ltd., has paid its usual dividend of 10 per cent; and Sawmillers and Traders Ltd. (the old Port Romilly mill) has declared a dividend of 10 per cent.

S.T. Co. Ltd. has just purchased Vaiviri plantation (Vailala River) from Mrs.

Russell Smith. It adjoins Maira plantation, already owned by the Co., and it has 350 acres of full-bearing coconuts.

The Co. is managing agent for the two new rubber companies, Rubberlands Ltd. and Maratoi Rubber Estates Ltd., where clearing and planting operations are now proceeding actively. 46 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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C.S.R. Co. In Fiji THE total output of raw sugar from all sugar mills in, Australia last season was 756,000 tons. That from the seven mills of the Colonial Sugar Co.

Ltd., was 167,900 tons. Production in each case was a record.

These facts were stated by the Chairman of C.S.R. Co. Ltd. (Mr. E. R. Knox) at the half-yearly meeting of shareholders on May 26.

The Fiji output was, as expected, a record at 149,300 tons, and the prospects for the coming season are quite satisfactory.

There has been a marked increase in the demand for nearly all distillery products, and arrangements have been made to increase capacity, both as to production and storage. A new still has just been ordered which will enable the company to make industrial alcohol and absolute alcohol as required.

The two steamers, Rona and Fiona , are fully taxed to keep the distillery supplied with molasses, and enquiries are being made for a third ship.

Planting of pineapples in Fiji has proceeded as well as was expected, and fulfilment of the expectation to can and pack a crop next year can be forseen.

Many operating difficulties in the production of fibre board from megass in Queensland have been met. a. n. Mclennan leaves

New Guinea

ONE of the best known solicitors in the Western Pacific, Mr. A. N. Mc- Lennan, of Rabaul, New Guinea, has sold his practice and has gone to live in Australia. For many years, Mr. McLennan took an active and important part in New Guinea affairs, and he was a highly respected member of the Legislative Council.

Several gatherings of residents in Rabaul entertained him before his departure and expressed regret that he was leaving the territory.

Mr. McLennan sold his practice at Rabaul and Wau to the manager of his Wau branch, Mr. J. Irwin Cromie. Mr.

Cromie will carry on the Rabaul practice, and Mr. J. A. McKay, recently of Melbourne, will manage the Wau branch.

Twelve navy ’planes, with 78 men aboard, arrived at Honolulu, Hawaii, recently, non-stop from San Diego (California) to increase the permanent station at Pearl Harbour. Their flying time was 21 hours 25 minutes.

The Tongan high chief Ata will visit Sydney towards the end of the year, and has accepted an invitation to be the guest at a function which The Pacific Islands Club will hold in his honour. Ata is the Tongan Minister for Lands, and was acting-Premier during the recent absence of Prince Tugi.

STAFF MOVEMENTS IN N.G.

Public Service

May 13, the Government Secretary of the New Guinea Administration announced the following transfers and encasements in connection with the Public Service: — TRANSFERS Public Health Dept: E. A. Holland, Medical Officer, Rabaul to Kavieng; H. S. Roberts, Medical Officer, Kavieng to Madang; G. H. McQueen, Medical Officer, Madang to Rabaul ; A. R. Parry, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Kokopo; F. N.

Green, Medical Assistant, Lorengau to Rabaul ; F. E. Cattrell, Medical Assistant, Kavieng to Madang; Miss P. M. Noonan, Nurse, Rabaul to Wau.

Lands Dept: A. R. Miller, Surveyor, Morobe District to Sepik District.

Police Force: E. Steeples, Inspector, Rabaul to Wau ; H. C. Gridley, Warrant Officer, Rabaul to Kieta; T. W. Upson, Warrant Officer, Wewak to Kavieng; N. S. B. Blood, Warrant Officer, Kieta to Rabaul.

Temporary Engagements

Govt. Secretary’s Dept.; Miss J. McCluggage to be typiste.

Treasury Dept.: A. L. B. King to be clerk; Miss I. Doering to be typiste.

Public Health Dept.: Miss J. Cunningham to be typiste.

Public Works Dept.; T. G, V. Blakey to be Senior Electrical Mechanic.

Mr. J. T. Kenny, planter, of Namataiiai, New Ireland, left Sydney for the Territory by the Montoro in mid-May. 47 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23. 1937

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France Remembers Her Naval Heroes THE French sloop Rigault de Genouilly 1 left Auckland early in May for Mauna Island, Samoa, where officers and men of the La Perouse expedition were murdered in 1787. The Mayor of Auckland presented the sloop with stone, kerbing and cement for the graves.

Acknowledging the gift, the French commander said, “We are proud to know that our friends, who can count in their past the greatest navigator in history, Captain Cook, wish to associate with us in keeping our memories.”

Mauna is now called Tutuila, and is the chief island of American Samoa.

Captain de Langle, commander of the Astrolabe, and 11 men, were murdered there on December 8, 1787. In 1883, a stone was placed over the graves with the words: “Marts pour la Science et la PatrieP Mr. J. H. L. Waterhouse, of Rabaul, New Guinea, has been in Sydney for some time receiving medical attention, and he has been granted special leave from the Education Department in Rabaul until October. During his stay in Sydney Mr.

Waterhouse is preparing a special work on the Blanche Bay native language, New Britain, and is receiving special assistance in this connection from Dr. A. P.

Elkin, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Sydney.

ANTHROPOLOGISTS Are They A Help or a Menace?

Letter to the Editor recommendations of the recent Honolulu Conference concerning problems of native education in the Pacific, have been the subject of some criticism in the South Seas—not only by seasoned educationalists at work there, but also by the more advanced and educated natives. I t Education in the future, it seems, in order “to secure permanent and stable adjustment of native social life under the new conditions,” etc., must be based upon the natives’ own obsolete practices and customs.

It is understood, also, that an alliance of social anthropology and education is being sought. Scientific knowledge of native sociology and psychology, they declare, are “essential to, success in a process of adaptation that aims at a blend of native and European culture.”

“Concept of Nativisation in Education” sounds very learned, but the meaning of it and the methods proposed for future development are so vague that one can have no hesitation in using the phrase freely, for it can mean nothing more than another anthropological tag to be used as a groundwork for further abstract theories.

Conjectures already are rife as to which of the customs usually frowned upon by law may be considered sufficiently stimulating for this anthropological theory to work upon.

With so many aspirants in the field of anthropology, it is understandable that the most compelling self-advertisement is necessary, if a number of fanciful theories are to be brought to light; but even their beautiful blossoming, and the poignant sadness of their fading, cannot justify this last frantic effort for publicity.

Until recently anthropology has been comparatively harmless, and few have regarded its pet theories seriously. But if these theorists are to succeed in pushing their fantastic claims as educationalists into the South Seas, it is time that some measures be taken to protect unfortunate natives from being harassed by a frantic band of job-hunters.

Anthropologists are becoming seriously a l armed at the insecurity of their standing, and impatient that their alleged right to fame should be measured by their ability to attain it. Some check should be put upon their uncontrolled and mischievous activities, before the threat becomes a scourge.

I am, etc.,

Educationalist Of 20 Years’

STANDING.

Pt Moresby, Papua.

May 4, 1937.

Pastor W. D. Smith, a Seventh Day Adventist missionary, arrived in Sydney by the Morinda on May 24, after spending two years on Norfolk Island and in the New Hebrides. He will leave shortly for Pitcairn Island. 48 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Any motorist, changing to SHELL, will find his car "pulling better.”

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Mr. Andrew F. Ker, of the New Guinea Administration’s staff at the Wau District Office, departed from Sydney for Rabaul with his wife by the Montoro on May 15. They spent their leave in Sydney and Victoria.

Fruit Export Under

State Control

N.Z. Acts In Cook Islands From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, May 19.

A PUBLIC meeting of fruit growers was held on April 13, when Mr. S. J.

Smith, newly-appointed Resident Commissioner, described the workings of the “Cook Islands Fruit Control Regulations, 1937.”

Mr Smith said that 34 brokers throughout the Dominion would receive and sell the fruit, as agents of the Government, on a small fixed commission per case.

The selling price to retailers would also be fixed. At this end, growers w*ould form an elected Advisory Committee, consisting of the Resident Commissioner, the Director of Agriculture, three Maori and one European representatives. Their election would take place on July 7.

The new regulations empowers the Minister: (1) To control the export of all fruit, so that no person can export, but only the Government; (2) to take control of the handling and shipping of fruit and to sell it on behalf of the growers; (3) to assist growers to renovate and improve their plantations.

When the grower brings fruit into the packing-shed, and it is accepted by the inspector, he will receive a receipt for the number of cases packed. On presentation of this, the Fruit Control Office will pay him 2/6 cash for each case. In addition, if the quality is right, the Government aims to pay a further 1/6 when the fruit is sold, making 4/- for oranges this season.

Mr. Samuel Bennett (manager, A. B.

Donald Ltd., Rarotonga) intimated that, on behalf of his own firm and also the Exporters’ Association, he would like to assure Mr. Smith of the support of the local merchants in whatever measures the Government might take regarding the control of fruit.

The meeting adjourned until April 15, to allow growers to consider the regulations.

On April 15, Mr Smith outlined further aspects of the regulations. Rerferring to native debts, he said the Government would ask the traders to assess the amount of the debts as on April 1, 1937.

The merchant, the debtor, and the Administration would then meet and decide the amount of debt recoverable. If they were unable to agree a tribunal would be arranged. The amount fixed would be put on each debtor’s fruit account sheet, and 6d per case deducted —not from the initial payment of 2/6, but from the subsequent anticipated 1/6.

Mr, Smith said that there was a general desire by growers that the Government take over the banana and tomato crops, as well as oranges. He would like to make it quite clear that the Government intended <%o control these, immediately adequate distributing arrangements could be made.

A number of the pricipal native and half-castes, representing the various districts, then spoke briefly, each to the effect that they were authorised to say that growers fully endorsed and would support the Government’s proposals.

A resolution to that effect was then put by Mr. C. Cowan and carried unanimously.

Theft By An Agent

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, May 19.

H[IGH Court proceedings on April 27, against Charles Cowan, of Ngatangiia, occasioned considerable local interest.

The accused, who was found guilty of forgery and theft, is a prominent halfcast, a member of the Island Council, and was recently appointed to a full-time inspectorship under the new Fruit Control Regulations.

The charges related to his activities as a “supercargo” or licensed fruit-buyer for the firm of W. H. Grove and Son. He purchased on their behalf, last October, 58 cases of tomatoes for £36/5/- from a native grower, and his own account with the firm had subsequently been credited with this amount, out of which 50 • Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 19 3 7

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SYDNEY N.S.W. payments were made to the grower, totalling, by the end of December, £l4/18/-. The balance of £2l/7/- had never been paid, although, on enquiries being made by the police, the accused produced a receipt for the full amount of £36. The prosecution proved that this document was in part a forgery.

Evidence showed that the accused’s account as a “supercargo” was not kept distinct from his personal account, with the result that when the latter was in debt, amounts credited to him for the purpose of paying growers served primarily to balance the account as a whole.

At this stage, Judge Ayson made it clear that onus of making payment to growers rested with the firm involved, the “supercargo” being simply an employee, whose principal the grower was well aware of.

Found guilty, the accused was fined £lO and ordered to repay the £2l.

A Party Postponed

IT happened in “The Blessed Isles”— sometime in ’93 — A dozen miners struck the town, all bent upon a spree; From Gira and The Yodda and the goldfields of Sud-Est, With the thirst that calls together men from East and North and West.

Came Flannigan, Macßackett, Bud and Ryan—“shammy’s” full — The rest of us were pretty broke, for mining had been dull!

Then Micky Dennis drifted in: He’d had a lucky spin, But 12 months out with foodstuffs scarce had left him weak and thin.

Too ill to even “square the store,” to hospital he went.

“It’s blackwater,” the doctor said. “His life’s not worth a cent.”

“I guess I’m done for, boys,” said Mick, “You’d better hang around — To drink a farewell at my grave I’ve left you each ten pound.”

Some stayed about in sympathy, and some in thirsty hope.

And day by day the matron handed out the “dying dope,”

“Last messages” and “tender thoughts he has about his mates.”

“We may not see him?” “No, indeed!”

We hangs about and waits.

The month went by. All stony broke, with thirsts as deep as sin.

All credit gone! No stores! No boys!

The Southern boat comes in— And, sailing, takes as passengers, Mick and his Matron bride ....

To leave us cursing wasted days when Micky nearly died.

ALICE ALLEN INNES.

“Salamaua,” Olola Av., Vaucluse.

Mr. J. S. Neil, H.B.M’s Consul and Agent at Nukualofa, Tonga, sailed from New Zealand in May for Pitcairn Island on official business.

Tragic Voyage Of The

“VIKING”

From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, May 14.

THE yacht Viking, of New York, with her owner, Mr. George F. Baker and guests on board, arrived at Papeete on May 1. She remained at Tahiti five days and departed for Rarotonga, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Honolulu and the United States.

This yacht, while smaller and not designed along the handsome lines of the black-hulled Corsair of Mr. Morgan, is still one of the most costly and sumptuous pleasure craft in the United States.

Critical Operation In

MID-OCEAN The Canadian-Australian liner Niagara stopped in mid-ocean, between Suva and Honolulu, on May 26. in response to signals from the American steam yacht Viking. Mr. G. F. Baker, owner of the 51 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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W. K. CARPENTER & Co. Ltd. yacht and the millionaire president of the American First National Bank was gravely ill, suffering from peritonitis.

The master of the Niagara (Captain W.

Martin) placed on board the Viking a doctor and nurse (both passengers) who immediately performed an operation upon Mr. Baker, whose condition was reported satisfactory. After a delay of 21 hours, the Niagara went on.

Later information received in Honolulu was that a relapse had occurred in the condition of Mr. Baker, and a coastguard cutter was ordered to rush medical supplies to the yacht. Shortly after the cutter left, an appeal was made for blood donors, and a naval aeroplane was despatched with serum that could be used instead. But despite all effort to save his life, Mr. Baker died on May 31.

Mr. G. L. Windred, an entomologist who recently arrived in Sydney from Fiji, sailed from Melbourne for England by the Largs Bay in May.

Mr. L. C. Farnsworth sailed from Sydney for New Guinea by the Montoro on May 15 to join the radio station staff at Rabaul.*

In Defence Of Japan

What is Happening in the Mandated Islands The following article, in defence of Japanese activities in the Marshall Islands (which Japan holds under mandate) was written hy Mr. Carl R. Heine, a missionary of the American Board oj Missions, who has lived in the Marshall and Caroline Groups for a very long time. Mr. Heine is now a resident of Jaluit, Marshall Islands.

IN your November issue there is a paragraph in “Tropicalities” concerning proceedings at the sitting of the Mandates Commission on November 10, when Japan’s administration of her Mandates in the South Seas was sharply criticised.

Apparently the vexed question was: “The difference of apparently one third between exports and imports the latter being the greater—led to the suggestion that the Japanese were draining the islands of their natural resources, giving the natives little in return.”

It seems to me that with the information supplied to the League of Nations from time to time by responsible Japanese officials, and corroborated by Major Bodley, Professor Clyde, and other reliable writers who have visited the Mandates in question during recent years, there should be no valid reason whatever for the critical and distrustful attitude of the Mandates Commission. But the writer is not at all surprised, for it has long been evident that a fault-finding spirit is rampant nowadays, especially where Japan is concerned.

What explanations Mr. Ito (the Japanese delegate to the League of Nations) may have offered concerning the matter I do not know, but this I can certify and affirm: The natives of the Japanese South Sea Mandates receive more for their copra under the present regime than they ever did before, and they are able to purchase all their requirements from a larger and more varied stock than they ever could before, and can do this at less cost than ever before.

These facts should tend to allay the apprehensions of the Mandates Commission. The Commission has been barking up the wrong tree.

But how about the excess of exports over imports? The explanation appears to be simple. There are several Japanese bonito-fishing ventures, purely their own, in the Mandates with an annual catch valued at over a million yen. Then there is the sugar industry in the Carolines, purely their own, with an annual output valued at over 10,000,000 yen. The labourers in these industries are, I understand, practically all Japanese, from the mainland, or else Lu Chu islanders. It is only to be expected that most of the savings of these men, and also the dividends of the shareholders, will not be spent in the mandates, hence the imports will tend to be less than they might be under other circumstances. 52 Pacific Islands Monthly. June 23. 193 7

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New Sugar Industry

The principal sugar plantations are on Tinian and Saipan, in the Marianas, a spur of the Caroline Islands. Tinian is a long, flat-topped elevated island of coral formation, 38 square miles in area, and in some respects similar in appearance to Banaba or Nauru —the well-known phospate islands —but of a more terracelike structure on the weather side. It is only a few miles distant from Saipan, which is another island of coral formation, but very different in appearance to Tinian.

I well remember my first sight of the latter island, towards the close of 1918, when I was on a never-to-be-forgotten journey to Japan. The tide was low as we steamed along the weather shore.

From the outer edge of the flat-topped reef adjoining the land—a reef very similar to that of the typical coral island — columns of spray shot high up at short intervals, probably caused by blow-holes with large openings at the extremity of the reef, with small outlets further back.

I never saw anything exactly like it before. In a curious manner, many of these columns of spray seemed to maintain their upright position for nearly half a minute, without spreading out or dissipating, as they advanced across the reef towards the land like tall, sheeted ghosts.

At that time Tinian was covered with a dense jungle, wherein wild cattle and fierce hogs roamed at will, and no sound of human voice was heard. When I again passed the island in 1933 I was amazed at the great change that had taken place.

The dense jungle had given place to miles and miles of vivid green fields of luxuriant sugar-cane, ripening for the harvest, and the hum of busy industry had replaced the former solitude.

While viewing this prosperity, and considering the change and progress manifest elsewhere throughout the mandates, and comparing this with what I have read concerning alleged conditions in some of the mandates of other powers, it is to the writer obvious that Japan has demonstrated her ability to administer mandates as satisfactorily as any of the other Mandatories, and better than some. This finding may be objected to; flaws in the system pointed out; nevertheless, the truth will stand.

Air-Line To Marshalls?

I am interested in an item in your December issue, entitled “Japanese Wings Over the Pacific,” in which it was stated that misgivings have been felt in U.S. navy circles at Japan’s alleged intention to open an air-line from Japan to the mandated islands—that is, the Caroline and Marshall Islands.

Well, at present there are no signs here of anything of the sort being contemplated. But I certainly do hope that the plan materialises, and the sooner the better. I don’t see why U.S. navy circles should entertain any misgivings concerning the project. Surely, in these days of world progress an air line from Japan to the Mandates is to be expected, and in fact it is long overdue.

No more misgiving should be felt in U.S. navy circles over the plan, than in Japanese navy circles over Pan-American Airways. If the Japanese have misgivings over that, they haven’t said so, to my knowledge. It would have been more appropriate for U.S. folk to have remained mum, also.

Mr. and Mrs. W. Lieber, old residents of Tonga and Samoa, who have been settled in Sydney for some years, have been elected members of The Pacific Islands Club. Other new members are Mr. T. Wilson', at one time of Apia, Samoa, and Mr. Edward C. Snow, a former resident of Tahiti and Rarotonga.

Dr. A. S. Frater returned to Vila, New Hebrides, by the Morinda on May 27. Dr.

Frater is Medical Missionary in charge of the Presbyterian Hospital at Vila. 53 Pacific islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Pacific Islands Club

''PHE second gathering of the Pacific * Islands Club, which was held at the Hotel Carlton in Sydney on May 26, had a Fijian atmosphere. Dr. H. lan Hogbin presided over a large attendance.

The speaker for the evening, Mr.

Thomas Horne, of Suva, was introduced by Mr. R. W. Robson, who referred to the club’s guest of honour as “one of the most lovable men in the Pacific.”

Mr. Horne’s address is reported elsewhere. Referring to Fiji of to-day, he declared that Suva must eventually be one of the most important ports in the Pacific. He emphasised that Fiji was never conquered or annexed, but ceded to Queen Victoria on condition that the land should never be taken away from the natives. An interesting fact, following upon the entry of Indian in the Colony, he said, was that they were now eating Fijian native foods, and consequently the younger generation were men of much improved physique. The Indian population would always be in the position of tenants, and the Fijians would always remain landlords. “Our native people can never lose their land, thank God!” he added.

Mr. Horne paid tribute to the work of the Central Medical School, which he had seen inaugurated in Suva in the time of Sir William MacGregor. “This is wonderful w'ork,” he said, “and its influence is seen in improved living conditions and increases in population in many parts of the Pacific.”

A vote of thanks was proposed by the New Zealand Trade and Tourist Commissioner (Mr. W. Taylor) and seconded by Mr. W. H. Fetch, (at one time schoolmaster at Pitcairn Island). Among those who assisted in the evening’s entertainment was the club’s chieftainess, Mrs.

Alfred Page (Lefagaoalii), Miss Julie Werry (the New Zealand soprano), Mr.

Roo Williams (of Tahiti), and Mr. Vin Terry (who was then passing through Sydney on his way back to Suva).

Mr. C. Pemberton, of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, who has been collecting sugar cane-seeds in New Guinea, arrived in Sydney from Rabaul by the Malaita on May 22. With his wife, he sailed for Honolulu by the Mariposa on May 28.

The marriage took place recently at Wellington, New Zealand, of Miss Miriam Warren, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. S. Warren, of Pitcairn Island. The bridegroom was Mr. Matthew King, of Miramar, Wellington. The bride was the first Pitcairn girl to be married in New Zealand. Her sister, Daisy, will be married in Wellington in June. The girls are descendants of Fletcher Christian, of “Bounty” fame.

Dr. H. lan Hogbin, first president of The Pacific Islands Club in Sydney, is lecturer in anthropology at the University of Sydney, and a Ph.D. of the University of London. Dr. Hogbin is author of “Law and Order in Polynesia,” one of the most important books written in recent years in relation to the Pacific. The material for that work was obtained during a lengthy stay on Ontong Java. Dr. Hogbin has also carried out anthropological research in New Guinea and in the Solomons. He is now engaged on a book dealing with cultural impact on the island of Malaita.

Dr. Hogbin returned to Sydney last year from Europe and the United States, and when passing through Honolulu had an opportunity of conferring with another distinguished anthropologist.

Professor Peter H. Buck, Director of the Bishop Museum.

Photo: Monte Luke, F.R.P.S., Sydney 54 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23. 1937

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In Dutch New Guinea

A New Mountain and New People (Written for the “ P.l.Mhy C. R.

SHELDON, of Doha, Aroe Islands ) ABOUT the middle of 1936, it was decided that an exploration party from the Netherland New Guinea Petroleum Coy., should organise a party to climb the Carstensz Mountains in Dutch New Guinea, in order to carry out certain research work, and collect specimens of geological and botanical value.

In addition to this, the exploration party was to make contact with the native Kapankos tribe, who are really pygmies, and make a study of their habits, etc.

An exploration party, led by Dr, A.

Colijn (son of the Prime Minister of Holland) assisted by Mr. F. J. Wissel and Mr. J. Dozy, started on their first trek to the Carstensz mountains in the middle of November, 1936, the jumpingoff place being a small base camp at Aika on the South Coast of Dutch New Guinea.

Earlier in the- year, an advance party, under the charge of Mr. H. Schilfgaarde, had, in addition to opening up the base camp at Aika, also started to blaze the trial for the exploration party, through the thick jungle, before the mountains could be reached, in order to establish another base camp at an altitude of 1500 metres. This track was necessary in order that food and other supplies required by the exploration party could be taken to the base camp. Mr. Schilfgaarde had also to make a landing-ground for the Sikorsky planes at this camp and, in addition, had to make contact with the Kapanos natives.

The exploration party travelled by Sikorsky seaplanes—which are amphibian—from Aika, and landed at the base camp, 1500 metres up in the mountains.

From this camp the real trek started to the summit.

It took the party ten days to reach the summit, situated 5040 metres above sea level, and seven days to make the descent. The party stayed 20 days at the summit, collecting their specimens and carrying out excursions over the large snow-fields.

The conditions at the summit were very trying, the weather treacherous during their stay, and almost every day snow and hail storms took place. The nights were bitterly cold, but clear, causing the snow to become frozen; but as soon as the sun reached a certain height, its heat made the snow soft, making it almost impossible to carry out any explorations.

Therefore most of the exploring had to be carried out at night, so that the camp could be reached while the snow was hard.

So, for the greater part of the daylight, the exploring party had to shelter in their small tents, just big enough to hold three people. Adopting this method of doing their exploring by night and early morning, quite a lot was done, and a number of excursions made over the large snow fields. The party even reached the northern side of the mountain.

On the return journey, some time was spent with the Kapankos. These natives are still practically in the stone age. The only iron implements they possessed were an axe and a few knives, stolen from a settlement in the east of New Guinea, that settlement having been visited by Mr. Wollaston more than 20 years ago.

Women in their garden, on the Kaiboes River, register anger when approached by the exploring party. 55 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Don’T Neglect

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ASBESTOS HOUSE, YORK ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W. (Box 3935 V„ G'.P.O., Sydney) He came through on his way to the Carstensz mountains, but failed to reach the summit—he only reached the snow line— and then only stayed an hour. Physically, these natives are well built, strong, and make excellent carriers. At first they are very suspicious of the white man and everything with him, but once their confidence is gained they soon become very friendly—too friendly, in fact —even taking it as a matter of course that they sit inside the tents. They became very “attached” to small things such as spoons, empty tins, flash-light torches, etc., etc.

Their diet consists principally of Oehi (sweet potatoes), but they also cultivate extensively Kladie (Taro), Sugar Cane, Ginger and Bananas. They rear pigs in their villages, but these are killed only on special ocfcasions.

The natives, seeing the exploration party arrive by plane and take their departure by the same means, naturally though that the party had come from “heaven.” It was their ambition to go along to “heaven,” so that they could shed their black skin and become white —it was hard to make them understand that they would have to die before this change could come about.

Five of the most intelligent were taken to the coast to see the “big water,” and were then taken on to Babo by M.B.

Soedoe —Babo being the headquarters of the Netherland New Guinea Petroleum Coy., in Dutch New Guinea. On their arrival at Babo, the five were astounded to meet the exploration party again. Here were folk transported in a few hours from practically the stone age, and put down in another part of their country where all modern equipment was in daily use. At Babo, the natives could see airplanes, machinery, electricity in all its usages, ships, the sea, wireless, etc.

But, when shown a block of ice from the factory, they with one accord turned away in disgust and remarked, “7/dpo”—meaning “ice,” but said in such a tone as to say, “we see that in our village every day.”

These natives also witnessed the departure of Dr. A. Colijn for Holland in one of the Sikorsky planes. When they saw the plane getting higher and higher, and at last lost in the clouds, they exclaimed, “ Aikwa ” (good), and indicated with many gestures that he had gone back to “heaven.”

Mr. Coster, the Agent at Tahiti of the Union Steamship Company of N.Z., returned to Papeete on board the Hauraki on May 10. Mr. and Mrs. Coster have been taking a well-earned holiday in New Zealand.

Mr. W. T. Miller, Airways Superintendent of the United States Department of Commerce, sailed by the Mariposa for America on May 8. For the past three months Mr. Miller has been visiting Australia and New Zealand investigating air route possibilities.

Right Rev. W. H. Baddeley, Bishop of Melanesia, sailed by the Mariposa on May 28 for New Zealand, where he joined the Southern Cross, whici* left Auckland on June 2 for the New Hebrides and Solomons. The Bishop attended the Anglican General Synod at Hamilton, N.Z., in April, and then visited Australia.

Rev. and Mrs. G. J. Flatten sailed by the Montoro on May 15 for New Guinea.

For the past three years, Mr. Flatten has been State Secretary for Overseas Missions in Western Australia, but he has now returned to mission work, in New Britain.

Mr. Thomas Dillon, a journalist on the Minneapolis Tribune, U.S.A., arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui on May 31, after six months in Tahiti, Solomon Islands and New Guinea. He is collecting material for a book.

The five primitive mountain men of the Kapankos, photographed when they were being shown the “wonders of civilisation” at Babo. 56 Pacific Islands Monthly. June 23, 19 3 7

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N.S.W., AUSTRALIA Write for Pin-Game, Totem and Odds and Evens Leaflets ’Phones, M 2525 and M 2526. Cable address, “Leveradioh.” Goods forwarded V.P.P. or Sight Draft. Satisfaction and Service Guaranteed. We can supply by mail all General Merchandise at a Better Price. Quotations with pleasure. Please add freight and packing 57 Pacific Islands Monthly* June 23. 1937

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Hon. Alport Barker, of Suva, has been elected president of the Fiji Rugby Union for 1937.

Pattern Service

\A/E have arranged with a well-known Sydney ** firm of pattern-cutters to publish each month a diagram of a seasonable frock, patterns of which may be obtained by our readers direct from this office, post free, on payment of the sum stated under the diagram. Address your letter to “Pattern,” Pacific Islands Monthly, Box 3408 R, Sydney, and enclose a note giving the number of the pattern wanted and bust size, and enclose also the price of the pattern in postal note or stamps. The pattern will be sent by return mail. 4091—Note the swing of the skirt —it is new and Continental ; this is obtained by the shaped seam back and front. Blouse has three-quarter length sleeves shaped at the wrists and gathered or pleated into the armholes. Contrast collar and front trimming give a bright finish. Materia (for 36 in. bust) : 3i yds. 36 ins. wide ; contrast, j- yd. 36 ins. wide. Bust sizes 32 to 40 ms.

EXPLORING PARTY FOR T.N.G.

BACKED by the British Museum and Zoological Society, a party of 30 scientists will .leave London shortly for exploratory work in New Guinea, New Britain and Choiseul Island (one of the Solomon Group). It is hoped to study the native tribes and bring back specimens of birds and animals. Dr. P. F.

Paget, a former navy captain, is to lead the expedition, and all the members are to contribute £250 each. The expedition is the result of two years’ careful consideration and planning.

Frock, 4091 Is. Id. 58 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23 ( 1937

At Blue Mountains —Springwood, N.S.W.

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A Classified Directory for Island Residents AT the back of the Sydney Telephone Directory are to be found lists of firms, tabulated in alphabetical order of the nature of the goods or services that they sell, such as adding machines, bath heaters, carpet cleaners, etc.—really a buyer’s guide as to who sells the particular goods or services he requires.

It is of inestimable value, as everybody at some time or another knows what they want, but do not know where to obtain it. By this classified directory a long-felt want is being fulfilled.

Island residents are not quite so fortunate as to have such a directory always at hand. The Pacific Islands Co., however, have established themselves with this end in view—to act the part of a classified directory.

How handy it is to know exactly where to buy the things you want; to eliminate the delays of enquiries and explanations travelling back and forth.

The remedy is simple. The Pacific Islands Co. is at your service to supply your every need, be it an ordinary purchase, an enquiry, or a request to buy goods in, and include them with the general order, all packed and consigned together. Freight and insurance costs are then reduced to a minimum. Only one set of documents, invoices and accounts have to be handled, so the work entailed in clearing and taking delivery of the goods is also minimised as far as possible. Many little charges such as stamp duty on bills of lading and insurance declarations are reduced almost to nothing. But these things allowed to go on, mount to real pounds, shillings and pence over twelve months.

Their catalogue shows a wide range of groceries and foodstuffs, all of well known brands and quality, at the most attractive prices. Included also are representative lists of hardware, sports-goods, tents, manchester, boots and shoes, sand shoes, cutlery, clothing, water-proof goods, jewellery and wrist-watches. Not perhaps as complete as the lists of foodstuffs, but included to illustrate their versatility and ability to satisfy any requirements.

One thing worth remembering is that this company has no other interest to serve than yours. Consequently each order is given individual attention, with the result that it is not a case of the first order pleasing and subsequent deliveries bringing condemnation due to a firm’s disregard of detail.

The Pacific Islands Co. is pleased to answer any enquiries no matter how small, and their catalogue can be obtained by addressing your enquiry to The Sales Manager, The Pacific Islands Co., 728 Grace Building, 7.7 York Street, Sydney, Australia. —Advt.

Medicai Goods

Ml our MEDICAL GOODS are sold with our GUARANTEE OF MONEY BACK it not satisfied; best quality, lowest prices.

Call or write for FREE "BOOK Or KNOWLEDGE." Price List & Catalogue of Medical Goods, etc., and FREE CONFIDENTIAL ADVICE. All these goods POST FREE in plain wrapper from SECURA CHEMISTS, Dept. P. 269 ELIZABETH ST.. MELBOURNE LADIES. —Let the SECURA NURSE advise you in the selection of your medical requirements.

Emery Or Grinding Wheels

An announcement which must interest users of emery or grinding ar\pl similar abrasives is that the Pacific Islands Co. are now distributors of NAXOS PRODUCTS.

NAXOS PRODUCTS comprise grinding or emery wheels, segments, blocks and loose emery, of any grit, grade, shape or texture.

Orders and requests for printed price lists should be addressed to . . .

The Distributors : THE PACIFIC ISLANDS CO. 728 GRACE BUILDING, 77 YORK STREET SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. MA 7698 Fashion Hints for Islands Women By Therese GOLD and —well, gold and any colour your errant fancy pleases, and you can be sure you are in the vanguard of fashion. The new cloth of gold lends itself so happily to the svelte sophisticated type of frock, of perfect cut and line with no trimming except perhaps a troubador sash of emerald, scarlet, royal blue or purple, or a huge cluster of flowers at the shoulder. Shoulder clusters, by the way, grow larger and as they grow they gather to themselves more charm.

Taffetas and nets of gold give a fairy tale air to the jeune fille. They are youthful and romantic, and when there is a combination of the two —gold net over gold taffetas foundation, the result is breathtaking in its loveliness, A dimmer gown of black has a thread of gold gleaming through its sombreness. Gold lines the long monk-line sleeve and a huge cluster of gold feathers, light, airy bits of loveliness, is pinned on the shoulder with more than happy results.

The palest of blue crystal studded net froths out over a double net foundation of mauve and pink, and is like the first pale flush of dawn.

Pastel shades share equal popularity with the more glowing Coronation colours, and clouds of tulle in misty grey metamorphose into a dance frock that bids fair to out-rival its more colourful sisters Silver kid leaves trim the royal purple chiffon gown. The skirt is softly draped and the leaves are appliqued in graceful line down the skirt. A diaphanous gown of black chiffon with rhinestone twinkling from its folds is like night with its thousand eyes.

Coloured rhinestones, the new “sew on” variety, are used extensively for day and evening. During the day they form a motif or a panel down the front of a frock, and when night comes they are scattered lightly over full skirts and twinkle like stars. Bead motifs are also added to daytime frocks with great success; a bow, a geometrical design or what you will.

Bands of good old fashioned ruching trim the bodice, neckline and sleeves of a fuschia afternoon frock. The sleeves are magyar, full to the wrist and caught in a tiny ruched band.

Buttoned bodices with basques are neat and tiim. The basques fit or flare. Little collars fit close to the throat, and often introduce a second collar of contrasting colour.

Three shades of violet go to the making of a delightful formal frock with draped neck and skirt flaring to fulness. The sleeves, wide at the shoulder, taper to slimness at the wrist.

A fluted jabot is an attractive addition to a frock of pebble silk in Wallis blue.

Its raglan sleeves are gauged from neck to elbow and its waist swathed with a sash of parma violet and raspberry. The skirt is slim and straight. Another trock of blue takes unto itself a sash of dull gold with equally pleasing result.

Black is unfailingly chic. Try it with different coloured belts and posies. Brilliant sashes will lend it gaiety —one, two or even three colours —and sometimes there is a scarf to match, or a multicoloured handkerchief to peep from a 59 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Photos Of Goldfields

DISTRICT, NEW GUINEA.

FOR SALE I have over 3,000 negatives available, showing Mines and Mining Work, Aerial Transport and Aeroplanes, Natives, Native Life, Scenery, Towns, etc.

Photos, in any size, from 1" x 15" up to full plate. Postcard photos., 6d. each. Send for some photos, of the gold mine you are interested in.

Agent for: Leica Cameras and accessories; Agfa Cameras and material. Stocks always on hand.

THOS. A. OLSSON, Photographer Box 47, WAU, New Guinea Your Tropical Kit When you visit the Pacific Islands, whether on Business or Pleasure, you need Special Equipment—Light Suits of Correct Style, which fit well and launder easily: Tunic Shirts Silk Shirts, Light Underwear, White Shoes, etc.

WALTER HORNE & CO. LTD., established in 1885, specialise in this Service. Skilled Tailors make your Suits from First-class material within 24 hours. Complete equipment can be supplied from our Large Stocks at Reasonable, Moderate Prices.

Buy From The Firm Which Understands

Dresses You Correctly

WALTER HORNE & CO. LTD., carry a Full Range of Drapery of all kinds; also Frocks, Millinery, Foundations and Lingerie, Hosiery, Shoes and Sandals, Ribbons and Laces, Household Drapery.

Your Needs And

Men resident in t* any of the Pacific Territories can he supplied with Suitable Clothes.

Ladies' Hairdressing and Manicuring Write to us and Describe your Requirements.

WALTER HORNE & Co. Ltd.

Drapers and Men's Wear Specialists

Suva. Fiji

A. B. DONALD LTD.

AUCKLAND

Island Traders :: General Merchants

P. O. Box 1509 Cables and Telegrams: "Kingdom," Auckland Branches at Rarotonga and throughout the Cook Islands At Papeete and throughout the Society, Marquesas and Paumotu Islands trading as " ETABLISSEMENTS DONALD, TAHITI "

At Fiji: Trading as "Dominion Fruit C 0.," Suva pocket set high in the bodice or on the hip of the skirt.

An afternoon frock of Persian rust has a round yoked bodice and V-neckline which it trims with self pleating and adds two gold clasps at the base of the throat.

The skirt is panelled and has inverted pleats on either side.

A redingote effect is obtained by a princess dress opening out to show a panel of constrasting material, either printed or plain. The back swings out in dashing highwayman style.

A tunic saw-edges its hem and outlines the cowl neck line of the bodice in the same unusual way. A wide shoulder line and narrow twisted leather belt with chromium clasp, are some of its highlights. A brown crepe suede is slashed with mustard on the skirt, and has mustard vest and belt. The bodice has stitched collar and pocket flaps.

Evening wraps are full of charm. For winter evenings, face cloth takes pride of place—face cloth cut on tailored lines and buttoning with diamonte buttons as a sop to feminine vanity; or dramatic capes, matador fashion, with far flung scarf ends and lined with brilliant colour.

Woollen evening frocks, too, keep winter winds at bay; and some of the new woollen materials are so beautiful, so soft and supple, and make gowns of such suave distinction, that it is small wonder that the vogue for woollen evening frocks is fast gaining popularity.

Wool, supple as silk, is woven with gold threat or scattered with rhinestones.

Wool cocktail blouses are band embroidered in gay colours or have stitched cloth of gold collars and cuffs.

New Constitution In Fiji

Effective on June 1 2 From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, May 28.

A PROCLAMATION published by the Gazette announces that the present Legislative Council of Fiji will be dissolved as from June 11, 1937, and the new Letters Patent will come into force on June 12.

New electoral rolls are being made up in accordance with the change in the electoral boundaries, and applications for enrolment recently closed. _ The new Legislative Council will consist of 16 official members, five European unofficial members (three elected and two nominated), Five Indian members (three elected and two nominated) and five Fijian members (all nominated in accordance with the wish of the Fijians, as expressed through the Council of Chiefs).

The present Council consists of 13 official members, six European elected members, three nominated Fijian members and two elected Indian members.

Three Indian members are allowed, but only two seats have been occupied for a number of years.

More Marble Found In Fiji

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, June 1.

A NOTHER deposit of marble has been found on the island of Vitilevu. Some time ago, in the Tailevu district, a large deposit of good quality white marble was discovered.

The new discovery was made on the Mainimala River, and it is in a convenient position for cheap water transport, should it be developed commercially.

This deposit is not of such good quality as the Tailevu marble, being bluey-grey in colour, with white veins. However, should there be a demand for decorative marble, or marble for sanitary appliances, it should be worth development.

It is also reported that another discovery of marble has been made in the Nadi district. This, however, is inconveniently situated as regards transport. 60 Pacific Islands Monthly,' June 23, f<537

1936 1937 £ £ Imports 348,367 382,175 Exports ..... 260,240 280,763 Total £608,607 £662,938

Exports In Detail

1937 1936 Sugar — — — — 14,150 tons 8,749 tons £132.693 £78,642 Copra — — 3,289 tons 8,107 tons £56.872 £97,196 Bananas 4.247 bunches 3,140 bunches 37,720 cases 37,720 cases £18,377 £27,820 Molasses 8 427 tons 5,564 tons £3.427 £5.564 Cold Bullion — 2,710 ozs. 2,397 ozs. £21,400 £18,421 Trocas Shell — 54 tons 53 tons £4,724 £3,785 Other Articles £43,270 £28,812 Totals ... .... £280,763 £260,240 A. Q. McGowan & Co.

Suva. Fiji Islands

• Dealers in al! Island Products, Exporters of Trocas Shells, Pearl Shells, Cowrie Shells and Curios, Kauri Varnish Gums, Bark, Mauritius Beans, Maize. Enquiries solicited « *.......... y. J «9 ■ Zfe PREMIER Social Rendezvous of Fiji . . .

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Suva.

Fiji'S Trade

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, May 28.

IMPORTS and exports of Fiji in the first quarter of 1937 were as follows: —

N.Z. Yacht In Fiji

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, June 1.

P|N her second visit to Suva within 12 months, the Auckland vacht Soubrette arrived here early this month under the command of her owner, Captain G. Mills-Palmer, She left Auckland for Brisbane, but met heavy westerly weather and finally headed for Suva.

With the owner are Messrs. J. Crimson, C. Moore, and C. Seale. They will spend two or three months cruising in the Fiji group before returning.

A Cross-Section Of Empire

Striking Description of Coronation Procession By a Representative of Fiji By MAJOR CLIVE B. JOSKE, M.C.

LONDON, May 14. to play a minor part in the Coronation was an intensely moving experience, and it is something to have had the rare privilege of being even one of five thousand men selected to represent the armed Forces of an Empire of half a thousand million citizens. Both Ratu Edward Cakobau and I represented the Fiji army—Edward, whose greatgrandfather, King Cakobau, ceded Fiji to this King’s great-grandmother, and myself, a merchant masquerading as a major.

Edward and I had officially arrived in England by the Strathnaver on April 30.

Quarters were allotted to us at the R.A.M.C. Officers’ Mess at Millbank, a comfortable old-fashioned building on the banks of the Thames. About half the officers of the Colonial Empire Coronation Contingent—what a mouthful—were at Millbank, whilst the remainder were at the Vanderbilt Hotel. Edward and I considered ourselves fortunate; it is much more fun to live in a Mess, especially when one is treated as an honoured guest.

The Contingent consisted of 53 officers and 73 men, as odd an assortment as you ever saw. The men seemed to be drawn mainly from Africa, 30 odd from the R.W.A.F.F. and 20 from the K.A.R., strapping great African negroes, black as coal, in khaki shirts and shorts, but wearing over their shirts something rather like a waistcoat in red, yellow or blue, heavily embroidered in contrasting colours of yellow or red and topped off with a red fez. Two of them, garbed in long knitted singlets stretching half way to their knees, belong to the Camel Corps, K.A.R., which patrols the borders of Kenya and Soamaliland.

Then there was a trooper from the Trans-jordan Frontier Force, light olive skin, with a long-skirted tunic in a shade of khaki which I can only describe as crushed mulberry, and with a cossack type of head-dress of astrakhan. A European tea planter, Sergeant in the Ceylon 61 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Anvdhoo Noiivoiavn Nosivh

S3AisoidX3—a3iiiAin (vnvdisnvl si3aoN s.qaoti : JOj S+UO&V J, vohvs qnv V9NOI ‘irid moHenodHi s3HONVda ‘ eAn S ‘ " OD !JjO p9-<9+si6o^j •an ‘woaxsaeH ‘sraaow

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Planters’ Rifle Corps, paraded alongside a short squat Chinese sergeant-major from Hong Kong; a couple of Malays with green pillar-box caps set jauntily over their right eyebrows were next to an aged and corpulent Warrant Officer who had already been to the previous Coronation.

The officers were just as wonderfully assorted. A number came from the various units of the R.W.A.F.F. or K.A.R., but amongst us there was a Lieutenant-commander from Hong Kong, colonial-born pfflcers from the West Indies: Malays; and a native officer from the Aden Protectorate Levies who literally had not used a knife and fork until he reached England.

In my section alone there were officers from Trinidad, Falkland Islands, Sierra Leone, Hong Kong, the F.M.S. and British Guiana—not a bad little cross-section of Empire in itself.

Edward was unique—he was the only soldier to be bareheaded on parade!

Thus the Colonial Contingent, through its complete lack of uniformity, its racial variety and its odd mixture of drab khaki and garish colour was sharply contrasted against the scarlet, blue and gold that were the dominating colours of the procession. The spectators, in their hundreds of thousands, looking at us, savoured to the full the glamour and romance of their Colonial Empire, stretching to the uttermost ends of the earth.

At Wellington Barracks

Contingent were paraded together on Monday, May 10, when each of us 1 saw for the first time his strange bedfellows. Our headquarters were at Wellington Barracks, the home of the Guards, and I think we were all fascinated to find ourselves in precincts so consecrated to military tradition. The Guards “carried on” but we were as thrilled as children by the clock-work precision of their most minor movements.

The weather had been cold with a dank mist almost every day, and the War Office had issued an order that all troops must be in possession of greatcoats in case a general cloaking order should be issued. Edward’s clothing allowance from the Fiji Government was almost exhausted but representations to the Colonial Office put us in funds once more, so we were in a position to “cloak” at a moment’s notice.

It looked as though this would have to be done, for on the Tuesday, London treated us to a tropical downpour. However, the Great Day dawned cold, misty, but fine. My servant said it was “mild,” so I donned two woollen singlets to keep warm, and Edward and I put on our white tunics.

We then proceeded to play our parts in a really comfortable manner. There was no rising at crack of dawn for us — not a bit of it. After a leisurely breakfast we left our comfortable quarters at 9 a.m. for Wellington Barracks by motorbus. The run across took only a few minutes. As we were not required to parade before 11.30 a.m., Edward and I strolled over from Wellington Barracks to a point of vantage just opposite the gates of Buckingham Palace —it was not unduly crowded, since admission here was limited to ticket-holders—and we had an excellent view of the arrivals of the distinguished and the departures of the various processions to the Abbey.

We saw at close quarters the triple Guard of Honour, Sailors, Guards and Airmen, the unhurried ease of the Escort of Lifeguards, the fairy-tale splendour of the Glass Coach —and at length their Imperial Majesties set forth amid a wave of cheering that shrilled away into the distance, whilst we paraded at the Barracks and set forth in our turn.

In The Procession

OPPOSITE Buck House we halted, whilst each little bit of the jig-saw was fitted into its place, and the procession for the return from Westminster Abbey was complete, save for the Captains and the Kings.

The Colonial Contingent was at the head, which sounds as though we occupied the post of honour. However, in a State procession you rank from the front backwards; the first shall be last, and so forth. The same rule applied to the Contingent itself—junior officers in front 62 Pacific Islands Monthly. June 23, 1937

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Walking Cultivators Write for illustrated folders and all information MORRIS, HEDSTROM LTD. - Suva. Lautoka and Ba Made by: RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES, LTD., IPSWICH, ENGLAND and senior in rear—so, as we dressed by the left flank, it came to pass that the whole of the procession took its dressing from a young naval volunteer midshipman from Singapore!

Whilst halted, we could hear snatches of the service broadcast from the Abbey.

When the Archbishop placed the Crown on the King’s head the crowds in the packed stands about us all rose to their feet and joined with those inside the Abbey in acclaiming King George VI. as King of all the Kingdoms.

And one realised with some degree of awe that millions all over the world were also hearing those voices charged with emotion vibrating from the Abbey into space!

At length, we moved off and swung into the Mall behind the Band and Bugles of the Rifle Brigade. Here the crowd had already enthused over the Royal Processions earlier, and so we were greeted with applause which seemed restrained by comparison with that which was to greet us later. Few people, too, had been allowed into Whitehall and there was not much more than handclapping.

Then “Eyes, Right” followed at the Cenotaph and we wheeled left-handed along Victoria Embankment. Here there were 40,000 school children who had been there for hours and we were the first piece of the pageant they had seen. So' there was a gale, a storm, a wild hurricane of high-pitched, shrieking, deliriods enthusiasm. Only an iceberg could have remained cold and unresponsive to this.

The enthusiasm was just as full-bodied, if not such a cataclysm of sound, along Pall Mall, St. James’s Street, Piccadilly and Regent Street. It was smiling, shouting, cheering faces everywhere imaginable, and in numbers incalculable, whilst the pavements grew forests of periscopes.

In Upper Regent Street we halted, which meant that the end of our procession was in position by the Houses of Parliament, ready to move off as soon as the King and Queen entered the glass coach at Westminster Abbey. Here we stood at ease and munched our ration of chocolate until a policeman, from the wireless van in front, waved a red-striped disc and then lowered it, signifying that the King had joined the procession.

On into Oxford Street, and I got a sudden view of an empty street stretching undisturbed by traffic, an odd sight in London. Here it seemed that enthusiasm reached its zenith and that the crowds were packed more densely.

But the unforgettable sight came as we swung through Marble Arch into Hyde Park. The road widened out on either hand to trees in their new spring greenery, and the tiered faces, stretching outwards and upwards, enhanced the air of spaciousness. It was growing darker, and the mist lay heavier—everything was as unreal as a dream.

On through a grey-white arch, topped with pink rhododendrons, and down narrow Constitution Hill, where we passed aged Chelsea pensioners, who sat staring motionless at us—a reminder that there had been glorious pageantry in England before to-day and that our glory, too, would fade into a memory of the past. And so past Buckingham Palace to Wellington Barracks, surprised and relieved to find that a lunchless ten miles had been as only three.

It has been worth coming fourteen thousand miles to play a minor part in this brilliantly unforgettable spectacle.

Of the organisation I can only say, perfection; of the stage management, incredibly perfect; and of our audience, those patient laughing English hosts who lined the streets, I can only repeat the comment of a young native officer from Malay who said to me: “Sir, these English people are very good-humoured and orderly. If all the people of the world behaved like them, sir, the world would be a better place.”

Governor Of Fiji On Tour

SUVA, May 28. *T , HE new Governor of Fiji, Sir Arthur ■k Richards, since his arrival last November, has visited most of the group.

Recently he made an extensive tour of the main centres of Vanua Levu (visiting Savu Savu, Nabouwalu, Naduri, Labasa and Yanawai), and at all places he was cordially received.

Residents appreciate His Excellency’s energy in making these trips at considerable personal inconvenience, seeing that the Government yacht Pioneer is laid up indefinitely and likely to be scrapped.

His Excellency is away now from Suva on a visit to the Lau group, in the small steamer Malake. He has taken a large party of Government officials with him.

He called at the Makogai leper station on the way out, and will call also at Kadavu. 63 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

YEAR ENDED MARCH 31. 1935 1936 1937 £ £ £ Cross profit 130,223 149.606 193,499 Net profit _ 45.141 53,511 70,384 Div., pref., 6 p.c 13,152 13,152 13,152 Div., ord., p.c 5 5 54 Div.. ord., amount 26,020 26,020 29,923 To Reserve — — 20,000 Forward 40,425 54,764 62,072 LIABILITIES— Capital: Preference 219,206 219.206 219,206 Ordinary 520,407 520.407 520,407 General reserve 80,000 80,000 80.000 Insurance fund res 41,906 45.080 48,530 Depositors 1,965 5,100 10,010 Creditors 14.955 13,882 22,700 Charges accrued due 2,742 3,194 3,023 Suspense (income tax, etc.) 6,194 10,833 15,373 ASSETS— Plantations 54,194 52,753 49,033 Land and buildings 301,820 294,055 290,404 Floating stock 19,950 17,250 14,484 Plant and fittings 6,326 8,534 10.674 Merchandise 174,833 193,450 238.655 Produce 52,398 55,116 100,279 Branches and due by subsidiary companies 63,359 57,232 75,572 Debtors ....... 129,926 151,045 132,468 Prepaid items 2,444 2,136 3,088 Cash 20,829 36,118 34,872 Shares, debs, and mortg 123.909 104,359 75.282 Total assets 949,988 972,054 1 ,024,814 £ * * a 9 9 bSI il 9- Ct o\ 9° 5% v- -428A Hard hitting at long range, heavy loads and high velocity make both "Duxbac" and "Icil Special" the Ideal cartridges for the keen duck shooter, and cut out any chance of "lost" birds.

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Incorporated in Victoria. 331 KENT STREET, SYDNEY Telegrams: Sydney Bullivants Ltd.’ # Miss Hilda Taylor, who is in charge of the Jasper Williams’ Boarding School for Indian children at Lautoka, Fiji, sailed from Sydney by the Monowai on June 10 for Fiji.

Mr. H. H. Stinear, a geologist from New Zealand, left by the Macdhui on June 5 to join the staff of Islands Exploration Ltd. in Papua.

Morris Hedstrom

Company in Strong Position IyTESSRS. Morris Hedstrom Ltd., with headquarters at Suva, Fiji, reported a net profit of £70,384 for the year ended March 31, compared with £53,511 for the previous year. Gross profit is £43,893 higher at £193,499. Ordinary dividend is raised to 5| per cent, from J 5 per cent. (21 interim and 34 final), and requires £29,923. Preference dividend of 6 per cent, absorbs £13,152. An amount of £20,000 is transferred to general reserve, making that account £lOO,OOO. With £54,764 brought forward, there is carried forward £62,072.

The following analysis and comparison show the remarkable healthiness of this company:— Higher values of merchandise and of produce held denote not only heavier stocks for better trade, but higher prices.

Debtors are substantiallv lower, showing the improved position of the company’s •customers. The reduction in the item, “shares, debentures, and mortgages,” of £29,077, if it relates principally to the two latter sub-items, has the same significance as the reduction in trade debtors.

Useless " Bounty "

SYSTEM Canberra Officials Examine A Long-Dead Corpse In Papua PORT MORESBY, June 3.

TWO officers of the Department of Trade and Customs, Messrs. J.

Fletcher and O. Wolfensberger, have arrived in the Territory to inquire into the possible renewal of the Papua and New Guinea Bounties Act, which was adopted by the Commonwealth in 1926, and which will expire at the end of 1937.

The products concerned included Cocoa Beans, Cocoa Shells, Fibres, Sago (not packed for household use), Vanilla Beans, unmanufactured Bamboos and Rattans, Spices, and Kapok, and they were allowed bounties of varying amounts for 10 years, from January, 1927. The following products also were admitted free into the Commonwealth: Coffee, Dried Fruits, Fresh Fruits, Fungi, Ginger, Rangoon Beans, Coconuts (whole, prepared or unshelled), and Seeds, such as Sesame and Kapok.

There has been no demand for the fruits specified, which are practically unknown in the Territory, such as Chicomamey, Litchi, Longan, Akee, Pulasan, etc., and apart from Coffee and Desiccated Coconut, no advantage has been taken of this offered assistance.

The bounty system is mostly notable for its omission of those products which could have been exploited profitably except in the case of Kapok and Sisal Hemp, which had already been attempted without marked success.

This “measure of assistance” has been generally regarded as simply not worth while. With the exception of Coffee and Desiccated Coconut, all the products were experimental crops, and most of them difficult to cultivate, and without prospect of a market in Australia.

If the bounties had been extended to Bananas, Pineapples, Maize, Citrus Fruits, and such other crops as naturally grow well in Papua, the measure might have been o t practical and lasting value.

Generally, it is considered that a permanent bounty scheme would have some value if it encouraged the growing of small, easily-grown crops, which might induce the planting of new areas by providing plantations with revenue until the main crop is established. 64 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Helping The Natives

Respective Spheres of Missions and Governments Letter to the Editor FAR be it from me to disagree with your criticism of Lord Moyne’s' superficial “Walkabout” (P.1.M., March, 1937).

It is to be regretted, however, that in your widely-read magazine you should repeat one or two mistaken ideas held by many worthy men and women down South, who have no personal knowledge of native matters in New Guinea.

Like most long-time residents of Papua, I have much admiration *for the great work performed by mission bodies, especially by their lady members, but I do think that you rather unfairly exaggerate the position when you state that “without the missions the condition of the natives in contact with Europeans would be calamitous indeed.”

Surely this is a reflection, possibly unintended, upon the long-continued task of the Murray Administration, at least, ,and suggests that if all the missions decided to remove themselves from the field, the local magistrates and protectors of Papuans would view with unconcern the harsh or unlawful treatment of natives by any who might venture upon such a policy? Is it not also unjust to our decent white community to infer that they are only held back from ill-treating the natives by the presence of the devoted missionary. The idea is wholly absurd, and not according to fact, as anyone conversant with the position can affirm.

The spiritual welfare, care and education of the more civilised natives has ever been the splendid task of the missionary; but this could never be accomplished but for the long and patient efforts of patrol officers, magistrates and administrators in bringing these stoneage people into the light of our' so-called civilisation and protecting them from influences which might menace their development. They are not failing in that duty.

I am, etc., ALEX. C. RENTOUL.

Bwagaoia, Misima. 30/4/1937.

Sabotage On The

"Maui Pomare"

SEVERAL parts of the machinery of the Government motorship Maui Pomare, which maintains the direct N.Z.- Samoa service, were removed, and apparently deliberately thrown into Auckland harbour.

The engines were being overhauled, and the cylinder heads and piston rings were stowed on deck. They disappeared, and a diver was sent down to search the harbour bed. He found the rings, and it is thought that the other articles are also in the harbour.

Dr. C. H. B. Thompson, Medical Officer of Health at Suva, returned from leave spent in England on May 2. 65 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Your word is final. This written moneyback guarantee is backed by a fund of £2,000 deposited by the Knox Drug Company (Pty.) Ltd., manufacturers of Cystex, with the leading banks of the world, such as Bank of New South Wales, Sydney ; Westminster Bank Limited (Gray’s Inn Branch), London. You can’t afford to endanger your Health—you cannot afford to waste time —and yon can’t afford to take chances with cheap, drastic, irritating drugs, which might injure your delicate Kidneys. Get the doctor’s prescription Cystex from your chemist today, under the written money-back guarantee that it must make you feel well and strong and satisfy in every way or cost nothing'. SCHAFFER & CO., 189 Clarence Street, Sydney.

Mawatta Sold To Chinese

'"PHE 997-ton steamer Mawatta has been * sold to Chinese buyers. The vessel is. now at Noumea, and will shortly go to China.

The Maicatta has sailed under three flags—German, British, and French, and her next voyage will be under the ensign of the Chinese mercantile marine. Originally named the Germania , she was owned by a German firm, and was engaged in the trade between Hong Kong, New Britain, and Australian ports. In July, 1914, she was damaged in a typhoon and her master, who was unaware of the imminence of war, came to Sydney for repairs. A few days later war was declared, and the vessel was seized.

Methodists' Tour

HUNDRED Methodist Church members squatted on their haunches at Tonga, and ate roast sucking pig and turkey with their fingers (reported Sydney Telegraph of June 5).

The story was told when the Katoomha returned on June 4 from the special cruise to the Methodist mission stations in Tonga, Suva, and Samoa.

Guests of Queen Salote of Tonga, to whom they presented an illuminated address signed by all on board, the passengers were given three island feasts, where they ate in the native fashion.

Food was so liberal that many of the passengers could not eat all that was placed before them.

At Samoa they were welcomed by 4000 Methodist islanders in whaleboats.

Every day during the voyage, one of the several ministers aboard held church services in the saloon.

There are no collections at church services in the islands, so the cruise passengers created a precedent at Tonga.

They took up a collection among themselves, and presented the proceeds— £72 —to the furtherance of mission work there.

RETAILERS REJECT COOK IS.

ORANGES DECLARING that the price fixed by the New Zealand Government of 14/to 21/- a case, according to the count, was too high, Wellington fruit retailers early in June declined to buy a shipment of Cook Island oranges. Government officials said that the price could not be lowered because it only covered the landed cost.

The retailers demanded a reduction of 2/6 a case because the fruit was not in good condition, and a deadlock has ensued.

A reference to the new fruit handling scheme appears on page 50.

Coronation Golf

Tournament in Solomon Is. •THE Solomon Islands Coronation Golf * Tournament was the largest tournament of the kind ever held in the Protectorate.

It was found necessary to begin the competitions as early as April 16, and to continue thereafter until the afternoon of Coronation day, May 12. After the final competitions, everybody in the district met at the Tulagi club, where the trophies were displayed prior to their presentation b'y His Honour the Resident Commissioner (Mr. F. N. Ashley, C.M.G.) The following companies generously presented handsome trophies for competition, and these were suitably inscribed: Messrs. Lever’s P.P.P.L.; Burns Philp (S.S.) Ltd.; W. R. Carpenter and' Co. (Sol. Is.) Ltd.; Prouds Ltd., Sydney; W.

Kerr and Co., 542 George Street, Sydney; Angus and Coote Ltd., George Street, Sydney. In addition, cups for runners-up were given.

The competitions and the names of the winners were: Proud Cup (bogey scratch, 27 holes) : Winner, J. C. M. Scott; runner-up, E. Nelson-Turner.

Kerr Cup (stroke, scratch, 27 holes) : Winner, J. C. M. Scott: runner-up, E. Nelson-Turner.

Burns, Philp Cup bogey, scratch, 27 holes) : Winner. E. Nelson-Turner; runner-up, J. C. M.

Scott. Lever’s Cup (ladies’ stroke handicap, 27 holes): Winner, Mrs. J. C. M. Scott; runner-up, Mrs. Osborne.

Sir Walter Carpenter Cup (stroke handicap. 27 holes): Winner, J. C. M. Scott; runner-up, A.

Judd.

Angus and Coote Cup (bogey handicap, 27 holes) : Winner, E. Nelson-Turner; runner-up.

J. C. M. Scott.

The competition was a most successful one, the weather throughout was good, and everyone interested will remember with pleasure the tournament and its historic association.

Rev. C. W. Whonsbon Aston, of the Anglican Mission in Eastern Papua, left Sydney for Mukawa, Papua, after furlough, by the Montoro, on June 23.

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New Legislators

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RABAUL, May 20.

THE new appointments of non-official members of the Legislative Council have been published. They hold office for the next four years. They are: Messrs.

J C. Mullaly (senior member), W. E.

Grose, B. B. Perriman, N. P. H. Neal, R. L. Clark and R. C. A. Ollerenshaw, and Rev. F. G. Lewis. The two last-named members are the new appointees.

Rev. F. G. Lewis is the chairman of the Methodist Mission Society in New Guinea, and has had considerable experience in legislative matters in Samoa, where he resided for* a number of years.

Sold Production In Fiji

'"PHE chairman of directors of Morris *Hedstrom Ltd.(Sir Maynard Hedstrom) in his annual address to shareholders in Suva on May 26, said that “expenditure on the Fiji goldmining areas continues on a substantial scale. Production at the Loloma Mine will commence toward the end of this year and the new machinery for the Emperor Mine should be in operation before the end of December. The result will be a marked increase in the output of gold from and after the beginning of 1938.”

Salamaua ’Drome

New Stone Runway Near Completion DURING the last 18 months, a stone runway 1200 feet long, and from 50 to 100 feet wide has been built on the aerodrome at Salamaua, New Guinea. It always will be a swampy aerodrome, on account of its low position between the Francisco River and the head of the bay; but gradually, by the liberal building of drains, and the use of stone, it is being converted into an “all-weather landingground.”

The new work has been done under the supervision of Mr. C. Hendrick. The Public Works Department sent, from Rabaul, the old Rapindik narrow-gauge railways; a Model T Ford engine was used as a locomotive; eight trucks were supplied; and a supply of stone was found about a mile away in the jungle.

The work commenced in December, 1935. A layer of heavy stones was put down; then smaller stones; then a binding of broken stone. The runway is cambered, and drains alongside carry off tljie surface-water. The planes have been using the runway since it was 50 feet wide, and it allowed the planes to run regularly in the goldfields and Port Moresby services during the whole of the last wet season.

It is intended to complete the runway to 100 feet over its entire length, and give it a top-dressing of tar. The little railway will provide about 84 truck-loads of stone per day, for new construction or maintenance.

Plane taking off along the new stone runway at Salamaua. Note the railway at the side, by which the stone was brought in.

The dust raised by the plane, as shown in picture, will be avoided when the surface is tarred. (Photo by courtesy of C. Hendrick) 67 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23. 19 3 7

Mar. 20 Apr. 17 May 15 June 12 Ore treated, tons ... 2,370 2,356 2,025 2,236 Head, value, dwt. „ 9.0 8.9 10 9.8 Gold, oz., fine 974.2 960.5 933 951.3 Feb. 25 Mar. 25 Apr.22f May 20 Ore. tons 2,359 2,600 2,310 2,566 Gold, fine, oz. .... 365 447 655 576 Value, £A 3,194 3,911 5,731 5,040 Mining Ore Treatment Machinery

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WEIGHTS AND ASSAYS. are assured to producers and sellers of gold bullion who forward their consignments to The Electrolytic Refining and Smelting Co. of Aust. Ltd. for treatment and realisation.

RECORD PRICE.—On 6th March, 1935, this company paid to its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine ounce, which is the highest price ever paid for gold in Australia.

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Pacific Islands Mining Notes From Fiji

Emperor Mine

operations of Emperor Mines Ltd., Tavua, Fiji, for the four weeks ended May 15, a progress report advised that a north drive, started off the 1920 east crosscut at 163 ft east of the main north drive at No. 2 (190 ft, level) had been advanced 73ft. Truck samples over the full distance had averaged 15.9 dwt. a ton. A south drive, started at the same point, had been advanced 101 ft., and connected to the 1820 east crosscut. Truck samples had averaged 12.8 dwt. a ton for the full distance. These values, taken in conjunction with the high values obtained in the 1920 crosscut, over a width of 30ft. indicated that a substantial tonnage of good ore would be available from this section of the mine. This area would be further tested for width by crosscuts, and later by rises and winzes, for vertical extensions.

Koroere And Emperor

The proved ore developed on the Cardigan lease and on the Koroere area at Tavua, Fiji, is not of sufficient tonnage to warrant the capital expenditure involved in a modern milling plant, says the managing director of Koroere Gold N.L. (Mr. E. G. Theodore) in a report on the future policy of the company. The Koroere ore would not pay to mine and treat except iri a large plant, where costs were extremely low. The proved ore at the Cardigan is of too limited a tonnage to warrant the class of plant which would result in low profits.

He recommends that the company’s properties be merged into one of the other mining companies operating and erecting milling plants on the field. The Emperor company could treat at its new plstnt the ore from both the Cardigan and Koroere at a rate of about 200 tons a Week without any additional milling machinery or plant. The Emperor company would doubtless carry on a continuous campaign concurrently with the mining of the known ore bodies, and would, if the progress of development warranted it, extend its lower levels into the Koroere area.

The directors believe that the interests of the company would be best served by continuing the present developmental policy for 12 months. With this in view, it is intended to carry out development work designed to indicate whether it would be better for the company to instal its own mining and treatment plant or enter into negotiation for absorption by another company. At the present rate of expenditure, it is estimated that a further call of 6d a share should, with the funds in hand, be sufficient to carry out this work.

KOROERE The management on May 31 received the following progress report: Cardigan lode, No. 3 prospecting shaft: S drive 10ft., to 34ft. Value, 11 dwt. Lode narrow. Stopped. West Cardigan lode: N. drive 20ft to 42ft. Value, 10 dwt. S. drive 47ft. to 55ft. Value, 3 dwt. Stopped drive.

Sinking 50ft. further S.

LOLOMA Headframe and winch erection at the main shaft of Loloma (Fiji) Gold Mines N.L., is now completed. Skids have been installed in the shaft between 120 ft. and 224 ft. (bottom) levels.

Very good progress is being made with the treatment plant despite wet weather conditions.

Practically all treatment plant is at the site or will arrive shortly.

Report from the mine at the end of May: No. 1 Adit: Further 91ft. of stripping and timbering preparation for stoping, total 454 ft. Leading stope taken off for 51ft. No. 2 Adit: S. drive off E. xcut at 20ft. advanced to 464, Average value 14.8 dwt. per ton over width of 32in. for last 39ft. E. xcut at 302 ft. in above S. drive extended 36ft. to 76ft. At 42ft. cut flat make of mineralised ash and to 54ft. average value was 34.4 dwt. per ton.

MT. KASI Additional recovery for February from slag 65 fine oz. fMill closed for five days for Easter and for repairs.

From New Guinea

Bulolo Gold Deposits

nULOLO Gold Deposits report that the recently acquired area of 50 acres (previously advised as 45 acres) adjoining the Morobe area is estimated to contain 2,500,000 cubic yards of alluvials with average values of 1/3 a yard. This property will be worked from the company’s pre- 68 Pacific islands Monthly, June 23, !937

Feb.

Mar.

April 4- May 6 June 7 Wash, cub. yd. ... 24,200 — .— .— Gold, oz. 86 .— .— — Bulolo—- Cub. yd. — 18,000 12,000 14,000 Gold, oz. — 84 60 50 Morobe — Cub. yd. — 3,800 — 4,500 Gold, oz. •Partial clean up. 71 75* 60 March tApril May Cubic yard 918,000 977,000 901,000 Bullion, oz. 17,806 12,101 11,261 Gold, fine oz 12,384 8.390 7,746 VALUE: Aust. currency* ... £108,360 £73,412$ £67,777$ Per cubic yard — /28.3 /18.0 /17.9 Working profit £77,542 £53,086 £53,865 ♦At £A8/15/- per fine ounce.

March April May Hours 760 527 474 Cub. yd 31,256 23,000 24.000 Cold, oz 231.75 487 336.25 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Cubic yards 7,345 9,420 9,934 8,611 8,590 oz 139 ' 219 262 160 132 Per cub. yd. _ 2/10 3/5£ 3/11* 2/9 1-3 2/3* Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Fine gold, oz 900 850 702 Fine silver, oz. ... 644 532 513 Golden Ridges Mill: Fine gold, oz 1,127 819 758 Fine silver, oz. 821 747 860 Edie Creek Mill: Fine gold, oz. 1,552 795 1,801 Silver, oz 2,972 1.591 4.228 Estimated profit: Edie Creek Mill ... £4,982 •£1,088 £7,449 Alluvial £4,107 £3,293 £2,532 Golden Ridges Mill £4,438 £1,690 £563 loss, due to mill days for shaft timbering. being shut for 14 ipUMPMOBIL

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MALLOCH HOUSE, 10-14 YOUNG STREET SYDNEY sent water race. The manager states that 20,000 cubic yards a month can be treated at a cost of 4d a cubic yard. Sluicing will be begun on this area about the end of July.

Owing to late delivery of material the installation of the elevating plant rn the Morobe property has been delayed, but it is expected that operations on a larger scale will be reached by the beginning of July. In the meantime sluicing operations are being continued on this area and on the Bulolo terraces.

Bulolo Gold Deposits returns show:

Bulolo Dredge Production

Production for the four dredges of the Bulolo Cold Dredging Ltd. for May: flncluding 100,000 cubic yards tailings.

Reduced output in April and May was due to changing the courses of two dredges, which required the digging of a large volume and talings and overburden.

Enterprise Of New Guinea

For period April 30 —May 22; — Surprise Creek: Monitor sluicing proceeded on part time only. Three faces now in operation.

For month ended April 20, 670 z. Idwt. of unrefined retorted gold recovered from all sources.

Sluiced 6,700 cubic yards. Edie Creek: Comtruction of pilot plant advanced another stage towards completion. No. 1 W. drive main lode, advanced in ore to 591 ft. from portal. Samples taken as drive proceeded gave assays (from 530 ft. to sSoft) ranging from 3dwt. to lOdwt. 9.6 gold and loz. sdwt. 96 grns. to 7oz. lOdwt. silver. Width of samples ranged from 21 to 54 inches. Drainage adit to 420 ft. from portal.

Production of unrefined retorted alluvial gold for May was 560 z. 13dwt. from 1667 cubic yards wash dirt and 2738 cubic yards overburden.

Sunshine Production

The general manager reports under date May 16. during daylight hours the sinker and No. 2 elevator were in operation. During night hours sluicing and elevating were confined to extending the paddock in a southerly direction. The Watut River wing (for the diversion of the river) was further extended during this period.

Sandy Creek Production

New Guinea Goldfields

Alluvial:

Upper Watut Gold

Published May 16:-—No. 1 pontoon, 13,477 yards for 1230 z. Week ended May 8, No. 2 pontoon worked 130 hours. Elevator worked continuously.

Published May 28A clean up of No. 2 pontoon returned 130 oz. gold from 17,137 cubic yards.

Published June 9. —A clean up of the elevator workings gave 51oz. from 10,462 cubic yards.

Oil Search, New Guinea

It was reported on May 28: Aerodrome prepared near drilling site at Mandated Territory, providing air communication to port at Wewak.

Road surveys for access to structure to be drilled progressing satisfactorily. Recent advices from field suggest an early determination as to best route obtainable.

(Continued Overleaf)

69 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Mar. Apr. May Ore treated, tons ., 1,800 2,066 1,900 Bullion, oz. 2,747 2,085 2.433 Gold, fine oz 540 473 570 Silver, fine oz 2,114 .1,529 1,768 Estimated value: (gold at £8 an oz.) £4,430 £3,869 £4,662 Value a ton of ore 49/3 37/5 49/1 FIJI Mid-Jan.

Mid-Apr.

Mid-June Emperor Mines . b!9/bl8/7i bl6/3 Granite Dev ..... b6d b8d s9d Koroere ...... s4/6 b4/3 s3/9 Loloma .... b23/3 b23 /bl9/- Mineral Dev bl/9 b2/G bl/1 Mt. Kasi ..... b6/6 b6/3 b6/6 • Mt. Morgan Dev. _ sl/3 s9d b7d Tavua Dev .... b8id. b6d s6d Vatu Kasia b2/6 s4/s3/9 Yees United s.3d bld bid

New Guinea

Mid-Jan.

Mid-Apr.

Mid-June Bulolo Deposits . bl/5 bl/4 bl/2 Bulolo G.D s£8 s£7/5/b£5/10- Enterprise of N.G. and Petroleum ... b£2/10b£4 s£4/12/6 Guinea Gold ... si 6/2 bl5/ll sl3/7 Irowat s51d bljd sld Morobe All sl/6 sl/- .— N.G.G. Ltd ..... b4/10 b2/10 b2/5 New Morobe s£l — •— Oil Search b3/4 b7/ll b7/9 Placer Dev b£4/19/3 s£5 b£4/l/- Sandy Ck bl/3 bl/6 bl/8 Sunshine Gold ... ... bl5/bl4/l bl2/- Upper Watut .„ bl/9 blld b8d PAPUA Mid-Jan.

Mid-Apr.

Mid-June Cuthbert’s Misima G.M. . .._ b24/4i b25/3 b22/9 G.M. of Papua . blO/5 bl4/3 bl2/3 Mandated All. ... ... bll/b3/b2/3 Misima United . — sl5/- — Oriomo Exp .._ b5/3 b4/b3/9 Sapphire Ck — b30/- Yodda Gold Co. ... ... b2d b2d b2d WINCHES

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Lakekamu Goldfields

THE whole of the saleable plant of Lakekamu * Goldfields (Papua) Development, N.L. (in voluntary liquidation) has been realised on, and the amount available for distribution to shareholders is equal to 3/4 per share on the 3000 issued shares of £5 each. The loss entailed by the realisation was £1235. Expenditure for the period ended April 30, including liquidation expenses £l4O, was £478, and this, with previous losses of £11,878 and £9OB preliminary expenses written off, raises the total loss to £14,500. Cash for distribution is £5OO.

Cuthbert’S Misima Output

Although Cuthbert’s Misima Gold Mine Ltd., Papua, treated a decreased tonnage of ore in May, compared with that for April, there was an appreciable improvement in the production of gold. The value a ton of ore rose by 11/8, to 49/1. Production figures: Cuthbert’s Misima Gold Mine Ltd., is installing a second 10-head stamper battery, and the enlarging plant designed to treat at the rate of 40,000 tons per annum is now expected to be completed at the end of the month.

The new 180 h.p. Ruston and Hornsby crude oil engine on a trial run worked most satisfactorily. The vibrating screen also proved satisfactory.

Stronger wire screens have now reached the mine to give greater efficiency in this unit.

DOMINION GOLD LTD.

Dominion Gold Ltd. reports that Messrs. T. R.

Victor and F. M. Murdoch having completed their examination of the mine at Laloki, Port Moresby, over which the company has an option, have reported that they accept the statement of the previous owner, the New Guinea Copper Co., that 450-000 tons ore had been developed, assaying 4.5 per cent to 5 per cent copper and 2dwt. gold, of which about 50,000 to 70,000 tons had been smelted. The methods and cost of reopening the mine are being considered.

SAMARAI Published on May 29Road to G.L, 5 made, and all plant dismantled; at G.L. 5 a pit 35ft. x 25ft x sft excavated for barge, and ramp made for unloading of plant. Two trucks are at work shifting the plant, and much already transported to new site; plant) will be installed, and sluicing commenced by end of June.

Sapphire Creek

It is reported (May 22) that the staff and mining leases of Papua Development Syndicate N.L., Sapphire Creek, Astrolabe Mining Field have been paid off and the company, it is understood, intend no further operations on the field.

Quotations for Islands Gold Shares

Catholic Missions

Unique Congress Planned for 1938 THE 150th Anniversary Celebrations period in New South Wales in 1938 has been chosen by the Roman Catholic Church authorities as an appropriate occasion to focus nation-wide attention on the work of the Australian and foreign missions.

The Regional Missionary and Eucharistic Congress, to be held at Newcastle on February 16-20, 1938, will be the gathering place of all the religious Orders who are spreading Christianity among the native races of Australia, New Guinea, China, Japan, the Philippines, and all the island groups of Oceania. It is proposed to make the Congress, as a spectacle, the outstanding event in the State’s Anniversary Celebrations. Dr. Gleeson, C.S.S.R. (Bishop of Maitland), in whose diocese the Congress will be held, has appointed 200 prominent clergy and laymen on various committees to organise the Congress.

Rev. F. Riley, M.A., will leave for Western Samoa by the Monterey on June 25, to do relief work for Rev. W . E.

Moren, who has been in ill-health for some time and is now on eight months’ furlough. Mr. Riley was in Samoa in August, 1914, as chaplain of H.M.A.S.

Australia.

Mr. K. W. Neill, of Adelaide, South Australia, left Sydney early in June for Lae, where he will carry out the usual audit for Guinea Airways Ltd. 70 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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W| UAB kiPf * McMAHON’S PI. • L. nULMES Ot WO. Sydney, n.s.w. plaints against the Administrator, who was being left alone by the Government to carry out his difficult work.

Women And Children Leave

THE Administration agreed to pay the cost of the passages of women and ch Idren sent away from Rabaul.

As a result 75 women and children and two invalids sailed from Kokopo by the Montoro on June 9. (See section “Pacific Travellers” for names).

Others were to leave for Australia by the Tanda on June 15 and Neptuna on June 22.

Absent Executives

BY a coincidence, both the Administrator and his deputy (Judge Wanliss) were away when the disaster struck the town.

The Administrator was over in Wau, on the Morobe goldfield. On Sunday, Mr.

Harry Balfour, radio operator for Guinea A’rways at Lae, chanced to hear the news in a broadcast from Australia. Mr.

Chater, general manager for G.A., at once sent the new r s to the Administrator at Wau. The Administrator, that day, flew down to Lae; and, next day, in a three* engined Ford plane, in charge of Messrs.

Turner and Isler (two of Guinea Airways best men) he flew 500 miles along the south coast of New Britain to the new aerodrome near Rabaul. The plane carried enough petrol for the return trip had a landing been impossible.

Judge Wanliss has been in poor health and he has been, at nights, an inmate of the European hospital. On Saturday, May 29, accompanied by one of the nurses, he was allowed to motor to Kokopo; and on Saturday evening, when Vulcan erupted alongside the Kokopo road he could not get back to Rabaul.

On Sunday, he made a most determined effort to get back by using an old track round the back somewhere near Keravat to the north coast road, at Tovakundum plantation. Here, however, he found that the road had been cut to pieces by torrents, and he could motor no further. He then took passage on a Japanese trading schooner Asakaze , but that vessel ran aground near Natava. The judge eventually got back to Kokopo, on the schooner, via Nordup, after the evacuation had been carried out by Judge Phillips.

Damage To Plantations

damage has been done to the country northwards and westwards of Rabaul—not half the tale has yet been told. Two things smote the countryside simultaneously a heavy, suffocating shower of ashes and pumice, and a cloudburst (the result of condensed steam from the volcanoes) which literally swept away wide areas of plantations. Tens of thousands of trees will have to be replaced.

There are few details, yet, of damage on individual plantations.

It is reported that Mr. George Washington’s Kaibara plantation has been practically wiped out. He was about to retire.

Natava (Mr. J. C. Mullaly) escaped lightly. A small part of Tovakundum (Mr. Heron) was damaged.

Mr. George Murray, Director of Agriculture, told the newspapers that many of the blackened coconut palms will recover, but they will take two years to bear again. “On the other hand," he added, “many thousands must be ruined.

But it is the effect of the pumice on the soil which worries me. I am having samples of this pumice sent to the Waite Institute in Adelaide for analysis, and I shall watch anxiously for the result.”

Walked On Floating Pumice

jyfANY stories of individual acts of bravery are being recounted. An outstanding example of heroism was that of Mr. Frank Venning, formerly one of the best-known swimmers in Queensland.

Venning was a member of a party which left Rabaul after the eruption. Torrential rains fell, causing the formation of new rivers.

As the party was crossing one of these streams near its mouth a Mrs. Ellis was washed away. Venning swam after her, and after a long struggle he brought her ashore. He swam across a second river with a rope, by which other members of the party followed.

Rather than attempt to cross another river, the party made for the sea and passed the mouth of the river by walking on floating pumice for about 50 yards.

The pumice was so thick that it easily bore their weight. £30,000 IN TRANSIT \ SUM of £30,000 in specie, etc., was hurriedly removed from the banks in Rabaul to Kokopo on Sunday night. In the transfer, says one report, the wealth was nearly lost in the sea.

It was packed into dinghies at Nordup beach while the craters were erupting, and in the silver moonlight of a tropical night was rowed by kanakas to a schooner standing half a mile off the shore. A strong surf was running, and on several occasions the dinghies were nearly upset.

Fatalities Among Natives

r T , HERE have been fatalities among the * natives, but most contradictory reports have been received concerning the numbers. Catholic missionaries, about 71

Details Of The Rabaul Eruptions

(Continued From Page 14)

Pacific Islands */l on+h I y , June 23, 1937

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Wau —N. Guinea

June 5, estimated that 261 natives had been killed by the smothering showers of pumice and ash from Vulcan, which fell upon the villages of Tavui and Walaur on the coast nearby.

The Administrator, on the other hand, declared that the natives were only missing, and probably would be found to have escaped to other tribes. On June 12, he estimated the dead at 18.

Mr. T. V. Wallace, it is reported, climbed over the pumice-covered area of Keravia, adjacent to Vulcan, to find that nine European houses, including his own, had completely disappeared. Two hundred feet of ashes cover most of the area.

The native villages of Tavaua, Vunamame, Valaur, and Rapollo have also disappeared. Keravia is mostly covered, and Upper Rapollo smashed.

Loss Of Life

TWO Europeans lost their lives. * The disappearance of Mr. Costner (a ship’s radio officer) is referred to elsewhere.

Mr. W W. Elworthy, 28, engineer, at the light and power station, left Rabaul in his car about 3 p.m, on Saturday, to take close-up photographs of Malupi crater and did not return. Although Matupi’s biggest explosion did not occur until Sunday, it became exceedingly active soon after 4 p.m. on Saturday, and there is little doubt that Mr. Elworthy was overwhelmed and killed. He was very popular in Rabaul. His parents live in Sydney. He had resigned, and would have returned to Australia within a few weeks.

Dairyman’S Loss

jVfR. H. R. Reed, the only dairyman in Rabaul, has lost everything, but says he is going to start all over again.

His farm was at Valaur, the nearest point on the land to Vulcan Island. His 18 imported Holsteins and Jerseys are all dead. Some of their carcasses have been seen floating in the harbour. His house has been completely buried, and there is no trace of it. Mr. Reed estimates his loss at £l4OO. He intends to begin operations afresh at some different part of Rabaul.

Narrow Escapes

OFFICERS from the Durour, lying on the slip opposite Vulcan Island, were interested to see the island rising slowly on Saturday, May 29, and went in a boat to investigate. They got away just in time—and, as they landed and ran, they were pelted with cinders and pumice.

They lost all their personal possessions on the Durour.

Similar curiosity almost cost two leading officials their lives. Mr. E. W. P.

Chinnery, Director of Native Affairs, his wife, and Mr. G. H. Murray, Director of Agriculture, borrowed a motor boat belonging to the Durour and went to inspect the new reefs. Suddenly the north end of Vulcan Island rose out of sea and shut off their return to the Durour. They turned to go back to Rabaul, but 100 yards away an eruption took place. They were in an awkward predicament, so they ran the boat aground, hastily scrambled out, and rushing to the slipway, found that their car had gone. They took possession of another one, and luckily got out of a dangerous situation. After driving his wife into Kokopo, Mr. Chinnery returned to Rabaul, and assisted in evacuation work until Sunday. He received severe head injuries when a car in which he was a passenger crashed into a falling palm tree. He was taken to the Vunapope Mission Hospital.

Help Given By Ships

SEVERAL ships assisted the distressed people of Rabaul.

The American freighter Golden Bear was in Rabaul on May 29, and willingly gave most valuable help. The 8.. P. liner Montoro arrived on May 30, and assisted in the evacuation. The inter-island steamer Island Trader arrived at Kokopo on June 3, with a much-needed supply of fresh water. H.M.A.S. Moresby, Australian survey ship, was rushed from the Gulf of Carpentaria to Rabaul, where she arrived on June 5; she surveyed the harbour, pronounced it safe, and left/ on June 12. The inter-island steamer Maiwarra arrived off Kokopo on June 5 with stores and fresh water. The liner Malaita, specially diverted from the Solomon Is. run as a relief ship, arrived off Kokopo on June 6, from Brisbane direct, with food and equipment supplied by the Australian Government.

Offers Of Help

OFFERS of help were received by the Administrator from all directions.

Sir Walter Carpenter offered his firm’s hotels at Salamaua, Wau and Madang, for the use of refugees. Guinea Airways Ltd. offered to place aeroplanes unreser- 72 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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vedly at the disposal of the officials and, if necessary, to send a big freight-carrier from Lae to Kokopo with three tons of foodstuffs. The Bishop of Melanesia offered to send the Mission ship Southern Cross. Radiograms poured in from Australia. Fortunately, these special relief measures were not needed.

Ravuvu Wrecked And Pillaged

INURING the first week of the evacuation, officials ridiculed the report that there had been pillaging and looting of empty houses by natives. Later information shows that losses from this cause have been fairly widespread and severe.

Natives have helped themselves, and then apparently escaped into the bush.

One of the worst sufferers was Mrs.

H. R. Garton, 73 years of age. Before the eruptions she conducted a popular tearoom and a private swimming bath at Ravuvu, three miles from Rabaul, on the edge of the harbour. She returned to find her place a wreck.

It was evident that a tidal wave had gone right through the house, and that both the house and the beautiful garden had been smothered in ashes; but, what was even worse, the interior had been thoroughly and systematically pillaged by natives.

Archdeacon H. Mayo Harris, the Anglican vicar of Suva, has left for England at the request of the Polynesian Synod to obtain support for an endowment fund of £lO,OOO, an appeal for which was recently launched by the revised Polynesian Association in Britain.

Newspaper Race

’"PHE race between the Sydney news- * papers to be first with photographs of the Rabaul eruptions was spectacular.

Sydney Daily Telegraph sent off a Gannet monoplane, carrying Captain Gatenby (pilot), Messrs. S. Marshall (co-pilot), Allen Dawes and B. J. Blenden (special correspondents), E. W. Scott (photographer, and B. Sullivan (Broadcasting Commission). The plane met very bad weather, but it got through to Port Moresby, Lae and Rabaul eventually, five days after the eruption. The Telegraph also sent its Port Moresby correspondent, Mr. Lewis Lett to Rabaul by H.M.A.S.

Moresby.

A Puss Moth plane (Pilot T. McDonald) left Brisbane with a Brisbane Telegraph correspondent on Monday, May 31, and flew via Thursday Island, Darn and Lae to Rabaul. It met very bad weather both ways, and was reported missing two or three times. Pilot and passenger spent one night in a Fly River village (Western Papua) and another on a beach somewhere on the south coast of New Britain.

The plane got through, but it was much too small for this type of job, Sydney Morning Herald decided, to rely on Guinea Airways. By freely using the radio service, the Herald got a complete range of photographs away with Pilot Jack Turner, in the 3-engined Ford plane which returned to Lae after taking the Administrator from Lae to Rabaul.

Mr. Turner, now under Herald charter. brought the precious photos, to Lae, and thence flew straight south, via Port Moresby, to Townsville. He arrived there at 1,45 p.m. on Saturday, June 5. Within ten minutes Captain P. G. Taylor, also under special charter, who had been waiting there, also had taken the packet and was en route for Sydney. He landed by flares at Brisbane at 7.45 p.m.

Meanwhile, the Telegraph Gannet, with special photographs, was racing back. It left Rabaul at 4 a.m. on Saturday and reached Cairns at dusk, being then 1,000 miles behind Taylor.

Both machines should have reached Sydney on Sunday, but a fierce cyclone developed. Taylor, leaving Brisbane early, got through by superb airmanship.

Gatenby got to Brisbane about 1 p.m., as the cyclone reached its maximum; and. although he tried again and again, he could not get further south that day.

Thus, the S.M. Herald was the first to publish the remarkable photos, of the eruptions.

VESSEL FOR N.G. GOVT.

A STAUNCH 70ft. twin-screw motor vessel, which has been built to the order of the New Guinea Administration by Lars Halvorsen and Sons Pty. Ltd., was successfully launched on June 8 at Neutral Bay, Sydney. The craft will be used to carry officers of the Administration to various parts of the territory. It is expected that the vessel will be completed and ready for despatch to Rabaul about the middle of July. 73 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, I$ 3 7

Coronation Stamps

Little Intrinsic Value Exchange for Souvenirs Thousands of readers of this Journal doubtless possess Coronation Stamps and First Day Covers which they are holding as souvenirs in the belief that they are of some intrinsic value. Actually, where millions of stamps are issued in this manner the value, except as mementoes of a historic occasion is nil, unless in bulk to dealers, who find them a medium of exchange for other stair-ps with dealers abroad. It usually happens, after the first flush of enthusiasm has evaporated, that stamps and coverr, find their way gradually into the waste-paper basket.

By acting immediately, however, holders of sue'i can turn them to profit by forwarding them to one or other of the recognised stamp dealers.

Perhaps the best medium for this exchange is the philatelic Investment Society of Sydney, which organisation has definite outlets overseas for stamps in bulk. The Society undertakes to forward, in return for each first day Coronation stamp or cover posted in, a Coronation souvenir of double the value forwarded. If desired, a list of these souvenirs will be forwarde I on application to the Society, whose address is 18 Loftus St., Sydney.

The main point is, however, promptness in sending them in, if the stamps and covers are to be of any value at all.—Advt.

DEWAR'S with lemon and soda —off the ice, or with plain ice-water . . .

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Guinea Airways To

EXTEND Entry Upon Australian Air Routes 'T'HE directors of Guinea Airways Ltd. 1 announced On May 31 that it was intended to issue 80,000 7 per cent CUlUUlative participating preference shares of . ~ „ rr,, ... , m the company. The money Will be used principally to buy high-powered multi-engined aircraft and to establish adequate ground organisations in selected districts in Australia.

The directors propose to extend the P resent Darwin to Adelaide service direct to Melbourne. It is expected that the distance Of more than 2,000 miles Will „ „ bp rovprPf t reeularlv in one, dav In boon COVerea regularly ill onei tidy, in addition, a direct service between Adelaide and Sydney is expected to be estabqnmi and othpr rnntps -irp bpimr il&tiecl soon > anti ottiei rOUteS dre being Considered. It is also Stated that the Darwin to Adelaide service will be duplicated nc . Qnnn warrants it ES 80011 aS tr 3 ™ o warrants it.

The whole Of the ISSU6 of new shares has been underwritten.

Japanese Air-Mail Service Tokio To Carolines and Pelews A N announcement, early in June, that Japan proposed to inaugurate, in October, a monthly air-mail service connecting Tokio with the Pelew Islands, set the whole pack of Australian newspaper kite-fliers speculating in their usual silly fashion.

Within a few days, they had exaggerated it into a plan by which Japan was to run an air-mail service to Australia, via Pelew and Darwin. *They worked themselves into a mild frenzy on the question of whether Australia would admit the Japanese aircraft.

What actually is to happen is that Japan, after long consideration, has decided to put in an air-mail link between Tokio and the Japanese Mandated Islands. The ’planes will run southwards, via the Bonins, the Marianas and the Central Carolines (where Saipan is the chief administrative centre); then, presumably, they will turn westwards through the Western Carolines (where Yap is situated), and thence will fly on to the Pelew group, further west, where, at the port of Korror, are the headquarters of the South Seas Bureau, which governs the whole of this Mandated Territory.

Returning to Saipan, the ’planes could fly eastwards to Truk, and on to the port of Ponape, and the Marshall Islands, of which the chief town is Jaluit.

Saipan is near the American island of Guam, which is a station on Pan- American Airways North Pacific service (’Frisco to Hongkong). If there is to be any Japanese connection between the Japanese Islands air-mail service and Australia, it almost certainly will be made between Saipan and New Guinea, and thence to North Queensland.

Copra - Producers And

Income Tax

ANEW provision in the Commonwealth Income Tax Assessment Act (No. 27, 1936—Section 23q.) gives substantial relief to persons who live in Australia, and who own properties in Pacific territories “where the taxpayer is liable to pay royalties or export duty in respect of goods from the sale of which the income is derived.”

In the past, copra-producers in New Guinea, for example, received the current rate from exporters, less the amount of the export tax; but, owing to the wording of the Act, it happened that it was the exporter and not the producer who was regarded as the payer of the export tax, and who got the benefit of exemption from Australian income tax. The producer, if a resident of Australia, was taxed, and the exporter escaped. Under the new Act, the producer is exempt; and the exporter, presumably, is not.

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Trans-Tasman Air-Mail

Agreement To Start Service ABOUT the only definite thing which affects the Pacific, which has come out of the Imperial Conference, is an agreement between Britain, Australia and New Zealand to start the air-mail service between Australia and New Zealand “as soon as the thrice-a-week air-mail service, with flying-boats, commences between Britain and Australia.”

This may be some time, fairly early, in 1938.

It is understood that Imperial Airways will conduct the service with “Short Empire” flying-boats.

The service will be controlled by a Board, on which each government will have three members.

Power For Future Ships

Popularity of Diesel A RECENT announcement, by a Pacific shipowner, that he is returning to steam, in a new ship under construction, owing to unsatisfactory service from internal combustion engines, has been sharply challenged by engineers. They say that there may be difficulties in getting marine motor-engineers; but that the reliability of motor-engines has been proved and reproved.

Lloyds Register shows that on March 31, 1937, there were 372 Diesel-powered ships in course of construction, compared with about 300 steam-driven vessels.

These figures show how the Diesel engine is coming into favour.

Pitcairners On Norfolk

A T the re-enactment of the landing at Norfolk Island of the Pitcairn islanders on June 16, on the 81st anniversary of their arrival the two surviving Pitcairn islanders, Parkin Christian (87) and Selina Buffett (83) disembarked from a boat at a decorated landing place and led a procession of islanders in naval uniforms and children carrying flags. Festivities then took place.

Developments On Morobe

GOLDFIELD From a Special Correspondent WAU, June 1.

MR. M. Leahy was in Wau recently, having left his brother Dan at Mt.

Hagen. He tells me that he has over 200 of the local natives working for him out there. Aerial freight to Hagen is now 1/per lb.; formerly, it was 2/3.

Mr. W. Royal has sold his tribute on the Koranga, near Wau, and has gone to the new Wewak field to work with his old mate, Dick Glasson. I hear that the Ramu-Purari contingent are leaving Wewak and returning to their old stamping ground.

On the Watut there is little change.

The Government is going to establish a post on the Tauri river, and Patrol-Officer Murray Edwards has left on patrol out there. The native population is very numerous —and they are “fighting fools.”

Solar Eclipse In Central

PACIFIC A TOTAL solar eclipse was witnessed on June 8 in the Central Pacific. It occurred in the early morning and the period of totality was three minutes.

The eclipse was observed by two scientific expeditions, one from the United States and one from New Zealand, on Canton Island, in the Phoenix Group.

They obtained prefect pictures of the phenomenon; and, incidentally, the friendliest relations developed between the representatives of the two nations.

The New Zealand party travelled on the naval sloop Wellington, and the Americans on the ship Avocct.

Death Of Aged Afghan

PORT MORESBY, June 14 A FTER 55 years in Papua, Abdul Rahman, an Afghan, said to be over 100 years old, has died. He started trading in a small Chinese junk in 1882, and made a small fortune. In later years, however, he became impoverished. 75 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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The Luck Op A Runaway

SAILOR APIA, May 20.

A YOUNG English sailor, Williams, from the crew of the Swedish steamer Anten, tempted by tropical life and, perhaps, by the dusky beauties of Samoa, decided to desert his ship. He was living at a Samoan village on the coast when he saw some Samoan policemen approaching evidently looking for him.

Williams, trying to hide, climbed a tree near the village, but fell and broke his leg. He will spend some time in hospital here and then will be deported.

Old Families United In Samoan

WEDDING APIA, May 26. , y[/’EDDING festivities in true Samoan style marked the marriage on May 20 of Mr. George Churchward, junior, and Miss Maria Alma Stowers, both of whom are members of old-established Samoan families. Over 450 leading residents of Upolu attended the wedding dance in the Tivoli Theatre, Apia.

Mr. C. W. Tucker, a member of the Fijian Constabulary, who is spending his leave in Sydney, will return in August.

Tortured Samoan Girl

Attempts Suicide

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, May 20.

A T Satapuala, on the coast west of Apia, a young Samoan girl went to work on her family’s inland plantation, taking a knife with her to cut banana leaves.

The girl climbed a coconut tree to obtain drinking coconuts and she fell, and hurt her leg badly. Tortured by pain, she took her kife and attempted to cut her throat, completely severing her windpipe.

Many hours later her family, alarmed by her long absence, found her lying in a pool of blood, but still alive. She was taken to Apia hospital, where she now is under medical treatment, and expected to live.

N.G. Mining Co. Winds Up

A petition has been granted for the winding-up of Upper Watut Gold Alluvials, which has carried on mining operations in New Guinea. The petition stated that the company was indebted to its creditors for £66,043. Its assets, apart from its gold mining leases, were estimated at £20,000.

Upper Watut Gold Alluvials N.L., was formed in Melbourne in February, 1935, to acquire, from Mt. Lawson Prospecting and Options Syndicate, options over Leahy’s, Wales’s and Mainko leases.

The issued capital was £200,000, in 5/- shares — of which £50,000 represented a fully-paid issue to the vendor syndicate. A lot of money was spent in preparing for large-scale sluicing, and the installation of a hydro-electric scheme. The first directors were D. J. McClelland, F. T.

Leahy and C. Mackay. The 5/- shares were quoted in March at 1/6 and in May at 9d.

The petition of the directors for a wind-up came as a complete surprise. The action was taken because of writs issued by the chief creditors.

Since sluicing was commenced last August, 1385 ounces of gold of gold were won from 149,000 cubic yards. The yield since August averaged 1/3 a yard.

Chief amounts owing are: —Messrs. E. J.

Morgan and Colin Mackay, £47,523 ; Guinea Airways, £10,236 ; Burns, Philp, £2,929; Judd and J. Leahy, £1,603 ; Siemens, £1,301 ; directors’ fees, £916.

On construction of a water-race, £29,000 was spent; £15,000 on a tunnel; £25,000 on a power house; £15,000 on gravel pumps; £7,500 on pontoons; £B,OOO on a flume; £6,500 on a diversion dam; £5,600 on residential buildings: £1,300 on an aerodrome; £2,000 on roads and bridges; and more than £4,000 on a surge tank and syphon.

To Market Timber From

New Guinea

PACIFIC Timbers Pty. Ltd. has been registered “to carry into effect an agreement made between New Guinea Timber Co. Ltd., of the one part, and William George Nosworthy and Alfred Roy Le Messurier, of the other part, John Joseph Johnson, of the first part, Flora Doris Gilmour, of the second part, and the said William George Nosworthy and Alfred Roy Le Messurier.” Capital, £50,000 in £1 shares.

Names subscribed to memorandum: Alfred William Harold Akehurst, 1 share; Reginald Mervyn Friend, 1 share. The company proposes to fell, log and mill timber in New Guinea and transport it. It is associated with Timber Transport and Storage Co. Pty. Ltd., of South Melbourne.

Mr. W. M. Dupain, manager for Messrs Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., Port Moresby, Papua, for 11 years, moved on to take charge of the Cairns branch on June 11.

Many laudatory things were said of him at a farewell dinner at the Papua Club, 76 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, |P37

F. M. Marine Diesel Engines

Write for details to .. . 60 H.P. MODEL 36 WITH REDUCTION GEAR

Fairbanks-Morse Co. (Aust.) Ltd

BOX 2672 EE, 5.P.0., SYDNEY Tribute To Norfolk Is.

Administrator THE following are the terms of the petition, signed by 260 residents of Norfolk Island, wherein the Australian Minister for Territories, Sir George Pearce, was asked to reappoint Captain C. R. Finney to the post of Administrator: “The Petition of the undersigned adult residents of Norfolk Island, humbly sheweth: “That we would appreciate the extension of the term of Captain Finney’s Administration for a further period of at least two years.

“That, owing to the wise use of the labour provided through the system of Public Works, and its distribution throughout the year, our roads are now in a vastly improved condition, and plans ahead provide for reduction of grade, and reasonable access to many places now almost inaccessible.

“That afforestation schemes for the beautification and industrial needs of the Island are under way, Australian hardwoods are being introduced, as well as indigenous timbers conserved, and as these trees grow beyond stock damage, blocks of land will or can be released * as grazing areas.

“That roadways and reserves are being kept clear of injurious and noxious weeds and plants and thus being made more useful and beautiful.

“That new industries are being introduced to make the Island more prosperous and self-supporting.

“That the Administrator has the welfare of the people at heart, that his rule is kindly and sympathetic, and that we believe the extension of his term will be for the benefit of the people and the progress and prosperity of the people generally.’’

In a covering letter, it was emphasised that the majority of the signatures were made by Islanders, as distinguished from the Mainlanders, and it was pointed out that they are the principal persons to be considered, as their homes and interests will always be on the island, while the majority of the Mainlanders are at best a floating population.

Rabaul Notes

From Our Own Correspondent i RABAUL, May 20.

IVTO better occasion could have been chosen by the new manager and lessee of the Rabaul Hotel (Mrs. C, R. Bignell) than the Tuesday before Coronation Day to open her new hostelry with a grand ball. The whole of Rabaul was invited, and a great portion of the residents responded with pleasure.

Special music was provided, and the large lounge presented a gay and most charming appearance, with its flags and bunting.

Mrs. Bignell has made many improvements in the hotel, and she has struck a popular note in catering for sporting bodies by supplying savouries and sandwiches with their drinks after the tiring games are over.

It is with regret that we record the death of Charles Samuel Kyle who for many years was attached to the Administration service in a clerical capacity. He was an original member of the 15th Battallion A.I.F. and, after being discharged, 'served for some time in the Queensland Public Service.

The wedding took place at St. George’s Church, recently of Miss Marjorie Hawnt and Mr. Harold Ross. The bride was attended by Miss Sheila Boyle and Miss June Ewen, while Mr. W. Phillpotts acted as best man and Mr, Edmund Hawnt (brother of the bride) as groomsman.

Over 100 guests attended the wedding reception at the home of the bride’s mother.

Mrs. Ross is a sister of Mrs. Dickson, who lived at Wan for some years and is now residing near Singapore. 77 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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Konkrete Paint Is

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A Pioneer Passes

Rudolph Wolff Goes To His Rest From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, May 20. of New Guinea’s oldest residents passed away on May 2 in the person of Rudolph Wolff. He came to the country itn 1892, and was employed for a time by the New Guinea Co., and later took up the land on which now stands the valuable plantation of Varzin, near Toma, in the Kokopo district. In 1902 he had a harrowing experience—his wife and child were murdered by the natives.

Mr. Wolff was born in 1867 in Stettin, Germany, and he leaves a son and daughter-in-law.

The funeral service was conducted by Rev. Father Madigan, and at the graveside there were representatives of every section of the community, including the Administrator, and heads of departments.

The pall-bearers were officers of the N.D.L. steamer Friderun.

N.G. Sold Royalty

From a Special Correspondent WAU, June 1.

T READ, the other day, a statement by the Administrator, that our gold royalty—five per cent on gross production —was low. There seems to have been no protest from our mining representative oir the council. Are protests gagged there too?

To most of the independent miners, the royalty is a definite hardship. If it were the only form of taxation, few would begrudge it, though it has to be paid whether we make a profit or a loss; but the mining industry is burdened with fees on an exorbitant scale. It is the milch cow for the Territory, and it gets scant consideration.

June “B.P. Magazine”

THE June number of “The B.P. Magazine”

I maintains the usual high standard, and the contents are well chosen and presented in a novel and arresting manner. There are stories and articles grave and gay, beautiful pictures, and news of music, art, and cinema.

The issue possesses an appropriately English flavour, beginning with portrait studies of King George VI. and Queen Elizabeth, and continuing through many pages of lovely English landscape, historic buildings, and other aspects of the Homeland with all its colourful tradition.

Will Ashton, R. 0.1., writes of the lure of the streets of France to the artist, and illustrates his articles with reproductions (in black and white) of his own pictures.

Island readers can find within the pages of the June “B.P. Magazine” a most entertaining and varied literary and pictorial fare. It is procurable from booksellers and newsagents at 1/- per copy.

Captain Keith A. Elliott, the youngest of the Torres Strait pilots, died recently in Brisbane. 78 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Average for Australia on week ended Noumea 31/5/’37 Francs to £ Australian 87.05 Average for week ended 7/6/’37 87.12 Average for week ended 14/6/’37 87.31 Buying:. Selling:.

Telegraphic transfer —— £125 0 0 On Demand ™ £123 0 0 124 17 6 30 days 122 15 0 124 15 0 60 days — — 122 10 0 124 12 6 90 days 122 5 0 124 10 0 120 days 122 0 0 124 7 6 , Buying, Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £110 15 0 £112 0 0 On demand £110 12 6 £111 J7 6 Francs to £ Australian Australia on Papeete Average for week ended 31/5/’37 86.70 Average for week ended 7/6/’37 86.77 Average for week ended 14/6/’37 86.96 Use - - Modern Direct Wireless Services for Your Communications

With Australia And Overseas

DIRECT WIRELESS SERVICES are available for inter-communication between the Islands of the Pacific and for traffic between the- Islands and Australia and overseas countries.

Services are now in operation between Papua and Sydney, New Guinea and Sydney, New Caledonia and Sydney, and Fiji and Sydney. Speedy, economical and efficient service to Australia and overseas. Route your traffic "Via the Wireless Service."

For overseas traffic to Great Britain.

North and South America, and all European countries, route your message via the Direct Australian

Beam Wireless Service

Lodge Your Messages At Any

Wireless Station Or Island Post

Office Routed "Via Wireless"

Amalgamated Wireless

(A'Sia) Limited

Islands Produce Coffee THE following quotations were obtained in Sydney during June: Robusta, f.a.q,, imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney:—Quote No. 1: 37/6 per cwt. ; quote No. 2: 27/3 per cwt.

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.:—No. 1 quotations: Grade “A”, 60/-; grade “B”, 58/-; grade “C”, 56/. No. 2 quotations: Grade “A”, 59/-; grade “B”, 55/-; grade “C”, 53/-; Triage, 52/-. No, 3 quotations: Grade “B”, 57/-; grade “C”. 51/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.: —No. 1 quotations: Grade “A”, 65/-; grade “B”, 61/-. No. 2 quotations: Season closed, last prices were: Grade “B”, 66/-; Triage. 60/-.

Arabian (Aden) Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney:—No. 1 quotation: 61/per cwt. No. 2 quotation: 59/3 per cwt.

Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges: Exchange, duty (4d. lb.), primage (10 per cent), landing costs (1/- per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on firm conversion of exchange, the c.i.f. official prices for kapok quoted in Sydney in mid- June were:— Average Java 7+d. per lb., and Japara, 7 7-16 d. per lb.

Cocoa Quote No. 1: Cocoa beans, £5O per ton.

Quote No. 2: Accra, good fermented, £37 per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton during the month were: May 28, 7.15 d lb., June shipment'; June 4, 7.15 d lb., July shipment; June 11, 6.87 d lb., July shipment.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 quotation: £l3/10/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

No. 2 quotation: £lO to £l3 per ton, f.0.b., Sydney, according to quality.

Green Snail Shell Green snail shell, good quality, was quoted by Sydney buyers in mid-June at £6O per ton.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. or 2001 b. bags, £l3/10/- per ton f.o.b. Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags. £l6/10/- per ton.

Trochus Shell Quotations for trochus shell from two different sources were: (a) Trochus shell, No. 1 grade £lo7+ Trochus shell, No. 2 grade £lO5 Trochus shell. No. 3 grade £92 (b) Trochus shell, No. 1 grade £lO6 Trochus shell, No. 2 grade £lO4 Trochus shell. No. 3 grade £92 All quotes are f.0.b., and on the Australian £.

Exchange Rates THE following exchange quotations, gathered in Sydney, show the rates existing in June: FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

And Bank Of New Zealand

Australia on Fiji on basis of £100 Fiji; Buying £Alll/2/6, selling £A113.

Fiji-London on basis £100 London;

Direct Telegraphic Transfer

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa—buying £AIOO, selling £AIOO/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £lOO in London:—

New Caledonia—Through

French Bank

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1J per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo Chine, Noumea: On June 19, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 87.50 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a draft in Noumea of 8,750 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent. ; on Rabaul 10/- per cent. —Other New Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London:—- Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent. ; Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same as Australia on London and vice versa. 79 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Copra South Sea, Plantation, Sun-Dried Hot-air Dried.

London to London Rabaul Price on — Per ton, c.i.f.

Per ton, c.i.f.

January 1, 1932 £14 0 0 £14 15 0 March 25 £14 17 6 £15 0 0 June 17 £13 2 6 £13 6 0 September 2 £13 17 6 £14 0 0 December 16 £14 2 6 £14 6 0 January 6, 1933 £13 0 0 £13 12 6 February 3 £12 5 0 £12 7 6 March 3 £11 7 6 £11 10 0 April 28 £10 10 0 £10 12 6 May 26 ...... £11 2 6 £11 5 0 June 30 £10 17 6 £11 0 0 July 21 £11 2 6 £11 5 0 August 4 ...— ...... £10 10 0 £10 12 6 September 29 ™ £9 7 6 £9 10 0 October 20 £8 15 0 £9 0 0 November 3 — £9 10 0 £9 15 0 December 1 „ £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 £8 0 0 £8 7 6 February 16 £7 17 6 £8 10 0 March 30 £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 27 — £7 7 6 £8 0 0 May 18 ..... ..... £7 15 0 £8 12 6 June 15 — — £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 „ ...... £7 17 6 £8 15 0 August 3 £8 0 0 £8 17 6 Feb. 5 £19 0 0 £19 0 0 £19 15 0 Feb. 12 £19 15 0 £19 15 0 £20 10 0 Feb. 19 £19 2 6 £19 5 0 £20 0 0 Feb. 26 _... £18 15 0 £19 0 0 £19 15 0 Mar, 5 ...... £19 0 0 £19 5 0 £20 0 0 Mar. 12 £19 7 6 £19 12 6 £20 12 6 Mar. 19 £19 12 6 £19 17 6 £20 17 6 Mar. 26 £19 5 0 £19 15 0 £20 15 0 Apr. 2 £19 0 0 £19 15 0 £20 15 0 Apr. 9 £18 5 0 £19 0 0 £20 0 ,0 Apr. 16 £17 0 0 £17 10 0 £18 10 0 Apr. 23 £17 0 0 £17 10 0 £18 10 0 Apr. 30 £16 0 0 £16 15 0 £17 15 0 May 7 £16 0 0 £16 12 6 £17 12 6 May 14 £15 0 0 £15 5 0 £16 5 0 May 21 £14 15 0 £15 12 6 £16 12 6 May 28 £15 12 6 £15 15 0 £16 15 0 June 4 £15 15 0 £15 12 6 £16 12 6 June 11 £15 7 6 £15 15 0 £16 15 0 June 18 £15 2 6 £15 7 6 £16 15 0 September 7 £7 12 6 £8 15 0 October 6 £8 0 0 £9 0 0 November 2 £7 15 0 £8 15 0 December 28 £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4 . 1935 £9 5 0 £10 5 0 February 1 I..- £11 12 6 £12 2 6 March 1 ...... £12 2 6 £12 15 0 April 5 . .... ...... ...... £10 15 0 £11 15 0 May 3 .... £11 17 6 £12 12 6 June 7 £11 15 0 £12 7 6 July 5 .... £9 12 0 £10 5 0 August 2 ...... £9 15 0 £10 15 0 September 6 • ...... ...... £9 17 6 £10 17 6 October 4 ...... £11 7 6 £12 7 6 November 1 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 December 6 — £12 17 6 £14 0 0 South Sea.

South Sea.

Plantation.

Smoked, to Genoa Sun-Dried Hot-air !

Dried, London and Mai ■seilles. to London.

Rabaul.

Price on— Per ton.c.i .f. Per ton, c. i.f.

Per ton.c.i .f.

Jan. 3.

'36 £13 2 6 £13 15 0 £15 0 0 Feb. 7 £13 0 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Mar. 6 £11 15 0 £12 15 0 £13 0 0 April 3 £12 7 6 £13 5 0 £13 17 G May 1 £11 10 0 £11 15 0 £12 10 0 June 5 £11 10 0 £12 0 0 £12 17 6 July 3 £12 0 0 £12 10 0 £13 10 0 Aug. 7 ...... £12 17 6 £13 7 6 £14 7 6 Sept. 4 £13 2 6 £13 10 0 £14 12 6 Oct. 2 £13 7 6 £13 10 0 £14 10 0 Oct. 9 £13 10 0 £13 12 6 £14 12 6 Oct. 16 £13 15 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Oct. 23 £14 7 6 £14 10 0 £15 7 6 Oct. 30 £14 15 0 £14 17 6 £15 15 0 Nov. 6 £15 10 0 £15 2 6 £16 6 0 Nor. 13 £16 0 0 £16 2 6 £16 15 0 Nov. 20 £17 15 0 £17 17 6 £18 15 0 Nov. 27 £18 15 0 £18 15 0 £19 15 f Dec. 4 £19 7 6 £19 7 6 £20 7 6 Dec. 11 £20 5 0 £20 5 0 £21 6 0 Dec. 18 £20 15 0 £20 15 0 £21 15 0 Dec. 24 £21 0 0 £21 0 0 £21 17 6 Dec. 31 £21 12 6 £21 12 6 £22 12 6 Jan. 8. ’ 37 £22 12 6 £22 12 6 £23 12 6 Jan. 15 £23 0 0 £23 6 0 £24 2 6 Jan. 22 £20 15 0 £21 0 0 £21 15 0 Jan. 29 £19 15 0 £19 15 0 -£20 10 0 **t , 5 n ii it i si ii s it at g|S23^3S3S<S^5f333gS2SSSSSiS5SsJlsl5Si5^5S:S«SSsSiaiiliS|gEss^siiasg«5 i 1 1 1 ! ! i I 1 | 1 i 1 I [ | | | ! i I | I i I 1-1 I I 1 1 t l I I | l 1 11 11 1 1 11 1 M l 11 1 i j J f ! 1 i" } i i 1 1 i 1 I 1 j"j J 1 i - |^||IIS5Sa^SsS5iSSSSss0iiSs5iaSiSSSSjisi^||ifSSSS5SSSSi<t^i^^^d^ -g " I M 1 ,1 !! 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 ! 1 1 1 i 1 i ! i M 1 1 1 M ! 1 1 1 1 ! ! M ! i 1 1 ! 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 in 1- 1 n.i i 1 1 | M i 1 i 1 l"1 ! ! ! 1 ! 1 i I i 1 i 1 M ! 1 1 1 1 1 ! i 1 1 i i 1 1 i 1 ! i ! ! i 1 ! i 1 11 1 i ! 1 S 1 ! ! |i 1 1 i 1 I 11 ! M I i 1 I ‘ ‘ ! | ! 1 ll-i I' 1 1 1 i i i 1 i i i I 1 1 1 i i 1 I 1 I 1 1 M 1 M ! M 1 1 ■! 1 ! 1 1 1 i U 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 M I' r l 1 i Jf| 1 f | M 1 J M:,! ', , r j § f i i 1 11 ( h ! i§ 1 11 11 1 i i, is 11 i 11 m f ! i| n n ! g ! i i ! Mh n i 1 ' i;', i j i s ; ; j'i i !§»•;= ! 1 1 Uis|;< 1 i 1• m'i mm a. .

Jl | l!-a 1“'""I till I s | |l |l i nil l|ll| i i L^r*""°^s3s' i::2 -Illlllllllillllllllllilillllltllliliilllltlllillllllillllllllllilllllllllll or Provide C

Future Financial

r simple and safe method to invest money for education of children, a tour abroad or, comfort in old age, is by means of interest bearing deposits with the Bank of New South Wales.

These deposits may be made at any time at any branch of the Bank. They bear interest from the date they are lodged and may be withdrawn when they fall due at full face value plus interest earned or they may be renewed for a further period.

Interest may be withdrawn every six months if so desired, or the amount due lodged as a further deposit.

Deposits of £5 and upwards are received by any branch of the Bank. a* U(/ a Y/J//C ESTABLISHED 1817 Market Quotations Range of Prices THE Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and we regularly publish the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press. 80 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

Subject to alteration without Notice M.V. Nentuna.

Sydney . - - July 14 Sept 22 Salamaua July 21 Sept 29 Rabaul - - - July 23 Oct 1 Cebu (Opt.) July 30 Oct 8 Manila : Aug* 2 Oct 11 Hong Kong Aug 4-9 Oct 13-18 Saigon - — Aug 15 Oct 24 Manila Aug 19 Oct 28 Sandakan . ■ Aug 22 Oct 31 Salamaua Aug 31 Nov 9 Rabaul Sept 2 Nov H Sydney • — Sept 10 Nov 19 Melbourne Sept 13-15 Nov 22-24 BURNS. PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

Japan - N. Guinea - Noumea - New Zealand Subject : to alteration without notice Kobe Brisbane Maru Sydney Maru July 18-20 July 21-22 July 31 Aug 5-6 Aug 9-10 Aug 12-13 Aug 14 Aug 15-16 Aug 17-18 Aug 20-21 Sept 5-6 Sept 7-8 Sept 10-11 Sept 15 Sept 17 Moji Rabaul July 12-13 Wellington Lyttelton July 15-16 July 17 Dunedin July 18-19 Wellington Auckland July 20-21 July 23-24 Cebu Aug 8 9 Manila Aug 10-11 Hong Kong Allg 13-14 Aug 18 ijuauguAi — Aug 20 Unho __ An? 21-25 Sept 18-22 LINE

Osaka Shosen Kaisha

Subject to alteration without notice.

M.V. Matua Auckland ..July 1 July 15 July 29 Cook Is. — July 19-22 Nukualofa __ .July 4-5 — Aug 1-2 Apia .July 6-7 — Aug 3-4 Suva .July 10 — Aug 7 Auckland .July 14 July 27 Aug 11 Saigon - Java - South Seas - N.Z. Service Subject to alteration without Van Rees Maetsuycker notice Van Rees Singapore Batavia Samarang Sourabaya Pt. Moresby Samarai Rabaul Vila —July 10 Aug 16-17 —July 12-14 Aug 19-21 —July 15 Aug 22 —July 16-17 Aug 23 —July 26-27 Aug 30-31 — — Sept 1 — — Sept 3 — Sept 7 Sept 11 Sept 13-15 Sept 16 Sept 17-18 Sept 27-28 Noumea Auckland Wellington Sydney Pt. Moresby Sourabaya Samarang Batavia — — Sept 8-11 —Aug 5-7 Sept 14-15 —Aug 9-10 Sept 17-18 —Aug 16-18 Sept 22-24 Aug 25 Sept 29 —Sept 3 Oct 6 —Sept 4 Oct 7 Sept 5-8 Oct 8-11 Oct 7-9 Oct 11-12 Oct 18-20 Oct 27 Nov 5 Nov 6 Nov 10 Singapore Saieon —Sept 10 Oct 13 Onf IK

Royal Packet Navigation

CO. LTD.

S.S. Fride*un Hong Kong July 25 Sept 18 Madang - - Aug 5 Sept 30 Salamaua Aug 7 Oct G Tulagi Aug 11-16 Oct 6-11 Rabaul Aug 19-28 Oct 14-23 Hong Kong Sept 12 Nov 6 GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, AGENTS Subject to alteration without notice.

Verdun Strasbourg D’Amiens Papeete July 17-18 Sept 1-2 Oct 10-11 Raiatea July 19 Sept 3 — Suva July 26 — Vila July 28 Sept 13 Oct 20 Noumea, arr. ...July 30 Sept 15 Oct 22 Noumea, dep. ...Aug 7 Sept 23 Oct 29 Vila —Aug 10 Sept 26 Nov 1 Raiatea —Aug 17 Oct 5 Nov 8 Papeete .....Aug 18-20 Oct 6-8 Nov 9-11

Messageries Mar1Times Co

.. Agents. s.s.

Morinda.

Sydney June 26 July 8 Aug 7 Lord Howe —June 28 July 10 Aug 9 Norfolk Is June 30 July 12 Aug 11 Vila — July 15-16 Bushman’s B. ... — July 17 Malo ] Tangoa V — July 17 Segond Hog Har. [ Aoba July 18 Vila * — July 19 — Norfolk Is July 1 July 22 Aug 12 Lord Howe July 3 July 24 Aug 14 Sydney July 5 July 27 Aug 16 BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

Sydney - N.Z. - Fiji - Hawaii Subject to alteration without notice.

Monowai Niagara Aoi-angi Honolulu . July 14 Aug 11 Sept 8 Suva ..July 23 Aug 20 Sept 17 Auckland July 26-27 Aug 23-24 Sept 20-21 Sydney July 31 Aug 28 Sept 25 Aorangi Sydney, dep Aug 5 Sept 2 Sept 30 Auckland Aug 9-10 Sept 6-7 Oct 4-5 Suva Aug 13 Sept 10 Oct 8 Honolulu Aug 20 Sept 17 Oct 15 UNION S.S. CO. , LTD., Agents.

M.V.

Maui Pomare Wellington ...July 13 Aug 10 Sept 7 Apia ...July 20-22 Aug 17-19 Sept 14-16 Niue ...July 24 Aug 21 Sept 18 Lyttelton _Aug 2 Aug 30 Sept 27 Wellington ...Aug 3 Aug 31 Sept 28 Subject to alteration without Pierre Loti notice.

Sydney July 15 Auk 6 Sept 2 Noumea —July 19-21 Auk 10-12 Sept 6-8 Lifou July 22 Auk 13 Sept 9 Vila July 23 Auk 14 Sept 10 Luganville July 24 Auk 15 Sept 11 Le Dart July 25 Auk 16-17 Sept 12-13 Bernier B July 26 — — Tortues B July 26 — — Norsup -July 27 — — Sarmettes July 27 — Vila July 28 Auk 18 Sept 14 Lifou - July 29 Auk 19 Sept 15 Noumea July 30-31 Auk 20-21 Sept 16-17 Sydney Auk 4 Auk 25 Sept 21 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO. .» Agents.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong New Guinea British Solomon Islands Service

Regular Sailings By

S.S. " FRIDERUN "

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world.

For further particulars apply to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO.. N.D.L. Agents, Rabaul, New Guinea.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney.

Shipping Services in the Pacific Sydney-N. Guinea-Hong Kong Gilbert and Ellice islands Service M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

Central Pacific Services The cargo steamer Limerick (8,724 tons) will depart from Sydney for Central Pacific ports about July 2 (approx, only). She will call at Suva and Lautoka (Fiji) and Papeete (Tahiti), and then continue on to North America. She will carry a limited number of passengers, in addition to mail and general cargo. The Waiotapu (6,035 tons) is scheduled to follow to Fiji and French Oceania early in August.

UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

Europe - Sydney - Suva - New Guinea Subject to alteration without notice.

M V. Rabaul London Aug 1 Salamaua Oct 19 Sydney Sept 25 Rabaul Oct 23 Suva Oct 7 London Dec 25 The M.V, Salamaua has gone into dock in Europe for repairs. She will re-enter the service in mid-September.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Hong Kong - New Guinea - Solomon Islands Subject to alteration without notice.

S.S. Friderun (cabin, third-class and deck passengers) runs from Hong Kong to New Guinea and Solomon Islands ports, connecting at Rabaul (N.G.) with S.S. Island Trader (formerly S.S.

Bremerhaven). In the Solomons she calls at Tulagi, Rere, Bina, Fulakora, and Nono.

Sydney - Noumea - Tahiti Mails and passengers from Sydney for Tahiti may connect with Messageries Maritimes liners at Noumea, per Pierre Loti (see Sydney-Noumea- New Hebrides service). The M.M. liners run between Marseilles and Noumea, via Panama Canal.

Sydney-Norfolk Island - New Hebrides N. Zealand - Samoa - Niue The New Zealand Government’s steamer Maui Pomare (1159 tons) is the only direct connection between the Dominion and the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa. The vessel, which carries mails, passengers, and cargo, is controlled by the Department of External Affairs at Wellington, where application should be made concerning freights, berths, etc.

Sydney - Noumea - New Hebrides New Hebrides Inter-Island Services S.S. Mirani (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), connects every six weeks at Vila with S.S.

Morinda from Sydney, then proceeds on southern trip, calling at the islands of Efate. Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum, and returns to Vila—trip occupying 7 or 8 days. After 2 or 3 days at Vila, departs on northern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Mai, Tongoa, Epi, Paama, Ambrym, Malekula, Aoba, Malo, Santo and returns to Vila, trip occupying 25 to 28 days. Vessel extends to Banks Group every second trip equivalent to about every six weeks.

Noumea Australia The small steamer Neo Hebridais (Societe Maritime et Miniere Hagen) has commenced a new monthly service between Noumea, New Caledonia, and Newcastle, N.S.W. The round trip occupies about 17 days. 81 Pacific Islands Monthly. June 23, 1937

Subject to alteration without notice.

Montoro Macdhui Montoro Sydney ...June 23 July 14 July 31 Brisbane ...June 25 July 16 Aug 2 Townsville .. June 28 Aug 5 Cairns ...June 29 Aug 6 Pt. Moresby ., ...July 1 July 20 Aug 8-9 Samarai ...July 3 July 21 Aug 10 Woodlark Is. ...July 4 Rabaul —July 5-6 July 23-24 Aug 12-13 Kavieng ....July 7 Aug 14 Lindenhafen — July 25 Salamaua | July 9-10 July 26-27 Aug 16-17 Madang July 28 Aug 18 Alexishafen Boram — July 29 Wewak Madang ...July 11 July 30 Aug 18 Finschafen — July 31 Salamaua ...July 12 July 31 Aug 19 Kavieng — Aug 2 — Pondo _ — Aug 3 Rabaul -July 14 Aug 4 Aug 21 Salamaua _ — Aug 5 Samarai ...July 16 Aug 7 Aug 23 Pt. Moresby ... ...July 17 Aug 8-9 Aug 24 Cairns ...July 19 — Aug 26 Brisbane ...July 22 Aug 13 Aug 29 Sydney -July 24 Aug 15 Aug 31 BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

Subject to alteratio'i without Notice Mariposa Monterey Mariposa Honolulu July 26 Aug 23 Pago Pago —July 3 July 31 Aug 28 Suva Aug 3 Aug 31 Auckland July 9 Aug 6 Sept 3 Sydney July 12 Aug 9 Sept 6 Melbourne —July 15-19 Aug 12-16 Sept 9-13 Sydney July 23 Aug 20 Sept 17 Auckland July 26 Aug 23 Sept 20 Suva July 29 Aug 26 Sept 23 Paco Pago Julv 30 Aug 27 Sept 24 Honolulu Aug 4 Sept 1 Sept 29 OCEANIC STEAMSHIP CO., MATSON LINE.

Subject to alteration without M.V. Malaita notice.

Sydney July 10 July 12 July 15 July 16 Tnlv Aug 21 Aug 23 Aug 26 Aug 27 A Q1 Q 1 Brisbane Townsville Cairns Tulagi Makambo 1 Gavutu J July L a.Oi-o.l Su'u L _ July 22 July 23 Sept 2 Domma Mamara Tasavarong 1 f- Aruligo Lavaro Mamara Tasavarong Aruligo Meringe 1 J Sept 3 Sept 4 Hivo Yandin^ Banika r ' i i Ufa Tnlv 91 Sept 5 Faiami Younger Pepesala Lingatu West Bay i i j 1 juiy July 25 July 26 July 27 T.,1 07 Somata Gizo J Sept 6 Faisi Sept 7 Kieta Sept 7 Arigua "T July 28 ▼ Ol Sept 8 Numa Numa Teopasino r Sept 9 Rabaul July 30-31 Aug 1-2 Aug 2 Aug 3 Sept 10-11 Soraken Sert 12-13 Sept 14 Sept 15 Sept 16 Sept 17-18 Sept 18 Kieta Faisi Gizo i Tetipari Russell Is. r Aug 5-6 Aug 7 Gavutu t Makambo r Brisbane Aug 12 Sept 23 Sydnev Aug 14 Sept 25 BURNS , PHILP & CO.. LTD..

Agents.

Subject to alteration without notice.

Nankin Nellore Tanda Hong Kong July 2 July 31 Sept 3 Manila July 5 Aug S Sept 6 Rabaul — July 13 Aug 11 Sept 14 Brisbane July 19 Aug 17 Sept 20 Sydney July 21 Aug 19 Sept 22 Melbourne J.26-A.4 A.23-S.1 S. 27-0.2 Hobart - Aug 6 Sept 3 Oct 4 Newcastle Aug 9 Sept 6 Oct 7 Sydney, dep. ...Aug 14 Sept 11 Oct 13 Brisbane Aug 16 Sept 13 Oct 15 Townsville Aug 19 Sept 16 Oct 18 Rabaul — ...Aug 24 Sept 21 Oct 23 Manila — Sept 1 Sept 29 Oct 31 Hong Kong Sept 4 Oct. 2 Nov. 3 E. & A.

Steamship Co. Ltd

., Agents.

M.V. Nusa Samarai July 26 Mambare -.July 30 Puni Puni July 26 Buna July oL Baniara July 26 Cure Nelson ...Au.? 1 Cape Nelson July 27 Baniara Aug 2 Kuna July 28 Puni Puni ....Aug 3 Mambare Tuw 29 Samarai Aug 4 S.S.

Papuan Chief Pt. Moresby -....July 6 Yule Is.

July 23 Kapa Kapa -....July 6 Kukipi July 24 Abau July 8 Orokolo ..

July 25 Baibara July 9 Kikori July 27 Samarai ..July 11 -14 Daru ..July 28-29 Baibara July 15 Orokolo Abau ....July 16 Yule Is Aug 1 Kapa Kapa - July 18 Hisiu Aug 2 Pt. Moresby ...July 19-23 Pt. Moresby Aug 3 Hisiu Sydney - Papua - New Guinea Sydney - N.Z. - Fiji - Samoa Hawaii French Oceania Inter-Island Service 5.5. Tooya (597 tons) makes regular trips from Papeete, through Leeward Group (Raiatea, Huahine, Bora Bora, etc.) about every four weeks and also regularly visits Tuamotu and Gambier Archipelagoes.

MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

N.G. Inter-Island Services 5.5. Maiwara (Burns, Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports.

M.V. John Bolton, M.V. Desikoko, M.V.

Duranbah (W.R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory.

S.S. Island Trader

5.5. Island Trader (Inter-Island Shipping Co.

Pty. Ltd.) connects at Rabaul with S.S. Friderun and then makes the following trips:— NORTHERN RUN—Rambutyo, Pak, Inrim, Pitelu, Papitalei, Salesia, Salami, Lorengau, Noru, Tumleo, Boikin, Kairiru, Wewak, Boram, Seplk Mouth, Awar, Bogia, Kulili, Kurun, Alexishafen, Nagada. Madang, Finschhafen, Salamaua, Bali, Garua, Toriu, Stockholm, Manuan.

Leaves Rabaul Returns to Rabaul July 3 July ...... 29 Aug 27 Sept ...... 22 SOUTHERN RUN—Matala, Put Put. Sum Sum, Kekere, Iwi, Ai-opa, Toboroi, Kieta, Arawa, Numa, Bonis, Buka Passage, Samo, Mageh, Lihir, Kavieng, Patlangat, Rangarere, Notre Mai, Langinoa, Asalingi, Neu Kauern, Manuan.

Leaves Rabaul Returns to Rabaul Aug 4 Aug 20 Sept 29 Oct ___ 15

Agents: Colyer, Watson & Co., Rabaul

Solomon Islands-N.G. Service Samoa Inler-lsland Service A.S. Makoa. 250 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.) operates from Apia, Western Samoa, and connects regularly with Pago Pago (American Samoa), also Tokelaus, Swain, Nassau, and Phoenix Groups.

Sydney - Rabaul - Hong Kong N.G. Goldfields' Services Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., Mandated Airlines Ltd. (late Carpenter Airways) and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae, the New Guinea mainland ports, two and three times daily for Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfield. The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Wau - Pori Moresby Service A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the New Guinea goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby, Papua. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

New Caledonian Services S.S. Loyaute (Societe des lies Loyaute) makes regular trips, carrying mails and passengers, from Noumea along the east coast to Arama.

Also from Noumea to Poum and Belep Islands. via the west coast. Leaving Noumea on the run. up the east coast the vessel calls at Yate, Touarou, N. Goye, Kaukue, Thio, Nakety, Canalo, Gouaoua, Houailou, Moueo, Pouerihouen, Tieti„ Poindimie, Wagap, Touho, Kokingone, Hieghene, Tao, Outmatch, Pouebo, Balada, Pam ap.d Araraa.

Return by same route. Ports visited on west coasttrip are: Bourail, Poya, Mueo, Poumbout, Kone, Voh, Temala, Ouaco, Koumac, Karamble, Tangadiou, Paagoumene, Nehoue, Mouac, Belep, and return by same route. 5.5. Loyaute also maintains a four-week s’ service between Noumea and the Loyalty group. Thevessel calls at Tadine (Mare Is.), Chepenehe and We (Lifou Is.), Fajoue, St. Joseph and Banout. (Ouvea Is.). Calls are made occasionally at Isle of Pines and Walpole Island.

Papuan Inter-Island Services M.V, Matoma (Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.) makesround trips on a regular schedule from Samarai to Misima Island, via the Conflict Group.

M.V. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holdsthe Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai. 5.5. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route; then Port Moresby to Dam via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu—full trip occupying about one month.

Fiji In+er-lsland Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regular four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva — trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington —trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A. K. Helena (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 12 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris Hedstrom Ltd.) tr.akos trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports—trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakaloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. The latter round trip from Suva occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

N.I. Wants Dutch Ships

TO CALL THE residents of Norfolk Island have made an appeal to the Royal Navigation Cdhipany to allow the two vessels of the new South Pacific service, the Maetsuycker and Van Rees, to call at Norfolk Island on their way from Noumea to Auckland. The vessels pass, normally, within 20 miles of the Island and, if they could make a regular call, it is believed that Norfolk Island would regain some of its lost market for Norfolk Island produce in New Zealand. 82 Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23. 1937 Published by Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street. Sydney. (Telephone BW 5037). Wholly set up and printed in Australia by The Grason Press, 431 B Kent Street, Sydney.

What Aerial Transport Has

Done For New Guinea

Since 1927, when the development of the Morobe Goldfield commenced, the European population of the Territory has been trebled. The new industry has increased the Empire's gold production by nearly £2,000,000 per annum, and has added enormously to the trade turnover of New Guinea.

Only Aerial Transport makes this possible. There is no road between the Goldfields and the coast. Aeroplanes, running on Regular Schedules, without Difficulty or Delay, carry In Dredges, Crushing Mills, Cyanidinq Plants, Motor Vehicles, Hydro - Electric Machinery, Thousands of Passengers, and every kind of goods needed by a large and growing European community.

OuiNEA AIRWAYS LTD . were established in 1927; and they have # % 0 f . & 5# a * tJIHI Aerial Transport is now assisting in the establishment of agricultural and pastoral industries to serve the goldfields. The above recent photo shows dairy cows being unloaded from a freighlAcarrying’ aeroplane, after being brought in from the coast for a dairy farm near Wau. (Photo: Thos. A. Olsson) cerate regular air services in New Guinea and Papua; they use over 50 Aerodromes and Landing-grounds in the two Territories.

Guinea Airways L™

Lae • Salamaua

HEAD OFFICE:

Brookman Buildings

Grenfell Street

ADELAIDE, S.A.

NEW GUINEA OFFICE: LAE

Mandated Territory Of

New Guinea

BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENTS AT WAU, SALAMAUA, PORT MORESBY, AND SYDNEY Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

ER SCHS ft EXPO ENE -3noxH ITtD VDN When two long thirsts equal one lons bottle!

" What’s yours ?”

"Resch’s PUsenet."

"So’s mine ”

When you ask for Pilsener insist on the long bottle.

RESCH'S PILSENER p lO 2* Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

EE m m % . ¥. : on your way to AUSTRALIA..

Saigon Dietheim & Co ; Port Moresby and Samarai, Steamships Iradmg Co. Ltd; Rabaul. W, R, Carpenter & Co. Ltd; Port Vila Gubbay Freres; Noumea. Carlo Leoni; Auckland. Russell & Somers Ltd; Wellington. Johnston & Co Ltd On your way to Australia visit Auckland and Wellington ... or plan a more leisurely stay visiting the scenic wonders of New Zealand . . . magnificent fjords . . . wild, icecapped mountains . . . hot springs and spouting geysers.

Sail by the splendid new motor vessel Maetsuycker or the wellknown steamer Van Rees.

These fast K.P.M. vessels maintain a regular monthly schedule from South Pacific Island ports; provide new direct travel facilities to New Zealand of exceptional comfort at economical tares.

K.P.M.

Details of sailings from your local agent.

S.S. Van Rees

M.V. MAETSUYCKER

South Pacific Lin

Royal Packet Navigation Co. ltd. Paketvaan House, 255 George Street, Sydney. (N.V. Konmklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij—lncorporated in the Netherlands) E

Pacific Islands Travellers

PASSENGERS PER NELLORE WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Rabaul, N.G., On

MAY 20:—Mr. D. Scobie, Mr. and Mrs. J. E.

Daymond, Mr. and Mrs. K. Nettleship, Miss P.

H. Daymond, T. Flower, J. Gilmore, Mr. and Mrs. D. Munro, Mr. and Mrs. Bayley, B. L.

Kavanagh, B. Crawley, W. H. Fitzgibbons, L.

Hansen, W. Conquest, Miss Moore, Miss Heron.

PASSENGERS PER MORINDA WHICH DE-

Parted From Sydney For Lord Howe

Is., Norfolk Is., And New Hebrides On

MAY 27: Messrs. Boughton, Baxter, Cantwell, Frater, Farrah, Haigh, Hamilton, Henry, Hughes, Henderson, Keysell, Love, Lancon, Lewis, Martin, Moore, Menzies, Quodling, Quinn, Roe, Sansom (2), Spooner, Stevenson, White, Nobbs, Vibert Mesdames Anderson, Adams, Barlow, Boughton, Bailey, Gettens, Hale, Hewitt, Horsley, Haigh, Jones, Johnson, Love, Lewis, Milburn, Nobbs.

Misses Bell, Behrens, Coates, Crumlin, Fitzgerald, Fenton, Gale (2), Gettens, Lombard, Rankine, Ross, Wilson.

Passengers Per Malaita Which

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR SOLOMON IS- LANDS AND N.G. PORTS ON MAY 29: Messrs.

Ault. Adair, Alke, Boland, Beveridge, Bignell, Bullen, Boudard, Bergelin, Beasley, Clarke, Carey, Dyer, Gralton, Goldie, Hay, Hobbs, Jackman, Jay. McLean, Murray, McGregor, Murnin, Mackenzie, Ponsford, Piper, Rowley, Roche, Sterling, Smith (2), Thomson, Victor, Waterhouse, Whatmore. Mesdames Beveridge, Cunney, Gralton, Gaskell, Lotze, Lamond, Mc- Gregor, Mackenzie, Ormby, Jack, French, Smith, Whatmore, Wilkins, Waldock, Forrest. Misses Bird, Devir, Mort, Ring, Smith, Solley, Smith, Salas. Waddell.

Passengers Per Macdhui Which

Reached Sydney From Papua And

N.G. ON MAY 31: Messrs. Allen, Anderson, Burrows, Brude, Boileau (2), Clark, Colcough, Carroll, Foil, Farley, Griffiths (2), Glanfield, Green, Goddard Hislop, Huxley, Hendrick, Hitchcock, Bowen-Jones, Lowcock, Lawrence, Lee, Mackay, McKinlay, Milne, Munsell, Miller, Mc- Millan, McGuigan, McCann, Newbound, Percy, Piper, Paton, Pendlebury, Quintrell, Rae, Smith (2), Towsend, Wilson, Woodhouse, Wain. Mesdames Anderson, Burrows, Collins, Cox, Dunning, Doyle, Foil, Lee, McDonald, Moen, Patterson, Vaughan, Wood. Misses Arliss, Beale, Farley, Goddard, Helm, Shields, Thomas, Turnbull, Tonge.

Passengers Per Macdhui Which Left

SYDNEY FOR PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA.

ON JUNE 5:—Messrs. Allica, Ashbrook, Anderson, Argabrite, Baulch, Burns, Bartlett, Blanch, Bodger, Banks, Chambers, Cruickshank. Drane.

Draper, Downing, Edwards. Fitzgibbons*. Faithorn, Faveling, Grant, Gilmore, Groom, Hadley, Hides, Hughes, Hooper, Hill, Haig, Horan, Ingram, Johnston, Jones, Jamieson, Kerby, Leetch, Lewis, Molony, Macdonald, Momsen, Murdoch, Mateer, Millis, Molloy, Munster, Mannering, Minogue, McMurray, Miles, Martin, Miller, McPherson, Misken, Neill, Newton, Nutting, Priebe, Robbins, Ryan, Muller-Reid Spagnola, Slaviero, Stewart, Sparks, Stinear, Schroder, Stevenson, Spellacy, Strang, Swanson, Smith,.

Thomson (2), Wooden, Weaver, Ward-Williams, Washington. Mesdames Ashton, Allan, Abraham* Bartlett, Barwick, Costin, Duchatel, Gillingwater, Grant, Garlick, Gemmell, Heath, Hides, Henry* Horan, Hockey, Ingram, Jargett, Leetch, Morris, Minogue (2), Mannering, Munster, Molony, Perkins, Robertson, Rudd. Smith, Stainer, Spencer, Trenchard-Smith, Thomson. Misses Carpenter, Damiens, Eustelle, Frewin, Fairhall, Klaveren, Macgregor, Maye, Mclean, O’Kelly, Smith (2)* Stainer (3).

PASSENGERS PER AORANGI WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Suva, Fiji, On

JUNE 6: —Mr. and Mrs. J. Bailey, S. S. Downes* F. H. Ellerton, Mrs. D. C. Gale, Mrs. A. Mcßean, R. J. Sands, Mrs. L. L. Williams, Miss L. F.

Williams, Mr. and Mrs. P. E. Whitehead, L- Byrnes, R. L. Came, T. A. Cantlon, Miss V* Guinery, W. O. Gray, Mrs. M. E. Huntley, F.

Jansson, E. H. Lewis, P. S. Primrose, Miss M.

M. Rial, C. S. Sharp, Mrs. L. M. Seville, Master

(Continued On Page 1)

III Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937

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IV Pacific Islands Monthly, June 23, 1937