PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly Vol. VI.—No 8.

March 19th 1986 ViAetori sterwl at the G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper .] 6 d A Fisherman of Nauru, Complete with Son.

Assisting Development and Progress in the Pacific A % .... ■ - CINCE Australia became Responsible for the Administration of New Guinea, the I 00-Per-Cent-Australian Firm of W. R.

Carpenter and Co., Ltd., has Devoted its Enterprise and Energy to the Sound Development of Islands Industries. It has Established Stores and Trading Stations wherever they were needed, in the Mandated Territory and the Solomon Islands.

Provided Inter-Island Shipping, for which purpose Two Motor-Vessels have been built in Australia, by Australian workmen.

Established Plantations, and assisted Australian Returned Soldiers in the Establishment of Plantations.

Built and Operated, at Rabaul, a Slip capable of handling Inter-Island Vessels.

Organised and Equipped an Aerial Transport Service (British-built, engined and manned), which now regularly carries Freight and Passengers between Salamaua and the New Guinea Goldfields centres.

Established a line of Modern Motor- A Modern Dragon-Moth Two-Engined Aeroplane, one of the Units of the Vessels, carrying Freight and Pas- Carpenter Aerial Transport Service, now operating between Salamaua, Port sengers between Pacific Islands and Moresby and the New Guinea Goldfields Aerodromes. Australian Ports and Europe, on a Regular Schedule.

W. R. C. LINE r I 'HE two Modern motor-vessels of the W.R.C. Line, namely, M.V. RABAUL (3600 tons) and M.V. SALAMAUA (6754 tons), are now carrying on a Regular Freight and Passenger Service, between European and Australian Ports, with Scheduled Calls at Rabaul and Salamaua (with calls at other New Guinea ports as required), and Dakar (West Africa) about every ten weeks. Calls at Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, and Fiji ports made as required.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these Vessels, at special rates; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates, Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise Complete Range of all Stocks Carried.

Head Office: 19-21 O’CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain), KAVIENG (New Ireland), MADANG (New Guinea), SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea), TULAGI (Solomon Islands), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON Buyers and Shippers of: Copra, Trocas , and all Classes of Islands Produce Jb The Twin-screw Motors hip, “ Salamaua6yj/j. Tons Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

'Phone: FX 3378 'Phone: FX 3378 BARRINGTONS

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Pacific Islands Travellers

PASSENGERS PER MONTORO WHICH AR-

Rived In From New Guinea

AND PAPUA. ON FEBRUARY 19.—Messrs.

Baldwin. Baird, Batich, Blacklow. Brough. Buckland, Burn, Cay. Crowe. Deards Downham Fox.

Fitzpatrick, Gilliland. Graham, Hartley Holland.

Hyde, Henschke, Hawker, Jones, Kirby, Lane (2), Lewis. Lucas. McKenzie, McLean, McNeill, Melvin, Paulini, Richardson, Ross, Rutherford Sharrett, Shorthouse. Sutcliffe, Symington, Wiltshire, Woods. Mesdames Baldwin, Coomey, Fox, Halford-Thompson, Hyde, Lane. Lewis, Lumley. Me- Clafferty, McLean. McNeill, Roja, Ross, Rutherford, Sefton, Sutcliffe (2). Symington, Tuckey, Woods. Misses, Elliott. Evans (2), Hart, Loudon.

Oakes, Starr, Wauchope, Sisters Gabnella and Immaculate.

Passengers Per Morinda. Which

Sailed From Sydney For Lord Howe

Is., Norfolk Is., And New Hebrides, On

FEBRUARY 20. —Messrs. Adams, Bell, Baker.

Barrell, Cooper, Cunningham, Fortescue, Garntty, Guthrey, Hogg. Jolly. Jukes. Job (2), Dr. Jaede, Messrs. Lambell, Lamb, McDonald, Mitchell, Nicholls, Paxton, Pijacum, Purdy, Simpsom Sainsbury, Scarf, Winn, Williamson, Rev. Williams, Messrs. Willott, Wigmore, Father Ghaize. Mesdames Balcon, Bell, Baker, Druce, Guthrey, Hickson, Jaede, Lambell, Lamb, Middleton, McDonald, O’Donnell, Paxton, Robertson, Thurlow, Tevelien, Willott, Williamson. Misses Adams, Bowden, Boden, Coombes, Ciissons, Dear, Cameron, Druce, Eichman, Freeman, Garnett. Jarman, Justice, Kerr, Lloyd, McCay, Prior, Lewis, Richardson, Turnbull, Thurlow, Vincent.

Passengers Per Malaita, Which

Sailed From Sydney For Solomon

ISLANDS AND RABAUL (N.G.), ON FEBRU- ARY 22. —Messrs. Ashwin, Bourne, B inskin, Colyer. Rev. Codd, Messrs. Colley, Chew, Elkington, Green, Humphries, Jefferson, Rev. Longden, Messrs. Lobban, Lazarus, McCormack, McKew, Monckton, Manning, Noble, Rhodes, Sim, McKew, Wright. Mesdames Bourne, Bulbeck, Codd, Foley, Farmer, Green, Humphries, Stokie, Wilson.

Misses Devir, Fitzgerald, Kavanagh, Matthews, Markham, Stead.

Passengers Per Mariposa Which

Arrived In Sydney From Suva, Fiji. On

FEBRUARY 24.—J. Horigan. Mr. and Mrs. N.

Godhard, Miss B. Catchpole, Mr. and Mrs. C. Carter, J. Henholm, Mrs. A. C. Paton, A. T. Day. A.

G. Campbell, Mrs. E. Kearney, Miss K. Kearney, Dr. J. L. Hills, Mr. and Mrs. C. Moss, Mr. Goodsir, Mr. and Mrs. A. Johnston, Miss K. Tierney, Mrs. O. Colahan, Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Mackav, Miss M. P. Costello, Miss R. M. Ohlson, Mrs. A.

Brewer, Miss M. Cameron, Dr. H. S. Evans, J.

R. Desai, J. L. Stark, Mr. arid Mrs. E. H.

Mcllwain, Miss V. L. Warde, Mr. and Mrs. F. S.

Stephens, Miss B. Carr, Mrs. J. R. Swales-Eyre, P. J. Gilsenan, Mrs. L. Reid, Mr. and Mrs. H. J.

T. Applebee, Mrs. J. V. Tarte, Miss J. Tarte, Master D. Tarte, Master B. Speres, Mrs. A. B.

Thomas, Miss B. Carr.

Passengers Per Montoro Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA ON FEBRUARY 25:—Messrs.

Autridge, Appleton, Anderson, Benham, Berry, Bryne (2), Barrett, Brewer, Bensley, Bripon, Clarke, Cawley, Carson, Colclough, Cruickshank, Colebrook, Carpenter, Church, Cooke, Chambers, Champion, Clappison, Digby, Davies, Dixon, Dixon - Swift, Elliott, Evensen, Ely, Eldred, Farrar, Gardiner, George, Howlett, Harvey, Hiscox, Jack, Kendall, King, Kirkham, Lamden, Lonergan, Mac- Donald, Murray, McArthur, Nichols, Porter, Price- Jones, Rich, Reigler, Ralphs, Reynolds, Stevenson, Stoyles, Stein, Straun, Schuler, Stewart, Smith, Torrington. Tarlinton, Woodman, Westhoven, Watson, Williams (2), Walshe, Woodgate. Mesdames: Aumuller, Anderson, Bannigan, Baldie, Barrett, Clarke, Cawley, Carson, Clappison, Evensen, Farrar, Gunther, Grose, Gledhill, Hoare, Hiscox, Jennings, Kenward, Lambden, Marshall, McEwan, Murray, Street, Thomson, Woodgate, Waters. Misses: Divett, Fisher, Holmes, Leader, Lett, Slade, Whiting.

NOTE: —Owing to the Montoro’s mishap at Brisbane on February 28, the above passengers were transferred, on March 10, to the Marella and the Macdhui. The latter vessel also carried the following additional passengers from Sydney:— Messrs. Crooke, Chandler, Durcher, Fay, Fell, Pilling, Shove, Torrington. Mesdames Fell, Hadley, Spencer, Miss Wilde, Sisters James and Marcella.

Passengers Per Aorangi Which

Sailed From Sydney For Suva, Fiji. On

FEBRUARY 27.—Mr. Frenchville, C. S. Wilson, Miss L. A. Wilson, Mrs. C. Reynold and infant Master E. Reynold, Mr. and Mrs. Barton and children, A. Mackay, A. S. Burton, Miss B.

Wilson Smith, C. C. Barry, R. P. Harrtcks. Mrs.

W. Finlayson, Miss Fmlayson, M U„ a * d Mr®. J- Trivett, Mrs. H. B. Harricks. Mrs. W. F. Stephenson, Master Stephenson, Miss Stephenson, Mr. and Mrs. E. Deardon, Mrs. M. E. Hobbs Master P J.

Hobbs. Mr. D. Sherwood, Miss J. Sherwood, Miss Potts, Mrs. Potts, Miss Potts, E. O. Mullen, F.

Winter A. R. Templeton, Mrs. R. N. Lane and infant, ’Masters D. and C. Lane, Master Stevenson, M. Motiram, A. Vithal, Mrs. J. Mukherji.

Master A. Mukherji, Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Mornson, Master W. A. Morrison, Miss M. Houghton.

Passengers Per Mariposa Wmch

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR SUVA, FIJI.

ON MARCH 4.—Mrs. A. R. Aspmall, S. A. D.

Baker, Mrs. C. Corbett, Misses P. and B. Corbett.

Mr. and Mrs. L. Davis, Mrs. L. M. Dean Miss L.

Edwards, T. Horne, W. R. Lewis Mr and Mrs. J.

R. Moore, H. E. Proctor, J. H. Smith, Mrs. C. J.

Stewart, Miss B. Stewart, Miss D. Thomas, L. W.

Beach, Rev. and Mrs. C. Bull, Mr. and Mrs. F. .1.

C. Corbett, J. A. Davidson, Mrs. V. Horsham. .Master V. Horsham, Mr. Litster. Messrs. H. S., D. J., and G. Mount, Mr. Mumford, B. OBnen, Mr. and Mrs. F. W. J. Plucknett, J. B. Turner, Mrs. I. Wylie, Master B. Wylie.

PASSENGERS PER MACDHUT, WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From New Guinea And

PAPUA ON MARCH s.—Messrs. Altria, Anstee, Ashwell, Austin, Father Bachelier, Messrs. Beattie, Beck, Father Backer, Messrs. Bendeick, Biccard, Biffin, Buhl, Burns, Carr. Challis, Coleman, Collins, Cook. Father Coltree, Messrs. Coppard. Davies, Dawkins, Dixson, Dodd, Doone, Duffy. Fell, Frog gatt. Brother Gasbarra, Messrs. Hall, Halley, Hamilton, Hartigan, Hides, Hyde, Ifould, Kent, Keyes, Kohnke, Laidlaw, Lega, Lock, MacGregor, Milligan, Moates, Norris, O’Donnell, O’Sullivan.

Penglase, Pitman. Phillips, Pollard, Roja, Rondahl, Russell, Shaw. Sherry, Shirley, Smith. Studler, Sutton, Tomlinson, Tompsett, Vorwerg, Vagg, Waldon, Wight, Wishart, Weston. Woodman. Mesdames Altria, Anderson, Ashwell, Challis, Froggatt, Kent, Lowe, Nettleship, Penglase, Phillips, Radcliffe, Russell, Sherry. Misses Ballantyne, Frewin, Protheroe, Radcliffe, Wood.

Passengers Per Van Rees, Which

ARRIVED IN SYDNEY FROM N. GUINEA.

VILA, AND NOUMEA ON MARCH 17. — Messrs. Oakley, Rabin, Jerome, Hides, Young, Raymond, Marshall, Millar, Simcocks, Comien, Freminet, Leleu, Brunelet, Kisaku, Iwamoto.

Mesdames Oakley, Rabin, Jerome, Hides and child, Boyzon, Verger, Veyret, Guillemot and child.

Misses Lomont, Veyret, Vergers.

Mr. N. S. Falla, C.M.G., D. 5.0., V.D., managing director of the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand Limited, has been elected chairman of directors in succession to the late Sir James Mills. 1 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCHANTS HOT sm t« fun 111 -4- HI 111 SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney—Australia Code Address: "Burphil"

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is.—Lord Howe Is. —Norfolk Is.—New Hebrides —lava and Singapore ADVERTISERS Page.

Adams, Ltd., Wm.. 46 Amalgamated Wireless of Aust. Ltd. 76 Angus & Coote Ltd. 23 Arnott’s Biscuits . 60 “Aspro” 73 Ausoline 48 B. and S. Agency . 65 Bank of N.S.W. . . 77 Barrington, D.Y.S.. 1 Bebarfalds, Ltd. . . 59 Belvedere 23 Bentley, E. & Sons 49 Berger & Sons Ltd. 62 Blatticide Co. 78 Blau, Julius 58 Boston Stamp Co, . .16 Breckwoldt & Co. . 47 Broomfields Ltd. . . 4 9 Brunton’s Flour . . 32 Bullivants Ltd. ... 52 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 Burns, Philp & Co. 29 B.P. (S.S.) Co. ... 35 Buzacott Ltd 53 Capell, J 42 Carpenter, W. R., Ltd ii Cent. Q’land Meat Co 36 Chi vers & Co. Ltd. 32 Coleman Quicklite . 20 Coles, A. H. J. . . 73 Coral Starch 37 Cousins, R. Y 40 Crockett & Co. Ltd. 39 Crossle, Duff and Macintosh Ltd. . 68 “Crowle House” . . 17 Cuprinol 49 Cystex 16 Del Cott Pty. Ltd. 43 Dexter, Henry .... 28 Doan’s Ointment . . 55 Donald, A. B. Ltd. 64 Doyle, T. G 48 Eaton Ltd., J. W.. 46 Electrolytic R. & S.

Co. Ltd 68 Elvy & Co. Ltd. . . 13 Page.

Everyday Products Ltd 74 Excelsior Supply Co. 30 “Fairholme” College 45 Fellows, S. J. & E. 70 Finau, Wm 18 Fletcher & Son ... 54 Ford, Walter 12 Ford, W. M 53 Forster’s Bedsteads 54 Foster Clark (Aust.) Ltd 33 Freeman’s Sports Store 31 Fryer, A. C 56 Garden Vale Products 34 Garrett & Davidson 7 0 Gillespie’s Flour . . 34 Goodwin, A. E. ... 69 Gourock Rope Co. .79 Grand Pacific Hotel 65 Guinea Airways Ltd iii Gunn & Moore Ltd. 29 Guthridge Ltd. ... 75 Hallstrom, E 14 Halvorsen, L 79 Hardy & Co. R. M. 57 Harper, M 48 Holbrook’s Ltd. ... 85 Holden’s Air Co. . . 80 “Hopewood House” 13 Horne, W. & Co.

Ltd 66 Hotel Gnd. Central 12 Hudson, Ltd., Geo.. 7 5 1.C.1.A.N.Z 15 Insular Lamps Ltd. 40 Jang King Loong . 66 Jones & Co., Henry 21 Jones & Rickard . . 27 Joubert & Joubert 58 Kerr Bros. Ltd. ... 52 Koko-Maricopas Co.

Ltd 61 Kodak Pty. Ltd. . 19 Kopsen & Co. Ltd.. 14 Kork-N-Seal Ltd. . 73 Lane & Girvan Ltd. 80 Leica Photo Co. . . 28 Love, Ltd. J. R. . 20 Mcllrath’s Ltd. . . 22 Mclntyre & Co., T. 75 McKay, D 25 Maleham & Yeomans Ltd. 29 Maxwell Porter Ltd. 46 Melbourne Hotel . . 66 Morrison & Co. Ltd. 24 Morris, Hedstrom Ltd 62 Mungo Scott Ltd. . 36 N-D.L 78 Kelson & Robertson Ltd 56 New Brit. Express. 55 Newlands Bros. Ltd. 41 Nicholson & Foster 43 Noyes Bros. Ltd... 50 “Oceania” 45 Pacific Hotels .... 44 Pacific Taxis .... 67 Pacific Year Book 9 Paris Trade Fair . 12 Paul & Gray Ltd. . 50 Peel and Sons, H.. 37 Phillips & House . 41 Pier Hotel 67 Pike Bros. Ltd. . . 22 Positions Wanted . 57, 66, 70 Prescott Ltd 72 Prouds Ltd 17 Ransomes, Sims & Jeffries Ltd 47 Reed, Wm. E 26 Reid, W. M 32 Rohu, Sil 25 Rolls Razor Co. Ltd. 25 Royal Packet Co. 1 Russell, S 36 Ruston & Hornsby. 27 Samson. A. J. .... 12 Savage W. & Co.. 71 Scott, Ltd., J 42 Scott & Sons .... 71 Springwood L. Coll. 60 Stanley, Chris. ... 21 Steamships T. Co. . 78 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Swallow & Ariell . 72 Sydney Steel Co. . 71 Talkenes . . . <4 Tamarang Hostel . 61 laubmans Paints . 38 Taylor & Co.. A. . 52 Thompson Eng. Co. 5l Tillock & Co. Ltd. .’ 21 Tooheys Ltd 15 Tooth & Co iv Trufood 20 Tudor Hotel 13 t.W.H. Paint 18 Vacuum Qil Co . .. 63 ~ .t, r , Vincent s A.P.C. .. 1 Wallis J. B. & Co. G 9 Walvon Kennels . . 48 Walker-Flynn, Mrs. 60 Wentworth Hotel . 29 West H . . 42 West’s Wheels’47 Weymark & Son . 37 Whee i e r, B. R. .. 51 e tt nr s . W. D &H. O. 25 hams Ltd. S. . 26 Williams, W. H. . . 64 Woods Ltd... W. E. 57 Wright & Co 40 Wunderlich Ltd. . . 38 Yorkshire Ins. Co.. 45 Contents Page Pacific Islands Travellers 1 The Missing Link in Pacific Planting 3 Tonga’s Prince and His Snake . . . . 5 Dr. Hills’ Confidence in Fiji Gold .. 5 Threat to N.G. Trochus Industry . . 6 W. R. Carpenter & Co. Enter Fiji . . 7 Mysterious Copra Market 7 N.G.G. Ltd. Want Concessions from Governments g, 74 New Shipping Law Disturbs N.G. and Papua 9 Montoro Aground at Brisbane .. !! 10 Tropicalities n About Islands People 12 Kurukuru Grass for Paper Pulp . . ” 17 Lucky French Copra Growers . . . , 18 How to Get Land in New Guinea .. 20 Cook Is. Fruit Growers Pessimistic . . 21 Pacific Countries Affected by Latest Japanese - German - Russian Developments 22 Australian Manufacturers Shun N.G.

Cocoa 27 Fiji Has Half-Million Trade Surplus ..’ 28 Page How Sacred Heart Mission Entered Papua 30 Paul Gauguin as Newspaper Editor . , 35 Anglo-Dutch Co. to Seek Gold in Dutch New Guinea 38 “Papua’s Wonderland” from the Air .. 39 Economic Development in N. Guinea , . 42 Foundering of Tiafau 45 Progress on New Guinea Goldfields .! 47 Career of Professor Peter Buck . . .. 49 Pages from the Past—The Romance of John Salmon and Queen Tinamana 51 Fate of William Harris, of Nauru .. 55 Work of Dr. George Brown, Pioneer Methodist Missionary 56 Fashion Hints for Islands Women .. 59 New Guinea Aerial Merger 62 California—Tahiti Traffic 64 Ra Chases Tailevu Over Fijian Hills 65 Govt. Ship Wrecked in Fiji 66 Methodist Mission Board’s Annual Meeting 67 Pacific Is. Mining Notes 68 Pacific Is. Shipping Services 78 2 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper jJlagfa*ine of the South Seas I Registered at G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission ty post as a newspaper ] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

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Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON.

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Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

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All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

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Vol. VI. No. 8.

Vol. VI. No. 8.

Sydney, March 19, 1936 p * ~ S 6d. Per Copy. * ‘ice | Prepaid: 6/- p.a.

The Missing Link In Pacific Planting

JT is a remarkable thing that no effort, either concerted or isolated, has been made by the Pacific Islands Administrations to create an economic branch which might function in association with their departments of agriculture.

The Administrations spend annually substantial sums in various kinds of agricultural experiments —ascertaining what plants and trees will grow in particular areas; discovering the best methods of cultivation; examining pests and the most effective ways of dealing with them; and generally collecting and collating information which will simplify the task of the planter in his business of planting —but, as one old planter has put it in a letter to us, “what is the use of showing us all them pretty little plants set out in them pretty little plots, unless we know what it is going to cost us to grow them and where the market is?”

The various agricultural experts — directors, inspectors, botanists, entomologists, and so on —are maintained for the benefit of the planters; and they, for the most part, carry out their duties efficiently and conscientiously. But, with that, the job is only half done. Not one planter will make a move to cultivate a new crop unless he has some reasonable assurance that the crop can be cultivated profitably under the particular conditions of his territory, and unless he is assured that there is available to him a regular and fairly certain market.

The need for this information has been apparent for years, and it is surprising that nothing has been done to deal with the problem. There is in Papua, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa, and various other territories a great deal of land which might easily be cultivated —although, as a correspondent in this issue points out, there are difficulties in the way of acquiring it.

There is, in most islands groups, an abundance of cheap labour and an assured rainfall. Isolation, which once gave certain terrors to life in those islands, is being steadily destroyed by the advances of radio and aviation; tropical hygiene is removing the threat to health. Thousands of Europeans would go willingly to the Pacific Islands, and establish their homes there, if once they were assured they could earn a sufficient income to provide themselves with the necessary amenities of life in the tropics.

There is profit in growing coconuts — the staple industry of the South Seas — but the establishment of a coconut plantation requires considerable capital, and the industry, at the moment, is attended with some uncertainty. But let it once be shown that there is a reasonably certain profit in the cultivation of various other tropical products which may supplement coconuts coffee, cocoa, kapok, tea, rattan, and various others — and there will be a steady influx of new settlers and new capital to the Islands; while the planters already there will take a new lease of life.

It is all a question of making the necessary data available. Half the information required is obtainable now — namely, how and when and where to grow the tropical plants. But the other, 3 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

r 4 1L J I r riOK.

The Court Doctor: Old King Kopra is getting better. He’s been amusing himself lately, blowing soap-bubbles. But he wants building up —a tonic, I think.

The Consulting Doctor: How about a course of emulsion—fish oil, you know?

The C.D.: For the love of Mike, don’t mention fish oil to him! That would be a whale of a mistake! and equally necessary information — namely, the value of the products, the cost of producing them, and the character and location of markets —is missing.

So long as the economic data are missing the cost of producing the technical data (that is, how to grow a thing and where to grow it) represents largely a waste of time and effort.

This is a problem that is common to practically all Pacific Administrations.

Therefore, might it not be solved by a common effort? Is there anything fantastic about the idea of forming an economic committee, on which each of the various Pacific Administrations might be represented, and the duty of which would be to assemble and correlate information relating to the production costs and marketing of the various tropical commodities which can be produced in the South Seas, and for which there is a market ?

“UNTHINKABLE!”

Australia Will Not Surrender New Guinea T T was unthinkable that Australia should even consider the handing over of any territory, said the leader of the Commonwealth Government in the Senate (Sir George Pearce) on March 13, in a statement on mandated lands.

“The Japanese mandate in the North Pacific reaches to the equator and adjoins the Australian mandate,” he added, “and we have an automatic demilitarised zone which introduces a considerable stabilising factor in Pacific waters.

“The result has been up to the present at least, equilibrium in the Pacific, resulting in a feeling of security and tranquillity.”

New Guinea, by virtue of its geographical position, its natural harbours, its facilities for naval and military aircraft, continued Sir George, was of considerable strategic value to Australia from a defence aspect so long as the existing form of control and administration obtained.

The handing over of national rights and interests to the demand of a powerful nation could only result in international anarchy, he said. In effect, it would amount to a submission to blackmail— the temporary buying off of any militant aggressive nation. The claim that colonial territory provided an outlet for surplus population was not borne out by settlement figures.

Mr. Charles Nordhoff, the celebrated American novelist, who has been visiting his parents in California, returned to Papeete by the last Makura. A fellowpassenger on the liner was Mr. Arthur Grander, another well-known resident of Tahiti. Mr. Nordhoff brought with him a motor-boat for use around the coast.

His many friends will be pleased to learn that Mr. Nordhoff is much improved in health.

Sir Hubert Murray

Slightly Injured

WHEN the Dutch steamer Meliskirk (on which Sir Hubert Murray, Lt.

Governor of Papua, and his daughter, Mrs. C. R. Pinney, are travelling to the East) arrived in Melbourne on March 5, Mrs. Pinney w r as met by a friend, and they returned along the wharf to meet Sir Hubert Murray, who was walking towards them. The Melbourne wharf had long been in a terribly bad state of repair, with bolts sticking up here and there. Sir Hubert caught his foot in one of these, and fell heavily, and was injured. He was taken at once to a specialist in Collins Street, who “patched him up,” so that he was able to attend a luncheon party. He remained with friends in Melbourne.

The Meliskirk will not leave Fremantle until April 3, and it is anticipated that Sir Hubert will be recovered by then, and able to join the ship and continue his voyage.

Commander R. C. Garsia, Administrator of Nauru Island, arrived at Auckland in March by the Triona, with Mrs.

Garsia, and is now touring New Zealand. The Administrator is a New Zealander by birth, and this is his first visit to his homeland since 1913. Commander Garsia was a Junior officer on H.M.A.S. Sydney during ihe Great War. .

“New Basis Of

PAYMENT.”

For N.G. Soldier-Planters. 7 1 Minister in Charge of Territories (Sir George Pearce) announced in Canberra on March 10 that it had been decided to alter the basis of payment by purchasers of expropriated properties in New Guinea. Whatever the market price of copra might be from time to time, the purchasers under the new arrangement would be able to reduce their indebtedness to the Federal Government, and also profitably conduct the plantations.

It was felt, added the Minister, that action by the Federal Government alone would not be fully effective in placing the planters on a satisfactory footing, and it was hoped that the firms that had assisted to finance the planters would be able substantially to reduce the payments required to be made to them. Negotiations were in train with that object in view.

EDITORIAL NOTE: The latter paragraph is interesting. It is recalled that Sir Walter Carpenter, many months ago, said that if the Commonwealth Government would relieve the soldierplanters of some portion of their capital indebtedness, his firm would make a proportionate adjustment regarding debts owed by the planters. The Minister, unfortunately, has omitted to state how the basis of payment is to be altered. Does he mean reappraisement? 4 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 193 6

The Prince And His

SNAKE Nukualofa’s Hectic Hour NUKUALOFA never will forget the homecoming of Crown Prince Taufa’ahau, who arrived there is December, fresh from Newington College, Sydney, to spend the Christmas holidays in his own country.

The Prince, like all lads, is an ardent student of natural history. When passing through Fiji, he somehow found and became attached to a snake.

There are no snakes in Tonga—little excitement of any kind, in fact. “This,” said Taufa’ahau, “will stir up the boys at home!” He put it in a box,'and added the box to his luggage.

The Prince is popular in Tonga. Half Nukualofa assembled at the wharf to greet him. There were cheers and singing. A band of high-spirited musicians played lively airs.

The snake had recovered from seasickness. The music stirred him.

The Prince was ashore in the midst of joyous meetings, when a steward accosted him anxiously.

“Your snake, sir,” he said. “’E ain't in his box!”

True enough. The box was open. The reptile was free in a hitherto snakeless Tonga.

There was a wild alarm. The Chief of Police assembled the whole of his force.

A quick search disclosed no snake.

A grim-faced Minister of the Crown took the Prince aside and showed him a solemn law of the Prince’s own realm: “No person may introduce any new animal to the Kingdom of Tonga without first obtaining written permission from the Premier, with the consent of Cabinet.”

The news spread. Anxious parents rushed around, gathering their children into safety. The elders held grave debate.

Someone hopefully suggested that the occasion demanded ceremonial kava.

The police chief was a resourceful man.

He quickly enlisted a large volunteer force which, led by the police, spread out fan wise from the wharf, through Nukualofa’s grassy streets and lawns, searching every nook and cranny for the missing reptile.

Queen Salote and Prince Tugi took their erring son silently away to the palace. No one knows what happened there.

One presumes that Crown Princes are not spanked.

The search went on for hours.

Then, suddenly, a mile away from the beach, the palm trees quivered to a wild hulloa. In a paddock, coiled in the grass, a native constable had found the snake.

It was a new problem for him —so he danced around it, and howled. The serpent raised its head, and hissed.

The photographs were taken just before, and just after, death.

The Prince is back at Newington. A reporter wanted to discuss snakes with him. But the Prince is an athlete, and the reporter did not like the look in his eye.

As Josh Billings (or someone) said: “Snakes is tabu!”

MURDER Crime in Eastern Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA. Feb. 28.

A SAMOAN resident of American Samoa was murdered in one of the main streets of Pago Pago, on February 21, by another Samoan, Muliaga, a resident of Falealili, Western Samoa.

There had been a dispute between the two men over a title for land, and the matter had been heard in court. The court’s decision was unfavourable to Muliaga, and he vowed vengeance. He sought his enemy on the road, in broad daylight, and fired at him with a shotgun, inflicting a fatal wound in the side.

The murderer was arrested.

Aerial Merger

No Unanimity in Rabaul From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL. March 5.

AN informal meeting of the Legislative Council was held here on the afternoon of February 28, for the purpose of discussing and formulating an aviation policy for New Guinea and Papua. The public were admitted to the meeting.

The plan to merge the aerial transport companies was fully considered. Some speakers were for the plan—others against.

Nothing constructive was arrived at, and the meeting was resultless.

Judge H. F. Ayson, C.M.G., Resident Commissioner of the Cook Islands, who has been on leave in New Zealand, joined the Makura at Wellington on March 17, to return to Rarotonga.

Fiji’S Gold

The Confidence of Dr. Loftus Hills GOLD mining is proceeding on a fairly large scale on the new Tavua field in Fiji; but, notwithstanding this, Tavua field remains a puzzle to the majority of speculators. They cannot decide whether the thing has been monstrously overboomed; or whether there is gold there to justify the avalanche of flotations which last year disturbed the stock markets in Melbourne and Sydney.

The Tavua field has been established largely as a result of the reports of Dr.

Loftus Hills, described as “Australia’s leading geological expert.’’ Dr. Hills has been back in Fiji recently and has made a report based on a further geological survey.

This is how Smith’s Weekly sums it up: Summarised, the report postulates the following important points:— (1) That the lode is at least 1200 ft. in length. (2) That surface values are succeeded by lower values immediately below, but show appreciable increases at 20 to 40ft. down. (3) That the first diamond drill showed 9V2 dwt. at 300 ft., and only 4y 2 dwt. at 40ft. (4) That the important gold-bearing zone cannot be expected above 750 ft. from the surface with payable values down to 300 f- at least.

Further than this report. Dr. Hills states, in another communication, that the results disclosed in the recently completed geological survey of the field, have an important bearing on the future of the area as a gold producer. The payable portion has been narrowed down to five square miles— greater than the area on which payable mines in Kalgoorlie are operating.

He at least has retained the optimism he expressed from the start and has given the opinion that —“the Tavua Goldfield will speak for itself during the coming months,” and that “this will not be the first time that pessimists have been made to look foolish over the Tavua Goldfield. It is a field dangerous for pessimists to monkey with.”

Despite this, Fiji gold shares remain sick. As will be seen from our mining reports in this issue, a number of areas on the Tavua field have been abandoned.

It is obvious that, if Dr. Loftus Hills is right, bold speculators might make fortunes by purchasing certain of the Fiji gold-mines shares at the low figures to which they have drifted in recent weeks.

Central Pacific Air

MAIL Assessing Value of Islands LATEST information from Honolulu indicates that Pan Pacific Airways, Ltd., in collaboration with the United States Government, are making steady progress with their plans for the new air-mail service between Hawaii and Auckland, New Zealand.

The coastguard vessel, Ithasca, returned to Honolulu early in March from a visit to Jarvis, Baker and Howland Islands. It is believed that the latter islands are not suitable for the proposed seaplane service and that the latter will run from Honolulu to Palmyra Island; thence to Pago Pago, American Samoa; thence to Suva; and thence to Auckland.

A glance at the map suggests that the service probably will require an emergency landing-place somewhere between Palmyra and Pago Pago (where there are numerous islands) and between Suva and Auckland (where this is a very empty stretch of sea, broken only by the Kermadec Group.) Right: The serpent which disturbed Tonga’s Eden, as it was found after a long hunt. Left: A Tongan policeman holding the reptile, after it was despatched.

Photos.: W. Finau. 5 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Threat To Trochus

INDUSTRY Japanese Destroying Immature Shell THERE is a disposition in certain official quarters to regard the reports of poaching by Japanese sampans as exaggerated. Perhaps they are, to some extent; but there is no doubt that the depredations of wandering Japanese vessels are a very serious matter so far as the trochus industry in New Guinea is concerned.

Trochus fishing saved many planters in New Guinea during the depression.

For a long time, the price of copra was so low that it did not pay the producer to cart it to the beach for shipment, and many of the more enterprising and selfreliant men thereupon fitted out their boats and set to work gathering the trochus shell from the sea-bottom around the reefs.

For the benefit of the uninitiated— politicians in particular—it may be said that the trochus is a marine animal which inhabits a conical spiral shell, and that it travels like a snail along the seabottom. The shell grows to a considerable size—four to six inches across in New Guinea waters —and it is worth about £lOO per ton in Australian currency. Fishers are not allowed to take the shell if it is not two and a half inches in diameter. The shell is obtained by native boys who dive and pick it up.

The trochus does not inhabit deep water.

It is a profitable industry so far as the New Guinea Administration is concerned, for the Administration collects £1 per ton royalty and £1 per ton export duty.

During the last four or five years, in ever increasing numbers, Japanese sampans—boats of a peculiar type with powerful engines—have penetrated all the islands about New Guinea, from the Moluccas in the Dutch East Indies right across to the Solomon and Santa Cruz Islands; and they have been seen very frequently as far south as the North Australian coast. They are gathering up the products of the sea, and especially shell.

No country can claim jurisdiction over the waters which lie three miles or more from its shores. There are hundreds and probably thousands of reefs in this part of the Pacific where the Japanese are as much entitled to the products of the sea as anyone else.

But, to a degree that is causing anger to planters and traders, and embarrassment to the governments and Administrators, the Japanese sampans are invading territorial waters and carrying off the trochus shell. This poaching is bad enough in itself, but actually the practice has a far more serious aspect than mere theft. The Japanese habitually take the small trochus shell—the little shell under 2\ inches in diameter. Some say that the Japanese take the shell for the usual commercial purposes; others declare that the small shell is kept alive and that the Japanese are planting it in the islands from which they come— probably the Carolines.

The effect of this continuous process is that various reefs in New Guinea, which have been a source of regular income to residents there, especially during the bad years, are being entirely denuded of their shell. The system followed by law-abiding Britishers, of taking only the shell of a certain size, has ensured the continuance of the industry.

The method followed by the Japanese makes it certain that the industry will be destroyed.

A recent visitor from Manus informs us that the Japanese sampans are as busy as ever they have been —the only difference -being that they appear to be taking away an increasing quantity of immature shell.

It is surprising that the New Guinea Administration has made no attempt to build up the trochus industry by protective and artificial methods. Those who have studied the ways of the trochus say that it would be quite easy to collect the immature shell on the more distant and inaccessible reefs and transfer it to more suitable localities where it could be protected and encouraged to grow to marketable size. Trochus grows quickly—a shell will develop from immature to marketable size in six months.

Presumably, it will be the same old story. When the Japanese have denuded the accessible beds and have carried off a large portion of the immature shell, and the industry is in danger of collapsing altogether, the Administration will awaken to the sad development and will then become very busy and spend much money in an attempt to re-establish it.

Yam Show At Vavau, Tonga

Poachers Burn Buildings in Manus From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, Feb. 24.

J>EPORTS have been received from outlying islands in the Manus Group of further visitations by Japanese shell poachers.

One report is to the effect that poachers landed on an island where there Is a copra plantation and burnt down several buildings belonging to the estate.

The rumour prevalent amongst local Japanese is that these poachers are outlaws from their own country. Their headquarters are at Shanghai, from which port they operate to these waters.

Launch for New Guinea It was announced on March 6 that the Commonwealth Government proposes tohire an ocean-going- launch for official use m New Guinea. The vessel must have a radius of 1,000 miles and a maximum speed of 20 knots. It is not indicated whether this is to be a patrol vessel or is to take the place of the schooner which recently disappeared off the north coast of New Britain.

A new fast patrol vessel has just arrived in Australia from England. She will be stationed in the Northern Territory.

Sir A. G. Murchison Fletcher, Kt. P K.C.M.G., C.8.E., who has been Governor of Fiji since 1929 and who recently has been appointed Governor of Trinidad and Tobago in succession to Sir Alfred Claud Hollis, K.C.M.G., C.8.E., proposes to leave Suva by the Aorangi on May 1 for Canada en route to England.

Each year the natives of Vavau gather at Neiafu, to compete for agricultural prizes.

Photo, shows the group at the presentation of prizes for the best yam. Front row (left to right): Banuve; the Tongan Fruit Inspector; the Assist ant Inspector; Winner of the yam prize; the Governor of Vavau; and Haamea, son of Finau Ulukalala, descendant of the great chief Finau, famous in Tonga’s history. 6 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 19 3 6

On Jan. 3.

Barrels of oil 1936 627,825 1935 728,983 1934 1,207,450 1933 1,132,750

Tongan Princes

W. R. Carpenter & Co.

Enter Fiji Controlling Interest in Brown and Joske Ltd.

BY purchasing for about £BO,OOO a controlling interest in Messrs. Brown & Joske, Ltd., general merchants and commission agents, Messrs. W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd., have entered the trading field in Fiji.

Messrs. Brown and Joske, Ltd., was registered in 1922, and in 1929 it was converted from a private concern into a public company and quoted on the stock exchange in Australia. The paid capital of the company prior to the recent development was £69,440, in 20,000 preference and 49,440 ordinary shares of £1 each. The preference shares carry rights to a fixed cumulative preference dividend of 7 per cent., and priority as to capital. The business has been personally directed for some years by Major Clive B. Joske, who is a well known member of a very well known Fiji pioneering family.

We understand that under the new conditions Major Joske will remain in charge of the firm’s operations in Fiji. There will not be any notable changes—all that has happened is that Brown & Joske, Ltd., will carry out the Fijian section of the very extensive operations of Messrs. W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd., in the South Seas.

Messrs. Carpenter & Co., Ltd., through recent notable developments, are now active traders, planters, and transport contractors in New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, and Fiji, and now regularly operate a line of direct steamers between Europe and the South Sea Islands.

Captain Milne, who has recently been appointed Governor of American Samoa, arrived in Pago Pago by the February Monterey.

Spanish Coins?

Curious Finds on New Guinea Goldfield TT was reported in Wau last month that Spanish coins had been found recently under 12ft. of wash on a mining claim outside Wau.

Another mysterious object reported to have been found was a remarkaole bowl, or vessel, with human figures impressed around the rim, as a border decoration.

This was found under 15ft. of wash—not in the same spot as the coins, but in the same locality.

The Morobe goldfield is the home of fantastic reports, and confirmation of the foregoing, therefore, is awaited. Investigation of any such discovery should be immediately undertaken. There have been a number of curious and mysterious objects uncovered on this well-nigh inaccessible central plateau of New Guinea since gold-mining operations commenced —suggesting that at some remote period people of considerable technical skill, and maybe Europeans, had discovered and worked this goldfield. The objects which have been found are clearly not the product of the present type of New Guinea natives.

Building Boom in Rabaul BUILDING in Rabaul, New Guinea, is at present on the increase. Contracts for six Administration bungalows have been let to the Bay Loo Co. Ltd., and a new Court House, costing £3,500, is to be erected at the rear of the Treasury.

The New Guinea Club has called for tenders for a new club house, which when completed will be the finest building in the Territory. It is estimated that the new building, which will be almost opposite the new Court, will cost over £6,000.

At present a new Masonic Temple is being erected on the block next to the Treasury in Rabaul’s main street, Mango Avenue. Designed by Hon. H. L. Clark, secretary of the Bay Loo Co. Ltd. (the contractors), the structure will cost £3,000. It consists of a Temple and four surrounding offices. The Lodge hall itself will be equipped with a special air conditioning plant.

The new structure will be the best Lodge building in the South Seas.

Mr. and Mrs. Eric Mcllwain arrived in Sydney from Fiji by the Mariposa on February' 24 to spend their honeymoon in Australia. They were married by Rev.

Father Oreve at Bishop’s Court, Suva, on February 15. The groom is a resident of Rewa, and the bride, Miss Anne Gertrude Storck, of Suva.

Copra Price

A Mysterious Market AFTER maintaining a fairly profitable level, under conditions which suggested that some measure of stability had arrived, the copra market very suddenly sagged badly early in March and, at one time, showed a fall of nearly £3 per ton.

There was almost a panic in some circles, where copra had been bought confidently over recent months and where considerable stocks were held.

At the moment of this writing the position is uncertain. A recovery is expected, but it cannot be said yet that it is definitely in sight.

The cause of the fall in prices is completely a mystery. The statistical position in regard to world supplies of oils and fats is actually very reassuring, and the trend of prices should be up rather than down. The latest reports from the Antarctic show that the whaling companies have only a moderate catch, the position being— It will be seen, therefore, that the whale oil in sight this year is a little more than half of the supply that came forward in 1934.

The latest available reports from London indicated “a continued shortage of oils and fats in North America and central Europe, which is causing a constant demand for near and afloat parcels.”

The only explanation we have here in Sydney since the price sagged is: “It looks as if the Unilever combine has got control of the situation again.”

American People and the British King.

THE Bishop of Polynesia, Dr. Kempthorne, was in the United States when the death of King George V. was announced and in an address he gave at Apia recently the Bishop commented upon the extraordinary way in which the American people received the death of the King.

Expressions of sorrow were universal; and the American people appeared to be intensely sympathetic with the British people in the loss of the monarch whom they esteemed so highly.

Bishop Kempthorne was asked to preach a memorial sermon at San Francisco and 3,000 persons assembled in the church to hear him speak of the dead King and of the new King, while 6,000 more listened through amplifiers outside the church. The racial sympathy between Americans and British was brought home to the Bishop in an overwhelming manner.

Mr. N. Penglase arrived in Sydney on leave from New Guinea by the Macdhui on February 5. For some time past he has been Assistant District Officer at Wau. Mr. Penglase has had a long association with the Morobe District both as a resident and as a travelling officer, having made several long and important patrols when Morobe was still an “uncontrolled” area. A.D.O. Harry Downing is in charge at Wau until Mr. Penglase returns.

The Crown Prince of Tonga, George Taufa’ahau, with his two brothers, Prince John Gu (centre), and Prince George Tuku’aho. This picture was taken shortly after the Crown Prince arrived at Nukualofa in December.

Photo. by A. Hettig.

The new Lodge building, under construction. 7 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

N.G.G. Ltd. Want Concessions From

GOVERNMENTS Co.’s History Does Not Inspire Goodwill report supplied to the newspapers of the sixth annual general meeting of New Guinea Goldfields Limited on February 28 gives no indication of the temper of the meeting. We do not know how the shareholders accepted the announcement that there would be no dividend, and the explanation of policy by the chairman, Mr. J. P. Blaikie Webster.

The following is a summary of the report of the chairman’s speech: During the year the output of fine gold amounted to 37,694 ozs., for a profit of £152,020, compared with the previous year’s output of 40,592 ozs., for a profit of £180,091. This reduced output was due to the anticipated lower grade of ore treated in the Golden Ridges mill.

The year was characterised by heavy capital expenditure, for into this period fell the completion of the power transmission line and the installation of transformers, etc., the erection of the tailings re-treatment plant at Golden Ridges, and the purchase of plant and machinery, and partial cost of erection of the new mill at Edie.

In consequence, capital expenditure amounted to £174,904, or about £23,000 more than profits.

All members of the Board were anxious that some dividend should be paid, but we had to face these facts, together with the knowledge of additional capital expenditure incurred after the close of the financial year in completing the Edie mill and the desirability that provision should be made for continuing the drilling and development programme from which satisfactory results are being obtained. Under these circumstances the Board decided to conserve cash resources, which amounted to £llB,OOO at the end of the financial year, and to carry forward the credit balance on Profit and Loss Account now amounting to £211,293.

With the new mill now in operation, the Edie or Upper Area is now a completely equipped entity. We had anticipated that this mill would have been completed in August last, but not only was the construction work affected by exceptional rains, but delays were experienced in shipping and other transport, so that it was only last month that we were able to commence milling, treating low-grade ore in order to tune up the plant preparatory to normal operations. The mill consists of rock breaker, 20 stamp battery, amalgamation plates and cyanide plant, and it is to the credit of our staff that from the commencement of the trial run everything worked smoothly and no difficulties arose.

In a new plant, the initial absorption of gold is considerable, and in view of this, and of the low grade of ore treated during the trial run, we regard as satisfactory the first clean-up on 14th February, which produced 3,710 ozs. of bullion containing 938 ozs. of fine gold. Latest reports indicate that the mill is running up to its designed capacity of 100 tons daily; sand and slime residues are assaying about 0.4 dwts. gold per ton, which leads to the expectation of a satisfactorily high gold recovery.

The question of recovery of the silver contents of the ore is receiving constant attention. Even at to-day’s low price of silver, the developed ore reserves at Edie carry a gross silver value of more than £250,000. Recent tests have shown no metallurgical difficulties in obtaining a recovery of 95 per cent, of the silver, at a working cost of about 10/- per ton of ore, but costs of air transport of re-agents makes this process impracticable.

A year ago the total developed and partly developed ore reserves at Edie amounted to 156,000 tons, averaging slightly more than j4oz. gold, ensuring more than 4 years’ supply to the mill.

Since then two diamond drill holes have cut the Karuka vein at greater depth, the first one at 210 ft. from the surface, showing a width of 9ft. 7 inches of ore, assaying 5.2 dwts. gold and Sy 2 oz. silver, and the second at 310 ft. from the surface intersected 6ft. 5 inches of ore assaying 7.3 dwts. gold and By> ozs. silver. A third hole at greater depth was abandoned without cutting the vein; survey showed some deflection in this hole and it is possible that the vein may have steepened.

The results from the first two holes must be considered as satisfactory; and whilst it would be unsafe to calculate additional ore based on only two drill holes, yet the results hold promise that the further drilling work now being undertaken may materially increase the ore reserves.

Diamond drilling from the No. 5 level of Edie lode No. 2 in order to locate the vein beyond the fault, was seriously delayed by transport difficulties and the strike of European labour, and has only now been commenced.

Experience has shown that the cost of maintaining underground workings is considerable, retimbering alone being a heavy item; and as the ore developed and ready for extraction will supply the Edie mill for several years, we have reduced underground development work to a minimum pending progress of diamond drilling, the results from which will enable us to prepare the most economical programme of future development.

A year ago it seemed probable that the supplies of ore to the Golden Ridges Mill would by this time be practically exhausted, but developments during the year have assured further supplies.

At the Upper Ridges, drilling disclosed an area of mineralisation, the extent of which is being determined. Simultaneously underground work is being carried out and to date the manager estimates more than 20,000 tons of ore averaging 9 dwts. gold and 2 ozs. silver, with a much larger tonnage of low-grade ore. At a lower horizon, to the west of this area, ore was disclosed in cutting a path. An adit on this has now reached 155 ft., the average of the ore throughout being 8 dwts. gold and 8 ozs. silver over a width of 39 inches. The adit is being continued and a winze is being sunk, and if results are satisfactory drilling will be undertaken.

At the Golden Ridges area, lying some 650 ft. directly below the Upper Ridges, the ore which could be won by open- cut methods has been exhausted, but underground work from the shaft indicates more than 30,000 tons of ore, averaging 10 dwts. gold and 5 ozs. silver, practically the whole of which is developed and ready for extraction. Diamond drilling is being undertaken and is indicating the possible existence of a deeper ore horizon.

Further study of the Golden Peaks area, lying below the Golden Ridges, suggests that this may be turned to account, if the royality on gold is removed in favour of a tax on profits and air transport costs are lowered.

Milling at Golden Ridges continued throughout the year and in April last the new tailings retreatment plant commenced operations and is working satisfactorily, both as to capacity and gold recovery. In addition to the tailings currently produced by the mill, we have a stock of 30,000 tons of old tailings, assaying Sdwts. gold and 3 ozs. silver, for treatment in this plant . . .

Our rich virgin alluvials are now approaching exhaustion, but we still have areas of lower grade river alluvials which can be profitably worked, and to which attention is now being paid.

We also commenced Keystone drilling on a selected alluvial area in the Wau flats, but the results showed this area to be unpayable. Drilling is now proceeding on our claims in the Koranga section; occasional high values have been met, but so far these are exceptional. The depth of the alluvial, 300 ft. and more, makes drilling slow and difficult. • . .

During the past year we experienced a series of strikes by European workers. These men were engaged under individual contracts at agreed rates of pay, and in many cases were earning more than £5O monthly, the company providing furnished quarters. These strikes led us to review the employment of white labour on work performed elsewhere by natives and the result has been most satisfactory. Our mining operations over a period of years have had a marked educational effect on the natives, who exhibit a high degree of intelligence and in our experience are capable of being more extensively employed in all phases of mining and milling operations.

Restrictions on the use of natives in our mining operations are now being removed and we hope that if we are satisfied of their competency, our natives will be allowed, under adequate supervision, to carry out work which is permitted to natives in other mining fields.

No relief from taxation has yet been afforded us, but our representations made a year ago to the Administrator are now before the Minister, by whom I am assured they will receive consideration.

The matter now becomes more urgent in view of the recent official announcement indicating that the building by the Administration of the road from the coast to the goldfield will be abandoned.

When our predecessors commenced work on our properties there was no royalty on gold or other taxation. Subsequently a royalty of 1 per cent, was imposed on the gold won with the object, we were informed, of building a road to the goldfield; by stages this royalty was increased to 5 per cent, and an import duty on machinery was imposed in addition to high lease rents. A survey of the road was put in hand and some other work undertaken, but evidently the scheme will now be abandoned. Meantime our contributions to the Administration have amounted to more than £160,000, compared with £336,000 distributed to shareholders as dividends. There may be justification to claim a return of those contributions; there is certainly justification for our request that we should now be relieved from this burden.

Gold mining in Australia is free from taxation and New Guinea, under the terms of the Mandate, must be regarded as part of Australia. We do not seek, however, to avoid contribution to the revenue of the Mandated Territory, but we ask that this be borne equally from the profits of all industries there, affording all gold producers a necessary reduction. At the same time we ask that our overseas investors, who subscribed £1,000,000 for the development of our properties and who, in addition to sharing this burden of local taxation, have had to pay up to 25 per cent, in English income tax, may receive consideration and that our contributions towards the cost of administration should be by way of an inclusive profits or dividend tax, thus permitting our overseas shareholders to obtain in England, a measure of relief from dual taxation under the provisions of the Colonial Tax Relief Act.

A year ago I referred to certain negotiations then in progress for air transport at lower rates, and I am pleased to inform you that we have placed contracts for our air transport during the ensuing year at an average rate of a fraction over two pence per lb., or about £2O per ton over the distance of 33 miles from the coast. This represents a welcome reduction in our most important item of expense, which amounted last year to nearly £50,000. That these rates of air freight are remunerative is shown by the advent of other air services in the field, and our new contracts provide for the introduction of further heavy type aeroplanes to meet our transport requirements.

Only by fostering free competition over a period of years have air rates been reduced to the present level, with benefit not only to us but to the whole goldfields community, and we have reason to believe that the introduction of modern high efficiency aeroplanes with low operating cost, of the special type largely used in other mining fields of the world, will further reduce rates.

My colleagues join me in thanking our General Manager, Mr. de Lautour, and his staff for their loyal and energetic services.

Mr. Blaikie Webster made four statements of public interest: (a) Ninety-five per cent, of the silver in certain ore bodies could be recovered, but the high cost of carrying by air the re-agents necessary for the process made this recovery impracticable. (b) The working of the ore of Golden Peaks, near Golden Ridg<es, might be profitable if the Administration abandoned its system of taxing the industry by imposing a royalty on gold, and placed a tax on profits instead; and also if air transport costs were lowered. (c) The Company had made urgent representations to the Cjtnmonwealth Government because it had been officially indicated that the Administration proposed to abandon the plan of building a road from the coast to the goldfield. (d) It is demanded that the system of imposing a royalty on gold be abandoned and that a system of taxing profits be substituted.

It will be surprising if the Administration of New Guinea, or the Federal Government, give really serious consideration to these representations. New Guinea Goldfields Limited, and the Mining Trust (which controls N.G.G. Ltd.) have not been fortunate in securing the goodwill of governments. At this moment, Mr. Blaikie Webster, as the representative of the Mining Trust, appears to be engaged in arguments with the Governments of Commonwealth, of Queensland,

(Continued On Page 74)

8 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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New Shipping Law Disturbs New Guinea and Papua Unexplained Haste by Federal Authority Causes Resentment C CONSIDERABLE disturbance of public ■* opinion in New Guinea and Papua has been caused by the introduction in the Legislative Councils of both Territories of ordinances containing new provisions for the regulation of shipping in those Territories. The ordinances appear to have been drafted in Canberra and introduced into the two Councils with instructions from Canberra that they must be passed in toto and with no delay.

As there is in each Council a majority of official members, these instructions have been carried out. The ordinances have been passed and await merely the ratification of the Commonwealth Government.

The ordinances have been the subject of violent protests in both Councils by the non-official members. In both cases, the latter objected strongly to being “merely a rubber stamp for the Commonwealth Government.” In the case of New Guinea, Mr. J. C. Mullaly, who is president of the Planters’ Association, resigned from the Council.

Very strong protests against the nature of the ordinances and the manner in which they were introduced and forced through the Councils have been sent from both Territories to the Commonwealth Government and to the Australian newspapers.

Indications, however, are that the ordinances will become law and operate forthwith.

The new law provides that overseas shipping may not trade along the coasts of the Territories, but may call at the main customs ports; and trading along the coasts generally may be carried on only by local shipping—that is, shipping operating within the Territory. The Administrators are given the power to regulate fares and freights charged by the local sh pping, and they may in special circumstances license oversea vessels to engage in coastwise trading.

The new law affects particularly the vessels of Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., which run from Australian ports, and the vessels of the Norddeutscher Lloyd Company, which run from Hong Kong to New Guinea and Solomon Islands ports and back to Hong Kong. These vessels are now to be prevented from calling at any except the main customs ports.

Papua is not directly affected by the new law; but in the case of New Guinea a considerable re-arrangement of transport services becomes necessary. There has been keen competition between the N.D.L. steamers and the vessels of the big Australian trading firms—Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. and Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd. The Germans literally went anywhere, and bought and sold anything: and many New Guinea planters contend that as a result of this they got higher prices for their copra and bought necessary goods at lower rates.

Feeling in New Guinea is high and bitter. There is some indication that this sudden and drastic action by the Commonwealth Government is the outcome of considerations which affect Empire unity and defence, and which cannot be publicly discussed. The New Guinea people, however, have been stirred by the argument that the new law. by delimiting the German competition, gives a special advantage to the two b’g Australian firms, whose interests in New Guinea now are so powerful that, it is contended, they may impose whatever conditions they please. The fierce opposition of the New Guinea people apparently is evidence of their belief that the Commonwealth Government “is playing the game of the big financial and commercial interests.”

The first rumour of the new ordinance reached Rabaui on February 26. On February 27 the ordinance was introduced without warning, and opposed by all except one of the non-official members. On February 28, it was passed through all stages. Messrs. Mullaly, Grose, Pratt and Neal left the session of the Council as a protest against the way in which the measure was being forced through. Mr.

Mullaly subsequently resigned.

The new ordinance was introduced in the Legislative Council of Papua, at Port Moresby, on March 12. It was strongly opposed by the non-official members; and when it was seen that it would be forced through by the official members, the nonofficial members left the chamber as a protest.

Many protests from both Territories against the ordinance and the circumstances of its passing have reached us.

We also have received from interests, representing the big firms who have been attacked, certain material in support and defence of the ordinance. The arguments tor and against are set out hereunder.

It is useless to comment —the thing is fait accompli. We are bound to say, however, that the method of introducing and passing this measure is extraordinary. Mr.

Mullaly in New Guinea was justified in saying that “it would be warranted only by a state of grave national emergency.”

Does a grave national emergency exist?

For The Bill

The Australian Minister for Territories says that the bill is the first necessary step in a general reorganisation of Territories’ affairs.

The bill will establish in New Guinea the same conditions as now obtain in other parts of the British Empire. Oversea ships in other Islands Territories cannot trade between other than the main customs ports.

The N.D.L. ships are not shut out of New Guinea. There is nothing to prevent the N.D.L. interests putting on another vessel to trade within New Guinea as at present—only it must not run to Hong Kong, but must connect with the Hong Kong steamer, in the manner that is followed now by the inter-island vessels of the big Australian trading firms, which connect with the Australian steamers.

The maintenance of efficient inter-island services is essential for the development of the Territory—and those services, which connote the establishment of suitable wharves and stores, cannot be profitably continued under the kind of competition introduced by the N.D.L. line.

The Administrator will protect planters and traders by fixing inter-island fares and freights—and, if necessary, give a license to oversea ships to trade between the small ports.

Against The Bill

As a result of competiticn provided by the N.D.L. interests New Guinea planters have secured advantages equal to £2 or £3 per ton on their copra.

The German ships provided New Guinea planters with direct shipment to one of the profitable European copra markets.

They gave a better price in itself and, by picking up copra at the plantations, they saved the planter the freight represented by inter-island shipment.

The removal of this competition will compel the planter to take whatever prices the big Australian firms may fix in consultation, and also will not give the planter the same chance to buy his household goods in a cheap market. Peculiar conditions which exist in New Guinea make it absolutely imperative that there shall be freedom of trade and competition.

The Administrator may have the right to fix fares and freights; but the Administrator can do nothing, if competition is removed, to save the planter from possible exploitation by the big firms.

The Legislative Council, in 1934, by a unanimous vote of both official and nonofficial members asked the Commonwealth Government to refrain from interference with New Guinea shipping. Yet the official members on this occasion, without adequate explanation, voted to interfere grievously with shipping.

The introduction of the bill without warning is directly contrary to assurances previously given by the Government.

The bill is opposed in New Guinea by both the Planters’ Association and the Returned Soldiers’ Association.

There is a strong feeling in Papua against “bills drafted by a unknown person in a Government office in Canberra and sent up here to be passed by an obedient majority.”

The commentators in Papua also say that “if this power is to be exercised by the Minister, then the Legislative Council might as well be abolished.”

Rev. M. Prater, a Presbyterian missionary in the New Hebrides, and Mrs.

Prater were spending furlough at Cowes, Victoria, early in March. They will return to the mission field by the Morinda from Sydney on April 2. Their son. Dr.

A. S. Prater, is also a missionary in the Condominium, being stationed at Vila. 9 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

“Montoro” Aground

At Brisbane

“Macdhui” Takes over Cargo and Passengers WHILE swinging off Dalgety’s wharf, Brisbane, on February 28, the Burns, Philp Islands steamer Montoro, en route to Papua and New Guinea, grounded in the Brisbane River.

She was placed in dry dock and examined by Mr. A. Corrigham, Assistant Superintendent Engineer of Messrs, Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd. It was revealed that the rudder blade was damaged, being bent about Ip degrees at top and 40 degrees at bottom.

On her arrival in Sydney from the northern islands on March 5, the Macdhui was hastily reprovisioned, and two days later, on March 7, departed for Queensland to pick up the Montoro’s passengers, mails, and cargo. She reached Brisbane on March 9, and cleared for Papua and New Guinea the following day with most of the Montoro’s passengers. She was to adhere to the latter’s timetable—but will run several days late at each port.

Passengers for Port Moresby direct were taken aboard the B.P. vessel Marella on March 10, and were landed in Papua a few days later. The Marella then continued her voyage to the East.

The damaged Montoro was repaired at South Brisbane dry dock, and came to Sydney on March 15. It is planned to get her away again on March 19 —the date the Macdhui should have sailed.

Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., were congratulated by various interests concerned on the rapidity with which they made rearrangements for the continuation of this essential Islands service following the accident.

The Montoro has been unlucky lately.

She was ashore at Fortification Point, 18 miles north of Finschafen, on the New Guinea mainland, in August, 1934, and was laid aside for a time while the Mataram carried on the service.

New Road Around

VITI LEVU Progress of Rewa Bridge From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, February 27.

VyORK on the Sigatoka Road and the Rewa Bridge is making steady progress, says the Director of Public Works (Mr. W. Wise). A labour shortage and exceptionally wet weather have caused delays.

There is only one more ridge to cut through before the Sigatoka road will be on to the Navua flats, where the going will be comparatively easy. There are three road-building units and a big bridging gang at work. Of the 62 bridges on the road when completed, 21 (some of them large) have been finished, and six are under construction.

When this is completed, the road will extend right round Viti Levu, and will constitute a great tourist attraction. The visitor will be able to go right round, from Suva to Suva, without duplicating any of the route.

Good progress is also being made with the bridge over the Rewa River. Five of the 12 spans have been completed.

The work is more than half finished, as two additional piers are practically complete and another is under way. All materials have now arrived from England.

Difficulty has been experienced in the sinking of some of the caissons, due to encountering a layer of soft clay half way across the river. To meet this, the cylinders have had to be carried deeper than anticipated, in some cases about 80 feet below the water level.

Mr. A. E. Barker, Secretary to the Methodist Mission in Fiji, was a passenger for Suva by the Monterey from Sydney early in February.

Pacific Missions

Conference in Sydney Next Year T'HE National Missionary Council of Australia has decided to convene a Pacific Conference in Sydney in April, 1937.

It is expected that representatives of the various mission bodies in the South Seas will attend.

Problems connected with Pacific Islands natives and the Australian aborigines will be discussed.

The Mission Board of the Methodist Society resolved at the Annual Meeting held in February to co-operate in every possible way with the Council.

Mr. Jack Hides

t>Y the March Macdhui, Mr. Jack Hides, A.R.M. in the Papuan service, arrived in Sydney on three months’ sick leave. Mr.

Hides returned to Port Moresby in December; and in January he was one of a Papuan official party which, in a Guinea Airways Junker machine, made a reconnaissance flight from Mt. Hagen, in the Mandated Territory, southwards over unknown Papua. The flight is described on page 39 of this issue.

From the Mandated Territory, Mr. Hides proceeded to Samarai and thence returned to his own station, on Misima Island. By this time, he had suffered a severe return of the malady which he contracted last year on the north-west patrol. Mr. Rentoul, R.M., ordered him back to Samarai, and the medical officer there said he must have three months’ sick leave, with quietness and rest.

Mr. A. T. Day, chairman of directors of Aloha Central Gold Mine N.L., arrived in Sydney from Fiji by the Mariposa on February 21, after making an inspection of the Aloha Central property at Tavua.

The Minister And The

NATIVES AN incident at Manus, New Guinea, during the tour of the Australian Minister, Sir George Pearce, shows how officialdom can blunder.

The ship came in, and the population, European and native, assembled at the wharf to meet the Minister.

Sir George landed; ignored a group of half a dozen planters who were standing, respectfully waiting: and walked immediately across to the natives, where he proceeded to shake hands with the luluais and tultuls.

It was done in ignorance, no doubt; but the planters were very angry. They have difficulty enough, as it is, in maintaining the proper relationship between Europeans and natives; yet the important official personage ignored them, and went at once to greet the natives. The distinction made was not lost upon the chiefs.

Some time later, when it was announced that “the Minister would be glad to meet the planters,” the indignant planters declined to call upon him.

Mr. H. E. Woodman, Assistant District Officer in the New Guinea Service, returned to Rabaul by the Macdhui from Brisbane on March 10. after spending leave in New South Wales.

Dentist, Ex-Miner

The subject of this sketch, Eric Weine, needs no introduction to the people of New Guinea and Papua—he has practised dentistry for several years, and has worked hard in the mouths of many of them.

He has, on occasion, become weary of the forceps and the drill, and has gone off over the ranges after the elusive yellow metal; and he has had his share of luck, good and bad.

At present, he is dentist, exminer. To-morrow, if the gods decree, he may be miner, exdentist. His chief hobby is fishing—and it is an art in which he excels. 10 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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TROPICALITIES THE film, “Mutiny on the Bounty,” based on the book by Messrs. Nordhoff and Hall, of Tahiti, has been drawing “capacity houses” in Sydney all the month. From the box-office viewpoint, it is 100 per cent, a winner. As entertainment, it is magnificent. Laughton (as Bligh) gives a superb ■ performance: and Clark Gable (Fletcher Christian) and Franchot Tone have done a job that places them in the front rank of screendom.

As a contribution to history, the film is worthless, because the producers, in certain important directions, have departed from the historical accuracy which Nordhoff and Hall so carefully preserved.

Christian is shown escaping from Tahiti in the Bounty just one leap ahead of the pursuing Pandora. Actually, the Bounty had sailed away into the unknown long before the Pandora reached Tahiti. Bligh is shown, in command of the Pandora, screaming across the eastern seas in search of Christian. Bligh was never on the Pandora. Bligh is made a prominent figure at the court-martial of the mutineers who were found by the Pandora in Tahiti. Actually. Bligh never appeared at the court-martial.

It is a pity: but film-producers can do these things nowadays without check.

They have no regard whatever for popular education or instruction —history, art, patriotism, everything that matters, is prostituted to box-office considerations. A recent, amusing satire put it this way: Cecil B. de Mille, Sorely against his will.

Was persuaded to leave Moses Out of the Wars of the Roses. * * * MR. Hakon Mielche, who will be remembered as the talented artist and writer who accompanied the Danish scientific expedition in the South Seas in 1934 (when they were wrecked in the Santa Cruz Islands), had intended to visit New Guinea this year. He now writes from Denmark to the Pacific Islands Monthly, that he has been ordered by his publishers to go to South America instead, and may visit Australia and New Guinea in a year or two hence.

“But by that time,” adds Mr. Mielche, “Mr. Jack Hides possibly will have explored every bit of the interior, and there will be nothing worth while writing about!” It would appear that the fame of Mr. Hides has spread very far indeed.

Mr. Mielche will circumnavigate South America—passing down the eastern coast, spending several months in and about the Magellan Strait and Tierra del Fuego, and then visiting Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama. • • • /~)NE has often read of the telepathic powers of New Guinea natives. Here is a recent authentic case from Fiji, which will take some explaining.

On February 15, the Government motor vessel Derek was wrecked on the island of Komo, in Southern Lau. The Derek carried no wireless, and there is no radio station in the vicinity. Therefore, the only communication is by cutter. The first to reach Suva from Komo after the mishap was the cutter Tui Yunilagi, which brought the castaways from the ship on February 25.

On Monday, the 17th, two days after the stranding, there was a strong and persistent rumour “on the beach” that the Derek had been wrecked. Inquiries of the Harbourmaster’s office elicited the Information that there was no means by which the news could have come in from Lau, and a similar inquiry at the office of the Public Works Department, which controls the Derek, drew a similar answer, an official going so far as to say that the department had heard the rumour and had tried to trace it. They could not confirm it because, so far as they could ascertain, there had been absolutely no communication with Lau.

Residents said, “beach rumour,” in a disgusted tone, and let the matter drop.

For once, however, rumour was right, and, ten days after the wreck, the crew arrived in Suva by cutter, which vessel also carries no radio.

How did the news get to Suva on the 17th? * * « A SERIES of 100 lectures is now being given throughout Germany, to arouse a public demand for the return of the former German colonies. The newspapers say that the lecturer is Major Schnoeckel, of the Nazi Colonial Department of Berlin University. Evidently, he is identical with Major Paul Schnoeckel, who, in June, 1933, wrote to the Pacific Islands Monthly and made a remarkable appeal to British people in the South Seas to try and bring about a better relationship between Germany and Britain. * • * IN the film, “Mutiny on the Bounty,”

Bligh is presented as a peculiarly unattractive character —a harsh, cruel, meanspirited tyrant, without a single redeeming feature. We get only a glimpse of Bligh in the famous open-boat voyage, wherein he displayed amazing courage and seamanship; and it is not surprising that, at the end of the film, the women of the audience are literally sitting up and spitting at the monster that is created by Laughton’s genius. Many people have rushed into print to say that Bligh was not so bad as he is painted here—one writer, Dr. Mackaness, of Sydney University, even insists that Bligh was quite a charming person.

This is a revival of an ancient argument.

There is much to be said on both sides.

The man who drove the Bounty crew into mutiny and, later, when Governor of New South Wales, caused the garrison to rise in revolt and ship him away, must have had some particularly hateful qualities. But Laughton’s' presentation is historically useless because he persistently shows Bligh as a commander ruled wholly by a mad passion for revenge, indulging an insane lust for inflicting pain in retaliation for suspected resentment of his authority. That is inaccurate. Bligh was so bad that his memory deserves approbrium —but he was not as bad as that. * ♦ * .

MANY people still remember the clever and diplomatic way in which the Lanati rebellion in Western Samoa in 1908 was handled by Dr. Solf (German Governor of the Territory), whose death has just been announced. He spoke the Samoan language well, and understood Samoan psychology. The friendships he made during his Governorship, 1900-1910, endured during his lifetime —he kept up a correspondence with residents of Samoa until recently. His daughter, born in Samoa, was given a Samoan name. • • • announcement of his appointment ■*- to the Governorship of Fiji reached Sir Arthur Richards on his birthday, February 21. Sir Arthur, whose appointment is referred to on page 54 of this issue, became Governor of British North Borneo in 1930, and Governor of Gambia in 1933.

He received the C.M.G. in 1933, and was raised to K.C.M.G. in 1935. He is a married man with one son and one daughter. * * * IN January we published an inquiry, from America, for the address of the “Tin-Can Mailman”—Mr. Ramsay, who used to swim the mail between ship and shore, in the Tongan Islands. Mr. W.

Candler, South Seas traveller for Messrs.

Gillespie Bros. Ltd., reports that Mr. Ramsay is now a resident of Pago Pago, American Samoa. 11 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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About Islands People

Mr. Newman Pusey has been appointed by Amalgamated Wireless (A’siaj Ltd., as acting offlcer-in-charge of Thursday Island radio station, in place of Mr. A.

C. Baker, who recently died in Townsville, Queensland.

Mr. V. Edgar, of the District Services Department of the N.G. Administration, recently married Miss Jessica Kirkland, of the Salamaua Hotel. They will make their home at Sandy Creek.

Rev. and Mrs. J. R. Andrews, of the Methodist Missionary Society in Papua, are at present spending furlough in South Australia. Since 1933 they have been living on the small island of Dobu (about 70 miles from Samarai) where Mrs.

Andrews is the only white woman.

Mrs. Alice Geake, aged 79, and late of Bay of Islands, N.Z., died in Rarotonga on February 15. She was for many years connected with the Sydney Technical Institute as a teacher and lecturer, and she went to live in Rarotonga in October. It is understood that several local bequests are included in her will, one beneficiary being the Rarotonga Child Welfare Association.

Mr. Basil G. Challis, of the Department of Agriculture, Rabaul, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney with his wife by the Macdhui on March 5. Mrs. Challis told how housekeeping in New Guinea can be both interesting and amusing. When she was entertaining at dinner one night, her native brought in tea served in coffee cups because the coffee had “run out.”

Her friends had even worse treatment, for their boy served soup in champagne glasses. It was no good saying the boys might have a garment when it was torn, said Mrs. Challis, because they would promptly put tears in other garments.

Mr. E. J. Riches, a New Zealand officer in the International Labour Office of the League of Nations at Geneva, will shortly arrive in Western Samoa. He has been sent to gather data and statistics regarding the conditions of the plantation (coolie) labour.

Mr. W. T. Hull arrived at Thursday Island recently on transfer from Perth, Western Australia, to be manager of the T.I. branch of the National Bank of Australasia. Mr. A. W. Loutit, who has been bank manager for three years, left Thursday Island on a tour of the Orient before returning South for further duty.

David Mone, a Tongan teacher, arrived in Sydney by the Aorangi on February 21 to deliver addresses and preach in various Australian centres on behalf of the Methodist Missionary Society. He is at present in South Australia.

Mr. and Mrs. S. West Newman returned to Thursday Island in February after visiting England. Mr. Newman is manager of the Port Kennedy Engineering Works.

Dr. C. N. Dawson, who was formerly Chief Medical Officer of Tonga and who now is in private practice in Western Samoa, sailed from Auckland, N.Z., where he spent two months’ vacation, by the February Monterey. At Suva, Fiji, he transferred to a cargo steamer for Apia.

Mr. and Mrs. Charles C. Curtis, the owners of Mahina plantation and ardent supporters of every form of sport, left Tahiti for Europe by the Stella Polaris on February 16. They expect to be absent for nearly a year.

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Room Only Rate, 5/- per day. Meals a la carte. Accommodation for 100 guests. One minute from G.P.O. 127 PHILLIP ST. Tel.: BW 27M Next door to Martin Place Sydney Mr. William Dee, of the Department of Public Health in New Guinea, married Miss Annie Gladys Tyler, of Melbourne, at St George’s Church, Rabaul, on February 12. Rev. R. de Voii; of the Melanesian Mission, performed the ceremony.

Mr. Grainger Smith has been appointed as head teacher on Murray Island in Torres Strait. He has already taken up duties on the island, which is about 120 miles from Thursday Island and very close to the Great Barrier Reef.

Mr. Vincent Young, of Pitcairn Island, a direct descendant of Midshipman Edward Young of H.M.S. Bounty (who, with Fletcher Christian, led the mutineers), arrived in Wellington, New Zealand, in February. He will undergo theological training at Longburn Missionary College, and will then return to Pitcairn Island.

Mr. and Mrs. J. Widdup, of Bougainville, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney by the Malaita on February 13. For many years Mr. Widdup has had charge of A.W.A.’s wireless station at Kieta.

Rev. J. W. Burton, General Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia, left Sydney for America, en route to England, by the Mariposa on March 4. He was accompanied by Mrs.

Burton and their daughter Ruth. During Mr. Burton’s absence, Mr. J. W. Kitto, former Deputy Postmaster General for New South Wales, will be Acting General Secretary.

Mr. Neil Campbell Elliott, son of the late Brigadier-General Harold (“Pompey”) Elliott, sailed from Sydney for Rabaul, New Guinea, by the Montoro on February 26. Mr. Elliott, who was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne, has been accepted by the N.G. Administration as a cadet in the District Services Department. His father was a distinguished soldier, who fought in the Boer and Great Wars, being with the Australian forces at Gallipoli.

Mr. Oscar G. Nordman, who for many years sailed across the Pacific between Sydney and ’Frisco as a member of the stewards’ staff of the Matson liners Sierra, Sonoma and Ventura, is now settled down in Papeete as the proprietor of the Oceanic Market. His specialty is the sale of groceries, dairy products, fresh meat, fruits, etc., to the population of Tahiti. He makes a specialty of provisioning yachts. Mr. Nordman, who sends through us kindest regards to old Pacific friends, seems to be the right man in the right place.

Rev. Jonathan Meleke Fonua, a young Tongan Methodist missionary, has accepted the offer of the Board of Missions to an appointment in Papua. He will spend several months in Australia on deputation work before taking up his new position in Melanesia.

Mr. Lester N. Lock, son of Pastor W.

N. Lock, superintendent of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission at Port Moresby, Papua, arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui on March 5. Shortly before he left Papua, he made an adventurous trip in the ketch Diari to Woodlark Island with a cargo of medical and religious books.

Twice the boat touched reefs oft Fergusson Island, and was lucky to escape disaster. On the return voyage to Pt.

Moresby, he reached the mainland after passing through a severe gale lasting 10 days. Then the engine failed and the Diari had to make for the shelter of Suau Island, South-eastern Papua.

Right Rev. Leonard S. Kempthorne, M.A. (Anglican Bishop in Polynesia) returned to Suva, Fiji, by the Stella Polaris from Western Samoa on February 24, after a visit to England and America.

Mr. C. B. Tarlinton, of Cobargo, N.S.W., left Sydney for New Guinea by the Montoro on February 26. He has been transferred to the branch of the Bank of New South Wales at Salamaua.

Mr. G. Sharood, manager of the Tahiti branch of Messrs. A. B. Donald Ltd., returned to Papeete by the Makura recently 13 Pacific islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Rev. Guy H. Darke, L.Th., Acting Superintendent of the Anglican Mission on Moa Island, Torres Strait, has announced his engagement to Miss Joan Hennessey, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Hennessey, of Thursday Island.

Dr. A. P. Elkin, Professor of Anthropology at the Sydney University and Director of Anthropological Research of the Australian National Research Council, will leave Sydney for Hawaii by the Mariposa on June 24 to attend a conference on the Education of Pacific Races, to be held in Honolulu between June and August.

Rev. and Mrs. C. W. Light, of the New Guinea Mission, arrived in Sydney after furlough in England by the Orion on February 27. They left for Boianai, Papua, by the March Macdhui.

Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Martin departed from Fiji by the Aorangi on February 13.

Mr. Martin has been in business as a saddler in Suva for many years, but recently disposed of his firm in order to leave the Colony for reasons of health.

Mr. David Philip Parry, of Suva, Fiji, married Miss Elizabeth Rosa Martin, of Wellington, N.Z., at the Holy Trinity Pro- Cathedral, Suva, on February 13. The Venerable Archdeacon Harris performed the ceremony.

Senator Sir George Pearce, Minister in Charge of Islands Territories, made a special visit to Geelong, Victoria, on March 6 to inspect the instructional work carried out by a party of Nauruan Scouts who have been undergoing vocational training courses conducted by Mr.

H. E. Hirst, County Scout Commissioner of Victoria. The . Nauruans, who attracted much attention by their pleasant appearance and good behaviour, will return to Nauru on March 20.

Mr. John William Mackay, of the Marine Service of Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited, died suddenly at Leura, N.S.W., on February 29, at the age of 47. He was one of the wireless pioneers of Australia. Arriving in Sydney in 1913 as radio officer on the steamer Anchises, he joined A.W.A., which was then laying the foundations of a wireless service for the Australian mercantile marine. He served in various Pacific Islands, and had returned only a month previously from a four years’ sojourn in the Gilbert Islands, where he was radio operator at Butaritari, and later on board On Chong and Co.’s inter-island steamer Macquarie.

Mrs. Jane Gray, a very old resident of Fiji, died at Suva on February 24, at the age of 85. Born in London, she went to Levuka in 1885. Her husband, Mr.

Alex. Gray, an accountant, predeceased her in 1912.

Rev. John Jackson, V.D., of Suva, Fiji, died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital on February 21, aged 80. A Scotsman, Mr. Jackson went to Fiji from Australia in 1914 as Presbyterian minister of St. Andrew’s Church, serving for three years before returning to Australia. In 1925 he again went to Suva to take up duties with the Presbyterian Church.

Retiring in 1928, he settled at Navua and resided there until a few years ago, when he went to live in Suva, Mr. A. J. Marshall, of Sydney, is at present in the north-east corner of Dutch New Guinea, making arrangements in advance on behalf of the Oxford Expedition, which is to carry out exploration work in Dutch New Guinea in 1937. Mr. Marshall left Aitape, in the Mandated Territory some time ago, and, he says, “bartered his way from village to village, obtaining food and carriers where he could.”

Dr. jur Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr, representative of the East Asiatic Company, of Hamburg and Bremen, died suddenly on board the steamer Stuttgart, en route from Singapore to Europe, on January 31. He was 55 years of age.

For 14 years, he had been with the East Asiatic Co., and represented other German interests in Asia.

Mr. E. Gumbley, a mining engineer who had been in New Guinea since March last year, died in the European Hospital at Wau on February 19. The cause of his death was “Japanese river fever” and pneumonia, contracted while he was prospecting on the Bulolo flats.

For a time Mr. Gumbley was connected with Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd.

Mr. S. H. Ellis, well-known barrister of Suva, is at present on an extended holiday in Australia with his wife and children. Early in March they spent several weeks at Lapstone, in the Blue Mountains, where they met Mr. Brooke Francis, of Northern Rhodesia, who was formerly a resident of Fiji. Mr. Ellis and his family will return to Suva in April. 14 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Fiji Pineapples

Industry Shows Life Again THE pineapple industry of Fiji is taking a new lease of life, and yet may flourish.

It was reported by the Fiji Times early in February that, by the Niagara and the following steamer, Mr. McCown, of the Wai-ni-Loka cannery, Ovalau, would ship 1,000 cases of pineapple crush to Canada, where it will be used in the manufacture of various commodities. Mr. McCown has a very up-to-date plant and is even manufacturing his own tins.

An effort to establish pineapple production and canning on a big scale was made in Fiji in 1930-32, but the depression killed the enterprise. There now should be a good chance to revive it.

Stay Too Short In Tahiti

From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 17.

THE Stella Polaris, luxurious Norwegian passenger yacht, arrived early on February 15, and left again before dawn on the 16th for Samoa, Fiji, and other places in the Western Pacific. She brought eight passengers for Tahiti and carried over a hundred others for a round-the-world trip.

Although many complaints were heard among the passengers regarding the shortness of the stay in such an interesting place as Tahiti, they were fortunate — considering the time of year—in finding such beautiful weather. Thanks to this the whole party were able to make a complete circuit of the main island, and also found time for shopping and sight-seeing around Papeete. Most of them returned on board just in time for sailing at 3 a.m. after a hectic night at Quinn’s cabaret and the La Fayette Hotel, a popular night resort about four miles from town in the Arue district.

After calling at many ports in the East Indies the Stella Polaris will cross the Indian Ocean to Madagascar and Durban and will then proceed to Cadiz in Spain, where she is due on May 6. This will end the scheduled part of the cruise, after which the passengers will find their way home by any route of their choice. The cruises of the Stella Polaris —of which this is the fourth to visit Tahiti —are sponsored by the Raymond Whitcombe Co. of New York.

American Party to Study South Seas SCIENTISTS, writers, travellers, and students are represented in a party of 18 Americans who left San Francisco recently in the three-masted auxiliary yacht Exalted to study natives in seven South Sea Island Groups, including Hawaii, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Pitcairn Island, and Easter Island.

Included on board are Dr. Bernard Jensen, of Oakland, organiser of the cruise; Captain Oscar W. Schwarz, of the U.S.

Navy Department, who will cover the meteorological and hydrographic work; Mrs. Edith Shelton and Miss B. M. Harcourt, well-known American magazine writers; and Messrs. Robert McCarthy, William Hamilton, and Emil Jensen, graduates of California University.

The 132 ft. Exalted has a beam of 26ft., and was fitted at Seattle with Diesel engines giving her a cruising range of 10,000 miles without refuelling. She carries a crew of 10, under Captain Charles A. Watts, of Oakland. 15 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

THANK 101 ! 7 those who sent Stamps, we trust and believe you are satisfied with what we paid you for them, and we shall endeavor to please you in our future dealings.

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Acid in Your Blood Kills Health and Energy Kidneys Usually to Blame Nothing can so quickly midermine your health, strength, and energy as an excess of Acid in your blood. Every time you move your hand, take a step, or use even the slightest amount of energy, cells are broken down in the body and create Acids. This process goes on even when you are asleep.

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Insolent Servants

Problem in New Guinea 1T was urged in the issue of this journal -I of February 21 that the Administration of New Guinea should take notice of the discontent that is growing there in relation to the maintenance of discipline among native servants. It was emphasised that the tolerance insisted upon by the Administrative officials (as a result of their reading of the Mandate) was accepted by the natives as weakness; with the result that the insolence and arrogance of the Europeanised natives are becoming intolerable, and most certainly will lead to serious trouble.

It is therefore interesting to note that in the Rabaul Times of February 14, Mr.

Gordon Thomas has published an outspoken article on exactly the same subject, and adopted almost exactly the same line of argument. But where we dealt only in generalities, Mr. Thomas gives details and actual instances; and the Administration will be a very strange Administration indeed if it can ignore his article, which is moderate in tone, but irresistible in its conclusions.

“Southern Cross Vii.”

Additions to Melanesian Mission’s Vessel.

THE fine little motor vessel of the Melanesian Mission, Southern Cross VII., has been in Sydney since December last. She was brought down from the the Solomon Islands by Captain R. A.

Williams for a partial survey, and her engines have been examined and completely overhauled.

Several structural alterations and additions have been made. The boat deck has been extended right aft, and two additional cabins have been built on the upper deck— one of four berths will be for the use of native priests being transported to and from the Mission’s schools. The other, a smaller one, containing two bunks, is for white women workers, chiefly nurses.

Extra fresh water tanks have also been installed.

It is interesting to note that special accommodation has been added for nurses.

Splendid medical work is being carried out in Melanesia by the Mission’s qualified workers. At almost every place visited by the Bishop while travelling on board the Southern Cross VII., a trained nurse goes ashore to carry out necessary work among the natives and their children. At hundreds of isolated villages in the Solomons and New Hebrides the seeds of Christianity have blossomed through the tender and magnificent work done by Mission Sisters.

The Southern Cross VII. will leave Australia at the end of March on her return to the Solomon Islands, taking with her nearly a year’s supply of fuel oil.

Fiji Copra Prospects From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, February 27.

JpROSPECTS of a good copra crop in A Taveuni and Northern Lau this year are bright according to Major C. B.

Joske, who recently visited those areas.

The trees in both Taveuni and Northern Lau appeared particularly healthy, and carried large clusters of nuts. Planters on the whole were optimistic.

Major Joske said that the recent rise in copra prices in London had * inspired a degree of confidence which he thought was justified. He felt that a slow rise was to be preferred to a sudden increase in price, and difficult as it was to prophesy as to the future in the present disturbed state of Europe, he thought coconut planters might base their estimates for 1936 on copra rising to £l6 or £l7 a ton on the London market.

The principal difficulty ahead of planters at the present time is a threatened shortage of labour, due largely to the large number of Fijians employed on the goldfields and on new road construction.

The former factor was difficult to estimate at present, but the latter was a disappearing one.

Rabaul’S Museum

From a Special Correspondent.

RABAUL, Feb. 20.

THE Museum in Rabaul is gradually becoming an institution worthy of recognition.

Many new exhibits have recently been added to the already interesting and informative collection. Each exhibit is tabulated into set districts, by which method it is easy to ascertain which tribe of natives use the article. 16 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Kurukuru Grass

Progress of Plan to Make Paper Pulp AN investigation of the value of Kurukuru (Kunai) Grass, for use in the manufacture of paper pulp, is proceeding in Papua and New Guinea.

The present enterprise is the result of conclusions reached by the Commonwealth Hemp Corporation Ltd., an Australian concern, formed to produce sisal hemp in Papua. The corporation became interested in kurukuru grass, of which there are large quantities on the mainland of New Guinea. Research on samples was carried out by the British Imperial Institute, and by paper-making experts in England and Scotland: and it was proved that, from kurukuru, paper-pulp of very high quality can be made.

The only comparable raw material is the famous esparto grass, of Spain and Algeria.

Experts who customarily handle esparto grass have said that they can make highgrade writing and printing paper from kurukuru pulp. It is said that, owing to the abundance of cheap labour and suitable water in New Guinea, pulp mills can be operated profitably there, and the kurukuru pulp shipped to the world’s market.

In the case of esparto, owing to the comparative dryness of Spain and Algeria, the esparto grass itself has to be shipped, for pulping (mostly in Britain). It is argued that this should give kurukuru grass a transport advantage over esparto. It is said that from 2| to 3 tons of the raw material are used in making one ton of pulp.

Since the amendment of the Sago Ordinance in Papua and the granting of exclusive rights to apply for grass cutting licenses, gazetted in September, 1934, an exhaustive survey has been carried out both in Papua and New Guinea, to enable selection of areas most suitable for the production of the raw material on a commercial basis and the establishment of mills. Title has recently been issued to Fibres Limited, in regard to one area of 40 square miles at Buna, in Papua, and applications of Commonwealth Hemp Corporation Limited for finally selected areas are now under consideration in the North- Eastern Division.

In New Guinea preliminary investigations have been made regarding certain areas on the Markham River and at the present time an intensive investigation is being made in the Sepik Division. The New Guinea Land Ordinance has recently been amended to enable pending applications for suitable sites to be dealt with.

The parties involved in the operations are more or less interwoven and operating in the form of developmental companies, comprising Britigh Australian Fibre Company, Limited, which is incorporated in the Federal Capital Territory (nominal capital, £750,000). Directors, P. R. Higgins (Chairman of Standard Portland Cement Company), B. R. White (Grazier), W. J.

Fullerton (solicitor), Lyell Sly, and E. J.

Frame (local Director, Papua). (2) Fibres Limited (nominal capital, £3O 000) incorporated in Papua and in which the above Company, British Australian Fibre Co., Ltd., is a large shareholder.

The Directors are Walter Dudden Mason, of Port Moresby (engineer), Dudley Westgarth, of Sydney (solicitor), and Gerald Mussen, of Melbourne (company director). (3) Commonwealth Hemp Corporation, Ltd. (nominal capital, £50,000, registered in New South Wales). Directors; E. R.

White (grazier), Harold H. White Martindale, N.S.W. (grazier). George S. Holburn (company director), and Michaei Spiegel (company director). (4) There are also associated with the above Messrs. Raey Goodyear (Port Moresby), A. Banks (Sydney), and Johnston Tait (paper engineer), who was formerly associated with Bertrams, Ltd., of Edinburgh. , Australian investors, so far, have not been appealed to. The parties concerned are engaged in completing developmental work necessary, both in relation to the acquisition of areas and the completion of research, to satisfy the requirements of overseas capital, which will wholly be used for the establishment of this enterprise.

The latter, incidentally, involves very considerable capital outlay, as one unit of plant, with a 20,000 tons output, involves a capital of £500,000. Subject to the satisfactory completion of the developmental work it is proposed to extend the industry far beyond a single unit.

N.G. Kunai Grass Yields Six Tons to Acre From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, Feb. 21.

EXPERIMENTS are still being carried out with Kunai grass (known as Kurukuru in Papua),) which has commanded so much attention recently in the Territory owing to the high value placed on it for the manufacture of better class paper.

Recent cuttings over the grass areas have shown that about three tons of grass can be obtained from each acre twice a year—i.e.. six tons to the acre per annum.

It will be remembered that experimental areas of Kunai grass were laid out near Rabaul a short time ago to determine the growth and yield. A study was made of the length of period between harvestings, which would be most suitable for retaining the virility of the plant. 17 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Valuable Artifacts

Being Drained From Cook Islands From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONr A « A «OiO.NG.A, Feb 26.

REQIENTLY suggested, but always rejected on grounds of expense, that hardy old perennial, a local Museum, has again been brought into focus by the activities of tourist curio hunters.

For years past—in fact, ever since a retiring Resident Commissioner departed literally with a boatload of ancient stone axes and other similar impedimenta—there has been a steady exodus of irreplacable native workmanship.

Many territories have regulations specially framed to prevent the. export of such objects; others, again, insist on the shipper producing evidence of consignment to a recognised Museum. While no doubt intended to check the indiscriminate peddling of antiques, this law leaves a serious loophole insomuch as there is nothing to stop an owner “lending” his collection, only to withdraw it later for the purpose of a private sale.

Unfortunately in Rarotonga, the seemingly inexhaustible supply of small stone toki or chipping adzes does not meet the needs of souvenir-hunters, and within the past few months several really exceptional objects have been acquired by visitors at ridiculous prices. Amongst these are two hollow-ground stone axe heads, each measuring over 12 inches, and both larger than any at present in the Wellington Museum. Included, also, are a rare ceremonial axehead, much resembling a broadly made pick, and a triangularshaped greenstone battle-axe in perfect condition.

All of these are very definitely “museum pieces” and should never be allowed to leave the Island.

Just now the natives are more prone than ever to part with articles long cherished as family possessions, and the fact that they only too often ask—or accept—absurdly low prices is as much to be regretted as are the “rag and bone” propensities of those who take advantage of their ignorance or poverty.

Lucky Copra

GROWERS French Get Special Bonus and Low Freight From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 20.

THE owners of coconut plantations, and business people generally, are beginning to feel the effect of steadily increasing copra prices.

The price to the producer to-day—delivered in Papeete—is 95 centimes per kilo for bone-dry Tuamotu copra, and 5 centimes less for purely local copra, which usually is subject to a greater percentage of shrinkage than the article produced on the Low Islands. Ninety-five centimes per kilo represents nearly £lO per ton in Australian currency and at this figure a plantation of fair size can be operated at a profit.

In addition to this, it is anticipated that a considerable bonus will be paid by the Government, as was the case last year.

Local freight rates on copra are remarkably low as compared with many other islands. The charge, for instance, from Tautira to Papeete, a distance of more than 50 miles, is only 50 francs per ton (5 centimes per kilo), while schooner freight from nearby islands is even less than this. Only very remote islands pay •a rate which is at all comparable to other Groups. Growers in the Leeward Islands and the Marquesas do not now require to bring their copra to Papeete, as cargoes are now taken direct from those points by the steamers of the Messagerie Maritimes Company, on their return journey from New Caledonia to France.

Unfortunately for the local buyers of copra, the B.S. Eridan, which left here on February 14 was obliged to leave behind about 1000 tons out of the 3000 tons waiting for her on the Papeete wharf —owing, it is stated, to unexpectedly large shipments of nickel from New Caledonia. This will now have to wait for the next steamer, due to quit Papeete for Prance about April I—merchants1 —merchants meanwhile carrying the losses incidental to insurance, shrinkage, interest, and storage charges.

Mr. Donald John Warren, LL.B. (N.Z.), a member of the legal firm of Messrs, S.

H. Ellis, of Suva, was admitted as a barrister and solicitor to the Supreme Court of Fiji on February 6.

Miss Laura Much, daughter of Mrs. N.

Davidson of Apia, Samoa, died after a lingering illness at Tavistock Hospital, Lyall Bay, New Zealand, on January 26, at the age of 32. She was a well-known and popular member of Apia’s younger set. Miss Huch was a relation of the famous “Queen Emma,” of New Guinea, and of the Coe family, famous in Samoan tradition. She was related also to the Malietoa family, former kings and rulers of Samoa. 18 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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How to Get Land in New Guinea System That is “Merely a Gamble” (Contributed.) TN the remarks attributed to Hon. George H. Murray, M.L.C., New Guinea’s Director of Agriculture, in the P.I.M. of January, two theories are advanced by this gentleman, as to why investors from Australia fight shy of planting enterprises in T.N.G.

Whilst these reasons are of unquestionable influence in the manner indicated, they are trivial when compared with the difficulties attending the acquisition of land from the native owners.

Here is a resume covering the purchase of land for planting purposes in the Territory, as is in operation to-day.

Mr. “A” arrives at Rabaul, intending to secure an area of, say, 2000 acres for agricultural purposes. No person can direct Mr. “A” to any part of the country where he can be assured of getting this area.

Hence, Mr. “A” goes logically to the two offices where a stranger might find such information —the Department of Agriculture or the Department of Lands. No officers at either of these Departments can definitely state that land is available at any point in the country; but Mr. “A : ' can be advised to try the natives, say, at Bongi—on the north coast of New Britain, Accordingly, Mr. “A” proceeds to charter a schooner and gather a few stores, and ultimately arrives at his destination. His requirements are made known to the native luluai, or chief, through possibly the captain or owner of the schooner.

We assume that after ten days he has been successful in acquiring the promise of the local native landowners to sell a portion of ground required. Mr. “A” then proceeds to identify this area by marking trees at the four corners of the property, and lodges his application with the nearest District Officer.

This official, in due course, inspects the area, and reports to the Land Board his opinions as to whether the area selected can be sold by the natives, without depriving them of garden space and hunting grounds. On this officer’s report hinges the whole transaction, for the Land Board, to a great degree, will be influenced by his decision.

We assume that the application is refused. on the grounds that the sale would deprive the natives of valuable garden and hunting areas. Mr. “A’s” losses to date would then total as under: Fares (return to Australia) .. . £5O 0 0 Schooner charter, 8 days at £5 per diem 42 0 0 Month’s residence in Rabaul .. 30 0 0 Trade goods 20 0 0 Total £142 0 0 The existing system of land purchase— i.e., dealing with the native, more or less with one’s hat in hand—is decidedly wrong, and is considered the greatest deterrent to enterprise.

Were it possible for a representative to arrive at Rabaul and" inspect and select an area known officially to be available, then obviously the representative could return to Australia and place something definite and tangible before his backers. As it is, the existing system is merely a gamble, and offers few attractions to prospective agriculturists.

“Maski Mike.”

Pearl Divers Demand Higher Wages A DEMAND by pearl shell divers for higher wages held up the Northern pearling fleet at Darwin at the beginning of March, just as the luggers were making ready to run for the Aru Islands, off the coast of Dutch New Guinea.

Pearlers offered £23 per ton for shell, but the divers demanded £25, refusing to sign on unless the increase was granted.

They declared that so many men have paid the toll of lives last season that they wanted extra wages to compensate for the risks taken.

Every year during the “wet” season the waters around Northern Australia and Torres Strait are unsuitable for pearling, and the fleet moves northwards and westwards to the Dutch islands.

Mr. K. Church, mining engineer, and Dr. R. L. Jack, geologist, of the Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd., left Sydney by the Montoro on February 26 for Rabaul.

They will investigate iron ore deposits on the north coast of New Britain for the B.H.P. Co., which holds an option over the area from Eastern Prospecting Co., No Liability. 20 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 193 6

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PESSIMISTIC New N.Z. Government Wants "Full Control” of Industry From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Feb. 26. 17'EEN disappointment followed receipt JV of a radiogram from the new Prime Minister of New Zealand concerning the proposed Fruit Control Board, and in connection with which Judge Ayson recently handed the Minister a petition from some 600 local growers.

The radiogram, after declining—on grounds of economy—the producers’ suggestion to send delegates to N.Z., went on to advise those interested to petition Parliament, in order that a full enquiry into the Island’s fruit industry might be held.

The Government, Mr. Savage continued, would be unlikely to approve of any board of which the Government had not “full control.” At the same time he hastened to add that “every consideration would be given to any proposals to give growers the power to elect their own representatives” —a statement which was somewhat difficult to follow.

In conclusion, the Minister made it quite clear that no finality would be reached until proposals are, first, acceptable to the Government, and, secondly, discussed by all parties connected with the fruit trade.

Growers, who have always been unanimous in their demands for an elected Board, are now fearful lest “full Government control” will resolve itself into “full local control” by a board of nominated — and salaried —members whose interests would not necessarily be those of the producers. The whole attitude of the growers is consequently one of suspicion and distrust towards those in whom by rights the greatest confidence should be placed, and there is a marked reluctance to pin any fresh faith on promises that past experience has so often proved chimerical.

Had this delay been deliberately engineered, it could scarcely have been more welcome to opponents of the Board since growers, 99 per cent, native, are notoriously incapable of sustaining interest or preserving their unanimity of opinion over a lengthy period.

Nevertheless, further public meetings have been held during the past fortnight, at which the newly drafted petition to Parliament has been minutely discussed and signed by an overwhelming majority.

The wishes of the producers are now doubly clear. It remains to be seen if their interests will be studied when set in the scales against such financially weighty organisations as the New Zealand fruitbuying concerns.

Miss Margaret Devitt, of the New Guinea Mission, returned to Samarai, Papua, by the February Montoro, after leave in Australia.

Misses M, O. Lenz, M.A., M. McKittrick, E. J. Boden, and P. Steadman have been appointed assistant teachers at the Suva Girls’ Grammar School for two years.

They arrived in Fiji from New Zealand by the Niagara on February 7.

Mrs. M. Hughes, of Cremorne, N.S.W., returned to Sydney by the Nellore on February 20 after a visit to New Britain to attend the marriage of her daughter Nancy to Mr. James P. L. Burke, at St.

Francis Xavier’s Church, Rabaul.

Howland, Jarvis And

Baker Islands

America’s Claim Not to be Disputed AFTER investigating the question of ownership of Howland, Jarvis, and Baker Islands, in the Central Pacific, the British Foreign Office on February 28 officially announced that Great Britain would not dispute America’s claim to the tiny islands.

“The title deeds to the islands were never very clear,” it was stated. “We thought we had a claim to them, but if America has formally annexed them and established a claim under international law, we shall not dispute their ownership.”

The little atolls came into prominence at the end of last year when small groups of Hawaiians were placed on them to make observations and keep records of meteorological data. This development is connected with the air mail service, to be inaugurated by Pan-American Airways between Honolulu and New Zealand, via American Samoa. Jarvis, Baker, and Howland are near the direct line between Hawaii and American Samoa.

Miss M. Franklin has been appointed matron of the Port Moresby European Hospital in place of Miss G. Gellweiler, who recently resigned. 21 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Pacific Countries Gravely Affected by Latest Japanese- German-Russian Developments U.S. Navy, at Moment, is Actually Sole Protector of British-Pacific Communities JJURING the month the Pacific Territories have come into the limelight of world politics. The limelight comes from two angles—the clear and rapidlygrowing menace of Japan, and Germany’s increasing demand for colonial territory.

The developments in connection With Japan have been sensational.

Last month, in an article, we sought to analyse the position. We pointed out that Japan had denounced the Anglo-Japanese Treaty, withdrawn from the League of Nations, seized Manchukuo and, at the conference in London in January, she had refused to renew the Washington Agreement (otherwise, the London Naval Agreement of 1930, under which Britain, America and Japan agreed to a limitation in naval building) and insisted on freedom to build more and bigger warships. We showed that Japan’s population of 100,000,- 000 is increasing at the rate of 1,000,000 annually, and that there is a large and increasing section of Japanese public opinion which says that Japan must take and occupy whatever countries in and around the Pacific she considers essential to her national requirements; and we said that we could not expect the pro- British, pro-peace party to remain always in control of Japan’s Government.

Since then, much has happened. A section of the army, led by those “Young Officers” who want Japan to strike and fight for her territorial needs, revolted in Tokio on February 25, and tried to murder the entire Cabinet. Three Ministers were assassinated, others wounded, and the nation thrown into confusion. The rebel troops were eventually persuaded to return to barracks; a kind of scratch Cabinet was assembled after several days to take change of the Government; and the country, at the moment, is quiet. But enough has been seen to show what great and dangerous forces are penned up there; and many things indicate that Japan now is being urged towards a war of aggrandizement. The nation, at the moment, seems bereft of strong leadership, and the control of affairs is drifting steadily into the hands of the aggressive military and naval cliques.

Our newspapers, suddenly, have recognised the danger; and there has been a hurried conning-over of naval forces in the Pacific. It is disclosed that they are as follow: It is not a pretty picture. Britain usually keeps two important cruiser squadrons in the Pacific, one based on Singapore and the other on Australia; but both have been denuded of larger vessels, which have joined the British naval concentration in the Mediterranean.

The plain, simple fact of the matter is that Japan has broken away from all treaty and International obligations (except the Kellogg Pact, which is “merely paper”) and is in danger of coming under the control of militaristic extremists; and, literally, the only protection upon which British-Pacific communities can immediately depend is that powerful American fleet, most of which is concentrated on the Pacific seahoard of the United States. And there is nothing certain about the American fleet.

We can only hope that America will not permit Japan to disturb the status quo in the Pacific, during this period in which Britain is reviewing her defences, and spending £350,000,000 on armaments. 22 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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On March 5, it was reported that Britain and U.S.A. had made an agreement at the London Naval Conference, and that Britain soon would transfer considerable naval forces to the Western Pacific. This is unofficial, but probably correct.

Britain does not neglect her obligations.

The fact is that developments in Japan have been rapid and probably unforeseen.

The chances are that moderate forces will resume control in Japan, to maintain amicable relations with Britain and America. But for how long? A clash between Russia and Japan seems inevitable: and Heaven alone knows what kind of a Japan will emerge from that!

In this connection, there were two events of significance during the month. The northern provinces of China, it was reported, were likely to secede and form a protectorate under Japan. The Soviet leader, Stalin, on March 4, announced, however, that if Japan made any move to coerce Mongolia (which seems to have formed some sort of a Soviet government) Russia would take action against Japan.

The chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of U.S.A., speaking deliberately from his place in the Senate, warned Japan that America.could not remain indifferent towards Japan’s efforts to close the door against American trade in China.

A condition of the Washington-London Naval Agreement, from which Japan has withdrawn, was that neither Britain nor U.S.A. should build new naval bases in the north-western Pacific. That gave security to Japan. She cannot be attacked from either Singapore or Pearl Harbour (Hawaii) —they are too far away. But. under the new conditions, Britain and America may develop new plans. Britain may do something at Hong Kong; and America is under an obligation to protect the new Philippines republic for ten years.

The Late German Colonies

IN the meantime, the Nazi Government of Germany is carrying on, with growing intensity, a propaganda campaign for what the newspapers call “the return of the German colonies,” but which really is a demand for recognition of Germany’s claim that she must have more territory.

The subject has been under close consideration in London, where British foreign policy seems to be dominated by a desire to bring the Western European nations together in a coalition for peace. If that can be achieved by making substantial concessions of colonial territory to Germany British Liberal opinion is in favour of its being done. Sir Samuel Hoare, before he was thrown out of the Colonial Secretaryship by the Geneva clique, said that Germany must have access to new sources of raw material; but a few days later (on February 12) the Colonial Secretary said that “the British Government had not considered giving up any British colony or territory held under mandate.”

The discussion is going on, and becoming daily more loud and clamorous; and there is little doubt, as I forecast here at least two years ago, that this question will become a dominating factor in British foreign policy. Up to date, however, we have seen nothing to alter the opinion expressed two years ago—namely, that Germany’s demand will be satisfied by a grant of territory in Africa, and that the condition of New Guinea, Western Samoa and the Marshall and Caroline Islands is not likely to be affected. British opinion seems to be definitely moving in the direction of Africa; and that, also, is the direction of the propaganda being carried on by the Nazis.

A Negro Nation In New Guinea

AMONG this propaganda, I was interested to find the plan of Dr. Ulrich Noack, of the University of Frankfurt.

Dr. Noack would give large slices of Africa to Germany and Italy, at the expense of Britain and France, and “in return, Germany would renounce her claims to all her former colonies.” Part of his plan is the removal from Africa of a large section of the negro race, so that the way may be clear for German colonisation.

But what would be done with the negroes? This will interest New Guinea.

He would take the whole of New Guinea and transform it into “a great negro territory” under British rule. Australia would lose her mandate, and be compensated with adjacent South Sea Islands at present belonging to Britain and France —presumably, New Hebrides, New Caledonia and Solomon Islands.

To use an Australian colloquialism; That is an idea!

One or two interesting points have emerged from the maze of argument.

Germany pleads that she has not sufficient raw materials. One reply is that Germany’s stupendous rearmament expenditure has upset her economic balance, creating a shortage of foreign exchange for the purchase of raw materials.

Another reply is that the Germans cannot get materials because of the protective tariffs, not only of the colonies, but of the Dominions, England, France, U.S.A., etc., which make it impossible for Italy or Germany to sell the required volume of exports to get the money to pay for required imports.

Colonel D. E. Evans, of the Brisbane firm of Evans, Deakin and Co., Ltd., expressed the opinion after a visit to Germany that it would be the best thing that could happen for world peace if Great Britain gave Germany back her colonies.

He thought Germany should have New Guinea, provided that Germany fortified New Guinea and stationed warships there to assist in the defence of Australia.

Comments on the gallant Colonel’s suggestion, that Australia should depend upon Germany for protection against the East, have been couched in choicest Digger language.

(Continued Overleaf)

23 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Three Overcrowded Nations

THE world most definitely is under the shadow of war threats; and, as has been pointed out here on many occasions, the danger lies in the fact that three nations (Germany, Japan and Italy) are landless, and are arming with a view to acquiring territory; that two nations (United States and Russia) hold all the land they require within one border, and are indifferent to international developments; and that the other nations, especially Britain and Prance, hold large and only partly developed territories, scattered all over the world, and therefore are driven to a defensive arming.

And it is as certain as anything can be that, if the nations do not come together lender some arrangement by which the landless countries shall receive new territories, we shall have to fight one or other of the landless nations —and, maybe, two or three of them in alliance.

R. W. ROBSON.

Operation Of Radiophone

IN PAPUA From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Feb. 22.

A WIRELESS telephone set has been installed at Port Romilly by Sawmillers and Traders Ltd. Mr. C. E. Searle, of the local A.W.A. radio station, recently returned after completing the installation, and already communication has been established with Port Moresby.

The manager of Sawmillers and Traders Ltd. has installed the set for reasons of direct communication with his customers and agents. Orders can now be put in hand quickly at the mill, saving time in delivery.

Ten Years’ Hard Labour for Safebreakers Convicted Papuans Then Break Gaol From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Feb. 22.

IN the Central Court on February 17, before His Honour Mr. Justice Gore, the trial took place of two Motu Motu natives (Gulf Division), Kalo and Apa, who were charged with entering the Papuan Government’s station at Rigo and stealing the sum of £129.

Both the accused were found guilty and were sentenced each to a term of ten years’ imprisonment with hard labour. In pronouncing sentence, Mr. Justice Gore stated that the crime was the most serious case of its kind that had occurred in the Territory.

As was previously reported, during the night of November 12 the Rigo office was broken into. The safe was carried away and hacked open with an axe. Later the empty safe was found in a creek nearby.

The detention of the two natives was due in a large measure to the investigations of Sergeant Bagita, who was specially detailed to work on the case, and who proceeded immediately to Rigo, upon the report of the theft.

A small amount of money, including an identified £1 note, was subsequently found planted in a tin at Koki. There still remained the large sum of £124 to be recovered.

On Friday, February 21, the two prisoners, Kalo and Apa, who were detailed for prison road work in Port Moresby, escaped from the prison gang. An extended search for the prisoners is at present being made.

The warden in charge of the gang has been dismissed.

The native Kalo is a well-known character in Papua, and was formerly a member of the Armed Native Constabulary. He recently served a sentence for shooting dead his police companion, when acting as escort for the overland mail to Kokoda.

Nauru In Prosperous

CONDITION From Our New Zealand Correspondent AUCKLAND, March 2.

THE native inhabitants of Nauru Island have been less severely hit by the depression than those of most Pacific Islands, according- to Commander R. C. Garcia.

Administrator of the island, who reached Auckland, New Zealand, recently on a holiday visit.

The landowners received grants from the British Phosphate Commission, he said, and as the export of phosphates had been well maintained during the depression, its effects had not been seriously felt. The natives were not dependent on copra production for a livelihood, and hence were not affected by the fall in prices.

A record year in the shipment of phosphates from Nauru and Ocean Islands was forecast by Mr. A. F. Ellis. New Zealand representative of the Commission, who also returned to Auckland recently. Estimates were for a shipment of 750.000 tons of phosphates from the two islands this year.

Sir Henry Scott, K.C., of Suva, Fiji, departed from the Colony on a brief visit to New Zealand by the Aorangi on February 13. 24 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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TASIU MOFFATT OHIGITA, who arrived in Sydney from Fiji in February to await the sailing of the Melanesian Mission’s motor yacht Southern Cross VII. for the Solomons, is a member of the celebrated Anglican native order known as The Brothers.

Moffatt was one of the original seven who, led by Ini Kopuria, commenced their labours on the island of Guadalcanal in 1927. When selected to extend the activities of The Brothers to Fiji in 1929, he found that in order to communicate with his fellow Melanesians (the descendants of people originally taken there as labourers), he would have to learn Fijian. He accomplished the task in seven months — no mean achievement. Since then he has spent two terms in Fiji, almost six years in all, working among the 800-odd Melanesians in and around Suva.

Moffatt was on the Southern Cross VI. when that vessel was wrecked at Aneityum, New Hebrides, in 1932, and was instrumental in saving the lives of several European members of the crew. He is now on his way back to the Solomons to await the orders of his Bishop.—E.R.

Mrs. G. E. Aumuller, wife of the manager of Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. at Samarai, returned to Papua by the Macdhui early in March.

Mining Man’s Misfortunes in New Guinea AT some stage of their life everyone experiences periods of misfortune, but Mr. H. A. Henricksen, who returned from New Guinea recently, had more than his average share during three months in the Territory.

At the end of last year Mr. Henricksen, who is a mining rigger, of Melbourne, sailed for New Guinea to supervise the construction of a new gold sluicing plant for Upper Watut Gold Alluvials Pty. Ltd.

Three weeks after his arrival on the field he was removed to the hospital at Wau suffering from a severe attack of fever.

After spending several weeks at the hospital, Mr. Henricksen recovered sufficiently to return to the field, and accordingly set out by ’plane, which is the only tneans of transport available, to the goldfield. Three hours after leaving the hospital, however, Mr. Henricksen was again an inmate, the ’plane having crashed at Sandy Creek en route to Upper Watut.

Now Mr. Henricksen has returned to Melbourne to seek expert treatment for his leg, which was severely injured in the crash, and which will prevent his return to New Guinea, which he regards as full of opportunities for young, keen workers.

Tasiu Moffatt Ohigita Photo.: Dorothy Welding. 25 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Year ended Dec. 31, 1933. 1934. 1935. £ £ £ Gross revenue 26,205 33,643 39,353 Net profit 5,388 5,693 6,101 Div., p.c 10 10 10 Div., amount 2.500 2,500 2,500 To preliminary expenses 770 To general reserve .... 1,000 1,500 3,500 To goodwill 500 2,000 Forward 618 311 413 LIABILITIES— Capital 25,000 25,000 25,000 General reserve — 1,000 6,000 Creditors 4,887 1,342 1,773 ASSETS— Cash 7,195 5,808 4,841 Debtors 5,784 8,819 11,073 Aeroplanes and plant . . 18,294 14,451 17,896 Deposits 731 700 Goodwill 2,500 2,000 — Your Sydney Agent?

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A Haggis At Bulwa

(Contributed) THE world’s sweetest singer has been J- honoured in the world’s youngest colony. The Scots of Bulwa (on the New Guinea goldfield) held a social function, complete with haggis and bagpipes, on the birthday of Robert Burns.

It commenced when Hugh Black, in January, got a haggis direct from his Scottish home—that famous canned product put up by Messrs. Waugh, of Nicholson Street, Edinburgh. There is only one way to eat a haggis: and that is in the company of brother Scots, on a convivial occasion. Hugh Black arranged accordingly.

The rumour of the haggis got about. An astonishing number of young fellows remembered that they had maternal grandfathers, and mother’s sister’s aunts, and so on, who had worn the tartan, or been called “Mac.” For a week, men who were asked to have a drink, answered, “Aye, mon! ”

The party which eventually sat down to supper at' 10 p.m. numbered 12. Some obviously were Scots: the others defended their ancestry vociferously. It was a merry party.

The haggis was piped in with full ceremonial and proper solemnity. There were neither bagpipes nor pipers: but Swanson found a first-class bagpipes record, and joyfully presided at the gramophone; while Hugh Black marched in with the haggis.

Toasts were drunk, thoughts of the “Scotties” went back to yon “land of green heath and shaggy wood”—and wide-eyed native houseboys, clustering outside, wondered at this latest form of madness of “white fella masta.” There was a big piece of haggis for everyone.

The party ended at 2 a.m., with a drive over a newly-formed road in a car recently brought in by aeroplane. The Kunai-clad ridges, where a little time ago were only native villages, inhabited by savages who had never seen a white man, echoed to the songs of Robbie Burns.

Holden’S Air Services

Increased Profit for 1935 THE third annual report of Holden’s Air Transport Services Limited shows a net profit of £6,101 for 1935 against £5,693 the previous year. At £39,353, gross profits were £5,710 higher. An amount of £3,500 has been transferred to general reserve and dividend (10 percent.) absorbed £2,500. With £ 936 brought forward £1,038 is carried forward.

With this year’s contribution general reserve now stands at £6,000. This has been mainly set aside against aeroplane replacements. As the result of the purchase of a second all-metal Ford aeroplane the item in the balance sheet headed “aeroplanes and plant” has been increased by £3,445.

A building programme was put into operation during the year. Necessary living accommodation has been completed, and an all-steel hangar is now in process of erection.

The chairman of directors (Mr. L. A.

Lister) reports that the past year was free of accidents, so far as the company’s services were concerned.

During the year Mr. H. J. Preston retired from the Board, owing to his departure for overseas, and Mr. R. G. Preston also tendered his resignation. Mr. F. Z.

Eager, of Queensland, also resigned.

Messrs. J. W. Austin and L. V. Waterhouse were appointed directors.

The Company’s financial position, over a period of three years, is as follows;

M.V. Carriso Sold

motor vessel Carriso, which has been trading for many years among the smaller ports in the Central and South Pacific Islands, was recently withdrawn from Messrs. Flood Brothers’ service. She has now been sold to the Griffith Steamship Co. of Seattle, U.S.A., and has taken up running between Puget Sound and San Pedro on the Western seaboard of the United States.

As the Magunkok, she commenced her career in 1918 as the vessel of the Long Beach Shipping Board. Shortly adderwards she was bought by the Flood Line, of San Francisco, and ever since has been serving in the South Seas. The Carriso is 345 feet long and 2429 net tons.

New Misima Gold Mines Limited, of Papua, declared a first liquidation dividend of £ 5 per share in February. The New Misima Company last year sold its mine and property on Misima Island, Eastern Papua, to Cuthbert’s Misima Mine Limited for £95,000.

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Cocoa Beans

Letter to the Editor.

FROM time to time you have devoted space in your valuable journal to the subject of New Guinea cocoa beans. It might, therefore, be of interest to your readers, and especially the Islands producers, if I describe a recent experience in marketing Cocoa Beans in Australia.

My samples duly arrived and were shown to an expert, who examined same and expressed his opinion—namely, that the samples were fair average quality of the New Guinea Cocoa Beans. On the strength of this valuation I proceeded to interview various buyers.

After examining the beans, the first prospective buyer I interviewed informed me that the sample was of good quality, but owing to large stocks, he was not prepared to make a bid. I then went to another manufacturer, who, apparently, was very busy at the time, and when I tendered my card, I was informed that “he had no interest in New Guinea beans and was too busy to see me.” Consequently I crossed buyer No. 2 off my list.

Returning to my office, I divided up the samples and posted some to manufacturers in a neighbouring State, at the same time writing them a polite letter asking for their best quotation for the class of beans, as per sample. These manufacturers did not even have the courtesy to reply to my letter. Next time I communicate with them, I shall send them a stamped envelope by way of an inducement to reply.

In despair, I went back to No. 1 buyer and showed him the same samples as I had done three weeks previously, and which he had admitted were good samples of New Guinea beans. He informed me that the beans were very poor quality and were absolutely useless to him!

Naturally, I was very disappointed with the results of my efforts, and even more disappointed at the thought of cabling my New Guinea friends not to send any further quantities of Cocoa Beans to this market, as the buyers here apparently were prejudiced against New Guinea beans. However, before doing so, I approached another firm, from whom I had previously received very courteous treatment, and showed them the same samples as I had shown Buyer No. 1.

They offered me £33 per ton, which I promptly accepted.

This is my experience in marketing New Guinea Cocoa Beans in this part of the world, and there certainly seems to be something “rotten in the state of Denmark” when producers in the Islands are treated in this manner. This sort of thing gives them no encouragement to produce, in spite of the benefit of the Government bounty, and the New Guinea planter has a very hard row to hoe. Local buyers of Cocoa Beans, apart from taking into consideration the quality of the beans submitted to them, also seem to have the bounty in view, as it appears to me that the bounty eventually drifts to the manufacturers. , On consideration, I think it might be of benefit to Cocoa Bean producers in New Guinea if the Federal Government placed a duty on all foreign Cocoa Beans imported into the Australian market.

This might have the desired result, and possibly manufacturers will find that they can use New Guinea beans, which will, in turn, be an incentive for the present growers to increase their output.

I am, etc., DISGUSTED SALESMAN.

Sydney, February 18.

Mrs. A. C. Dickson, 8.A., recently arrived in Fiji to take up the position of headmistress of the Suva Girls’ Grammar School. Formerly she was in charge of the Girls’ High School at Greymouth, New Zealand. Mrs. Dickson is a graduate of the University of Tasmania and holds a Diploma of Education from Oxford University, England. 27 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

1934. 1935.

Sugar— tons 103,683 .. 135,633 value . . £1,069,049 .. £1,314,128 Copra— tons 23,528 .. 26,081 value £127,941 . . £220,478 Bananas— bunches 1,056 . . 16,137 cases 161,269 . . 143,495 value . . £67,845 . . £66,863 Molasses £16,828 .. £16,545 Gold Bullion— oz 1,032 .. 6,933 value £7,590 . . £54,009 Trochas Shell— tons 319 . . 298 value £20,733 . . £20,226 Other articles . . . £146,469 . . £118,362 Total . . £1,456,455 £1,810,611 Year. Imports. Exports. 1928 £1,483,169 . . £2.701,251 1930 £1,219,184 . . £1,484,526 1932 £857,346 . . £1,698,964 1933 £1,069,266 . . £1,725,529 1934 £995,204 . . £1,456,455 1935 £1,257,287 .. £1,810,611

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Liquor Licenses In New

GUINEA A PPLICATIONS for hotel liquor licenses have been dealt with as follows recently in New Guinea: Mrs. F. S. Stewart, Wau —renewed.

Mrs. P. K. Lewis, Madang—renewed.

Mr. M. J. Willmott, Rabaul—transfer from Mr. E. C. Monck granted.

Mrs. L. E. Banks, Rabaul—renewed.

Mr. Sow Sing, Kavieng—renewed.

Mr. Ivan Nelson, Rabaul—renewed.

Mr. Allen Innes, Salamaua—renewed.

Mr. J. A. Parer, Wau —renewed.

Mr. R. I. Franklin, Edie Creek —renewed.

Mrs. K. C. Baldie, Lae—application for new license adjourned.

The following clubs in New Guinea now hold liquor licenses: Kavieng Club, New Guinea Club (Rabaul), Rabaul Club, Wau Club, and Kokopo District Sports Club, M iss Ethel Slade returned to Papua by the Macdhui from Brisbane early in March to continue her work for the New Guinea Mission at Dogura.

Fiji Has Half-Million Trade Surplus Currency of Empire’s Richest Colony is Mysteriously Pegged at 12½ % Discount. 4 REMARKABLE recovery in the value of the export trade of Fiji is disclosed in the figures for 1935, just available: The following figures will show that Fiji’s trade now is getting back to what it was at the peak of the boom (1928); As may be seen, sugar production is the backbone of Fijian trade. It fluctuates somewhat. Sugar exports were worth £2,092,990 in 1920; sank to £808,195 in 1926; rose to £1,827,095 in 1928; fell down to £624,310 in 1931; and have been increasing ever since. Between 1920 and 1929, the average yearly export of copra was about £500,000; but in 1934 it was worth only - £127,941. This trade is improving now, however. If gold production fulfils its promise, it will add further to the wealth-producing capacity of these “Fortunate Isles.”

It must be recognised, of course, that Fiji does not enjoy all the wealth that the above figures indicate. A sum equivalent to the amount of profit made in Fiji by •the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, which has a virtual monopoly of sugar production in Fiji, does not circulate in Fiji, but goes, instead, into the Australian coffers of the Co., and, eventually, into the pockets of the Co.’s shareholders.

What that profit is, no man can say: but it must be substantial. However, it is not nearly enough to represent the difference between exports and imports, a mere matter of £500,000. Lucky Fiji!

And yet—here is the sweetest morsel in the whole field of economic controversy— the Fiji £ is quoted at 12| per cent, under sterling. The Colony’s annual budget is always balanced; it has an accumulated surplus of nearly £300,000 and other reserves of over £200,000; its total public debt is less than £1,500,000; and, as shown, it has a trading surplus every year of anything up to £700,000.

Yet the Fiji £ is pegged at a discount of 12| per cent against sterling, which means at least 35 per cent, under gold.

Why?

Mr. F. V. Dunstan, of Nausori, Fiji, arrived in Sydney from Suva by the Aorangi on holidays on February 21. 28 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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The Palolo

(By A.M.A.) TWO nights, or approximately so, after every November full moon, the Palolo comes up from the seabottom in most waters of the Pacific. I say approximately, for Europeans longest resident in the Pacific Islands are unable to foretell the exact night of its annual visit. Palolo is a Polynesian name and the one generally used in the scientific world, but almost every island inhabited by Melanesians, has its relative word.

This queer marine organism comes up to the surface on two nights only, in every year, about four weeks before and just after November full moon. On Ulawa Island, in the Solomons, the first event, a very minor affair, is looked on as a sort of warning, to get the nets ready for the great night of nights—for no other in the whole year holds anything of so much importance. The natives esteem Palolo a great delicacy, and Old Neptune has provided it when the larder is at its lowest ebb, between yam seasons.

With the first glimpse of the moon over the horizon, the natives launch every conceivable thing that can float —canoes, rafts, and kaikai bowls —and make for the spot where the Palolo usually appear. In my 20 years’ residence on this island I have not known the Palolo to alter their position in the three spots where they make their appearance. They rise with the moon, and soon the sea is a living mass of wriggling worms, more or less held together by su greenish coloured slime. Small nets on bamboo poles are simply dipped into the conglomeration, and shovelled into larger bag nets in the canoes. This goes on till the moon has reached its zenith, then, without any fuss, the Palolo make their exit from the world for another year.

Death Of Dr. Solf

Former German Governor of Samoa THE death occurred in Berlin, Germany, early in February of Dr. Wilhelm Self at the age of 73. He was Governor of Samoa from 1898 until 1911, and officially resided in the house in which Robert Louis Stevenson had lived.

After studying law and Oriental languages at Kiel and Berlin, Dr. Solf joined the German Foreign Office in 1888. Ten years later he was appointed District Judge in German East Africa, and in 1899 went to Samoa as chairman of the Apia Municipal Council. Shortly afterwards he became Governor of the Colony and remained in Samoa until, 1911 when he returned to Germany to become Colonial Secretary.

Dr. Solf originated many important schemes for the improvement of the Samoan colony, and encouraged planters to grow rubber and cocoa, thus opening up a good deal of valuable land. For his services in this direction he was personally decorated by the Kaiser.

Sir Maynard Hedstrom, managing director of the large trading firm of Messrs.

Morris, Hedstrom Ltd., which operates in Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, recently underwent an operation in Auckland, New Zealand. Early in March he was convalescent, and appeared to be in excellent health.

Mr. Owen Cecil Kirkpatrick Corrie, who will shortly arrive in Suva to take office as Chief Justice of Fiji and Chief Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific, served in France, Belgium, and Palestine during the Great War and was awarded the Military Cross. He was born in 1882 and was educated at Cambridge. After holding various legal positions in Palestine, he was appointed Senior British Judge of the Supreme Court there in 1924, and has acted on various occasions as Chief Justice. 29 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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How Sacred Heart Mission Entered Papua Father Dupeyrat’s Fascinating Fhstory of 1883-1935 AN extraordinary amount of work, time and research has been put into a large book of 540 pages, which has just reached us from Paris. It is entitled “Papouasie,” and it is a complete, welldocumented history of the mission work of the order of the Sacred Heart, which has been done in Papua and New Guinea during 50 years (1885-1935).

The gifted author is Father Andre Dupeyrat, M.S.C. It is obvious that he has performed a labour of love —he has taken a delight in telling the wonderful story of the hopes and sufferings and achievements of the Sacred Heart Mission in those one-time savage territories; and in doing his work with such thoroughness Father Dupeyrat has made a contribution of incalculable value to the historical and scientific records of Papua and New Guinea.

The book is by no means a dry record of historical facts. The author displays considerable literary skill and handles his fascinating narrative with a fine sense of dramatic values. He also exhibits that delightful sense of humour that one so often finds among the missionaries of the Sacred Heart in the South Seas. His story, moreover, is leavened with a characteristic tolerance of outlook and a cheery philosophy.

Father Dupeyrat, of course, writes in French; and that, in a way, is a pity, because the mass of British people do not read French very readily, and this is a story that should be read by all of them— not only because of its real merit as a dramatic narrative but because it would give the British in these lands a better idea of the self-sacrificing work of the missionaries and the objects for which they strive.

Father Dupeyrat commences his story with the very earliest records of European contact with the Pacific Islands; traces the formation of the Vicariate of Melanesia and Micronesia between 1826 and 1844; tells the story of the first tentative efforts at evangelisation by the Marists about 1845 and the martyrdom of Monsignor Epalle in 1845 and Monsignor Collomb in 1848; describes the second effort made by the missionaries of Milan in 1852 and the martyrdom of Father Mazzuconi in 1855, leading to the abandonment of missionary effort by his Church between 1855 and 1885. He then shows how the attempt by the Marquis de Rays to establish a free colony at Port Breton, in New Ireland, about 1877 again stirred up the interest of the Church in the matter of evangelising these islands, and how, out of that interest, there was created an organisation of missionaries of the Sacred Heart, who, between 1880 and 1884, established a mission in New Britain.

The missionaries in New Britain and New Guinea met with many practical difficulties and official discouragements, among which was grave uncertainty as to what country actually possessed the islands in which they worked, but they continued with their chosen task. Finally, in October, 1884, they selected Thursday Island, in Torres Strait, as their base of operations, and from that point, in 1885, they launched the present organisation of the mission of the Sacred Heart which has spread all over Papua and a large section of New Guinea.

The story is full of interesting references to the political events and developments of 50 years ago—one reads again of Magistrate Chester, of Sir Peter Scratchley, of Fathers Vergius and Navarre, and of the strange conditions under which Queensland took possession of Papua. The way in which certain notable people tried to keep the Sacred Heart missionaries out of Papua, and the determination with which they pressed their claim for entering, is a story in itself.

Not the least interesting part of the story is that describing how the Roman Catholic fathers were assisted to transfer their establishment from Thursday Island to Yule Island, on the coast of Papua, by “Yankee Ned” (otherwise Edward Mosby), a man who settled in Torres Strait in the middle of last century and reared a large family in romantic circumstances. A Catholic missionary had befriended “Yankee Ned” when he was desperately ill in Cooktown, Queensland; and the remarkable old man tried to repay his debt by helping the Sacred Heart missionaries, when they were being kept out of Papua under an official ban.

“Yankee Ned” had quite a large share in guiding this great and successful mission to Yule Island.

The book carries a preface by Monsignor A. M. Guyot de Boismenu, Vicar Apostolic of Papuasia, and an epilogue by Monsieur M. Georges Goyau, of the Academy of France. The publisher is Editions Dillen, 23 Rue Oudinot, 23, Paris.

The book is copiously illustrated by scores of excellent photographs, and some maps of unique value.

Mr. G. W. Cockburn, of the Fiji Government Printing Office, arrived in Suva by the Monterey on February 11, after a visit to Europe with his wife.

Rev. and Mrs. E. Codd, with their baby daughter, sailed for the Siota station of the Melanesian Mission in the Solomon Islands by the Malaita on February 22.

Mr. Codd previously was in the Banks Group, New Hebrides.

Mr. John Wadsworth, director of the Apia Observatory, returned to Samoa with his young wife in February from an extended holiday in England and Europe.

Mr. H. F. Baird, who was relieving at Apia Observatory during the absence of Mr. Wadsworth, returned to New Zealand to continue his work at the Christchurch Observatory by the Maui Pomare on February 8. 30 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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FRESH % ENGLISH PEAS 5s PA C*JE PiCKtO AND Amphibian Arrives for Fly River Expedition THE Somerset from New York arrived in Brisbane on February 28 with Mr.

Richard Archbold, a wealthy American scientist, Mr. Russell Rogers, an American commercial pilot, and Mr. Ewing Tulistedt, radio operator, on board.

The party supervised the unloading of a modern Fairchild amphibian monoplane which will be used in connection with the expedition to Western Papua, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History. The machine is powered with a 675 h.p. supercharged engine, carries 10 passengers, and has a normal speed of 158 m.p.h.

The advance party of the expedition, consisting of Dr. A. Rand (ornithologist), G. H. Tate (mammalogist) and L. J. Brass (botanist), sailed for Papua by the Macdhui at the end of January.

With the aid of the monoplane, Mr.

Archbold hopes to penetrate unexplored parts of Western Papua, and the Upper Fly River district. The scientific members of the party will gather botanical and ornithological data.

Mr. Archbold said that he and his two companions, accompanied by three mechanics, will fly the amphibian to Daru Island, Western Papua, the expedition’s base. They hope to leave Brisbane by the middle of March.

Mr. Arthur R. Wardrop, of Misima Island, Eastern Papua, has been appointed engineer in the Public Works Department of Papua.

Jimmy Jones

TJIS weight was only nine stone eight, His years three score and ten, But I’ve seen him humiliate And clean up bigger men.

He’d swing a right and left with vim.

And use them as his bowers.

In early days he ran a gym., Way up on Charters Towers.

He managed many a mining show, And paid good divvies, too; But used to let the money gO' — The same as me and you.

When, later on, he’d work and slave Dame Fortune struck him low.

No matter how he’d try to save You’d see his savings go.

Like some old battler in a ring, When belted stiff and sore, Would from his corner bravely spring, And stagger in for more, He’d always hold his head on high No matter how he felt.

Misfortune now has struck him sly.

And well below the belt.

He knows of many a quiet spot Where useful gold may lie; He should not have toi get a lot — The price of gold’s so high.

And he has only got to catch Dame Fortune feeling gay— Then what about that little patch Up Charters Towers way!

And ’way up on Tiveri streams Where native sago grows— I’m very sure he often dreams Of other spots he knows.

Although he’s now not very strong And getting worn and old, I know that he, again ere long, Will be off, chasing gold.

To Jimmy: Wherever you may travel, I sincerely hope you will Be always on pay gravel And your “shammy” quickly fill!

May all your quests be lucky, You tough old bag of bones!

Always straight and plucky— Here’s to you, Jimmy Jones!

Papua.

FRANK PRYKE.

A Royal Life-Saver

From a Special Correspondent.

NUKUALOFA, Feb. 2.

LYING alongside the wharf at Nukualofa, Tonga, one dark windy night, recently, the motor ship Beulah, one of the vessels that ply between San Francisco and Tongan ports, donned her best in honour of a special party of shore friends.

Everything went on fine up to the small hours, when an old Tongan chief, in trying to leave the ship, slipped on top of the gangway and fell down the small space between the vessel and wharf.

“Man Overboard!” cried the watchman, as officers and guests rushed to the side.

Torches and spotlights illuminated the scene, but nothing was to be heard or seen. Suddenly, an unknown figure, in full evening dress plunged quickly into the spot where the unfortunate chief was last seen. After much struggling the old man was brought to the surface, and, during the excitement, the hero of the occasion vanished.

Nobody, except his chauffeur, knew that the gallant rescuer was Prince Tugi, consort of Queen Salote and Premier of the Tongan Kingdom. Only by accident did it become known that the hero was our modest Premier. 32 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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A STRONG gale struck the Samoan Islands with considerable force on January 16, doing considerable damage to native houses, coconut plantations, breadfruit trees, and especially banana plantations of Europeans and natives.

The Observatory, which had warned coastal shipping to run for shelter, gave the highest velocity of the gale as 54 miles per hour at 4 p.m., while the lowest barometer reading was 29.31.

Bush trees came crashing down and in Apia telephone lines and electric lighting wires were wrecked in many places.

European houses were damaged by falling trees, but only one fatality was reported.

On cocoa plantations damage was comparatively small, though quite a number of trees were blown down. Damage on banana plantations, especially those in the hills, was more severe and crops during the next few months will be less than normal.

At Aleipata, the District Commissioner (Mr. J. M. Bower) reported the destruction of the native hospital, the wireless station and part of the police post. After the storm the district presented a sorry spectacle, comparable to the desolation caused by a large fire. Trees were blown down on the beach and in the bush, coconut palms stood nude —bare of fronds and nuts—food plantations were damaged and hundreds of Samoan houses blown down. It is expected that there will be a serious shortage of food in this district.

Small damage is reported from the island of Savaii, which apparently was outside the storm circle.

American Samoa Suffers

According to reports from American Samoa, serious damage was done on Tutuila Island. At the naval station at Pago Pago the gale blew right into the harbour, damaging a number of buildings, caving in roads, blowing down coconut and breadfruit trees, and destroying native houses. Terrified, the natives sought shelter at the naval barracks at Pago Pago. Leone, the most fertile district of Tutuila, suffered considerably, all the food crops being destroyed.

Though no fatalities occurred, the natives of American Samoa will have to depend on relief to tide them over the next few months. The American Naval Administration has started a “Hurricane Relief Fund” in aid of those who have suffered through the disaster.

Exploiting the Islands UNDER the above heading, a writer in a recent issue of the Australian Stamp Journal brings to light another scheme to “cash in” on the South Seas.

A paragraph in the American magazine Stamps discloses that an American firm is sponsoring a special cruise to the South Pacific Ocean with the avowed object of exploiting the philatelic interest of the Pacific Islands, he writes.

A special vessel (which has been called the Philatelist ) has been built for the cruise, and at each port of call the crew will send out letters adorned with those cachets and other private marks so treasured by a certain class of collectors.

A philatelic writer will accompany the cruise to compile manuscripts on the spot, which will, of course, be full of local colour.

The whole project reminds us of the Seth Parker stunt, and we are afraid that these activities, if continued, will soon spoil all the charm there is left in the stamps and postal history of the Islands.

The “Tin Can Mail” of Niuafoou Island (Tongan Group) is a case in point. Once it possessed a romantic interest, but alas, it has now fallen a victim (like so many other things of this age) to a blatant commercialism.

Mr. William Cash, well-known New Guinea miner, has rejoined the staff of Enterprise of New Guinea N.L. He had retired owing to ill-health, but after a visit to Australia returned to the Mandated Territory to take up his old position. 33 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

GILLESPIE’S •A\CIIOI{ ” fivO i as TRADE MARK The Standard of Quality.

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T'HE policy of the Government of New Caledonia, to drive out of French territory all enterprises that are not French, failed in the case of the Austral Guano Company.

The Company, at great cost and after many years of work, proceeded to work the guano deposits at Walpole Island. The Government, following its usual methods, imposed a crippling duty on the product, which it classified as “phosphate.” The Co. contended that guano was not phosphate; and, after long and plucky litigation, it wen. But. probably, it will not benefit much. The Government will get it in the end.

The Forestiere case is an example of that. The Co. won, after endless litigation: and, nominally, it should get substantial refunds from the Government.

But what hope has it got?

The memory of Kamehameha the Great, Hawaii’s first monarch, who brought all the islands of that group together under one rule, will be honoured with an extensive programme of pageants, parades and sporting events in a celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of his birth, on June 11. Kamehameha Day—June 11 —has always been observed as one of the most important Hawaiian holidays.

Murder Of Natives

Trial of Ludwig Schmidt T UDWIG SCHMIDT, who has been sentenced to death in New Guinea for wantonly murdering natives, is a thin sallow-faced man with a scraggy beard, and is aged about forty-five years. He was born in Vienna of a Bavarian father and an Austrian mother. He spent five years in U.S.A., five years in Australia, and five years prospecting in New Guinea.

He has a wife and family in Australia.

The murders were committed in 1934, while Schmidt, Hellmuth Schultze, John J.

A. King and Groos were on a prospecting trip on one of the tributaries of the Sepik River. They seem to have behaved lik;wild beasts —especially in their treatment of the natives. They fired at the natives without provocation; and they seized and raped the native women. Stories of these outrages trickled through to Sydney. The N.G. Administration must be commended for the thoroughness with which it dealt with the matter.

At one of the camps of this party, Schmidt suspected that two natives had followed the party from another village, for the purpose of warning the local natives against the methods adopted by Schmidt and his friends in regard to shooting pigs and securing women. Schmidt fired at one of these natives with a revolver and at the other with a rifle, and he killed the latter!

Evidence for the Crown was given both by King and Schultze (prisoners serving sentence in Rabaul gaol), as well as by a number of native witnesses who were carriers and servants. King and Schultze had been convicted of offences arising out of the same set of circumstances —King got 10 years' imprisonment for shooting at the natives with a rifle, and Schultze got seven years’ for abducting a native woman.

Groos returned to Germany before the charges were brought.

There was difficulty at Schmidt’s trial because he had made no provision for defending himself, and he did not speak English well. Eventually, the Judge postponed the trial until the accused man could be provided with an interpreter and with counsel —both supplied at Government cost.

“Home-Brewers” Fined In

SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 4.

THOUGH not quite as extensive as in -*■ former years, the “home-brewing” industry is still flourishing in Samoa.

In two cases recently before Apia High Court, a Samoan and a part Samoan were prosecuted by the police for having faa-mafu (the local “homebrew”) on their premises, which contained more than 3 per cent, over-proof spirit. The contents were 8.79 and 4.2 per cent, respectively, as analysed by the Government analyst. Commissioner R. V. Kay imposed fines of £lO and £7/10/-.

Prince Taufa’ahau, Crown Prince of Tonga, arrived in Sydney by the Aorangi on February 21, after spending his first holiday in his native land for three years.

The Prince has now commenced his last year’s attendance at Newington College.

Afterwards he intends to study law at Sydney University and later to go on to Oxford. 34 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Gauguin as Newspaper Editor Relics of Famous Frenchman In Sydney Library

By Eric Ramsden

OF all the strange people who ever entered Papeete, none has aroused more criticism, provoked more conjecture, than Paul Gauguin. The French painter was already a much discussed man before ever he set foot in Tahiti. After his death in the Marquesas, in the early part of this century, collectors, or their agents, scoured the islands of French Polynesia for anything that pertained, to Gauguin.

Well do I recall the expression on the face of Oscar Nordmann, a well-known identity of Papeete, when he told me not long ago how he had once assisted in the destruction of a number of Gauguin’s carvings. If the Nordmann family had retained them those links with the great Frenchman would have brought them a small fortune!

So much has been written concerning the sojourns of Gauguin in Tahiti, of his sympathy for the natives, his tirades against the administration of his day, of his loves, his hates —in fact, there is little that has not been placed on record.

But concerning Gauguin’s activities as a newspaper editor comparatively little has been pub'ished. It was, therefore, with the keenest interest that I scanned the faded pages cf Les Guepes and Le Sourire, several copies of which were recently purchased by the Mitchell Library, in Sydney.

The pages were tattered and torn: some had not withstood the ravages of the tropics. Yet within those sheets was hidden much that was historically important, much that revealed the soul of that cantankerous genius whose name will ever be identified with the most beautiful of islands —Tahiti.

The outpourings in these journals has been described as among “the poorest stuff Gauguin ever wrote.” That may be.

Nevertheless, it must be remembered that the painter at that time was entering the last phase of his colourful existence. Disease and drugs had both played their pajt.

Carelessness has been detected in his work of that period. Gauguin’s eyesight was failing. There was a more hectic and feverish lack of control. J. G. Fletcher, cne of his biographers, has described the Gauguin of that last phase as “an extinct volcano, a burned out crater.”

On his return rrom Prance, towards the close of last century, the Frenchman took a young native girl for wife, companion, and model. She served him devotedly, procure 1 food for him, and nursed him in his illness. I believe that woman still lives with her son at Punauuia. It would seem so, at any rate, as she was certainly his last mistress in Tahiti.

For some reason or other, the painter took it into his head that she should leave his house, and he drove her out. Though Paul Gauguin—a self-portrait by the famous French artist.

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CABLE APDBESS;- TOMOAMA ROCKHAMPTON. a helpless invalid, he even appealed to the law to prevent the girl from returning.

Naturally, the Administration took no notice of his ravings. This further enraged Gauguin. Since his return from Europe his fellow-countrymen had treated him as either a madman or a fool. He determined to attack the entire Colonial Administration. Now he would obtain his revenge. With the aid of a copying apparatus he set up and printed several issues of a paper called first, Les Guepes (The Wasps), and, later, Le Sourire (The Smile). The copies in the Mitchell Library extend from April 12, 1899, to December 12, 1900. Robert Rey, an authority on Gauguin, says the first copy of Le Sourire was issued in August, 1899.

The crude gibes at the Governor and prominent officials, attacks on native policy (especially in the Tuamotus), together with the equally crude caricatures that Gaugin drew of prominent people in Tahiti, seem to have creating something of a stir. Much that was purely political has, however, quite lost all significance.

“People began to fear him at last,” wrote Fletcher, “and it was, for a moment, a triumph.”

Still, here and there are little gems, glimpses of his life among the people he loved. For instance these lines, which he titled Terre Delicieuse (and from which a free translation has been made): • • Daily life in all its gay and picturesque attitudes Varies this scene of unquiet charm.

Life awakens at dawn in the beauty of earth and sun.

Life herself awakening ...

Pleasure is the principle thought, Showing its strength and agility And helping friends.

Virtues should also be a game— A game for the old.

Close to the hut of purau wood commences the forest.

Freshness of man and woman, of tane and vahine, is there.

They are in separate groups—some reposing— Drinking, chattering, laughing .. .”

Only those who have known the ‘charm of Tahiti can appreciate the truth of these lines: “As twilight falls, all around, sounds as if from Some immense pigeon-house fill the moon-carved darkness.

They dance and sing.

Men squat at the foot of trees, And the women dance in the open places While the last light of day plays around them.

They sing—the men—and the women dance: They mime as the words are sung.

They move arms and legs, inviting, showing How they will come under cover of night.

With night—heavy night—comes a flight of demons ...

The tupapau Who later will stretch themselves out by the beds Where nightmares trouble the sleepers, And invade the couches of the maidens Soon to be women.”

Then, again, the painter plays on the vivo, the Tahitian flute, intermingling his dreams with its plaintive notes. Referring to himself, Gauguin says: “What is he dreaming of —this savage musician on the river bank towards which modulations of his vivo float? What is this heart, savage, too, dreaming of? This wounded heart so alone in the solitude —for whom is it beating? ... And I went far to the sea with memories and hopes, to the wonderful sea whose sounds, around the isle, are like impenetrable walls shutting in my exile. And I hold out my hands into space—my hands filled with youth.”

I like, too, Gauguin’s rabelaisian story of his handsome young cockerel with “purple wings, a golden neck, and a black tail.” “God!” he cried, “he is beautiful!”

But because the bird provided amusement for the native children he refused to eat him, and concluded. sadly; “What penury! Nothing to eat! I am hungry.”

There is an amusing reference to one of the Governors of the day marching down a Papeete street “with his fine corpulence and foolish face,” to the Protestant temple, and of an alleged dream wherein that same dignitary entered Paris “on one of the four local Service horses,” and later heard the Minister for the Colonies cry: “Henceforth, you will be Emperor of Tahiti,” only to awaken, terrified!

Gauguin was well aware of the Chinese menace. “We know that they (the Chinese) are prolific,” he declared, “and they will go on mingling their blood with 36 Pacific Islands Mcnthly, March 19, 1936

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Reverting to the subject under the heading of Encore les Chinois, he said: “We observe that Canada, a country ten times bigger than France, foresees the necessity of taking precautions against the Chinese —this terrestrial pest which overruns big countries such as the United States, Australia, New Zealand, etc. And what does France, our natural protector, do for us? She peacefully permits the Chinese to invade our little Colony! Tw r enty years ago we made note of the coming danger, and demanded by hook or by crook that measures be taken to stem this sinister invasion. A deaf ear w r as turned to our pleas. The danger which faces us, and which threatens the future of our children, has no terrors for those who govern us ... France has beautiful colonies, but what does she do wdth them? It is certain that our Pearl of the Pacific will be throwm to the Chinese, to be exploited by them, and pilaged! ”

Those words were penned in 1900.

Had Gauguin lived he would have seen the inroads made by the Chinese in Tahit, and surrounding islands, since then.

The painter’s thoughts must often have returned to his native France. In one little anecdote he writes about a typical cafe scene in Paris: “.. . I draw. Everything is beautiful, everything is ugly. Now, there is a head that I know. The mirrors make the crowd look bigger. Where in the devil have I seen that head? The profile is angular, and I am trying to recall where I have seen it. Ah! now I know. It is myself. ...”

The Madame, “bedecked, perfumed, coarse,” asks Gauguin: “What are you having—champagne ?”

“No,” he modestly replies, “Give me some pipperment! ”

As the mirror reflects the blowsy figure, Gauguin reflects to himself: “So they say love makes you beautiful! I try to convince myself. My pitiless pencil will not believe it. It refuses.” The little story was headed La Yerite!

Paris International Trade Fair

THE annual Paris International Trade Fair will be held from May 16 to June 2. Buyers from all countries visit this exhibition, as it offers such a complete display of the products md the latest inventions from all over the world.

Since its inception in 1904, the Paris International Trade Fair has grown to huge dimensions, and this year is expected to be greater than ever owing to the improved conditions in industry generally. A representative display from more than 30 countries is expected, and the number of visitors should exceed the previous record of over 2,000,000.

Coinciding with the “High Season” in Paris, the International Trade Fair has become an event of social importance, for at this time of the year the “City of Light” is at its gayest.

The Trade Commissioner for France advises that he is able to supply all particulars regarding transport concessions and ticket discounts, and intending visitors should communicate with him.

His address is 7 Wynyard Street, Sydney.— *** Rev. E. G. Bucknill, who has been Church of England minister at Levuka, Fiji, for the last three months, left Suva for New Zealand and England in February.

Mr. and Mrs. J, S. Macnair left Suva, Fiji, recently by the Ruahine for England. Mr. Macnair, who has been for 12 years Lay Superintendent at the Makogai Leper Settlement, has gone to Europe on long leave prior to retiring from the Fiji Civil Service. 25% of Samoan Bananas Rejected From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 8.

AFTER being delayed for a few hours by strong headwinds off the Samoan Coast, the Maui Pomare arrived at Apia on February 7. Owing to unfavourable weather and high seas she was unable to lift a cargo of 50 tons of copra at Niue Island, but had to leave hurriedly with 20 tons on board, when the weather became -worse.

Banana inspectors had a difficult task with this month’s shipment of bananas.

On numerous European and native plantations the trees had been blown down in the gale of January 16, and though warned against the practice, growers, especially the natives, attempted to pack windfall bananas, which are unsuitable for export, together with sound fruit. As a result, out of over 7,000 cases offered, 1,800 cases were rejected by the inspectors, which easily constitutes a record in rejections. Instead of the quota of 7600 cases only about 5500 cases were shipped.

Captain O. Anderson, a master mariner of Apia, recently departed from Samoa for Europe by the Swedish vessel Boren. 37 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Guilders.

Billiton Company 337,500 Erdman and Sielcken 377,500 Australian Selection Trust . 391,000 N.W. Consolidated Goldfields 177,000 Anglo-Oriental General Investment Trust 106,000 Mt. Allied 71,000 Total 1,460,000 From From Month. Australia. Pacific Is.

IMPORTS January, 1935 .... £2266 .. £15 January, 1936 .... £1966 £40 EXPORTS January, 1935 .... £1584 .. £75 January. 1936 £783 . . £17 Trade with New Zealand was nil.

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DEATH OF MR. M. E. GRAF, OF SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 6.

T'HE sudden passing of Mr. M. E. Graf, who died on January 21 at his home at Sogi, Apia, has ended a full and adventurous life.

Mr. Graf, who had just reached the age of 50, was born in Austria and w r as educated at the University in his home town, Graz, in Styria. With his wife he arrived in Western Samoa at the beginning of 1914 in company with Baron von Rauch, a son of the “Banus,” or Governor, of Croatia (now Jugoslavia) who, after his arrival in Samoa, married and acquired property here.

The outbreak of the war made a return to Europe impossible, and Mr. Graf and his wife settled down in Samoa. He worked first as overseer on Government plantations and later as a trader in an outside district. At various times he placed his linguistic ability at the service of the Administration. Since 1934 he had been employed as clerk at the office of Messrs. Klinkmueller and Pleasants, barristers and solicitors of Apia.

Mr. Graf was a well-known philatelist and left a valuable collection of stamps.

To Seek Gold in Dutch N. Guinea Powerful Anglo-Dutch Co. is Registered A COMPANY representing an amalgamation of very important Dutch and British interests has been registered in the Dutch East Indies as the New Guinea Mining Company, with the object of carrying out on a large scale a search for gold in Dutch New Guinea.

The companies concerned and their respective interests are as follows; In the foregoing table the exchange value of the guilder has been taken as 5.75 guilders to the Australian pound.

Two areas have been granted to the New Guinea Mining Company for prospecting—namely, one area 505,000 million hectares, which area lies along the north coast of Dutch New Guinea, right up to the border of the Australian Mandated Territory, and thence extending southwards; while the smaller area covers a wide region in the Vogelkop Peninsula.

The concession which has been granted to the company covers all minerals except oil. As was announced in this journal some months ago, the right to prospect for oil in Dutch New Guinea has been granted to the Netherlands New Guinea Oil Company, representing the Bataafsche Petroleum Co., the Colonial Oil Co., and the Pacific Oil Co.

The New Guinea Mining Company will have seven directors—four Dutch and three British, namely, Dutch; Baron van Tuyll van Serooskerken van Coelhorst, Jonheer E. T. M. J. Michiels van Verduynen, Mr. A. C. Meyer and Mr. P. J. Jansen; British; Messrs. T. W. Baker, R.

Annan and H. Nicholls.

Norfolk Island Trade

Mr. Victor J. Clark, a well-known Torres Straits pearler, whose fleet operates from Darwin, arrived in Sydney by the Marella on February 23.

Mrs. Keith Hawkins, of Lautoka, Fiji, arrived in Australia by the Aorangi on February 21 to spend her annual vacation with her mother, Mrs. C. M. Backhouse, of Woolwich, Sydney.

Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Horsfield, of the Ba River district, Fiji, arrived to spend a few weeks’ holiday in Sydney by the Aorangi on February 21. 38 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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“Papua’S Wonderland” From The Air

What Government Officials Saw in Flight From Mount Hagen From Our Own Correspondent.

PORT MORESBY, Feb. 20.

ON February 1 and 2 Pilot C. R. Gurney, in a Guinea Airways singleengined Junker, from Mt. Hagen, New Guinea, made two of what might be called the most sensational flights that have ever been undertaken by Guinea Airways, when he flew with the Papuan Government party over the recently explored country of the Tari Furoro, and south over the great limestone barrier to the Leonard Murray Mountains and the waterways of the Kikori.

These flights, made by the Papuan Government party (consisting of Messrs.

Jack Hides, Ivan Champion, and F. E.

Williams, accompanied by A.D.O. J. L.

Taylor, of the New Guinea Service, and Mr. Lewis Lett), were for the purpose of checking Jack Hides’s geographical data, made on his recent successful expedition from the headwaters of the Strickland to the Purari; and to find the best possible route for Ivan Champion’s coming patrol from the Turama to the Strickland, further south.

The first flight took them south-west, almost in a direct line over the border — over a series of valley systems, enclosed by high mountain ranges rising to 13,000 feet, until they reached, through a gap between two peaks, the Tari Furoro valley—loo miles distant by time from their base, Mt. Hagen.

This huge area, approximately 1,000 square miles in extent, stood out clearly as the ’plane swung above, and Jack Hides, without difficulty, recognised the salient points of his journey last year— Mt. Jubilee, Ryan’s Gorge and Mt. Champion, which he encountered in April and May.

Then, surprisingly, they came upon a beautiful lake he had not observed, set among mountains that rose to 7,000 and 8,000 feet, pine covered to the water’s edge.

Very clear were the detached farm houses, cultivated gardens, and groves surrounding the dancing enclosures, which extended from one end to the other of the huge valley, which was w r atered by numerous streams that flowed eastward towards the Purari and without doubt carrying a very large agricultural population.

Further unexplored valleys could be picked out, running south and south-east, stretching far away into the distance, unknown to the world and apparently holding as large and as unusual a population as that encountered in the Tari Furoro.

A description of this flight, given in the words of one of the party, illustrates the flight clearly: “For half an hour we flew over this series of valleys, then saw ahead, and right on our course, a gap between two sharp peaks that towered to 11,000 feet.

Hides passed back a note from his seat beside the pilot and we learned that this was the barrier that shut off the Tari Furoro tribe from the other communities.

“We passed through the gap, and descended a little, to obtain a closer view.

We were towards the southern limit of a great flat valley, oval in shape, and measuring, as nearly as we could judge, 40 miles east and west and 30 miles in breadth. Round the edge of the valley rugged hills rose abruptly to a height of from 0,000 to 10,000 feet, except where, to north-west and south-west, wide openings in the mountain wall showed bigextensions of the valley in those directions.

“The floor of this great valley was flat, and broken only by deep creek-beds and smooth undulations. And the whole of the 1.000 square miles gave the effect of a vast park. Great stretches of open grass were interrupted by innumerable cultivated areas, copses of casuarina, and the close-set ornamental trees that marked the ceremonial dancing grounds.

At first sight no houses were visible, but later one could see that they were half hidden by the plantains and sugar cane that surrounded them. As in the Mt.

Hagen district, there were no villages, the houses being scattered in loose groups, each conveniently placed near the cultivated areas which belonged to it.

“Away to the north-west stood the dominating mountain that Hides had named Mt. Jubilee, a majestic mass whose appearance justified the name as completely as did the date on which it was discovered. Although its peaks and shoulders were shrouded in the thick cloud that already was gathering fast, its magnificent lower slopes, the proud upward 39 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Telegraphic Address: “Wrightmake,” Chippendale. £ o' A f*L\ SV^ sweep of its flanks, and the high-banked pillar of billowy cloud that hid its summit gave an effect of vastness and finality not easy to forget.

“The population of these valleys, from Mt. Hagen to the Tari Furoro, was astounding. Not only were the valley floors densely inhabited, but far up on the mountain slopes columns of smoke showed that habitations were in existence or that more ground was being prepared for cultivation. It was amazing to gaze down upon so great a number of people, unknown to the world for so long, who seemed to be even in excess of the estimate given by their discoverers.

“After flying for ten minutes across the southern extremity of the valley, clouds were observed to be gathering heavily to the east. Gurney banked steeply and rose to 11,000 feet and made for Mt. Hagen, which he reached before noon after running through rain, dense clouds and swirling mists. Half an hour later the hills round Mt. Hagen were obscured completely.”

Though the morning of February 2 was not very promising, the party took off from Mt. Hagen at 10.30 for the second flight and flew west-south-west on a compass course calculated to strike the Leonard Murray Mountains, which had been named by Jack Hides last year.

After fifteen minutes’ flight, they were over Papua and, passing the Waga Furari country, they were soon over the limestone barrier, with its gruesome chasms, serrated peaks and ridges which threatened them with destruction. Reaching its wall, which rose almost perpendicular for 4,000 ft., they skirted the edge and flew south and east over the Beaver Falls, and Mobi, of the Upper Kikori, with the Susamiro creek well in view, and the course of the Turama from its source to the estuary. The Leonard Murray mountains were easily recognised —a symmetrical mass that rose in sharp peaks from the lower country, and the great central plateau which took Hides 45 days to cross from the Rentoul River.

A vast panorama stretched before them, from the heights of the Carrington Gorge, leading to the Strickland in the north west; to the Papuan Gulf in the south.

The flight was triangular in formation and was estimated to be approximately 230 miles—loo miles to the Leonard Murray Mountains, 30 S.E. along the base, and 100 miles home, and was of intense interest to those who knew the country and had traversed it on foot.

Mr. Ivan Champion’s route lay clearly exposed, the limestone ridges, valleys, and ranges, he must cross on his way from .'the Turema to the Strickland, but whether these districts contained a large population it was impossible to say.

In order to get above the clouds, which were banking heavily, and to avoid the high mountain peaks, Gurney was forced to rise above 14,000 ft. on his return flight. Mt. Hagen was reached about noon, after descending gradually from the clouded heights of Mt. Gilua which, rising to 11,000 ft. stands on the border of Papua and New Guinea.

On their return flight to Wau the following day, February 3rd, Messrs. Jack Hides, Ivan Champion and A.D.O. J. L.

Taylor proceeded to Salamaua, to combine their different geographical data.

Those of the party not concerned with mapping (Messrs. F. E. Williams and Lewis Lett) returned to Port Moresby, the same day.

While at Mt. Hagen, the party were entertained by Fathers Ross and Meiser of the Roman Catholic Mission and Mr.

Dan Leahy, brother of the well-known explorers, whose mining claim lay not far distant.

Cook Is. Population is Increasing XJAROTONGA’S struggle to recover from the joint effects of the depression and last year’s hurricane was described by Judge H. F. Ayson, Resident Commissioner, when he reached New Zealand recently to attend a conference on Cook Island affairs.

The depression and hurricane had caused considerable hardship, he said, but conditions now were generally satisfactory. Low copra prices had forced many of the people, especially in the northern group, to go back to a diet of fish and coconuts, with practically no means of providing the other necessities of life; but copra now showed a rising tendency again.

On account of the embargo on the importation of Australian oranges into New Zealand, it was hoped that better prices would be secured for fruit from the group than in the past, he added.

Referring to the medical side of the Administration’s activities, Judge Ayson said the health of the natives had greatly improved since New Zealand took over responsibility for the islands. Tropical diseases were being stamped out, and good work was being done by three students who had taken a course at the Fiji medical school. In the past 16 years, there had been a marked natural increase m the population of the islands, the total now being 12,000, exclusive of Niue.

Judge Ayson stressed the beauty of Raiotonga, and urged New Zealanders to visit the island as a health and holiday resort.- J.C.G. 40 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Mr. and Mrs. P. G. Rogerson reached Papua after leave in Australia by the Macdhui in February. Mr. Rogerson has now taken up duties in the Government Stores Department at Port Moresby.

Mr. Albert J. Morris, of Levuka. Fiji, recently married Miss Sophie Victor at Oneviro, Levuka. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Father A. M. Roth, S.M., of Suva.

Mr. O. H. Stanley, clerk in the Treasury Department of the Fiji Government, returned to Suva with his bride by the Monterey in February.

Huts and living quarters on a French planter’s coconut estate in New Caledonia. 41 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Economic Development In New

GUINEA Administration Charged with Indifference and Delay

Letter To The Editor

YV/tTH great astonishment we read in your last issue a paragraph which stated that the Administration at Rabaul was now investigationg the pulping possibilities of kunai grass; that test areas had been planted, and that comparisons were now being made between kunai and esparto.

We have for the past seven years been carrying out investigations into the potential possibilities of the raw materials of this Territory. We were led to an investigation of kunai grass owing to what we already knew of the value of the indigenous esparto, in Spain and North Africa. Early in 1929 we succeeded in producing a very high grade cellulose pulp from kunai, and on completion of our own tests we had check analyses made in Australia, and by the world’s greatest cellulose users, the Du Pont Co., of Delaware, U.S.A. Du Font’s analysis may be of interest. It is as follows: “We received after some delay the sample of pulp submitted to this Company and referred to in your letters of October 27th, 1930, and March 6th, 1931. Our analysis, given below, confirms your statement of cellulose content.

Following this, we investigated, at our own considerable cost, the facilities this country could offer for the erection of pulping factories and the possibility of markets. We found that the Mandated Territory could easily become as great a pulp producing country as Norway, and that cellulose pulp could be produced here at a very low figure. As is customary, we had our figures checked and confirmed by overseas experts. In 1930, we put the whole of our figures and information before the Wisdom-Page Administration in Rabaul, and asked whether, as there was a strong likelihood that oversea paper-making firms would be prepared to erect plants here, the Administration would make available areas - of waste kunai land on reasonable tenure and at a reasonable rental per annum. After fighting for nine months for a reply to our report, we were curtly informed that nothing could be done.

In February, 1935, we wrote to our new Administrator, Mr. McNicoll, and repeated our request for areas of waste land. On the 31st July, 1935, an Ordinance to amend the Land Ordinance, 1922-1935, was passed by the Legislative Council, nominally in order to make areas of kunai land available for cutting. However, the whole value of the Ordinance was destroyed by the inclusion of Section 3, which states: “The Administrator may, by giving twelve months’ notice in writing to the holder of a licence granted under this section, cancel the licence either absolutely or to the extent to which it relates to any area specified in the notice.”

This speaks for itself. No reputable company will erect a £200,000 factory if, at a year’s notice, the Administration may, at its discretion, without the necessity of giving any reasons and without hope of appeal, deprive the company of the areas from which it draws its raw material. Before the Governor-General’s assent to this Ordinance was given, we wrote in protesting against this clause and urging that it be recast or omitted.

Its inclusion is quite unnecessary, as a clause could easily be inserted in the Ordinance which would obviate the danger of any Company locking up big areas of land without making use of them. We received the old and characteristic reply from the McNicoll-Page Administration that “the strongest possible exception” was taken to our objection.

That is where the matter stands at present. In our opinion no reputable company would dream of touching kunai 42 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Cables ‘Voltage” 15 Castlereagh Street, Sydney ’Phone: B 3135. grass on the above terms, although the Ordinance may be useful to “wildcatters.

This treatment is what we have been taught to expect from our bureaucratic Administration during the past eight rears that we have spent in research work here We discovered the presence m this Territory of an indigenous hemp, which has successfully competed in the London market with Manila hemp. Again, areas cannot be secured for its commercial exploitation.

Since 1928, we have been urging, on the Administration* and the Federal Government, the installation here of coir fibre spinning and weaving factories, pointing out that their operation would more than double the value of the ex-German plantations. Furthermore, we have proved the correctness of our figures; but again nothing has been done here.

The whole of our work has been carried out entirely at our own cost. All our information has been placed regularly before the Administration; but, during almost the whole of the period, not only have we been denied any reasonable assistance in our research, but an official clique, by no means representing the bulk of the Public Service, has done its utmost to discredit all the work we have carried out. The reason for this is perfectly well known in Rabaul.

In conclusion, we would like to point out re kunai pulp that it is quite unnecessary for the Administration at this period to carry out any tests of this raw material. Many years ago the most careful and comprehensive field and labora ■ tory tests were made by us. Our results were checked by men of international authority, as the Administrator knows very well. And the full results are, or should be, on file both at Central Administration and at the Agricultural Department, Rabaul.

We are, etc., THOMAS V. and J. T. WALLACE.

Valaur, Rabaul, T.N.G., 27/1/36.

This is a copy of the letter which Mr. T. V.

Wallace addressed to General McNicoll, Administrator, on February 22, 1935: In going through my papers I came across .some correspondence in reference to kunai pulp which, J think, may be of interest to you. I am attaching it hereto. This is by no means the complete scheme that we placed before General Wisdom and the Federal Government some years ago; but this may be sufficient to show you the value of some of the work we have carried out on behalf of the Territory. .

We were first led to investigate the possibilities of kunai grass by what we had seen of the esparto industry abroad. Without being too technical, I might say that for the production of a good class paper, wood pulp is unsuitable. The high class journals published in England, use, instead, a pulp made from esparto grass, which grows prolifically in Spain and North Africa. The grass is harvested by hand, transported many miles by camels to the sea, and shipped in bales to British factories.

When we first began our investigations, some of the alleged “experts” informed us that kunai was unsuitable for pulping purposes because it contained too much “pith.” A very brief test convinced us that kunai contained no pith, and that it was capable of producing a cellulose pulp even superior to esparto. We had our figures checked by Dadswell, of Canberra, and by the world’s greatest users of cellulose pulp, the Du Pont Company of U.S.A. We then seriously investigated the possibility of erecting pulping mills in New Guinea, and after carrying out exhaustive field and other tests, we definitely proved that the Mandated Territory could become as great a pulpproducing country as Norway. Nowhere else in the world could similar facilities be found. There is a great and never failing supply of raw material contiguous to fresh water, with hydro-electric facilities and cheap labour. We devised processes for the cheap production in this Territory of the necessary lime, carbonate of soda, sizing, chlorine. and other bleaching agents, and we found that an enormous market exists in both Australasia and in the Far East for the pulp produced.

As to costs. After making ample provision for working expenses, interest on capital, insurance, depreciation and amortization of loans, we proved that a very high nett profit per ton could be shown on all pulp produced. Our figures were checked and confirmed by paper-making and artificial silk manufacturing countries overseas.

Had the scheme gone forward, at least a quarter of a million pounds’ worth of pulp would now be exported annually from this Territory, and there is no reason why eventually exports of cellulose pulp and paper should not far exceed in value the exports of copra. Australia would be securing paper pulp at a cheaper rate, and the money now being paid for pulp and paper imports would not have gone outside Australian Territory.

Unfortunately, as in all big undertakings, outside capital had to study the reaction of the Administration to the proposed new industry, and as was at that time to be expected the whole thing was howled down.

It is perhaps just a happy coincidence that, since getting out of this Territory, General Wisdom is now actively engaged in furthering a precisely similar scheme in Papua.

If you are at all interested and would like further particulars I shall do my best to supply them. 43 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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OCEANIA A Journal devoted to the study of the Native Peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific Ocean.

Editor : Dr. A. P. Elkin (Professor of Anthropology at the University of Sydney): Assistant Editor ; H. lan Hogbin.

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Foundering Of

“TIAFAU”

Amazing Rescue of Survivors From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 4.

THE motor-launch Tiafau, which foundered in the strait between Upolu and Tutuila on January 17, when carrying passengers and mails from Apia to Pago Pago, was 41 feet long, of 16 tons gross register, and was owned by Messrs.

Burns Philp and Co. Ltd.

The vessel met a heavy sea in the strait and suddenly rolled right over and became waterlogged. Then she rolled back again, and Captain Hicks, his crew of three, and 17 passengers (all except Mrs.

Croudace being Samoans) scrambled onto the hull, which remained about three feet under water.

The captain sought volunteers to go with him in the 10-feet dinghy to the land, 14 miles away. There were none; so he took with him two of his crew— his son and a Fijian sailor —and Mrs.

Croudace, and he left about 5 p.m. The rowlocks of the dinghy had been lost, so the oars were made fast with ropes, which, as no knife was available, had to be chewed apart.

Baling all the time, faint and exhausted from the exertion, the cold and the continuous wetting, the four people in the dinghy reached Aleipata after 13 hours, in a high sea, at 5 a.m. on January 18.

Here they found the motor boat Magia, also belonging to Messrs. Burns, Philp, and Captain Hicks, with others, left at once in the Magia to look for the Tiafau.

They cruised in the strait for eight hours, looking for survivors. Then they returned to Aleipata, picked up Mrs.

Croudace and two sailors, and went on to Apia, arriving there at 11 p.m. on January 18. The steamer Hauraki had also been searching; but on receiving the Magia report by radio from Apia, all hope of survivors was given up, and the Hauraki turned away northwards on her voyage to Vancouver. Captain Hicks’ feat of endurance was not the least of the many remarkable features of this accident.

Meanwhile, the 17 persons who had been left clinging to the wreck on Friday afternoon, and who included women, children and old people, had a terrible experience. After some hours, fighting the wild sea in the darkness, they began to get exhausted, and one by one they lost their hold and slipped away.

The stronger men were heroes—especially Faae’e, the engineer of the Tiafau, and lolu, a native medical practitioner.

All through that night, and during the pitiless heat of the following day, they watched over the little party; and as individuals became exhausted and sank, they would dive after them, and bring them back to the wreck, and revive them.

One* can scarcely imagine the horror of those endless hours. All Friday night, all Saturday, and far into Saturday night, those 17 people clung to the derelict vessel. They drifted rapidly northwards through the strait, and so the searching ships missed them. Their rescue was a miracle.

The Hauraki had abandoned the search, and was two hours on her way to Vancouver, when at 1 a.m. the lookout man heard shouting close to the Hauraki, and sighted the wreck of the Tiafau about 20 yards away. It was a difficult task to take the exhausted people, battered and stiff after clinging for 34 hours to the half-submerged wreck, on board the steamer. One woman was thrown by the waves against the Hauraki’ s side and injured. At 3 a.m., all the shipwrecked people wer<? on board and under care, and the Hauraki turned back to Apia, which she reached at 6.30 on Sunday morning, January 19. All the rescued people—not one was lost —recovered quickly.

Inquiry—And An “Incident”

A court of inquiry was set up to investigate the accident. It consisted of Mr. R. V. Kay, as commissioner, with Captain J. W. Jones, an experienced master mariner: Hon. I. H. Carruthers, M.L.C., a shipowner of long experience, and Mr. C. Winterstein, a former captain of island vessels, sitting with him as assessors. Mr. G. T. Jackson conducted the enquiry for the Administration, and Mr.

G. Klinkmueller represented the owners, Messrs. Burns Philp (S.S. Co.) Ltd., and Captain Hicks.

Much evidence was brought to show the weather conditions when the vessel sailed, and the condition of the vessel herself. There was discussion concerning ballast carried, and the amount of sail hoisted.

There was a lively “incident” when evidence was being given by Mr. R. H.

Brown, manager of Burns Philp (S.S.) Co. Ltd. He was questioned by Captain Jones, one of the assessors, who expressed the opinion that there had been a certain amount of negligence and lack of seamanlike husbandry on the Tiafau.

Mr. Klinkmueller accused the assessor 45 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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The Commissioner adjourned the sitting, and the matter finally was submitted to the Acting Administrator, Mr.

A. C. Turnbull. The latter found there was no reason why Captain Jones should not continue as assessor, but that the interests of Messrs. Burns, Philp should be fully protected. Assessors’ questions in future should be transmitted through the Chairman. Captain Jones had assured the Chairman that he had not prejudged the case.

The inquiry is still proceeding.

No Sugar Industry For

PAPUA T 4 HE jilan to establish the sugar industry in Papua—which country probably is better suited for sugar-growing than any other part of the world—is definitely overboard. The Australian Minister for Customs has explained that there is a general world-wide over-production of sugar —a world conference, attended by Australian delegates, is even now assembling in Europe to decide what is to be done—and Australia therefore could not encourage the cultivation of new areas.

Mining Township’s Tribute To a Well-loved King THE friend who kindly sent us a report of the service held in the social hall at Bulolo, T.N.G., on January 28, in memory of King George V., omitted to give the name of the man who delivered the principal address. This was unfortunate; because, among all the hundreds of addresses delivered on that sad occasion, we read none that was more moving or eloquent than that of the unknown man at the Bulolo mining camp.

Here are the concluding sentences: “It is a matter of record that during most of these crises, in one way or another, when the Government of the day reached a deadlock, and the situation seemed hopeless, the King, by his advice and example, always wise, always constitutional, always directed towards the best interests of his people, showed the way out of trouble.

“Through all these troublous times King George kept his people’s love and loyalty —the crash of toppling thrones throughout Europe only served to seat the Throne of England more firmly. The most striking example of his people’s affection occurred during his dangerous illness of some eight years ago—in his own words: “ T have been brought back from the danger and weariness of the past months by the wonderful skill and devotion of my doctors, surgeons and nurses. And help has come from another source of strength; as month after month went by, I heard of the widespread and loving solicitude with which the Queen and I were surrounded. I was able to picture to myself the crowds of friends waiting and watching at my gates, and to think of the still greater number of those who, in every part of the Empire, were remembering me with prayers and good wishes. The realisation of this has been among the most vivid experiences of my life.’

“This is the man we mourn—simple, yet wise, fulfilling his high office with dignity, yet never losing the ‘common touch,’ loving his people as they loved him.”

Preparing for Mid-Pacific Air Service U.S.S. Officers in Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 6. 7 1 ’HE Stationship, U.S.S. Ontario, of the -*• American Naval Station at Pago Pago, Eastern Samoa, arrived at Apia on January 29 for a short visit.

She brought 40 wardroom and 78 native deck passengers from Pago Pago to Apia.

Fares of these passengers will be credited to the “Tutuila Hurricane Fund” in aid of sufferers from the results of the disastrous gale on January 16.

Among the passengers were a party of officers from the U.S.S. Ithasca now on a second visit to Pago Pago to investigate and study conditions on the proposed air route from Honolulu to Pago Pago, which is to be continued to Auckland. In accordance with the contract between Pan American Airways and the New Zealand Government, a branch line to connect Apia with Pago Pago is provided for. Captain Meyer of the Ithasca and the well-known airman Mr. C. W, Stephens were also on board.

The Ontario left Apia on the return trip to Pago on January 31. The American “gobs” are welcome visitors to Western Samoa, where they spend quite a bit of money and make a host of friends, especially among the fair sex. 46 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Suva, Lautoka and Ba. m mm * Progress on the New Guinea Goldfields From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, Feb. 6.

Yl/A.U is now a well ordered township, * * neat and compact, with well laid out streets. The houses lie in gardens gay with flowers —rcses, dahlias, balsams and marigolds—and in the centre, and around which the township is built, lies the aerodrome. This is the heart of the community, and upon which Wau relies for communication by ’plane. Without the aeroplane, the township and the mining community that surrounds it would hardly be in existence to-day.

Wau is a remarkable little township, where apparently everyone is doing well.

It has an air of bright cheerfulness, which is not usually encountered in a tropical centre, and the reason, of course, is gold, and plenty of it.

The township seems to have all the facilities of a modern metropolis. It even boasts of a beauty parlor where “perms” and, perhaps, even face lifting can be obtained!

Road To Bulolo

The road to Bulolo is progressing.

Each week that passes one sees a further extension of this indispensable roadway, linking up two important centres, with all the conveniences that motor service can bring. Already cars can drive more than three-quarters of the way down. It is understood that the road will be completed very shortly.

Club House At Wau

Very remarkable to newcomers is the Club House at Wau, which has only recently been opened. It is a mixed club, and is used freely by visitors from distant settlements on their visits here, as well as by residents who find it of inestimable value.

The principal room is large and square shaped, with a very well furnished verandah. Screens of coloured glass shut off the glare, and a billiard room lies along side.

New Hotel At Lae

Mr. Tom Flower, well-known to residents in Papua and New Guinea, recently completed a very fine hotel at Lae, a contract to the order of Mrs. Stewart, of Wau. Particular interest is attached to this hotel because the whole of the wood work was cut at' Wau and taken down by ’plane.

It is a well constructed, modern building, with a comfortable sitting room on the ground floor, and has plenty of bathrooms with running water. The commodious bar and billiards room are up-to-date, and the kitchen is remarkable for its size and conveniences. The bedrooms are large and airy. A verandah runs around the top floor, well shaded and made comfortable by lounge chairs and small tables.

The hotel, it is understood, is under lease to Mrs. Baldie, formerly a resident of Papua.

Guinea Airways’ Efficiency

The activities of Guinea Airways Ltd. astound the new arrival, who is amazed at the efficiency, enterprise, and management of the colossal undertakings extending throughout the Morobe goldfield and far into the interior of Papua and New Guinea, which include carrying passengers and freights, and maintaining regular communication.

At times 20 or more ’planes can be seen landing at Wau, within short intervals of one another, on their way to and from the mining camps that lie scattered far away in the distant ranges. Like a flock of birds they alight and fly off to all points of the compass, making for the 30 or more aerodromes that form the nucleus of each settlement.

At Lae, the chief aviation centre, over 100 skilled Europeans are employed in the workshops and hangars, which house besides other ’planes three huge Junkers (3 engined and capable of lifting 3 tons), seven small Junkers, two 12-seater Fords and a small Moth, all ready for any emergency.

Recently the Administration opened a new District Office at Lae in charge of Mr. A. Roberts, A.D.O. This innovation is of great assistance to the authorities, as well as settlers in the district.

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IT’S A PASTE! number of native labourers are employed with a view to commencing production at an early date.

Mr. Dan Leahy’S Camp

Mr. Dan Leahy’s mining claim on the slopes of Mt. Hagen, five miles from the landing ground is said to be working well, though reports suggest that within nine months it is likely to be worked out. The mining camp in this remote area is remarkable for its comfort and efficiency.

The well equipped house is fitted out with electric light and other comforts which are rather surprising for a dwelling in an “uncontrolled” area of New Guinea.

When Girls Will Be

BOYS TTAVING an Eton crop, a slim figure * and a fondness for donning masculine attire, I am sometimes landed quite involuntarily into some merry—and perhaps not-so-merry—situations, especially when travelling among unsophisticated natives in Fiji.

Their amazement and disapproval cause me some silent chuckles. Those who know me greet me with effusiveness and smiles if my garb is feminine. But if it is not —woe betide me! I am subjected to a battery of glances that would make the Sphinx wince.

On one occasion, clothed coolly in shorts and shirt and a beloved straw hat, which had once been an aristocrat, and still retained a fragment of its former glory.

I went gaily along to a planters’ meeting with Dad, the chairman.

Maidenly decorum forbade my attending thus arrayed, so I besought me a place in which to change. The village was full of huts, but I was unknown. However, I soon espied a kindly looking woman, and, in my halting Fijian, I explained my dilemma to her. She eyed me up and down and the kindly expression vanished.

She pointed coldly to a hut in which there were several men.

I could not understand her peculiar attitude.

“You don’t understand,” I said. “I want to change in your hut.”

With very bad grace she led the way inside her house. We were followed by a crowd of little boys, who were interested spectators.

I crowded myself into a corner and proceeded, under the embarrassingly direct gaze of the youthful audience, to replace my shorts, etc., with a frock.

The eyes of the audience nearly dropped out.

“Ha! Ha! Ha! Ho! Ho! Ho!” chortled the woman, her face all nice and beaming again.

“Why the mirth?” quoth I.

“You’re a girl,” they chorused.

“I could have told you that,” I retorted —then suddenly remembered that I hadn’t and thereby caused a heap of unnecessary confusion.

However, I noticed that when I returned to re-don my travelling gear there were no spectators.

EM.

How to Use the Taro ONE of the most useful of tropical vegetables is taro. While it can be used plain, boiled, mashed, fried in slices, or chips, it also makes very tasty patties and fritters. The following recipes are quite easy, and should not present any difficulty to a cook boy, if once shown how to make them up.

Taro Fritters

Peel and shred the taro on a grater. Have ready a well-beaten egg, add the grated taro, seasoning to taste, and sufficient self-raising flour to make fritters that will keep their shape. Drop spoonfuls into boiling fat, and brown. Serve hot.

TARO PIE Peel and cook the taro in salted water and, when cooked, strain and mash well. If the taro is a moist one, return the saucepan to the stove for a few minutes with the lid off to take out some of the moisture. Take equal quantities of onions and tomatoes (tinned tomatoes will do) and arrange in layers in a pie dish, slicing the onions in rounds. Add seasoning, a little sugar, and flour between each layer, and bake in the oven until nearly cooked. Spread a deep layer of the mashed taro on top, dot with a few pieces of butter, and return to the oven until lightly browned.

Taro Patties

Prepare the taro as in the foregoing recipe and, when cooked, add a well-beaten egg, and finelychopped onion, and mix well. Form into patties and fry in a little fat until golden brown. Serve with gravy made by lightly browning flour in fat, and adding a little marmite. Next add cold water and gradually bring to the boil, stirring all the time to prevent lumps forming. When it has thickened, allow to boil for a few minutes to cock the flour.

Parsley Squares

Boil, strain, and mash the taro, and add sufficient finely-chopped parsley and seasoning to taste. Add well-beaten egg and stir until thoroughly mixed. Place in greased pie dish, having the moisture about an inch deep. When cold cut into squares, roll in egg and breadcrumbs, or, if preferred, in a batter made with flour, egg yolk, and milk, and lightly brown in a little fat.

As A Salad

To use taro as a salad, dice cold boiled taro, pour over mayonnaise and mix thoroughly. Serve on lettuce or watercress.

Many ways of varying these dishes will suggest themselves, some of which are adding chopped mint, herbs, tomato sauce, or marmite to the cooked taro.

“ARAORE,” PAPUA.

Savoury—Fried Taro

Boil taro first—any kind will do, but I find water taro best. When cold, cut into thin rounds, cover each side with a thin coating of marmite.

Put all into fry-pan, and fry in hot butter or dripping. Taro, cooked this way, is delicious and is a good stand-by when there is no meat.

“TINY TIM,” KAVIENG. 48 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Islands Distributors; Paul&Gray Pty. Ltd. 82-84 Sussex St., SYDNEY A POLYNESIAN ROMANCE Career of Peter H. Buck THE career of Professor Peter Buck, who has just been appointed to the directorship of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, of Honolulu, is a romance of modern Polynesia, writes Mr. Eric Rams- ’den in the Sydney Morning Herald of February 22.

It is superfluous to say that the post is the most important scientific one in the Pacific. The wealthy Bishop Museum has, in recent years, carried out important anthropological and ethnological research in the different islands of the Pacific, British, French, American, irrespective of nationality. The international character of the Bishop Museum is again exemplified by the appointment of Professor Buck, a British subject of aristocratic Maori lineage. To the Maori people he will always be known as Te Rangi Hiroa.

The late Rider Haggard once referred to the Bishop Museum as “the finest and most unique museum in the world covering a special field.” It was founded in 1889 by Charles R. Bishop, the American husband of Bernice Pauahi, a Hawaiian princess. Mrs. Bishop traced her descent from Kalaniopuu, the moi or king of Hawaii at the time of Captain Cook’s visit, when the group consisted of several distinct autonomous sovereignties; she was also descended from King Kamehameha the Great. Charles Bishop, her husband, became one of the wealthiest and most influential commercial men in the group.

On the death of Mrs. Bishop in 1884 her will provided for the establishment of the Kamehameha School, and among her effects were numerous curios of great value.

Foundation Of Bishop Museum

Mr. Bishop realised that in years to come, the collection would increase in value and importance, and it was placed in a “cabinet” for the use of teachers and students of the schools. Five years later he decided to establish the Bishop Museum as a memorial to his wife, and a perpetual trust was founded for that purpose. Other collections were purchased and added to the original “cabinet,” until to-day the Bishop Museum’s feathered cloaks and ancient Hawaiian weapons are unrivalled in the world.

Apart from the actual collections on view, the Bishop Museum has placed the whole Pacific in its debt by publishing scientific and historical bulletins. In all probability Teuira Henry’s “Ancient Tahiti,” founded on the observations of her grandfather, Rev. J. M. Orsrhond (a missionary well known in New South Wales in the early part of last century), would never otherwise have seen the light of day.

Professor Buck was himself engaged in scientific investigation in Samoa, the Cook Islands, the Gamblers, and elsewhere, on behalf of the Museum of which he is now the head. James F. Stimson, a brilliant American, is now working In the Tuamotu group compiling a dictionary of the greatest importance to Polynesian scholars. Kenneth Emory has worked in Tahiti. Indeed, the compass of the investigations carried out throughout the Pacific by the Museum’s staff reflects the highest credit. The pity is that we did not possess a similar foundation years ago.

Peter Buck is the world’s authority on Polynesian textiles. Indeed, one could quite easily say that he was the leading authority in the world on Polynesia. But his interest in weaving and plaiting commenced many years ago in New Zealand, and eventually led him to the path of scientific investigation, the road that was to win him world-wide fame.

He started life with few advantages.

Ngarongo-ki-tua, his mother, a chieftainess of Taranaki, died when he was an infant. In the village school he found himself treated as a Maori, though his father was a Pakeha (European), and in the Maori village he was regarded as a Pakeha. “The only way in which I could hold my own,” he once told me, “was to keep a lap or so ahead of the other children in the school, and I had little difficulty in doing that!” There came a time when the ambitious half-caste lad thought he would have to abandon all hope of a scholastic career. But, eventually, he entered Te Aute College, and also later, the Medical School in Dunedin, carrying all before him.

Won D.S.O. In Great War

After serving his people as a medical officer of health, he entered Parliament as successor to the late Hone Heke, and became a Cabinet Minister. The Cook Islands, where, years later, he performed important scientific research, for a time were administered by him. Then came the Great War, for which he left as second in command of the Maori Pioneer Battalion and returned with a D.S.O, After 49 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, .1936

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No man realises more what an important part a wife plays in his life than Peter Buck. Throughout his long and fascinating career, on his many journeyings retracing the canoe tracks of his ancestors across the Pacific wastes, on his quests for scientific knowledge in Europe and America, Mrs. Buck has been his constant companion and help. She also served with distinction in the war, and received an M.B.E.

The tragedy is that Peter Buck’s services have been lost to New Zealand.

What a different story might have been told if he had been appointed Administrator of Western Samoa!

Ketch Lost

“Plover” Sinks in Storm Off Papuan Coast From a Special Correspondent.

SAMARAI, Feb. 13.

THE ketch Plover, owned by Mr. D.

Henderson, pearl-sheller of Samarai, was lost off the north-eastern coast of Papua, on January 30. The owner’s son, Mr. R. Henderson, who was on board, and 10 natives, managed to reach the shore safely.

On a recruiting trip, the vessel lay becalmed in Goodenough Bay, some 12 miles to the N.E. of the Anglican Mission station at Dogura. About 3 p.m. a big N.W. storm appeared in the bay and bore down on the ketch with such force that before she had time to get steerage way and head into the storm, she was thrown on her beam ends. The water poured into the hold, from which some of the natives were escaping. It was now teeming with rain, and the ketch quickly sank.

Luckily a dinghy which was on deck floated off, and into this scrambled the unfortunate white man and natives.

Realising that 11 persons and a dog were far too many for a 9ft. dinghy, Mr. Henderson ordered three natives to clamber onto a hatch cover which, had also floated off. This was secured astern of the dinghy.

By this time the storm had blown itself out, and the rain had ceased. The coast line was now visible, so the party commenced their long pull to the shore.

After about six hours they scrambled ashore at Wedau village, just below the Anglican Mission station.

The missionaries were at once informed and they immediately took care of the eleven weary men. The mission schooner Maclaren King later took Mr. Henderson and the natives to Samarai.

At an inquiry on February 3 into the foundering of the Plover, it was stated that the loss of the vessel was covered by insurance.

Pacific Migrations and Racial Theories A T the Sydney University on February 27, Dr. A. P. Elkin, of the Australian National Research Council, commenced a series of lectures on Pacific peoples with the subject of “The Distribution of Native Races in the Pacific”.

Illustrating- with a number of striking anthropological photographic studies, Professor Elkin showed that mixtures of types from the four main divisions of mankind —Caucasian, Negroid, Australoid, and Mongoloid—were to be found in the Pacific Islanders. With the aid of maps he traced the paths which, according to theory, were takep by the types on their journeys by land and sea into the Pacific Ocean.

It is generally accepted amongst anthropologists that the present peoples in the Pacific are descendants of races who had worked northwards from Africa and the Mediterranean, and southwards from Northern India, and converged, and spread eastwards through the chain of islands between south-eastern Asia and New Guinea, and continued on through the Pacific.

According to Dr. Elkin the main divisions of native races in the Pacific are: Mongols, in Micronesia; Aborigines, in Australia (and, with a Negroid admixture, in Tasmania); Melanesians (roughly, the inhabitants of islands west of Fiji); and Polynesians (comprising the peoples east of the 180th. parallel).

The lecturer also touched on the interesting anthropological problems of Polynesian communities to be found in Melanesia—such as Tikopia, etc. —and the mysterious remnants of former races in the Pacific —such as the strange carved figures on Easter Island.

Mr. George K. Whittaker, M. 1.0. (Syd.), who is well-known in New Guinea where he has been connected with the Department of Public Health since 1925, recently resigned from the N.G. Administration.

He has now set up business at Wau as an optician, and has installed a complete spectacle-making and lens-grinding plant. 50 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Pages From The Past

The Romance of John Salmon and Queen Tinamana

By Julian Hillas

ABOUT the heads of commoners who have attained royal rank there has always been an adra of mystery and adventure. Brook of Sarawak, Ross of the Cocos Islands, even the negro Emperor Jones of Haiti. Kings, sometimes only for a day, they sweep like picturesque meteors across the more prosaic pages of history, rising—and often falling—by the force of arms.

Not so John Mortimer Salmon. The only arms he used were those he wound around the young and beautiful Princess Mereana, of Arorangi, Cook Islands, and, clinging to her, lifted himself to the rank of Prince Consort, Court Treasurer, Chairman of the Federal Parliament, and possessor of the grandiloquent title of Te Ariki tapu Rangi —Sacred Chief of the Heavens.

And yet, contrary to popular conception, he lived to regret what he had done.

Grandson of one Thomas Dunnett, of Ramsgate, John Mortimer Salmon spent his youth in Tahiti, appearing in Rarotonga some years later as agent and representative of John Brander, a Papeete merchant.

In the 70’s, Rarotonga was ruled by its last independent sovereign, Queen Makea Nui Ariki, an old lady as Aercely jealous of her royal prerogatives as she was quick to punish those who attempted to usurp or question them.

Arriving in Rarotonga in 1874, Salmon immediately fell in love with the young Princess Mereana, heir presumptive to the throne of Arorangi—a district on the western side of the island —and a niece of the powerful Queen Makea. Mereana, unspoiled and lovely as a tropic dawn, returned his affection, and all that remained was for them to get married, which they would have proceeded to do had not Makea “hit the roof” of her corallime palace.

“Never while I live!” said the old Queen, and things being as they then were it looked as though she spoke truly.

For, standing four-square behind the throne, was the London Missionary Society, at that time represented by James Chalmers (“Tamate” —afterwards murdered in Papua). Rev. Mr. Chalmers also had matrimonial plans for the future Queen Tinamana, and these did not include the Aamboyant John Salmon, whom the former in no way considered a suitable person. So he threw the whole weight of his organisation against the proposed marriage and carried the day.

But John and Mereana were made of sterner stuff. Their love was forged in the heat of a grand passion which even deAed the L.M.S.

John now turned to more practical sources. The Humholt, a trading schooner belonging to Brander, was lying in Avarua, loading cotton, and the captain was a friend of Salmon’s. For a consideration he agreed to take the lovers over to Mangaia, a distance of some 110 miles.

On the night arranged for their departure, Mereana almost wrecked the venture, for womanlike, she had left her packing to the last moment and was unable to decide what should or should not be taken. But eventually, accompanied by three friends as young and foolish as herself, she stole down to where Salmon had beached a borrowed canoe.

Stealing across the lagoon, their paddles cut a phosphorescent path through the warm water, brilliant as the star-hazed Milky Way above their heads. Several times they paused, and to divert suspicion Salmon lit the palm-leaf Ashing torches which he had brought for the purpose. Thus they passed the schooner Coronet, whose master, Captain Rose, was known to be hostile towards the lovers, and reaching the Humholt, were taken aboard.

Half an hour later the Humholt slipped gently through the reef passage. Morning found the hue and cry hot on the fugitives’ trail.

The Coronet was despatched in pursuit, and, Ailed with Makea’s picked warriors, whooped its way across the sapphire sea, a short lap behind the Humholt.

The vessels reached Mangaia almost simultaneously, where the spokesman for Queen Makea demanded the immediate surrender of Mereana. Feeling ran high, and the Rarotongans persisting in their demands, Brander’s captain announced that he would shoot the Arst man who attempted to board him. Whereupon the Coronet, being the faster of the two ships, threatened to return to Rarotonga and there burn the Humholt’s cargo of cotton, which was still on the wharf. At this 51 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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The two vessels made the return voyage together, the Rarotongan contingent whooping even more vociferously than before, and poor little Mereana, loverless, and dispirited by the prospect of having to face her formidable Aunt, indiscriminately shed tears on both accounts.

For the next year or so, Salmon wandered disconsolately from island to island, and the flame of desire which Mereana had kindled burnt steadily, fed by letters and messages sent secretly on friendly schooners. Back eventually in Tahiti, he there learned for the first time that Makea’s opposition had weakened, and throwing all on a bold move sailed again for Rarotonga in the Atalanta.

At Rarotonga he found that the Queen was away in Atiu, an island of which her husband was hereditary ruler, and although Rev. Chalmers remained adamant to argument or entreaty, Makea, after a little further persuasion, consented to send for the lovers. Once more John and Mereana prepared to embark, but the Rarotongans, influenced by the L.M.S., refused to allow Salmon to take passage, The latter, feigning resignation, waited until evening and under cover of darkness was carried aboard the Venus, concealed among a pile of mats, and although the vessel was searched before sailing, he remamed undiscovered.

But the natives, still suspicious, and urged thereto by the missionaries, pursued the Venus in their own schooner, the Ngamaru Ariki. Makea, however, hunted them away on arrival at Atiu, and there, after various other delays, John Salmon and the Princess Mareana were married.

For several years John - continued as agent for Brander, living in comparatively humble circumstances at Tup-apa, in Rarotonga. It was during this period that the notorious “blackbirder”, Bully Hayes, paid the island one of those visits which invariably left somebody the worse off, and the flamboyant John Mortimer was exactly the kind of person in whom Mr. Hayes specialised.

Breezing ashore, the Captain placed an order for supplies that ran well into three figures. All day whaleboats ferried cases out to the sinister, swift-sailing craft lying in mid-channel. Salmon, it appears, either had no knowledge of the man with whom he was dealing, or else overestimated his own ability to outwit the other. With the last load he went onboard himself.

Hayes was pacing the poop, shouting orders and waving his arms. Salmon approached him with a sheaf of invoices, but for all the notice he received he might as well not have been present.

Sails were being shaken out, and the cable rumbling in before Hayes appeared to see his visitor.

“Good God! Mr. Salmon,” he exclaimed, “What are you doing here? You’d better step lively or you’ll be coming along with us.”

Again John attempted to thrust the papers into his hand.

“Invoices?” Hayes asked him in a puzzled tone. “Keep ’em. Everything’s aboard, isn’t it? . . . Well, that’s alright then —you’ve got the invoices and I’ve got the goods. We each know where we stand, don’t we? What more do you want?”

“But the money, Captain,” John expostulated, casting an anxious eye over the side.

Hayes ran him to the rail. “Now then, Mr. Salmon,” he said sharply. “Another thirty seconds and you’ll be bound for Samoa. We’re under way already, .so make up your mind!”

John scarcely hesitated. Tumbling into the waiting boat he watched “blackbirder” move gracefully away on the tide.

Captain Hayes had made another coup.

For a quarter of a century Salmon provided his neighbours with amusement. In 1888 Mereana’s uncle having died, she mounted the throne of Arorangi under the hereditary title of Tinamana, John modestly contenting himself with the lesser rank of Prince Consort, Prime Minister and Court Treasurer. From the house in Tupapa they moved to the double-decker Palace at Arorangi.

Life now blossomed with a new fulness.

Queen Tinamana hung on her husband’s lightest word, and her subjects, following her example, paid him a deference which was vastly to his liking, while any European who was foolish enough to address him as “Your Highness” might safely count upon a royal welcome.

But finance, always the bugaboo of in- 52 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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ENGINES BUZACOTT & CO. LTD., 711 Market St > Sydney digent royalty, became a pressing problem. John’s ideas were too lofty to keep pace with Tinamana’s income. Frequently he was hard put to find the means of carrying out his grandiose schemes, and local traders soon began to regard him with a suspicious and despairing eye. It was a long time before they either forgot or forgave him for the project which ultimately cost Donald & Edenborough (predecessors to the present A. B. Donald and Co.) close on £7OO.

Consigning through this firm, Salmon despatched a sample cask of island limejuice to San Francisco. The report which came back was highly satisfactory and the repeat order considerable. But at this stage it struck the Prince Consort that by adding salt-water to each barrel, he would not only save himself a great deal of trouble, but also “fortify” the pure juice!

Living at the edge of the lagoon rendered this an easy process, and on the next ship away went several dozen casks of “fortified” limejuice.

On the strength of these he wrote to one of the largest carriage works in California that “he was instructed by Her Majesty, Queen Tinamana, to request that eleven buggies be forwarded to her through Donald & Edenborough’s local branch”, the invoice to be sent on by the same ship to the firm’s head-office in Auckland, where it would arrive «a fortnight after the goods had been delivered in Rarotonga! John had learned a wrinkle or two about invoices!

The buggies duly appearing, they w-ere assembled and magnanimously presented to the leading chiefs of each district!

Meanwhile, the “fortified” limejuice had also reached its destination; and there was poured into the harbour at San Francisco. Donald & Edenborough were left to recover the sum of £7OO from the Prince Consort. Needless to say, they never succeeded in doing so.

And then, in 1908, Mereana died.

Had Fate reversed the order of their deaths, John Salmon might have passed ‘“to that bourne from which no traveller returns” a happy, contented man, to the last a central figure on the little stage of his choice.

But with Mereana’s decease his day was over, and to poor John the night of eclipse must at times have seemed painfully long.

Relations of the new Tinamana, wearied by past pretensions, hustled him unceremoniously from the Palace, stripped him of his honours and fine-sounding titles, permitting him finally, out of respect for the late Queen, to occupy a little house which he had once built opposite the royal dwelling.

Almost penniless, and attended by two servitors as decrepit as himself, John Salmon sank slowly into an obscurity feebly lit by the pale light of memory.

Even those whom he had formerly wined and dined at his table now forsook him.

With Irish lace at his cuffs, and the toes of his canvas shoes ever wearing thinner, he eked out a miserable existence as a casual interpreter.

In a tarnished gold-laced cap (the present of a visiting warship) and wearing the medal which he had bestowed upon himself when Chairman of the Federal Parliament, he was more an object for pity than ridicule at such functions as he appeared at —a shadowy ghost from the days when romance and adventure marched across the page of Islands life; an anachronism in the swiftly-moving pre-war era of 1909, which was soon to obliterate even the site of his last restingplace, by erecting over his grave the first of the chain of packing-sheds that now rings Rarotonga.

T.I. Mourns Loss Of

Rev. Junius Schomberg

From Our Own Correspondent THURSDAY IS., Feb. 22.

IVf ANY people on Thursday Island and I*l in the Torres Strait district are mourning’ the loss of Rev. Junius Wilfred Schomberg, Superintendent of the Anglican Mission on Moa Island, who died on Thursday Island on February 5.

He was brought to the local hospital in a serious condition, and after suffering from acute septicaemia for a week passed away despite the self-sacrificing attentions of the doctors and nursing staff.

Mr. Shomberg had been a missionary in these parts for 14 years, and will be remembered in many ways, particularly in connection with Mission buildings for which he was responsible. He was buried in the new church he was erecting at St.

Paul’s Mission (Moa Island) by the Bishop of Carpentaria, in the presence of the local clergy and many hundreds of natives. 53 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Mr.C. A. W. Monckton

DEAD r T'HE death occurred in London on March 1 of Mr. C. A. W. Monckton, r .K.L.b., F.C.Z., who was for many years a Resident Magistrate in Papua.

Mr. Monckton retired from the Papuan Service some years ago and subsequently lived in New Zealand and in London. He distinguished himself in Papua as an explorer; and after he retired from the Administration he wrote a number of books which covered his recollections of life in Papua and which have enjoyed a constantly increasing sale. They are “Some Experiences of a New Guinea Resident Magistrate"; “Last Days in New Guinea” and “New Guinea Recollections” the latter being published in 1934.

Every one of those books has been praised by literary folk, the world over.

They give intimate glimpses of life in New Guinea; describe the experiences of administrative officers with rare dramatic skill; and withal they are written with a delightful sense of humour. The writer of this paragraph, who personally has read Mr. Monckton’s books again and again, confidently prophesies that they will be popular in the long years to come.

Mr. Monckton, who had many friends in the Pacific Islands, was only 63 when he died. \ Rev. Father X. Riegler, of the Sacred Heart Mission at Yule Island, Papua, returned to the Territory by the Montoro from Sydney on February 26, after furlough in France. He has been a missionary in Papua for over 30 years.

Australia-New Guinea Air Service Link with Hong Kong Also Suggested IT is understood that, in February, permission was sought to inaugurate a regular airmail service between Australia and New Guinea; but that the Federal Government refused permission, on the ground that all Empire air services at present are more or less in the meltingpot.

It is reported that the proposal came from Carpenters Airways, which now carry on an important service on the Morobe goldfield.

It is believed that one of the chief reasons for delay in approving an Australian-New Guinea air service is that an air service between Australia and Hong Kong through New Guinea has been suggested.

New Governor Of

FIJI THE King has approved the appointment of Sir Arthur Richards, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gambia, as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, in succession to Sir Murchison Fletcher, who has been appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Trinidad and Tobago.

Sir Arthur Frederick Richards is 50 years old, and was educated at Oxford, where he graduated B.A. He joined the Colonial Service in 1908; and he spent the next 25 years in Malaya, rising steadily from post to post in the various British Administrations there, and rendering distinguished service. He was appointed Governor of Gambia, and knighted, comparatively recently. Sir Arthur Richards has a special knowledge of the Asiastic races, and in that respect is well qualified for the Fiji post, where he will have to deal with the Indian problem.

Samarai Next Port Of

CALL ‘“Joseph Conrad" Leaves N.Z.

With Gold-Seeking Party CONTINUING her voyage to Papua with a gold-seeking expedition, the sailing ship Joseph Conrad left Auckland, New Zealand, on February 27 with Samarai as the next port of call.

The Australian mining engineers purchased in Auckland a 23ft. launch, which was placed on board the Conrad The launch will be used to transport native boys and stores up the rivers of the islands to be visited in their search for gold.

Neither the mining men nor Captain Alan Villiers would divulge the exact position or names of the islands, but it is understood that the party will be put ashore in the Louisiade Archipelago.

Situated at the eastern end of Papua, the Louisiade Archipelago comprises several hundred small islands. 54 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Salome Harris, Leper, Hangs Herself

Tragedy Revives Memory of the Fate of William Harris From a Special Correspondent.

JALUIT, MARSHALL IS., Jan. 15.

WHEN Salome Harris, a young and intelligent half-caste woman, who had been adopted and protected by the wellknown Capelle family, committed suicide yesterday (January 14), she supplied another link in a chain of tragedies which have attended her family.

Salome Harris, who had lived a happy, normal life, became ill; and, to her horror, it was discovered that she was infected with leprosy—a risk taken by many dwellers in Islands towns. She was notified by the officials that on a certain date she would be taken to the leper station, a little islet some distance up the lagoon.

Salome Harris immediately began to write farewell letters to friends and relatives, here and elsewhere, stating her desires concerning her children and property. She also wrote a letter to the local officials concerning the disposal of her body upon her death. These letters were all put away securely, where they would not be found until later.

On the day prior to the act determined upon, she chatted with friends as usual, and although sad, did not appear to be unduly downcast, and gave no one an inkling of what she had in mind.

She retired to rest as usual, but arose early next morning, bathed, put on clean clothes; then went into another room, closed the door, and, by a rope fastened to a beam, hanged herself. When discovered some time later, by one of her children, she was dead, but still warm. ' Suicide is very uncommon in the Marshalls. I can recall but four during a period of forty-five years. During the first forty years there was but one case: the other three occurring during the last five years. Is this to be regarded as a sign or result of advancing civilization?

Salome Harris, although born in the Marshalls and residing here all her life, was not of Marshall Island extraction.

Her grandfather was William Harris, an Englishman, a former trader at Nauru.

Her grandmother was a native of that island.

Mention of William Harris recalls a tragic event of the past. I give it to you as it was recently told me by one who acted as supercargo of the vessel referred to.

The fore and aft schooner Ebon, in command of a German, Captain Becker, left here some time in 1889, for Nauru, on a,trading cruise, with some twenty returned labourers on board. While laying off and on to the leeward of Nauru, with two whale boats from the shore alongside, Captain Becker allowed the schooner to get too far out, instead of keeping near the land, as advised, so as not to get caught in the strong westerly current.

Captain Becker was a “know-all’’, and thought that he could easily run back to the land, as he had a leading wind at the time. When several miles distant from the land, a white man in one of the boats, Sam Halstead, having got all he required, started for the shore with his crew of strong paddlers. On account of the strong current it took them about thirty-six hours of hard paddling before they arrived.

The other boat, in which was William Harris, two other white men and the returned labourers, remained by the schooner, expecting to be towed up near the land before casting off.

Captain Becker was advised by those who were familiar with the place to go on the other tack for some miles, so as to have a better slant when heading for the land again. He is alleged to have said: “Mein Gott! With an E.S.E. wind, I vos not going to tack for Gott himself!"

Well, the Ebon apppeared to be going ahead, but all the time was getting fur- •ther from the land on account of the strong current. By sundown the land was out of sight.

Then Harris and those with him decided to pull for the shore, rather than drift away for days with the schooner.

Moreover, the captain was not altogether willing to attempt to beat back.

They started out, hoping to see before long the torchlights of the fishermen, which would give them their direction.

And that was the last that was seen or heard of them for many a day.

Several years passed, and all hope had been given up of ever seeing any of them again. Then, one day, two young Nauru women, who had been in the boat, arrived back at Nauru in a trading schooner.

Then it was learned just what happened in that fateful attempt to paddle ashore.

It appears that there was plenty of gin in the boat, and the natives were given a nip, every now and again, to encourage them at the paddles. All nipped too often, and all got drunk, and the boat kept on drifting to leeward.

When they recovered, vain attempts 55 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Telegraphic Address: “Ivan Sydney.” were made to reach the land, but they had only a hazy idea of its direction. They had plenty of provisions in the boat, but very little water, and so suffered severely from thirst.

Some three weeks later they reached Santa Cruz Group, Southern Solomons, where they were put in some sort of a stockade by the natives of that place, fattened up, and killed and eaten from time to time —all except the two young women, who were taken by a chief as his wives.

One day, about five years later, a German cruiser—either the Cormoran or the Condor —was slowly cruising along, close inshore, off Santa Cruz, when the men on watch sighted two swimmers making frantic efforts to reach the vessel, and being pursued by others.

The cruiser headed up towards the pursued, and took them aboard. They proved to be the two women referred to above—the only survivors of the boatload which reached the island. They were taken by the cruiser to Ponape.

From there they were sent on here in a trading schooner, and thence on to Nauru.

That is the story as I get it from .Mr. de Brum, who was acting supercargo on the Ebon when she went to Nauru, and who often travelled in the German cruisers, acting as interpreter.

Dr. George Brown

Work of Great Methodist Missionary REMEMBRANCE of the centenary of the birth (December 7, 1835) of Dr.

George Brown, a pioneer missionary in the South Seas, was placed on record at the annual meeting of the Methodist Mission Board in Sydney on February 4.

Members of the Board passed a minute stating: “As a missionary in Samoa for many years.

Dr, Brown succeeded in a remarkable degree in reviving Methodism at a difficult and critical time in its history, and his name is still held in reverence in that group. As a.pioneer missionary to New Britain, Papua, and the Solomon Islands, he roused the Church in Australia to renewed missionary activity, and was instrumental in founding missions that have brought rich blessings to many thousands of once-heathen people. As General Secretary of the Missionary Society for 20 years, he directed wisely and energetically , its affairs, and living to a ripe old age, left behind him gracious memories. The receding years are enabling the Church to see in clearer perspective his greatness .and to estimate more accurately the abiding worth of the work he accomplished.”

The following brief survey of the work accomplished by this great Methodist missionary and explorer was written by Mr. Ronald Hicken, and was published in Sydney in February.

After many unsuccessful attempts to settle down in various pursuits, George Brown determined to go to New Zealand, chiefly because, as he afterwards whimsically put it, New Zealand was farthest away from England. He accordingly left for London in March, 1855 and whilst on the boat met Bishop Selwyn and the Rev, J. C. Patteson, of the Melanesian Mission, who were also bound for the southern dominion.

Soon after his landing in Auckland he began to attend a class under Rev. J. H.

Fletcher, then headmaster of Wesley College, Auckland, and later principal of Newington College, Sydney. In 1859, the superintendent of the Auckland circuit spoke to him about the opportunities of service in the Christian ministry. The conversation made a deep impression upon the restless spirit of the younger man, and at length, in 1860, he was accepted as a candidate for the ministry, and appointed to Samoa. He immediately arranged for the voyage, and, in company with his young wife, set out from Sydney in the John Wesley , on September 26, 1860.

On arrival in Samoa, he found that his circuit consisted of the whole of the large island of Savii. He entered upon his work immediately, and soon realised that the greatest need of the mission there was for a number of native teachers, who could be relied upon and whose Christian lives were beyond reproach. He therefore began to give special training to a group of likely young men, and within a short time they were ready for the work. He found, however, that in spite of a profession of Christianity many of the people living in the outlying districts had very little knowledge of the most elementary obligations of the Christian profession.

After 14 years’ residence in Samoa, Brown left in 1874 for Sydney. He had for some years felt the need of extending the operations of his Society to other island groups, and immediately on his return to Australia commenced to agitate for the establishment of a mission among the natives of New Britain and New Ireland. He was successful, and in April, 56 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Positions Wanted WIDOW AGE 35, AND SON 17, would like positions of Housekeeper and clerical or store work, respectively. Both healthy, of good appearance and experienced. Excellent personal references. Have lived in tropics.

Please write— “E.M.,”

C/o Pacific Islands Monthly, Box 3408 R, Sydney. u O Sail with mo o’er sapphire ~~ seas!

And leave the cares of life behind, *Mid reef and palm and spicy breeze A freer, calmer fate you’ll find.

O, quit the stress for fame and wealth, And all its toil and hate abjure, For coughs and colds which mar good health Bring Woods’ Great Peppermint Cure.

Woods’ Great Peppermint Cure, For Coughs and Colds, never fails. 3 Doctors said -“Duod”

Hardy’s Saved Operation unUjUi R.M.HAROY’S O,^nONt(JlcER^ TtP flEMfiOf.

Extract of letter from J. E. Brazendale, New Norfolk, Tasmania.

Mr. R. M. Hardy. Dated July * 1933> Dear Sir, I have suffered indescribably for three years from Ulcerated Stomach. Three doctors told me I had a duodenal ulcer and must undergo an operation, and 1 was X-rayed for the purpose. Just at the time I was recommended to try Hardy’s Remedy, and I did so. I used two tins of the remedy and part of another in the course of about three months, and now I can both eat and drink anything that I choose, without the slightest discomfort. I am a new man entirely.

Yours faithfully, (Signed) J. E. BRAZENDALE.

This is but one of dozens and dozens of letters, telling how sufferers from stomach complaints have found complete relief in R. M. Hardy’s wonderful discovery.

Obtainable at all Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd. stores. 3/6 per tin. Note the generous size.

Scientific research has proved that all stomach troubles, indigestion, gastritis, flatulence, ulcerated stomach . . . can be successfully and quickly relieved by using this marvellous mineral cure. Suffer no longer, try Hardy’s. It won’t fail you.

R. M. HARDY’S

Indigestion And

Ulcerated Stomach

REMEDY

No Dieting ... No Headaches ... No Stabbing Pains

1875, left Sydney for his new field.

Brown’s first sight of New Britain was on August 14, 1875, and in the afternoon of the next day, the first service was held there. Brown found the flora and fauna particularly interesting, and several collections which he afterwards sent to London were mentioned in the proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1877-81.

He found the natives living isolated lives, each tribe jealous and afraid of its neighbours, and he felt that before any permanent work could be accomplished, this isolation must be broken down. He, therefore, set to work to bring the various tribes into touch with each other. He found this to be a most difficult task, but gradually his repeated efforts and friendly influences made themselves felt, and he had the joy of seeing a more friendly relationship take the place of the old distrust.

Brown’s residence in the New Britain and New Ireland groups continued until his return to Australia in 1881. His retirement from strenuous work in tropical lands was forced upon him by his failing health, but he continued until the end to take an active share in the missionary work of his church.

Recovery Of Papuan

RUBBER Koitaki Estates Pays Two Dividends From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY. Feb. 20.

BESIDES declaring a dividend of per cent, for the year ended June 30 last.

Koitaki Para Rubber Estates Limited, operating a rubber plantation lying 30 miles outside Port Moresby has announced an interim dividend of 6d per share. The Company must be congratulated on its speedy recovery from the effects of the depression in rubber which lasted from 1929 until 1933.

Rubber planters in Papua to-day are in a fortunate position. The market price has been rising steadily, added to which the grant-in-aid of 2d per lb., the exemption of primage and the advantage of the exchange make the margin of profit even more acceptable. The position was serious at the end of 1930 and had not the continued representations for assistance from the Federal Government resulted, in November, 1930, in a duty of 4d lb. on all foreign rubber entering the Commonwealth except from New Guinea and Papua, the industry no doubt would have ceased to exist.

This measure offered the Papuan growers the sale of their produce on the Australian market at a price between 3d and 4d better than world parity. Later, in February, 1933, to suit the needs of the Australian manufacturers, the duty of 4d was extended to Papuan and New Guinea grown rubber, but the duty was returned to Papuan planters as a grant-in-aid.

In October, 1933, the duty of 4d was reduced to 2d. This caused some concern, but as the market price rose to 7 3-8 d in September and has continued to remain steady, the fears of the planters have subsided.

Captain Maurice Godley, Aide-de- Camp and Private Secretary to the Governor of Fiji, sailed from Suva for England on furlough by the Niagara on February 8.

Rabaul’S Roads Improved

From a Special Correspondent.

RABAUL, Feb. 21.

THE roads of Rabaul continue to show marked improvement. Recently 70 chains were treated with bituminous surfacing with excellent results.

Direct communication between Rabaul and Toma will shortly be established and this will be a great convenience for visitors to the little hill settlement away from the sultry heat of Rabaul.

Altogether the roads in the Territory are receiving great attention. New roads are being made, besides the improvement of those already in use.

Apart from the commercial advantage gained by speedy communication, roads in New Britain and New Ireland are a great attraction to residents and tourists.

They wind in and out along the broken coastline, branching inland past villages, and along avenues of palms, until they reach higher altitudes which reward travellers with beautiful views of the surrounding islands and reefs. 57 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Avoid Inert Creams

What woman does not sigh after this radiant freshness, this juvenile tint that excites admiration? CREME SIMON makes the skin lovely, —it is always active and is delicately perfumed.

For Perfect Beauty use

Creme Simon

poudrV°simon (7 Shades), and

Simon Soap

CREME Si Mi ONI PARIS Obtainable Chemists and Stores Sole Agents: Joubert 6- Jouberl Pty.Ltd.,Melbourne ott Sp 0* de _ T iVvc P uv , a rvd ueeP iteS , c vou G^ uX ° 47 n *\Rtt °* A fcot* ' fcb o“ C °'° S °L e «nce _

Survey Of Morobe Area

From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, Feb. 10. /CONSIDERING the nature of the country, it is not astonishing that the Government Geologist, who has been sent out to make a topographical and geological survey of portions of the Morobe area, finds progress slow, and that his work has been retarded.

The Morobe goldfields district is broken and rugged. High mountain ranges and precipitous gorges enveloped in dense jungle growth obstruct passage way right from the coast far into the interior.

However, in spite of the difficulties, it is reported that great progress has been made, and that the Geologist’s survey is nearing completion.

Miss H. Clark, of Nausori, Fiji, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the Monowai on February 13, after spending two weeks in New Zealand, For several years Miss Clark has been a nurse in the medical section of the Methodist Mission among the Nausori Indians.

Pattern Service

WE have arranged with a well-known Sydney firm of pattern-cutters to publish each month, a diagram of a seasonable frock, patterns of which may be obtained by our readers direct from this office, post-free, on payment of the sum stated under the diagram. Address your letter to “Patterns,” Pacific Islands Monthly, Box 3408 R, Sydney, and enclose a note giving the number of the pattern you want and bust size, and enclose also the price of the pattern in posted note or stamps. The pattern will be sent by return mail. 8168. —All eyes will be centred on this frock in seer-sucker fabric. Revers are cut in one with the front yoke which provides the fastening. Skirt has a low section attached each side, forming an inverted pleat at the seams. Flap pockets give a sporty finish. Material (for 36in. bust): 3J4 yds. 36ins. wide. Bust sizes 32 to 40 ins.

Mr. and Mrs. Ivo Lucchinelli returned to Fiji from Sydney by the February Monterey, Mr. Lucchinelli is a District Inspector in the Fiji Government Service.

Miss Vera Pearson sailed from Sydney for Papua by the Montoro on February 26. She has been a nurse at the Methodist Mission’s hospital at Salamo, Papua, for several years, but has resigned to be married to Rev. H. Robinson, of Salamo, early in April.

Miss M. C. Roberts, Matron at Apia Government Hospital, returned to Western Samoa from leave in New Zealand by the Maui Pomare on February 7. Miss North, who relieved Matron Roberts, returned to Wellington by the same vessel the following day.

Frock, 8168—1s. 1d. 58 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 19 3 6

The Only SEWING MACHINE Guaranteed for your Lifetime The New BBobarfaid - llliiebirfl Bebarfalds have such confidence in the New Improved 1936 Model Bebarfald Bluebird Sewing Machine that they are now supplying with each machine sold during April and May a Lifetime Guarantee. This means that the Bebarfald Bluebird is so reliable that any part wearing out or breaking during the purchaser’s lifetime is replaced free by Bebarfalds Ltd. Their years of experience as pioneer manufacturers of cabinet sewing machines, enables them to sell these reliable machines with such wonderful guarantees.

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trol (sews both ways), special set of Automatic Dressmaking Attachments, and large Instruction Book free. Post coupon now for copy of the free book, “How to Judge a Sewing Machine.”

The New Improved Bebarfald Bluebird is guaranteed in writing for the Purchaser’s lifetime. A written guarantee ensures the return of your purchase money if the machine is not as represented. Automatic backwards and forwards stitch condd ■ /'c c cd au /j >« (Hand Machine • f a aa / (Cabinet as PRICES FROM £l2 Complete) and £l9/19/. illustrated) Bebarfalds have over 40 different cabinet designs to select from, all fitted with wonderful Lifetime Guaranteed Bebarfald Bluebird Sewing Machine Heads. Post coupon now for full particulars, and copy of the free book, “How to Judge a Sewing Machine.” ■COUPON.' AUSTRALIA’S LARGEST FURNITURE STORE ! Beba/Talds Opp Town Hall, George St., Sydney Please send me full particulars of your Lifetime Guaranteed Bebarfald Bluebird Sewing Machine, and also copy of the free book, “How to Judge a Sewing Machine.”

Name Address I Dainty Handbag Mirror free to the first 30 inquirers. 1.M.4.

Fashion Hints for Islands Women By Therese EVENING brings gaiety and brilliance in its train. Chinese blues, mandarin reds, and royal purples lend themselves to the glorious gowns for glamorous nights, when all goes merry as a marriage bell.

Mermaid, Victorian and classical lines vie for supremacy and slinky silhouettes grace the cocktail hour. Like an Arabian night is the lovely figured gown of oriental design. A deep V-decolletage graces the slim tunic which tops the sweeping skirt, and shrieks sophistication.

A swinging hooded cape of black makes a dramatic entry when thrown over a clinging gown of purple shot satin, with ruffles of silver at the throat. Sea green satin sheathes in slim perfection the lovely form, slender as a birch tree. A coat in deeper shade, with huge bolster sleeves, makes it of even more striking beauty.

Cascade draperies give classic lines to simple evening gowns. With modified epaulettes and draperies that slim the hips, the gown of peach satin, its draperies and epaulettes lined with rust, is lovely to look at, delightful to wear. Alluringly feminine is the frock of crepe romaine, moulding the hips flatteringly with cleverly arranged diagonal tucks which sweep to fulness at the hem.

The bouffant frock still holds sway for the debutante. In spotted net with groups of guaging on shoulders and hips it is the spirit of romance.

A tiered dress of black tulle floats buoyantly to success. Rhinestones wink in its murky folds, and slim shoulder straps a.nd a flower trimmed corsage endow it with the charm of youth.

Shirring is used extensively. A Chinese red morocain ripples its bodice diagonally in soft drapes, shirring to fulness in the same attractive way its softly falling skirt.

Navy, black, grey and brown are having a tremendous vogue for evening clothes and are meeting with surprising success.

Long coats cut with high waists and with sharp revers claim attention for day and evening wear, as do the popular jackets which grace the evening blouses and skirts.

Skirts need no heralding. They are short and tight for the day time, with cleverly covered divisions to give width for sports occasions. An extra skirt is always essential, so the check or plaid wrap-over is ideal.

Gay little short sleeved blouses of ginghams and crisp cotton breathe smartness and efficiency. Waistcoat blouses are smart and sporting with the new square set-in sleeves. Fresh and crisp little blouses of guaged taffeta are delightful for afternoon; while lames, satins, and georgettes are correct for evening hours.

Linen suits and open mesh sports frocks are light-hearted wear for the tropics— run-about suits with narrow skirts and basqued blouses and frocks that button from neck to hem.

A little jacket frock of flat tucks in alternating colours —light and dark blue, biege and brown, pink and raspberry—is buttoned up to its demure collar with wooden buttons and encircles its waist with a suede belt clipped attractively with buckle of wood.

A chic little frock of navy silk trims itself with white buttons and covers its slim perfection with a swaggering swashbuckling coat of white, with large navy cuffs. A white hat, navy banded, completes the ensemble. A two-piece ensemble with basqued blouse gathered to fulness at the bodice front is swathed with a wide belt and tops a pencil-slim skirt sporting the übiquitous split.

Interest for day wear centres around the shoulders, neck and sleeves, and there is a wide variety for choice. The new throttle neck is charming for the tall woman with a slim neck. It can be achieved with frills of stiffened chiffon, taffeta, or a pique lined collar crisp and fresh.

A good style for the short woman with a plump neck is the revered bodice extending to the waist. Wide sleeves with fitting undercuffs make the hands slim and graceful.

Lacings and patch pockets offer lively interest plus charm for the sports frock.

There is no obvious fulness in out-door clothes. It is subtly achieved in its clever cut or by pleats; or shaped inset panels give necessary width.

For active or spectator sports wear interest comes in the panel skirt, fitting collar, and pockets on skirt and bodice.

An open V neck line on the sports frock is a happy change and, with the addition of buttons down the front and back, and fulness at the top of long sleeves, leaves nothing to be desired.

Buttons and belts are still headlines in the fashion world and present themselves with infinite charm and variety for the most exacting taste. A black and whit© zephyr frock with white Quaker collar, and large softly falling black artist’s bow, has a black patent belt and black and white shoes to march it on its way to chic.

A pert upturned sailor hat of white straw, patent leather banded, fills the wearer with intense joy. 59 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

At Blue Mountains

SPRINGWOOD, N.S.W.

Springwood Ladies’ College Est. 1897. Kindergarten to Leaving Certificate. Tennis, Riding, Swimming, Team Games. Unequalled climate. Pure Jersey Milk. Senior and Junior Houses. Open-air sleeping. Inclusive fees. Special vacation arrangements for Island pupils.

M. E. DURAND, Principal.

There’S No Substitute

For Quality

ARNOTT’S SAO BISCUITS are the result of half a century of specialization, they have that light flaky texture —that perfection of quality which makes them delicious with butter, cheese, ham paste or fruit, and exceedingly popular with everyone.

On cold nights try them this way: Butter the SAO Biscuits, grate a little cheese over each, and sprinkle with cayenne pepper—one minute in a hot, dry oven and serve whilst hot.

ARNOTTS FAMOUS SAO R E. O D, BISCUITS Always ask your Grocer for Arnotf’s

“They Are Better Than Ever”

Mrs. N. Walker-Flynn

Late 35 Powell Street, Coogee

COSTUMIERE

Malaguna Road, Rabaul

Hemstitching And Picot

EDGING Copies of Mab’s Fashions; Roma’s Pictorial Fashions and Home Fashions available.

P.O. Box 11C. TeL: 141 A frock of polka dot cotton with open collar, frill encircled with organdi, is crisp and cool the clock round, and full of youthful charm.

A detachable collar that can be worn back to front according to mood goes over a slim fitting jumper whose long sleeves are tucked at the wrist with turn-back cuffs to match its unusual collar.

Crepe georgette afternoon gowns with soft pleated bodices repeat the pleating note in groups in the skirt and the full to the wrist sleeve. Soutache embroidery with its military note, holds its popularity and does amazing things to simple afternoon frocks. Lingerie touches freshen the dark frock surprisingly and lift it from gloom.

A simplicity that is both charming and chic is in the afternoon gown of lilac crepe with tucked bodice tied with a softly falling bow, brilliant clipped at the neck line, and with sleeves cascading to slimness at the wrist.

In shoes, the übiquitous court, cut slightly higher, still holds sway. Patent leather shoes, with bag to match, are always good for formal wear. Bronze shoes are delightful with wine coloured dresses, and the two-tone shoe is sure of an enthusiastic reception.

Coiffures have undergone a happy change. Innumerable curls, praise be, are no longer the demier cri. Fashion decrees neat, trim, sophisticated heads on which may perch the provocative and flippant creations called hats only by virtue of the fact that they are worn on the heads.

There is individuality in every quaint model, and milady’s choice is as varied as the winds.

Material hats are legion and sport matching bags. The halo hat for the young and very sweet becomes a travesty on the woman of mature years for whom the curved brim with downward slant is infinitely more becoming. Velvet flowers on winter hats, in lovely colourings, are original and charming.

The evening coiffure calls for imagination. Feathers, birds on the wing, or wing only, flowers perched at all sorts of unexpected angles, make it gay and attractive for gala occasions.

Fra Angelica hoods and capes of varied and lovely materials are worn by the loveliest ladies this season with a charm indescribable.

An Islands Baby

Stick Up On Your Writing

DESK (It will save you hours of wasted labour; and retain to you many friends.) NEVER write a letter; and never destroy one received! (Chesterfield).

Write so as to please your correspondent, not yourself! (Maurois).

An evil man knows that he is evil, without hearing from you! (Dickens).

Never joke in a letter; and never criticize! (Maine).

A man often digs his Future’s grave with his undisciplined pen. (Abbe).

Condense! Condense! Words are like sun-beams: the more they are condensed the more they burn! (Dalbiac).

Your letter is only one of fifty, remember! (Sir John Lubbock).

If you keep that long letter of which you are so proud for twenty-four hours —you’ll never post it! (Wells).

The longer your letter, the less influence it will have! (Chesterfield).

Never write giving advice, unless you are paid for it! (A.J.V.).

Vacant chaff, well meant for grain (“In Memoriam,” Tennyson).

Mr, and Mrs. A. S. Evensen left Sydney for New Guinea by the Montoro on February 26, after furlough in Australia.

Mr. Evensen is manager of Coconut Products’ plantation at Pondo, Rabaul.

This young lady, who is sampling Papuan life through the eyes of a one-year-old, is Miss Judith Hinds, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Percy Hinds, of Port Moresby. The “snap” was taken on February 26, when Judith celebrated her first birthday. 60 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Id. 2£d. 6d.

Number issued ... 144,000 88,000 88,000 Number sold 136,239 83,966 82,928 Total value sold £3505.

TESTIMONIAL —Just Received “Please send to the following lady friends of mine, addresses enclosed, a free sampl of Koko, your won derful hair dressing have tried it and will never be without 'Koko.' It is the best dressing 1 have ever used.”

The readers of this Magazine can also have a free sample, or, in the alternative we would advise sending us 1/- and we will post our Test Packet, which contains a sample of Koko for the Hair and a 6d packet of Koko Shampoo Powder.

Address Box 92, Haymarket Post Office, Sydney, N.S.W.

X From Chemist or Store at 1/3, 2/9, 4/6.

Koko-Maricopas Co. Ltd.

“Civic House,”

Kent St M Sydney, N.S.W TIT The Ideal Sydney Home fc ♦ ♦ ♦ Islands Children SITUATED ON THE HEIGHTS OF THE BEAUTIFUL NORTH SHORE IN DELIGHTFUL. HEALTHY, OPEN SURROUNDINGS. * SUNNY ROOMS, SPACIOUS PLAYGROUNDS. TENNIS COURT.

GOOD FOOD AND ALL THE CARE AND COMFORT OF HOME.

Owing to the need for more accommodation “Tamarang” is now located at the new address, given below. lister Ecnnp Clinic . . .

House Mother: Mrs. G. Allnutt Assistant: Miss E. Allnutt Write to . . .

“TAMARANG” 8 Fidden’s Wharf Road, KILLARA, SYDNEY Tel.: JX 3089 wSTiS'happu.,7.: Children suffering from paralysis, whose parents desire them to have the Sister Kenny Treatment, may be placed in the care of Mrs. Allnutt, at “Tamarang,” the Hostel being easy distance to the Royal North Shore Hospital, where the clinic is located.

The children will be well looked after in every way and receive every con- RiHprAtinn nprpccarv for thpir wpII.

“UNCONTROLLED”

NATIVES Primitive N.G. People are Slowly Absorbing Civilisation From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, Feb. 22.

THE Wahgi valley is reported to be quiet and peaceful.

The large Mogei tribe living to the east of Mt. Hagen is friendly and is quickly absorbing new methods of agriculture, under the guidance of the missionaries and the Government. Steel axes and knives, which they previously refused to buy, have now been acquired, and they have learnt to trench deeply, whereas before it was superficial.

At intervals Fathers Ross and Meiser, of the Society of the Divine Word (a German order) hold services in the district at which already a few natives attend. The Wahgi natives trade freely with the missionaries selling them vegetables and pigs, and working for them when they feel so inclined. Far from being lazy, however, they do not care much for working for the white men as their own immediate tasks fully occupy their days.

These primitive people are in danger of becoming air-minded, though the arrival of a ’plane is still attended with interest. Shortly they will not take much notice of the machines which will be looked upon as a commonplace.

Bena Bena District

Very little inter-tribal fighting has occurred recently in the Bena Bena district.

It seems that the natives have become wise to the protection offered them by the presence of the Administration. Harassed tribes from outlying districts are settlingnear the Police past, and there have actually been proposals to make settlements near the vicinity. Established villages have become larger, showing clearly the feeling of security.

The construction of the road linking up Bena Bena with the Chimbu and Ramu Police posts is being rapidly extended, and to the west is reported to have reached Mahometo.

CHIMBU VALLEY.

Though the work of extending the Government’s influence is steady and persistent in the Chimbu Valley, there is yet much to be done before the natives recognise law and order and peaceful conditions.

Intermittent fighting occurs between tribes often from trivial causes, or at least what might appear trivial to those not acquainted with the complexities of so primitive a culture. It will be some time before the Administration can declare the district open to settlement or prospectors.

Good progress has been made around the Police post in maintaining gardens and erecting labour and police quarters. The gardens, it is hoped, will provide sufficient food for the post, making it self supporting. All measures are convincing the natives that the Government has come to stay, and already signs are evident of confidence and respect—which is most encouraging.

A portable wireless set has been installed at the post, by which the officer in charge is in communication with Salamaua. This is of great assistance to the isolated and far-flung post.

Stamps Again!

Cook Is. Jubilee Issue Was Little Goldmine From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Feb. 26.

THE limited issue of Cook Island Jubilee postage stamps has already operated profitably for those who were shrewd enough to foresee the rise in value.

An almost phenomenal leap in values took place when London dealers, not expecting such a general demand for Jubilee issues, failed to secure adequate supplies of the set of three which were issued in the following numbers: Jubilant last week was Trader “Viri”

Watson, possessor of some £5O worth (including- many first-day covers) bought at par and now listed in London catalogues at 5/9 stg. (7/3 N.Z.) per set. Gloating, Trader Watson refused San Marino’s peripatetic Consul-General Jamieson’s offer of 150 per cent, profit. He confidently anticipates an eventual gain several times greater and regrets only that he did not buy the £4OO worth which Postmaster Horn returned when the issue was withdrawn last August.

Certainly, those with money available missed a “sweet thing” when they passed up the Jubilee issue, since at no time was there any possibility of an actual loss, and £4OO worth of stamps bought last August would to-day fetch approximately £lOOO.

Visitors to the Islands, however, have been more astute, one such having recently acquired some £3O worth of stamps at prices varying from par to twice face value.

Which, of course, is one way of making one’s holiday pay for itself!

Rev. L. A. McArthur, 8.A., principal of the Methodist Mission’s George Brown Training Institution at Vunairima, New Britain, left Sydney by the Montoro for Rabaul on February 26. He has been on furlough in Adelaide for some months, where his wife and child are now residing until they are able to join him in New Guinea later in the year. 61 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Berg* Full Gloss Super Finish for everything that travels/

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Melbourne Party To Seek

Gold And Timber

SEEKING gold and timber on some of the small and seldom visited islands around Papua and New Guinea, an expedition will shortly leave Melbourne in a 75ft. steam launch for those territories.

It is reported that the party will be headed by Mr. C. Chapman, who recently disposed of his mining interests in Central Australia in order to join the syndicate.

A small company with £lO,OOO capital (2,000 shares of £5 each) has been floated.

The expedition will be away for three months and will take a cinematograph record of the places visited. The vessel will be fitted with wireless.

Mr. O. E. Probys, of Thursday Island, has resigned from Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. to join his wife and child in Sydney.

New Guinea Aerial

MERGER Letter to the Editor I REFER to an article published in your January issue, entitled “Protest in N.G.,” and dealing with the proposed aerial merger.

Pacts have been revealed that some months ago all smaller aerial organisations were approached with a view to transferring, for a consideration, of course, their interests to one company (Guinea Airways Limited). The majority of companies at that particular time were in agreement with the proposals put forward, but during the months which followed they wisely revoked their acquiescence.

Nothing further was heard until January, when it was made publicly known that proposals for a merger were to come before Cabinet on Wednesday, January 22.

Immediately this was circulated, a public protest meeting was convened, and attended by representatives of all sections of the community. A representative committee was elected to protest against a monopoly being granted to Guinea Airways Ltd.

The prologue to this politically-controlled merger was rehearsed when the Minister for Home and Territories (Sir Geo. P. Pearce) visited the Territory some months back, when he was the guest of Guinea Airways Ltd., which company are the sponsors of the merger.

The investigations said to be made by the Minister were not in any degree representative and, up to within two days of the protest meeting, even the Government officials of the Morobe District did not have any knowledge of what was going on.

It therefore appears that the discussions referred to were confined to the one direction only. Such an action leads to the belief that all was not above-board.

As is usually the case with anything savouring of politics, many flowery epistles and orations have manifested themselves, but all the whitewash concerning defence in a Mandated Territory, and safety and efficiency, will not dry on us.

Competitive freight rates bring increased business, and increased business necessitates a greater measure of efficiency to cope with the demands; and when you come to consider the consistently large dividends paid by aerial companies charging the existing favourable freight rates, all the “hot sand and ginger” expounded concerning efficiency is in effect ridiculous.

In conclusion I would state that the publication commented upon by you was based on facts and authentic evidence and this is backed by communications subsequently received.

I am, etc., A. NEIL PROUD.

S.M.H. Correspondent.

Wau, T.N.G., 25/2/1936.

Prospector’s Viewpoint Letter to the Editor YOUR explanation of the intentions of the Commonwealth Government with regard to air transport is very enlightening. But it does not matter what company or combine is in control —the result will be the same.

The fact that this move has been “on foot for eighteen months,” without the people of New Guinea knowing anything about it, is enough to show just what consideration the public will get from the Federal Parliament.

There is at least one company in New Guinea with a most efficient aeroplane workshop, which could undertake any type of repair. Would it not be sufficient to subsidise this concern, and all other companies if necessary, on their undertaking to use and maintain an approved type of plane and an efficient ground organisation?

At present we enjoy really fine service from the aviation companies, and this is attributable solely to competition. Yet each concern is, I am sure, a paying proposition; though some may look with longing eyes on the large dividends of the past.

The statement that the formation of powerful companies will protect the public against risk in air transport seems to imply that the machines of the smaller companies are less airworthy than those of their larger competitors. There are very stringent regulations to protect the public against risk in this regard, and it should not be necessary to form a combine to get safe flying. At any rate, a comparison of the records of the various concerns should be interesting.

If a charter is given to any single concern freight rates will rise (unless a subsidy is provided) and services will suffer, 62 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

% m vi' , / ", * •* there’s Pleasure in PLUME, too! you’ll find that there IS a new pleasure in driving with Plume in the tank. There’s the satisfaction of an immediate start every time you start. There’s the knowledge of Power in reserve for a burst of speed or flashing acceleration when wanted. There’s Power for the hills and speed on the highways together with that all important point—M.P.G. that spells ECONOMY. Prove these points next time you fill up by buying 5 gallons of Plume.

Highest Quality Unsurpassed Performance VACUUM OIL COMPANY l p t t £ 63 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

The“Statlon Stock”

Is a saddle favoured by stockmen for its practical qualities. / 'A Being built on a Galvanised Tree, heavily plated, strained with English web, riders are assured of its genuine foundation. The Sin. hand-sewn capped pads are built with extra strength, while the flaps are long and pliable. Fitted with best leathers, web girth and 4-bar stirrups. £7/7/- F reight F ree Solid Nickel Stirrups, 7/6 extra.

Write for Booklet of “ SAFER” Saddles Newmarket Saddlery W. H. Williams for “Safer” Saddles. 18-20 WILSON STREET, NEWTOWN, N.S.W.

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AUCKLAND Island Traders :: General Merchants P.O. Box 1509 Cables and Telegrams: “Kingdom,” Auckland Branches at- Rarotonga and throughout the Cook Islands At Papeete and throughout the Society, Marquesas and Paumotu Islands trading as “ETABLISSEMENTS DONALD, TAHITI”

At Fiji: Trading as ‘‘Dominion Fruit C 0.,” Suva particularly to the smaller, outer ’dromes, which do not show such a good return with small planes.

As for the Administration protecting us against exploitation, do you really think that that far-away Rabaul organisation we read about would care if w© got one plane per week or per month, or whether Bill Smith’s cargo got lost altogether?

Form a combine, by all means, and subsidise any large or suitable concern, but let a small show or two stay outside to help the small man who is like that voice crying in the wilderness, too far away for the Commonwealth to hear or heed.

In conclusion, I would like to protest against contemptuous disregard for public opinion in New Guinea, displayed by the Commonwealth Government, on this and other occasions and I am sure I am voicing the opinions of many New Guinea residents in doing so. We have no vote, no jury system, and no money—but why rub it in?

I am, etc..

J. D. O’NEILL, Wau, T.N.G., 23/2/1936.

Prospector.

Kong Ah Scandal

T'HERE have been sensational develop- * ments in Tahiti in connection with what is known as the Kong Ah scandal; and it is reported that action of the most serious character has been taken against two or more residents of Papeete.

The subject is such a delicate one and so many people appear to be implicated that it is not considered desirable to make further reference to the matter here at this stage.

The French Administration is making a very thorough investigation of the whole matter.

Mr. W. Wise, an employee of the Vanikoro Kauri Timber Co. in the Santa Cruz Group, Solomon Islands, arrived in Melbourne in February by the steamer Brightvega. Mr. Wise contracted a severe bout of malaria at Vanikoro and had to leave the island for medical attention.

Mr. and Mrs. W, H. Jefferson, of Ogamobu. Papua, left the Territory recently by the Van Rees for Singapore. Mr.

Jefferson has been appointed manager of Sagga Estate at Siliau, Negri Sembilan in the Federated Malay States.

California-Tahiti

TRAFFIC G.S.C. of Los Angeles Now Making Special Inquiry From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 20.

M. RAYMOND DENIZE, representing the passenger department of the General Steamship Corporation of Los Angeles, who is at present in Tahiti studying ways and means for an increase in the tourist traffic to this part of the world, brought with him the outlines of a general plan of development for which he is seeking the support of the local Administration, the Papeete Chamber of Commerce, and other public organisations, and influential residents of the Colony.

The fundamental idea is not a new one.

The local Syndicat dTnitiative (Tourist Association) was brought into existence some years ago with the primary object of developing a larger tourist traffic, and its efforts have not been without some success, in spite of the unfavourable situation of the foreign exchanges and other adverse factors.

The most interesting feature of M.

Denize’s proposition is that it emanates from America, and this may be taken as a sure indication of a growing appreciation of the South Seas —and especially Tahiti and the other islands of the Society Group —as a promising field of enterprise for shipping companies who cater specially for good-class passengers. The natural attractions of these islands from a tourist standpoint are perhaps without equal in any part of the But there are serious obstacles to any large development of the industry at the present time —progress probably will be slow unless an unexpected shift occurs in foreign exchange—one that will give the U.S. dollar and the English pound about the same purchasing power in a French country as they enjoyed before they deserted the gold standard.

The scheme outlined by M. Denize includes official representation in U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico, for the Tahiti Tourist Bureau (Syndicat dTnitiative de Tahiti), the creation of a trust fund for publicity purposes designed to give widespread knowledge of the attractions of Tahiti and the other islands of the Group, and the development of hotel facilities.

For the development of inter-island travel, amusements and games exclusively for tourists, and extension of the existing available accommodation, a local company in which at least 51 per cent, would be held by French citizens is proposed. Assistance would also be given, by means of prizes and contests, to every movement for the revival and development of native arts. (This is being done at present but on a scale which is far from being sufficiently wide-spread and comprehensive.) All of this is good, and the plan, with the exception of a few ideas which are new. fits into the general scheme of development which has been the subject of study and discussion by the Tourist Bureau for a long time past. M. Denize is therefore assured of a sympathetic reception. The important thing is that Tahiti and its tourist possibilities have awakened sufficient interest in America for a large steamship amalgamation to send a specialist here to study conditions.

Rev. H. M. Bell departed from Sydney for the New Hebrides by the Morinda on February 20. He has been appointed as successor to Rev. T. McMillan of the Presbyterian Mission’s station on Tanna Island. 64 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Suva

Ra Chases Tailevu Over Fijian Hills

Ancient Tribal Feud Causes Riot on Goldfield From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, February 27.

A RISING out of a domestic dispute over an alleged insult to some Fijian women, a serious fight between natives of the provinces of Ra and Tailevu broke out on the Tailevu goldfields on the night of February 9, and continued at intervals until the afternoon of the 10th (Monday).

Government officers and police had difficulty in getting the warring natives under control.

A resident of Tavua, writing to a friend in Suva, states that the trouble was much more serious than the general public was allowed to know.

Some 15 men were injured, and seven of these had to be admitted to hospital.

Since the disturbance, over 30 men have appeared in Court, and various convictions have been recorded, two of the ringleaders being sentenced to six months’ imprisonment.

According to the stories which reached Suva the Fijians employed on the Loloma mine, about 50 or 60, are all from the province of Tailevu, whereas most of the labour employed on the Emperor and other mining properties is drawn from the province of Ra. The trouble started when one of the Tailevu men was huturaked (beaten up severely) by Ra men on the Emperor mine on the Sunday afternoon. The Tailevu men retaliated by commencing to “clean up’’ the labour lines of the Ra men at the Emperor— breaking up personal effects but not damaging any mine property. They then returned to Loloma, and about 50 of them were on their way to report to Mr.

Theodore what had taken place, when they were met by Ra men, some 200 strong —the Emperor contingent reinforced from the other mines—and armed with steel drills, sticks and stones.

Outnumbered, the Loloma men (Tailevu) had to take to the bush at the back of the mines.

Mr. Theodore attempted to restore order, but he was not listened to. So he sent for the police, and for medical aid for the injured.

Lorry loads of Fijians commenced to pour in from Ba and Ra, and, exits being barred, the Tailevu men took to the hills in the direction of Nandarivatu.

Three Loloma men, including two of the injured, hid down the main shaft, removing part of the ladder to elhde pursuit.

Officials got in touch with Ratu Tawake, Roko Tui Ra, and he at once went to the field, and was to a large extent instrumental in restoring order among the Ra men, ordering them all to return to their homes.

As a result of the clash, all work at the mines has been more or less held up for some time. Mr. Theodore is reported to have said he will employ no more Ra or Tailevu men on his properties, but will endeavour to draw his labour from other districts.

That the root of the trouble goes much further back than the domestic dispute referred to above is indicated by the statement of an old resident, who has had considerable experience with the natives of these two provinces. He stated that bad feeling between Ra and Tailevu had always existed, and went back to the bad old days, prior to British rule, A party of police from Suva was sent round to reinforce the local police and help to restore order.

Growth Of Lautoka, Fiji

NEW offices and residential quarters have been built recently for the Union Steam Ship Company Ltd., at Lautoka, Fiji—a town, incidentally, which is growing steadily in size as a result of the prosperity being enjoyed by the sugar industry.

A new building for the Bank of N.S.W. is under construction in Lautoka, close to the U.S.S. Company’s new office.

The Fiji Government contemplates the erection of a new block of Administration offices in the same locality.

Mr. and Mrs. T. L. Sefton, of Koitaki Para Rubber Estates, Koitakinumu, Papua, are spending a few months’ holiday in Sydney. 65 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Mr. Alex. C. Jones, of the Bank of New South Wales at Wau, returned to Australia by the Monotoro on February 19 after spending three years on the New Guinea goldfields.

Mr. Laurence, plantation manager of the New Zealand Reparation Estates in Western Samoa, left Apia recently by the Boren to spend leave in Europe.

Wreck In Fiji

Government Ship Lost in Hurricane From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, February 27. r'AUGHT herself in a small hurricane, while investigating the possibility of salvaging a cutter lost in a recent hurricane in the Lau group, the motor vessel Derek (100 tons) belonging to the Fiji Public Works Department, was driven ashore and became a total loss on the island of Komo, on February 15.

The Derek was off Komo on the 14th, surveying the site of the sinking of the cutter Tui Navitilevu, when the glass commenced to drop. The ship was anchored in shelter, in the big lagoon of Komo.

During the night the wind increased to hurricane force, and changed round until the vessel was virtually on a lee shore.

Early on Saturday, a tremendous wave came in and broke ahead of her, and as she sank into the trough, she struck her stern heavily. There were four anchors out, but it was decided to attempt a shift to a safer anchorage.

The vessel dragged her anchors, however, and bumped heavily aft, holding herself and flattening the blades of her propellers. Rendered helpless, she was driven on to the rocky shore.

Dry land was only 30 yards away, but those on board had a hazardous trip to the shore. Captain E. W. G. Twentyman, former harbourmaster at Suva, had a very narrow escape. He was half down the man ropes at the gang port, when a sea struck the vessel and she lurched over. He was thrown into the water, and, as the ship swung back, was drawn under. Mr. Henry Cross, the chief engineer, immediately jumped over the side and, grabbing a rock with one hand, caught Captain Twentyman with the other, and dragged him to safety. The captain says that Mr. Cross saved his life.

Captain Hay, the master of the Derek, received injuries to his legs and side, but these are not serious.

As soon as the weather moderated, the castaways were able to save considerable gear, stores, and personal effects from the Derek. Nine days were spent on the island before help came, but there was no shortage of food, as at the time of the mishap the Derek was conveying stores to islands which had suffered in the previous hurricane, Mr. John Hill, former engineer of the Tui Navitilevu, was among the party, and he set out in a native canoe for the island of Namuka. There he intercepted the cutter Tui Yunilagi, which put in to Komo and took off the stranded men.

The Derek was a twin screw dieselengined wooden vessel of 100 tons gross, and was built in Suva by Terry and Sons Ltd. in 1928.

Station Zjv

Broadcasting in Suva From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, February 27.

STATION ZJV, the Fiji Broadcasting Company’s new station in Suva, is now completed and “on the air.” The plant, which has been manufactured in Australia by Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Ltd., is most up to date; in fact, it is the first of its kind manufactured by the company, and bears the serial number “1.” Numbers “2” and “3,” when they are manufactured, are to be installed at Cairns and Rabaul.

Alternating current from the Suva power house has been supplied, and the transmitter has an output of 400 watts on the aerial. The wavelength is 341 metres.

Afternoon and evening programmes are being put on the air, consisting of recorded material.

Local listeners complain that the annual license fee has been increased from 5/- to 30/- since the new station commenced operations—that they have to pay for what they don’t want, as they have no desire for “canned” music from the local station when there are good programmes available overseas. [EDITORIAL NOTE: We understand that A.W.A. are making plans to broadcast a dailynews service through this and other Islands stations. That should be worth 30/- per annum.] 66 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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Methodist Mission Board’s Annual Meeting Eleven New Appointments ELEVEN new appointments to Pacific Islands mission staffs were announced at the Annual Meeting of the Methodist Board of Missions in Sydney on February 4. The new missionaries are Rev. Walter Shepherd, M.A.. 8.D., of Victoria, accepted for service in Tonga, in place of Rev. A.

H. Wood, M.A.

Rev. H. H. Bock, of Ouyen, Victoria, appointed to the Lau Circuit in Fiji.

Rev. T. N. Simpson, of South Australia, who will go to New Britain after attending a course of training at the George Brown College, Sydney.

Mr. Jack Trevitt, 8.A., Dip. Ed., of New South Wales, who is the new headmaster at Vunainma Training College, New Guinea.

Rev. A. Stanley Jones, L.Th. (New South Wales), who will serve at Kabakada, New Britain.

Rev. Howard J. Pearson, 8.A., of South Australia, who has taken a course in teacher training at Adelaide University, has been appointed to Rabaul, New Guinea.

Rev. Donald F. Boorman, L.Th., of Queensland, who has been accepted for the Bau Circuit, Fiji.

Miss M. E. Brabin, 8.A., of the Tasmanian Department of Education, who has been appointed as a missionary sister in New Britain.

Miss E. Twyford, of Victoria, who has been appointed to Papua. She was associated with the Methodist Mission some years ago.

Miss E. D. Wallace, 8.A., Dip. Ed., of Victoria, who will go to Western Samoa as headmistress of the Avoka Girls’ Schools. .Miss Wallace has already spent four years in Fiji.

Miss M. E. Woolnough, of New South Wales, who has been appointed as a sister at Malabonga, New Guinea. £59,000 SPENT IN 1935.

Presenting to the meeting the balance sheet of the Society, the Lay Treasurer (Mr. J. W. Kitto) said that income failed to meet expenditure by £314. Included in income, however, was a transfer from the Insurance Fund of- £1,000; the deficit for 1935 was therefore really £1,314. By transferring amounts from various funds, the accumulated deficit of £22,337 was reduced by £5,284, leaving £17,053.

Expenditure on work among Pacific Islands natives was £59,066, of which £22,193 was raised in the various groups, the balance being contributed by mission supporters in Australia. Itemised expenditure was:—Fiji, £29,351 (Fijian £18,992, and Indian £10,359); New Britain, £15,881; Papua, £12,106; Tonga, £1,060; and Samoa, £668.

DISTRICT REPORTS.

Papua: Rev. J. R. Andrews (District Chairman) reported a splendid increase of membership and adherents. An experiment is being made in the Bwaidoga Circuit, by which the natives themselves will be responsible for the salaries of their own pastors. This is the first step towards ultimate self-support in Papua. Dr. W. G. Heaslip, of the Salamo Hospital, retired owing to ill-health; other retirements were; Miss Vera Pearson, of Salamo, who is to be married shortly, and Rev.

Joji Nasavuilagi, who returned to Fiji.

Samoa: As in the case of Tonga it has been decided to continue the support of European missionaries in Western Samoa. A missionary sister has been appointed to take charge of the Methodist Girls’ School. Shortage of mission funds will not allow the appointment of a missionary to Savaii Island.

Fiji: There has been a marked increase in native membership, the figures now being; Full members 30,270, on trial 4,653, adherents 91,124, and junior members 15,102. After 28 years’ valuable service, Rev. R. L. McDonald retired from the Chairmanship of the District, and has been appointed to the Victoria and Tasmania Conference. Rev. C. O. Lelean returned to Fiji in succession to Mr. McDonald. Rev. A. G. Adamson, M.A., Dip. Ed., of Davuilevu, Rev. A. D. Lelean, of Ba, and Rev. T. N. Deller, of Bau, have retired after working in the Colony for over IS years.

New Britain; In face of many difficulties, advised Mr. R. N. Wayne (Ulu), membership was increasing. Rev. A. E. Brawn returned to Australia from Nakanai owing to family illness. A move forward w-as made in sanctioning the opening of a child welfare centre on New Ireland, and in the appointment of a technical instructor.

Miss Margaret Syers, of Auckland, New Zealand, arrived in Sydney by the Makura on March 7 to join the nursing staff of the Melanesian Mission. 67 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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RECORD PRICE.— On 6th March, 1935, this company paid to its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine ounce, which is the highest price ever paid for gold in Australia.

SPECIALLY ORGANISED SER- VICE is available to clients in New Guinea, Fiji and other Pacific Island centres.

Address consignments from outside Australia to the Company’s Sydney office.

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Pacific Mining Notes

From Fiji GOLD MINES OF FIJI N.L.

ACTING under advice from Dr. Loftus Hills, consulting geologist, the directors of Gold Mines of Fiji N.L., Fiji, have decided to abandon ail blocks with the exception of two blocks known as Flemon’s and Goodsir’s.

Dr. Hills reports that on Flemon’s block the northern continuation of the Emperor lode system extends from the southern to the northern boundary of the area, a total length of 4200 feet. This lode cannot be regarded as having been adequately tested until it has been tested by diamond drilling at various depths at every 200 feet along its length. The best assay so far has been li dwt. in No. 1 bore, and is no indication of the absence of payable values elsewhere in the lode. It is a strong lode system, and the bores already put down, although not showing payable values, are giving valuable data that will permit of future bores being laid out to do down with the lode, as well as across it, along the continuation of the lode northwards. There is, in addition, the northern continuation of the Loloma lode system to search for.

Flemon’s area cannot be regarded as having been adequately bored until drilling has been systematically carried out.

On Goodsir’s block the working programme laid down by him in October last is well on the way.

The work so far has disclosed eight well-defined lodes, from 5 feet to 15 feet in thickness. However, assays of these lodes where cut by adits or crosscuts have been low, the highest being 2 dwt.

A review of the assays showed an incompleteness and lack of thoroughness in sampling, which satisfied neither Mr. Samuels nor him. He has arranged for Mr. Samuels to have all exposed faces of these lodes resampled in 2 feet sections. The objective is to disclose distribution of gold values rather than working widths of ore. The present objective of the work is to define the actual lodes in strike and dip and relative importance as a preliminary to diamond drilling. The latest advice from the field states that the fifth bore was commenced on February 25.

EMPEROR MINES LIMITED.

For the four weeks ended February 22, Emperor Mines Ltd., Tavua, Fiji, crushed 1470 tons of ore for a yield of 916 ozs. of fine gold. The head value was 13H dwt. The last three returns are compared in the following table:— FIJI GOLD N.L.

Directors of Fiji Gold N.L., Fiji, acting on the advice of Dr. Loftus Hills, have decided to abandon all blocks with the exception of a block known at F. S. Ragg’s. Dr. Hills, in a report on the area, advises that two lode formation show favourable features. That at the shaft shows a pronounced shear with an associated well-developed lode type. An assay of 8 dwt. of gold a ton was obtained over a width of a foot. This lode occurs in the upper sambeto tuffs, but the lower sambetos lies approximately 500 feet below the surface. Arrangements have been made with Messrs.

Goodsir and Samuels to unwater the shaft and explore this lode at as deep a point as possible to provide the essential data for laying out a diamond drill bore. This area should be retained and work proceeded with preliminary to diamond drillings. The directors announce that they have concluded satisfactory arrangements with Loloma West Ltd. to put down three or four bores on Rosskelly’s block on the eastern boundary adjoining Loloma, with the objective of locating the Loloma lode.

NASIVI (FIJI) GOLD SYNDICATE, N.L.

The Government of Fiji does not propose to conduct an inquiry into the affairs of Nasivi (Fiji) Gold Syndicate N.L., says a circular issued by the company.

The result of happenings in connection witn me company’s operations in Fiji has been a source of much concern to the board of directors, the circular continues, and considerable time has been spent in an endeavour to clarify the position. To assist their efforts in this regard, the board made formal application to the Fijian Government to conduct an open enquiry into the affairs of the company in Fiji. To assist the authorities there in the investigation asked for, all information as requested by the company’s legal representative was furnished, including sworn affidavits by each director of the company concerning his individual share transactions in the company.

In due course the board was advised by its legal representatives that the Government of Fiji did not propose to conduct an inquiry as requested by the directors. It was also intimated that the Mining Board did not propose to issue prospecting licences on the areas held by the company. (After high values ranging up to 15oz. were reported from the Raki Raki field, in Fiji, on July 18, 1935, the £2 shares of the company rose sharply to over £5O. In August and September values reported were poor, the last reported on September 6 being 24 samples, from no value to 8 grains.

The directors then appointed Dr. Loftus Hills to make a report, and he advised on September 10: “The rocks and so-called lodes exposed in the ■ Raki Raki district are the wrong type to constitute a goldfield. . . . check sampling shows only traces.” Meantime the shares collapsed in the market and were 10/- by September 14.) GRANITES DEVELOPMENTS N.L.

Operations of Granites Development, N.L., during the year ended September 30 last resulted in a loss of £6256, said Mr. H. E. Thronemann (chairman of directors) at the annual meeting in Melbourne on March 3. Several properties in Fiji were tested, and the Waindoi area gave promise of being a success. A vast amount of prospecting work was accomplished but no payable values were disclosed, although big lode systems of low grade ore were found. It had recently been decided to withdraw from all Fijian operations. A number of other properties were submitted to and investigated by the directors but none was found suitable. The Company’s only interest in Fiji at present is a small assaying plant which w’ould be disposed of. The majority of assays taken on the Waindoi area had shown only small yields, and it would have been necessary to make a call of 2d monthly to carry on the project. The directors decided against this. The cost of operations in Fiji had been £4OOO.

TAVUA GOLD DEVELOPMENTS LTD.

An interim geological report has been submitted by Dr. Loftus Hills to the directors of Tavua Gold Developments Ltd., Fiji. He reports that surface trenching and shallow shaft sinking oti the Homeward Bound area are disclosing an important lode already shown to be 1200 feet in length with an undetermined intrusion eastwards.

The western portion of this lode on which some work was done in the- past, showed values of 4Jj dwt. at 40 feet below the surface. The recent bore at this point showed dwt. at 300 feet below the surface. The central section of the lode shows up to 13 dwt. in surface trenches and these values are now being followed down; having been missed in previous shafts in this locality. The eastern limit of exploration is included in the work recently undertaken. Here surface trenches progressing eastwards show values of 5 dwt., dwt., 15 dwt., 5 dwt., 2 Yi dwt., 15 dwt., 9si dwt., 4 dwt., and 6 dwt. The lode width is from 5 to 20 feet. These encouraging results are being followed by systematic trenching and shallow shaft sinking. The diamond drill is being used to penetrate the lode progressively eastwards at the 300 feet level. The significance of these results, Dr.

Loftus Hills adds, is that surface values are succeeded by lower values immediately below, but show appreciable increases at 20 to 40 feet down.

The first diamond drill shows dwt. at 300 feet below, dwt. at 40 feet down. The geological survey shows clearly that the important goldbearing zone cannot be expected until the 750 feet depth is reached. In the meantime there is indicated payable gold values down to the 300 feet level at least. The surface work and drilling to 300 feet will be continued until the Sullivan drill can be used to penetrate to below the 750 feet level.

MT. KASI MINES LTD.

For the four weeks ended February 16, Mount Kasi Mines Limited, Fiji, crushed 891 tons of ore.

Total head value was 320 ozs., and total tail value 78 ozs. The high tailing is due to a delivery of unsuitable filter cloth, which does not permit a proper washing of the cake. Clean up to February 14 was 3030 z. fine gold. The pipeline for pumping 68 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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EAST REEFS CONSOLIDATED, N.L.

The legal manager of East Reefs Consolidated N.L. advises that directors of the company who have visited the Yanawai field, Fiji, consider that the following cable received in Melbourne on March 9 contains a very important development: “No. 3 tunnel to 39ft. No. 4 tunnel to 143 ft.

Underlay shaft full face of lode entered into; samples taken. Located source of float, samples taken.”

GRANITES GOLD N.L.

Addressing shareholders of Granites Gold N.L., at the annual meeting in Melbourne on March 3, the chairman of directors (Mr. H. E. Thronemann) said the year had not been a successful one. A number of properties had been examined, but only three were worthy of further consideration—Bet Bet, Rathscar and Nandi (Fiji). Unsatisfactory crushings from the first two had caused their abandonment. The lastnamed had been taken from a closely associated company on a profit-sharing basis, but the deposits proved secondary and did not live down to any depth. At balancing date, cash in hand was £460. Since the close of the accounts refunds, call money and the sale of certain original plant from the Granites (Central Australia) had brought the total to £773.

ALOHA CENTRAL GOLD MINE N.L.

Mr. A. G. Campbell, mining engineer, who recently visited Fiji in company with Mr. A. T.

Day, chairman of directors of Aloha Central Gold Mine, N.L., and inspected the company’s property, has submitted a preliminary report, with estimates of the gold contents of ore reserves, and df the cost of plant for working the mine. The property is being examined by Mr. C. Dunlop, on behalf of an American group, which is desirous of tak’ng an interest in the field, and is in negotiation with the directors for subscribing capital for development and further prospecting.

FIJI MINING CORPORATION, N.L.

An extraordinary meeting of Fiji Mining Corporation N.L., held on March 13, sanctioned a resolution that the nominal capital be increased from £11,250 to £60,000 by raising the amount of the existing 2,250 shares from £5 to £lO each and by creating 3,750 new shares of £lO each. Of the new shares it is proposed to issue 1,200 as fully paid to the vendor in terms of an agreement, and to offer 2,250 shares for subscription by shareholders on the basis of one new share for each share held, payable £1 on application, £1 on allotment, and the balance in calls as required.

The remaining 300 shares are to be held in reserve. Directors state that with the limited funds at its disposal the company has been somewhat hampered in the work of developing the prospecting licence near Tavua, Fiji, held under option, but the exercise of the option over the balance of the shares comprised in the original capital of the company and the issue of portion of the new shares proposed to be created will provide the necessary funds to complete the purchase of the area and equip the mine for intensive development. The general manager (Mr. D. M. Deane) states that the company’s area covers 305 acres and it situated about a mile and a half in the north-easterly direction from the Emperor and Loloma mines.

Prospecting on the lease has revealed two main lode channels, striking approximately north-west and south-east, with a slight southerly dip.

From Papua MANDATED ALLUVIALS, N.L.

Speaking at a special meeting of Mandated Alluvials, Xo Liability, held in Svdney on March 9 u * chairnian ( Dr -. William Wood) said that the directors had decided to concentrate on the Port Moresby mine, as prospects there were regarded as particularly bright. This mine, which was situated 16 r /£ miles from Port Moresby, consisted of two leases—the Sapphire Lease of 30 acres, and the Moresby King Lease of 20 acres— wv j an additional area of 50 acres had been apphed for. Developments to date had not been sufficient to permit of any very definite estimate of ore reserves, but the directors had been strengthened in the conviction that they had an exceedingly valuable mine. Twenty-nine bulk samples taken gave an average of 16dwt. 20gr. of gold and 15 per cent, of copper. The directors had decided to exercise their option and purchase the mine, and to embark on a policy of immediate and extensive development.

CUTHBERT’S MISIMA GOLDMINE LTD.

The secretary of Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine Lunited reported on March 6 that the last cleanup (February 23) showed that 1630 tons of ore had been treated for 2,336 ounces bullion. The estimated value was £4,274. During the period the mill worked three shifts on 25 days, and two shifts on one day.

MISIMA GOLD REEFS (N.G.), N.L.

Oroville Dredging Ltd., the big English concern, intends to exercise the option of purchase over the property of Misima Gold Reefs (New Guinea) N.L., Misima Island, Papua. Although the agreements have yet to be signed, the attorney of the company in Sydney has notified Misima Gold Reefs to this effect. It is intended to form a company, probably in Australia, with a nominal capital of £lOO,OOO, in £1 shares, of which 40,000 contributing shares will be offered for subscription and underwritten by the Oroville Company; 20,000 fully paid will be allotted to Misima Gold Reefs, and 40,000 fully paid to the Oroville company. The latter company will also pay to Mr.

J. A. Miller, vendor of two of the leases, £l5OO.

Nominal capital of Misima Gold Reefs (New Guinea) N.L. is £4500, in 900 shares of £5 each, fully paid, and the consideration is equal to 22 fully paid shares for each share held. The property comprises ten leases, aggregating 198 acres.

Oroville Dredging Ltd. has carried out extensive prospecting and developmental work on the property, at a cost of £20,000. A large main lode 20 feet in width has been proved for a considerable length, also two small parallel lodes. Approximately 46,000 tons of ore of an average grade of 5.8 dwt. a ton, has been proved to date. Attention is now being directed to another lode 6 to 7 feet wide, and values disclosed indicate additional tonnage. The Oroville company intends to instal an efficient plant, at a cost of not less than £30.000. on the property. The new company, it is expected, will be formed within the next three months.

Shareholders of Misima Gold Reefs, a.t an adjourned special meeting on March 2, endorsed the action of the directors in entering into the arrangement with the Oroville Company.

PACIFIC IRON ORE DEPOSITS N.L.

Application has been made to register Pacific Iron Ore Deposits N.L., which is being formed with a nominal capital of £1,250, divided into shares of £2/10/- each, to carry out mining operations at Port Moresby, Papua. Mr. H. P.

Lockwood, of 360 Collins Street. Melbourne, is legal manager of the company.

LAKEKAMU GOLDFIELDS DEVELOPMENT,

No Liability

Expenditure of Lakekamu Goldfields (Papua) Development N.L. on development account for the twelve months ended January 23 was £8920, and 69 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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PROSPECTING PANS Also Supplied with Special Cup at Bottom S. J. & E. FELLOWS, LIMITED fees received for the services of Mr. R. A. Clinton amounted to £420, leaving £B5OO to be transferred to profit and loss account. Cash in hand at the close of the year stood at £BBB, and sundry creditors at £224. The company was registered in January, 1935, and acquired from Tiveri Gold Dredging Co. Ltd. alluvial areas in Papua, at which time options were obtained over dredging claims, known as the Twisty areas, on the Lakekamu field, and also for prospecting certain areas on the St. Joseph’s and Inaufunga Rivers. An option was subsequently acquired over the plant and main leases of Tiveri Gold Dredging Co., on which a small dredge had been working on a profitable basis for some little time. Other options were acquired, and additional areas pegged in the company’s name. The options were subsequently relinquished. The board recommended the voluntary winding up of the company, and a resolution to that effect was passed at the annual meeting on March 10.

Addressing the meeting on March 10, the chairman, Sir Robert Knox, said that in reviewing the report of Mr. R. A. Clinton, who inspected the leases held by the company, it would be realised that boring and other operations had been carried out on an extensive scale. Unfortunately, however, the results, while encouraging at various stages, were ultimately not sufficiently attractive to warrant the board exercising the options, and making a recommendation to shareholders for the flotation of a company.

“Careful consideration was given to the margin of profit over working costs,” continued Sir Robert, “and it was decided that, even after taking into account the present premium on gold and the rate of exchange, the profits disclosed were too low when due consideration was given to vendor consideration, cost of plant to equip the properties, and further sums necessary to make the areas reasonably accessible for economic handling.

“In the latter stages of the investigations it was hoped that further areas then under examination would have proved a sufficient payable yardage to make both Middle and Camp Creeks (Twisty Areas) attractive, and justify forming a company.

The anticipated results were not realised. As further expenditure would have become necessary at December 31, in regard to leases and other rents, it was decided to relinquish the options and abandon other areas pegged in the company’s name.”

From New Guinea UPPER WATUT GOLD ALLUVIALS N.L.

Approximately 45 Europeans and 600 natives are now employed on the construction work of Upper Watut Gold Alluvials N.L., and progress reports received in the last New Guinea mail indicate that highly satisfactory work is being done.

The diversion weir on Sandy Creek is almost completed, while all tunnels have been excavated for a length of 1900 feet. Three tunnels have been lined with reinforced concrete pipes 42 inches in diameter. The Armco fluming has been delivered from Canada and half the trestling to carry it has been finished. A contract for all machinery has now been let, including the gravel pumps for sluicing. Production stage is expected to be reached shortly after June.

NEW GUINEA GOLDFIELDS LTD.

The management of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. reports the following yields:— Development at Edie Creek for January was 81ft. in country rock. As the ore developed at Edie is now sufficient to supply the mill for several years, underground development has been reduced to a minimum pending completion of the diamond drilling programme. Diamond Drilling— Karuka vein, borehole No. 4,328 ft. west of borehole No. 3, extended 90ft. This hole should cut the vein at about 250 ft. depth. Edie No. 2 vein, borehole No. 1 from No. 5 level, extended to 35ft. in country rock. Golden Ridges total drilling 357 ft. Edie mill for the initial period from January 2 to February 14 treated 3715 tons of lowgrade ore, assaying 0.3 loz. gold, with a production of 9380 z. fine gold, representing 80 per cent, recovery of gold against 90 per cent, calculated from assays, the discrepancy being due to absorption, which is inevitable in running a new plant.

SANDY CK. GOLD SLUICING LTD.

Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd. reports that from February 3 to 18 the sluicing plant was not in operation, the mam pipe-line having to be lemoved. From February 18 to March 6 the plant treated 3000 cubic yards for 480 z., equal to 2/5 per cubic yard. A further 18oz. were obtained mainly in sluicing a terrace adjoining the creek.

BULOLO GOLD DEPOSITS LTD.

Shareholders in Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd. were informed by the chairman (Mr. C. E. Hopkins) at the annual meeting recently that the company was now in a position to carry on work with a prospect of remunerative results. The water race at the junction of the Koranga Creek and Bulolo River, New Guinea, had been completed, and it was expected that a start would shortly be made on the area to be worked. He could give no indication as to yardage or values. The company’s area represented 319 acres, and only 10 acres had been worked during the last two years.

Shareholders might expect results from that property which would more than counteract the low values previously obtained. The directors intended to consider the question of writing off part of the capital which had been wiped out by earlier losses.

Prospects for the company were promising.

On March 9 the manager reported that the installation of the second unit of plant on the Bulolo Koranga terraces is well under way. After a complete examination of the property, he recommends the installation of a third unit at the mouth of Flat Creek, where he considers payable values exist over an area representing a life of about seven years for this property.

ENTERPRISE OF NEW GUINEA N.L.

Reporting on operations of Enterprise of New Guinea N.L. for the period January 3 to February 7, the general manager (Mr. H. Taylour) advises that construction work in connection with the Surprise Creek hydraulicing scheme has been in progress. Gold production and prospecting has been resumed at Oriabanda. Additional European and native labour has been engaged at Surprise Creek with a view to hastening construction work and the hydraulicing scheme, and so bring about gold production earlier. It was anticipated that production would start at the end of February, but now it is thought that the end of March will be the earliest that actual sluicing will commence.

The delay has been caused through the excessively rough country which part of the race traverses, and also the enormous amount of timbering which has been found necessary. Other difficulties peculiar to New Guinea have also helped to delay progress. Suitable labour has been difficult to procure, but at February 7 there were seven Europeans and 151 natives engaged on the construction of the water race. The race, when completed, will be over three miles in length. With regard to the Oriabanda lease, at February 2 two Europeans and 36 natives were engaged in prospecting and sluicing. The work has been seriously hampered by heavy floods incurring much repairing work to the workings. Notwithstanding these setbacks, good work had been done, and between January 15 and 31 Boz. 6dwt of gold was recovered from 170 cubic yards treated. This works out at approximately Idwt or 7/- a yard, taking the value of the refined gold at £7 an ounce.

The warden of the Morobe Goldfield has recommended the granting of the area pegged and applied for at Oriabanda. This area is approximately three miles square, containing over 12 square miles of country. It includes the alluvial area from where the gold lately taken and reported as from 70 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Dec. Jan. Feb.

Cubic yards 615,000 899,250 902,100 Bullion, oz 9,632 13,225 13,623 Gold, fine oz. ... 6,774 9,094 9,432 VALUE— Aust. currency*. £59,272 £79,572 £82,530 Per cub. yard . /23.16 /21.23 /21.96 Working profit . . £42,892 £56,035 £56,367J * At £A8/15/- per fine ounce.

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Oriabanda is situated. Mr. Taylour later advised that he had discovered a large ferruginous quartz limestone deposit on the Oriabanda claims on the western slope of Kaindi. An assay of the ore is awaited.

UPPER SEPIK GOLD SYNDICATE N.L.

The legal manager of Upper Sepik Gold Syndicate N.L. (Mr. K. W. Steedman) advises that in mid-February a cablegram was receive from Mr.

A. W. Jacobs, a director, who is at Wau, reporting that owing to the result of testing on a yardage of 500,000 cubic yards Mr. J. M. Spence considered it inadvisable to continue testing. Mr.

Jacobs instructed that testing be discontinued, as further expenditure in this regard was not warranted.

A week later it was reported that several properties had been submitted to the directors, and their respective merits were being investigated.

The properties are situated both in Australia and New Guinea, and present indications are that a free testing option of six months will be taken over one property in New Guinea which carries favourable preliminary inspection reports of wellknown consulting engineers.

Share prices of Upper Sepik have fluctuated fairly sharply from time to time. Early this year the valuation was £7. At an extraordinary meeting of shareholders on February 7, the capital of the company was increased from £lO,OOO to £20,000. Shareholders were told that Messrs.

Spence and Smith had obtained . values of up to 7/- a cubic yard during the progress of testing.

Valuation of the shares, which had been then at 50/-, recovered to £5. Later the price eased to 85/-; and continued to fall, eventually reaching 50/-. After the report was published stating that testing had been discontinued, it was reported that sellers would have accepted 20/-, BULOLO GOLD DREDGING LTD.

Production of the four dredges of the Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd., for February, compares with that of the previous two periods as follows: IROWAT GOLD ALLUVIALS N.L.

Rapid progress continues to be made in the construction work of Irowat Gold Alluvials N.L., and latest advices from New Guinea indicate that sluicing should begin early in May. The diversion of Iroa Creek, for the construction of the offtake weir, is completed, and work on the race line from the diversion weir along the ridge is proceeding rapidly and should be completed by the end of March. Other subsidiary works, such as escapes, drops, and outlets are in course of construction. A first consignment of valves and parts representing one complete sluicing unit left Sydney in February and were to be installed immediately they arrived. Monitors will go forward about the end of March. Plans for the treatment plant have been completed, and contracts have been let.

DAY DAWN SOUTH (N.G.) N.L.

Following the resignation of all the former members of the directorate of Day Dawn South (New Guinea) N.L., the present board states, in the report for the year ended December 31 last, that the financial position was examined in relation to the potential value of the company’s mine area.

Certain leases, which were considered of no particular value, were relinquished and administration expenses in Sydney and New Guinea were reduced to a minimum to enable the board to with an extended examination of the property “with the limited funds then in hand.” An estimate by the manager stated the available ore at 4 5° 0 tons, worth loz. lOdwt fine gold and !°ooz silver a ton. that estimate having been verified by an independent mining engineer. Experiments carried out by Minerals Separation and De Bavay s Processes Australia Pty. Ltd. were stated to have shown that the ore was not amenable to flotation and that the company could not hope to recover any appreciable amount of the silver value with a plant of low capital cost.

Direct cyanidmg did not give satisfactory resultsbut on similar classes of ore at Day Dawn (N.G.) Ltd. there was said to be no difficulty experienced in obtaining 75 per cent, extraction by direct amalgamation. The company decided to go into the question of cost of providing a small plant to crush and amalgamate the ore, the sum required to put the mine in production being estimated at £5500. On the basis of loz. 6dwt fine gold and a 75 P er ce nt. extraction, the return, with gold at £8 an ounce, would be £33,750, and the net profit should be £22,500. It was considered probable that extensions of the ore body might be discovered which would lengthen the life of the mine and increase the profit. To provide the extra capital required the board decided to call up 3d per contributing share. During the year expenditure on mine development raised that account to £9782, whilst leases and plant stand in the books at £12,873.

DEVELOPMENTS (NEW GUINEA) N.L.

A cablegram was received early in March by the management of Developments (New Guinea) N.L. from, Mr. A. R. Dodson, a director, advising that an option has been acquired over fourteen leases of iron ore deposits on the north coast of New Britain. The area contains 800 acres, and is close to a beach with deep anchorage. Arrangements have been made for a preliminary inspection by engineers. The company’s engineers have reported by cablegram having made a preliminary inspection of an area of approximately 600 acres on the Lower Dunantina, on the New Guinea mainland, and consider it a promising dredging area, and recommend testing for depth and values.

Mt. Lawson P. & O. Syndicate

Active interest in shares of Mount Lawson Prospecting and Option Syndicate N.L. was again in evidence on the Melbourne Stock Exchange at the end of February, when the shares rose to £27, against £l7 quoted the week previously. This is attributed to the interest held by the company in dredging areas being tested in Victoria and New Guinea. The Victorian area is on Crooked River, in the north-east portion of the State. A large dredging area on the Wampit River, New Guinea, has also been pegged. This area is being tested for values. If good values are obtained the property will be treated by dredging methods.

The area can be approached from the coast, and no aerial transport would be necessary.

EASTERN PROSPECTING CO. N.L.

Eastern Prospecting Co. N.L., which holds mineral leases over 700 acres of land in New Guinea, has granted an option to the Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd., of Sydney, over its iron ore deposits on the north coast of New Britain.

The consideration has not been disclosed. It comprises, however, a lump sum for the option and a further lump sum should the option be exercised, as well as a royalty on each ton of ore taken by B.H. Pty. In addition a minimum amount is payable as dead rent, whether any ore is taken or not. The, area has lain dormant until a few months ago, when Eastern Prospecting acquired it through the instrumentality of Lieut.- Colonel Cummins, formerly Surveyor-General cf the Mines Department, New Guinea. Eastern Prospecting directors claim that the ore body is extensive and assays 72 per cent, of pure iron.

GOLDEN TERRACES (N.G.) N.L.

After an inspection and an adverse report by Mr. T. R. Victor, on a property at Wau, New Guinea, the directors of Golden Terraces (New Guinea) N.L. decided to abandon the options. The annual report states that in Mr. Victor’s opinion the areas were definitely not suitable for a company, as the conditions were exceedingly rough, and it was impossible to improve upon the present methods of working adopted by the owners, except with heavy expenditure. In view of this re-

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ORIOMO EXPLORATIONS LTD.

Oriomo Explorations Limited have issued the following report on their operations in the Mandated Territory: In the Consolidated Area, boring showed no better than 700,000 cubic yards, worth 3/3 per cubic yard gross. Efforts to dispose of the option have proved unavailing. As regards the pastoral areas, bores showed insufficient values to make a payable dredging proposition, and the areas were abandoned.

Mr. J. Haggemiller, a former resident of Western Samoa, paid a short visit to Apia during February. He is now a citizen of Cali, Colombia, South America.

Warden’s Report for Morobe Goldfields, N.G.

THE following report was made by the Warden of the Morobe Goldfields, New Guinea, to the Administration, on January 2; — The gold and silver exported during December, 1935, was 11,8400 z., valued at £A67,026/6/8.

Four survey parties were in operation during the month. Good progress has been made in the traverse of the Lower Watut River.

Accidents: There was one fatal accident during December, a native being electrocuted at Golden Ridges. A piece of wire had become lodged on one of the high power transmission lines and was carried into contact with an iron standard by a heavy wind. The weather was wet, and apparently the conductivity of the ground is very low as the native, walking by the post, was electrocuted.

The iron standard is sunk 3ft. in the ground, and has an “itambu” sign on it, and it appears that nothing more can be done in the way of safeguards.

A native was injured by a falling tree on Misery Creek. This appears to be an accident inseparable from falling timber.

Mining Tenements: With the close of the year and rent becoming due, some large areas were abandoned. The more important were six mining leases by Day Dawn South N.L.; three dredgmg claims by New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. on the Bitoi; four dredging claims in the Upper Watut area by Enterprise of New Guinea N.L.; and four dredging claims by Sunshine Gold Development Ltd., on the Ono River.

Morobe Alluvials N.L.: Alluvial mining and testing were carried on during this month, and 85oz. sdwt. of gold was recovered from 3236 cubic yards of ground treated. Testing shafts are being put down along the lower boundary of the lease to determine values, to see if the installation of a larger plant is warranted.

Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd.: Production operations have given place to general race repairs and removal of main pipe line to meet requirements.

Sluicing was re-commenced on December 27 — two to three nozzles are in operation. Two contractors with 45 natives are engaged constructing the Co.’s main water race to Bulolo-Koranga Junction, in preparation for sluicing operations in that area.

Sunshine Gold Development Ltd.: Consolidated Watut Claims —Baiune water race construction consisted of ditching, and the construction of byewashes. The water has been running in the race for a distance of over two miles. Baiune Inverted Syphon—The rivetting and laying of this pipe line was under way and a length of 2600 ft. is connected up. Ditching was in progress also on the western side of the Baiune Valley. Erection of the telephone line to the intake of the water race was under way.

Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd.: The Co.’s aircraft made 81 trips, delivering 235 short tons of freight from Lae to the Co.’s aerodromes at Bulwa and Bulolo. The Co.’s No. 2 dredge was temporarily shut down during the month. The other three dredges mined 607,000 cubic yards, which yielded 9216 unrefined oz. gf gold. The hydraulic elevator and boxing operations at the upper end of the property handled 12,771 cubic yards, which yielded 4 82oz. of unrefined gold.

“Damaged in Transit”

ONE of the biggest bugbears facing Islands res : dents who order goods from overseas is that of loose and insecure packing. Too often consignments arrive at outstations marked “damaged in transit.” Most big Sydney retail firms, however, are alive to the matter, and realise that packing is a most important item in connection with Islands trade.

Messrs. Bebarfalds Ltd., of Sydney, who regularly despatch furniture to every corner of Australia, the Pacific Islands, and New Zealand, claim that by their efficient packing methods 95 per. cent, of their consignments arrive in perfect condition.

Writing to Messrs. Bebarfalds Ltd. last year.

Captain McLaren, of Matupi, Rabaul, New Guinea, said “I am very pleased to find that I have at last found a firm who know how to pack goods.

The furniture that I ordered from your firm arrived here in splendid condition. Some of my other stuff was badly knocked about, but the beds and the sewing machine opened up the same as though they were just lifted out of the store. 72 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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’THERE are many forms of fever —Dengue—Malaria—Five Days Fever, etc. All are characterized by high body temperature —thirst —loss of strength, etc. Fever may develop from a chill. A quick, safe and effective method of combating fever is to take “ASPRO” according to the directions on the leaflet in each packet as soon as you develop a temperature. “ASPRO” reduces temperature and fever conditions because, after ingestion in the system, it is anti-pyretic or fever reducing, and is an antiseptic, anti-periodic and anti-fermentative. It is also a powerful germicide. You take no risk with “ASPRO” because it is pure medicine in tablet form. “ASPRO” conforms to the standard of purity laid down by the British Pharmacopoeia (the guiding authority of the Medical Profession). It does not harm the heart and is much preferable to quinine. There are no injurious aftereffects. JHft WBBSBKfr. mm ■a

Nips Fever In The Bud

Islands Gold

SHARES Monthly Fluctuations

Papuan Notes

From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, Feb. 22.

CO heavy was the rain that fell in a sudden kJ and fierce downpour on the evening of January 25, that throughout the township of Port Moresby deep holes and tissues were cut along the roadsides where the gutters were unable to carry away the volume of water. At one point of the town many tons of earth and stone were deposited. At another where the torrent of water was too much for a drain, half an embankment was swept away.

Another result of the sudden rainfall was a serious dislocation of the telephone service. The main underground cable running along Port road was badly damaged, with the result that 50 lines were disconnected. The Public Works Department was immediately on the spot the following Monday morning, and in a few days, the main damage was repaired.

Cattle For Giligili Estate

On February 7, the Kurimarau from the Solomon Islands put into Samarai, with cattle for Giligili Plantation, Lever Bros.* large concern in the eastern end of Papua. From Samarai she proceeded to Milne Bay, where the plantation is situated. After discharging her cargo, she left the following day on her return journey, REVENUE INCREASED BY £5,006 Treasury statements for the half year to December 31 last show an increase in revenue, compar-td with the corresponding period of 1934, of £3,j°6; 1934 receipt s being £69,509 and 1935, £74,515. Principal increases were shown in Customs, Import Duties, sale of stamps, and Government plantation receipts. Decreases were shown in Primage Duty and Mining Receipts.

Expenditure increased by £2,sl7—nearly all of which was accounted for by expenditure on the Native Armed Constabulary and in the Medical Department. Credit Balance on Consolidated Revenue account at December 31, was £2,709 compared with £B3 for the same period of last year.

The Public Debt of the Territory, due to the Commonwealth Government, stood at £63,148.

Balance of Trust Fund was £58,485 and Insurance Fund, £16,857.

VAN REES GOES DIRECT TO N.G.

The K.P.M. steamer Van Rees from Saigon to Rabaul direct, is due in Port Moresby on March 3, and will leave the same day for Port Vila, Noumea and Sydney, where she is due to arrive on March 18. It is reported that the direct voyage to Rabaul was for the present trip only, and was arranged for a large shipment of rice to New Guinea.

Personal Notes

Father Tomlinson, of the Roman Catholic Mission at Sideia, in the east of Papua, was recently brought into Samarai, suffering from a severe attack of black water fever. He was immediately admitted to hospital.

Mr. and Mrs. F. E. Williams are at present in the Trobriand Islands, where Mr. Williams is making a study of anthropological and archaeological remains in North Kiriwina.

Mr. G. Dyer, in charge of Guinea Gold N.L. operations on the Lakekamu goldfield, paid a flying visit to Port Moresby in Guinea Airways’

Junker on February 14. He returned by 'plane after a few days to Wau, via Bulldog landingground.

Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Loudon, who have been in Port Moresby on a short visit, returned to their plantation at Eilogo on February 18, after seeing off their children for school in New South Wales, by the Montoro on February 11.

The Acting Administrator, the Hon. Dr. Walter M. Strong, M.D., returned to Port Moresby on the Laurabada after an extended visit to the West of Papua, on February 4. His Excellency was accompanied by His Honour Mr. Justice Gore and the Official Secretary, Hon. H. L.

Murray.

The Government Secretary to the Territory of Papua, Hon. H. W. Champion, C.8.E., returned from leave by the Macdhui on February 6 and has assumed control of the Territory as Acting Lieutenant Governor, relieving Dr. Strong.

Mrs. C. T. Wurth, wife of the Chief Magistrate of the Territory, returned by the last Macdhui from Queensland where for several months she has been under medical treatment. 73 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

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and of New Guinea. There is a feeling in certain governmental circles that Mr.

Blaikie Webster would like to be a dictator and order governments about.

A Cabinet Minister, or Administrator, or public official may perhaps not concern himself with the history of the Mining Trust; but he cannot ignore the fact that New Guinea Goldfields Limited, only a year ago, wrote off no less than £3,000,000 of its shareholders’ money which had been “lost” in New Guinea.

Mr. Blaikie Webster apparently wants to do to the governments what he and his directors did to N.G.G. Ltd. shareholders —namely, hold them responsible for the operation of a policy which involved the Company in colossal losses.

It is to be hoped that before the governments give serious consideration to Mr. Blaikie Webster’s demands for reforms in New Guinea taxation and transport conditions, they will insist that Mr. Blaikie Webster disabuses their minds of the suspicion, strongly held in some quarters, that the directors of N.G.G. Ltd. are completely indifferent towards the interests of other important companies operating on the Morobe goldfield. If the demands for transport and taxation reform made by Mr. Blaikie Webster were given effect to, they would severely penalise such companies as Bulolo Gold Dredging Limited, Guinea Airways Limited, and various other concerns concerns, operating successsfa ~.. , 1 , , , r , . dl . t ‘ ons demanci ® d by Blaikl6 Webs ‘ er ’

Wby Kr^°i' ld t . the ?; wh ° se . succes ® bas established the New Guinea gold industry’ be Penalised in order that the demands of New Guinea Goldfields Limited may be granted? This is a consideration which surely must be disposed hpfor „ thp merits of Mr Blaikie D r o ™ls can be even ex- Webster s proposals can be even ex ammea.

Mr. W T ebster pleads for taxation reform, to ease the burden on his English shareholders presumably, the gentlemen of the powerful Mining Trust. How about giving a little thought, also, to the New Guinea and Australian shareholders, who trustingly parted with their leases, etc., to Ellyu and N.G.G. Ltd., and then spent the following years hopeful, but mostly dividendless—only to see, In the end, 75 per cent, of their shareholdings disappear into the red ink?

Mr. Blaikie Webster wants concessions from the government. What about the concession under which N.G.G. Ltd. was allowed to lump together all sorts of general expenditure (even the travelling expenses of directors!) and average that off against its obligations to spend a regular annual sum individually upon the development of its numerous alluvial leases ?

It can be argued that there is no fairer method of imposing taxation on the gold industry in a young and primitive country, such as New Guinea, than by charging a royalty on gold exported. This is a method by which no company can escape its fair share of taxation. But if the tax were on profits it would be quite possible for a huge company with world-wide ramifications to escape taxation by a clever arrangement of accounts, or by muddling and mismanagement within the industry itself. Mr. Blaikie Webster complains that N.G.G. Ltd. have paid to the Administration £160,000, mostly (it is presumed) in gold royalties, while only £336,000 has been distributed to shareholders. But do not those figures themselves present the very strongest argument why the gold royalty should continue? Would the Administration have received anything like £160,000 if it had been taxing on a basis of profits a company which was so unfortunate in its operations that it had to write off no less than 75 per cent, of its issued capital?

Mr. Blaikie Webster wants a trafficable road between the coast and the Morobe goldfield. Such a road can be built; but it has been argued, again and again, that the capital cost of constructing such a highway, plus the* enormous cost of maintenance in that broken, treacherous, sliding country, would impose upon the goldfields community a taxation burden that would be at least equal to the present cost of transporting goods and passengers by air. The plan to build a road may not be lightly dismissed; but if it is to receive serious consideration the demand for a highway should come from such concern or interest other than those represented by Mr. Blaikie Webster.

One can admire Mr. Blaikie Webster as a tenacious and tireless fighter: but it must be said that he would make more friends for his company and his enterprises if only he would recognise that there are other important enterprises in New Guinea, which earned the goodwill of the N.G. Administration by their success during the years when N.G.G. Ltd. were, if anything, retarding the progress of the goldfield by “squatting” on some of the richest areas.

N.G. GOLDFIELDS (Contd. from page 8).

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Guinea Gold N.L. And

Income Tax

Shareholders of Guinea Gold, n. 1., who participated in the distribution of New Guinea Goldfields and Guinea Airways shares in 1929 are not exempt from Federal taxation in this regard. The secretary of Guinea Gold says that this is apparent from legal opinion following the reasons for judgment which have now come to hand although the appeals to the High Court about income tax liability for distribution to shareholders were allowed with costs.

The High Court order has reserved to the Taxation Commissioner liberty to make fresh assessments to cover the two distributions mentioned.

The value of the respective shares at the date they were acquired by the company will be the basis of assessment of the shareholders concerned. In the case of New Guinea Goldfields the value will probably be 5/6. The value of Guinea Airways shares will have to be determined. The distribution of 10/ a share arising from the sale to Placer Development is declared to be exempt.

O.B. E. For Loyal Samoan Chief From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 27.

THERE was an interesting ceremony at Mulinu’u. Apia, on February 12, when High Chief Mataafa was invested by the Acting Administrator, Mr. A. C. Turnbull, with the insignia of an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

After the kava ceremony, Mr. Turnbull said that Mataafa, who is one of the hereditary High Chiefs of Samoa, had been, with Hon. Malietoa, 0.8. E., M.L.C., one of the two advisers of the Administration on native affairs; and Mataafa in all circumstances had proved his loyalty and wisdom.

The King, therefore, had been glad to confer this honour upon him.

Speeches were made by Mataafa and Malietoa; and Mataafa received the warm congratulations of Europeans and Samoans.

WEDDING MR. DONALD WHITFORD, youngest son of the late Captain P. Whitford, well known in the New Hebrides and Solomons, was married at Christ Church, Bexley, Sydney, on March 14, to Miss Kath.

Anturio, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs.

W. E. Anturio, of Bexley. Mr. and Mrs.

Whitford are to sail on the Morinda on April 2 for Segond Channel, in the New Hebrides, and thence will proceed by A.V.

Quand Meme to their home on Vanikoro Island, in the Southern Solomons.

“Durour” In Commission

AGAIN Messrs, w. r. carpenter & co.

LTD. announce that they intend putting - the inter-island steamer Durour into commission again immediately in New Guinea. She has been idle for some time.

This will provide the Carpenter firm with three vessels in the Mandated Territory— the John Bolton, Desikoko, and Durour, Hon. J. G. Nelsson, M.L.C., of Samarai, Papua, has been elected a member of the Swedish Chamber of Commerce, Sydney.

To Preserve Tropical Buildings

WITH 54 years of successful trading behind them, Messrs. James Morrison and Company Ltd. have built up a solid reputation in the Pacific Islands with their wood-preserving oils, coal tar, greases and creosote lines.

They introduced to the South Seas the wellknown products, “Botanite” and “Mascol”—preparations which have helped materially to save many tropical buildings. The former, a quickdrying black enamel, has proved a boon in the Islands where corrosion is rampant and so much iron-work requires a reliable anti-rust dressing.

“Mascol” has demonstrated itself to be an effective wood-preserving stain where white ants and borers have been troublesome.

Messrs. Morrison and Co. market two other products which have met with a steady demand from Pacific residents —high grade Phenolic and Eucalyptus Disinfectants. Possessing not unpleasant odours, both these preparations have proved to be very effective germ-killers.

The above products are obtainable at most Islands stores. Further information can be had from Messrs.

Morrison and Co. Ltd., 251 George St., Sydney.*** 75 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Average for Australia on Papeete week ended 24/2/36 Francs to £ Australian . 58.49 Average for week ended 2/3/36 . . 58.54 Average for week ended 9/3/36 . . 58.58 Average for week ended 16/3/36 . . 58.64 Average for Australia on Noumea week ended 24/2/36 Francs to £ Australian . 58.39 Average for week ended 2/3/36 . . 58.44 Average for week ended 9/3/36 . . 58.48 Average for week ended 16/3/36 . . 58.54 Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £125 0 0 On Demand . . . . £123 0 0 124 17 6 30 days . . . . 122 15 0 124 15 0 60 days . . . . 122 10 0 124 12 6 90 days .... 122 5 0 124 10 0 120 days . . . . 122 0 0 124 7 6 Use - - Modern Direct Wireless Services for Your Communications

With Australia And Overseas

DIRECT WIRELESS SERVICES are available for inter-communication between the Islands of the Pacific and for traffic between the Islands and Australia and overseas countries.

Services are now in operation between Papua and Sydney, New Guinea and Sydney, New Caledonia and Sydney, and Fiji and Sydney. Speedy, economical and efficient service to Australia and overseas.

Route your traffic “Via the Wireless Service.”

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Islands Produce Coffee The following quotations were obtained on March 17 : Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney: Quote No. 1, 19/9 per cwt.; quote No. 2, 18/6 (based on 12 guilders).

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. No. 1 quotation: Grade “A,” 55/-; grade “B,” 51/-; grade “C.” 51/-; Triage, 40/-. No. 2 quotation: Grade “B,” 51/-; Triage, 39/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.; No. 1 quotation, grade “B,” 56/-. No. 2 Quotation; Grade “B,” 52/6.

Arabian (Aden), Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney. Quote (a) No. 1, pure, 66/- per cwt. Quote (b) : 56/- per cwt.

Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges: Exchange (25 h per cent, in the case of Java), duty (4d. lb.), primage (10 per cent.), landing costs (1/- per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on an exchange conversion of 12 gulden to the Australian £, the Australian c.i.f. prices current during March were: Prime Samarang, 3 21/32 d. per lb.; prime Japara, 3 23/32 d.

Cocoa Quote No. 1: Cocoa beans, £3O per ton.

Quote No. 2: Accra, good fermented, £24/10/per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 quotation: £9 per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

No. 2 quotation: £B/10/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Green Snail Shell Good quantity green snail shell was quoted in Sydney in mid-March at £5O per ton.

Trochus Shell Quotations for trochus shell obtained in Sydney from two different sources were; (a) Trochus shell. No. 1 grade £lO6/-/- Trochus shell. No. 2 grade £lO2/-/- Trochus shell. No. 3 grade £9O/-/- (b) Trochus shell. No. 1 grade £lO6/-/- Trochus shell, No. 2 grade £lO4/-/- Trochus shell. No. 3 grade £9O/-/- All quotes are f.o.b. and on the Australian £.

Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton during the past four weeks were: February 21, 5.88 d. lb., March shipment; February 28, 5.72 d. lb., April shipment; March 6,5.83 d. lb., April shipment; March 13, 5.93 d. lb., April shipment.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. «r 2001 b. bags, £l2 per ton f.0.b., Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags. £l6/10/- per ton.

Exchange Rates The following exchange quotations, gathered in Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney on March 17 : FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

And Bank Of New Zealand

Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £Alll/2/6, selling £AII3/10/-.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London: Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £llOl5 0 £ll2 0 0

Direct Telegraphic Transfer

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa—buying £AIOO, selling £AIOO/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £lOO in London: —

New Caledonia—Through

French Bank

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1 per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea: On March 16, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 58.65 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a credit in Noumea of 5,865 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent., on Rabaul 10/- per cent.—other N. Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London: — Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent.; Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same a« Australia on London, and vice versa. 76 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

December 13 £13 5 0 £14 7 6 December 20 £13 7 6 £14 10 0 December 27 .. .. £13 10 0 £14 12 6 South Sea.

Plantation.

Smoked, to Genoa South Sea, Hot-air Dried.

London and Marseilles Sun-Dried Rabaul Price on — Per ton, c.i.f. Per ton, c.i.f.

Per ton, c.i.f.

Jan 3, 1936 £13 2 6 £13 IS 0 £15 0 0 Jan. 10 . . £13 0 0 £13 15 0 £15 2 6 Jan. 17 . . £13 5 0 £14 5 0 £15 7 6 Jan. 24 . . £13 12 6 £14 12 6 £15 15 0 Jan. 31 . . £13 IS 0 £14 IS 0 £15 15 0 Feb. 7 . . £13 0 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Feb. 14 . . £13 0 0 £13 15 0 £14 15 0 Feb. 21 . . £13 5 0 £14 0 0 £14 17 6 Feb. 28 . . £12 15 0 £13 12 6 £14 5 0 Mar. 6 . . £11 15 0 £12 IS 0 £13 0 0 Mar. 13 . . £12 12 6 £13 0 0 £13 15 0 London Para Plantation Smoked Price on — per lb.

Per lb.

January 6, 1933 .. .. 4Hd. 2.43d.

February 10 . .. 4%d. 2%d.

March 10 .. .. 4^d. 2'Ad.

April 14 .. .. 4’/ 8 d. 2.34 d.

May 5 .. .. 4Jid. 2.81d.

June 2 .. .. sy 2 d. 3.56d.

July 7 .. .. 5Hd. 3.71d.

August 4 .. .. sy 3 d. 4d.

September 1 .. .. Sd. 3.78d.

October 13 4d.

November 10 .. .. .. .. 4tfd. 4.09d.

December 8 .. ., .. .. 4^d. 4.0$id.

January 5, 1934.. .. .. .. 4%d. 4.28d.

February 2 .. .. .. .. 4^d. 4.84d.

March 6 5.15d.

May 4 7d.

June 1 6'Ad.

July 6 7.06d.

August 3 , 7.18d.

September 7 .. .. .. .. Slid. 7Hd.

October 5 .. .. 5'Ad. 6m.

November 16 .. .. .. syfrd. 6'Ad December 28 .. .. .. .. 5d. 6'Ad.

January 4, 1935 .. .. Sd. 6m.

February 1 .. .. .. .. 4^d. 6'Ad.

February 22 .. .. .. .. 4^d. em.

March 1 .. .. 4Hd. 6.1^d.

March 29 .. .. 4^d. 5.6m.

April 5 .. .. 4^d. 5.4^d.

April 26 .. .. 4?4d. 5Ad.

May 3 .. .. 4^d. 5 9/16d, May 31 5 5/7d.

June 7 6d.

June 28 6d.

July 5 .. .. 5d. $m.

July 19 .. .. 4^d. 5 13/16d.

July 26 .. .. 47/ 8 d. 5y 4 d.

August 2 .. .. 4^d. 5Hd.

August 16 .. .. 4?Ad. 5y 4 d.

August 30 .. .. 4^d. 5 ll/16d.

September 6 .. .. .. .. 4^d. 5^d. .September 20 .. .. .. .. AJid. 5.46^d.

September 27 .. .. .. .. 4fcd. 5.67^d.

October 4 .. .. 5d. 5.8^d.

October 11 .. .. 5'Ad. 6.09^d.

October 25 .. .. 5H d. 6 7/16d.

November 1 .. .. .. .. S^d. 6Hd- November 8 .. .. .. .. 6'Ad. 6 15/32d.

November 15 .. .. .. .. ey 2 d. 6 7/16d.

November 22 .. .. .. .. 6'Ad. 6'Ad.

November 29 .. .. .. .. 6V 4 d. 6 S/16d.

December 6 .. .. 6V 4 d. 6^d.

December 13 .. .. .. .. 6V 4 d. 6 5/16d.

December 20 .. .. .. .. 6V 4 d. 6^d.

December 27 .. .. .. .. ey 4 d. 6 13/32d.

January 3. 1936 .. .. .. 6Y 4 d. 6'Ad.

January 10 .. .. .. 6y 4 d. 6 ll/16d.

January 17 .. .. .. .. 7d. 6m.

January 24 .. .. 7d. 7d.

January 31 .. .. 7'/ 8 d. 6 15/16d.

February 7 .. .. 7Hd. 7 3/16d.

February 14 .. .. .. .. 8%d. 7m.

February 21 .. .. .. .. 8'Ad. 7m- February 28 .. .. .. .. 8'Ad. 7m.

March 6 .. .. 8V 4 d. 7'Ad.

March 13 7 13/32d.

London Price on— Plantation, South Sea, Hot-air Dried, Sun-Dried Rabaul Per ton, c.i.f. Per ton, c.i.f.

January 16, 1931 February 27 March 27 April 24 May 29 June 26 July 31 August 28 . .. £14 7 . .. £14 12 . .. £14 10 . .. £13 15 . .. £10 17 . .. £11 IS . .. £11 5 . .. £11 2 . .. £12 15 6 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 £14 12 £14 17 £14 12 £13 17 £11 0 £11 17 £11 7 £11 5 £12 15 6 6 6 6 0 6 6 0 0 October 30 . .. £13 10 , .. £13 10 0 0 £13 15 £13 15 0 0 December 18 .. .

January 1, 1932 .. ..

February 12 March 25 April 29 May 20 June 17 July 1 August 12 September 2 October 7 November 11 . .. £14 5 , .. £14 10 . .. £16 7 . .. £14 17 . .. £14 15 , .. £13 17 . .. £13 2 , .. £13 5 , .. £13 17 , .. £13 17 , .. £14 5 .. £14 7 0 0 6 6 0 6 6 0 6 6 0 6 £14 10 £14 15 £16 10 £15 0 £14 17 £14 0 £13 5 £13 7 £14 0 £14 0 £14 7 £14 10 0 0 0 0 6 e 0 6 0 0 6 0 December 16 , .. £14 2 6 £14 5 0 January 6, 1933 February 3 March 3 April 28 ..

May 26 June 30 July 21 August 4 September 29 October 20 November 3 December 1 January 5, 1934 .. ..

February 16 March 30 April 27 May 18 June 15 July 6 August 3 September 7 October 5 November 2 December 28 January 4. 1935 .. ..

January 25 February 1 February 22 March 1 March 29 April 5 April 26 May 3 May 10 May 24 May 31 June 7 June 21 June 28 July 5 July 12 July 19 August 2 August 9 August 16 August 23 .. £13 10 .. £12 5 .. £11 7 .. £10 10 .. £11 2 .. £10 17 .. £11 2 .. £10 10 , £9 7 , .. £8 IS , £9 10 , £8 12 .. £8 0 .. £7 17 .. £7 7 , .. £7 7 .. £7 IS .. £8 0 .. £8 0 .. £9 5 .. £11 10 .. £11 12 .. £12 2 .. £11 0 .. £10 15 .. £11 5 .. £12 2 .. £11 15 .. £9 IS .. £9 17 .. £9 15 .. £9 10 £9 15 0 0 6 0 6 6 6 0 6 0 0 6 0 6 6 6 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 o £13 12 £12 7 £11 10 £10 12 £11 5 £11 0 £11 5 £10 12 £9 10 £9 0 £9 15 £9 0 £8 7 £8 10 £8 0 £8 0 £8 12 £8 12 £8 15 £8 17 £8 15 £9 0 £8 15 £9 12 £10 5 £12 5 £12 2 £12 17 £12 IS £11 17 £11 IS £12 7 £12 12 £12 17 £12 12 £12 2 £12 7 £11 5 £10 10 £10 5 £10 5 £10 17 £10 15 £10 10 £10 15 £10 15 £10 12 £10 17 £10 17 £11 7 £11 12 £12 7 £13 5 £14 0 £13 2 £14 0 £13 15 £14 2 £14 5 £14 7 £14 0 6 6 0 6 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 n August 30 .. £9 12 £9 17 g u fi September 6 . . .. 5 o f.

September 13 .. £9 17 g O f September 20 .. ,.

September 27 . . .. .. £10 10 .. £10 12 0 6 0 6 October 4 £11 7 g o fi October 11 October 18 .. £13 0 £13 2 6 o 0 0 n October 25 November 1 November 8 November 15 November 22 6 6 0 0 5 u 6 0 0 6 n November 29 December 6 6 6 u 6 0

Carry A Letter Of Credit

When Travelling

A simple and safe way to finance a trip to any part of Australia, or to any place abroad is to carry a Bank of New South Wales Letter of Credit.

This method eliminates the risk of theft that is always present when large sums in cash are carried on the person.

The Bank issues with each Letter of Credit a letter of introduction, which bears the traveller’s signature and provides identification.

There is an agent of the Bank of New South AVales wherever, throughout the world, banking facilities are available.

Bank Of New South Wales

(ESTABLISHED 1817) Market Quotations Range of Prices The Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and it regularly publishes the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press.

Copra Rubber 77 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

M.V.

Neptuna Sydney June 6-10 Salamaua June 17 Rabaul June 19 Sandakan Manila Apr 24 June 29 Hongkong July 1-4 Saigon May 4 July 10 Manila May 8 July 14 Sandakan July 16 Salamaua May 19 July 25 Rabaul May 21 July 27 Sydney May 28 Aug 3 Melbourne Aug 6-8

Burns, Philp

& CO. LTD., Agents.

Copenhagen Port Pirie Sydney Salamaua.

Apr 9 Apr 15 Lae Apr 21 D o iil Apr 26 The Rabaul will leave Europe for Australia and South Seas ports early in May.

W.R CARPENTER & CO., LTD.

Friderun.

Bremerhaven.

Hongkong May 11 Madang Apr 23 — Salamaua Apr 25 — Rabaul May 26 Manus May 2 — Tulagi May 30 Kieta June 3 Kavieng — June 11 Madang May 11 — Rabaul May 15 June 16 Hongkong June 2 July 1 NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD, Agents.

Ft. Moresby Mar 26-30 Orokolo Apr 24 Kapa Kapa Mar 30 Yule Is. ...

Apr 26 Abau Apr 2 Hisiu Apr 27 Baibara Apr 3 Ft. Moresby A.28-M.2 Samarai ...

Apr 5-8 Kapa Kapa May 2 Baibara ...

Apr 9 Abau Mav 4 Abau Apr 10 Baibara ...

May 5 Kapa Kapa Apr 12 Samarai ..

May 7-10 Ft. Moresby Apr 13-17 Baibara ..

May 11 Hisiu Apr 17 Abau May 12 Yule Is. ...

Apr 17 Kapa Kapo May 14 Kukipi Apr 18 Ft. Moresby Orokolo ...

Apr 19 (arr.) ...

May IS Kikori ....

Apr 21 Ft. Moresby Daru Apr 22-23 (dep.) ...

May 19 Montoro Macdhui Sydney Mar 19 Mar 21 Apr 9 Apr 11 Apr 14 Mar 24 Apr 15 Pt. Moresby .

Mar 26 Apr 17 Mar 28 Apr 19-20 Woodlark Is.

Mar 29 Mar 30-31 Apr 22-23 Lindenhafen .

Kavieng Salamaua } Lae j Madang ] Alexishafen f Boram Lombrum } Lorengau 1 Madang 1 Alexishafen J Salamaua Finschafen ...

Apr 1 • Apr 2-3 Apr 4 . Apr 7 > Apr 8 Apr 9 Apr 9 Apr 24 Apr 27-28 Apr 30 Apr 25 Kavieng Pondo Rabaul Salamaua Samarai Pt. Moresby t Apr 11-12 Apr 13 Apr 17 May 2 May 4-5 May 7 May 8 May 10 Brisbane Apr 21 ay H Sydney Apr 23 May 15 (Note: —It is not anticipated that the Macdhui (which took over the trip of the damaged Montoro) will return to Sydney in time to leave again on April 9. Messrs. Burns, P & have submitted an amended timetable to the Commonwealth authorities; but, on March 18, it had not yet received official approval).

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

Steamships Trading Company Limited

Port Moresby PAPUA Samarai Chairman and Managing Director; A. S. FITCH.

Shipowners, Wholesale and Retail Merchants and Traders: Shipping, Customs and Insurance Agents; Copra and Rubber Plantation Owners.

Mail Contractors to Commonwealth and Papuan Governments.

AGENCIES:—At Port Moresby: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Phoennc Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Acme Bakery Co.; Vacuum Oil Co. Pty. Ltd. At Samarai: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Bankers and Traders Insurance Co.; National Mutual Life Insurance Co.; Kuiaro Shipyards; Mamai Plantations.

BRANCHES.—In Papua; Hanuabada, Sivitoi, Aroma, Koki, Hula, Ela Beach, Duga Duga, Yule Island.

SYDNEY: NELSON & ROBERTSON, 12 Spring Street; Melbourne, 396 Flinders Lane; London, E. Whiteaway & Co., 7 Chiswell Street, Finsbury, London. , “STEAMSHIPS.” Code: Bentley S.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong, New Guinea, British Solomon Islands Service

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “Friderun” And S.S. “Bremerhaven”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world For further particxilars apply to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, New Guinea, Rabaul.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney.

Don’t keep a Cockroach Farm . . .

Death To Cockroaches!

LET BLATTACIDE rid you of the pest. Nonpoisonous. Never known to fail, no matter how badly infested. Guaranteed to be absolutely harmless to children and domestic animals.

Buy A Tin Now- - Don’T Delay

Obtainable at — Messrs. Burns, Philp & Co.

AH Stores For over 25 years, Burns, Philp & Co. have been our Sole Distributors in the Islands.

SOLD IN 9oz. & 16oz. TINS Any difficulty in obtaining, write direct to BLATTACIDE CO. 49 Clarence Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

IIATTMIDf TMi SlM*# c»

Cock.Poachcs

Shipping Services in the Pacific Sydney-N. Guinea-Hongkong Wau-Port Moresby A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

N.G. Goldfields' Service Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae two and three times daily lor Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfields.

The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Europe—Sydney—New Guinea Subject to Alteration Without Notice Hongkong—New Guinea — Solomon Islands Service Papuan Inter-Island Service S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route; then port Moresby to Daru via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu—full trip occupying about one month.

M.V. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

Sydney—Papua—New Guinea Service Subject to Alteration Without Notice New Guinea Inter-Island Service S.S. Maiwara (Burns, Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports.

M.V. Duranbah, M.V. John Bolton, M.V. Desikoko, S.S. Durour, (W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd 1 make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory. 78 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

Mariposa.

Monterey.

Mariposa.

Honolulu May 4 June 1 Pago Pago ...

May 9 June 6 Suva May 12 June 9 Auckland .. Apr 17 May 15 June 12 Sydney, arr. . ... Apr 20 May 18 June IS Melbourne .. Apr 24-25 May 22-23 June 19-20 Sydney, dep. ..

Auckland ,.. Apr 29 May 27 June 24 ... May 2 May 30 June 27 Suva .. May 5 June 2 June 30 Pago Pago ..

June 3 July 1 Honolulu ... May 11 June 8 July 6 OCEANIC STEAMSHIP CO., MATSON LINE.

Nankin.

Nellore.

Hongkong May 2 Manila May 5 Rabaul May 13 Brisbane May 19 Sydney .... Apr 22 May 21 Melbourne .... A.27-M.2 M.25-J.3 Hobart June 5 Newcastle .... May 7 June 8 Sydney, dep .... May 13 June 13 Brisbane June 15 Townsville (opt.) ...

June 18 Rabaul .... * May 23 June 23 Manila July 1 Hongkong July 4 E. & A. STEAMSHIP CO. LTD., Agents Makura. Maunganui. Makura.

Papeete Apr 18 May 16 June 13 Rarotonga Apr 20 May 18 June 15 Wellington Apr 27-28 May 25-26 June 22-23 Sydney May 2 May 30 June 27 Sydney, dep May 7 Apr 9 July 2 Wellington May 11-12 Apr 13-14 July 6-7 Rarotonga May 16 Apr 18 Julv 11 Papeete May 19 Apr 21 July 14 UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents. s.s.

Van Rees.

Saigon July 7 Batavia .... Mav 9-11 July 11-13 Samarang July 14 Pt. Moresby .... May 21 July 23 Samarai July 25 Rabaul July 27-28 Vila Aug 3 Noumea Aug 5-7 Sydney Aug 12-14 Pt. Moresby Aug> 21 Batavia ... Ju.30-Jy.2 Sept 1-3 Saigon Sept 7

Royal Packet Navigation

CO., LTD.

Ramel.

Eridan. Ville d’Amiens.

From Panama— Papeete Apr 12-13 May 23-24 July 5-6 Raiatea — May 25 — Suva Apr 20 June 1 — Vila Apr 22 June 3 July 15 Noumea Apr 24 June 5 July 17 To Panama— Noumea ....

May 3 June 14 July 26 Vila May 6 June 17 July 29 Raiatea May 13 June 24 Aug 5 Papeete May 14-16 June 25-27 Aug 6-8 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents. illltliraiUE'S

Waterproof Canvas

The Original and Best for all purposes where a thoroughly waterproof covering is required.

SAILCLOTHS, DUCKS, &c. of FLAX, HEMP and COTTON.

FISHING NETS, LINES & TWINES.

Extensive Stocks carried.

Ensuring prompt despatch.

Gourock £: Co.

LIMITED 397 KENT ST.. SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Aristocrats Of Sydney Harbour

Designed and Itnili by I.tils UAI VOISSIvX ■ ■ • ■ m an a Correspondence Invited and Estimates Gladly Given for all types of Cruisers, Schooners, Ketches, etc., suitable for Service in Pacific Islands’ Waters.

LARS HALVORSEN, Shipbuilder and Designer.

DISTRIBUTING AGENT FOR THE WORLD RENOWNED MORRIS MARINE ENGINES.

Address: NEUTRAL BAY, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Write For Information

Sydney—N. Z. —Fi j i—Samoa— Hawaii Sydney—Rabaul—Hongkong Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regularly four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva— trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington —trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A.K. Tui Labasa (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 9 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports—trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri. and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakoloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. Latter trip occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

Sydney—N.Z.—Cook It.— Tahiti Saigon—Java—Noumea Line French Eastern Pacific Service By ships running between Marseilles and Noumea, via West Indies and Panama Canal. 79 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

S.S. Laperouse.

Sydney Apr 6 May 2 May 28 Noumea Apr 10-11 May 6-7 June 2 Vila Apr 13 May 9 June 3 Santo Apr 15 May 10 June 4 Vila Apr 19 May 12 June 15 Noumea Apr 21-24 May 14-15 June 16-18 Sydney Apr 28 May 19 June 22 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents. s.s.

Morinda.

Apr Sydney Mar 21 2 Lord Howe Is Mar 23 Apr 4 Norfolk Is Mar 25 Apr 6 Vila — Apr 9-10 Northern outports .

Bushman’s Bay ..

Malo , — — Apr 11 Tangoa J- Segond J — Apr 11 Aoba — Apr 12 Vila — Apr 13 Southern outports . — — 16 Norfolk Is Mar 26 Apr Lord Howe Is Mar 28 Apr 18 Sydney Mar 30 Apr 20

Burns, Philp

& CO., LTD., Agents.

Aorangi. Niagara. Aorangil Honolulu Apr 1 Apr 29 May 27 Suva Apr 10 May 8 June 5 Auckland Apr 13-14 May 11-12 June 8-9 Sydney Apr 18 May 16 June 13 Sydney, dep Apr 23 May 21 June 18 Auckland Apr 27-28 May 25-26 June 22-23 Suva May 1 May 29 June 26 Honolulu May 8 June S July 3 UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents.

M.V. Malaita Sydney Apr 4 Brisbane Apr 6 Townsville ..

Apr 9 Tulagi 1 Makambo ...) Apr 13-15 Gavutu J Su-u Apr 16 Mamara 1 Domma Apr 17 Aruligo 1 Yandina 1 Apr 17 Banika j Ufa ] Lingatu 1 i Apr 17 Faiami 1 Younger 1 1 Pepesale Apr 17 Kaylan j Meringe Apr 18 West Bay . .1 1 Somata Rendova opt..

Apr 19 Gizo Apr 20 Faisi Apr 21 Kieta 1 Apr 22 Arigua Teopasino ...

Numa Apr 23 Rabaul Apr 24-25 Soraken Apr 26-27 Kieta Apr 27 Faisi Apr 28 Gizo Tetipari 1 Apr 29 Russell Group A.30-M.I Gavutu Tulagi i May 2 Brisbane May 6 Sydney May 8 BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents. m The “Caledonia Dover”

A COOKING STOVE guaranteed to give complete satisfaction and now recognised as THE BEST on the market. Suitable for coal, coke or wood fuel.

Illustrated Catalogue on request.

LANE & GIRVAN, LTD., BONNY BRIDGE, SCOTLAND. \ ii I # % am Essential Services REGULAR DAILY SER-

Vices From Seaports

To All Aerodromes

Through Out The

GOLDFIELDS DISTRICTS.

Charters Anywhere Arranged Holdens Air Transport Services Ltd.

Air Transport, Customs, Shipping and Indent Agents

Salamaua And Wau, New Guinea

Cables: “Holdairco” Salamaua and Sydney SYDNEY OFFICE: 7 WYNYARD STREET. ’Phone: B 4515 Central Pacific Services Subject to alteration without notice The M.V. Port Whangarei, under charter by the Union Steam Ship Co. Ltd., is running on a monthly service between Auckland (New Zealand) and Nukualofa (Tonga). She is due to sail from N.Z. for Tongatabu Island on March 27. Her next trip from Auckland will be on April 24.

On March 23 the cargo vessel Cape York will depart from Sydney for Fiji and Western Samoa.

She will call at Suva (March 30), Lautoka (April 1), Suva (April B),,and Apia (April 10). She will then go on to North America.

Running a regular monthly schedule between Australia and Fiji, the Waipahi (1783 t<pns), will sail from Sydney for the Colony on April 8. She will call at Lautoka (April 16) and Suva (April 22) UNION S.S .CO LTD., Agents Sydney—New Hebrides — Noumea- -Indochine Subject to alteration without notice Sydney—Norfolk Island—New Hebrides Subject to alteration without notice.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Hawaii Solomon Islands —N.G. Service Subject to Alteration Without Notice Gilbert and Ellice Islands M. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all Islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

New Zealand —Samoa N. Government steamer Maui Pomare (1159 tons) is on a regular service between New Zealand ports and Western Samoa, carrying mails, passengers, and cargo.

French Oceania Inter-Island S.S. Tooya (597 tons) makes regular trips from Papeete, through Leeward Group (Raiatea, Huahine, Borabora, etc.) about every four weeks, and also regularly visits Tuamotu and Gambier Archipelagoes.

MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

Mr. Dalkeith G. M. Chambers, of Melbourne, departed from Brisbane by the Macdhui on March 10 for Rabaul, having recently been appointed to the New Guinea Administration.

Mr. R. B. Day, an Englishman who has had considerable experience as a civil engineer and who served in the Great War, attaining the rank of major, has been accepted by the Bishop of Melanesia for missionary work in the Pacific Islands. Mr. Day, who has travelled widely in Africa and Australia, sailed from London for Sydney early in March.

Mr. Alexander Ernest McEachern died in Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, on March 10. For two and a half years he was storeman for Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd., at Rabaul, New Guinea.

Becoming ill in the Territory, he came to Sydney by the Montoro on December 17, and the following day entered hospital.

He is survived by two brothers, Mr. Malcolm McEachern, the famous Australian vocalist, and Mr. F. McEachern, of Carpenter, McEachern and Bennett, wellknown Sydney brokers. 80 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936 Unto ”as?*; l»^r y set up and printed in Austra,ia by Th '

The World’S Largest

Aerial Freighting Service

GUINEA AIRWAYS LTD. was established in 1927; and it has grown in the following way, until it is to-day the largest freight-carrying air-service in the world: Year Ended Tonnage Passengers February 28 Transported Carried 1929 434 869 1930 .... 949 .... 2,047 1931 .... 1,146 .... 1,995 1932 .... 3,947 .... 1,607 1933 3,980 3,856 1934 .... 6,044 .... 7,398 1935 .... 5,688 .... 9,721 Guinea Airways Ltd. operates regular air services in New Guinea and Papua, and uses over 33 Aerodromes and Landing-grounds in the two Territories.

One of Guinea Airways’ new 14-passenger Ford Aeroplanes, on an aerodrome in New Guinea. ■ m. 1 . m AERIAL-TRANSPORT Speedy, Safe and Dependable made possible the Rapid Development of the great Morobe Goldfield, and the Consequent Enrichment of the Mandated Territory. Aeroplanes, running on Regular Schedules, without Difficulty or Delay, carried in Dredges, Crushing Mills, Cyaniding Plants, Motor Vehicles, Hydro-Electric Machinery, and Every Kind of Goods Needed by a Large and Growing European Community.

Guinea Airways L™

LAE HEAD OFFICE;

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Grenfell Street

ADELAIDE, S.A.

Branch Offices And Agents

- SALAMAUA NEW GUINEA OFFICE: LAE

Mandated Territory Of

New Guinea

At Wau, Salamaua, Port Moresby, And Sydney

Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936

When two long thirsts equal one long bottle!

"IVhat’s yours?” i "Resch’s PUsenet ” z "So’s mine.”

E When you ask for Pilsener insist E on the long bottle.

RESCH'S PILSENER Pacific Islands Monthly, March 19, 1936