PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly Vol. Vl. No. 6 January, 24th 1936 [Registered at the G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission hy post as a newspaper .] 6 d

A Snapshot In Tahiti

1 Progress in the Pacific CINCE Australia became Responsible for the Administration of New Guinea, the 1 00-Per-Cent-Australian Firm of W. R.

Carpenter and Co., Ltd., has Devoted its Enterprise and Energy to the Sound Development of Islands Industries. It has Established Stores and Trading Stations wherever they were needed, in the Mandated Territory and the Solomon Islands.

Provided Inter-Island Shipping, for which purpose Two Motor-Vessels have been built in Australia, by Australian workmen.

Established Plantations, and assisted Australian Returned Soldiers in the Establishment of Plantations.

Built and Operated, at Rabaul, a Slip capable of handling Inter-Island Vessels.

Organised and Equipped an Aerial Transport Service (British-built, engined and manned), which now regularly carries Freight and Passengers between Salamaua and the New Guinea Goldfields centres.

Established a line of Modern Motor- Vessels, carrying Freight and Passengers between Pacific Islands and Australian Ports and Europe, on a Regular Schedule.

W. R. C. LINE THE two Modern motor-vessels of the W.R.C. Line, namely, M.V. RABAUL (5600 tons) and M.V. SALAMAUA (6734 tons), are now carrying on a Regular Freight and Passenger Service, between European and Australian Ports, with Scheduled Calls at Rabaul and Salamaua (with calls at other New Guinea ports as required), and Dakar (West Africa) about every ten weeks. Calls at Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, and Fiji ports made as required.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these Vessels, at special rates; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates, Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise : Complete Range of all Stocks Carried.

H ead Office: 19-21 O’CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain), KAVIENG (New Ireland), MADANG (New Guinea), SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea), TULAGI (Solomon Islands), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON Bayers and Shippers of: Copra, Trocas, and all Classes of Islands Produce The Twin-screw Motorship, “Salamaua,” 6yjj. Tons Assisting Development and m. i . *1 ■ A Modern Dragon-Moth Two-Engined Aeroplane, one of the Units of the Carpenter Aerial Transport Service, now operating between Salamaua, Port Moresby and the New Guinea Goldfields Aerodromes.

Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Pacific Islands Travellers

PASSENGERS PER MONTORO WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Papua And New

GUINEA ON DECEMBER 17: Messrs. Austin, Atkinson, Batze, Brewer, Brown, Collins, Cowie, Cook, Carpenter, Carroll, Colebrook, Comb, Dye, Eaton, Eldred, Ellis, Ely, Forrester, Freeman, Guthrie, Gardiner, Graham, Henderson, Hewlett, Hamilton, Holliday (2), Humphries, James, Jack, Joubert, King, Loose, McKoahnic, McNamee, Mc- Eacharn, Morrow, Marshall, Michell, Mitchell, Sir Hubert Murray, Napier, O’Dea, Pitmann, Pincott, Pollard, Renfrew, Rideout, Rowe, Rich, Rich, Robertson, Rudd, Schilling, Sewell, Shelley, Shoppee, Silburn, Smith, Stewart, Strathearn, Thorpe, Sheppard, Streamer, Rev. Ure, Wilkins, Wells, Blaikie Webster, Waterhouse, Winters; Mesdames Austin, Atkinson, Blundell, Brewer, Chester, Duchatel, Guinan, Holliday, Humphries, Joubert, James, Morrow, Parer, Shaw, Sheppard, Shoppee, Smith, Terry, Thompson, Ure, Blaikie Webster; Misses Bechervaise, Carter, Craig, Claremant, Cooper, Kirkland, Leeder, McAlpine, Smith.

Passengers Per Morinda From New

Hebrides, Norfolk Is., And Lord Howe

IS.. WHICH ARRIVED IN SYDNEY ON DE- CEMBER 18: Messrs. Ashton, Ainsworth, Bailey, Bradley, Chaffer, Crowe, Eagor, Ellis, Fenton, Fletcher, Folks, Gill, Heath, Ironside, McKay, Miller, McKinney, MacKenzie, Nichols, Powell, Paton, Quested, Roberts, Reynolds, Seaborn, Shaw, Sparke, Spooner, Tanner; Mesdames Anderson, Chaffer, Bailey, Collins, Cox, Dignam, De Groen, Glover, Hillman, Heath, Lucas, McGrath, McKay, MacKenzie, Meyes, Pettigrew, Paton, Purdic, Evans; Misses Adam, Bear, Bright, Browne, Dargan, Fisher, Hargreaves, Junor, MacArthur, Me- Loughlin, Murphy, MacKenzie, Miller, Newman, Yates.

PASSENGERS PER MACDHUI WHICH DE-

Parted From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA ON DECEMBER 18: Messrs.

Angelo, Baldwin, Bergstrand, Dickinson, Dillon, Emery, Edwards, Fitch, Greig, Marshall (2), Munro, Noble, O’Donnell, Page, Pierce, Peper, Sutton, Skelly, Smith, Swinson, Sheekey, Smith (2), Sanderson, Simpson, Tomlinson, Tudor (2), Williams, Woodhouse, Winters; Mesdames Bayliss, Baldwin, Brennan, D’Arcy, Drayson, Greig, Gordon, Herford-Smith, Hughes, Marshall, Mc- Lennan, Parsonson, Patterson, Russell, Shennan, Smith, Sloss, Tomlinson, Upson; Misses Andrews, Blake, Cooper, Denning, Elliott, Holmes, Herford- Smith, Hughes (2), Holcombe, Henley, Humphries, Mills, MacGregor, Oakes, Pech, Peterson, Skelly.

Passengers Per Mariposa Which

Arrived In Sydney On December 30:—

Mrs. A. K. Aspinall, Master R. Aspinall, D. Barlow, C. C. Barry, W. Brown, Mr. and Mrs.

A. Brooks, Miss M. Brooks, Mrs. F. Brooks.

C. Chewings, Mrs. E. C. Clinton, Mr. and Mrs.

W. Doran, Miss I. Featherstonehaugh, Dr. W. E.

Giblin, R. P. Harricks, Mr. and Mrs. D. Johnston, F. Mars, R. May, Mr. and Mrs. E. Morgan, Master L. Morgan, H. Phillips, G. Rolph, D.

W. Robertson, Mrs. L. G. Rose, J. B. Theodore, G. Truman, Dr. L. Werz, J. Adams, A. Andrews, Miss E. Atkins, Miss B. Johnson, C. Jorgenson, Miss I. P. Knight, J. W. Mason, R. H.

Niblett, D. Paris, A. Radley, C. Ricetti, J.

Sharpies, R. J. Slattery, Miss B. Tall, Mrs. E.

M. Thompson.

Passengers Per Aorangi Which Left

SYDNEY FOR SUVA ON JANUARY 2: R. Boyd, Miss D. Gilden, Miss E. Colquhon, Mr. Ramsay, Mr. and Mrs. O. Cobb, Master B. Cobb, Mr. and Mrs. M. French, Miss E. H. Despaud, Mrs. N.

Price, N. Hunter, Miss N. E. Cobb, Miss V. Ginns, Miss E. Buxton, Mrs. S. N. Ramsay, Miss F.

Blacklock, Miss Andrews, J. I. Ball, Col. and Mrs.

P- J- Wilkinson, A. D. Upton, L. Brown, Miss I. M. Brown, Miss E. Edwards, S. T. Buckle, W.

A. H. Lodder, Miss M. A. Baum, Mr. and Mrs.

C. Kendrick, Master J. Kendrick, Mrs. R. S.

N. Milliken, D. MacDonald, G. W. Meiers, Mrs.

R. Slater, M. Bousquet, Rev. Father J. C. Verbaeys, Mr. and Mrs. N. Bellchambers, Masters S. D., and L. Bellchambers, Misses 8., V., and E. Bellchambers, V. G. Clarke, A. M. Sail, M.

W. Burrows, Mrs. A. G. Weight, Mrs. M. Yeats, Master W. Yeats, Mr. Land, R. S. M. Milliken, M. Vithal, J. A. Sinclair Burke.

R Per Mariposa Which

LEFT SYDNEY FOR SUVA ON JANUARY 8; Mrs. A. Allen Master K. Allen, Miss Baxter, S „ K - • lgr^l! ’ Adam Boyd, Mr. and Mrs. P. T.

Cahill, Muss E. Challand, Mrs. I. M. Cooper, Miss V, f- C 2?.P er > T Dr - Loftus Hills, Miss A. Hunter, Major Clive Joske, Mrs. E. Kearney, Miss K.

Kearney, Miss A. Kennewell, D. A. Leach, Mrs.

B. Lennon, Mr. and Mrs. H. McSpedden, Mr. and Mrs. C. Moss, Miss P. O’Donnell, Miss E. Prahl, Mrs. T. Saker, Mrs. N. Sonenberg, Miss S.

Sonenberg, Mr. Stannon, Mr. and Mrs. B. Wilson, Rev. Father H. Bousquet, Mrs. E. M. Faddy, R. Jolly, L. Jones, P. Jones, W. Jones, A. T.

Lowe, Miss D. Moore, Mr. and Mrs. E. Newman, Miss B. L. Newman, Miss F. Nunn, A. E. Potter, Mr. and Mrs. C. Storck, J. H. Tovey, Rev. Father A. J. Verbaeys, W. Wassilli, Mr. and Mrs. L. R.

Ward, Master K. R. Ward.

Passengers Per Morinda Which

Sailed From Sydney For Lord Howe

Is.. Norfolk Is., And New Hebrides On

JANUARY 8: Messrs. Allen, Anderson, Ainsworth, Austic, Aiken, Brown, Bestic (2), Barf, Blundell, Cook (2), Chapman. Flack, Forsyth, Greenwood, Hay (2), Heath, Sir Hubert Murray, McLeod, Mason (2), Nicholls, Olle, Perry, Pearcey, Ranken, Roberts, Stowe, Start. Stanger-Leathes, Tucker, Troughton, Twiss, Wilson, Wallis, Young; Mesdames Allen, Brown, Browne, Blundell, Flack, Hay, Heath, Hankinson, King, Mason, Olle, Ranken, Retmock, Start, Williams, Young; Misses Anderson (2), Blackburn, Baxter, Carroll, Fenton. Heyden, McGlenahan, McDonnell, McArthur, Mackay, McCowage, Nobbs, O’Brien, Tanner, Wilson.

PASSENGERS PER MALAITA WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Solomon Is. And

RABAUL (N.G.) ON JANUARY 9: Messrs. Ault, Boardman, Burnell, Buchanan, Bennett, Bowman, Cullen, Davis, Dickes, Dethridge, Goodwin, Grey, Helm, Howes, Johnston, Kwaszynski, Luttrell, Murray, Middleton, McMenamin, O’Brien, Rawson, Simpson, Summerland, Shearwin, Urquhart, Wager, Webeck Father Weber, Walker, Younger; Mesdames Bignell, Cox, Cameron, Dickes, Downward, Grey, Howes, Mason, Maw, Mcßride, Minto; Misses Allen, Downward, Jones, Weller, Wilson, Sisters Hortense, Sylvester, and Stephanie.

Passengers Per Montoro, Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA ON JANUARY 11: Messrs. Atkinson, Bowman, Barwick, Broadhurst, Blackman, Breghin, Blanden, Boyd, Bortagnon, Cattell, Cameron, Chenoweth, Carter, Collins, Creswick.

Chapman, Castle, Condren Chester, Clarence, Father Chabot. Deards, Downs. Egan, Eilertz, Eaton, Finn, Flower, Gibbons, Hawker, Henderson, Hall, Hadley. Hill, Halliday, Hides, Imlay, Irwin, Johnson, Kiley, Ledoux, Captain Loose, Melvin, Mader, Mollison, McEwan, McClennan, Meldrum, Mcßae, Montgomery, McLaughlin, Mc- Kenna, Middleton, McConnon, Captain Nursey, O’Dea, Oldham, Pender, Rutherford, Rutledge, Donners, Shotton, Smith, Shanahan, Stevenson, Scott, Smythe, Spychigor, Turner, Vinall, Ward, Wiltshire, Wilson, Whelan, Woof, Warner-Shand, Wood, Yates, Zoffman; Mesdames Broad, Blanden, Drane, Griffiths, Gills, Hall, Hill, Keith, Lowe, Lewis, Thomson, Oldham, Pentland, Robinson, Shotton, Turner, Ward; Misses Cooper, Gale, Kirkland, Luttrell, Loxton, McDougall, Snelson, O’Dea, Turner, Twomey.

Passengers Per Van Rees Which

ARRIVED IN SYDNEY FROM PAPUA, N.G., VILA. AND NOUMEA ON JANUARY 14.—Wilson White, L. Kingdon, Mr. and Mrs. C. Champion, W. T. Korn, J. M. Bourke, T. M. Ford, Mr. and Mrs. M. A. Nag, J. Comb, Miss Tonkin, Mr. and Mrs. R. N. Wayne and infant, Dr. L.

Fuhrmann, Mrs. J. A. Stevens, F. Bryen, B.

George, F. Kane, C. F. Cowley, Mrs. C. I. Hill, J. Suzor, Mrs. O. Sullivan, P. O. Sullivan, Mrs.

V. M. Bouchet, A. Le Leizour, Mrs. L. Leizour, V.

Soury Lavergne, Mrs. J. Barbancon, Mrs. P. Lebreton and child, L. Fry, Mrs. L. Lancaster, Miss A. Vincent, Mrs. M. Begand, L. Burkard.

Mr. A. R. Barrett, S.D.A. missionary of Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands, who is spending his furlough in Tasmania, went across to Melbourne early in January to attend the Seventh Day Adventist Mission’s camp at Preston, Victoria. He is a former resident of South Australia. 1 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCHANTS • ■' ' -f.

IB ua'ii 111 • V.. i HD Hi 111 IP in ■K SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Head Office; 7 Bridge Street, Sydney—Australia Code Address: "Burphil"

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea — Papua Solomon Is.—Lord Howe Is.—Norfolk Is.—New Hebrides—Java and Singapore ADVERTISERS Page Adams. Ltd., Wm. 36 Alois Akun & Co. .. 44 Amalgamated Wireless of Aust. Ltd. 76 Arnott’s Biscuits .. 61 Ausoline 66 Bank of N.S.W. ... 19 Barrington, D.Y.5... 42 B. & S. Agency ... 16 Belvedere 58 Bentley, E., & Sons 46 Berger & Sons Ltd. 16 Bernhard, H 66 Blatticide Co 53 Breckwoldt & Co. .. 50 Broomfields Ltd. .. 27 Brunton’s Flour ... 56 Bullivants Ltd 47 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 B.P. Magazine 29 B.P. (S.S.) Co 35 Buzacott Ltd 37 Capell, J 52 Carfax Agency .... 19 Carpenter, W. R.

Ltd ii Cent. Q’land Meat Co 39 Chivers & Co. Ltd. 28 Coleman Quicklite.. 22 •Coles. A. H. J 50 Coral Starch 57 Corrie Tea Co 12 Cousins, R. Y 49 Crookhaven Hotel... 15 Crossle, Duff and Macintosh Ltd. .. 68 ■“Crowle House” ... 59 Cuprinol 53 Curios Wanted 43 Dadson, A. J 17 Dexter, Henry 38 Doan’s Pills 26 Donald, A. B. Ltd. 65 Doyle, T. G 66 Eaton Ltd.. L W. 36 Electrolytic R. & S.

Co. Ltd 70 Elvy & Co. Ltd. .. 13 Erg Batteries 75 Excelsior Supply Co. 44 Page “Fairholme” College 20 Fellows, S. J. & E. 69 Field, Cedric 17 Finau, Wm 25 Fletcher & Son ... 48 Flynn, Mrs. W. ... 75 Ford Sherington Ltd. 12 Ford. Walter 12 Ford; W. M 47 Forster’s Bedsteads 26 Foster & Sons, Geo. 68 Foster Clark (Aust.) Ltd. ... 33 Freeman’s Sports Stores 51 Fryer, A. C 77 Garden Vale Products 34 Garrett & Davidson 46 Gillespie’s Flour ... 34 Goodwin, A. E 71 Grand Pacific Hotel 64 Guinea Airways Ltd. hi Gunn & Moore Ltd. 29 Hallstrom, E 54 Halvorsen, L 79 Harper. M 50 Holbrook’s Ltd. ... 35 Holden’s Air T. ... 80 Hopewood House .. 13 Horne, W. & Co. 62 Hotel Gnd. Central 20 1.C.1.A.N.Z 74 Insular Lamps Ltd. 49 Jackson, Stanley .. 14 Jang Hing Loong .. 62 Jantzen (Aust.) Ltd. 14 Jones & Co., Henry 23 Jones & Rickard .. 77 Joubert & Joubert.. 58 Kerr Bros. Ltd 28 Koko-Maricopas Co. 59 Kodak Pty. Ltd. .. 25 Kopsen & Co. Ltd. 77 Kork-N-Seal Ltd. .. 54 Kriesler (Aust.) Ltd. 17 Lane & Girvan Ltd. 50 Leica Photo Co. ... 30 Love. Ltd., J. R. •• 22 Mcllraith’s Ltd. ... 24 McKay, D. 26 Maleham & Yeomans 29 Marr, E. A 70 Maxwell Porter Ltd. 36 Melbourne Hotel ... 62 Morris, Hedstrom Ltd 18 Mowbray House ... 60 Mungo Scott Ltd. .. 39 Napier, Gardiner & Co 16 National Research Council 71 N.D.L 78 Nelson & Robertson 55 New Brit. Express.. 56 Newlands Bros. Ltd. 45 Nicholson & Foster 37 Noyes Bros. Ltd. .. 47 Pacific Hotels 40 Pacific Taxis 63 Paul & Gray Ltd. .. 55 Peel & Sons, H. .. 57 Phillips & House .. 45 Pier Hotel 63 Pike Bros. Ltd 30 “Positions Wanted’’ 19, 67 Prescott Ltd 56 Prouds Ltd. 41 Ransomes, Sims & Jeffries Ltd 54 Reed, Wm. E 32 Reid, W. M 48 Rohu, Sil 31 Rolls Razor Co. Ltd. 31 Roseville Girls College 58 Royal Packet Co. Ltd. 1 Russell, S 77 Ruston & Hornsby 67 Rutty & Co., M. .. 46 Samson, A. J 12 Savage, W. & Co. .. 72 Scott, Ltd., J 52 Scott & Sons 53 Shopping Service .. 16 Simplex Baltic Co.. 32 Springwood L. Col 75 Stanley Chris 23 Steamships T. Co. .. 78 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Stromberg Carlson (A/sia.) Ltd 21 Summerbell, A... 34, 78 Swallow & Ariell .. 38 Sydney Steel Co. .. 77 Talkeries 28 Tamarang Hostel .. 60 Taubman’s Paints .. 42 Taylor & Co., A. .. 49 Thompson Engineering Co. Ltd 43 Thornthwaite, H. G. 27 Tillock & Co. Ltd... 23 Tooheys Ltd 15 Tooth & Co iv Trinity Grammar School 75 Trufood 22 Tudor Hotel 13 T.W.H. Paint 48 Vincent’s A.P.C. ... 1 Wallis, J. B. & Co. 72 Walvon Kennels ... 66 Wentworth Hotel .. 29 West, H 27 West’s Wheels .... 69 Weymark & Son .. 56 Wheeler, B. R 31 White Pty. Ltd., Co. 18 Wills, W. D. &.H. O. 31 Williams Pty. Ltd. 73 Williams. W. H. .. 65 Wright & Co., E. .. 52 Wunderlich Ltd. ... 42 Contents Page Pacific Islands Travellers 1 Reactions to Newspaper Criticism .. 3 B.P. Ships and Strike 4 Copra Market Buoyant 5 Hurricane in Western Pacific . . ~ 5 Trans-Pacific Air Services 6 Fanning and Washington Is. Sold . . 6 Lord Moyne’s Yacht in Papua and the Mandated Territory .. .. 7 Aerial Transport in New Guinea .. 7 Boat Lost in Samoa 8 The “Wampit Rush” 8 Polynesian Powhiri for Lord Beauchamp 9 The “Japanese Menace” 9 Preference for Islands Tea 10 Petroliferous Geyser in Dutch N.G. 10 Tropicalities 11 About Islands People 12 Profit-Makers on N.G. Goldfields . . 14 A Papuan Axe-Head 16 Condition of Little Settlement on Sunday Island 17 Salamaua in the “Rush” Days .. .. 19 Samoan Mau and N.Z. Elections .. 22 Page Making Artisans Out of Papuan Natives 23 The Wealth of Bulolo G.D. Company 27 Pages From the Past —Case of the Schooner Norval 28 Death of Mr. J. A. Philips (Tahiti) 33 “Mutiny on the Bounty” Film .. .. 35 Future of Solomon Islands 36 S.I. Council Meeting 38 Men Who Knew Yesterday—4. “Fox of Melanesia” 41 “Joseph Conrad” at Tulagi 43 A Movie-Cameraman on Rennell Is. 44 Mosquitoes in the Tropics 46 An Epic of Papua 49 Solomons Gold Search 50 Kwato Mission and Trading .. . . 57 Fashion Hints for Islands Women .. 58 Housekeeping in the Tropics .. .. 60 Future Government of Fiji 62 Education of Pacific Races 65 What are N.G.’s Chief Needs? .. .. 67 Pacific Mining Reports 68 Sir Walter Randolph Carpenter .. 73 Shipping Services in the Pacific . . 78 2 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Pacific Islands monthly The Newspaper Magazine of the South Seas [ Registered at G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper ] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 3408 R Contributions Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands Subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid Post Free 6/- Pcr Annum, elsewhere, prepaid, Post Free .. 8/- Single Copies 6d.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON.

ADVERTISEMENTS Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc. by Arrangement.

Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

Registered Address for Radiograms and Cables: “PACPUB” Sydney Agents The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for “The Pacific Islands Monthly”— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., and Burns Philp (South Seas) Co., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd.

All Branches of Morris, Hedstrom & Co., Ltd.

G. Thomas & Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai, Papua.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji.

All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

S. Russell, Papeete, Tahiti.

Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga, Cook Is.

Vol. VI., No. 6 Sydney, January 24, 1936 I 6d. Per Copy. * Tice | Prepaid: 6/- p.a.

Reactions To Newspaper Criticism

N OT long ago an important person — very important, insofar that he is to an extent associated with companies controlling millions of pounds of subscribed capital —became angry because we had criticised adversely certain of his activities. So he threatened the Pacific Islands Monthly with extinction; and he went to the length of interviewing certain advertisers, and informing them that they would incur his costly displeasure if they continued to support “that rag.” The advertisers —to their credit be it said —were rude to him, and continued to advertise.

This is by no means an isolated case.

In the 5J years that have elapsed since I established this journal, and began to tell the truth, as I see it, I have been threatened with divers punishments and penalties. There are two classes of men who cannot bear newspaper criticism — the thick-necked plutocrat, accustomed to the grovelling obedience which is commanded by wealth; and the pinheaded bureaucrat, who is convinced that he and his regulations cannot possibly be wrong. Their reactions to criticism are quite different.

The plutocrat probably shouts and waves his arms, and seeks means by which he can stamp upon the neck of his critic. “Who owns this rag?”

“Where does its revenues come from?” — and off he goes, to use his money-power either to get at the owner, or scare off the newspaper’s customers. So far, this class of gentleman has done me little harm. I am myself the owner of this paper, and I am not easily scared. I know of only two advertisers, among the hundreds who support us, who have been driven out of the P.I.M. by malignant influences of the kind described.

The offended office-holder is a more difficult proposition. Monsieur Moneybags, who uses his wealth in monopolistic fashion for anti-social purposes, is a public enemy, and can be dealt with like any other menace. But the acts by which Monsieur Bureaucrat arouses criticism are committed, almost always, with the best of intentions. It is simply that he is a fool, or a man whose judgment is coloured by his prejudices, so that he uses his authority, unconsciously, in unjust or oppressive fashion. A position of administrative authority demands, not only knowledge and experience, but also clear vision—especially in relation to the future —and a judicial mind; and many men reach those positions by length of service, industry, and loyalty, and are without the judicial and visual equipment. They protect their positions by hanging on to the letter of their well-thumbed books of regulations; and they reply to criticism by spitting venom. This factor —the “personal equation” —is well recognised by critics of public administration, and due allowance is made therefor by fair-minded men.

Certain Islands bureaucrats who have been under criticism have shown their teeth, in no uncertain fashion, to the Pacific Islands Monthly. They have used their official authority sparingly; but their personal influence has been active and savage. They even have attempted, on occasion, to enlist the aid of commercial and financial interests in a campaign against this journal. We have been aware of these things, but we 3 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

have attempted no retaliatory action.

Human nature is the same, the world over. Allowances must be made.

But, in view of one or two recent incidents, it is perhaps desirable that I restate the position and policy of the Pacific Islands Monthly. The journal is owned by Pacific Publications Ltd., and I own all the shares in that company.

So long as I and the company pay our debts, I shall remain the owner. Aggrieved gentlemen, therefore, are only wasting their time in seeking elsewhere for owners of the journal, who might be induced to put a muzzle on me.

So far as our aims and objects are concerned, we never have deviated from the policy we announced in 1930 —publicity service for the Pacific Islands territories. That embraces a multitude of things, summed up as co-operation with all interests concerned to obtain better administration, better trade, and better living conditions. Looking back over the years, we can claim fairly that we have been of assistance in many ways to residents, to trading interests, and to the Administrations.

Certain things that we did brought us no pleasure in the doing. We gave very much offence to various worthy officials of New Guinea because of our agitation in the Larkin case; but we believed—and still believe—that James Larkin was cruelly over-punished for the crime he committed. We made bitter enemies by our criticism of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd.; but we believed—and still believe —that that monster concern has done disservice to the Territory of New Guinea by squatting unprofitably for so long on so rich a section of the New Guinea goldfield. We have given offence to some Fiji interests because we wholeheartedly support the Governor’s policy in relation to the constitution and franchise; but we believe that the Governor’s view is the long-sighted view, and will best serve British Imperial interests in the Pacific. We have been criticised because we do not attack “the big firms”; but the primary purpose of the big firms is to make profits for their shareholders, and, so long as they make them without oppression, cruelty or tyranny, and provide efficient services, it is not our business to attack an accepted and legitimate system.

R. W. Robson.

Mr. “Jock” Mclntosh, overseer of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. Ltd. at Ba, Fiji, was swept from his horse and drowned while crossing the Ba River on the night of January 2. Mr. Mclntosh, who was married, was well known in Suva and the northern district of Fiji.

B.P. FLEET All Running Despite Strike T'HE whole of the Burns, Philp and Company’s Pacific Islands fleet was affected by the Australian seamen’s strike, and for a time it appeared that Pacific Islands residents would be caused serious inconvenience.

The Macdhui, Morinda, Malaita and Montoro, however, were got away with volunteer crews with remarkably little delay, and the Pacific Islands services on the whole have not suffered very grave derangement. Both the ship-owners and the Pacific Islands residents have suffered a good deal of loss and inconvenience—but it was small compared with the loss borne by the owners of Australian coastal liners whose vessels have been tied up for nearly two months.

The B.P. timetables, of course, have been thrown completely out of gear, and those which have been tentatively arranged this month are still subject to “strike conditions permitting.”

At the moment of this writing, January 22, it appears that the strike is collapsing, and it may be taken as reasonably certain that the Papua, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Hebrides services will be regularly maintained.

Islands residents have every reason to compliment Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co.

Ltd. upon their success in getting their ships moving with such little delay. The seamen on this occasion were in a particularly ugly mood, and completely under the dominance of the militants; but the old B.P. firm apparently has among its ships’ crews a nucleus of solid, loyal men who stand by it in an emergency in very helpful fashion.

A Modern St. George Deals With A Very Modern

DRAGON

Saint Fletcher And The Fiji Wild Cat

—Cartoon by “Rox” 4 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Empire In Mourning

KING GEORGE V. died peacefully, after a brief illness, on Monday, January 20, at 11.55 p.m. He was aged 70, and had reigned for 25 years.

The whole Empire, and a great many non-British countries, mourn the death of a monarch who was widely loved and universally esteemed.

The Prince of Wales, on January 21, succeeded to the Throne with the title of Edward VIII.

The late King’s funeral has been fixed for January 28. It is to be a close holiday, and a day of mourning throughout the Empire.

Copra Price

Market Still Buoyant THE copra quotation continues to rise, and there is joy accordingly throughout the Pacific territories. The cheery figures may be seen on page 77 of this issue.

Copra interests generally take a confident view of the immediate future. It is said that one factor in raising the price is a demand for munitions-making purposes, copra containing certain ingredients which are in demand for explosives.

Another factor, however, is the certainty that there will be only a limited amount of Antarctic whale oil.

Still another factor is the extraordinary action taken by the Supreme Court of the United States of America in declaring as unconstitutional all that far-reaching legislation brought into operation by the Federal Government to assist economic recovery. The processing taxes, which represent a source of enormous revenue, were swept out of existence by this decision. There is no doubt that the introduction of the processing taxes last year had a bad effect on the world copra market, insofar that they shut out a considerable quantity of Philippines copra and turned it on to the European market. It is now assumed that this copra will go back to the United States.

There also is a shortage of tallow and cotton seed oil in U.S.A.

In spite of war alarums and excursions there is no doubt that a substantial section of the world is enjoying a return to economic prosperity, and that, of course, must assist the prices of all primary commodities, including copra.

Unknown Central

N. GUINEA Papuan Reconnaissance by Air AN aerial reconnaissance over the newly discovered territory in Central Papua will be carried out almost immediately by Mr. Ivan Champion and Mr. Jack Hides.

It is reported that a Guinea Airways machine will be used, and that the object of the flight is to enable Mr. Hides to point out to Mr. Champion the leading features of the country which Mr. Hides penetrated last year and which Mr. Champion will pass through during his forthcoming exploratory patrol (referred to in the December issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly) .

Mr. Hides, after extended sick leave, left for Papua by the Montoro on January 11. He has not yet recovered his health but he was glad to comply with the wish of the Lieutenant-Governor (Sir Hubert Murray) that he should make available to Mr. Champion all possible data which might assist Mr. Champion in the contemplated patrol.

This aeroplane reconnaissance, as far as we -know, is the first of the kind that has been attempted over this difficult and practically unknown terrain, and the result of the flight will be awaited with much interest. If it should prove to be a practicable method, it probably will be used extensively in the future in securing accurate knowledge of the remaining tracts of unknown Central New Guinea. In this connection it is worthy of note that just across the border, in Dutch New Guinea, large modern aeroplanes are being used in a preliminary examination of that hitherto unknown territory.

HURRICANE Solomons and Hebrides Affected J3EPORTS from various sources indi- -*■*' cate that a hurricane developed in the Western Pacific between December 8 and 14, and affected the Southern Solomons and the New Hebrides. It was not a very serious “blow” —although it occasioned some anxiety in Fiji for a time; but it moved off to the north-eastwards and missed Fiji.

The first reports came from Vanikoro (Southern Solomons) and were to the effect that on December 8 and 9 all the buildings belonging to the saw-milling settlement there, except the manager’s house and the store, had been wrecked and some of them blown out to sea. It was a terrifying experience, apparently, but no-one was injured.

Two days later, on December 11, the hurricane was reported near Vila, moving slowly in a south south-easterly direction. It remained generally westwards of Vila for some time, moving northwards and southwards. Reports from French sources are to the effect that no great damage was done, although numerous plantations on the outlying islands were severely shaken, and owners of small buildings and of small vessels reported some losses.

Miss Ida Bowden, of the Melanesian Mission at Raga, New Hebrides, has been spending furlough in New Zealand.

Captain J. L. W. Rawson, master of Levers’ motor vessel Kurimarau, returned to the Solomon Islands by the Malaita from Australia on January 9.

Japanese Acquire Nickel

MINE 4 JAPANESE organisation has taken over a nickel mine near Kua, on the eastern coast of New Caledonia. It is estimated that about 30,000 tons of nickel ore can be obtained there. Arrangements have been made to improve and extend the wharfage accommodation, so that the ore may be loaded directly on to Japanese vessels, Mr. Joseph Harper, a prominent resident of Levuka, Fiji, died at his home at Vagadace on December 25.

Two photographs taken on the island of Niuafoou, on the outskirts of the Tongan Group, where two craters erupted early in December.

The top picture shows the extinct crater in the centre of the island. In the bottom photo, is an island in the large crater-lake which takes up more than half of Niuafoou. There are a number of these islets, which themselves contain craters. Through bathing in the hot springs of this lake, the natives have remarkably clean skins.

Photos.: W. Finau. 5 Pacific islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Transpacific Air Services

Complete Success of Inaugural 'Frisco-Manila Flight PIONEERING the trans-Pacific airmail service, the 25-ton flying boat, China Clipper, soared through the Golden Gate on the return from her ocean cruise to the Philippines via Hawaii, a distance of 16,000 miles, in December (says a writer in the Melbourne Herald).

This great feat was carried out without a hitch and according to schedule, which provides for a plane each way every fortnight, but passengers will not be carried until the service has reached the stage of routine regularity.

Thus, within eight years of the pioneer flight across the Pacific by Kingsford Smith and Ulm, their dream of a commercial service has been realised.

This great flying boat carries a crew of nine and takes 60 hours on the passage across the ocean from San Francisco to Manila. She carries two tons of mail each way.

The inauguration of this service represents the fruits of five years of preparatory work. Island bases, depots and landing grounds were prepared; the route was surveyed in great detail, and an elaborate system of weather stations from one side of the ocean to the other has been set up. where every slightest change in the weather map is analysed and communicated to the meteorologist in the plane by wireless.

These weather stations and radio stations keep a 24-hour watch and call up the China Clipper every 30 minutes. Thus she maintains continual contact with civilisation in her passage across the ocean.

The route outward lies via Honolulu (the first and most risky section over open ocean, with no friendly islands), Midway Island, Wake Island, Guam and thence to Manila.

Each of these are stopping places where the giant craft is re-fuelled and re-stored, and any minor repairs or overhauls made.

Directional wireless, radio compasses, four engines and a thoroughly surveyed route with complete weather data are the safeguards of the service, which, when it was inaugurated, marked one of the greatest developments in the exploitation not only of air but of all transport and communication.

The fastest sea-surface time from San Francisco to Manila is at present 21 days.

The China Clipper performs the passage in 60 hours or 2J days.

Air mail from the Philippines is now delivered in Washington and New York six days after posting.

Future developments comprise an extension of the service to China, where Canton is the goal, and, thus, regular air mail services will operate between the Orient and America.

Preparing the Honolulu- Auckland Route The coastguard cutter Ithasca left Honolulu on January 9, taking relief personnel to the aerological observation stations at Baker, Jarvis and Howland Islands. These stations have been established by Pan- American Airways as the first step in the organisation of their new airmail service between Honolulu and Auckland.

The cutter is under the direction of Mr.

W. T. Miller, who is chief of air navigation in the United States Department of Commerce. There are aboard nine Hawaiian youths, who will replace the present personnel on the islands. Lieutenant E. W.

Stephens, a naval aerologist, is also on board. He will study the islands and make observations.

The Ithasca will probably visit Kingman Reef (American Samoa) to enable Mr.

Miller.to determine the value of the islands thereabouts for beacon stations on the proposed air route between Hawaii and New Zealand.

FANNING AND WASHING-

Ton Islands

Sold to B.P. Interests FANNING and Washington Islands, which were offered for sale in London in July last year, have been purchased by an Australian company, Fanning Island Plantations Ltd., which has taken over all the property and assets of Fanning Island Ltd., the syndicate which has owned and operated the two islands in Central Pacific for over 20 years.

The new concern is a subsidiary company of Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co.

Ltd., and has a nominal capital of £40,000 in £1 shares. First directors are: J. Burns, R. J. Nosworthy, L. Armstrong, and J. Mitchell, who are also directors of Burns, Philp.

The tiny islands have a romantic history. They were colonised in the middle of last century by a Scotsman, William Greig, who settled on Fanning Island with a companion, and their native wives.

Later Gilbert Islanders joined the community, and the little settlement flourished. When the two original settlers died, their sons carried on for a time.

After a while the Greigs obtained the largest interest in the islands, and the other man’s children left for Fiji.

A resident of Suva bought out their share and later sold it to a French priest, Father Rougier. The latter was associated for many years with the Greig family, but eventually the two islands were disposed of to Fanning Island Ltd.

Father Rougier, who became a wellknown figure in the Pacific, died in Tahiti about three years ago.

Hon. H. Orton Townsend, M.L.C., arrived in New Guinea by the Nellore on December 24. He had been on long leave in Europe for some months, and represented New Guinea at the last session of the Permanent Mandates Commission.

Death Reported Of

“Chum” Jardine

IT is reported from Darwin that the death occurred recently in the Aroe Islands, off the coast of Dutch New Guinea, of Mr, H. C. Jardine, who was known throughout Northern Australia as a pearler and trader.

He was generally known, and esteemed, as “Chum” Jardine. He was the eldest son of the late Frank Jardine, a pioneer of the Cape York district, of Queensland.

“Chum” Jardine was a very strong man, and an amazing swimmer. He could beat any native in remaining under water. He was famous for his feats in capturing turtles. He would dive down on to the grassy bottoms where a turtle was seen, seize the creature in a peculiar manner, and force it —one hand on its head and one on its tail, or its “steering apparatus” —to come to the surface. He would do this, for sport, in waters that were literally teeming with sharks.

Hon. Ratu Popi Epeli Cakobau, M.L.C., and Hon. Ratu Joseva Lalabalavu Vanaa- Mali Sukuna, Med. Mil., B.A. (Oxon.), M.L.C., prominent native chiefs of Fiji, have been awarded Certificates of Honour “in recognition of loyal and distinguished service to the Colony.”

Death Of J. E. Sabine

ON January 17, Jack E. Sabine, 40, a poultry-farmer in a big way, was blown to pieces in a gelignite explosion in a motor car on his farm at Ryde, near Sydney.

Sabine was well-known in New Guinea a few years ago. He went to New Guinea after having served in the war, and became a successful coconut-planter. He also engaged successfully in horse racing at Rabaul.

It appears that Sabine had established a very modern poultry-farm at Ryde at a cost of about £10,000; and that he had incurred in connection therewith very pressing obligations, as a result of which he was financially embarrassed.

Early in the morning of January 17 he appeared in his usual spirits. He went out to a shed where he kept his car, stepped into the car, and immediately there was a terrific explosion. Detectives made a close .nquiry, and apparently they formulated a suicide theory. Mrs. Sabine told the police that her husband had been suffering from the effects of malaria and was far from well.

Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Oldham returned to Samarai by the Montoro from Sydney on January 11. Mr. Oldham is a Resident Magistrate in the Papuan Public Service. 6 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Lord Moyne’S

YACHT Calls at Papuan Ports En Route to Rabaul and the Ramu From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Dec. 21.

ON December 15, Lord Moyne’s yacht, Rosaura, with a party on board, arrived at Port Moresby from Singapore bound for the Mandated Territory of New Guinea to collect specimens for the British Museum, and to study anthropology. After obtaining 2,000 gallons of water, the vessel sailed the following morning for Rabaul.

Before arriving in Papua the party had spent some time travelling up the Batavia River, in Dutch New Guinea. Leaving that territory they intended to put in at Thursday Island for water, but before reaching T.I. the vessel went ashore on a sandbank. They remained stranded for 24 hours, and finally were forced to jettison a quantity of fuel oil.

Learning that, owing to a drought on Thursday Island, water was unprocurable there, Lord Moyne continued on to Daru, Papua’s western port of call. The Rosaura then proceeded past Bramble Cay to the entrance of the Purari Delta, from which visits were made up the Alele River, entrance to the large villages of the Kiriki, which lie in the labyrinth of waterways forming the greater part of the district.

Specimens of rare birds and strange curios were secured.

At Port Moresby Lord Moyne and his party, consisting of Lady Broughton and her daughter, Viscount Elveden, Mr. Anthony Chaplin (a representative of the British Museum), and Mrs. Chaplin, were entertained by the Acting Governor (Dr.

Walter M. Strong).

Originally, it had been intended to spend a few weeks along the Eastern Papuan coast, calling at Samarai and the Trobriand Islands, but it was decided that in order to get more water quickly the vessel should go direct to Rabaul, as soon as possible.

The party will later visit the N.G. goldfields, and then go on up the Ramu River in the two large cabin-cruisers, which they carry on the yacht.

It was reported from London a few weeks ago that Messrs. Leahy Brothers had assisted to organise the expedition and would accompany the yacht; but they do not appear to be aboard. Possibly, they intend to join the expedition in Northern New Guinea.

Rosaura at Rabaul From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, January 1. f | TIE yacht Rosaura, carrying Lord Moyne and his party, arrived in port on December 22 to obtain fresh water and provisions before proceeding on a cruise through the adjacent New Guinea islands and an exploration of the Ramu River, on the N.G. mainland.

After leaving Rabaul on December 23 and making a short cruise the vessel returned and picked up Mr, and Mrs. E. J.

Wauchope, taking them to their home at Awar on the mainland. Mr. Wauchope will act as pilot to the party on the voyage up the Ramu River.

Lord Moyne was desirous of exploring the Mount Hagen area, but found he was unable to obtain the necessary permission to enter the uncontrolled area in that district.

Aerial Transport in New Guinea Federal Government’s New Policy Creates Stir THE following appeared in a number of Australian newspapers in January: Recently the Commonwealth Government decided to take steps with a view to formulating an aviation policy for the territories of Papua and New Guinea. A scheme which the Government has under consideration favours a merger of existing companies under proper control and regulation, and action has been taken to advise all interested parties to that effect.

The Minister in Charge of Territories (Sir George Pearce) stated that it will be some time before details of the proposed scheme can be made available, but in the meantime any new contracts made will not be considered when the terms of the proposed merger are under discussion.

The latter paragraph probably had reference to a current report that New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. had made new contracts for aerial transport—so per cent, to the Carpenter Airways, and the balance to be divided between Guinea Airways Ltd. and Holdens A.T. Co., Ltd.

Public Protest in N.G.

AS we were going to press, the following report from Wau, T.N.G., appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald: — Although a move has been on foot for 18 months for a merger of all aerial transport companies into one company under political control, formal public notice was only received last week.

At a public meeting on January 18, at which all sections of the community were represented, a motion of protest was unanimously carried.

This merger was to come before Parliament cn Wednesday next. Messages have been sent to the Prime Minister (Mr. Lyons) and the Administrator (Brigadier-General W. R. McNicoll) to the effect that the public is strongly opposed to a monopoly being granted to Guinea Airways, on the groundsthat it is against public policy, and would leave the public at the mercy of the company to make what charges it liked.

Editorial Note THITHER the public meeting or the newspaper correspondent has been seriously misinformed. The matter will not come before the Federal Parliament.

The plan has not been under consideration for 18 months. There is no suggestion of a monopoly being given to Guinea Airways Ltd., and of the public being left at the mercy of that company.

Presumably, some public statement will be made by the Minister; but, as we are now going to press, we may briefly state the position as we understand it.

In view of national defence requirements, the policy of aviation control has been under review throughout the Empire, and the Home and Dominion Governments have decided that air transport generally must be carried on by companies of sufficient strength and efficiency to enable them to be incorporated immediately in a national defence organisation in time of emergency. In view of this, and of the need for protecting the public against risk in air transport, a policy has been formulated of discouraging enterprises by small and weak air transport concerns, which cannot provide an efficient ground service. Instead, the formation of powerful air transport com- Photograph taken in Rabaul, New Guinea, in December, when the Commonwealth Bank staff had prepared a unique method of conveying Christmas greetings. Messrs. W. A. Freeman (left) and L. V.

Waterhouse (right), who were on their way to inspect their respective companies’ interests on the Morobe goldfield, were included in the photograph. The natives, of course, are the Bank’s messenger staff. 7 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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MEN or women who are travelling on business in the Pacific Islands can easily earn commission by booking subscriptions for the Pacific Islands Monthly and Year Book. No effort is needed: the majority of Pacific Islands residents WANT the but many of them lack facilities for ordering it.

At present, representatives are wanted particularly on the Morobe Goldfield, New Guinea, and in Fiji.

We pay a liberal commission. Write to us for details.

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Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney panies will be encouraged, and the public will be protected against exploitation, and the aviation companies against the manifest dangers of rate-cutting by poorly equipped concerns, by a system of charters.

In the case of New Guinea, it is proposed to wipe out all of the existing companies, and give a charter to a concern representing a merger of all interests; but the new concern must give guarantees that it will maintain efficient and safe services, with a complete ground organisation; and that its freight and passenger rates shall not exceed a level that, in the opinion of the Governments concerned, is fair and reasonable.

That is the plan, as we understand it.

Unfortunately, it creates a monopoly, and this generation is very sick and tired of monopolies. The hostility of Wau, in the circumstances, is not at all surprising. If the plan goes through, it will be the duty of the Administration to see that the New Guinea people are adequately protected against exploitation.

Boat Lost In

SAMOA Dangers of Inter-Island Navigation IT was reported in the daily newspapers that on January 17 the motor boat Tiafau, which was carrying 16 passengers and a crew of four, en route from Apia, Western Samoa, to Pago Pago, American Samoa, to connect with the Matson liner Monterey, sank 15 miles off Aleipata in a storm. The captain and three passengers, it was reported, reached Aleipata in a dinghy, but 16 Samoans were drowned and all the mails addressed to New Zealand and Australia, were lost.

The following day, it was announced that the Union steamer Hauraki picked up the 16 survivors and none were drowned.

The Pacific Islands Monthly on more than one occasion issued a warning against the danger that was being run in permitting inter-island communication in Samoa to be carried on by craft that are too small for the purpose. No one apparently took any notice and a practice which had been severely criticised was allowed to continue.

Writing in the P.I.M. in October, 1933, the American journalist, Marc T. Greene, said that British Board of Trade regulation, which for 100 years have been the world standard in maritime safety were being violated in Western Samoa and the British tradition of safety at sea disregarded “to an extent I have never found in any port under the British flag.”

“The trip from Apia to Pago Pago,” continued Mr. Greene, “though less than a hundred miles in distance, can be and frequently is a very strenuous one. It is made in the teeth of the trade wind, and the sea between the islands of Upolu and Tuituila is often rough. Yet, with the single exception of the Burns, Philp boat Makoa, the craft making it are hardly larger than launches. As such they are able enough, but even in ordinary weather the discomfort of the people compelled to make the trip just about passes description. In weather outside the ordinary their safety is often in question.”

Mr. A. W. Dickes, of the Treasury Department of the Solomon Islands Administration, returned to Tulagi with his wife and two children by the Malaita from Sydney on January 9.

The “Wampit

RUSH”

First Authentic Account of New Find on Morobe Goldfield From Our Own Correspondent EDIE CREEK, T.N.G., Dec. 23.

ON November 9, the well-known prospectors, Messrs. Babbington Brothers, reported finding payable gold on Wombombo Creek.

Their arrival in Wau with over 100 ounces of sluggy gold for a month’s work created excitement and the news spread rapidly. Within a few hours, many miners were en route, or preparing to depart, for the new El Dorado.

About a hundred Europeans, with perhaps one thousand native labourers, have visited the new find. Most of them remained only a few days. Thus, at no time, were there more than fifty men on the field.

Actually the “find” has proved a duffer.

Excepting the Babbingtons’ six reward claims, possibly not more than a dozen claims are likely to prove payable.

The discovery of this entirely unknown “shed” is worth reciting. The Babbington Brothers have been “battling” hard for five or six years, having their ups and downs —but mostly downs. Systematically trying stream after stream, continually shifting camp, living on tinned and native foods —a hard, inglorious and usually unrewarded life —always seeking the foot of the rainbow.

Prospecting the Wime country, they established a camp there, and it was arranged that the elder would take a three weeks’ trip on the Wampit fall, whilst the younger, Alf, continued the good work on the Wime.

Working along the right bank of the Wampit, testing each tributary, Mr. Babbington found a colour in Wombombo Creek. Following the stream up about a mile, he “specked” a slug, and, within an hour or two, he was returning to the main camp in the Wime with 3J ozs. of gold.

Great was the excitement in their camp that night. We can all imagine their dreams. They could pay up the debts at last . . . have a trip away . . . perhaps to their home town, London . . . what a lift it would be to this cobber and that . . .

Establishing themselves at Wombombo, they thoroughly prospected the creek, finding the rich area much more confined than would be anticipated. As was their just due, they pegged the six best claims and duly reported their find —warning all and sundry that the remaining ground was unlikely to be payable.

When the rush started—small as it was —it taxed the hospitality of these very generous brothers. No less than fourteen guests shared one meal. Every man who visited Wampit appreciated the generosity and helpfulness of the discoverers. Hardy, persevering pioneers and gentlemen, T.N.G., or the Empire, cannot go far wrong whilst this type exists.

Wombombo Creek flows in a general westerly direction, and empties into the Wampit River about twenty miles from its confluence with the Markham. Three hours’ walk from the find is the Wampit ’Drome, forty minutes’ flying time from Wau, but less than half that distance from Lae. The Wampit ’Drome is an emergency landing ground, and only Moth ’planes carrying three hundred pounds can use it.

Wombombo Creek is a puzzle to the miners. From the mouth, a mile upstream is not payable; the next mile is rich, or portends to be; then the gold cuts out, only very occasional specks being recovered. Why no gold is found above or below a confined area, half way up the creek, mystifies everybody, —perhaps excepting our Government Geologist—and his report is eagerly looked for. Even in the richest area no prospects can be won from the wash. The gold—which is all sluggy and well waterworn—lies on top of bed-rock, but none appears to have penetrated it. The country is mostly blue slate, with occasional hard bars and soft patches. There are a few granite boulders in the lower reaches.

The biggest slug so far recovered weighed 4 ozs. 18| dwts. The assay approximates 874 parts gold per 1,000, netting here about £7/3/- per oz.

Numerous streams on the Wampit shed show colours, and prospecting of the whole range is now being undertaken by numerous parties of disappointed “rushers.”

The Wampit flats have been pegged as dredging claims by Messrs. Graham and Smeaton, and a Mining Lease on the range has been pegged by Mr, Chas.

Booth.

Town Board Nominated

FOR SUVA THE Suva Municipal Council, which was elective, went out of existence on December 31, and was replaced by a Town Board which, in accordance with the policy adopted in 1935, was nominated by the Governor. The new Board comprises:— Official Members: J. J. Judd (Chairman), P. F.

Boyd (Deputy Chairman), D. R. McDonald, H.

Sabben, A. W. L. Savage, H. E. Smythe, and Dr.

C. H. B. Thompson.

European Unofficial Members: T. W. A. Barker, B. H. Marks.

Fijian Unofficial Members: Inoke Cakautini and Simioni Tamani.

Indian Unofficial Members: S. Hasan and K. L.

Tillak.

Mr. J. N. Montgomery, leader of Oil Search Co.’s survey party in New Guinea, left Sydney to continue his operations in the Aitape district by the, January Montoro.

Dr. Edgar Aubert de la Rue, 1.G.N., of the Paris University, who led a scientific expedition to study geology in the Western Pacific in 1934, was recently sent by the Natural History Museum of Paris to carry out ethnological, geological, and zoological investigations in the New Hebrides. He is now engaged in field work there, with his wife. Some results of Dr. de la Rue’s first expedition have been collated and published in French in an interesting and well-illustrated pamphlet entitled “The Wallis and Futuna Islands and Their Inhabitants.” 8 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Polynesians In

SYDNEY Powhiri for Lord Beauchamp THE Polynesian community of Sydney, -*■ assisted by Mr. Eric Ramsden as organiser and director, presented a Powhiri (welcome) in honour of the Earl of Beauchamp, one evening in December.

The function took place at the Potts Point studio of Mrs. Carrie Tennant Kelly, of the Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney; and other scientists present included Dr. Elkin (Professor of Anthropology), Professor Vonwiller, and Mr. Pierre Ledoux, of Harvard University, who since has left for the Sepik area, New Guinea.

Lord Beauchamp was delighted with the entertainment provided, which included many of the songs and dances of Old Polynesia. The players, who wore native costumes, included Mrs. Waikianga Tipene, chieftainess of the Ngapuhi tribe, New Zealand, and a niece of the late Mr. Hone Heke, M.P. (who presented the address of welcome); Mrs. Alfred Page, formerly Miss Olga Saffings, of Samoa and Tonga (who presented the ceremonial lei ); Mrs. Jack Gaffney, formerly Miss Viti Peterson, of Samoa and Fiji; Mr.

William Bishop, Wiremu Pihopa, a member of the Waikato tribe, which entertained Lord Beauchamp many years ago when, as Governor of New South Wales, he visited New Zealand; Nurse Mary Missen, daughter of a well-known resident of Rotuma. The musical programme was arranged by Mr. Leonard Moran.

Lord Beauchamp very warmly thanked the Polynesians for their Powhiri, and especially complimented Mr. Ramsden on his happy thought in arranging the function.

A Polynesian Club is. to be formed in Sydney, of which Mr. Moran will be the first president.

Death Of Well-Known

PEARLER MR. MARK AITKIN, a well-known pearler of Thursday Island, Darwin, and the Dutch East Indies, died suddenly recently in Dobo, in the Aroe Islands (off the coast of Dutch New Guinea). Mr, Aitkin was manager of the pearling station of J. B. Carpenter and Company, operating from Darwin. He left Darwin early in January to commence seasonal pearling off the Aru Islands with Carpenter’s fleet. His wife resides in Sydney.

Mr. Aitkin held strong views on the subject of Japanese competition. He urged the pearlers, instead of crying for Government help, to beat the Japanese at their own game, by commissioning larger luggers, carrying four instead of two divers.

He pointed out that the whole Japanese crew took their reward according to the value of the catch. They worked hard and, instead of hanging on and trying to get £lBO per ton for their shell, they took it off at once to Macassar and dumped it on the Chinese market at £6O or £BO per ton.

Mr. Aitkin urged the Australian pearlers to put in bigger ships, and sell their shell more quickly, even if they had to undercut the Japanese. The Australians had all the advantage of location and could “freeze out” the Japanese.

The death of Mr. Aitkin is very untimely.

His vigorous personality will be missed.

“Japanese Menace”

Newspaper Hysteria in Australia THE more sensational newspapers of Australia continue to exhibit periodical “scares,” concerning the presence of Japanese sampans in Northern Australian waters. The thing is a type of hysteria— the sort of journalistic ignorance and recklessness which create irritation between nations'and lead to war.

It is more than two years now since the occasional appearance of Japanese sampans was first reported among some of the islands of New Guinea and the Solomons.

A good deal of attention was given to these incidents by the Pacific Islands Monthly —not so much because the vessels were Japanese, but because they were so obviously engaged in poaching upon the beds of shell which are part of the natural resources of those islands and which —so long as they are properly protected and net killed by removal of young shell —are a source of livelihood to many of the residents.

There has been little poaching reported since an alert District Officer in New Guinea succeeded in arresting and severely punishing the crew of a Japanese sampan that had been caught red-handed in the Admiralty Islands.

The Japanese, however, appear to have turned their attention to other deep-sea products and large numbers of their boats —apparently from their Mandated Territory, from the Bonins, and maybe from Japan itself —have appeared in the waters southwards of New Guinea and Papua, seeking trepang, pearl-shell, etc.

Japanese vessels have a perfect right to cruise in these seas. It is international law that the various territories have rights over the waters only within three miles of their shores; but beyond that is “no man’s land,” open to the people of every nation.

There is little, if any, evidence that the Japanese have trespassed within the three-miles limit. They have gone ashore in places to get fresh water and, probably, to clean their vessels and equipment, but they appear to have behaved themselves quite properly.

Japanese commerce and enterprise are pushing out all over the Pacific —a natural thing, considering the vigour and virility of the Japanese race. Various silly newspapers indulge in periodical bouts of hysterics concerning the “Japanese menace.”

Of course, there is a Japanese menace.

Also there is a German menace and an Italian menace. There always will be a menace while there are Great Powers which lack territory for their rapidly increasing populations and their rapidly expanding industries. Inevitably, the Japanese will come knocking at the doors of empty and undeveloped countries.

But the Japanese, so far, have shown no unfriendliness and no aggressiveness towards British countries in the Pacific. On the contrary they have displayed what probably is a sincere feeling to live on terms of peace and harmony with their Pacific neighbours. The Japanese are a clever, long-visioned people and they want no international complications which would interfere with the enormous task they have undertaken in Northern and Central China, and which would bring them into conflict with the powerful Anglo-Saxon countries which are their Pacific neighbours in North America and Australasia.

The Laperouse, which arrived in Vila, New Hebrides, from Indochine on December 5, brought 258 indentured Tonkinese labourers. The majority will be drafted for plantation work on Santo Island.

Ngatakps Cruise

Four Months Through Central Pacific Islands AFTER a 5,000 miles leisurely voyage among Central Pacific Islands, the New Zealand yacht Ngataki, with Mr. J.

Wray (owner and skipper), J. Baxter, A.

Mathias, and A. Colebrook on board, returned to Auckland in the middle of December.

Leaving New Zealand in August last, they passed through the Kermadec Group and went on to Rurutu Island in the Tubuai Group, French Oceania. After a fortnight in Tahiti they called at Borabora, where the crew met Alain Gerbault, the famous French yachtsman and former tennis player. He was staying there educating the natives in religion and sporting activities.

At Niue 50 canoes escorted them into the anchorage. The natives had heard Mr.

Wray speaking from IYA broadcasting station in New Zealand, and knew something about the Ngataki and her crew.

They were hospitably entertained with a motor car at their disposal and a surf-boat, manned by natives, was alongside the Ngataki all day to take them ashore when they wished. They stayed there for six days, the longest any boat had remained.

There is an open roadstead, and it was necessary to station a native watchman on the boat, keeping an eye on the weather.

Three weeks were spent in Tonga, cruising among the islands near Vavau, and then, meeting head winds, the yacht put in at Nukualofa for 12 days. Loaded with spears, woven baskets and mats, and a miscellany of native souvenirs, she sailed on December 8 for New Zealand. After a call at Sunday Island to pick up Mr. Reg.

Randall, the party reached Auckland without mishap. 9 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Preference for Tea From Papua and N.G.

OWING to continued representations from the Lieutenant-Governor of Papua (Sir Hubert Murray), who for some time has been impressed with the possibilities of successful tea growing in the Territory, the Minister for Customs, in the House of Representatives, announced recently that a preference had been granted on tea produced in Papua and New Guinea.

The preference consists of a duty of Id per lb. upon tea when imported into the Commonwealth in packages exceeding 201bs. nett weight, as compared with the existing duty of 3d per lb., i.e., a preference of 2d per lb. over all other countries. The preference will come into force on a date to be fixed by proclamation.

Difficulty Of Obtaining Plants

Mr. G. Murray, Director of Agriculture in New Guinea, believes that New Guinea conditions are suitable for the cultivation of tea; and, when he was aboard recently, he made numerous inquiries on the subject in Ceylon, East Indies, etc.

Mr. Murray found nothing to alter his belief that the tea industry could be established in New Guinea; but he dil learn that owing to an international agreement it is practically impossible to get seed or plants for cultivation in any country but the present tea growing countries. “I tried in Ceylon, Malaya, and Java to get tea plants or seed for New Guinea,” said Mr.

Murray, “but they would not supply them.”

Mr. Murray said that the production of low-land tea is paying now in Malaya— but that may be due to the general restrictions which have been p’aced upon production. He learned in Ceylon, to his surprise, that most of the t°a that goes to Australia is of second-class quality—he always had understood that Australian tea-drinkers demanded first class grade.

Mr. F. T. O’Dea, manager for Holden’s Air Transport Co. Ltd. at Salamaua, returned to New Guinea by the Montoro on January 11, after three weeks’ leave in Sydney.

For The Solomons ?

Ship Joseph Conrad Off Again T'HE full rigged ship Joseph Conrad, which arrived in Sydney in December via the Solomon Islands, under the command of her owner—Journalist Alan Villiers —departed from Melbourne in mid- January in an atmosphere of mystery.

Seme said that she was sailing under sealed orders; others that she was on a gold-seeking expedition; others that she was under charter to a select company of scientists. All that was certain was that she was to visit Pacific Islands ports.

It was announced definitely on January 15 that she was under charter to a goldmining company, and that she would take a party of mining engineers and geologists to the Solomon Islands.

Unknown New Guinea Messrs. Fox Brothers’ March Yf/E shall publish in the February issue of the P.I.M. a detailed account of the remarkable journey made at the end of 1934 by Messrs. Fox Brothers, mining prospectors, of New Guinea. They left Mount Hagen in August, and marched westward, slightly to the north of the New Guinea-Papua border, until they entered Dutch territory; and they returned to Mt. Hag’en, in New Guinea, along a course through Papua, which paralleled their outward track, but to the southwards.

The report has been supplied to us by Mr. L. A. Fox, and it gives a most interesting description of topography and tribes noted in this hitherto unknown region.

Sir Hubert Murray, K.C.M.G., Lieutenant-Governor of Papua, departed from Sydney for Norfolk Island by the Morinda on January 8 to spend several weeks’ holiday with his daughter, Mrs. C. R.

Finney, wife of the N.I. Administrator.

Petroliferous Geyser

On Coast of Dutch New Guinea the Australian author, Mr. lon ’ ' Idriess, was in Broome, Western Australia, a few months ago, he picked up some information which is of general interest and which may be of value to the oil companies which are now carrying on an investigation in Dutch New Guinea.

Mr. Idriess met in Broome a Mr. Mac- Kenzie, a well-known pearler, and Mr.

MacKenzie told him that over 20 years ago, when he was helping to establish the pearl-shell industry in the Aroe Islands (off the coast of Dutch New Guinea) he met at Merauke (D.N.G.), an old trader whom he treated for fever. The trader told Mr. MacKenzie that at Lakakier Bay, on the coast of Dutch New Guinea, there was an active geyser with a strange kerosene smell.

A long time after this, Mr. MacKenzie and his friends had occasion at different times to water their schooner on the coast of Dutch New Guinea, and Lakakier Bay, about 80 miles northwards of the Aroes, was found to be a convenient place. It is a picturesque bay, land-locked by cliffs, with mountains towering inland and native villages close in shore. It would give safe anchorage to a battle-fleet.

While watering. Mr. MacKenzie took ashore a bottle of kerosene and let the natives smell it. There was no reaction— they shook their heads uncomprehendingly. But, one day, a native was there from another village and he excitedly recognised the smell of kerosene. He guided the party some distance along the beach and then they turned inland, until they heard what they took to be the sound of a distant waterfall. This, however, proved to be the throaty roar of a small geyser. It was about a quarter of a mile from the sea.

Mr. MacKenzie said that the geyser issued from a lime-stone fissure and that it spat mud, gas, and water at intervals, with an overpowering smell of kerosene.

The geyser had formed a slimy dome about six feet high. The diameter of the geyser was about 12 feet.

More Explorers

A SCIENTIFIC expedition, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History, and led by Dr. Richard Archbold, noted airman and scientist, left New York on January 20 by the steamer Somerset to undertake a three months’ research tour of Western Papua—whence, presumably, it will seek to penetrate to Central New Guinea.

The aviation department of the Vacuum Oil Company states that the expedition will make its headquarters at Daru (near the mouth of the Fly River). The machine to be used is a Fairchild Amphibian, a particularly fast type, powered with a 675 h.p. Pratt and Whitney Hornet supercharged engine. It carries 10 passengers, and has a cruising speed of 158 m.p.h. and a top speed of 179 m.p.h, Mr. John O. Olle, accompanied by his wife, sailed from Sydney by the Morinda early in January to take charge of the radio station on Lord Howe Island. He was formerly radio officer for Amalgamated Wireless (A/sia) Ltd. at Labasa station, Fiji.

Dr. Arthur Cole, only son of Mrs. M. and the late Mr. A. F. Cole, of Auckland, was married in Nukualofa, Tonga, on December 7 to Miss Mary Nisbet, only daughter of Mrs. M. T. and the late Mr. Nisbet McRobie, of Auckland. Dr. Cole is the new medical officer at Haapai.

Group shows, left to right, the wedding party in the gardens of the residence of the chief medical officer (Dr. Forman Bull) —Dr. Forman Bull, Miss Cicely Bull, Dr. Cole, Mrs. Cole, Mr. J. S. Neil, Miss Jill Goodacre. —Photo.: A. Hettig. 10 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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TROPICALITIES OUR friend, “Logui,” of Salamaua, T.N.G., sent this “for the housekeeping page”; but it will do here: From time to time, we have read with interest the various ways of cooking yams, taros, etc. The following is the recipe for cooking kau-kau, proven by far the best method in the Morobe district, and invented entirely by that celebrated Edie Creek chef, Mr. Ernest St. Laurence Bowden —“Peel the kau-kau, and cut into thin chips, and place in pan of very hot tat. Fry till a golden brown. Take the chips from pan and dry, then place on hot plate, and then throw them as far as possible out through the back door —over a precipice, if there is one handy.” ♦ ♦ ♦ 4S an example of the “tripe” which some newspapers publish as news about the Pacific Islands, the following is taken from a Melbourne newspaper; For the whole year that Mr. S. H. Gander, Seventh Day Adventist missionary, his wife and 11-year-old daughter have been at Upper Ramu Island, New Guinea, the natives of the different villages have been fighting constantly.

Mr. Gander, who arrived in Sydney by the Tanda to-day, said his only white companions besides his family were 120 miles from Samarai.

The cannibal tribes further north of his district ate men who were killed in fighting, but never anyone dying from sickness, he said. The natives among whom he worked were more peaceable, but rats, snakes, lizards, and grubs were their common diet.

The fighting was mostly dancing and shouting, said Mr. Gander. In a battle of 250 aside, for example, the total casualties would probably number about nine.

Eleven-year-old Gwen said black babies were her only playmates, but all native children were terribly dirty until brought to the mission. She shared their games, but not their snacks of grubs, and had seen native wounds caused by arrows.

The bit about “Upper Ramu Island” and “120 miles from Samarai” will be read with interest by residents of Morobe. Mr. Gander did good work in the Ramu region, and was not responsible for the article—he, obviously, was the unfortunate victim of a cub reporter and a busy telegraphist. * * * lON IDRIESS came in the other day with two books under his arm— totally dissimilar in appearance but, at heart, the same. They were the Dutch and the Scandinavian editions, respectively, of Idriess’s successful New Guinea book, “Gold Dust and Ashes.” The Dutch have made a particularly attractive job of their edition —good paper, fine print, a most artistic and striking cover, and the best picture we have yet seen of Cecil John Levien.

“About half the old hands of New Guinea have been in to see this edition,” said Idriess, with his characteristic grin.

“They all wanted to see what their names looked like, in Dutch!”

The Australian editions of “Gold Dust and Ashes” have sold 40,000 copies. There was some talk of filming the book: but Idriess says that no agreement has been reached yet. There is a great film story in the book, with the long-visioned Levien as the central figure. * * * ONE result of the advent of the Labour Party to political office in New Zealand has been to upset speculations as to the new Administrator of Western Samoa. The office has been vacant since the retirement of Sir Herbert Hart. One of the first statements of the new Prime Minister (Mr. Savage) referred to this post.

No decision had yet been arrived at, he declared, but a man would be appointed who would be conversant with the customs and traditions of the Samoan people. If such an appointment had been made years ago it is certain that recent chapters in Samoan history would have been presented in a very different light. One thing is certain—no military official will get the job. Incidentally, Mr. Savage has followed the precedent of the ex-Prime Minister (Mr. Forbes) by taking over both the Cook Islands and Native (Maori) Affairs portfolios. Also of interest to Pacific readers is the fact that since his assumption of office two of the four Maori members, both Independents, have applied for admission to the Labour Party. * * * THE world does not change much. This was written by Alexander Brome about 300 years a.go: I have been in love, and in debt, and in drink, This many and many a year!

And those are three plagues enough, any should think, For one poor mortal to bear! ’Twas love made me fall into drink; And drink made me run into debt!

And though I have struggled, and struggled, and strove; I cannot get out of them yet!

There’s nothing but money can cure me; And rid me of all my pain! ’Twill pay all my debts; And remove all my lets; And my Mistress that cannot endure me, Will love me and love me again!

Then I’ll fall to my loving and drinking again.

Alexander Brome (1620-1666) \ KEEN student of Polynesian affairs, Dr. Ivan G. Sutherland, of Victoria College, Wellington, New Zealand, is now visiting Western Samoa, His main object is to recuperate after a serious illness, but it is more than likely that he will obtain first-hand information there concerning the political situation. A brilliant scholar, for years he has been closely associated with Sir Apirana Ngata, M.P., and has made present day conditions among the Maoris his particular study. “The Maori Situation,” which he published a few months ago, an exceedingly able survey of the Ngata administration of communal land settlement, has run into edition after edition. Dr. Sutherland has travelled extensively in Eastern Polynesia. To the Maori people he is known as “Paikea,” a name that is familiar in many parts of the Pacific. In Polynesian mythology Paikea was famous for his rapid transit across vast distances on the back of a whale. At the gathering of the tribes at Waitangi last year, Dr. Sutherland experienced some difficulty with his motor-car.

“Poor old Paikea,” murmured a sympathetic Maori. “His whale is no good!”

On that occasion, incidentally, he was attached to the Rarotongan delegation at the special request of Sir Apirana Ngata, then Minister for Native Affairs and the Cook Islands. * * * UNDER the heading, “Inaccuracies in the P.1.M.,” the “Public Service Bulletin” of New Guinea re-publishes a letter which appeared in the Rabaul Times of November 15, and to which we referred in our December issue. We showed then that the letter, which obviously was written by a public servant with a grievance, was itself a tissue of inaccuracies, distortions and exaggerations: and the circumstances of its re-publication bear out the truth of our statement. The editor of the “Bulletin” is no sport. He re-published, with manifest glee, a letter which attacked the “P.1.M.”; but he did not re-publish a much less wordy letter published in the Rabaul Times only a week later, which defended and praised the “P.1.M.”

ISEE that Lord Moyne (formerly Sir Walter Guinness) has gone in a luxurious yacht, with titled companions, to explore New Guinea,” writes a correspondent, A.J.V. “On behalf of a grateful Territory, I move that the name of New Guinea be changed forthwith to New Guinness!”

Mr. Dave Lyall, of Wau, New Guinea, expects to obtain his air pilot’s license shortly. He has now almost completed his course at Mascot, N.S.W. 11 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Neglect Of Defective Sight

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About Islands People

Dr. and Mrs. Giblin, of Port Moresby, with their two sons Dexter and Eric are at present residing at Manly, Sydney, during the boys’ vacation from Riverview College. The doctor has spent some of his leave in Fiji and N.Z.

Mrs. Emma Petersen, whose late husband was for many years chief engineer on the Niagara, has returned to New Zealand after spending several months in Sydney with her daughter, Mrs. Jack Gaffney. Mrs. Petersen is a Samoan chieftainess, and is related to the family of King Mataafa. She is also a cousin of Mr. and Mrs. O. F. Nelson. Of late years her home has been in Auckland, but she has resided in Samoa and Fiji.

Miss A. Uppiil, of the Methodist Mission at Nadroga, Fiji, arrived in Sydney by the Aorangi on December 28. Accompanied by a Fijian girl from the Manikau Girls’ School, she later went on to Adelaide, South Australia.

M rs. Keith and her small son were farewelled by many Sydney friends as the Montoro pulled out for New Guinea on January 11. Mr. Keith is a member of the Burns, Philp staff at Rabaul.

Mrs. W. W. Clarke and her children, from Wau, New Guinea, are residing at Manly, Sydney, during the summer months.

Mr. Clinton, a mining engineer, who represents a group of Melbourne financiers, recently arrived in Noumea, New Caledonia, by the Ville de Strasbourg.

He later went on to Houailou in the interior of the Colony to inspect a promising area.

Monsieur Dujardin, who has been appointed by the British and French Governments as Native Advocate in the Condominium of the New Hebrides, arrived in Vila from Europe on December 5. He’ is a native of Belgium.

Rev. C. W. Light, of the New Guinea Mission in Papua, who has been spending furlough in England with his wife, is expected to arrive in Sydney shortly.

He will then return to his station at Boianai.

Mr. J. S. Bennett, a former student of Cambridge University, arrived in Melbourne on January 9 by the Norwegian motor ship Temeraire from South Africa.

He is en route to Fiji, where he will engage in goldmining, Mr. C. Cowley, who has been Officer In Charge of police at the Oroville Company’s camp on the Fly River, Western Papua, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the Van Rees on January 14. He s£,id that while waiting at Daru for transport to Port Moresby, Lord Moyne in his yacht Rosaura called there and offered him passage to Moresby as his guest. He later accompanied the British peer to Rabaul, New Guinea, where he joined the Van Rees for Australia.

Mr. and Mrs. R. Wayne, with their baby daughter Janet, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the January Van Rees. Mr.

Wayne is a Methodist missionary at Ulu, Duke of York Islands, near Rabaul, New Guinea. Mr. Wayne’s mother, Mrs. Sydney Stevens, also arrived from the Duke of York Islands by the same vessel.

Monsieur E. de Hensch, a Belgian trader, arrived in Sydney by the Laperouse from Noumea on January 9. He spent some time in the French Colony prospecting for gold, but was disappointed with results. Before going to New Caledonia he was for several years in Africa, where he traded in ivory in the Belgian Congo.

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Akooy Islands People

Mr. Andrew Stewart, accompanied by Mrs. Stewart, arrived in Sydney by the Laperouse from New Hebrides on January 9. For six years they have been Presbyterian missionaries on the island of Malo, and will now undertake deputation work in New South Wales for several months. In this work they will be assisted by two young New Hebrides natives who are visiting Australia for the first time, having qualified as teachers at the Presbyterian Training College at Tangoa, N.H.

Mr. Pierre Ledoux, of Harvard University, United States of America, sailed for Madang, New Guinea, by the January Montoro. He will be engaged in anthropological study in the Territory for six months.

Major Clive B. Joske, managing director of Messrs. Brown and Joske Ltd., Suva, Fiji, returned to the Colony by the Mariposa on January 9 after a business visit to Sydney.

Mr. Charles B. Nordhoff, the American author who has been resident in Tahiti for many years, is now visiting California for the golden jubilee anniversary of the wedding of his parents, and also to visit his eldest daughter, who is at school in that state. Mr. Nordhoff anticipates returning to Tahiti by the next Makura.

Dr. Raymond Firth, formerly occupant of the Chair of Anthropology at Sydney University (but now of London University), who carried out research work some time ago on the island of Tikopia, Solomons Group, has announced his engagement to Miss Rosemary Upcott, daughter of Sir Thomas Upcott, British Auditor- General. Dr. Firth has just completed his book on Tikopia.

Nursing Sister Thompson, of the Melanesian Mission, who is now on leave in New Zealand, will shortly join the Southern Cross in Sydney, and proceed to her new station on New Britain. Sister Thompson is an Englishwoman, a native of Hull, but she has taught in South Africa, and obtained her medical and nursing training in New Zealand.

Earl Beauchamp, who recently spent a holiday in Tahiti, has purchased a home at Bellevue Hill, Sydney, and proposes to make an annual sojourn there. He will leave for Europe, via the Dutch East Indies, in March. Lord Beauchamp hopes to make another stay in Tahiti before long.

Mr. A. J. Ault, Sydney mining engineer, sailed for the Solomon Islands, in connection with his gold seeking activities in Guadalcanal, by the Malaita on January 9.

Mr. P. J. O’Brien, of Stanmore Estate, Kulumbangara, Solomon Islands, returned to the group after furlough in Australia by the Malaita from Sydney on January 9.

Mr. D. Luttrell, manager of B.P.’s branch at Gizo, left Sydney for the Solomons Group by the January Malaita, after furlough in Tasmania.

Mrs. E. Bunting, of Samarai, Papua, who has been spending a few months’ holiday in Sydney. She will shortly leave for Europe, via the East.

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Profit-Makers On New

Guinea Goldfields

A Newspaper Argument, and Some Comparisons was an interesting exchange of views about New Guinea taxation, in the Brisbane Courier-Mail, in December.

The opinion that in the interests of investors there should be a reduction in the duty on mining machinery, tractors and road plant, without which gold cannot be produced, and that the duty on aeroplane engines and parts and petrol for aviation purposes should be abolished, was expressed by Mr. W. A. Freeman, who is the chairman of directors of Placer Development, Ltd., and Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd.

The tariff averaged 10 per cent., said Mr. Freeman, and during last year the finances of the Administration showed a surplus, which was solely due to the existence of the goldfields of the Morobe district. While the present royalty on gold produced appeared to be a very fair % taxation, it was necessary that the cost of operation and transport_ should be reduced. The four dredges now operating at Bulolo and Bulwa had to date produced 520,0000 z. of bullion, worth more than £3,000,000 in Australian currency. The life of the property had been much increased by the development of deep dredging grounds, and there were large areas still to be tested. Two new dredges were about to be constructed, one to dig to 80 feet below water level, with a 40 feet bank, and the other 115 feet below water level with a 50ft. bank. It had been found practicable to design these dredges so that they could be transported by aeroplane. The company had exercised certain options on the Bulolo River in the Wau district, and plans were in hand for dredging those areas.

This brought a retort, that “taxation in the Mandated Territory is anything but fair,” from Mr. J. P. Blaikie Webster, chairman of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd., who had just arrived in Queensland from New Guinea.

Mr. Blaikie Webster said that, originally, a royalty of 2 per cent, on gold produced was imposed with a view to building a road from Salamaua to the goldfield, but no road had been built; subsequently, this rate of royalty was increased to 5 per cent. Such a rate might be a fair one when applied to alluvial gold, but was extremely unfair when applied to gold produced from veins and ore deposits, for, as any experienced engineer knew, the cost of treatment of alluvials was not comparable with the heavy expenditure necessary for underground mining and development, ore extraction, hoisting, crushing, milling, &c.

On his (Mr. Webster’s) recent visit he examined a project for the treatment of a large low-grade deposit of ore which, in most other parts of the world, would have held merit but which, under the 5 per cent, royalty unfairly levied in the Mandated Territory, would have meant payment to the Administration of something like 50 per cent, of the profits. This unfair royalty did more than anything else to prevent development and exploitation of the veins and ore deposits of the Mandated Territory. The suggestion that aeroplane engines, &c., should be relieved from the import duty payable on mining machinery was even more unfair, unless it was proposed to replace it by the commonsense expedient of a tax on profits of all undertakings.

In the adjoining Territory of Papua, which had a long and successful record of native administration, such punitive taxation as was imposed on gold mining in the Mandated Territory was unknown, and although, in area, Papua and the Mandated Territory were much the same size, the total cost of administration in Papua was about one-third of that of the Mandated Territory. If enquiry was to be made it should be commenced from that aspect.

Editorial Note There are two main groups of mining enterprises on the New Guinea goldfield —namely, the Bulolo group, which is operating dredges and making very large profits; and the N.G.G. group (New Guinea Goldfields Ltd.) which is operating various methods of recovering gold (sluicing, gold ridges mill, deep mining at Edie Creek), and which is making small profits.

In the beginning, the Morobe field was wide open to all comers and all enterprises. The Bulolo people selected their country and made their plans for operating and for transport, and then went ahead like a machine. They adhered to their programme and their timetable and, in reaching large and profitable production according to plan, they established the New Guinea gold industry and performed a national service.

The N.G.G. group, on the other hand, seemed to have no clear-cut plan, and, although they had the same opportunity as Bulolo, they wasted years in “messing about.” Their company formation methods were spectacular. They obtained rights over large areas by issuing scrip lavishly, until they held most of the country at the Wau-Edie Creek end of the’ goldfield, with an issued capital of nearly £4,500,000. The original rich Edie Creek leases on the Royal-Glasson group became Edie Creek Pty. Ltd.; this later was acquired by Ellyu Ltd.; and about 1929 Ellyu and 14 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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XOOHEYS lage various other concerns were absorbed by N.G.G. Ltd., which was formed under the aegis of the Mining Trust —a multimillionaire concern, interested in Mount Isa (Queensland) and other minefields.

There was much speculation in N.G.G. and associated shares, and various worthy gentlemen no doubt benefited correspondingly from these successive mergers and absorptions; but the facts remain that N.G.G., despite the magnitude of their plans, operations and capitalisation, have not produced anything like the profits anticipated, and their methods and policy have been under an increasing volume of criticism by practical men. By 1933, it was evident that the company would have to confess to over-optimism and bad planning, by writing down its capital; and. in 1935, the capital duly was written down by 75 per cent.

Since then, scrip-holders have been watching N.G.G. operations hopefully, but there has been nothing there to cause a stir. There has been more exploratory deep mining at Edie Creek, crushing and cyanide operations at Golden Ridges, and alluvial activities, partly on a tributing basis, along Koranga Creek and thereabouts. But there is nothing, anywhere, to suggest that ordinary shareholders can count on more than 10 to 15 per cent, per annum on the written down value of their shares.

That is not a creditable record: and it has to be set against the outccy of Mr.

Blaikie Webster on the subject of New Guinea taxation. When it wrote down its capital in March, 1935, N.G.G. itself confessed that it had miscalculated (or muddled, or been unfortunate—the term is not material to the argument) to the extent of some £3,000,000. In view of that, Mr. Blaikie Webster scarcely is competent to say that the inability of his company to show substantial profits is due to the 5 per cent, gold royalty, or the high cost of administration in New Guinea as compared with Papua, or transport charges. History is against him.

The Bulolo group, which has made a success of things, and established a rich gold industry in New Guinea, apparently is satisfied with the gold royalty system, but suggests reductions in the import duties on necessary equipment. The N.G.G. group, which has been “a pain in the neck” to most people concerned, and more especially to its own shareholders, demands the abolition of the gold royalty system, and other changes which, incidentally, would penalise the Bulolo companies.

Which group of interests is more deserving of the ear of the New Guinea administration ?

Laurabada Takes Children Home for Xmas From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Dec. 20.

THE Merkur, from Sydney via Brisbane and Townsville, arrived in Port Moresby on December 14 with over 60 school children on board to spend their Xmas holidays in the Territory. A large crowd of excited parents awaited them on the wharf, and shortly afterwards the township appeared to be overrun by a new and vigorous population.

The following day the accommodation of the Government vessel Laurahada was taxed to the limit when, with the Official Secretary (Hon. H. L. Murray) in charge she left Port Moresby for Samarai with 25 school children transhipped from the Merkur. On board also were Rev. and Mrs. P. J. Searle, Rev. and Mrs. O. G.

Parry and family, and Mr. and Mrs. M. J.

Healy.

The courtesy of the Government in carrying- such a large number of children and passengers to their homes for th© Xmas holidays was greatly appreciated by the residents of the Territory.

Owing to the shipping strike in Australia the circumstance was exceptional; no vessels were available along the Papuan coast, and but for the assistance of the Government many parents would have been separated from their children during the Xmas festivities.

Mrs. A. B. Thomas, Methodist missionary in Fiji, reached Sydney by the Aorangi at the end of December. She is at present spending holidays at Hamilton, Victoria.

Mr. J. L. Street, Registrar of Titles and Official Trustee in the Crown Law Office at Rabaul, New Guinea, returned after leave by the Tanda from Sydney on January 15. 15 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Vanikoro Timber

IT is reported that the Kauri Timber Company which has been operating on Vanikoro Island, South Solomon Islands, for several years is now being re-organized with a view to further developments.

There is a considerable white settlement there now, including five white women.

An Axe-Head

Something About Papuan Minerals A VALUABLE gift made to me by Mr.

Jack Hides, before his return to Papua, was one of the two stone axes, of native workmanship, which he brought out of the valley of the Waga Furari, Central Papua, on his last famous expedition. The head is of beautifully shaped stone, bound to a balanced wooden handle with a kind of cane, wonderfully plaited. The axe is very similar to those I saw not long ago in Wau, which had been brought from the Purari-Mount Hagen district of New Guinea.

I showed the axe to our old friend, Mr.

A. J. Yogan, who has spent a lifetime studying rocks, and he at once became keenly interested in the peculiar olivegreen stone from which the axe-head has been laboriously shaped. This is what he wrote about it: A lump of phosphate rock was used for years as a door-stop in a Sydney office, before it was recognised, and showed the way to the enormously rich phosphate deposits of Nauru and Ocean Island. An itinerant hawker noticed that the pretty stone that a Boer farmer’s brat had played with for years was a brilliant, worth a king’s ransom, and the diamond industry was born. An intelligent boy began to think about the weight of a stone he had picked up to throw at a crow; and started the Westralian goldfields.

These things perhaps explain why Australians take so little interest in the lovely Pacific Islands, lying right at their door.

They cannot see the enormous riches of the Islands.

To the geologist, or trained mining-man, this axe-head of grey-green stone is chiefly interesting because it exhibits that peculiar form of Epidosite rock (as far as one can tell without a microscopic-section) which one associates in the mind with the four principal commercially-valuable forms of iron: Nickel, Cobalt, Haemitite, and Chrome, which to-day are pulling our neighbour New Caledonia out of the mire.

The Epidotes are of that “devil’s cauldron" that furnishes the world with all kinds of useful minerals —many of them, such as bronzite, not being known to the majority of mining men.

The place of origin of a native-axe is as difficult to locate as where my spectacles are, at times! Bought, exchanged, stolen, or part of the booty from a bloody raid?

But I happen to know that this particular stone is characteristic of that vast upheaval in Central New Guinea, known as the Bismarck Range; and I have seen similar rock in New Caledonia and in Fiji, where mining was a feature of the scenery. The colour is derived from Olivine crystals; and in the Dun Mountains in New Zealand it obtains as one of the recently-eruptive rocks, where it passes into Serpentine.

This has confused certain Museum geologists of New South Wales, who label it as “Green-stone.” so much associated in the popular mind with the heroic Ma-oris.

But the Maori axes were of quite another rock: Jade, or Nephrite (“To,” with a short “o,” in China, where the finest examples obtain), which is a silicate of lime and magnesia. Serpentine, so named because it is often spotted and marked, after the presumed manner of Eve’s “boy-friend,” is a hydrous-silicate of magnesium; and does not take so fine an edge. Jade, or greenstone, is one of the Hornblendic rocks ( Amphibolites ) and is an altered form of ancient lavas. It should be the symbolism used by Australian mining-folk as in N.Z. it is the “ahua” of Honesty!

Serpentine is a product of pre-existing Olivine crystals; and often these may be noted under a lense, still in situ. It is a fairly sure sign of mining country; and was deposited from sea-water originally, in association with crystaline-schists, as Sterry Hunt and Geiki have shown. That weird, wild sea of heated water that fell as hot rain-deluges from the fiercely electric storm-clouds of the early days of our earth, seems to have mothered all our minerals, as it did the beginning of all life!

R.W.R.

Schooner Hermes

Wreckage Near Witu Islands IT now is generally accepted that the New Guinea Government schooner Hermes, which sailed from Madang on November 10 for Rabaul with three Europeans and 17 natives, and which since has not been heard of, has been lost with all hands.

It was reported at the end of December that a table-top, definitely identified as a permanent fixture on the Hermes, had been found on the eastern coast of Unea Island, in the south-west of the Witu Group (off the northern coast of New Britain).

A few days later, a broken piece of painted sawn timber was identified by the manager of Volupai Plantation (on the western coast of Talasea Peninsula, northern coast of New Britain —south-eastwards of the Witu Islands) as belonging to the schooner Hermes.

These things suggest that the Hermes was lost somewhere near the Witu Islands, which lie on the direct route between Madang and Rabaul. 16 Pacific 'lslands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Sunday Island

Condition of Little Settlement in Lonely Kermadec Group IN the middle of last year three young New Zealanders, Alfred Bacon, Bruce Robertson and Reginald Randall, settled on Sunday Island, the largest of the uninhabited Kermadec Group, in the South Pacific. Solemnly they had renounced civilisation and declared that they would spend the remainder of their lives cultivating oranges in an isolated settlement far removed from worldly cares.

Six months passed and the N.Z. yacht Ngataki, which left the party on Sunday Island, called again with provisions. Mr.

J. W. Wray, owner of the Ngataki found that the settlement scheme had not progressed quite according to plan, and that Randall, disillusioned and sick, was anxious to take passage to New Zealand.

On his return to Auckland, Randall told the story of the three settlers’ hardships.

“Setting out from Auckland on May 18, the Ngataki experienced a rough passage to the island, and was hove-to for several days in heavy seas,” said Mr. Randall.

“The yacht passed the island during the night and had to beat back for about 50 miles, eventually arriving on May 28.

“The island looked bleak and desolate, just one peak after another, and we had a hard job landing, as the only landing ground was covered most of the time with foam and huge breakers. Our first attempt at landing was hardly a success, the boat being washed ashore bottom up some time after its occupants. The first night was spent in buffalo grass near the beach.”

Soon the party set to to build a house with an iron roof and nikau sides. The first meal of goat flesh was described by Mr. Randall as being better than he had hoped for. There were about 3,000 goats on the island, and a great number of cats. Although some Alsatian dogs were taken to exterminate a large species of rats, it was found that most of the rats had died.

“The temperature was much lower than we had expected, the thermometer often reaching 50 degrees from June to November,” continued Mr. Randall. “The island was over-run with pohutukawa trees, buffalo grass and a type of arum lily.

Fish were fairly plentiful, while a number of wild grey duck were seen on the lakes.

“There was a little thermal activity in a large crater, which is surrounded by an almost perpendicular wall of rock about 500 ft. high. There were many birds, some of which are well-known in New Zealand, occasionally seen. Though the island has an area of about 7,000 acres, only about 1,000 acres of this is suitable for cultivation.”

The principal difficulty encountered was the supply of food. Maize, beans, peas, pumpkins, potatoes and kumaras were planted from the seeds brought from Auckland. The diet for the first few weeks consisted principally of goat flesh, taro, bread, oatmeal and orange juice.

After a time, however, the party was forced to fall back on goat flesh, taro and fish. Once the monotony was relieved by the capture of a large turtle, on which the company dined for a week.

In August a vessel visited the settlement and left some provisions, which were particularly welcome. However, these did not last long and for a considerable time the men lived on boiled, roasted and fried goat and lentils.

The goats had played havoc with both trees and plants, destroying all the bananas, on which they had counted.

The orange trees also had fared badly, all being ringbarked. Altogether there 17 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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were only about 30 orange trees, 12 lemon trees and eight peach trees on the island, and the party considered that their venture had been a failure.

While on the island Mr. Randall had an accident which deprived him of the use of two fingers of his right hand. He was cutting up a fish when the knife slipped and almost severed his fingers.

He was treated from a medicine chest which the party had brought. The best his companions could do was to bind up the fingers, and fortunately they healed rapidly.

“My two companions intend to remain on Sunday Island for all time,” concluded Mr. Randall, “but I doubt whether Sunday Island will ever be a successful commercial proposition. The reading, clearing and bridge building would involve enormous expense and a few settlers could not hope for success.”

Mrs. James Russell, wife of the Director of Education in Fiji, was appointed in the New Year Honours a Member of the Civil Division of the British Empire.

In Te Rapunga

Seafaring Philosopher Reaches Tahiti From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, December 26.

JUDGING by the frequent visits of small sailing craft to Tahiti there must be a surprising number of these miniature yachts sailing the ocean in various parts of the world. Nowadays at least a halfdozen or so may usually be found tied up along the Papeete water-front.

Some are owned and manned by parties of wild young college lads out on a glorious adventure, some by tired business men in search of tranquillity, and some by more serious persons bent upon scientific discovery. Other owners, no doubt, will later burst into literature and produce a volume of travel experiences which will at least bring a sardonic grin to the faces of old timers who have survived so many of the same appalling kind.

The latest arrival in Papeete harbour is the 10 ton ketch Te Rapunga, which is only 32 ft. long and relies entirely upon sails. She carries the German flag and is owiied and sailed by George Dibbern who has a crew of two, Roy Murdock and Morris Black. In New Zealand a young lady named Eileen Morris joined the party, thus bringing the total ship’s company to four people.

Mr. Dibbern is travelling for the purpose of studying the various systems of philosophy existing in different parts of the world, and, since his departure from Kiel at the beginning of 1930, has visited some 20 or more countries and islands. From Kiel the Te Rapunga proceeded to Holland, England. Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, the French Riviera and Italy, thence by way of the Belearic Islands, Canary Islands and Jamaica to Panama and San Francisco.

Places visited in the Pacific included Honolulu, Samoa, New Zealand, Australia, and the Cook Islands, While in the antipodes the Te Rapunga carried off the honours in the Tasman yacht race from Auckland to Melbourne, and in the ocean race from Melbourne to Hobart, Tasmania.

Oil Search In New

GUINEA THE annual meeting of Oil Search Ltd. was held in Sydney in January. The chairman, Mr. W. A. Freeman, supplied shareholders with an interesting review of the company’s activities —mostly in Australia. Commonwealth co-operation is being sought.

Referring to New Guinea, Mr. Freeman said that the company’s geologists were unanimous in the view that that country merited major attention as offering opportunity for development of oil fields, comparable with some of the rich areas in the East Indies.

Mr. and Mrs. John Wadsworth arrived recently in Sydney from London, where they lately were married. Mr. Wadsworth is director of the Apia Observatory, in Samoa, and he has been away on six months’ furlough. Mr. Wadsworth’s specialty is meteorology, and he was for 10 years with the Meteorological Office, London He has been director at Apia since 1930, and during the trip from which he is just returning he attended the International Meteorological Congress at Warsaw, Poland. 18 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Agents and Correspondents throughout the world. 194.1935 SALAMAUA Memories of the “Rush” Days of New Guinea By M.G.

BEFORE Burns, Philp’s ships made Salamaua a port of call it was a difficult place to reach. It was necessary to charter a schooner in Rabaul, at great expense, and the 440 miles ocean journey was anything but a joy in those small vessels, which were often leaky and poorly engined. As charters were usually by the day rate—£2 to £lo—the delay caused by engine trouble did not worry the owners.

Five knots was the average speed when the engines were working.

When I went across we struck a very bad sou’-east blow and our journey lasted six weeks. A week was spent recruiting, and during the balance of the turns we were being blown about or had to beach the boat to prevent her sinking. A burnt out bearing, a sprung mizzen, and the stern post carried away were a few of our troubles. We were blown down the coast almost to Madang, and the swift current passing through Dampier Strait held us back for weeks on end until the weather abated.

By the time we reached Salamaua the charter had taken all our spare cash, half of our three months’ supply of rations had been consumed, the balance was damaged by salt water, and most of the boys’ issues had been swept overboard. To make matters worse there were no Government officials there to indenture our labourers which necessitated going to Morobe, another 90 miles, for this purpose.

Salamaua, an isthmus joining Parsee Cape to the mainland, is merely a narrow sand bar. It had been planted with coconuts by the old German New Guinea Company, and used by them as a trading station, bird of paradise and recruiting depot. At the time of which I write, Salamaua consisted of the “Blood House,” Bill Money’s packing shed and a very small rest house (for passing Patrol Officers), all built of native material, and perhaps half a dozen tents along the foreshore.

The “Blood House”

The “Blood House” —why thus named, and by whom I could never discover —was a ramshackle two-storied structure owned by the late Burleigh Gorman, and used as a boarding-house. The upper story was the common bedroom for all guests. One simply spread his own blankets somewhere on the pit-sawn plank floor and rested there. As most of us were Returned Men the hard beds were a mere detail. Some earlier arrivals had managed to rig up canvas bunks against the walls on “Heath Robinson” constructions of saplings and bush rope.

The dining room had two long rough sawn boards as a table with a form each side. One supplied his own plate, pannikin and cutlery. A number of tins of warmed canned-meat, soda bread, or cabin biscuits, and a dixie of stewed tea were piled on the table with a tin opener, and one helped himself —tariff: 18/- per day. The table talk was all of the road in, the field, the gold and the natives. We new hands mostly sat and listened for tips from the initiated.

Money’s packing shed, also owned by Gorman, was a long, low shed divided into small compartments each lined with shelves. The miners paid him £5 per month for the use of a compartment for storing their goods and for loading the boys when sent to the Beach for fresh supplies.

Everyone was very excited and in a great hurry to move off. All day long the packing shed was a hive of industry. Everyone had at least one partner and there was continual discussions as to what could, and could not, be taken in on the first trip. It was a matter of cutting one’s requirements to the boys’ carrying capacity. The longer the line the better one fared.

Trials Of Packing

Hearty cursing would be heard from some part of the shed. Someone had finished packing loads for all his boys only to discover that he had forgotten to include meat, or picks, or medicines, or some other necessity, and it meant pulling every load to pieces to discard something to include the missed essential. Packing and repacking, weighing and reweighing—it is surprising how difficult it is to take, say, 800 lbs. of miner’s gear and divide it into 1G equal packs. It was always necessary to distribute things, especially food-stuff, so that should one or more boys desert the party could still carry on.

Each day more schooners arrived, and even in the few days we were there the canvas town had noticeably grown. Many new arrivals had no boys and had come to Salamaua with the hope of buying boys there, or recruiting them locally. The few professional recruiters about found great difficulty in persuading boys to indenture for work on the field and therefore their charges rose—£2s being the average recruiting fee. The local kanakas weie reaping a rich harvest. Carrying suPP II^ 8 into Wee Baining they earned from 15/- to £1 per day. To conserve supplies miners willingly paid exorbitant prices for native foods, thus no local boy would indenture.

Eventually many men left Salamaua to return to their previous occupations, whilst 19 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Six months later Salamaua was a different place. Two lines of huts built of bamboo and sac-sac (sago leaf) stretched almost to the ’Frisco River. A galvanised iron hotel served warm drinks at high prices, and B.P.’s were building a store.

A District Office and Hospital, rough but useful, had been erected, and buildings were springing up over night.

Major Skeets, as District Officer, dispensed justice—perhaps a little hard, but suited for the period—without fear or favour, whilst Dr. lan T. Dickson—a name that will never be forgotten on the goldfields —grappled with vast problems of hygiene and isolation in connection with the dreadful dysentry epidemic then raging. Parsee Cape was divided into isolation areas for natives, and Dr. Dickson with Mr. A. C. Windham, his assistant, worked unceasingly travelling from one improvised hospital to another, besides making occasional patrols of both the Gadagadu and Buang roads.

The “Blood House” was relegated to a store room, and Clem Hendry had a kiakia house with proper frames for rigging canvas beds and a better cook than Gorman, although there was not much improvement in the menu. More miners were arriving by each Montoro, but the peak of the “rush” was passed.

CHRISTMAS IN 1926 Xmas on the Beach in ’26 was fairly hectic. The “pub” rang with laughter and song. Some new songs were invented —one could hardly say composed. Jim Pontyn lead his own specialty:— Tram car! Tram car! Why do your wheels go round ?

Tram car! Tram car! Gliding along the ground Your Daddy lives over the ocean, ever so far away.

Why do your bright lights twinkle? Tram car! Tram car!

How grown men could chant such twaddle for hours on end seems incomprehensible, but we did. Wally Darby parodied the Hallelujah Chorus from Handel’s Messiah. It was very clever and screamingly funny. Darby sang the verse and the whole crowd took up the “Hallelujah! Hallelujah!” substituting “Koomeatum! Koomeatum!” “House Sacsac! House Sac-sac!” and so on for each stage of the road in. By midnight things would become rather mixed, some singers would be on the first stage of the track, others nearly to Wau, the resulting din was terrific and arguments as to where the song actually had arrived at on the road often led to brawls.

Strings of champagne corks hung from the roof each labelled with the owner’s name. Some men on good gold competed in lengthening their line of corks. Clad in grey flannel singlets, khaki shorts, woollen socks and heavy hob-nailed boots (as we all wore in those days) and seated at a beer case for a table in a galvanised shed called an hotel, it was hardly the atmosphere for champagne, but they enjoyed themselves.

Xmas morning natives visited each hut carrying a large enamel bucket of champagne and armed with a pannikin. “Masta Darby talk one fella cup along one fella Masta, thas all,” repeated the natives as they dished us out a mug of “bubbly.”

That was Darby’s Xmas “shout” to the mob.

A trade store attached to the “pub” did a roaring trade. Miners on good gold were generous to their boys. Some instructed “Mclsaac,” who was in charge of the store, to allow the boys to remain there for ten minutes, and book up all they chose in that time. Being long thinkers, like all natives, they did not debit their Masters with nearly as much as one would expect.

A “Two-Gun” Man

Outside the hotel a “two-up school” saw many ounces change hands, whilst under the Calafuleums, groups of men lay shooting at bottles thrown into the sea, the pool being doubled each round of shots. Calvin, a “two-gun” American, put it well over one pool I was in. A bottle which had evaded many shots still bobbed about whilst the pool mounted. Calvin passing by was chipped about bringing his two guns along. Daring us to double the pool he weighed in and, pitting his revolvers against our .32 rifle, took the pool first shot. Regarding it as a fluke we doubled the stakes; this time, his second shot, a left-hander, took our money.

In those days the field knew not gold thieves and everyone was pretty casual with their gold—as much as 1,000 ozs. coming down from Edie Creek in charge of a boss boy. One day a crowd were sitting yarning on the roadway outside Clem Hendry’s place. One chap shifted a pack he was sitting on and found it very heavy.

On examining it he discovered it was his own gold—Boo ozs.! Arriving dead-beat two days previously he had gone straight to Hendry’s, assuming the boy following him would take the gold to B.P.’s. Also dead-beat, the boy, however, had dumped the pack in front of the shack where he knew his Master was staying, and there it had lain in the road-way for two days.

Nowadays Salamaua has motor cars, and freezers, a real hotel, and “talkies,” but, of course, it’s the township of Salamaua now, not just the “Beach.”

Mr. and Mrs. H. G. Simpson, of Thursday Island, arrived in Sydney by the Marella in December. 20 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Mali'S Joy

How New Zealand Elections Were Greeted From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Dec. 19.

THE Labour Government’s victory in New Zealand stirred the adherents of the Mau movement considerably, as is shown by an incident at Mulinu’u, an Apia suburb and seat of the Native Office.

A crowd of Samoans gave voice to their satisfaction with the outcome of the elections by parading before the Native Office, shouting that a “Mau Government” had now been elected in New Zealand and that the Samoan Mau was now superfluous and would be abolished.

A few enthusiasts improved on the situation by firing their shotguns.

The outcome of the N.Z. elections and the defeat of the Forbes-Coates Government has caused surprise and considerable interest among Europeans and natives alike.

Generally, the change of government is applauded, as former N.Z. governments have done little to endear themselves to the people here, and nine years of political trouble, which has not ended yet, has been the result of the many blunders and mistakes committed by unsuitable representatives of New Zealand. There has been no progressive policy in agriculture and general economic development in the past and the Administrators, apparently chosen solely for their possession of a military title, have not gained the confidence of European and native residents.

It is only natural, therefore, that the inhabitants of the Mandated Territory await with great interest an announcement concerning the Samoan policy of the new Labour Government.

Some of the planks of the Labour Party could be applied to Samoa with great benefit. Local settlers should be given preference in Government appointments and work, education should be free, and the natives should have the right to administer their own affairs. The new government has a clean sheet in regard to Samoan affairs and, therefore, should be able to effect a settlement of the outstanding differences with the Samoans, which have caused the formation of the Mau or native opposition party.

It is true that the planting community looks askance at the prospect of the introduction to Samoa of some of the principles of the Labour Party. The wage now paid to Chinese coolies is the highest the Samoan planting industry can stand, and the application of New Zealand wage rates to Samoa with Asiatic and native labour would effectively kill and ruin the industry, which has not regained the pre-depression level.

Appointment Of Administrator

The new government has also been left the task of appointing a new Administrator of Samoa —a task which the National Government for some reason or other seemed to have shunned. It is hoped here that the Labour Cabinet, as was promised by the former Government’s leader, Mr. Forbes, will take into consideration the petition of the European residents in support of the appointment of Mr. A. C. Turnbull, an official whose ability and experience should enable him to deal efficiently with the difficult problems of Samoa.

There are quite a number of important problems awaiting solution problems affecting the Europeans as well as the native inhabitants. There are, to enumerate only a few, the land question, the opening up of new areas by the building of roads, education for European children, the medical services, the granting of electoral rights to a larger number of Europeans, the settlement of the political controversy with the natives, the cutting down of unnecessary government expenditure, and the election of Samoan representatives.

Committee To Draw Up

PROPOSALS It is intended that, with the co-operation of the two elected members of the Legislative Council, a committee be appointed composed of representatives of the planters, merchants, artisans and others, as well as native representatives, to deliberate and draw up a programme of constructive proposals. These will be submitted to the New Zealand Government and may serve as a basis and guide for the future Samoan policy.

Canon Alfred Penny, of Litchfield, England, died at the age of 90 on November 10. As a worker for the Melanesian Mission he spent some years on Santa Isabel and Florida Islands in the Solomons Group, and was the author or “Headhunters of San Christobal” and “Ten Years in Melanesia.” 22 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Making Good Artisans Out Of Papuan

NATIVES Interesting Policy of Government and Missions From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Dec. 2.

“Tyro residents in Papua are more alive than the missionaries to the urgency of using the most effectual means of giving the natives suitable occupations,” wrote Rev. Joseph King in 1908 in his work “W. G. Lawes of Savage Island and New Guinea,” when discussing the industrial problems of the L.M.S.’s undertakings.

“Our methods must be determined,” he wrote, “by the kinds of labour they are likely to pursue, as the resources of the country are developed under Anglo- Saxon enterprise.

“As things are certain to go ahead in this hustling age, the only way to conserve the natives is to prepare them for an industrial career.

“They must be workers, wage-earning and tax-paying workers or, like other drones, they will perish; and this fact must be clearly recognised in considering questions of education and political policy.”

That policy, laid down in 1908, has been developed for over 25 years, under the combined efforts of the Government and missions, into a properly regulated system of industrial training, of which it appears that the natives are taking satisfactory advantage.

One of the foremost technical institutions in the Territory is the school of the Incorporated Kwato Extension Association, under the management of Mr.

Cecil C. G. Abel, in the Eastern Division, where Papuans are taught the art of house-building, boat-building and furniture-making, after an extensive course of preliminary trailing.

The demand for skilled workers has increased throughout the Territory, and it is from such industrial training centres as Kwato that settlers look for their experienced native carpenters and assistants.

Kwato Mission has been under a good deal of criticism lately, and those most concerned are watching activities there keenly, and not in unfriendly fashion.

To date, six trained natives from Kwato are working at Misima as carpenters for the Oroville Co. and the Quartz Mountain Mining Co. A further two are at Buna and two others are at Tufi, where a new store has been under construction.

The work of these natives has been reported as being extremely efficient.

During the year the Steamships Trading Co.’s vessel Nusa was reconditioned by boys from Kwato under the direction of their instructor, Mr, A. Swinfield.

Other natives have been employed as carpenters by Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. and various planters in the Eastern Division, Three cutters are at present under construction at the school for Steamships Trading Co. and a large dwelling of asbestos and wood was recently built at Kwato itself. Apart from carpentry and boat-building, a number of pupils have been employed in dressing stones for a new church.

Colonel Hooper, who recently inspected the Kwato technical school and made a report to the Lieutenant-Governor (Sir Hubert Murray), stated that the natives engaged in boat-building at Kwato do work “equal in appearance to the same class of work done in white boat-building yards, and in fact more care seems to be taken at Kwato for general efficiency than is otherwise met with in Australia.”

There are 29 pupils at present attending the technical school, continued the report, 16 of whom are doing the first year course and 13 the second year. The third year pupils are engaged solely in house-building, boat-building and furniture-making. These natives have also completed most of the Government’s wood-work course.

Along with other missions in the Territory, Kwato Extension Association receives a subsidy from the Government for the technical and general education of Papuans. This is paid out of the Native Taxation Fund, held in trust for the natives of Papua by the Administration and made up by a special tax, levied on all males between the ages of 16 and 36, with certain exceptions. The proceeds are expended solely on the Papuans: (1) On the general and technical education of natives; (2) on purposes having for their object “the direct 23 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Australia. benefit of the natives of Papua, as may be prescribed.”

Another technical training school, which is doing good work, is maintained by the Methodist Missionary Society at Fergusson Island, in Eastern Papua.

How “Handsome Harry” Died versions you are receiving of the death of ‘Handsome Harry’ in Port Moresby many years ago threaten to fill a book (writes Mr. J. E. Nixon-Westwood, from London). But I stick to my version because, had Judge Herbert known that Louis had gone a-gunning for Harry, his verdict would not have been manslaughter. If only Tom McCrann could tell the story I am sure he would confirm what I have said—because on that occasion I saw McCrann’s stepson racing up and down the street. However, old ‘Mac’ is gone. His wife was a splendid woman, and they both lived lives which are in every way a shining example to the later generation.”

Mr. R. J. Lotze, manager of W. R.

Carpenter and Co. Ltd. at Tulagi, Solomon Islands, was spending furlough in Australia in January.

Huge Feast In

COOK IS.

Opening of New L.M.S. Church at Ngatangiia From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, December 29.

THE Administration declared an official holiday for the opening of the London Missionary Society’s new church at Ngatangiia on December 18.

The new building, which has been in course of construction since 1911, is an # imposing block of dressed coral-lime with a double row of tall windows and a pleasing interior colour scheme. Erected entirely by voluntary labour, the cost of the materials used has been subscribed among the natives of Ngatangiia and district, in whose possession the building remained until formally handed over to the Society.

Monetary collections had been made throughout the island towards the cost of defraying the expenses connected with the feast held immediately after the opening ceremony, and which was attended by fully 1000 people, including the majority of European residents. Half an acre of ground was covered by the heaped carcasses of pigs, surmounting piles of baked taro and kumura, all of which were later distributed among the donors of gifts to the new building.

Under a kikau pavilion erected for the day, long tables had been set up, loaded with native-cooked foodstuffs which rapidly disappeared under the onslaughts of relays of feasters, European and leading native visitors taking first innings.

The expenditure involved by all this, coming on the heels of this year’s hurricane, put the people of Ngatangiia to severe straits to meet the levy imposed by those who decided to conduct operations on such a lavish scale. In several instances, men sold ploughs and other useful articles in order to provide the required pig, while one Avarua supercargo took advantage of the situation to secure a number of next season’s orange crops at relatively small cost.

The occasion is reminiscent of a similar event in Mangaia 44 years ago, when two large bullocks and over 800 pigs were killed, the total value well exceeding £lOOO, and of which not a single trace remained twenty-four hours later. Mr. F. J. Moss, the newly appointed British Resident Agent there, commenting, in his official report, on the scarcity and deprivation which would inevitably follow, concluded with the remark that “meanwhile nothing in the way of business could be done” —a statement that found its echo in the order which declared Wednesday the 18th a whole holiday.

Soya Beans

New Uses in America IMPRESSED by the extensive production of soya beans in America, Mr. George H. Murray, M.L.C., New Guinea Director of Agriculture, on his return from a world tour said that at the famous Henry Ford farm typically American enterprise had greatly increased the value of the crop.

Mr. Murray arrived in Sydney by the Op Ten Noort on January 4.

After the oil, for which there was a great demand, had been extracted from the beans, the pulped residue was hardened into a substance greatly resembling bakelite, and used for the manufacture of steering wheel casings and various other mountings on motor cars. He had been told that really successful culture of the soya bean required the inoculation of the soil with a special bacteria.

While in England Mr. Murray attended the Imperial Congresses of Entomology and Botany and had later been present at the International Botanical Congress at Amsterdam and the International Entomological Congress at Madrid. He said that the value of the papers read and discussed at these conferences was enhanced by the opportunity given to agriculturists from many countries to discuss their problems.

Mr. Murray said that the agricultural possibilities of New Guinea were tremendous, but at least one main trunk road from a suitable seaport to the fertile uplands was necessary before any real progress could be made with the cultivation of the interior. He had been told by an experienced Ceylon tea-planter that the New Guinea climate was suitable for the production of high grade tea, but that no tea-growing enterprise could be considered unless there were reasonably good transport facilities. 24 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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“L’Etat-II Est Moi!”

Question and Answer In Federal Parliament FOR examples of thoroughly acidulated Parliamentary questions, with completely bland and non-committal official answers, the following are commended.

The questions were asked by Mr. Blackburn, a Labour member, and the answers, of course, were given by the Prime Minister of Australia: Is it a fact that a Governor of a Crown colony is, by royal instructions, required to consult his Executive Council on all matters of importance except in cases of urgency or in cases of such a nature that, in his judgment, the King’s service would sustain material prejudice by such consultation?

Inquiry is being made as to whether such an instruction is given to Governors of Crown colonies.

Have similar instructions been issued to the Administrator of New Guinea; if not, why not?

The Executive Council for New Guinea is constituted by the New Guinea Act 1920-1932. It has been established to advise and assist the Administrator. The need for further instructions to the Administrator regarding the use of the Executive Council has not been disclosed.

Is it a fact that, except on proposed legislation by the territory’s Legislative Council or on proposed regulations, the Executive Council is rarely consulted?

The attention of the honorable member is invited to section 12 of the abovementioned act. Since the date of its inception, on the 9th May, 1933, meetings of the Executive Council have been held as folloWs: —1933, 7; 1934, 11; 1935, 6 (to 18th September, 1935).

Will he ask the Administrator why he does not usually consult his Executive Council on matters of importance other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraph ?

It is not proposed that action should be taken in the direction indicated.

Speaking in the House on December 16, Mr. Blackburn said: “A good deal of friction is occasioned in New Guinea by the fact that the Administrator does not consult the Council except in regard to proposed legislation and ordinances, and complaints have arisen because of this lack of consultation on general policy.”

L.M.S. 1935 ASSEMBLY AT PT.

MORESBY THE 1935 Assembly of the London Missionary Society in Papua was held in Port Moresby in November and December.

The officers elected were: Rev. F. J. Searle, 8.A., chairman; Rev. H. J. E. Short, F.R.G.S., secretary: Mr. Percy Chatterton, F.C.P., treasurer.

Outstanding among the many matters recorded was the re-publication of the New Testament in Motuan. This is perhaps the greatest literary event in the history of the Territory. Books also are being published in the Mailu and Kerewa languages.

A printing house is expected to be in operation at Hula in 1936, under the supervision of Rev. H. J. B. Short.

A feature of the mission work during the past two years is the number of impressive new church buildings that have been erected. A fine gothic structure at Saroa was opened in December by Rev. R.

Lister Turner, M.A., F.R.G.S.

A book on religious problems, prepared by a committee under Rev. S. J. Rankin. 8.A., 8.D., for the help of native teachers is ready for translation into the various vernaculars.

The one sad note in the meetings was struck by the Port Moresby medical officer in his advice that the former chairman.

Rev. Geo. Moir Smith, desisted from that office owing to the state of his health.

There was a tense feeling as he led, with difficulty, the closing devotions of the sessions. Mr. Moir Smith and his wife and son, will probably leave Papua at an early date.

Mr. Harrie Percy Bentley, of Suva, Fiji, died at home at Nasese on December 7, aged 76. Arriving in Levuka from Victoria in 1867, he lived for several years in the Rewa River district, cultivating cotton. After the cotton slump Mr. Bentley engaged in copra planting, and later was in charge of Messrs. Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.’s timber department. Three years ago he retired on pension. 25 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Mr. R. T. Whyte, formerly manager for three years of the Samarai branch of the Bank of N.S.W. in Papua, reached Sydney by the Tanda on December 19, after a visit to the East. He has now taken up duties with the bank at Atherton, Queensland.

Home Of Samoa’S “Talkies”

End Of Western Papua

Gold Search

OROVILLE have abandoned their prospecting - operations in Western Papua, and the staff is here, awaiting transport to Moresby,” wrote a correspondent in Daru, early in December.

“Oroville came along with a five years’ programme and a reputed £50,000; but they have ceased their enterprise after only seven months. ‘‘This means, I suppose, that the Fly River will remain undisturbed for another two decades.”

The death occurred recently of Mrs.

Ross, the wife of Mr. Charles Ross, of Undine Bay, New Hebrides, a very old resident of the Condominium.

Transport Co., another up-to-date firm with a large fleet of motor ’buses and taxis.

The largest place of entertainment in Western Samoa, the Tivoli Theatre is the scene of practically all major functions, boxing competitions, dances, weddings, receptions to visiting warships, etc.

The Tivoli Theatre at Apia, Western Samoa, where “talkie” films have been shown twice weekly since April, 1935. The theatre is operated by Tivoli Pictures Ltd., with Mr. E. F. Paul, an enterprising youngbusiness man, as general manager. Mr.

Paul is also manager of the Gold Star 26 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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BULOLO Three Years’ Dividends Exceed One Million Pounds 4MONG gold-winning undertakings which have reached the production stage since the rise in the price of gold, four years ago, gave new and vigorous life to an apparently dead industry, Bulolo Gold Dredging Limited has already achieved remarkable results (said “Melbourne Herald” of December 30).

In three years it has paid dividends aggregating £1,050,000, exceeding payments for the same period by either of the two outstanding Western Australian companies —Lake View and Star and Wiluna. Bulolo this year headed the list of dividend-payers listed on the Stock Exchange.

New Guinea is now producing more gold than any Australian State except Western Australia. Bulolo has paid two-thirds of the total dividends disbursed by companies operating in the Mandated Territory.

Formed in February. 1930, with a nominal capital of a million dollars (£800,000), Bulolo now is nominally capitalised at six million dollars, and has a subscribed capital of 4,675,000 dollars divided into 935,000 shares of five dollars each.

The story of Bulolo’s conquest of the natural difficulties of inhospitable New Guinea will be long remembered as a romance of modern business enterprise.

Dredge units were transported by aeroplanes.

Production was commenced in 1932 with one dredge. Now four dredges are in operation, and plans for the commission of two more are being executed.

Six Dredges Soon

At the annual meeting recently it was stated that the installation of two deep digging dredges would be proceeded with immediately. One would have a total digging depth of 120 ft., the other of 165 ft.

The cost would be met by the sale of up to 60,000 Treasury shares as funds were required. With six dredges in operation earnings were expected to be materially, though not necessarily proportionately, increased.

On the Bulolo River and about six miles from the upper end of the company’s holdings an additional area had been acquired.

From it and from several small contiguous areas being negotiated for, about 10 million yards of 25-cent gravel might reasonably be expected.

Bulolo was already assured of ranking with the world’s greatest gold-dredging companies when deep-boring on portion of its original areas proved that what had been thought to be bedrock (mostly about 22ft.) was really a false bottom.

Below it were depths of payable ground varying between 60ft. and 180 ft. This discovery, coupled with the rise in the price of gold and the acquisition of new areas by the company, added an unknown number of years to the prospectus-estimated life of I*2 years for the undertaking.

In the five months (to November 1) since the close of the company’s last financial year, the company’s estimated profit is more than £350,000, calculated at £B/15/- (Australian currency) a fine ounce of gold.

The dredging of 4,748,000 cubic yards in that period gave a yield of 54,2230 z.

The latest London quotation for the shares is £7/1/3 (about £B/16/3 Australian currency). On Melbourne ’Change before the holidays they were quoted at £B/7/3 (ex dividend 6/9).

Mr. W. M. Middleton, who has considerable planting interests in New Guinea, paid a visit to Australia in January.

Control of Aviation Plan for New Guinea and Papua STEPS have been taken by the Commonwealth Government to formulate a policy which will regulate air transport in Papua and New Guinea.

The Federal Cabinet, in December, approved in principle of a scheme which is being submitted through the Lieutenant- Governor of Papua and the Administrator of New Guinea to aviation, mining, commercial and planting interests for their comments, Mr. C. G. R. McKay, Secretary for Native Affairs, left Apia, Western Samoa, for Wellington, N.Z., with his family by the Maui Pomare on December 5. During his absence Mr. T. Robson, Resident Commissioner of Savaii, is acting as Native Affairs’ Secretary. 27 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Case of the Schooner Norval

Pages From The Past

By Julian Hillas

OUTSIDE of Chinese waters, piracy on the high seas has become so rare that it is all the more strange to find one of the few cases which have occurred within the last half century having for its setting the lonely South Sea atoll of Penrhyn.

This palm-crested coral ring, Enclosing 108 square miles of lagoon and supporting a population of some four or five hundred natives was, in 1892, a British possession included in the Pacific Naval station and, as such, came under the jurisdiction of the High Commissioner of Fiji. Seven hundred miles to the south-east lay Rarotonga, seat of the Federated Cook Islands Government and home of the nearest responsible British official.

An irregular but growing trade had been established between the two islands, the principal medium of exchange being the pipi pearls, for which Penrhyn was rapidly becoming well-known. The lion’s share of this business was in the hands of Donald and Edenborough, an Auckland firm with a branch at Rarotonga and a fleet of schooners operating throughout the Cook Group.

On February 18, 1893, the ketch Agnes Martin reached Rarotonga from Penrhyn.

She reported that the schooner NorvaT had been seized whilst off that island and conveyed inside the lagoon, her master, Thomas Harries, being detained by the natives, virtually as a hostage for the recovery of certain monies to which the latter considered themselves entitled.

The seizure, which caused considerable local excitement, was soon found to be an echo of a case heard during the previous year before Judge Tepou o te Rangi in the Federal Court at Rarotonga, when the Penrhyn Hau, or Government, sought to recover 3,600 dollars, Chile coin, said to have been obtained by Captain Harries under false pretences. Judgment had been given in their favour, but the power of the Native Court was insufficient to enforce its order for the return of the money, which was then in the hands of Donald and Edenborough. Thus matters had rested, the Penrhyn representatives going back, and Mr. Edenborough maintaining that the money had been paid over on account of a purchase authorised by the natives, and which would be delivered to them in due course.

Prom the evidence disclosed, it appeared that Harries, being in the employ of this firm as master of the trading-schooner Torea, had been commissioned by the Hau to obtain for them a vessel, the price of which was not to exceed 4,000 dollars (£600), and with this object in view had taken from them an initial deposit of 800 dollars. This occurred in June, 1892, Subsequently the schooner Norval was acquired by Mr. Donald in New Zealand, and after a complete overhaul there was to be despatched to Rarotonga. Harries in the meanwhile again visited Penrhyn. where he informed the Hau of what had transpired and collected from them the further sum of 2327 dollars, the balance still owing to be paid later, on delivery of the schooner. A crew of seven accompanied Harries down to Rarotonga for the purpose of bringing back the Norval which, the Hau claimed, they understood to be waiting for them.

Up to now, neither the good faith of the Hau, nor the excellent intentions of Captain Harries, were in any doubt. But at this stage a new note was introduced by the appearance in Penrhyn of the Te Uira, a small, aged, but speedy vessel belonging to Captain Emil Piltz, of Rarotonga. There is no record of what passed between the islanders and Captain Piltz, but the outcome was that two natives were despatched to Rarotonga on the Te Uira and reaching there before Captain Harries, found that the Norval. had not yet arrived from Auckland. Hurrying back to Penrhyn with this information —and one cannot help thinking that in thus placing the Te Uira at their disposal, Captain Piltz had an eye on the main chance —the Hau immediately decided that Harries had deceived them, and at once commenced negotiations for the purchase of the Te Uira at 3,500 dollars, at the same time instituting proceedings for the recovery of the money paid to Harries. 28 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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During the hearing before Judge Tepou, Harries made a bad break by presenting a paper authorising the purchase of a suitable vessel and purporting to be signed by the Penrhyn Hau on June 4, but which transpired in evidence to have been concocted on board the schooner and signed on September 23 by a native named Banaba, one of the seven men sent to take over the Norval. It is easy to understand Captain Harries’ desire to substantiate what had, up till that time, been a purely verbal contract, entered into on both sides without anticipation of legal complications; but this method of so doing was unfortunate, since it not only confirmed the Penrhyn people’s suspicions, but also roused those of the native Judge, who thereupon adjudicated in favour of the Hau.

On October 16, the Penrhyn representatives left Rarotonga in the Te Uira, and on the 20th the Norval arrived from Auckland.

Captain Harries immediately manned her and, accompanied by his wife, Tapaeru Ito, a native of Rarotonga, left for Penrhyn, reaching there on the evening of Saturday, December 3.

Two boats came off from the shore, whereupon Harries informed their occupants that this was the vessel which he had bought for the Hau, and that he would take her inside the lagoon as soon as the balance owing to Donald and Edenborough was paid. After some demur the boats pulled back; leaving six or seven of their number onboard. That nigfit the Norval stood on and off the island, and in the morning she was about two miles out to sea.

Dawn had just flushed the white line of the reef and broken into colour the fringing palisade of green palms when a boat filled with natives rowed alongside. Boarding the Norval with scant ceremony, they answered Harries’ indignant enquiries by pointing out one of their number who had, they said, “all orders.”

This individual informed the master that they had come for their money, and on • Harries replying that the money was in Donald and Edenborough’s hands and that this was their vessel, the other repudiated the purchase and told him to take the schooner inside, as they would hold her until such time as the money was paid.

Upon Harries’ refusal to do so, the natives took charge of the ship themselves and worked her through the passage into the lagoon, anchoring her close to the beach opposite the settlement of Omoka.

After leaving four watchmen onboard, the others went ashore, saying that as it was Sunday they had done enough!

The following morning Harries and his crew of four were brought before the Court and again asked for the money. On being told that the money was “in the ship” the natives took this to mean literally and devoted several hours to a fruitless search of the NorvaVs hold and bilges!

On December 7 Captain Harries wrote to the Hau:— “I, Thomas Harries, master of the schooner Norval of Auckland, hereby give you notice that as you have seized the said schooner when laying at sea, outside of Penrhyn, on Sunday, December 4, 1892, and that she is now in your hands, from that date you will have to pay all expenses until she is released, at the rate of 400 dollars per month.

THOMAS HARRIES, Master.”

By the ketch Agnes Martin he despatched a further letter to Mr. Gamier, Shipping Master at Rarotonga:— “Will you please send these reports to some place where I can get help, because it is better to be in goal in any civilised country than to be here without anything to eat, as all I have received from them in two months is two sucking pigs, 250 coconuts and about twenty fish, and I am supposed to feed all my crew on this.”

The difficulty, however, lay in finding an authority which was both empowered to act and which also possessed the means 29 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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(The only Leica Specialists in Australia ) developing printing film supplies of enforcing its decisions. The Cook Islands —of which Penrhyn was not a part —were only a Protectorate, jealous of any interference or infringement of their independence by the High Commissioner of Fiji, with whom, as well as with the Governor of New Zealand, the British Resident at Rarotonga now opened a correspondence regarding the Norval.

While this exchange of letters was taking place, Captain Harries remained a prisoner in Penrhyn, where the Norval, secured fore and aft by two anchors, had been covered with a roof of coconut leaves to protect her from the sun. Although free to move about as much as he liked, Harries was given no opportunity of leaving the island on any of the various schooners which periodically called there.

On June 27, H.M.S. Hyacinth visited Penrhyn and Captain H. J. May—ignorant of the correspondence which had passed between Rarotonga and Fiji—promptly convened a Naval Court to investigate complaints laid by both Captain Harries and the Hau. Under Commodore’s Law, Captain May found the islanders guilty of repudiating their agreement and of forcibly seizing the Norval, for which offences he fined them 3,500 dollars. Four days later the Norval put to sea, almost seven months to a day after her capture in the previous December.

To complicate matters, H.M.B. Ringdove, with Judicial Commissioner Ross aboard, reached Rarotonga on July 25 from Fiji and, learning what had transpired, and that the Hau were very dissatisfied with Captain May’s verdict, it was proposed to hold a second and fuller enquiry.

On August 4, Mr. Ross opened his Court in the old Federal Parliament House at Avarua. Three actions were laid. (1) The Hau claimed from Donald and Edenborough 3,600 dollars, which the defendants pleaded was money paid to them as part-payment of the Norval. (2) D. and E. Claimed 1,567 dollars from the Hau for goods sold and delivered. (3) D. and E. claimed from the Hau 3,500 dollars for the detention of the Norval at Penrhyn from December 4, 1892, to July 1, 1893.

The cases were fully argued, Mr. Exham (Lloyds Agent) and Mr. F. G. Moss representing D. and E., and the Hau, respectively. On August 11, Mr. Exham asked for an adjournment to enable Captain Harries to be present in person, the Norval being still at sea. This was granted, and the Ringdove was on the point of sailing when the Norval made harbour, and Mr.

Ross reopened his Court on the 15th. On the 18th he delivered judgment. (1) That no valid contract had been made, and that the sum of 3,600 dollars be repaid to the Hau. (2) The Hau admitted their debt of 1,567 dollars and were ordered to pay this amount. (3) 400 dollars were awarded to D. and E. for the illegal detention of the Norval.

One of the Hau members was allowed passage in the Ringdove, which conveyed to Penrhyn the sum of 1,632 dollars, paid by D. and E., and the Norval returned to New Zealand.

Thus ended one of the most involved and troublesome cases which had risen to tax the legal resources of the young Protectorate.

Captain Harries remained in the employ of Donald and Edenborough for many years, finally acquiring from them the schooner Vaite and setting up for himself as an independent trader with stores on Penrhyn, Manihiki and Rakahanga Islands. On his death in 1918, at the early age of 56, his interests were taken over by A. B. Donald and Co., successors to Donald and Edenborough, who also acted as Trustees for the substantial sum realised and held for Mereana, the only child of Captain Harries and Tapaeru Ito.

Sanctions in Western Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 5.

THE application of the sanctions against Italy, which have been put into effect in New Zealand, is officially announced here also.

It is doubtful whether there are any imports from Italy into Samoa at the present time, though formerly “Borsalino” hats were imported here. Italian specialties like macaroni and spaghetti come here from Australia or America.

There are no Italian nationals resident in Samoa.

Mr. Thomas Horne, managing director of Messrs. Walter Horne and Company, Suva, Fiji, arrived in Sydney on business by the Aorangi at the end of December. He will return to the Colony in February. 30 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Samoan Factions

Move to Conciliate Native Parties From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 19.

ACCORDING to reports from outside districts there has been Fonos (native meetings) in many villages, especially along the west coast of Upolu, with the purpose of effecting a reconciliation of the two opposing parties among the Samoans, the Mau (opposition party) and the Malo (government party).

In many villages there are adherents of both parties living together, and with relations strained and feelings bitter, there has been dissension in village affairs, communal work and church matters. The cooperation, which is traditional in village life, has been sadly lacking.

Mainly owing to the efforts of European and native missionaries, the Samoans in many districts have declared their readiness to “bury the hatchet” and work together peacefully in future for the good of their respective communities, though still preserving their political views as heretofore.

The new movement was started before the result of the New Zealand elections was known and had nothing to do with the political change. It is, however, significant, as it indicates that the Mau leaders now are inclined to abolish their militant and aggressive attitude towards the Administration and to adopt a more conciliatory policy.

Unspoiled Mangaia

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, December 1.

AMONG those proceeding on leave by the next Maunganui are Mr. and Mrs.

McGruther, Resident Agent and Resident Nurse respectively at Mangaia. Mr. Mc- Gruther has just completed his fourth term of office and can look back at 12 years’ residence in the most southerly of the Cook Group. During his absence the affairs of the island will be managed by the Island Council.

Anyone wishing to escape the winter cold of overseas countries, might well consider Mangaia as a suitable refuge. The people are kind and hospitable; they are unspoiled by over-contact with civilisation and retain many of their old customs. The climate is peculiarly mild and temperate and there is an abundance of native foodstuffs, so that living may be made exceedingly moderate. The island is in communication with Rarotonga by wireless, and schooners call approximately every two or three months.

For many years Mangaia has been regarded as the most contented and best-run of all the outer islands of the Lower Group, and there is no doubt that this harmonious state of affairs is due to the tact, sympathy and interest displayed by both Mr. and Mrs. McGruther, who are themselves of Polynesian extraction.

Mr. A. L. Savage, who has been appointed to replace Mr. K. S. J. Chamberlain, recently transferred to Gibraltar, as Deputy Treasurer of Fiji, arrived in Suva by the Niagara on December 15. Mr.

Savage, who was formerly Assistant Treasurer in Northern Rhodesia, was accompanied by his wife and two children.

Japan And Mandates

BRITAIN has officially announced that Japan, having ceased to be a member of the League of Nations, has no legal right to claim equality of treatment in commercial matters in mandated territories. On the other hand, the Anglo- Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1921 extends to certain of the mandated territories administered by the British Government, and, by virtue of that, Japan possesses most favoured nation rights, on a reciprocity basis, as long as these extensions remain in force.

Mr. W. Tail by, Treasurer and Collector of Customs in the Cook Islands Administration, left Rarotonga in December on furlough, which will include a holiday trip to Java. 31 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Name Address ~ Mr. S. H. Gander, Seventh Day Adventist missionary of Upper Ramu, Central New Guinea, reached Sydney with his wife and 11-year-old daughter, Gwen, by the Tanda on December 19. The natives among whom he worked for several years were primitive, but remarkably ingenious in many things. He saw cleverly contrived traps to catch the field rats, which provided a favourite dish. The natives lived in tribal settlements, the men of a tribe occupying one large hut, while the women lived separately, sharing their huts with the pigs, with which every tribe was provided. In his work Mr.

Gander was assisted by 20 native teachers, who had been trained at the mission’s educational establishment, on the Island of Mussau, St. Matthias group.

Leper Station For Cook

ISLANDS From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, December 1.

A GLOOMY note was struck the other day by a notice posted outside the Administration offices to the effect that a youth of about 21 had been isolated in a house on Tupapa beach, and that anybody entering the enclosed section without permission from the Medical Officer would be liable to a fine of £5O.

Owing- to the infrequency of visits from a leper ship, and the impossibility of treating persons individually on each island, a project is now under discussion for utilising one of the many small motus in Penrhyn lagoon as an isolation settlement where cases may be treated pending despatch to the Government Leper Station in Fiji. It has also been suggested that one of the local' youths at present qualifying for the diploma of Native Medical Practitioner, issued by the Fiji School of Medicine, should undergo a special term studying leprosy treatment in order that he may ultimately be placed in charge of the proposed settlement at Penrhyn.

Adventures in the South Seas ODS WHO DIE —the story of Samoa’s Greatest Adventurer” as told to Julian Dana, has been just published by Macmillans. The Honolulu “Star-Bulletin” says of it; — George Egerton Leigh Westbrook, now 78, has spent 60 years of his life in the South Seas, 43 of the 60 in Samoa. Julian Dana, who writes the book, met him by chance in Auckland, where he was attempting to secure from the administrators of the mandate some concessions to Samoan protests.

The casual meeting in a hotel lobby led to the writing of a vividly interesting and, the author assures us, a accurate account of the adventures of an English lad of good family who went to sea, fell under the spell of palms and atolls and forgot the world out of which he had come.

Westbrook did not ‘‘go native,” but he found the islands of the South Seas the place where his intense energies could well spend themselves. He has had a varied and active life, made a fortune, lost a good deal of it in efforts to advance native interests, and lives in vigour and comfort still in his Samoan home at Apia harbour, fifth building from the left. His greatest wealth, though, is his memories.

The book has. numerous illustrations, including photographs of the wrecked German war ships Eber and Adler, driven ashore in the great hurricane. Stevensonians will also find some pictures of R.L.S. they perhaps have not heretofore seen.

The attitude of the old adventurer toward missions is not wholly enthusiastic.

The new religion brought not only the deadly Mother Hubbard but drastic Sabbath regulations that in a tropical country without refrigeration ruled that week-end cooking had to be done on Saturday. Not even a fish washed ashore could be picked up on Sunday.

High Seas Damage Apia Front From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 7.

THE political landslide in New Zealand seems to have had repercussions in Samoa, as exceptionally high seas on November 27 and 28 caused a great deal of damage on the Apia sea front. The foreshore near the Vaisigano River was continually flooded by high breakers carrying with them rocks, sand, and debris, and causing large excavations behind the seawall.

Damage is also reported from Lutuanu’u on the east coast and Saleimoa on the west coast. The loading of the s.s. Noumea had to be abandoned for 24 hours. The Makoa at Swain’s Island was also unable to load copra there and had to take shelter on the lee side of the island.

Mr. J. E. Nixon-Westwood, who is wellknown in the Pacific Islands, is at present engaged in Britain as publicity and exhibition officer for the Government of Southern Rhodesia, and in that connection is travelling extensively in the United Kingdom. Mr. Nixon-Westwood’s predecessor in this office was a Mr.

Bouchier, whose brother, a Director of Agriculture, was killed in the recent hurricane in the Cook Islands. 32 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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End Of Romantic

LIFE Mr. J. A. Philips, of Moorea From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, December 1.

AVERY well known and much respected old-timer in Eastern Polynesia passed away on November 25, in the P er John Augustus Philips, who succumbed to a stroke of paralysis following a long period of indifferent health. He was 75 years of age.

There is a hint of mystery in the circumstances under which Mr. Philips left his home in Staffordshire, England, during his earlv manhood, and his final settlement in Moorea about 45 years ago after some preliminary wanderings in New Zealand and Australia. Though insignificant in stature, Philips carried with him the unmistakeable air of an English aristocrat, and his cultured accents betrayed an intimate association with all that goes along with great estates. His previous history, however— which we cannot help thinking must have been a very interesting one —was screened behind an impenetrable reticence, which was never lifted, even for his most intimate friends.

In the village of Faatoai, Moorea, where the deceased gentleman allied himself by marriage to one of the influential families of the island, and built his principal place of residence, his home became a place of refuge for a numerous retinue of native dependents, whose presence he thoroughly enjoyed and without whom he was never really happy. His visits to Papeete were few and far between during this period—in fact, so enamoured was he by the associations of his adopted land, he paid only two short visits to England during the whole of his sojourn here.

Philips was a Polynesian scholar and linguist of unusual attainments, and intensely interested in everything appertaining to the ancient history and folk-lore of the native inhabitants. He was also a great admirer of Henry Nott, one of the early English Missionaries, who came to Tahiti in the Duff in 1797, and after 39 years of laborious work produced a complete translation of the Bible in the Tahitian dialect. Some years ago Nott’s grave at Arue was re-discovered and restored to a proper condition by Philips and a few other sympathisers.

As might have been expected from one who was so thoroughly Tahitian at heart, the deceased had requested that the obsequies should be carried out in the native language, and this duty was very admirably performed in the Protestant Church in Papeete by the Pastor, Paul Vernier, in the presence of a gathering which filled the building to overflowing.

The cortege then proceeded to the cemetery at Paurani, where the interment took place.

Philips, who was twice married, leaves three children by his first wife, all of whom have reached maturity, and settled down to their own affairs. The youngest, a boy, married a few years ago a daughter of Mr.

Livingston Gump, of San Francisco, and has since built a lovely heme in Moorea.

We extend our sincere sympathy to the bereaved widow and the other members of the family.

Mr. W. F. Gill, plantation inspector for Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. at Rabaul, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea by the Macdhui at the end of November. 33 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 19 3 6

GILLESPIE’S 44 ANCHOR ”

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Plea For Rennell

ISLAND Danger of New Sicknesses From a Special Correspondent.

TULAGI, Dec. 3.

WITHIN the last nine months, strong efforts have been made by the Melanesian Mission, the South Sea Evangelical Mission, and the Seventh Day Adventists to evangelise Rennell Island.

No native teachers can be landed there.

Rennell Island natives have been taken away, usually for about two or three months at a time, and then landed back there. These natives are shown around the different mission stations and some are given a trip to Tulagi, and also given a small amount of schooling. There is nothing to complain of in these proceedings. The Rennell Islander is anxious to see some new sights and takes advantage of the mission offers.

Since these happenings, Rennell Island has become a place of sick people. New sickness has been introduced by the missions—all with the best of intentions, no doubt, but the results remain.

About five months ago the French schooner La Korrigane called at Rennell and stayed there for about a week; one of the people on board reported that in a village of about sixty people, ten new graves were counted.

None of the missions will deny that at the present time Rennell is full of coughs and colds, and sore legs; and any islander knows that coughs and colds mean deaths, especially to Polynesian people. The Rennell Islanders are not meat-eaters, and live on a vegetable diet, with fish.

The Government should try to protect the Rennell Islanders as it does the Bellona natives, and control the missions.

The missions are doing the things the recruiters and traders did in the old days —introducing disease.

At Tulagi recently one of the commercial people spoke to one of the missionaries whose mission ship often goes to Rennell, and remonstrated with him concerning his mission and others causing sickness to Rennell Islanders. His reply was typical of the old-time missionaries.

He said, “Better for many to die that a few may be saved.”

Without exaggeration, it can be said that if things go on as at present at Rennell Island, in 20 years there will only be a quarter of the population left.

Chinese In The

SOLOMONS Letter to the Editor Chinese traders are still active.

As one takes a walk in Chinatown, one notices many children and Chinese women, and thinks that in about 20 years’ time, no white planter or trader will be in the group. It is time now that all Chinese immigration was stopped.

After all, this is a British place, not an Asiatic colony, and British should have a prior right of earning their livings here.

What have the Chinese ever done in the Pacific? All their earnings go to China, for Chinese goods and labour. The proportion of British goods sold in a Chinese store is about half of one per cent.

These Chinese have no goodwill towards the British flag or people and. to a person who is not a Britisher, they will not hesitate to declare their dislike of Britain, and British people in general.

Of course, when a war is on, matters are different. The white man is asked to come forward and fight for his country and protect the flag that neglects him when there is no war.

This is the view of the majority of th>?

British planters and traders in the Solomons at the present time. And who can blame them?

I am, etc., MARSINA.

Tulagi, 5.1., 4/12/’35.

Mr. Leslie V. Waterhouse, technical director of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd., will sail from Sydney on February 5, on a business trip to America and Europe. He will be away for about seven months, during which he will inspect a mining property in Colombia (South America).

Mr. W. R. Humphries, one of the senior resident magistrates of the Papuan service, arrived in Sydney on furlough in December, and will return in March. He has been 24 years in Papua, and looks well—he says the climate suits him. 34 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

lIOIJIICOOKV TABLE DELICACIES WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE —Enjoys a worldwide reputation.

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JELLY CRYSTALS Specially prepared for warm climates.

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New Hebrides: Vila.

Gilberts: Tarawa.

Norfolk Is. Nauru. Niue. Wallis Is. Futuna Is.

Code Address: “Burnsouth.”

“Mutiny on the Bounty” is a “He-Man’s” Picture!

“1VT UTINY on the Bount y ” adapted by ItJ. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from the famous trilogy by Messrs. Charles B.

Nordhoff and James Norman Hall, of Tahiti (“Mutiny,” “Men Against the Sea,” and “Pitcairn’s Island”) has not yet arrived on Sydney cinema screens, but it is on its way.

Meanwhile, it has been seen in Honolulu, and this is what the “Star Bulletin” says of it: “Mutiny on the Bounty,” taken from the pages of history and translated to the screen, cannot be compared with any other film achievement. It stands alone and far above anything of its kind that has been filmed or which may be filmed for years to come.

It is sea drama as it actually took place 150 years ago, a true chapter from maritime history that resulted in great reform amongst all ships of the sea and which eliminated for all time the brutal treatment men who go to sea expected and suffered. A large and talented cast was required to play the important roles, and heading this remarkable concentration of major film players are Clark Gable, Charles Laughton and Franchot Tone.

The little square-rigged H.M.S. Bounty sails for the South Seas on a scientific mission to transplant breadfruit trees to the West Indies. Her crew is a motley one of convicts and bewildered wretches “pressed” into service. Her skipper is tyrannical Capt. Bligh, who knows only one law —the merciless law of the sea and an almost fanatical loyalty to the navy and the crown.

Capt. Bligh is relived in this amazing photoplay by Laughton, who makes the character a ruthless and harsh disciplinarian. Fletcher Christian, the master’s mate, is portrayed by Clark Gable in his finest role. Those throughout the world who have read the book will agree that Gable, as Christian, leader of the mutineers, could not have been a better choice.

Quickly the true story of the Bounty progresses —a grumbling crew lashed by interminable storms that lengthened the voyage; living on scant and rotten rations because the captain appropriated the better food for his own use; a snarling Capt.

Bligh raging incessantly at his embittered crew; floggings, death and scurvy.

Then the halcyon days that followed when the Bounty reached Tahiti; the soothing influence of native women, fresh food, and happiness.

As quickly unfolds the start of the return voyage, with Bligh’s tyranny driving his men to mutiny to put him over the side in an open boat.

Adventure after adventure follows the mutiny which has no parallel in naval history—the dogged pursuit of the mutineers years later, the capture of some and their finish on the gallows, the escape of others to Pitcairn Island where 200 of their descendants live to this day.

“Mutiny on the Bounty” is a “he-man’s” picture, but a “he-man’s” picture that women, as well, will thrill over.

Among the featured players is a beautiful girl the cast lists only as Mamo. Her full name is Margaret Mamo Clark, Honolulu girl now studying law at the University of Southern California, who was selected to play the featured feminine role, that of the native girl Fletcher Christian took to wife.

Oil Search in New Guinea and Papua PLANS designed to liberalise the existing leases for prospecting and mining for mineral oil in Papua and New Guinea have been before the Federal Cabinet and have been sent on for consideration by the Legislative Councils of those territories.

The Australian Prime Minister has stated that existing ordinances will be relaxed so that there might be encouragement for oil prospecting and mining.

Representatives of oil companies had been consulted by a Cabinet sub-committee. 35 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jarl. 24, 1936

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175 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY Future of Solomon Islands And the Privileges of Public Servants Letter to the Editor.

SOME months ago, in the “Sydney Morning Herald,” there appeared an article by Doctor C. M. Deland, of Bougainville (Mandated Territory) who was for some time in the Solomons. He compared the Mandated Territory with the Solomons Islands, as to their respective administrations, and in his opinion the Bougainville administration is superior. There is a lot to be said for his view and, as Dr. Deland is well known in Australia and the Islands, many will take notice of his opinions. The Tulagi Government people, however, are rather peeved by Dr. Deland’s letter.

It is time, now, that in certain of these growing colonies more representation be given to the residents. Latterly, in the West Indies, the commercial community have asked the Colonial Office for more say in the governing of their own islands.

What sympathy has the ordinary official with the residents of their district? All the civil servants seem to think of is, “When is my next leave due, and will I be entitled to travelling allowance?”

After all, the commercial people are the ones who keep the wheels turning, or who pay the taxes and wages of the colony.

If it were not for the business firms, where would the wages of the civil servants come from? In Tulagi, at the present time, there are about four Government employees for every white commercial resident.

I am, etc., Tulagi, 1/12/35.

TRADER.

Editorial Note Our correspondent’s view, though a common one, is myopic. The British Colonial Service must be carried on. The best of the available young men are encouraged to enter this service, and make it their lifework. They sacrifice any chance of a quick fortune in trade and commerce, and give their talents unreservedly to the service. If they did not do so, there would be no Colonial Empire to provide a livelihood for “Trader” and other peevish critics.

They go where they are sent: and no one envies those who are sent to the Solomons, where life is dull and health conditions very unattractive. Who can blame them if they fight for the full retention of their privileges, and look forward eagerly to long leave?

Considering all the circumstances, the public servant is entitled to the very best conditions he can get. The independent planter and trader naturally dislikes the man in the sheltered job. But the planter or trader is a free agent, who goes where he likes and when he likes, and always hasa chance of big profits, and retirement.

The public servant is chained to his desk and to routine; he often has to endure, as a boss, people whom the planter or trader “would not stand for five minutes”; he has no chance of making more than his fixed salary; and he cannot retire until all the best years of his life have been given ta the service.

The “Mid-Pacific”

THE Mid-Pacific Magazine, which is published quarterly in Honolulu as an organ of Pan-Pacific interests, is becoming more and more attractive to the general reader. The latest issue is packed from cover to cover with well-selected articles of high literary standard and with beautiful illustrations. At one time it was mostly a propaganda organ, but now it makes a wide reader appeal. The Magazine is concerned’ mostly with events and conditions affecting the territories north of the equator, and especially North America, Hawaii, the Philippines, China and Japan; but it usually includes an article or two dealing with the Central and South Pacific. One article of particular interest to South Pacific readers is “Solomon Islands Mislaid for Two Centuries.” This is an interestingstory, strikingly illustrated.

Government Safe Rifled

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Dec. 1.

EARLY on Wednesday morning, November 15, burglars broke into the Government Station at Rigo, Central Division, and, without leaving a trace, carried off the Government safe containing £l5O in notes and silver.

The safe was later found in a creek bel nearby. It had been forced open with an axe. 36 Pacific islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Ship & General

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En glues 7-11 MARKET ST., SYDNEY LEAVE LEAVE!

McCormack rolled the wonderful word around his tongue. Leave, after three years in this God-forsaken hole.

A steamer every three months, and then remaining only long enough to load one’s copra and away. Barely long enough to allow a man to see a few white faces and drink a cold beer or two.

Mail? Yes, one got one’s mail. Always one or two from home; and maybe Phyllis and Jean had scribbled a line or two. Anyway, showed one was not forgotten.

But now, after these last three years (or was it three hundred!) —leave!

It seemed that these last few weeks would never pass; but now the steamer should be showing up at any time. How one’s eyes tried to pierce the hill, and to look round the corner.

When she shows up it will mean an hour before she drops her pick—plenty of time to get one’s gear to the wharf.

No; better get it taken down now —one never knows!

Fortnight from now—Sydney! Yes, one always made out a list, but what chance had one of keeping to it? Now, where the deuce —yes, here it is—St. James, Prince Edward —seem to be dozens of places to go to. Gosh, have to get in two a day; must go home and see the folks.

What’s the name of that dance place?

No matter —Jean or Phyl will know.

Mutiny? Yes, one mutinied against all the rules of civilisation when one got back. Didn’t one have to make up for those three years?

Won’t they ever lower that launch!

Must be an hour since she dropped anchor. At last! Two hours now, and then freedom. Funny, the new bloke hasn’t come ashore —yes, there’s only one aboard that launch. Of course! He must have “one last one” before he leaves the mob.

Yes, old son, you’ll need it if you stay here as long as I did!

What’s this? Head Office —“Regret— relief uncertain —maybe next steamer — must realise —shortage men—more regrets .”

Laugh, you fool! Can’t you see the joke? Three years!

DESNE.

Tragic Death Of Roy

HAGEN THERE was unusual tragedy in the death of Roy Hagen, a member of the well-known New Caledonia family, who died recently at Noumea, at the early age of 40. He was an attractive youth and was educated at Barker College, Sydney. At that time, he was in the front rank of football players. He had just gone on to the land, in Queensland, when war broke out; and Roy Hagen was among the first to hurry home to the service of Mother France. He was for seven months a member of one of the “sacrifice batteries” before Verdun —that epic of French gallantry—and a week after he left, unhurt, the battery was blown up.

Roy Hagen served the full period of the war; but, unhappily, he came home with gas in his lungs, and that is what killefi him, ultimately. He was for several years a manager of chrome mines in New Caledonia: but he had planned to return to his first love—pastoral life in Queensland —when he contracted fatal pneumonia.

Roy’s brother, Louis Hagen, also died, ten years after the war, as the result of gas injuries while on active service in France.

Both were brothers of Mr. Nicholas Hagen, of Noumea.

Iron Ore In New Guinea

A LL knowledge of a report that the Eastern Prospecting Syndicate was negotiating with a Japanese firm for the sale of a fabulous quantity of iron ore in New Britain (Mandated Territory of New Guinea) was disclaimed by the Minister for External Affairs (Sir George Pearce) in the Senate on November 28.

Further inquiries into the reported proposal were being made from the authorities in New Guinea. 37 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Solomon Is. Council

Future of Copra—Gold Prospecting—Currency System Altered From a Special Correspondent.

TULAGI, Nov. 22.

THE Advisory Council of the Solomon Islands Protectorate commenced its second biannual session on November 4.

Members present were—Official: His Honour the Resident Commissioner (Mr.

F. N. Ashley); Government Secretary (Capt. N. S. B. Kidson), Treasurer (Mr.

F. E. Johnson. 1.5.0.), Commissioner of Lands (Mr. S. G. C. Knibbs). Nonofficial; Mr. D. Mackinnon, Mr. G. E. Clift, and Mr. J. C. M. Scott.

A telegram was received from the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific conveying his cordial greetings, and adding: ‘‘The copra situation remains difficult, but there has been a definite advance in price, and it is hoped there may be some further improvement. The Council, I am confident, will appreciate the friendly action of the Australian Government in cancelling the primage charge on the Protectorate product. I shall welcome any proposals by the Council for the advancement of trade and prosperity. They will be aware of the continued necessity for the strictest economy, but I view with apprehension the serious depletion of the Administrative staff. I feel sure that I can rely on the Council’s full co-operation in these difficult times.”

The President, in a detailed resume, said it was impossible, for various reasons, to predict what the future of the staple product (copra) would be. He had it upon good authority that it was recently recommended to an international commission that vegetable oils from tropical products should be excluded from margarine.

Mining: A discovery of gold, five years ago, on the island of Guadalcanal, had led to further prospecting. The country is heavily timbered and precipitous, rising to 8000 feet, and does not lend itself readily to exploration by small companies owing to the considerable outlay of capital required for equipment, transport and plant. The prospect of a rich gold find is considered to be distinctly good.

Finance: The actual loss for the financial year 1934/35 was £l2BO, though ordinary revenue and expenditure showed a surplus of £B7B. A temporary remission of rents of crown leases, a reduction in rates of interest on fixed deposits, and £7OO short in the amount of native tax collected, accounted for the ultimate deficit. It was pointed out that there is no public debt, and that at the end of the financial year (March 1935) the excess of assets over liabilities amounted to £62,574/10/9, as against £58,315/4/4 in 1929.

Coming to the present year, 1935/36, the outlook appears satisfactory, so long asit is possible to carry on with a reduced staff, and nothing untoward happens. In the estimates for 1936/37, provision is made for expenditure extraordinary amounting to £2950, of which £l6OO is for new beacon lights for Tulagi harbour.

Labour: From the date of the commencement of the new minimum wage, Ist December, 1934, until 30th September, 1935, the total number of labourers who contracted under the new rate of pay is 751. There has been no resentment at the reduction, and when it is considered that the labourer under contract is provided with every necessity of life, and his wages are actually only pocket money, there is no reason why there should be.

Agriculture and Entomology: The problem of immature nutfall continues to receive attention. Certain experiments which were carried out proved negative, and have been abandoned. The green coconut bug Amtlypelta Cocophaga China is now under suspicion as being the cause, but investigation on a large scale will be necessary before a definite opinion can be formed.

Soil analyses performed at the Bothamstead Institute indicate that although the sandier soils are better for coconuts, yet the heavier soils from some poor areas are not unsuitable, even though a deficiency of phosphate in the sub-soil may be a contributory factor to low yields.

Other soils, by virtue of the amount of calcium carbonate present, supported good crops, notwithstanding that the percentage of clay reached 87 per cent, in some samples.

Inter-Island Wireless: This matter, which was brought up at the previous session, has been investigated by the 38 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Wireless Department, and experiments are being conducted. These give rise to the belief that it will be possible to adopt the main installation for the transmission of telephonic speech, and, if necessary, for broadcasting to any point of the Protectorate, at comparatively small cost.

New Official Currency

The business agenda before the Council comprised eight items, two of which were drafts of proposed Regulations.

The first debate related to currency.

It was resolved to recommend that the Protectorate note issue be withdrawn, and replaced by Australian notes and coin; the approval of the Commonwealth Government having first been obtained.

This will allow of the gold reserve (nominal value £2369) being disposed of at an advantageous premium. In effect, the withdrawal of notes and disposal of the relative gold reserve are the only changes. The Protectorate is already linked to Australia in the matter of commercial exchange, and Commonwealth notes and coin circulate freely, the latter exclusively.

FORMAL The second proposed Regulation amended and consolidated previous regulations governing the Advisory Council.

Non-official members submitted an amendment to provide for the appointment of one member each year, instead of four non-official members triennially.

The question of the continuance or otherwise of the appointment of the Government Entomologist was resolved in the affirmative by the unanimous vote of the non-official members.

Trading Store Licences

A motion to differentiate in the matter of fees charged for store licences was proposed.

It was pointed out that a small store conducted by a planter-trader, whose scope and opportunities for trading were extremely limited, was charged the same fee as the largest mercantile business. The practice adopted in New Guinea of differentiating between trade stores conducted within and without the business area was suggested as more equitable.

Non-official members unanimously supported the motion.

The Treasurer, while agreeing with the principle involved, and who had himself proposed an amendment of the Regulation some years ago, was at the present stage solely concerned for the loss of revenue which might result.

The Labour Supply

The President, in moving the adjournment of the Council, referred to a passage in the non-official members’ reply to his opening address, and said: "With regard to your remark about labour for plantations, I consider that a regular and constant supply of labour to be the first essential for the copra industry, and, as you said, copra will remain the staple product, and the labour supply must, therefore, be assured.

"I hope if gold is discovered that we shall be able to give relief still further to the copra producers, as the Governments of our neighbouring territories have done.”

Mr. Harry W. Sullen, secretary to the Bishop of Melanesia, arrived in Sydney in December by the mission vessel Southern Cross.

Mr. A. S. Evensen, manager of Pondo plantation, owned by Coconut Products Ltd., at Rabaul, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea by the November Macdhui,

Hornets In New

CALEDONIA From Our Own Correspondent NOUMEA, Dec. 3.

ONE read with interest the experience of a Chelsea (London) householder whose maid, with great presence of mind, destroyed a hornet’s nest by throwing a cloth over it soaked with petrol. We frequently use the more simple method of boiling water.

It would be interesting to know if these insects migrate, after the manner of birds, eels, etc. In certain months of the year, in this island of New Caledonia, they swarm in vast numbers and descend upon one’s home and take complete possession of it. We have slain many hundreds, in a short time, with an old paper as a weapon, and the sport is more exciting than ping-pong.

One is mostly powerless to cope with this pest, which is most noticeable in the months of May and June. I have known of several cases of people being stung whilst motoring, the insect being caught into the car, and having his flight arrested, he proceeds to take his revenge.

One finds that when the hornets come in these vast numbers it seems to be the mating season, and they are not as gressive as when they cluster on their paper houses. Although we have been stung several times, we have suffered no serious ill-effects; but I have heard of a farmer collapsing after the sting of a hornet, which proved fatal. 39 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Men Who Knew Yesterday

By Eric Ramsden

4 “Fox Of Melanesia”

A LITTLE man. his head buried in piles A of a well-known Australian sporting journal not usually observed in clerical circles, sat in a corner of the Melanesian Mission’s motor-yacht “Southern Cross” when she reached Sydney in December.

He gave me a friendly, a shy little smile, and pushed a tin of cigarettes in my direction.

“Yes,” he admitted, “my name is Fox.” , , „ T “You see, he went on to explain lam rather anxious to find out how the All- Blacks get on in England.

It was, indeed, a far cry from the field at Te Aute College in New Zealand, when a slight, eager-faced boy with the deep-set eyes of a student, lay panting in the mud, a ball clasped in his arms. “I think that was the happiest moment of my life,” declared the Rev. Dr. C.

E. Fox, world-renowned authority on the intricate languages of Melanesia. “I shall never forget that try. It gave us the match!” In those days young Fox played for the Napier Boys’ High School. The annual match with the Maori College at Te Aute is still the event of the football year among Hawke’s Bay juveniles.

Like most men who have really accomplished something in life, Dr. Fox does not like to talk of his own achievements. There is nothing of the assertive parson about him. For his “The Threshold of the Pacific,” an account of the social organisation, magic and religion of the people of San Cristoval, the University of New Zealand honoured C. E. Fox with a doctorate of literature. Professor G. Elliot Smith (who played no small part in its publication), said of Fox: ‘‘He has picked his way through the jungle of Melanesian culture with marvellous skill and patient care, and has rescued for science a rich harvest of trustworthy and unsuspected evidence which, it is no exaggeration to claim, sheds a new light on the culture of Oceania and the history of the world’s civilisation.”

Praise, indeed, from one of the world’s authorities !

C. E. Fox has spent 34 years of his intensive life in Melanesia. It was at Norfolk Island in 1908, where the Melanesian Mission then had a school for native boys, that he first met the late Dr. Rivers. In his subsequent journeying among the Melanesian islands the little missionary acted as interpreter for the great savant.

As a result of that meeting, and the correspondence that ensued, Dr. Fox became deeply interested in ethnology. Hitherto he had regarded it as “a vague, picturesque, and highly imaginative subject, and not at all as an exact or scientific study.”

In 1915, he went to England, at the invitation of Dr. Rivers, and stayed with him in rooms above his own in St. John’s College, Cambridge. ‘There we had many walks and talks,” he says, “and I rowed with Rivers on the Cam which, above Granchester, is so extraordinarily like a Solomon Islands river ... I was amazed at his interest in my work and appreciation of it, and at the courteous way in which so uncouli"l a Melanesian savage was received tteaWd, no* only by himself but by his irienas a o.

Three years later Dr. Rivers was in illhealth: he knew that he had not long to live. To Professor Elliot Smith he contided what an impression a manuscript forwarded to him by C. E. Fox had made upon his mind. “Dr. Rivers regarded it, and with ample justification,” said the Professor, “as one of the most important, if not the most imp ortant piece of field work that has ever been done in social anthropology. . . . His chief anxiety was the risk that the publication of Fox’s book might be imperilled if the responsibility was his alone.” Therefore, he asked Dr. Elliot Smith to be his literary executor, “mainly for the purpose of getting the results of Fox’s work published; and six months before his death he impressed this upon me as my first duty to him.”

The result of that meeting between Rivers and Fox on Norfolk Island all those years ago was the publication of a monumental work that has stood the test of time —a work that made the little missionary famous.

Dr. Raymond Firth Curiously enough. Dr. Pox was himself instrumental, in later years, in directing the steps of a brilliant young student, another New Zealander, towards the anthopological field. Naturally enough, he has taken pride in the career of Dr. Raymond Firth, until recently acting Professor of Anthropology at Sydney University, and now of the University of London. When Fox and Firth first met, the latter was a student in Auckland. Now, Dr. Fox is awaiting with interest the publication of Raymond Firth’s researches on the island of Tikopia. For Dr. Pox, like his fellowcountrymen, is intensely interested in the study of Polynesian communities surrounded by a Melanesian culture. ‘‘There is still tremendous scope ahead of the investigator in the Western Pacific,” he says.

What makes Dr. Pox so interesting to Polynesian scholars, men of the mental calibre of Bishop Herbert Williams, of Waipau (whom he regards as the greatest living authority on Pacific languages) and Sir Apirana Ngata, is that he approaches Polynesian problems from a Melanesian angle. Hitherto, precisely the opposite has Soma of the Native Brothers with Tasiu Charles (Rev. Dr. C.

E. Fox), third from left. 41 Pacific islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Rennell Island Nevertheless, it is amazing what he has accomplished in acquiring information. Dr.

Fox still has the manuscript of an unpublished vocabulary of the San Cristoval people. Of late he has been engaged on a similar work dealing with the Rennell Island natives. “There we have one of the most interesting Polynesian communities in the whole of the Pacific,” he commented.

So far missionaries have not been permitted to work on Rennell (which is 120 miles to the south-east of San Cristoval). The language, he contends, more closely resembles Maori than even the Tuamotuan (east of Tahiti). On his recent visit to New Zealand he took with him Tasiu Henry Maabe, a member of the Native Brotherhood, who can speak the Rennell tongue— as well as nearly twenty other languages.

“And when I say languages,” observed Dr.

Fox, “I don’t mean dialects!”

His object in taking Brother Henry to New Zealand was that he might talk Rennell (and other languages) with Bishop Williams. Incidentally, Dr. Fox has a sincere admiration for the intellectual qualifications of the Melanesian. “There are few Europeans who could do that,” he added. As a matter of fact, he contended, there was no reason why the Western Pacific should not produce men of the intellectual standard of Ngata, Buck, and Pomare, Anglo-Maoris who have won distinction both in politics and science. “In fact, we have already men of splendid intellectual attainments,” he remarked.

In his thirty-odd years in the Pacific Dr.

Fox has witnessed many changes. He has served under five Bishops of Melanesia, and has seen the Christian flock increase from 2,000 to 22,000. When he first went to Norfolk Island, early in this century, feeling was so intense between the native boys at school there, from the different islands, that he saw fights where spears were actually thrown! To-day, that feeling has almost disappeared: “The Solomon Islander now feels that he is a distinct entity. He no longer regards himself as a native of any particular island in the group. In effect, he regards himself as a Solomon Islander, and he takes a natural pride in that fact.”

Praise for Traders As for the European trader, Dr. Fox believes him to have been a much maligned person. “The early traders in the Group set a high standard,” he declared, “a standard that has been maintained by their successors. They taught the natives that the word of an Englishman was his bond.

That belief exists to-day.” The plantations were, generally speaking, exceedingly well run, and the natives were satisfied with their conditions and treatment.

The missionaries of to-day, he submitted, were carefully selected and well-trained men. A course in anthropology was in most cases exceedingly valuable. To men of a scientific turn of mind, Melanesia offered a fascinating field for research.

The Famous Brotherhood In the remarkable Native Brotherhood, entirely self-supporting and in no way dependent upon the Mission’s funds, Dr.

Fox is known as Tasiu (Brother Charles).

He is the only European member. The principal object of The Brothers is to penetrate within the districts still regarded as savage and heathen. After three years of evangelical work, its members labour on the plantations for a year so that their wages can be devoted to The Brotherhood’s general activities.

After a holiday visit to relatives in New Zealand (which includes a call at Te Aute College where young Maoris anxious to emulate the football prowess of men like Taiaroa and Nepia are still turned out), Tasiu Charles, D.Litt., will be well content to return to Guadalcanal. The only drawback is that he finds it a little difficult there to keep track of the football scores of his triumphant fellow-countrymen!

Hon. V. A. Pratt, M.L.C., of Rabaul, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney at the end of December, after a holiday visit to Western and Central America. He spent some interesting months in out-of-the-way countries, such as Cuba, Guatemala and Mexico. He returned to New Guinea in January. 42 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1935

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"Joseph Conrad" at Tulagi From a Special Correspondent.

TULAGI, Nov. 28.

THE staid and sober citizens of Tulagi, Solomon Islands —all citizens were strictly sober early in November, some malevolent person in Sydney having withheld an entire consignment of beer— glanced sleepily out over the harbour one morning, pondering dejectedly on the hardships and privations suffered by those whose lot it was to keep the flag flying at the outposts of Empire.

They awoke with a start, rubbed their eyes incredulously, and stared at the placid ocean as though it were a phenomenon that had sprung up in the night.

A three-masted, full-rigged ship in the bay, and flying the red ensign! Why, the species became extinct ages ago!

A prosaic report in curt, nautical language put an end to hopes of beer, and allayed curiosity. The “Joseph Conrad,”

Alan Villiers master, ninety days out from Singapore, and on a world cruise with cadets in training.

Tulagi opened its doors and hearts to the young sea-dogs; feted them, tested them out at cricket, and showered hospitality upon them. Particularly did it throw its arms around (or try to) the two youngest members of the ship’s company, 14 and 16 years of age respectively, who rejoiced in, and will answer to no other names than Stormalong and Hardcase.

Captain Villiers is the well-known Australian voyager, author and journalist, whose voyages round the Horn in windjammers are so graphically described in his books “Falmouth for Orders” and “The Grain Race.”

The present voyage, which will be the subject of a book when England is reached, began inauspiciously. Arriving safely off New York after a tempestuous North Atlantic crossing, the “Joseph Conrad” was blown ashore from her moorings, and sustained considerable damage.

Repaired and refitted, the vessel proceeded on her interrupted voyage, carrying in her complement cadets of half a dozen nations. Alternately beset by calms and tempest in the course of many months at sea, the Solomons presented a welcome landfall, and a week’s stay in port was appreciated by all hands.

Link With “Lawrence Of Arabia”

Captain Villiers, a Tasmanian by birth, tells sorrowfully that his friend, T. E.

Shaw, was to accompany him on this voyage, to engage in literary work in the peace of life afloat. Almost at the last moment something caused him to change his* mind; and, on arriving at Singapore, Captain Villiers learned the sad tidings that Mr. Shaw, that mystic, intriguing figure so much better known as “Lawrence of Arabia,” had departed alone on the last long voyage of all.

Inquiry For “Tin Can

MAILMAN”

A LETTER from Mr. L. L. Carringer, of 2130 Fern St., San Diego, California, U.S.A., asks for the present address of Mr.

Stuart Ramsay, the athletic young man who, for eleven years, swam the famous “tin can mail” between the steamers and the landing on Niuafoou Island, in Northern Tonga. Mr. Carringer says he wishes to thank Mr. Ramsay for some favour received, but he has lost contact with him since he visited California. Can anyone oblige?

Culture Values

Letter to the Editor.

JUST a word about your editorial note to “New Tribes in N.G.” in the August P.I.M.

It is the Administration’s viewpoint that is interesting. Just imagine what might have happened had Caesar pondered over the idea of “Established International Principle” and “Peaceful Penetrations.” Where would we superior beings—the whites of N.G. —be to-day? We have to thank the invasion of a more civilised race (the Romans) for our education and culture —and not forgetting the famous roads of England. When the time comes for expansion of the human or the plant life of a country, to retard development is very wrong and shortsighted indeed!

I am, etc., BLUE PETER.

Madang, 26/10/1935.

Mrs. W. Ramsay McNicoll, wife Administrator of New Guinea (Brigadier-General McNicoll), arrived in Sydney on December 19 by the Tanda on a short holiday. Mrs. McNicoll left later for Victoria to stay with friends in Melbourne, Geelong, and Inverloch. 43 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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A Movie-Cameraman On

RENNELL

By G. J. Mackay

(Editor’s Note: Mr. Mac Kay’s motion-pictures of the Rennell Islanders secured him invitations to display same before the principal geographic societies of the United States.) THE “Ranadi’s” anchor was dropped in the one bay of the huge raised-atoll of Rennell, whose Polynesian natives live on fish, fruit and nuts, naming their atollisland “Munggava.” Richard Rutledge Kane, the Solomons’ Resident Commissioner, introduced me as “his friend” to Tahua, hereditary “king” of Rennell, upon whom had been bestowed the English title, “Master of the White Sand,” since the “king” controlled the only ocean frontage of Munggava.

Tahua, an elderly man of good physique, was naked, save for a loin-covering of yellow bark-cloth. Long Polynesian tattoolines marked his body. A straight, black mass of hair fell over forehead and shoulders. In order to curry instant favour with the Munggavan king, I presented his highness with five sticks of tobacco, like a travelling salesman who thrusts some cigars under a prospect’s nose. King Tahua smelt the offering - and hid it in the folds of his scanty robes. He murmured something to the R.C., who, after moment’s mental guessing, said; “The Master of the White Sand wishes to know your name.”

Accordingly, I uttered my Scottish patronymic, repeatedly ejaculating the name of the clan of green, black and blue tartan into the hair-sheltered ear of the King of Munggava. Finally he raised his head, affirming: “MacKay—goodfeller; Mac Kay goodfeller!”

The royal mind was made up. His majesty clinched the compliment with another handshake and the gift to me of a wooden frigate-bird totem.

There was reason in all this. I found my name to be half of the name of a muchrespected Polynesian god, “Makei-Makei”!

All the tribe then followed their king’s example. Men, women and children just had to welcome the messenger of the gods with the box of magic. This was not so great an ordeal as their own tribal method of greeting—nose-rubbing! Had the Munggavans followed* tribal custom I would be minus a schnozzle to-day!

One woman had the crown of her head scraped clear of hair—a sign of widowhood.

Her man had recently been buried in a good, old-fashioned style—that of Egypt of 6000 years ago.

The first thing we understood they wanted was a knife. They had no metal whatever, Munggavans being in the “wood” age. A knife was given, so as to know' why they were all in such a hurry for it.

Immediately, the tribe clustered round the knife-possessor and got their foreheads slashed —merely a little sign of mourning for the tonsured lady’s husband!

My Malaitan assistant, Maike, had erected the motion-picture camera (a “Williamson”) in a place commanding the village of leaf-huts and its adjacent cemetery of graves decorated with spears, paddles, bows and arrows. For a while I deserted the camera so that the Munggavans could grow accustomed to such an unusual object. A shock-headed youth, however, touched me on the arm, pointing to the camera resting haughtily on its tripod. I pretended to “no savvy.” A piccaninny then grasped my hand and led me forth, indicating by gesture that I should manipulate the works. I examined the controls at the back of the machine, took a purple trick handkerchief from my pocket and set about polishing the glassdials—rather to my (pretended) dissatisfaction. I wagged my head in disgust before the primitive audience, casting a disapproving eye on the purple handkerchief which I shook vigorously. Marvel of marvels, it turned green! The glass-polishing was resumed by means of the green objec. with a (supposed) gratifying result.

The audience began to retreat. I waved them to return. A score peeped into the view-finder. This was the climax leading to my election on Rennell as the Big Shot of the Devil-devils!

The ladies of Rennell are among the best-looking and the most beautifully formed of the female natives of the South Seas. In line with everywhere else in the Solomons, brassieres are not adopted by the native daughters. When skirts are worn on Rennell, their material is barkpaper, once round. Invariably, epidermic ornamentation forms the sole garment.

The inspection of a feminine guard of honour would be a most embarrassing duty to a 8.5.1. P. officer!

Native females contrive to fight shy of anv camera. The native men—ever holding their womenfolk at a discount-use every means to prevent their women from being portrayed. My telescopic lens secured 44 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Chow Chu, the yacht’s Chinese cook, observing my predicament with the local “fair” sex, overcame the shyness of the tattooed ladies by Oriental methods unknown to me, when he paraded them all before the motion-picture camera in a Chinese version of “Here We Go Hound The Mulberry Bush”! In granting a bonus to my movie actresses I secured permanent goodwill among them by means of my collection of used safety razor 'blades! I presented the dames with one treasured blade apiece. A string- of fibre connected a hole of the blade to a hole in a shell-like Polynesienne ear.

Maike asked me why I did not choose a Rennell girl for a wife, for he knew I was not a married man. His argument was that he had often heard that a white wife from “Sedney” cost a lot of money to maintain, whereas a beautiful Rennell girl need only cost me a few beads, a yard or two of calico and my razor blades when discarded! I ended this discussion abruptly by detailing Maike to give the Munggavans an exhibition of the reflex “still” camera as a scene in the travelogue.

Near the white men’s tents a crowd of piccaninnies always congregated, whenever we washed our hands and faces. At the conclusion of the mysterious rite, the basin of soapy water was emptied over their heads. The game was to run and avoid the baptism. “Green” kids were always enticed to be front-rank spectators. The soaping process made the Munggavans gape in astonishment at the queer customs of white men.

The time came when we had to leave the (to us) almost-unreal world of the atoll-inhabiting Munggavans. We were escorted to the “Ranadi” by Rennell’s fleet of catamarans—twenty foot dugouts with light outriggers. Munggavan men, women and children scrambled aboard the yacht after the white men.

The Commissioner relaxed in a canvas deck-chair. King Tahua knelt down at his right hand, Tiketa, a male relative, squatting near. Long-haired Tahua bewailed “Sorry too much sorry too much! Frequently he would seize the Commissioner s hand and stroke it. Nowhere have I ever witnessed such a manifestation of grief over the departure of constituted authority!

“This is becoming irksome,” said the R.C.

“Yet, I don’t want to offend the Master of the White Sand or infringe Protectorate law. Something will have to be done, and done quickly!”

On the bridge-lounge of the yacht a ceremony was to be enacted—the genial representative of white majesty farewelling an aboriginal king! There was no precedent to follow. An awkward “stage-wait” was about to mar the proceedings when Cornmander Cruikshank, the captain of the “Ranadi,” suddenly exclaimed: ‘Tve hit it!”

Immediately the captain gave an order to Ula, his steward. Ula re-appeared quickly with a silver tray containing four glasses, a teaspoon, a glass jug of water and—a bottle of Eno’s! Cruikshank, in his white uniform and gold lace, was chief actor in this strange scene. Holding aloft the bottle of fruit salts, he solemnly enchanted: “Fifteen men on the dead man’s chest, Yo, ho, ho, and a bottle of rum.

Drink and the devil had done for the rest, Yo ’ ho ’ ho ’ anc * a bottle of—er—fruit-salts!”

Seizing a teaspoon from the attending Ula, the bottle was uncorked and white grains of salt deftly spilt into the spoon, Giving each glass a portion of salts, the naval officer presented a glass apiece with a deep, ceremonial bow to Tahua, the Commissioner and myself. Taking the last glass and replacing the Eno bottle with the water-jug, he rapidly made four fizzy mixtures which he sign-languaged to be quaffed while each “boiled.”

And thus it came to pass that Tahua, King of Munggava, became appeased by the strange ritual and frothy tonic of powerful white lords!

“Aloha, Munggava!” 45 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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RUTTY & CO., Australia House Carrington St., Sydney MOSQUITOES The Deadly Enemy of Mankind In the Tropics The following is from an interesting article which appeared in a recent issue of the “Public Service Bulletin " of New Guinea.

MAN has been a long time on this Earth, a long time during which he has been leaving scraps of waste water around his dwellings so that, as evolution has progressed and specialised, some mosquitoes, like ordinary flies, have come to depend upon human carelessness for their sustenance. In other words, they have come to regard these domestic waste waters as the most acceptable nursery, always dependable, for their eggs and larvae, while, at the same time, the female of the species has come to depend upon human blood as a food supply.

Experience of health work in a tropical town has taught one that possibly the relation is the other way round and that the mosquito has discovered that in the environment of humans she may generally depend upon finding water suitable for the hatching of her eggs. At any rate, all the mosquitoes concerned with the distribution of disease And that a blood meal is an essential preliminary to the laying of eggs On nearby water; of course, one is only dealing with the females: the males do not require blood, and, in fact, are rarely seen in houses.

Now, let us take the case of the common brown house mosquito, the one that comes buzzing around at night. Though she is mainly concerned with blood for dietetic purposes, anything that accompanies the blood will be ingested with it. Somewhere down along the track of evolution, a small bxood worm has found that this mosquito offers an excellent means of transferring from man to man. The microscopical worm enters the stomach of the mosquito and undergoes a process of development without, apparently, doing much harm to the mosquito, so that, in a little whil&, when the mosquito comes to your house one night for a drop of blood, the wormlet now wriggles out and enters your body through the mosquito bite. There is no call to discuss here the group of associated causes which result in Elephantiasis but it may be taken as certain that if that matured wormlet does not enter a person’s body, he will not get the disease.

The ordinary brown house mosquito that is commonly associated with the transmission of this disease is somewhat particular about the water used for egglaying; she prefers it on the clean side and usually does not fly far afield. One would suggest that the tins under the icebox or the safe; the gutterings; the tanks or the odd tin that has been thrown out by the house-boy would repay inspection.

Then, again, there is a handsome black and white mosquito that turns up especially about four o’clock in the afternoon and makes life miserable until sundown.

This one is concerned with the passage of Dengue Fever, and when you feel as if every bone in your body had its own exquisite ache and you are wretched and depressed beyond belief, it will be some comfort, though a poor one, to reflect that your troubles are due to lack of mosquito cleanliness in yourself or your neighbours.

This mosquito appears to find any water acceptable, however dirty it may be, and her ,presence usually implies a tin of foul water or water held in rotting vegetation, or, ideally, a broken fallen coconut. She is nearly always to be found in numbers near places where copra is being prepared.

Neither of these two mosquitoes are pleasant visitors, but Elephantiasis is certainly infrequent in the New Guinea Territory and Dengue appears to have left us for some years now. But there is another mosquito-borne disease, Malaria, that is always with us.

The Anopheline mosquito is altogether a different proposition from the two mentioned previously. They usually occupy artificial collections of water and, by constant watchfulness on such water, their breeding can be prevented. The Anopheline, however, though it has come to depend upon a blood meal, still requires natural ground-w r ater for its larvae. Suitable water may be anything from a huge swamp to a heel impression in water-logged ground.

Obviously, these latter microscopical puddles are difficult to find, so that the only really effective measure is to have the whole ground so drained that no water can remain in any air-exposed surface for more than about 48 hours. Swamps and streams are channelled, so that the water is kept in cleared ways free of grass and backeddie.

To deal effectively with the Anopheline mosquito is the job of a specialist; but there is no doubt that given a trained staff and sufficient funds, the work can be done effectively and Malaria banished.

No more Malaria; no more Blackwater 46 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan, 24, 1936

W. M. FORD Ship, Yacht & Boat Builder Berry’s Bay, North Sydney (Established 1870) BUILDERS of all kinds of Island Craft from Dinghies to Auxiliary Schooners of any tonnage. New and Second-hand Island Craft of various types in stock. New and Secondhand Full Diesel, Crude Oil, Benzine and Kerosene Engines.

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Box 1298 J, G.P.O. 331.333 KENT STREET, SYDNEY Sydney Prompt Attention! Efficient Service!! Complete Satisfaction!!! # Fever; no more Quinine; this tropical world would seem a different place. Perhaps it will come some day, but, in the meantime, one would point the moral of this little story—the mosquito is an unclean beast and a deadly enemy. A resident of tropical places should feel the same repulsion to mosquitoes that everyone feels to flies and corruption. Destroy the adult; destroy the larvae; make your residence uninhabitable to mosquitoes.

Repudiationists in Malaita, S.I.

From Our Own Correspondent TULAGI, Dec. 1.

"OECHUITERS have complained that several natives in Malaita have signed on at the new rate, taking their advance of £3, including their tobacco, calico, etc., had their food on board for a few days, and then refused to complete the contract.

In some cases the recruits have decamped with their advance of money. The advance money has been refunded, on a few occasions, by the recruits’ friends, but the beach advance of calico and tobacco has been kept.

Very little notice appears to be taken by the Government of the recruiters’ plight, and more than one recruiter is out of pocket, being in some cases minus his advance payment, and his issue of tobacco and calico.

Dr. W. J. Williams, British Consul in Tahiti, returned to Papeete recently by the Maunganui after an absence of several months in San Francisco, U.S.A.

His sojourn in America enabled him to completely recover from his recent illness.

Queer Fish

From Our Own Correspondent NOUMEA, Dec. 3.

A FEW months ago, a native boy speared a strange species of fish, which may have been of the edible variety, but we feared to eat it. The fish had a short horn, which came out parallel from his head, and a leathery skin devoid of scales.

But the strangest thing about him were the two cutters on either side of his tail, resembling in shape a semi-circular knife, for cutting leather. These blades had the appearance of being stuck on, and were only about three-quarters of an inch out from the butt of his tail.

The tail had two long trailing films at either side, which curled inwards.

We were told the fish was called the Lecorn. A few weeks later, seeing an advertisement with the unicorn on it, I recognised the resemblance.

The short black and white-banded sea snakes abound in these waters, and are often seen basking in the sun near the shore.

The Trocas divers most fear the great losh, which grows to an enormous size, and can swallow a man by suction. When small he is good eating, having very white flesh, and even the larger variety are entirely free from a fishy odour. A native brought in one scaling 120 lbs., and the flesh, when salted and lightly smoked, was of very high quality.

Old residents speak of sea eels 15 metres long. The only thing resembling this that I have seen, was a long, sinuous movement under the water, which curled about a bay within the coral reef. Whatever this monster was, he would pass through a school of fish, which leapt out of the water, and then one saw the curling of his turn, and back he wound once more. One of the party, gifted with a vivid imagination, wrote an article to a leading London newspaper, declaring he had actually seen the serpent; but I can state very definitely that he did not. The long sinuous movement of this creature Mr. Emil Oldehaver, an old resident of Tonga and Samoa, died recently in Samoa, at the age of 75.

He is shown on the left-hand side of the above photograph. 47 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

H. M. RE IP C/o. Robert Reid & Co., Ltd. 32-34 YORK STREET, SYDNEY Wholesale Exporter of Goods of all Classes from Australia aXXfiyn, juornmxt a.

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r made one feel sure that he was a monster of some kind.

The land crab, which goes up the palms in search of coconuts, is caught by the natives in a simple way. When they see that he is on his way up the palm, they quickly ascend a few yards from the ground and tie some grass around the bowl of the tree. When the crab descends and feels the grass, he evidently believes he is on the ground and releases his hold and falls to the ground and is “okr d l S th po n S a se S V sed “of enormous NeW

Search For Pacific Gold

w/E await, with interest, the result of yy j) r Loftus Hills’ investigations m New Caledo nia—we do hope that we shall deve i op a useful gold industry (writes a ? r ®en d i n Noumea).

Dr HiUs says t ' hat the go ld in Fiji is a cl formation—a most unusual occurrence y whic h would baffle the ordinary prospector He says that many millions 7 b / taken of this clay in the near future. «r. E B Folks headfnaster of Lord How the people of Nukualofa. Tonga, prepares a welcome for french tourists, Who, travelling by the "Cephee," visited them recenly. The picture shows native dancers and singers waiting to greet the French visitors (Hettig, photo.) 48 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 193 6

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An Epic Of Papua

How Two Young Women Defied Jungle Horrors and Helped a Neighbour From a Special Correspondent.

SAMARAI, Nov. 10.

A FEW pessimistic souls would have us believe that our modern women and girls are useful only as a source of income to cocktail and cigarette manufacturers, beauty parlours, and dance halls. But, almost daily, we read of outstanding andl heroic feats performed by women and girls in all parts of the world.

Recently two of our Papuan women proved themselves equal to any in courage and endurance. They are Mrs. H. Glanville, wife of the 7nanager of Baibara, Government Plantation, and Miss Debbie Irwin, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. Irwin, of Mogubo Plantation. What they did is well worthy of publicity, and of the highest praise anyone can give.

RECENTLY, Mrs. W. G. Blundell, wife of the Manager of Mamai Plantation, an inland property of the Steamships Trading Coy., Ltd., became ill, with blackwater fever. The nearest doctor was 100 miles away, and there was no means of getting to him for two weeks, when the monthly steamer would be due. In urgent need of assistance, Mr. Blundell’s first thought was of Mrs. Glanville, who is a trained nurse of much experience, and who at the time was a visitor to Mogubo Plantation.

A runner was sent at daylight with a letter asking Mrs. Glanville for advice about treatment. He arrived at Mogubo at 5 p.m. At 5.30 p.m. Mrs. Glanville, and her friend Debbie Irwin, with a hastily packed bag, a hurricane lamp, and an escort of boys supplied by Mr. Irwin, had started out for Mamai —a noble reply, indeed, to an appeal for advice.

To many, the distance would not be great—in the daylight; a matter of a little over thirty miles. But it was thirty miles of trackless sago-palm swamps and mangrove swamps in the darkness; over steep ranges that would make an Angora glassy-eyed; round rock cliffs projecting Into the sea; along a foreshore strewn with large boulders, rough and slippery; and so to Dagobu village, where our travellers took ten minutes’ rest and some refreshment.

The night now seemed full of natives.

The yelping and howling of the village dogs had brought both men and women from their sleep—the men to stare, the women to scream.

Miss Irwin, who has a sound knowledge of the Mailu tongue, asked the natives to hire them two small canoes, to enable them to paddle across Marie Bay to a channel leading into Milport, thus avoiding a very rough walk along that part of the coast.

The natives seemed disinclined to let them have the canoes.

Miss Irwin, with the spirit of a Grace Darling, pointed out two small canoes to her personal attendants, told them to run them into the water, asked for the owners, and paid them for the use of them.

Then, with about one inch of freeboard, the ladies set out on their hour’s paddle towards Milport, across Marie Bay. The canoes became separated, and most anxious were the thoughts of those two girls for the welfare of each other.

They both reached Milport, however, and then they were faced with a climb of nearly 1000 feet to the summit of an unnamed line of hills, separating Mama! valley from the coast.

When they were within four miles of Mamai they sent one boy ahead to advise Mr. Blundell of help at hand.

This gentleman promptly got his Ford lorry going and, with two hurricane lamps at head-lights, set out to meet them. But by this time the ladies were within one mile of the plantation.

The writer saw them when they arrived.

They looked more than road-worn —they were covered from head to foot with swamp mud, mountain clay, and dripping moisture. They had been eleven hours travelling through and over trackless swamps, cliffs, jungle, and mountains; and they had maintained a steady three miles an hour, guided by a native escort, and a hurricane lamp. Women worthy, indeed, of a race of Empire builders and Empire defenders!

Were they prostrated when they arrived at the Plantation? That would not have been a surprising ending to such a feat of endurance and courage. Not they! Although hot tea and showers were ready, they did not even avail themselves of those comforts. With a minute’s delay, they got right down to work on their patient; and, after three days and nights of constant care and nursing, they pulled her through.

They did not regard what they did as extraordinary or unusual. They took it all as a matter of course and necessity; and they would do the same to-morrow if the occasion arose.

However, those two splendid young women may like to know that they have the most sincere admiration and respect of all Anglo-Papuans who know what they achieved in traversing those thirty odd miles in eleven hours of darkness and in routing that horror of the jungle, blackwater. 49 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

ML HARPER MANDOLIANA ISLAND, NORTH GELA, S. I.

Postal Address: P.O. Box 6, Tulagi, Solomon Islands.

Recruiting Contracts Undertaken.

Auxiliary Vessel “Papari” available for Charter.

Full details of Services from BURNS PHILP (S.S.) CO., LTD.

Makambo (5.1.) and Sydney Coles Regalia Sydney ALF. H. J. COLES Established 1920.

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Record Sugar Season

IN FIJI SUVA, Jan. 6.

OWING to the exceptionally wet season, the sugar content of last year’s Fiji cane crop has not been as good as usual, but the quantity of cane delivered at the mills has been a record for the colony.

The Nausori mill, which is the oldest in the colony, and which is in the wet zone, treated 171,000 tons, the greatest quantity put through in any season.

The prospects for 1936 are good, but the tonnage may not be up to the 1935 record.

Solomons Gold

Search Goes On Despite Many Difficulties f I ''HE search for gold is still proceeding in the Solomon Islands.

The consensus of expert opinion is that beyond any doubt there is highly payable gold in Guadalcanal; but that no worthwhile field is likely to be developed until there is brought into existence a company with financial resources and influence enough to overcome the enormous obstacles, which are described as “both natural and official.”

The gold is in the ranges of Guadalcanal; anything from 5 to 25 miles from the coast, amid dense jungle which is infested with malarial mosquitoes. The prospects in places are very rich, but it is necessary to trace back the gold to the area from which it is shed; and to do this an enormous amount of heavy work is required in removing undergrowth and making tracks.

Communication is a problem. No enterprise could hope to do very much unless it were strong enough to provide its own vessel for transport from Tulagi; or. alternatively, establish on Guadalcanal a camp big enough to provide the amenities of civilization. Roads or some other method of transport are vital. Carriage now is by natives who, of course, must be fed adequately and the cost of transporting foodstuffs is heavy.

Labour is another problem. The various parties which have sought gold in Guadalcanal have not found it easy to organize an adequate labour force.

Some prospectors recently there complain of the indifference of officials. There is nominally a Mining Board at Tulagi which is supposed to deal with mining matters. But it is said to be purely a nominal concern with little knowledge of the existing mining laws, little interest in same, and an uncompromising determination to see that every letter of every harassing regulation is fully observed.

Recent visitors express surprise at this official attitude. The Solomons territory, being wholly dependent upon copra, has been suffering a period of economic stagnation. The development of a gold industry would materially alter the outlook. In the circumstances surprise is expressed that the officials do not offer more encouragement to gold prospectors. Papua, in similar circumstances, gives every possible encouragement to prospectors.

The Pratten interests long ago abandoned their investigations in the group; but a local syndicate known as “the Big Six,” who hold rights over what is believed to be valuable areas, is still carrying on. It is understood to be working in association with a Sydney syndicate called the Pioneer Gold Co., and on behalf of the latter a well-known mining engineer, Mr.

Ault, has been carrying on an energetic and useful survey. He has been on Guadalcanal for some time, and was recently in Sydney obtaining new equipment for a further investigation.

There is little doubt that somewhere in Guadalcanal, in the ranges at the back of Berande, there is a rich goldfield; and if only a tithe of the Australian capital that has been wasted on Fijian speculation had been spent in the Solomons Group, a discovery of importance probably would have been made by now.

There is a singular similarity between the early history of the Morobe goldfields in New Guinea and what is going on now in the Solomons. Competent men are convinced that the gold is there and, in spite of great natural difficulties, they are continuing the search. A very rich reward awaits the successful prospector.

Apia Turf Club

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 18.

A T a recent meeting of the Apia Turf Club it was decided to erect a cement post suitably inscribed in memory of the veteran Samoan racehorse Buster, near the spot where the horse at the last race meeting broke his leg and had to be shot.

The Turf Club also resolved to import a good stallion, which will be made available to European and Samoan horseowners. The present breed of horses in Samoa needs freshening up badly, especially as lately interest in horse racing has revived to a remarkable extent.

Captain M. C. Fairbrother, A.D.C. to the late Administrator of Samoa and formerly of the Treasury Department, returned to New Zealand with his wife by the Maui Pomare from Apia early in December. 50 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

FREEMANS For Quality Goods at Low Prices ESTABLISHED SINCE 1905 147 Castlereagli St., Sydney, ULS.W. (Right in The Centre of The Block.

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Tennis Racquets

The “Rex” Racquet, improved model, English laminated ash frame, full overlay, fitted leather grips, strung with first-grade gut. Special reduction 21/- Genuine Chesterfield “Swift” Racquets, 4-piece laminated English frame, full ash overlay, fitted leather grips, reinforced shoulders, strung with very best quality gut. Were 45/-. Now 25/- Free Cover and Press with every Racquet GOLF SETS “J. Kirkwood” Hickory Shaft Matched Golf Sets, special rustless heads, made in Scotland, including Midiron, Mashie, Putter and Brassie-Driver in leather mounted waterproof canvas bag, 42/6 “J. Kirkwood” Steel Shaft Golf Sets, including Midiron, Mashie, Putter and Brassie-Driver in leather mounted canvas waterproof bag 69/6 Free with every Golf Set purchased; One dozen Tees and two Golf Balls.

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CRICKET Cricket Kit, comprising 2 English “Oval Driver” bats, 2 pairs batting pads, 1 pair W.K. gloves, pair W.K. pads, set of stumps and bails, ball.

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English Ensign Camera, double lens. synchro shutter . . 25/- Kodak Folding Cameras, double lens, 27/6 Vest Pocket Folding Cameras .. 17/6 Kodak 6-20 Double Lens Camera F.ll, Kodon shutter 50/- Typewriters Slightly Used Corona 3-bank Portable Typewriter in case. Perfect order £5/10/- 4-bank Portable Typewriter in case. Good order . . £B/15/- Underwood 4-bank Portable Typewriter in case £6/15/- Remington 4-bank Portable Typewriter in case. Late model, £lO/10/- Monarch No. 3 Typewriter, 4-bank, 14in. carriage. Perfect order. £5/10/- Reminpton Standard Typewriter, 4bank, 18in. carriage £4/10/- “Schutz” Race Glasses, 8 x 30, German make, very powerful .. £6/10/- Bicycles Good strong slightly used Bicycles always in stock. Prices from 55/- to £7/15/-. Write for special quotes.

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Pan-American Airways Experts in Yacht Kinkajou APIA, December 19. 4CCORDING to a report from Swain’s Island (Gente Hermosa), the American yacht Kinkajou called there on December 9.

The Kinkajou, a vessel of 45 tons and 90 feet long, has been chartered by Mr. Dana Coman, of Hopkins University. Mr. Coman is on board with his partner, the famous world-flyer, Mr. Harold Gatty. Captain Fink is in command of the vessel, which set out from Honolulu, via Howland and Baker Islands, for Swain’s Island and Pago Pago. She later returned, via Jarvis Island, to Honolulu.

Mr. Gatty, who accompanied the late Wiley Post in 1931 on his record flight of seven days round the globe, is now connected with Pan-American Airways. The purpose of the expedition to the little islands in the mid-Pacific was to study the possibilities of the proposed air route of Pan-American Airways from Honolulu, via Pago Pago, to Auckland, New Zealand, which is to be started during 1936.

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Fiji Residents and Search For Gold From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Dec. 11.

CONVENED by Captain C. G. Fenton. * a meeting of Suva residents on December 5 decided to form a local company.

Gold Search (Fiji) Limited, to engage in mining activities in the Colony.

Gold-seeking companies formed in Australia are faced with heavy initial transport and accommodation expenses which the new company will escape, said Capt.

Fenton, outlining the proposal. The Co.’s representatives will be directly under the eye and supervision of the directors and will have the benefit of local knowledge.

It is not intended to send out expensive prospecting parties, but the company would follow up discoveries and developments in order to get in early on new finds, he added.

Proposed capital is £lO,OOO in 100,000 shares of 2/- each, 50,000 of which are to be held in reserve. The meeting appointed Messrs. D. Costello, A. Barker, C. G. Fenton, A. Lewis and R. L. Munro as provisional directors, and Mr. A. J. Rutledge was elected secretary. The meeting closed with the chairman’s assurance that the preliminary arrangements would be completed within a fortnight.

Apia’S Unemployed

Seek Share of N.Z. Xmas Relief Fund From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 19.

WHEN news reached Samoa by wireless of the generous gesture of the new Labour Government of New Zealand in presenting the N.Z. unemployed with a Xmas box of £lOO,OOO, the unemployed of Apia (about 50 Europeans) resolved to apply to the N.Z, Government to be likewise considered. A radio was sent with the support and recommendations of the Acting Administrator (Mr. A. C. Turnbull) and the two elected M’s.L.C. (Hon. A. G.

Smyth and Hon. I. H. Carruthers).

Most of the local unemployed have large families to support and have been out of work for a considerable time. Fortunately there is no unemployment among the native Samoans. Every Samoan family has a plot of land to live upon, and their work on European plantations, in stores or on Government work is mostly of a casual nature. The worker is able to return to his village, his family and his land, whenever he feels like it or loses his employment.

Mr. Sidney Burdekin Bossley died in his sleep on December 4 at Nadi, Fiji.

Born in 1879 at Liverpool, New South Wales, he served in the Boer War and on his return from South Africa in 1904 left for Fiji under engagement to the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. Ltd. Mr.

Bossley remained in the service of the C.S.R. Co. until his death. A keen sportsman, he was interested particularly in racing, being the owner of the racehorse Joffre. 52 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 19 3 6

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More Tourists

Visit Tahiti in Spite of Adverse Exchange Position From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, December 2.

THE annual general meeting of the Syndicat dTnitiative (Tourist Bureau) was held at the Papeete Town Hall on November 15, the chair being occupied by His Excellency the Governor, who is honorary president of the association.

Monsieur Lherbier, the elected president, recounted briefly the history of the Tourist Bureau from its inception in 1914, under the presidency of M. Deflesselle, to the present date. He told of the progress of the improvements sponsored and actively assisted by the Syndicat during the past year. M. Lherbier also paid a warm tribute to the valuable work done by the late Pere Rougier during the term when he occupied the chair.

Statistics quoted by M. Lherbier showed a steady increase in the number of tourists visiting French Oceania, but as he truly pointed out we cannot expect a vigorous development, which is justified by the natural attractions of Tahiti, so long as the foreign exchange situation remains as at present. The tourist, whether he be from America or from British countries, finds the purchasing power of iiis money seriously diminished when he is obliged to pay for everything in francs.

Among important items carried out recently by the Syndicat, Monsieur Lherbier referred to the deepening of the entrance to Papeete Pass, which has been carried to a depth of 10 metres (33 ft.). It is intended to proceed further with this work as soon as funds permit so that vessels drawing up to 40 ft. will be able to enter without difficulty. More than once during recent years Tahiti has had the experience of seeing large tourist liners pass by owing to fear of the Papeete Pass, or else being obliged to disembark passengers by means of boats —an unsatisfactory state of affairs which will now soon be remedied. In connection with this difficult piece of work which is all essential in the interests of the tourist industry, Monsieur Lherbier warmly acknowledged the help given by the Public Works Department and the Compagnie des Phosphates de I’Oceanie.

Regarding the proposed hill station, M.

Lherbier said that further exploration of the possibilities had confirmed the former decision that the plateau at the base of Mt. Teohu presented the best site on the island. This plateau is not too far removed from Papeete, is situated on the dry side of the island at an altitude of 2500 ft., and commands a fine view over the district of Punaavia and across the ocean to Moorea.

An additional advantage is that this particular site is uncomplicated by native land titles, which would create almost insuperable .difficulties elsewhere.

A good path or bridle track to the station is all that is contemplated at the present time, but Monsieur Lherbier stated that the construction of a motor road to Mt.

Teohu will not present any insurmountable engineering difficulties. It is hoped that the trail will be commenced at an early date as it will be a very real benefit to week-enders who badly need a change of air, to say nothing of its attractions from a tourist standpoint.

The financial budget showed a satisfactory balance in hand and estimates for 1936 include considerable sums to be distributed as prizes in the country districts for the best kept villages and gardens, a contribution to the Racing Association, assistance in the production of a “Guide to Conversations in the Local Dialects,” and a substantial sum for the reception of tourists. Other items include the publication of the Tourist Gazette and the secretary's salary.

Mr. J, R. Kinnaird, a Scottish missionary, of Aberdeen, has been appointed by the London Missionary Society as chief engineer on the John Williams V., the famous mission schooner of the South Seas. He will join the vessel next spring.

The John Williams has recently been fitted with wireless, operated by a South Sea Islander. Atmospherics make wireless reception in the South Seas particularly erratic but it is hoped that the ship will be able to keep in touch with wireless stations at Suva, Ocean Island, Samoa, and the L.M.S. station at Beru (Gilbert Is.).

Cook Is. Chief Visits

TAHITI RAROTONGA, Dec. 1.

'T'INIRAU MAKEA ARIKI, Paramount * Chief of Rarotonga, accompanied by his wife. Makea Vaine, and his second daughter Tere, together with several other members of his family left by the Makura on November 29 for a two months’ visit to his relations, the ex-Royal family of Tahiti.

The Rarotongan party will be the guests of Princess Tearii Pomare.

Princess Tearii and her sister Princess Takau are shortly leaving Tahiti to make their permanent residence in France, where the latter has already spent many years, preferring to be near her brother Ariiherehia Pomare, who holds an administrative position in the French Civil Service in Morocco. 53 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Samoan Produce

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 1.

THE cocoa crop is still being picked, though the heavy rains, occasioning bad roads on the plantations, interfere somewhat with the bringing in of the product. While the export of cocoa in 1935 has been below the average, as most of the incoming crop can appear only in the export figures for 1936, copra figures for 1935 are much ahead of those of former years. So far about 12,500 tons of copra have been exported this year.

Within two weeks of each other the banana steamers are calling for shipments, the Maui Pomare on the 4th and the Limerick on the 14th. There seems to be a sufficiency of fruit available and for the first time the island of Savaii is given the chance to participate in the banana shipments, as a boat load of a few hundred cases will be brought over from the Paasaleleaga district for shipment by the Maui Pomare.

Captain L. C. Shoppee, who has been connected with gold-seeking activities in the Morobe district (New Guinea) during the past few years, arrived in Sydney by the Montoro on December 18, accompanied by his wife.

TWO DEATHS ON T.I.

LUGGER Mystery Solved With Aid of Guinea Pig From Our Own Correspondent THURSDAY IS., Jan. 1.

ALARMED when no signals came from Ichitaro Miyeo, 35, a diver, working five fathoms down from the T.I. pearling lugger Aldina, the captain went down and found the Japanese dead in his diving suit on the sea bed.

Returning to port at Thursday Island, a native, Sammy Myquick (17), was found dead in the hold. An investigation made of the lugger, following a post-mortem examination, revealed that death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning, but apparently everything was in order.

Dr. J. R. Nimmo, Government medical officer at Thursday Is., then procured a healthy guinea pig, which he placed in one of the diving helmets. Air from the tank was circulated in the helmet for 15 minutes. The pig showed signs of suffocation, and it was" taken out and revived. Later it was replaced in the tank, and in five minutes became paralysed, and collapsed, recovering again when brought out.

It was then discovered that a fair amount of engine gas was being discharged into the engine room, and the fumes also passed into the hatch, where the body of Myquick was found. The intake valve of the air compressor took in the fumes also, and these were pumped zo the diver.

L.M.S. Medical Scheme

FOR PAPUA THE prospect of big developments in the medical work of the London Missionary Society, in co-operation with the Papuan Government, was discussed by the secretary of the L.M.S. (Rev. H. J. E.

Short) at the 1935 Assembly in December.

A scheme is under weigh for a fully equipped hospital for T.B. and leprosy patients in Port Moresby, and a doctor and hospital for service in the western areas of the Territory.

A great deal of medical service is being rendered now, but it is felt that the oldest mission in Papua should attempt greater things to meet the deep health need of the native people.

Gilbert Islander Drowned in Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 17.

WHILE fishing near the reef in rough weather in the Aleipata district, Western Samoa, a native of the Gilbert Islands was thrown into the sea when his canoe capsized. Though a lengthy search was made by other natives in a larger boat, the man was not found. It is probable that the body was swept out to sea by a strong current.

Mr. H. A. Gregory, Assistant District Officer at Kieta, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney on December 19 by the Tanda.

He departed later for Victoria to spend his furlough in Melbourne. 54 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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OLD residents of Samoa hope that the new Government in New Zealand will regard the administration of Western Samoa as a national obligation rather than as an opportunity for allowing officials to glorify themselves.

It is believed that under new conditions all differences here can be amicably adjusted. There never was any need for warships or military police in Samoa. The late Administrator never was in close touch with the Samoans. There was much criticism, for instance, of the fact that he maintained at Vailima a party of Chinese household servants, whose wages presumably went back to China. Why could he not have used local labour for this purpose? Why should the Administrator have thought it necessary to maintain an Aide-de-camp—his own nephew, with the title of “Captain”—a position regarded as quite unnecessary?

The New Zealand Government at the beginning deported many of the German pioneers—men of real intelligence who were deeply interested in the development and progress of Samoa. Their places have never been filled.

The unemployment position among Europeans here is tragic. A few unemployed ex-service men occasionally secure a few days’ work from the Public Works Department at a low rate of wages; and when they are paid their wages are subject to deductions of 20 per cent, or so, as instalments against what they apparently owe the Administration for poll tax, schooling for their children, medical fees, etc. It is a pitiful sight to see ex-service men on the tops of Government buildings painting the high, steep roofs in the broiling tropical sun.

Our troubles are by no means incapable of solution. Let the new Government only make an inquiry, and put in charge of this territory a man of some common-sense and strength of character and much of the present rampant discontent will disappear.

I am, etc., OLD RESIDENT.

Apia, 16/12/1935.

Silver Medal Awarded to Fijian From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Dec. 20. attempting to save his nephew, Williame Uati, 19, from a very savage fish, Joni Drawnimasi, 40, of Bua District, Fiji, has been awarded a silver medal by the Royal Humane Society, London.

While bathing near Moloncowava Reef, Williame was attacked by a large barracouta fish, which bit off his arm. Joni swam ashore with the boy, who later died.

The barracouta is of the perch family and is about eight to ten feet long. It is more feared by the natives than are sharks.

THE MARSHALLS 50 YEARS AGO Administered by Five German Officials From Our Own Correspondent APIA (Samoa), December 6.

THE German press in November last made reference to the 50th anniversary of the hoisting of the German flag in the Marshall Islands and published reminiscences of the former Governor of New Guinea, Dr. A. Hahl, The Marshall Islands in 1906 were placed under the Administration of German New Guinea.

Nowadays, with radio and aeroplanes, it is much easier for the Japanese Administration to govern the far flung atolls of the group than it was for the Germans 50 years ago. The German Administration for the whole of the 50 islands consisted of only five white officials: the Deputy Administrator, his secretary, a police official, the Government Medical Officer and a hospital orderly. At Jaluit, seat of the German Administration, there were only two native policemen.

It was a difficult task to induce the cannibals of the group to submit peacefully to European rule. To supply proof of their submission they were required to build roads through their district. Dr. Hahl tells that in some villages when the men refused to perform their tasks of road building the women came out in support of the Government. They gave as a reason that the Government prevented the former continuous wars, when children and women were killed and always eaten first. And so the men agreed to build the roads. 55 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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LONDON, Nov. 30.

TROPICAL produce prices are slowly rising-. There have been no startling developments. No doubt, stocks of oil are getting low, but somehow or other the system of living from hand to mouth is becoming really a part of modern life.

I am confident that copra producers could make a much better deal if they would only co-operate and charter their own ships to carry their produce to the European markets. I think that all those New Guinea estates should be called back by the Government. All debts due to the trading firms should be liquidated and the whole of the estates should be run on a co-operative basis, both in regard to the selling of produce and the buying of commodities. There would be no need to place an embargo on the trading firms. If their quotes were attractive, then the co-operative organization would deal with them; but if not, then the co-operative concern would take its own line.

Mr. H. Somerset Vidgen, of Thursday Island, has announced his engagement to Sister Reed, of the Torres Strait Hospital. Mr. Vidgen owns the plantation at Cape York, Northern Queensland, on which a landing ground has been prepared for the use of airmen flying by the short sea route between New Guinea and Australia.

Pacific Shipping

A Few Words Against The Union Company THE president of a large trading corporation, writing to the Editor from Toronto, Canada, on December 10, is straight from the shoulder; “I am a bit fed up with your continued defence of the Union Company and your abuse of other lines.

“I have had experience of the Union Co. for 20 years. They have never given anything more in the way of freight rates or passenger accommodation than they felt forced to do. Even to-day, they are running a steamer south from Wellington to Lyttelton which is a disgrace for a white man to ride in.

“They are autocratic and difficult people to do business with, and it is time that some foreign competition came into the picture and forced them to change their attitude. But instead of attempting to improve their services they go about crying and trying to enlist the sympathies of well-intentioned men like yourself.

“You have stepped off on the wrong foot. Or possibly you are a stockholder or a personal friend of the owners.”

EDITORIAL NOTE: We have no interest whatever in the Union Co., which is quite capable of arguing its own case. But we are vitally interested in this question of obtaining a fair deal for British shipping in the Pacific. The Americans will not allow British ships (which are unsubsidised), to trade between American ports. Why, therefore, should the subsidised American ships be allowed free and unrestricted trade between the British Pacific ports (Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia) ? That is the crux of the problem. Let the American liners undergo, between Fiji, Australian, and New Zealand ports, the same disabilities as are imposed on British liners between Hawaii and San Francisco, with some special provision to counter the advantage given by the American subsidy, and the Union Co. will have no cause to grumble. The Union Co.’s method of conducting its services is a matter between its conscience and its clients. Other things being equal, it will have to run its services efficiently, or go under.

Rev. Wilfred F. Paton, Presbyterian missionary on the island of Ambrym, New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney by the Morinda on December 18, accompanied by Mrs. Paton and their infant child. Mr.

Paton had barely recovered from a heat attack when the steamer berthed; he suffered the stroke just before leaving the Condominium, and had been prostrated by it for the greater part of the trip. Mrs, Paton said that they had spent 18 months on Ambrym, following a year on Paama Island. The volcano, which had erupted in 1913 and caused part of the island, including the area on which the Presbyterian Hospital was built, to subside into the sea, was still active, and rumblings, which were accompanied by slight tremors, were frequently heard. 56 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Kwato Mission And

TRADING A LENGTHY reply to the defence of Kwato Mission Station, Eastern Papua (published by us at Mr. Abel’s request in July) has been received from Mr. Reg.

Fletcher, of Normanby Island. Mr. Fletcher, writing on October 26, made the following points:— I reiterate that the feeling against Kwato trading is both strong and universal. I have spent the last 12 days in Samarai, and enquired from all sections of the public, azid all state Kwato is being allowed an unfair advantage.

The list of customers is interesting, although incomplete; they left out Messrs.

A. Evennett and J. G. Munt. This patronage is no criterion, owing to the cheap work carried out at Kwato. It is also to be noted that with one slip closed down, and the proprietor of another chasing the elusive dwts. to get a crust, most boatowners had to get their boat work done wherever possible.

It is correct that the demand for skilled Papuan labour is greater than ever; but he is very misleading. Skilled Papuans are turned out by the Anglican, Roman Catholic, L.M.S. and the Methodist Mission Societies. I have yet to see, in 25 years’ residence, any private employer who has a skilled labourer in his employ turned out by Kwato. What becomes of the natives trained in Kwato Technical School at the expense of the Government?

The statement that the European tradesmen were all employed is incorrect. At the time this controversy started Messrs.

Young, Markey and Le Boutillier were all unemployed in Samarai. Two are now employed at Misima, and the third relies on plumbing work. This is the direct result of the “healthy competition” which Mr.

Abel tells us about.

I did not make “a serious charge against a Philanthropic Society.” What I argued was that what Kwato would consider a legitimate charge against technical education, a Government auditor might think otherwise. He says the expenditure exceeds the grant; but, as Colonel Hooper mentions in his reports, technical students work on boat work and one may wonder if this account is properly credited with all the work carried out on their slip.

The reply about 1J ounces of gold taken out of Milne Bay by any member connected with the Association is a mere quibble. I was discussing what they had bought in Milne Bay, not mined.

As for unscrupulous natives passing themselves off as Kwato employees—does Mr. Abel think that I do not know the natives employed at Kwato?

To quote Mr. Dexter is absurd. This gentleman, being an independent storekeeper, was able to import his own merchandise direct, and sell at wholesale rates to other small traders in the Bay; and as Kwato was one of his best customers, it would be hardly likely he would object to their selling retail, what he had sold to them wholesale.

The statement about the boats being registered could have been qualified by Mr.

Abel stating when his boats were registered. Is it only since they started freighting in opposition to others?

That Kwato is a non-dividend paying concern is not very surprising. Probably, if they cut out 15 of the 21 Europeans on Kwato at present, the saving would enable them to do without the Government subsidy. I presume the Government give grants for technical purposes with the idea that a supply of trained natives is always available to both the Government and private employees. Mr. Abel might explain how many trained boys have been turned out by Kwato since the inception of this Company in 1919; by whom they are employed; the cost per head to train them; the present number of students; the number of other boys employed at Kwato; and, finally, how many natives claim exemption from the Government Tax on Kwato’s behalf.

N.G. Public Service

THE following staff changes in the New Guinea Administration were gazetted in Bulletin No. 45: — Appointments: Miss Eileen Owers, Nurse, Public Health Dept.; Miss Clare Eda Berge, Nurse, Public Health Dept.

Acting Appointments: J. Walstab, Acting Director of District Services and Native Affairs; E.

A. Feldt, Acting Warden (Morobe Goldfields).

Promotions: A. J. Streathearn, Clerk (£3OO- - to Clerk (£354-£444), Govt. Secretary’s Dept.; B. W. Brazier, Clerk (£3OO-408) to Clerk (£354-£444), District Services Dept.; E. J. Slee, Clerk (£3OO-£408) to Clerk (£354-£444), District Services Dept. Cadets to be Patrol Officers: K. W. Bilston, J. R. Black, T. G. Aitchison, H.

G. Verey, M. S. Edwards, G. Greathead, L. G.

Vial, R. B. Strudwick, J. Hepburn. P. E. R. Coe, Clerk (£3OO-£408) to Clerk (£354-£444), Customs Dept.; R. A. Bird, Clerk (£3OO-£408) to Clerk (£354-£444), Customs Dept.

Transfers: E. M. Hawnt, Mechanic and Lines Foreman, Wau to Rabaul; A. B. Gilroy, Medical Officer, Madang to Rabaul; C. M. Pines, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Salamaua; G. H. McQueen, Medical Officer, Wewak to Madang; R. B. McVilly, Acting P. 0., Salamaua to Rabaul; C. G. Bowman, Clerk, District Services Dept., Salamaua to Rabaul; M. S. Edwards, P. 0,. Rabaul to Salamaua; A. A. Roberts, P. 0., Rabaul to Salamaua; T. G.

Aitchison, P. 0., Rabaul to Salamaua; L. G. Vial, P. 0., Rabaul to Salamaua; K. W. Bilston. P. 0., Rabaul to Wewak; C. W. Barnes, Clerk, District Services Dept., Rabaul to Kavieng; A. F. Kyle, Acting A.D.0., Wewak to Rabaul; C. H. Maclean, Clerk, District Services Dept., Kavieng to Salamaua; J. I. Merrylees, A.D.0., Rabaul to Kieta; H. E. Hamilton, Acting P. 0., Wewak to Rabaul; A. M. Ryan, Clerk, District Services Dept., Kavieng to Rabaul; W. McG. Pestell, Inspector, Agriculture Dept., Rabaul to Kavieng.

Temporary Appointments: Govt. Secretary’s Dept.: Miss V. Thwaite, Typist. Public Health Dept.: Miss J. M. Cox, Nurse. District Services Dept.: E. C. Arthur, Storeman, Wau; Miss E.

Page, Typiste, Kavieng; G. M. Broad, Clerk, Wau.

Public Works Dept.: L. J. S. Reid, Roadmaster, Madang.

Police Force Transfers: S. Reilly, Warrant Officer, 2nd Class, Wau to Salamaua; A. M.

Sinclair, Warrant Officer, 2nd Class, Rabaul to Kokopo; N. B. Blood, Warrant Officer, 2nd Class, Kokopo to Rabaul.

Miss Moira Hennessey, of Thursday Island, was married in December to Rev.

J. Housden, 8.A., L.Th., Hector of Darwin, Northern Territory.

Mr. William H. Carpenter, of Messrs.

W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd., arrived in Sydney from Rabaul by the Montoro on December 18, after a business visit to New Guinea. 57 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 19 3 6

Avoid Inert Creams

What woman does not sigh after this radiant freshness, this juvenile tint that excites admiration? CREME SIMON makes the skin lovely, —it is always active and is delicately perfumed.

For Perfect Beauty use

Creme Simon

also

Poudre Simon

(7 Shades), and

Simon Soap

MON PARIS Obtainable Chemists and Stores Sole Agents: Joubert €*• Joubert Pty. Ltd., Melbourne The Islanders’ Sydney Home ....

Location REEVE HE RE

81 Bayswater Road, Darlinghurst

Exclusive.

A fine house with its wealth of pleasant old associations.

The Garden Suites, designed on most modern lines.

Excellent grounds with beautifully kept gardens—and dotted with comfortable garden seats.

Private telephones if desired.

An atmosphere of rest and grateful quietness.

Ideal location.

Near White City Tennis Courts.

Seven minutes to G.P.O.

Close to Shopping Centre.

Trams stop at gates.

BELVEDERE is Controlled & Supervised by Islands People for Islands People TERMS: From £2/12/6 Weekly.

MR. & MRS. C. WAGER (late of Fiji), Proprietors.

Labor Omnia Vincit G.CI 29 BANCROFT AVENUE,

Roseville, N. Sydney

A Day and Boarding School on the beautiful and healthy North Shore, enjoying all the advantages of proximity to the capital combined with a bracing climate.

A new residence for boarders has just been completed, equipped with all modern conveniences, and allowing a larger number of resident pupils to be enrolled.

Pupils are taken from the earliest ages to leaving stage, and are under the personal supervision of the Principal. Arrangements may be made for the holidays, if wished.

Prospectus may be obtained upon application .

Principal, MISS I. DAVIES, 8.A., Dip. Ed.

Mr. W. R. Fell, Sub-Inspector in the Police Department of Western Samoa, sailed from Apia on furlough by the December Maui Pomare.

Fashion Hints for Islands Women By Therese CLOTHES for festive hours have all the poetry of motion. Floating, flying, rippling softly floorwards in drapes and cascades, there is beauty in every line.

Gracious and lovely, with a dignity all its own is the white satin evening gown endowed with all the charm of the golden age of Greece. Moulded with slim perfection, its graceful draperies fall softly to the floor, whispering glamorously of beauty concealed, yet subtly revealed.

A cape of fuchsia tulle over a gown of misty blue reaches ecstatic heights by the addition of a dusty pink flower tucked lovingly in its low decolletage. As a direct contrast to the billowing taffetas and floating tulles, the alluring mermaid gown of satin with trailing masses of tiny flowers from one shoulder to its hemline, moulds the figure to perfection.

Glamour and sophistication is in a long sleeved evening gown of lame, rich and supple, which swathes the body with intricate folds and lends superb dignity to the fortunate wearer.

A black taffeta spotted with red, adds a halter collar to its draped bodice. Slim fitting, its skirt is knotted to fulness at the back, billowing out to a mere suggestion of a train.

All the glorious colours of the old masters, make a gay pageant of glory for gala occasions—enchanting blues, brilliant scarlets, and imperial purples.

In these magnificent colours velvet, rich and lovely, lends itself regally to the beautiful draperies, in which past and present are blended with superb artistry.

The soft sculptured folds of the Sari gown are exquisitely expressed in satin, which so admirably replaces velvet for tropical wear. The Sari may spring from the waist, fall softly to the hem of the skirt, or drape itself over the head with all the glamour of the East.

A frock of georgette, its shoulder draped with a scarf that is a clever continuation of a belt, ripples with the cascade draperies of the skirt to the floor.

A lilac chiffon, with deeply draped armholes and soft bodice caught with a lovely old amethyst brooch, has a jewelled belt and simple flowing skirt that expresses joyously, the beauty and charm of the ingenue. An evening coat of amethyst taffeta with wide sleeves trimmed with frayed ruching is a romantic accompaniment.

Old-fashioned jewellery and a neat flower in the hair gives a quaint air of demure Victorianism to the picture frock.

Utterly simple and infinitely useful are the casual clothes that form the basis of the discriminating woman’s wardrobe.

Accessories lift them to dizzy heights and offer so many variations that one frock becomes many in the twinkling of an eye.

An appealing little frock for festive afternoons is of floral crepe-de-chene, with softly guaged frill at the high neck line. The guaging is repeated in the full elbow-length sleeves. For formal afternoon wear there is the gown with the soutache trimmed, elbow length raglan sleeve, its bodice tying with a cord at the neck line in contrasting colour, and its skirt softly gored.

A useful adjunct to the wardrobe is, the one-piece dress and jacket which has the appearance of a three-piece suit, because of its contrasting top. Much scope for colour contrasts is offered for the ingenious-minded in this delightful idea.

Quaker collars on simple two-piece jacket suits with short full skirts have frog fastenings on the jackets to strike a military note, even in spectator sports clothes. Odd jackets figured for plain frocks and vice versa, are used for evening wear as well as day time. Buttoned high to the neck, open to the waist, fitting or swagger, they are delightful.

The blouse and skirt idea is gaining in popularity. Many blouses, sober and frivolous, go with one well-cut skirt —-an excellent and economical fashion which extends to evening clothes, too.

Three peaks caught in whirls of rouleau trim the square neck of a frock, the bodice of which is fastened down the back with large buttons. Rouleau whirls trim the sash which tops a slim-fitting slightly flared skirt, A simple afternoon gown has a soft jabot caught at one shoulder and slipped through one of the very new raffia rope buckles at the V-neckline. Its sleeves are raglan set and two kick pleats make a bold bid for freedom of movement in the skirt.

Evening shoes copy the beautiful models from Spain, Italy, and Vienna. 58 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 193 6

(ilooil Mews for Women Going: 15aId “My hair was thin for years; it seemed as if nothing would ever make it grow , but after a few weeks it started growing Well again with KOKO, before I finished the first bottle."

Hope for Women with Dull Fading Hair! / “/ never knew I had such * pretty tints in my hair until I \ used KOKO. I find KOKO \ marvellous for making the hair wavy. Whilst imparting a glossy appearance, KOKO induces growth to quite a wonderful degree; it also seems to improve the color of the hair."

“KOKO is the best thing I know j for Dandruff. My | family have used it for years and would not be without it." (Voluntary testimony.) Chemists and Stores Obtainable in 3 Sizes.

Koko-Maricopas Co. Ltd.

“Civic House,” 479 Kent Street, Sydney, 'I N.S.W.

In The Heart

OF SYDNEY is« ANNOUNCEMENT. . .

PRIVATE HOTEL ISLANDS’ PATRONS of “CROWLE HOUSE” are informed that this well-known SYDNEY PRIVATE HOTEL is under NEW AND EXPERT MANAGE- MENT, and has been LAVISHLY RE-FURNISHED THROUGHOUT. Every convenience is available, including Hot and Cold Water in all Bedrooms, Electric Elevator, Laundries, Electric Irons, Pressing Rooms, etc. (Free Service).

Visitors holidaying in Sydney will find Comfort and Contentment at this conveniently situated Hotel. Excellent Cuisine.

TARIFF: Single Room. Bed & B’fast., 7/6 per day. 45/- per week.

Double Room. Bed & B’fast., 14/- per day. 84/- per week. Casual Meals 2/- each. 161 CASTLEREAGH ST.

J. C. HUGHES Proprietor Radios and Telegrams: "CROWL- HOUSE,”

SYDNEY.

For day wear there is the übiquitous court, the T-bar sandal, the Oxford, the flat-heeled brogue sport shoe, the square or round-toed shoe, made in suede or pin-grained leather, the sandal with slightly more toe than of yore, but almost heel-less and so on ad infinitum.

Gloves were never more beautiful. Soft gloves of kid and silk are worn for formal occasions and heavier hand-sewn gloves of washing leathers with tailored clothes.

Fashion dictates they must be either very short or very long and ruffled down the arm with a nonchalant air, the length depending entirely on the length of one’s dress sleeves.

Diversity is the keynote of the new millinery modes, and since winter is abroad many chapeaux come in military array to mark time with this note in day clothes. The horse-guards, the forage and the drummer-boy caps are all poached on to suit woman’s fickle whim. Then there are peasant caps, hats with square fronts like visors, and the plain, larger brimmed hats for the more practical minded. Whatever their style, however, they demand the perfect coiffure. For evening the locks may be caught in a jewelled Juliet cap, or bound With ribbon which ends on the top of the head with jaunty bow, or perches a little cluster of flowers flippantly over the brow.

Belts, fastening and trimmings are alive with interest. Belts come in gold and silver kid, bejewelled and plain, lame, metals, patents, plaited, and twisted rope dyed as one’s fancy decrees, coloured glass rings and a thousand and one other things all equally attractive.

Lightning fasteners oust buttons from their assured position, with laces following closely behind in the race for recognition. Frogs of brilliant braid make ideal fastenings.

Scarves and sashes gay the dullest toilette for both day and evening wear.

Bags are in skin, leather, wood, and fabric for day wear, while they are embroidered, feathered, brocaded, or jewelled for evening wear.

T.I.’S Gay Throng At

CHRISTMAS THURSDAY IS., January 2. rpHE arrival of the pearling fleet for the annual lay-up was the distinctive feature of Christmas at Thursday Island.

The coloured crews, many of whom are mission educated, were all ashore, some dressed in gay coloured Milanese shirts and khaki trousers, while others contented themselves with brightly-coloured lava lavas. Intermingled with these gay colours moved the more astute Japanese, and a sprinkling of Malay divers. The men of the white population wore tropical suits.

The crowd moved to Hodel’s general store, where a gigantic plum pudding yielded a toy for every child on the island.

Acute Water Shortage

The continued shortage of water for household use was everywhere apparent. White and coloured people were seen carrying water in kerosene tins, while carriers were working overtime trying to obtain water from wells in which the supply was quite unequal to the demand.

All private owners of wells are rationing the water, having placed locked covers on top of the wells, and opening them only at stated periods.

When the time for opening the wells arrive queues are formed.

Rev. A. Hardie, of Martinborough, New Zealand, has been appointed by the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand to take charge of St. Andrew’s Church at Suva, Fiji. The appointment is for three years, and Mr. Hardie will take up his duties at the beginning of March.

A Samoan Feast

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 14.

THERE was great excitement recently in the Faasaleleaga district of Savaii Island when on the beach between the villages of Faga and Sapapalii a school of large blackfish —all between 10 and 12 feet long—was stranded. There were six of the big fish, two of which managed to get away, but returned after some time. A huge crowd of natives soon gathered and the blackfish were attacked with axes and spears, and finally killed.

Then a real Samoan feast began. The huge carcases were cut up and the flesh distributed among all the inhabitants of the district. European traders and the Deputy Administrator at Tuasivi (Mr.

Robson) received a share of the booty.

The blubber was boiled and is now being used in place of kerosene for lighting purposes.

Hawaii’S Air Services

Simultaneously with the inauguration of trans-Pacific airplane service putting Hawaii within 17 hours of the North American continent, the Hawaiian Islands entered the seventh year of passenger plane service between Honolulu and the outlying islands.

Within several days of the arrival at Honolulu of the trans-Pacific Clipper, a “baby clipper” was delivered by steamer to be added to the Inter-Island Airways fleet.

This is the first of two new 16-passenger Sikorsky amphibions that will be added to the cross-channel service in 1936, making a total of six ’planes in the inter-island fleet.

During its six years of successful operation, Inter-Island Airways has carried 65,000 passengers between Honolulu and the “tourist islands”: Hawaii, Maui, Kauai; to the pineapple island of Lanai; and to Molokai with its vast pineapple, ranching and homestead projects. Its ’planes have flown 1,500,000 miles—equal to more than 60 times around the equator. As an indication of the increasing air-mindedness of both tourists and residents in Hawaii, airplane travel between the islands in 1935 showed an increase of more than 30 per cent, over 1934. Trips from Honolulu to all the islands are now daily, except Sunday. The longest hop is the flight from Honolulu to Hilo —two hours.

Mr. R. J. Vickers, headmaster of Apia Government School, departed from Samoa for holidays in New Zealand by the Maui Pomare on December 5.

Mr. C. M. Urquhart, wireless operator for Amalgamated Wireless (A/sia) Ltd., at Kieta, Bougainville, New Guinea, returned after short leave in Australia by the Malaita on January 9. He has been in the Territory as a radio officer for three years. 59 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

7f* /imjTVattrr The Ideal Sydney Home fc • ♦ ♦ hlands children SITUATED ON THE HEIGHTS OF THE BEAUTIFUL NORTH SHORE IN DELIGHTFUL, HEALTHY. OPEN SURROUNDINGS.

SUNNY ROOMS. SPACIOUS PLAYGROUNDS, TENNIS COURT.

GOOD FOOD AND ALL THE CARE AND COMFORT OF HOME.

Owing to the need for more accommodation “Tamarang” is now located at the new address, given below. lister i\cnnp Clinic. . .

House Mother: Mrs. G. Allnutt Assistant: Miss E. Allnutt Write to . . . + TAMARANG 8 Fidden’s Wharf Road, KILLARA, SYDNEY Tel.: JX 3089 Children suffering from paralysis, whose parents desire them to have the Sister Kenny Treatment, may be placed in the care of Mrs. Allnutt, at “Tamarang,” the Hostel being easy distance to the Royal North Shore Hospital, where the clinic is located.

The children will be well looked after in every way and receive every consideration necessary for their wellbeing and happiness.

O Pisci t cyb

Mowbray House School

CHATSWOOD, SYDNEY, N.S.W. (Established in 1906.) A Boarding School for Boys. Surrounded by spacious playing fields, on heights of the North Shore line.

The School Offers: A Home Atmosphere An Unrivalled Health Record A Sound Physical, Mental, and Moral Training.

The curriculum extends from the earliest stages to the Intermediate Examination, and provides a specially designed course of COMMERCIAL EDUCATION for boys entering a business career or work on the land.

Special provision is made to meet the requirements of boys from THE ISLANDS, which includes facilities for spending School Vacations at the School Country House.

Applications for enrolment in 1936 are now being received Illustrated Prospectus and Over-Seas Leaflet on Application.

Headmaster: L. Bavin

Housekeeping in the Tropics Conducted by “Dorothea"

Asia’s Supreme Dish The Art of Curry Making, as Practised in India Described by an Anglo-Indian 'T'O the East belongs the credit of pro- A ducing that mysterious dish, a perfect curry; yet everything that goes to the production of this distinctive food is grown in the British Empire—spices and condiments from British West Indies, India, Ceylon, Sierra Leone, and the United Kingdom; rice from Burma and Bengal; and flavouring vegetables, coconut, mangoes, tamarinds, etc., from all parts.

In countries where water is not safe unless boiled or filtered, currying food is possibly an unconscious hygienic institution, since many of the spices that are used in curry preparations are slightly antiseptic in nature; also, the method of cooking is especially well suited to meat that has to be eaten soon after it is killed, as is the case in India and tropical countries.

To the average housewife the finest secrets of a curry dish are rarely revealed; to her, often, it means only one thing—a quick means of using up the remains of a cold joint, and the net result is frequently a very hot and quite unappetising concoction. Curry, however, is not simply pieces of meat stewed in a gravy thickened with curry powder and flour.

As a matter of fact, although the Mussulman indulges in meat, game, fish, and fowl, the strict Hindu (who is a past master in the art of currymaking) is forbidden by his religion to partake of flesh; yet with the aid of ghee (clarified butter), vegetables, fruits, milk, spices, pickles, and the simplest cooking utensils, he manages to turn out curry dishes that few English cooks (even when experienced) could approach. His culinary apparatus frequently consists of a simple clay fireplace, a flat stone for grinding spices, etc., a pestle and mortar, an earthenware dish, a vegetable-cutter and knife, and the ingredients. But, with these simple implements, there are no limits to native ingenuity in preparing a curry.

True, the native has one advantage over the English cook at home, in that he is able to use all his ingredients in a green state, and is therefore able to vary the proportions of spices and condiments as he thinks fit—adding here a little more coriander seeds, there another pinch of ginger, and so on. If the British housewife at home desires, however, she, too, can vary her proportions of spices and condiments, since all are to be procured either in the grocery department of large stores, or among the drugs. Many housewives who have lived out East do mix their own curry powders and pastes in this way.

There are many brands of curry powders on the market and each is different in flavour. To many persons pastes are preferable to powders; this is largely a matter for individual taste.

Currying should not be looked upon purely as a means of reheating foods in a tasty way; that it does serve this purpose is admitted, but no curry dish prepared with cooked meat has the same flavour as one made with raw flesh, uncooked fish, or vegetables, etc. And this is one of the secrets of the Oriental dish.

It is always prepared with fresh food.

Generally speaking, white meats, poultry and fish, make better curry dishes than red meats; and the fruit and vegetable curries are equally excellent if well prepared.

Here is a recipe for mixing a real Indian curry powder, given in parts because Indian weights do not agree with ours.

Suppose 120 parts, of which coriander seed would be half (say |lb.): Coriander seeds, 60 parts; tumeric, 3 parts; cummin, 3 parts; fenugreek, 3 parts; mustard-seed, 6 parts; dried ginger, 6 parts; black pepper, 3 parts; dried chillies, 6 parts; poppy seeds, 6 parts; garlic, 6 parts; cardamons, 6 pp,rts; cinnamon.

Clean, dry, pound, and sift these ingredients and mix well together, then put into bottles and cork tightly. One tablespoonful is sufficient for a chicken curry.

Although these ingredients may be varied in proportion, the ratio of coriander seeds and tumeric should be well noted, as these are highly important in all curry powder preparations.

Tropical Recipes

Passionfruit Meringue

BEAT egg-whites tb a stiff froth and add gradually 2oz. sugar to each egg-white. Place in a bag made with greaseproof paper and force out into balls, or a rose tube may be used to make them a little more fancy. Bake in a very slow oven for about one hour, taking care they do not take colour. Press in the bottom of each meringue and fill with the following: Whip 60 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

There’S No Substitute

For Quality

Arnotts famous spicy fruit roll BISCUITS are really a most delicious combination of cake-like biscuit and a rich fruit centre made of carefully selected Australian fruits. They are popular, wholesome and appetising.

For a one-minute sweet of very attractive quality just pour hot milk or cream over Spicy Fruit Roll Biscuits —the delicious result will astonish you, and it is suitable to any meal of the day.

ARNOTTS FAMOUS

Spicy Fruit

ROLL BISCUITS Always ask your Grocer for Arnott’s

“They Are Better Than Ever”

quarter-pint cream with a little sugar until stiff, then add the pulp of four passionfruit. Join two together, and, if desired, a little plain cream may be piped around the join.—“Bittambo,” Tulagi.

Banana Pie

Make a pie crust in the usual way and line a pie plate with a layer of the pastry. Bake in oven until done. Make a mixture of three bananas, which have been mashed and then whipped with an egg-beater. Add 1 cup sugar, 1 dessertspoonful lemon-juice, pinch of salt, and two egg-whites which have been beaten separately until frothy. Pour this mixture into the pastry shell and bake in moderate oven 20 minutes. A sprinkling with some chopped nuts or cocoa-nut is a pleasant addition. This pie is better if eaten as soon as it is cooked.—“Bittambo,” Tulagi.

Baked Bananas

Fill a pie dish with sliced ripe bananas (cut lengthwise), then pour over same some strained coconut milk and bake in a good oven. —N.C.M.H., Fiji.

Tapioca Rissoles

Boil some fairly young tapioca (not too hard and woody), and mash same as you would potatoes.

Mix in some finely chopped up onions (spring onions will do if you have no others). Add a little seasoning and fry in the usual manner. The same can be tried with cooked unripe bananas, taro, or yams.—N.C.M.H., Fiji.

Tapioca Porridge (Or Sago)

Grate a tuber root of uncooked tapioca after well peeling it. Put about two inches of water or milk in a one-gallon saucepan. Bring to the boil. Then add the already-grated tapioca, with a little salt to taste and stir briskly for several minutes, so that the mixture won’t go lumpy. The resulting mass will be not unlike sago when cooked. It only takes a few minutes to cook, and should be stirred well to prevent from burning. When it has assumed a sago appearance it is done, and can be served with milk and sugar as porridge.

It could also be served as a dessert with stewed fruit. It needs some time to cool as it holds the heat. This is sufficient for two or three persons.

Tapioca should be well peeled by slitting the tuber from end to end with a knife. The point of the knife can then be inserted under the slit part and the skin lifted off. The skin is supposed to contain prussic acid, so that it is as well to see that it is well peeled.—N.C.M.H., Fiji.

Use Of Ghee

I always find ghee, 'coconut oil. or peanut .oil is more satisfactory to fry anything with than meat fat or dripping. These three do not “cling” to the mouth, as does dripping. Ghee is all right lf it nj ce and fresh—not that half-rancid stuff like lard. Also frying in oil would suit those who are vegetarians.—N.C.M.H., Fiji.

Best Way To Keep Stores

Keep potatoes, onions, etc., in a basket to prevent sweating; keep cheese wrapped in a cloth wrung out in vinegar, and it will not harden; keep eggs in a cool place, or hang in a wire basket. Keep salt in an earthenware jar, in a dry place. Keep yeast in either wood or glass.

Keep fresh lard in a tin vessel, and flour, oatmeal, etc., in a cool, dry place. Keep tea always in a tin caddy, bread in an earthenware jar, and butter m either enamel or chinaware, not glass.

Keep soap cut up the size required and allow to dry out it is much more economical to use Smabada,” Port Moresby.

Orange Pep

F°r tha t weary, all-gone feeling, the following will be found to be very helpful. Squeeze the juice of three or four oranges (more if there are plenty), strain, add a goodly teaspoonful of honey (not sugar), previously dissolved, a teaspoonful of lemon, then beat up separately the yolk (only) of a raw egg, strain, and add this to the orange mixture with a few drops of vanilla. Mix thoroughly and sip slowly in order to get the full benefit of this food-drink by mixing the saliva well with it. It is better taken without anything ea *‘ 9.5? a , day will kee P th e undertaker away.

Try it.—“Smabada,” Port Moresby.

It Happened One Day JOE, the cook boy for the labour, had just appeared at the back door of the homestead as was his usual custom. It was his job to report on the general health and well-being of the labour, and to make complaints, if any.

The wife of the plantation-owner had just emerged from the kitchen, after helping to prepare breakfast. She was a member of a wellknown Australian family—and a lady, too!

The conversation proceeded something like this- Good morning, Marama (lady)!” waS 0 ?” 1 morning ’ Joe! Wel1 ’ J° e ’ what do you “Me! I want some medicine for ’im!”

“For whom?”

“For ’im!” Then, with a wave of his finger in the direction of the labour lines. “For Tom! For ’im!”

“What is the matter with him, Joe?”

“Well, he got boil on bottom!”

N.C.M.H., Fiji.

Little Islanders Corner MANY interesting letters have arrived.

I do hope “Can Do,” in Wau, will have his wish realised, and ere long a troop of Boy Scouts will be found in that fascinating part of the Empire.

“Fijian Maid” writes very interestingly of Fiji and the adjacent isles; and another little lady from far-away Honolulu is indeed a lucky little girl to live in what the Americans call “the Pearl of the Pacific.”

John’s letter, from the canefields of Innisfail, Queensland, gives a touching incident about his pet—the big Alsatian. What a wonderful dog it must be!

Much love from “DOROTHEA.”

Dear Dorothea, —Well, here I am plucking up courage at last to write to you. We like up here, although it is pretty crook—no swimming. Last Sunday about_ 10 of us, with Dad, went out with some native “boys” to get some lawyercane; and is it sharp and tough? Dad reckons it is true to its name! Have you ever seen lawyercane? It has sharp prickles on the bark, and long feelers hanging on the vine, and if your clothes get caught on them, it is very hard to get loose. But it is tough and has many uses.

One of the “boys” climbed up the tree to get the cane and lost his hold and came an awful flop. We all laughed and so did his “one-talks.”

There is a good deal of talk here over a new industry, supposed to be starting soon, and that is the kunai grass for paper making.

Can you find me a pen-friend, either a boy or girl, about 16, interested in reading, stamps, and the Boy Scouts. We haven’t any Scouts here yet, but Dad reckons we will soon.

With best wishes, Dorothea; and Mum says she will send you some items next ship.

From your little friend, “CAN DO.”

Wau, New Guinea.

Dear Dorothea,—l’d like to join your corner, if I may, and write to you sometimes. Next year we are all going to Sydney on our way to London, and I am hoping to call in and see you.

Ho you know Fiji at all? It is a glorious spot, and the tropical beauty makes one wish never to leave it- I think the hibiscus is something every visitor to our islands remembers always, and if ever you come here never forget that you must not p * c k a flower from the hibiscus tree—it is regarded as very unlucky. At one plantation there are over 25 varieties and over 800 trees, you can imagine how lovely they look when in bloom, visitors being taken there to see the flowers in all their glory.

Another interesting tour is the inspection of the great sugar mills of the C.S.R. Of course you know that nearly all the labour employed here is 61 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

MELBOURNE HOTEL :: —. SUVA Centrally situated near Government offices. Opposite sea baths and bowling green. Excellent table.

Terms moderate. Best brands of liquor kept, including Hardy’s famous wines.

E. C. DOBELL Proprietor Suva’s Fashion Rendezvous WALTER HORNE & Co. Ltd.

Premier Drapers. Ladies’, Children’S

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Indian, and splendid workers they are, too.

I have a governess and am learning typing, shorthand, music and drawing, but I find the shorthand very difficult—although Father tells me it will come to me in a flash.

I will write again if you think my letter good enough for the P.I.M.

I am, yours sincerely,

"Fijian Maid.”

Suva, Fiji.

Dear Dorothea, —I’d like to join your band.

Although at present we are at Innisfail, I’ve lived in the Islands, and long for the day we can all go back. Innisfail is the home of the canefields, and although there are many Britishers and Australians here, there are many foreigners who even have their own newspaper printed in their own language. And it is hot, much hotter, than the dear Islands.

We were in Cairns some time ago and left behind our greatest pet—a big Alsatian, which Daddy had trained so well, and, although we cried at leaving him, what do you think happened last week? We were walking down the main street, and limping up the road was Rex. We simply couldn’t believe it, at first, then Daddy gave a special whistle which only Rex knew. He stopped, looked round, and when Daddy whistled again he came limping up and sprang on Daddy, licking his face and hands. We sat down in the gutter— wasn’t it awful? —and we cried, and I‘m sure Daddy had tears in his eyes, too. We took Rex home and bathed his feet and put pads on them, but no one can make out how he found us. He goes our messages when well. If we take him to a shop and say “butcher” or “grocer” he knows and never forgets which one to go to.

Some people dislike Alsatians, but Rex is half human, and so faithful to us all. One day, when he is better, I will get a snap of him and send it to you.

We all send you good wishes, and, please, may I write to you again?

Your little friend.

JACK GORDON.

Innisfail, Queensland.

Mrs. Ted Vowels, of Thursday Island, returned from a holiday visit to Australia by the Merkur in December. She was accompanied by her son Alec.

Mr. H. W. F. Robertson, who manages a Lever plantation near Gizo, in the Solomon Islands, arrived in Sydney on furlough in January. He is accompanied by his wife and daughter.

Father W. Weber, a young German missionary, who arrived in Sydney from Naples by the Orford on December 5, sailed for Kieta, New Guinea, by the January Malaita. He will spend the rest of his life in mission work on Bougainville Island for the Marist Order.

Future Government

OF FIJI Letter to the Editor.

SEVERAL letters in the Pacific Islands Monthly in regard to the Nomination v. Election question in Fiji, putting the case forward in favour of the nomination system, have a strong odour of officialdom. The man on the beach is at a loss to understand what all the fuss is about.

The. Secretary for the Colonies has asked or directed that before taking definite action the views of the community as a whole be ascertained. Now this seems a clear-cut command and one would think could be easily obtained by the simple course of a referendum. But for some obscure reason this course is not favoured by the powers that be, and all sorts of arguments are being brought forward against it.

In the first place, it is contended, the conditions in Fiji are such that a referendum would be of no avail, but no reason is given to uphold this view.

Then we are told that unless nomination is resorted to, a common electoral roll will result, and the Colony will be dominated by Indians. However, as this argument did not appear to be watertight, another bogey was introduced — that of the danger of half-caste control.

It is difficult to imagine how this idea originated, especially as the only halfcastes in any number in the Colony are of European-Fijian descent. Practically, the European-Indian half-caste is nonexistent, and as the European-Fijian half-castes are, it is well understood, whole-heartedly in favour of European and dead against Indian control, it is not easy to anticipate trouble from this source.

Now we find the Government (or, rather, the Governor) has caused a circular letter to be sent to each European elector asking him to advise the District Commissioner in his electorate either orally or in writing whether or not he is in favour of nomination, and also enclosing an extract of the Governor’s speech on the matter when addressing the members on the opening of the Legislative Council. This is considered by many to be an unprecedented and undesirable proceeding, and is not calculated to arrive at the true wish of the people, as there will be no secrecy and scores of electors will hesitate if not abstain from openly expressing their views.

It is generally believed that there is some ulterior motive on the part of the nominee advocates, beside the fear of a common roll or domination by either Indians or half-castes. But what it may be is carefully hidden.

Those in favour of the elective system hold as follows: The Legislative Council as at present constituted is clothed with sufficient power or authority to deal efficiently with the question of a common roll or any other which may crop up.

The fact of the Legislative Council 62 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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being a nominee chamber will not in any way alter or improve the outlook.

No British Government, no matter of what political brand, would hand over the control of the Colony, together with the interests of the Fijians, to any race of people other than Britishers of European descent.

The proper and only practical way of conforming with the command of the Secretary for the Colonies is through the ballot box —otherwise a referendum.

It would seem from present appearances that the Government are out to force, nolens volens, the nominee system upon the community, and many people hold the opinion that no matter what the views of the community may be some dodge will be resorted to to bring the nominee proposal into being.

I am, etc., RICHARD B. HOWARD.

Navua, Fiji, December 12, 1935.

B.N.G. Development Co.

FOR the year ended January 31, 1935, the British New Guinea Development Co., of London, which owns plantations in Papua, records a profit of £4,300, compared with a loss of £9,160 the previous year. Production of copra more than trebled to 2,300 tons, and rubber output increased slightly to 815.0001 b. A profit of at least £lO,OOO is anticipated this year.

To provide £287,100 to eliminate a debit of £8,520 on appropriation account, and write down assets in Papua to a level more commensurate with present conditions, capital is being written down by 60 per cent.

Mr. Carlton Younger, planter, of Cape Marsh, Solomon Islands, departed after furlough in Australia by the January Malaita.

Under Jury Rig

American Ketch Makes N.Z.

After Eventful Voyage AFTER an eventful 25 days' voyage in heavy squally weather, the 32ft. auxiliary ketch Idle Hour, under jury rig, arrived at Auckland (New Zealand) from Pago Pago (American Samoa) on December 18. The owner, Mr, Dwight Long, a young American University student, was accompanied by a Tahitian boy, Timi Tefaoora.

Leaving Pago Pago on November 23, the Idle Hour ran into steep cross swells and fierce squalls. While Mr. Long was taking in sail, heavy seas wrenched the tiller free and the little ketch yawed alarmingly. With a loud report the mainmast snapped off and, with all the rigging, came crashing down on deck, nearly knocking the native overboard.

With no canvas set at all the yacht wallowed helplessly in the seas. Waves broke over her deck and torrential rain added to the calamity. In the middle of the hurricane belt, with Auckland some 1,300 miles distant, and a broken mainmast, their prospects were anything but bright.

The ingenuity of the Tahitian boy, Timi, proved invaluable. In spite of the fact that the craft was like a* half submerged rock and rolling heavily, he managed, with the aid of a belt, to scale, in native fashion, up the 22ft. remaining of the mast, and lash a block and halliard to the top. With a little sail the ketch was put under way and the immediate danger averted.

Shortly afterwards the wind shifted right ahead, and the yacht was hove-to for three days. Conditions were changing daily, and strong easterlies drove the craft among a chain of barrier reefs. By practically heaving-to each night and sailing carefully by day, these were successfully navigated.

Once a huge sea crashed on board and took the craft on to her beam ends. Mr.

Long was washed from the cockpit and would have gone overboard had the native boy not made a dive and obtained a grip on his legs. From then on fair weather was experienced until nearing the N.Z. coast. 63 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Proposed C.I. Fruit

BOARD Native Growers Meet From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, December 29.

THE suggested Fruit Control Board has now taken definite form in the shape of an organised series of public meetings among native growers in the various districts. The first of these was held in Arorangi, Mr. Goodwin, Director of Agriculture, and a keen advocate of the proposed Board, being present by request to answer questions regarding the scheme.

Whilst agreeing that the industry was in a parlous condition, growers expressed fear on several points, principally that under the new arrangement it would be impossible to obtain their customary credit against future shipments, and that were the control of shipments removed from the local agents (who are also the storekeepers) the latter would press them unduly for past debts. A general timidity was also apparent in the attitude of speakers that the Administration might not approve of the Board.

Mr. Goodwin, after removing many of the doubts expressed, went on to point out that growers, through the Board, might perform all the services now n by the buying agents at a much smaller cost. He showed that whereas low prices are unavoidable when the market is bad, the market cannot possibly be called “bad” when —quoting a recent example—the price in New Zealand was 19/- per case of oranges, although the grower here only received 7/- a case. Growers would no doubt do better to market through their own Board and get for themselves the profits now going to the middleman.

At the conclusion of the meeting a petition to the Minister was read out and afterwards signed by the large majority of those present. A few growers did not sign, being chiefly influenced by a fear that should the Board be established its members would be nominated locally, instead of elected. Opposition to a nominated Board was general and unanimous at all meetings.

Four square behind the scheme are the smaller business houses and traders who do not act as fruit buying agents. To them the prosperity of the grower is allimportant, for on him their existence mainly depends and not, as is the case with four or five larger firms, upon the commission drawn by them on fruit bought for N.Z. distributors.

Twelve Hours In Sea

Fijians’ Feat of Endurance n n a * From Our Own Correspondent qTTVA np _ feUVA, Dec. 22.

P|ETAILS of the remarkable endurance 8 1 of a party of Fijians in the Lau Group have been received from Pastor W. G.

Ferris, of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission at Vanua Belavu. The natives, ineluding a woman with a six months’ old baby, spent over 12 hours in the water before they were rescued, following the capsize of their canoe.

“One night about 9 o’clock, we heard cries from a nearby reef,” said Mr. Ferris, “and launching our little boat, sculled in the direction of the shouting. It was dark and blowing a gale, but presently we found a woman in water almost up to her neck, and carrying a baby. We took her on board, and she told us that there were some men on the other side of the reef trying to save their upturned canoe. We went back later for the men and found them very much exhausted, with most of their clothes gone.

“They had left Cikobia in the morning, and had not gone far when a fierce wind tipped them over. With the child sitting on the upturned canoe, they just managed to keep afloat. Heavy seas had washed them along, and with difficulty they steered for our light after dark.

“Next morning they were sent on with a new outfit of clothes,” added Mr. Ferris, “but I do not think the captain will ever again tie the mainsail down in the teeth of stormy winds.”

Tiare Taporo Returns from Lower Cook Group RAROTONGA, December 1.

THE Tiare Taporo berthed at Avarua on November 26 after a round trip of the Lower Group. Church, State and Commerce were well represented on her limited passenger list, the Resident Commissioner (Judge Aysonj C.M.G.), Mr. McGruther (Resident Agent at Mangaia), Mr. Sam Rennet (manager for A. B. Donald and Co.) and Rev. H. Cater (L.M.S.) all being aboard.

Despite the scanty accommodation which this little vessel affords, she nevertheless remains a firm favourite with both official and non-official travellers, and there is no doubt that a great deal of her popularity is due to the courtesy and geniality of Captain Viggo Rasmussen. 64 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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AUCKLAND Island Traders :: General Merchants P.O. Box 1509 Cables and Telegrams: “Kingdom," Auckland Branches at- Rarotonga and throughout the Cook Islands At Papeete and throughout the Society, Marquesas and Paumotu Islands trading as “ETABLISSEMENTS DONALD. TAHITI 1 At Fiji: Trading as “Dominion Fruit C 0.,“ Suva Education of Pacific Races Conference to be Held in Honolulu SPONSORED jointly by the University of Hawaii and the Yale University (U.S.A.), a conference and seminar of Education in Pacific Countries will be held in Honolulu, Hawaii, from June 27 to August 7.

Its purpose is to offer to a select group of administrators, anthropologists, and scholars from the various Pacific territories the opportunity to study and discuss the racial, cultural, and educational problems which have arisen as a result of the modern contact of peoples. The seminar will provide occasion for educators to secure an interchange of experience in dealing with their problems.

The New York Carnegie Corporation has agreed to co-operate and assist in enabling the convention to achieve worthwhile results.

Membership of the conference will be limited to 50 and will consist of directors of education, school principals, social scientists, leaders in both government and mission work, and other vitally interested people. Representatives are expected from British, American, French and Dutch dependencies in the Pacific, and from Australia, China, Great Britain, India, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States.

Among those who have been invited to attend are: Dr. A. P. Elkin, Professor of Anthropology, University of Sydney, and Director of Anthropological Research, Australian National Research Council.

Professor Peter H. Buck (Te Rangi Hiroa), D. 5.0., M.D., Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, formerly of New Zealand.

Dr. Felix M. Keesing, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, formerly of the Research Staff, Institute of Pacific Relations.

E. W. P. Chinnery, Dip.Anth. (Cantab.), Government Anthropologist and Director of Native Affairs, New Guinea; also an educational leader from Papua. Or, as an alternative, F. E. Williams, M.A., Government Anthropologist, Papua; and an educational leader from New Guinea.

A representative of the Maori Schools Department, New Zealand.

Representatives of Fiji, Solomons, Tonga, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Malaya, Hongkong.

A representative of the Barstow Foundation, working in American Samoa.

Representatives of French Colonies in the Pacific, and of French Indo-Chine.

Dr. B. Schrieke, Director of Education, Netherlands East Indies, Professor of Social Anthropology, University of Batavia.

Dr. Francisco Benitez, Dean of the College of Education, University of the Philippines, Manila.

Arthur I. Mayhew, C.1.E., M.A. (Oxon.), Secretary of the British Government’s Education Committee, Colonial Office, London; formerly of the Indian Civil Service.

One representative from Japan, whose interests include colonial education.

Charles T. Loram, LL.B., Ph.D., Sterling Professor of Education, Yale University; formerly of South Africa.

Paul Munroe, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D., President of Robert College, Istanbul, Turkey.

James Y. C. Yen, M.A., Leader of Mass Education Movement, Ting Hsien, China.

Educational leaders of mission bodies in the Pacific.

W. Carson Ryan, Ph.D., Director of Education, United States Indian Service, Washington, D.C.

John Dewey, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Philosophy, Columbia University, U.S.A.

Hawaii’s representatives will include: Stanley D. Porteus, D.Sc., Professor of Psychology, Hawaii University; Frank E. Midkiff, 8.A., Director of the Waialua Community Project, formerly President of the Kamehameha Schools, Hawaii; Benjamin O. Wist, M.A., Dean of Teachers’ College, Hawaii University; Romanzo Adams, Ph.D., formerly Professor of Sociology, University of Hawaii.

The following are some of the questions with which the conference will deal: Comparison of educational problems and policies in the different Pacific countries.

The wider circumstances of racial and cultural contact from which the problems arise.

Is all human material equally educable, especially so-called primitive peoples?

Regarding minorities, shall education be directed towards encouraging indigenous development, or towards assimilating them into the dominant peoples ?

How far must local economic and other circumstances be a shaping and limiting force in education?

What of language difficulties? Higher education? Segregation or mingling of pupils from different backgrounds? Civic education for selfgovernment ?

Can some greater international collaboration be worked out in educational and related matters?

How best can anthropology, psychology, and similar human sciences contribute to the educator, administrator, and other practical worker?

Crusade Into Interior

Of New Guinea

Melanesian Mission’s Venture TWO young churchmen, Rev. W, R.

Castles (a New Zealander) and an Englishman who was recently ordained, have been chosen by the Bishop of Melanesia (Rev. W. H. Baddeley), who is at present in England, to commence work at the end of 1936 among the primitive tribes in Northern New Guinea.

Two other Melanesian missionaries, Rev. C. V. Voss, of Broken Hill, and Rev.

J. Barge, of Toowoomba, who are now in New Britain, have also offered to serve in this new area, and probably will be called on later.

This crusade will be financed by the supporters of the mission in England. A fund, with the object of raising £5,000, was opened early last year; at the end of December £1,700 had been subscribed.

Originally the Mission proposed to purchase an aeroplane for use in the interior, but the plans have been modified, and the churchmen will proceed to the area by Guinea Airways ’planes.

Interviewed in London, Bishop Baddeley said that the missionaries would probably fly to one of the farthest landing grounds, and then push on into the jungle and establish a base camp. Their real task would then begin, for they would be venturing into trackless and practically unknown country, where only a few of the natives, estimated at 200,000 strong, have met white persons.

“Our missionaries will be the first to penetrate this new territory,” he said.

“Their task will be difficult, but not more difficult than in the early days of the Solomon Islands mission, because the people are of similar type.”

Mrs. K. D. Bignell, of Fulakora Plantation, Ysabel Island, returned to the Solomons by the Malaita on January 9, after several months’ holiday in Sydney. 65 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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It’s a Paste Tropical Health Conference at Singapore PROBLEMS concerning tropical diseases and native hygiene in the Pacific and Eastern countries generally will be dealt with at the biennial conference of the Singapore Bureau of the League of Nations in February.

A two years’ health programme for the Pacific will be drawn up.

Australia’s representative will be Dr.

McCallum, of the Federal Health Department, who left Sydney in the Marella in January.

Mr. Keith Wade, of the Unevangelised Field Mission, died from malarial fever* at Midirl, Lower Fly River, Western Papua, on November 21.

Fortifications in Marshall and Caroline Groups League Inquiries and British Attitude BRITAIN’S inquiries of Japan regarding the reported fortification of Pacific islands under Japanese mandate (Marshalls, Carolines, Mariannes, etc.) have elicited from Tokio a denial that fortification is being carried out and an assurance that construction activities on the islands are confined to improvement of harbours.

It is understood that the matter will be allowed to rest there, as far as Britain is concerned, for the time being (says the London correspondent of an Australian newspaper).

Evidently British official quarters are not unduly apprehensive.

It is believed that fortifications would not be considered as constituting a threat to Australia, New Zealand, India, Singapore or Britain’s Far Eastern possessions.

British policy is being increasingly aimed at preserving the friendly relations of Britain and Japan, consequently the Government would almost certainly abide by the experts’ opinions unless political pressure compelled official action.

This attitude apparently also applies to Japan’s cotton concessions in Dutch New Guinea.

The Netherlands, one of the most active of the small League Powers, has championed the League’s cause largely in the interests of the Dutch East Indies, which it believes may one day become a major test case for the League’s system of collectivity. It is assumed in London that the Dutch would not have granted the concessions unless they were satisfied that they would in no way jeopardise peace in the Pacific.

The report of the League Mandates Commission reveals the full discussions of the alleged Japanese fortifications on the mandated islands in the Pacific. It appears that a German business-man named Richard Voigt, long a resident of Japan, who visited a mandated island for health reasons, complained to the League of “intolerably vexatious and suspicious supervision.” He said that he was watched night and day, and continually interrogated by the police.

Voigt did not conceal his belief that the reason he was shadowed was fear that he would pry into “public works” which actually were fortifications.

Other allegations against Japan, which the commission considered, related to the enormous increase in munition imports to the mandated islands.

The commission decided that the contradictory reports with respect to the Japanese actions in the Pacific were disturbing, and that the uneasiness would continue while impartial and independent witnesses were not freely allowed to visit the islands.

Subsidised Shipping

N.Z. Government’s Attitude SPEAKING at Wellington on December 18 the Hon. P. Fraser (Minister for Marine) gave an indication of the probable attitude of the new N.Z. Labour Government in dealing with the problem of subsidised shipping in the Pacific.

“We have to consider as a domestic duty to our own people how we can maintain our ships trading across the Pacific and the Tasman,’’ he said.

“We want to be fair to all concerned, J)ut in our desire to be fair to others we are not going to be unfair to ourselves and our own country. That will be the view the Government will take.

“We ask for the help and assistance of all concerned, even those who, perhaps unconsciously, may be the means of making things difficult for us.”

Dr. Edwin Degolia, of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, left San Francisco, U.S.A., by the Monterey on January 7 for Hawaii and Suva, to study health conditions in the Pacific. “Ways must be found for humanity to live with security in the tropics with freedom from diseases,” he declared, “because ultimately the tropics must provide the foodstuffs to replenish the depleted supplies from the remainder of the world.” 66 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 193 6

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Sole Agents for Mandated Territory: Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., Rabaul, New Guinea. m m K K K K i What are New Guinea's Chief Needs?

Communications and Indentured Labour Suggested '\VTHY is more capital not being invested * ’ in New Guinea in agricultural enterprises ?

No country in the world has a richer soil or a wider variety of soil. Every kind of climate can be found, from the heat and humidity of the coastal belt to the comparatively temperate conditions of the high inland plateaux. It is a country of abundant rainfall. richly watered, and its coast is broken everywhere by deep harbours.

Mr. George H. Murray, Director of Agriculture in New Guinea, who has just returned from a world tour, discussed that question in various countries abroad; and he told the P.1.M.. in the course of a conversation in Sydney, that there appeared to be two main difficulties which discouraged the investment of capital in planting enterprises. One is the absence of roads, connecting the fertile inland plateaux with the coast; and the other is the absence of any guarantee relating to an adequate supply of labour.

Mr. Murray said that the manager of one company, who apparently was interested in New Guinea’s possibilities, pointed out that while the agricultural merits of the Ramu and similar plateaux were recognised, nothing could be done to develop them until there was road connection between those rich uplands and the ports of New Guinea.

Another man. widely experienced in tropical agriculture, declared that the primary industry of no country could be adequately developed by depending on the indigenous population alone for a labour supply. It was recognised that the New Guinea natives were good labourers: but it was believed abroad that this labour supply was limited and not reliable. Mr.

Murray was told that no big company would enter New Guinea to establish new planting enterprises unless it were permitted to bring in adequate supplies of indentured labour, such as the dependable Tamils of India, or the Javanese. These men might not be so strong as the majority of the New Guinea natives: but they were steady, industrious workers and could be relied upon to carry out the work as it was planned. Tamils were employed in Malaya and elsewhere in agricultural work for 40 cents (5d.) per day and found; and they were quite contented under these conditions and saved part of their wages for transmission to their relatives in India.

Mr. Murray remarked that, so far as he was aware, there had been no official pronouncement of policy regarding the employment of this form of indentured labour in the Mandated Territory, but that obviously the whole matter would have to be considered by the New Guinea Administration and by the Commonwealth Government before any plan which contemplated the use of Asiatic labour could be formulated. He felt, however, that New Guinea was so big and so rich a country that large scale developmental enterprises were bound to be formulated in the near future: and these two main questions— indentured Asiatic labour and communications —would then apparently have to receive official consideration.

“This matter of the development of New Guinea may also have to be considered from another angle,” remarked Mr.

Murray. ‘‘While I was in England I was surprised to note the amount of discussion that was going on on the subject of the return to Germany of the colonies which she lost in 1914. The matter is being discussed as an abstract principle and not in regard to any particular colony or territory, but it stands to reason that, if and when there is to be a revision of all these mandates, the amount of developmental work that has been done by the mandatories will form an important item of consideration.”.

Buka “Fanaticism” Leader Imprisoned From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, December 28.

AFTER a lengthy search on Buka Island, Patrol Officer J. A. Costelloe captured the native Sanapo, who was the ring-leader of the recent outbreak of religious “fanaticism” in Northern Bougainville. He was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to two and a half years’ imprisonment.

Natives in the Buka area are now quiet, and further unrest is not expected. 67 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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Prince’s Highway, St. Peters, N.S.W.

Code: A.B.C. sth Edition Telegraphic and Cable Address: “Fosterion,” SYDNEY

Pacific Mining

REPORTS From Fiji EAST REEFS CONSOLIDATED N.L.

PROSPECTING licences for an additional 250 acres on the eastern boundary ol the property at Fiji have been granted to East Reefs Consolidated N.L. The directors have allotted for cash 500 shares paid to £3 a share.

The following is the last report received by mail; —Prospecting being confined to channel of blue andesite 200 ft. wide, running approximately 35-38 deg. N.E. and S.W. Between No. 1 and No. 2 tunnels encouraging surface prospects obtained in 14 out of 18 dishes. Will be tested by No. 2 tunnel at approximately 200 ft. from entrance. No. 2 tunnel clear of slide. In settled blue rock.

Looking for continuation of this channel, a track was cut N.W. from No. 3 tunnel. Good prospect was found some 25ft. from entrance of No. 3.

Another at 280 ft. At top of ridge 617 ft., about 230 ft. vertical, above No. 3, most encouraging dish prospect secured. Trench here uncovered decomposed capping of lode material. No. 4 tunnel being driven to test this at approximately 100 ft.

Height of this capping above No. 3 is 300 ft. Between Nos. 1 and 2 tunnels at 200 ft. from No. 2, formation met in trench 12ft. deep. As slope is steep here, a tunnel. No. 5, will be driven. Distance to crown of hill, 220 ft. This tunnel will be driven S. 38 deg. W. in lode material. At request of mine manager, who states he has sufficient work to keep an assayer busy five days a week, arrangements are being made to send a competent man.

LOLOMA (FIJI) G.M. N.L.

The directors of Loloma (Fiji) Gold Mines N.L. have received advice from the company’s solicitor in Fiji that the Governor has approved of the issue of two leases covering the whole of the area comprised in the prospecting licence acquired by the company. Application is now being made to consolidate both leases.

High values were reported on December 19 at Tavua, in the branch drive off the crosscut at 195 feet in the adit. A progress report is as follows: Adit to 198 ft. Last sft. averaged 2)4 dwt. a ton.

Xcut at 195 ft. into hanging wall to 19ft. Average value, first sft., 11 dwt. a ton. Branch drive in xcut, at 18ft., to 33ft. Last 20ft., average assay, 13 oz. 6 dwt. a ton. Main shaft: Timbering completed to plat. Xcut commenced, towards lode, in 15ft. No. 1 shaft sunk 78ft. on hanging wall. Last 14ft. averaged 4)4 dwt. a ton. No. 2 shaft sunk 80ft. Last sft. averaged 5)4 dwt. a ton. No. 3 shaft sunk 86ft. Last 13ft. averaged 2 oz. 3 dwt. a ton.

EMPEROR MINES LTD.

Values being proved by the Emperor Mines Ltd., Tavua, Fiji, in continuing developmental work continue satisfactory. The following progress report was received in January:—No. 1 xcut: W. winze sunk 37ft. Average assay value, 20 dwt. a ton.

E. winze sunk 36ft. Average assay value, 4 dwt. a ton. No. 8 xcut: E. winze sunk 28ft. Average assay value 4 dwt. a ton. No. 10 xcut: W. winze sunk 32ft. Average assay value, 25)4 dwt. a ton.

GRANITES DEVELOPMENT N.L.

Cabled advice has been received in Melbourne from Suva, Fiji, by the management of Granites Development N.L. that the company’s prospector has brought in samples of ore yielding 19 dwt. of gold a ton, together with high contents of silver and copper. The field superintendent has been instructed to check up on and sample this new find, and his report will be available shortly.

It is understood the company has under consideration the acquiring of an option over another goldmining property.

ALOHA ALLUVIALS N.L.

Directors of Aloha Alluvials N.L. have returned to shareholders the balance of the unexpended funds, representing a final distribution of 13/9 a share. The total funds available for distribution were £BB5O. An amount of £3 a share had already been paid, making a total distribution of £3/13/9 in respect of each £5 contributing share. As the whole of the assets have been distributed the existence of the company is automatically terminated. Aloha Alluvials was an offshoot of the spectacular Aloha Company (Fiji), and on June 17 last the shares, which had been as high as £l7, collapsed from £9/10/- to £2/10/- in a few minutes, following the rejection of the area by Mr. E. T. Lewis.

TAVUA GOLD DEVELOPMENTS LTD.

Official quotation has been granted by the Stock Exchange of Melbourne to 280,000 shares of 5/each, fully paid, in the Tavua Gold Developments Ltd., operating at Viti Levu, Tavua, Fiji.

The company advises that the report for the week ending January 4 was: —No. 5 bore on P.L. 209 now down 710 ft. in country rock; No. 3 drill No. 2 bore now 25ft. Erecting drill on P.L. 222.

The face of No. 5 tunnel assays 2dwt.

ALOHA CENTRAL G.M. N.L.

The following report was received in Melbourne by Aloha Central Gold Mines N.L. on January B:—Tavua, Fiji, 7th.—No work across creek, labour shortage. No. 1A shaft; E. xcut to 6ft. Lode 3ft.

Traces. S. drive to Bft. Face 26 dwt. No. 17 E. shaft, lode 3ft., value 6 dwt. Nos. 9E, HE and 2W still lode. Values, 6 dwt., 16 dwt. and 8 dwt. respectively. No. 3 bore to 169 ft. From 51 to 53 ft., 1 dwt. 12 gr. Traces to 125 ft. From 125 to 130 ft., 18 gr. Here shows lift, lode untested.

Beyond 136 ft., slow progress, owing to core jamming, causing frequent withdrawals and breakage of pump. Now remedied. —J. Rowe, mine manager.

From Papua GOLD MINES OF PAPUA LTD.

Cabled advice was received in December from Gold Mines of Papua Limited that owing to an accident to the metallurgist it will be necessary to close down the treatment plant on Woodlark Island, Eastern Papua, for approximately six weeks.

CUTHBERT’S MISIMA GOLD MINE LTD.

A clean-up made on December 23 from 18 days’ run showed that 1020 tons of ore had been treated, yielding 865 ozs. Estimated value is £1,775 in Australian currency. In future the clean-up will take place on the 23rd of each month.

GUINEA GOLD N.L.

A wireless message has been received by the secretary of Guinea Gold N.L. in Adelaide, from Mr. G. S. Dyer, the company’s field superintendent in Papua, advising that he has now moved to the Nepa areas, as he has abandoned the other claims.

Lakekamu Goldfields (Papua)

DEVELOPMENT N.L.

Directors of Lakekamu Goldfields (Papua) Development N.L. report that, following on the completion of the boring programme carried out on areas held under option by the company in Papua, and after careful consideration by the board of the report furnished by Mr. R. A. Clitaton, it has been decided not to exercise the options.

Following the New Year vacation a meeting of shareholders will be convened to consider the future of the company.

This company, of which the directors were Sir Robert Knox and Brig.-Gen. E. A. Wisdom, was formed in January, 1935. It has a paid up capital of 3000 shares of £5 each, and it took an option from Tiveri G.D. Co. Ltd. (Hinks, Sefton and Smith) over five dredging claims known as the “Twisty” area of the Lakekamu field.

The £5 shares, soon after they were listed in March, 1935, went to the ridiculous figure of £37.

Then speculators began to sober up, and the price fell steadily. When the Stock Exchange closed, just before Xmas, there were sellers at 60/-, but no buyers.

NEW MISIMA GOLD MINES LTD.

Mr. F. W. Cuthbert, managing director of New Misima Gold Mines Limited, reported on December 3 that for the month ending November 30, 398 tons of ore were put through the mill, yielding 294 tons of sand and 104 of slime for gold bullion of approximate value in Australian currency of £2400. Monthly dividend, number 49, of 2/- per share was declared payable. The mine, together with the crushing and cyanide plant, has now been sold to a new company, Cuthbert’s Misima Gold Mine Limited, for £95,000, of which £75,000 is in cash and £20,000 in fully paid up shares in the new company. New Misima Gold Mines Ltd. will now go into liquidation and the cash and shares will be distributed to shareholders as soon as the necessary legal formalities have been complied with. 68 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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S. J. & E. FELLOWS, LIMITED From New Guinea EDIE CK. GOLD MINING CO.

At the annual meeting held in Melbourne on December 16 of Edie Creek Gold Mining Co. N.L., New Guinea, the chairman of directors (Mr, E.

Ward) referred to the Edie Development N.L., the new company which will take over the assets and liabilities of the existing concern. Capital will be £60,000, in 120,000 shares of 10/- each.

For each £lO share held, shareholders will icceive 20 fully paid shares, and have the right to apply for 100 contributing shares, payable 1 /on application. Mr. Ward urged shareholders to support the new company to enable it to carry on. He emphasised that the general manager (Mr. H. Taylour) and Mr. J. M. Spence, mining engineer, had favourably reported on the prospects.

ENTERPRISE OF N.G.

In the period from November 17 to December 6 activities of Enterprise of New Guinea, N.L., have centred principally on the construction at Surprise Creek of a water-race approximately three miles long. Good progress has been made, but the work has been hampered by frequent heavy rains, and a shortage of native labour. At the close of the period five Europeans and 105 natives were engaged on the work.

SUNSHINE GOLD DEVELOPMENT LTD.

For the period December 11, 1933, to June 30 last, Sunshine Gold Development Ltd., New Guinea, expended £14,818 on mine property account, £9353 on prospecting and development account, and £919 on formation expenses. At the close of the term there was a surplus of liquid assets of £14,483. Sluicing operations on the consolidated claims are expected to start in February.

The yardage of proved ground is 2,129,000 yards, having an estimated recoverable value of over £401,000, Australian currency. Owing to the exacting nature of the race construction it has not been possible to test the value of the balance of the claims, and the additional land taken up, which increases the area of the claims to 222 acres. The directors expect to obtain an appreciable additional volume of payable wash from these areas. Before undertaking sluicing operations on the undaunted claim, the general manager recommends further testing. Offers to purchase this claim, and for working it on tribute, have been made. These offers have not been entertained.

After considering the results obtained from scout drilling on the Oro River property the directors have decided to relinquish the property. Drilling on the Sunshine claims is proceeding, progress being somewhat slow on account of the hard nature of the compacted nature of the wash. It is expected the testing of these claims will be completed before the option expires in June next.

Gold Prospecting And Development

(NEW GUINEA) N.L.

A cablegram has been received by Mr. K. W.

Steedman, manager of Gold Prospecting and Development (New Guinea) N.L. from the contractor on Tatau Island (New Guinea) advising that the main shaft has been sunk 60 feet and is still in lode formation, with the gold content improving.

The contractor added that there are people from Australia not connected with the syndicate, looking at the field.

GUM RIVER DEVELOPMENT N.L.

After the report of gold found in every dish, by Mr. J. M. Spence, in the original inspection of the Gum River Development N.L. properry near Madang, New Guinea, there is disappointment for shareholders in Mr. J. B. Du Faur’s report that the area is unpayable and that he recommends its abandonment. To the credit of the promoters, however, the proposition has been put forward only as a speculative chance right from the outset. It was clearly pointed out that whether or not it contained values was only to be determined by examinations.

Mr. Spence’s report was commendably clear on this point. “I dish tested the river beaches at numerous points and in all cases got colours of gold, some prospects were very fair, but this cannot be taken as an indication of the average value on the property, as it may simply be a concentration caused by floods, and at no time can dish testing give anything like a true indication of values,” he said in the prospectus. “Drilling will be the only logical way to prove values.”

Mr. Du Faur has suggested examination of another area in New Guinea which may contain 40 million yards of 13 grain ground. It is understood that the company has preserved about onehalf of its original capital intact, and that as Mr.

Du Faur is already in New Guinea, the cost of examining the new area will absorb the equivalent of only about 3d. a share.

The public issue was 20,000 shares of 4/-; ven-* dors received 24,000 shares as part consideration, and £5OO cash (the assets purchased included also 10 shares of £5 fully paid in Gum Heights Syndicate) ; vendors took up a further 12,000 shares at 3/4 each and 69,000 shares were held in reserve.

MOROBE ALLUVIALS N.L.

The directors report that official quotation has been granted by the Stock Exchange of Melbourne to 130,000 shares of 10/-, paid to 5/-, in Morobe Alluvials N.L., Wau, New Guinea.

Sandy Ck. Gold Sluicing

The mine manager of Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Limited reported on December 24 that as a result of preliminary work opening out paddock, etc., he has recovered 330 z. gold. New flanges will be fitted to the pipes during the holidays to prevent delay in further sluicing operations. The directors state that Mr. Winters has just returned after spending over two months at Sandy Creek, and reports that he is well satisfied with the result of his further examination of the property.

A report of his inspection will shortly be circulated to shareholders.

On January 11, the mine manager reported that for the week ended January 8, he recovered 730 z. of gold from 2,175 cubic yards of gravel treated.

UPPER WATUT GOLD ALLUVIALS N.L.

The directors of Upper Watut Gold Alluvials N.L. made a call of 1/- a share, on January 8.

This was the third call made by the company, and brought the shares to their fully-paid value of 5/each. Paid capital is now £200,000. The property, which is situated in New Guinea, was recently inspected by Mr. G. Annesley, an American engineer, who expressed the opinion that, with proper management, and the right equipment, the area could not fail to be a regular producer and a constant dividend-payer. The constructional programme on the company’s property on the Upper Watut River, in New Guinea is well advanced, and is in accord with the time schedule arranged at the inception of the work. Installation of a hydro-electric power plant and construction of a race line to convey water from Big Slate Creek to the power station is proceeding. As the Big Slate Creek has a catchment area of about 50 square miles, and the district rainfall ranges from 40 to 103 inches annually, an ample supply of water is assured. The water will be diverted by a weir to the race which will be three and a half miles long and lined with concrete. Finally, the water will be discharged into a surge tank 270 feet above the power station.

Welded steel pressure pipes will then be used to convey the water to the power house. At present about 60 Europeans and 300 natives are being employed. A contract has been let for the supply of two sets of turbines and generators of 620 h.p. each, and provision is being made for the installation of a third unit at a iater date. The first instalment of the treatment plant will consist of 12in. pressure pumps and monitors and lOin. gravel pumps mounted on pontoons, and will be capable of handling 1,000,000 cubic yards of wash annually. The material will be delivered to sluice boxes, which will be equipped with the latest goldsaving appliances. It is expected that production will begin next June, and that prospectus estimates will be fully attained.

Upper Sepik Gold Syndicate

Directors of Upper Sepik Gold Syndicate N.L., New Guinea, have granted to Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. an option of purchase until February 28 over seventeen acres of river flats, comprised in lease No. 361, which is held under option to the syndicate. The consideration on exercising of the option is £2,000. The ground is not suitable for sluicing, and at a recent meeting of the board of Upper Sepik Gold Syndicate N.L., Mr. L. V.

Waterhouse, a director of the Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd., stated that it was the intention of his company to dredge this ground, together with the adjoining flats recently taken over from Bulolo Gold Deposits.

The legal manager (Mr. K. W. Steedmann) has received advice from Messrs. Spence and Smith, consulting engineers, of Wau, that Mr. J. M.

Spence is personally engaged on his final check testing of lease No. 351, which is situated about four miles from Wau, New Guinea, and is under option to the syndicate. This area has been tested

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Cubic yards .. 958,000 811,000 615,000 Bullion, oz .. 16,079 14,087 9,632 Gold, fine, oz .. 11,186 9,723 6,774 VALUE— Aust. Currency* .. .. £97,877 £85,076 £59.272 Per cub. yard /24.52 /25.17 /23.16 Working profit .. £71,820 £63,166 £42,892 * At £A8/15/- per fine ounce.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Alluvial— Fine gold, oz 1,132 959 917 Fine silver, oz 851 713 668 Mill (Golden Ridges) — Fine gold, oz 1,612 1,709 1,175 Fine silver, oz 1,025 1,056 723 Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Estimated profit— Alluvial £4,499 £6,091 £5,073 Mill 8 540 8,366 7,607 . A. .H Alt It

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ASSAYS are assured to producers and sellers of gold bullion who forward their consicmments to The Electrolytic Refining and Smelting Co. of Aust. Ltd. for treatment and realisation.

RECORD PRICE.— On 6th March, 1935, this company paid to its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine ounce, which is the highest price ever paid for gold in Australia.

SPECIALLY ORGANISED SER- VICE is available to clients in New Guinea, Fiji and other Pacific Island centres.

Address consignments from outside Australia to the Company’s Sydney office.

Weighing a Pacific Islands consignment of gold bullion at an E.R. & S. receiving office.

The Electrolytic Refining & Smelting Co.

OF AUSTRALIA LIMITED.

Melbourne: Works: Collins House. Port Kembla, N.S.W.

Sydney: 25 O’Connell Street.

Purchasers and Refiners of Gold, Silver, Copper in any form BANKERS.—The English, Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd. by Mr. H. Williams, the syndicate’s engineer, and is said to contain a large quantity of payable wash.

It will be the basis for the flotation of a major operating company. It is expected that the directors will shortly announce details of the company to be formed to work the property.

KINANTIE GOLD N.L.

To operate leases in New Guinea, Kinantie Gold N.L. is being formed in Melbourne with a nominal capital of £60,000, in 120,000 shares of 10/- each.

For subscription, 80,000 shares are being offered at 5/- on application and allotment; the vendor and promoter will receive 16,500, fully paid, in part consideration, and 23,000 will be held in reserve.

The cash consideration is £9,000, of which the owner will receive that amount, and 8,000 fully paid shares. To acquire adjoining properties, 1,500 shares have been provided. No. 1 lease is at the junction of Ornapinka Creek with the Ramu River, and up the creek for more than five miles, and No. 2, the Yonka, flowing into the Ramu. The first • lease is of 180 acres, and the second is 5281 yards long, by a width of 2)4 chains. Arrangements have been made to peg an extra lease of value, at the junction of Yonka Creek. This portion comprises approximately 54 acres of flats and terrace.

The wash is favourably situated for ground sluicing. The estimated yardage proved is set down at 800,000 yards, with a recoverable value, estimated at 5/- a cubic yard, of £200,000. The cost of working is given at £70,000, leaving a working profit of 1/9 a cubic yard, or £130,000. The output of sluicing is estimated at 200,000 yards per annum, and the working profit £32,500. The directors are Sir Stanley S. Argyle, and Messrs A. R. Dodgson and A. G. Campbell, Mr. H. S.

Archdall, 422 Collins Street, Melbourne, is the legal manager.

Oriomo Explorations Limited

The chairman (Mr. E. L. Walter) of Oriomo Explorations, Ltd., addressing shareholders at the annual meeting on December 23, said that the expectation of gold-bearing gravels in the consolidated areas in the Mandated Territory now attached to about 16 acres of river beds and 80 acres of terraces. Boring had shown that the value of the areas would depend on the value and yardage of the southern portion of the river terrace gravels to which the plants were transferred, and where boring commenced on November 13. Line 19 was discontinued after three bores, and showed an average value, at £AB an ounce, of 3/- per cubic yard for an average depth of feet.

Line 21 increased the difficulty in evaluating the area, for holes 44, 40, and 34 feet deep gave values of approximately 20/-, 7/2, and 8/9 per cubic yard respectively. Three other bores put down on the same line to a depth _ of about 18 feet averaged less than 1/- per cubic yard. The value of the area depended upon the frequency of the richer concentrations, and additional close boring might be necessary to show reliable values.

The company has options over approximately 2000 acres of alluvial ground in the Mandated Territory, New Guinea, stated the directors, in their annual report. The result of the work of Mr. M. Milstein, a geophysicist, indicated five drilling areas, covering approximately 1100 acres, and estimated to contain 59,000,000 cubic yards. The best prospects were contained in two areas which, combined, contained approximately 33,000,000 cubic yards.

Expenditure for the twelve months ended August 31 was £4,669. At the close of the year there was a surplus of liquid assets of £23,002, excluding shares in other companies valued at £2.494.

BULOLO GOLD DREDGING LTD.

Production of the four dredges of the Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd., for December compares with that of the previous two periods as follows: No. 2 Dredge which shut down on November 25, resumed operations on January 1.

NEW GUINEA GOLDFIELDS, LTD.

The monthly returns of production and estimated profits of New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., are as follows : The first clean-up at the Edie Creek mill will be made at mid-February.

Morobe Goldfields Report For October THE following extracts are taken from the report submitted to the Administrator of New Guinea by the Warden ,of the Morobe Goldfields at the end of October: — Gold Export: —Gold and silver exported amounted to 31,606 ounces valued at £A186,427.

Geological Survey; —During the month the patrol through the Langimar and Kareeba River areas was completed and reconnaissance surveys were made in the Bulwa area. Two additional survey parties commenced operations in the localities of Sandy Creek and Upper Edie Creek respectively.

In all, four complete parties are now operating upon surveys of mining tenements.

Mining Conference: —On October 19, a meeting of technical persons interested in mining activities on the field was convened and well attended. The draft Regulations to Mines and Works Regulations Ordinance 1935 was considered, and discussed in detail.

Upper Golden Ridges: —The deposit of manganese ore being developed by New Guinea Goldfields Limited at Upper Golden Ridges is opening up very encouragingly. The Company has already completed the construction of a “Flying Fox” for transporting ore to Golden Ridges mill for treatment.

Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd.: — Having completed, the installation of their hydraulic elevating plant, the Company turned on the water on October 22. This plant will not be working at maximum output for some time until modifications to pipe line fixtures and layout are effected.

N.G. Goldfields Ltd.:— The Company is making excellent progress with the installation of a stamper battery and metallurgical treatment plant in the vicinity of No. 4 Shaft at Edie Creek. This plant will be in operation in November.

Sunshine Gold Development Ltd.: —Ditching was in progress on the Baiune Water Race between the Inverted Syphon and the Water Race Intake.

The ditching over this miles section is almost completed except for completion of bye wash cuts and the fitting of water race gates, fluming and erection of weir. About 120 tons of plant including 30in., 24in., 18in., and llin. diameter pipes and hydraulic elevating plant was transported from Bulwa Drome. Drilling and pitting operations Were underway on the Sunshine Leases. Drilling operations ceased on the Ono Leases and the drilling equipment was removed to the Sunshine Leases. 14 Europeans and 285 natives were engaged on the Co.’s various operations.

Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd. : -Sluicing was carried 'on continuously. Two sets of sluice boxes were in use. and two monitors were in operation. Operations

Mid-Nov.

Mid-Dec.

Mid-Jan.

Aloha Central ... b£9/10/b £4/-/b£4/10/- Bulolo Deposits .. blO^d b8d blOd Bulolo G.D b£7/19/b £8/2/b£8/-/- Day Dawn (Sth.) b2d hld bld Edie Ck s£3/S/- — Emperor Co b20/b!6/3 blS/11 Enterprise of N.G. b67/6 b67/6 b£3/10/- Fiji Corp s£9/-/b £8/10/b£9/-/- G.M. of Papua ... bl3/6 bl2/9 bl3/- Goldmines of Fiji b£10/-/b£4/10/- Guinea Gold s20/ sl9/7 sl7/9 Koroere sl7/bll/6 b6/ll Loloma b36/b 32/b35/3 Mineral Dev b2/9 bl/Il bl/9 Mt. Kaindi (pd.).. s6d b2d bid Mt. Kasi b!6 /4'/i bl3/9 bl4/8 Mt. Lawson b£26/-/b£ 26/15/b£26/-/- New Morobe b£3/15/s£4/-/s£4/10/- N.G.G. Ltd b6/l b5/10 bS/6 Oil Search s4/b3/6 b3/9 Oriomo Exp b3/6 b4/3 b3/3 Placer Dev b £5/1/6 b £4/19/6 b£5/5/- Samarai (pd.) s2/6 s2/s2/- Sandy Ck s3/b2/4 b2/5 Sunshine Gold .... b!2/2 bl2/3 bl3/3 Tavua Dev b3/9 b2/6 s2/3 Up. Sepik b£9/-/s £4/10/b£6/-/- Up. Watut b7/l b6/8 b7/4 Vees United si/b7d b5d OCEANIA A Journal devoted to the study of the Native Peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific Ocean.

Editor ; Dr. A. P. Elkin (Professor of Anthropology at the University of Sydney); Assistant Editor : H. lan Hogbin, Published Quarterly.

Subscription, 5/- per copy (£1 per annum) Published by the Australian National Research Council, Science House, Gloucester Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

Mining Equipment

We specialise in Pipe Lines for the conveyance of semi-solids, liquids, or vapours. Also Welded Tanks, Pressure Vessels, Agitator Tanks, etc. illustrations show typical units of Vapour Pipe Line fabricated by A. E. GOODWIN

Railway Parade, Lidcombe, N.S.W. Ux 7941

were confined to the bed of Flat Creek, and the terrace above that creek. Repairs were carried out on the water race fluming which crosses Little Wau Creek. Three new Sin. x 6in. x 24 feet hardwood stringers were placed under the fluming.

Four Europeans and a line of 69 natives were employed. One native died at the end of the month.

Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd.: —Over 60 trips were made by the Co.’s aeroplanes during the month from Lae, and 230 tons of cargo was delivered at Bulolo and Bulwa ’dromes. All four dredges operated satisfactorily; 958,000 cubic yards were mined, which yielded 16,078 ozs. (not fine) gold.

The hydraulic elevator and boxing operations at the upper end of the property handled 6,179 cubic yards, which yielded 571 unrefined ounces of gold.

Three power drills continued to operate on the Bulolo property. The work of drilling and testing of the Minerals Exploration Syndicate Ltd. near Wau was continued. Erection of steel poles to replace the wooden poles on the Bulolo-Bulowat power line was continued during the month.

Number of employees was: —238 whites, 5 Chinese, ‘984 natives.

Pacific Is. Gold

Monthly Share Fluctuations When putting- into the Clarence River, Northern N.S.W., for water and provisions, the yacht Bissy Girl (Captain Victor Brisson), which is well-known in the South Seas, ran aground on a sandbank on January 5. The following day she was pulled off by a launch, and later left for Brisbane, en route to Noumea, New Caledonia.

Anti-Fouling Invention

Keeps Ships Free From Barnacles tests of an anti-fouling invention designed for ships’ hulls are being made in Double Bay, N.S.W., and are being closely watched by the Navy, shipping companies, and all small craft owners. The steam yacht Northumbria has been chartered for testing the new invention, and will remain at anchor for about six months.

The hull of the vessel has been scraped, and one side has been painted in strips with various anti-fouling preparations, one section being left clean for the new invention. The system to be tested involves the continuous pumping of carbon monoxide from the base of the hull, and the gas bubbles up the side of the ship to the surface in a continuous stream.

Tests which have already been made in a small tank have proved singularly successful.

If the tests are successful on the yacht they are likely to have far-reaching effects on ships throughout the world, for shipping companies spend hundreds of thousands of pounds annually in removing barnacles and marine growth from vessels.

Wedding At Port Moresby

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Dec. 20.

A quiet wedding was celebrated at St. *■ John’s Church on December 14, when Mr. Colvin K. Lockhart, manager of the local branch of the Bank of New South Wales, married Miss Valmai Roberts, of Brisbane, who was until recently Matron cf the European Hospital, Port Moresby.

The bride was attended by Miss Marjorie Franklin, while the bridegroom was supported by Mr. W. Braunholz.

Following the ceremony, which was conducted by Rev. H. Matthews, a few friends gathered at the bank residence to toast the bridal couple before they left on a short honeymoon. Those present included Rev. and Mrs. H. Matthews, Mr. and Mrs.

E. R. Bignold, Miss Franklin, Miss Hayles.

Mr. B. Molloy and Mr. Braunholz.

Mr. Leo Gibbons and Mr. R. Rutherford, directors of Gold Mines of Papua Ltd., sailed from Australia for Samarai, Papua, by the Montoro on January 11.

Cook Is. Officials Return

To New Zealand

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, December 29.

J EAVING by the Makura are Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Edwards, and Mr. L. M.

Cook, Private Secretary to the Resident Commissioner.

Mr. Edwards has completed his three years’ term as Inspector of Police and returns to duty in New Zealand. Although perhaps not enjoying the same degree of popularity as some of his less disciplinary predecessors, Mr. Edwards may congratulate himself that during his period of office crime has materially decreased, and even the once übiquitous “bush-beer” drinker has now become almost a rara avis.

Mr. Cook has five years of Rarotongan memories behind him, and will be reabsorbed into the N.Z. Civil Service. A keen athlete, his presence will be missed in sporting circles, and not least among that small but enthusiastic group of sailingcanoe owners who gather every week-end on the Muri lagoon. Mr. Cook’s luggage includes a 23 ft. “dug-out,” with which he hopes to surprise his yachting friends in Wellington.

Mr. N. G. Imlay, accountant in the Treasury Department of the Papuan Public Service, left Sydney for the Territory by the Montoro on January 11. 71 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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The Tahitian

BIBLE Commemoration of Bricklayer Nott's Monumental Work From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, December 26.

ON December 18, 1835, John Nott, a pioneer English missionary, who had spent 38 years in Tahiti, completed a monumental work —the translation of the Bible into the Tahitian language.

In December, 1935, a special service was held in the Papeete Protestant Church in commemoration of the event.

A similar ceremony was held also by the Seventh Day Adventists.

The celebration of this important event has naturally created considerable interest, particularly among the natives to whom the Bible is the only piece of literature available in their own language.

To those Europeans who are acquainted with the early history of the islands — not very many unfortunately, for a connected account has yet to be written — this notable centenary will bring a vivid reminder of picturesque and stirring days of the past, and of a movement which was destined to bring about tremendous changes in what is now known as French Oceania, and exercise a profound influence over a vast area in the Pacific Ocean.

Tahitian was the first Polynesian dialect to be reduced to writing—the Rarotongan, Marquesan, Hawaiian and Samoan came much later on.

Nott came to Tahiti in 1797 in the ship Duff as one of a party of 39 people sent out by the London Missionary Society to convert the heathen islanders to Christianity. Twenty-five of the company including four ordained ministers, fourteen artisans, five women, and two children were landed in the district of Matavai: the rest were distributed in Tonga, Marquesas islands, and elsewhere.

The mission was well received and provided with land for cultivation, while the missionaries found temporary accommodation in a house which had been built for Captain Bligh of H.M.B. Bounty, who was expected to return to Tahiti.

There workshops were set up, seeds planted, and everything possible done to place the mission on a self-supporting basis.

For many years, the work of evangelisation was hampered by the powerful influence of the native priests, by the difficulties of an unknown language, and by the active opposition of renegade foreigners who supplied the natives with guns and ammunition: the God of the missionaries also got the blame for the European diseases brought by whalers and other, passing vessels.

Thefts began to occur with disturbing frequency, especially thefts of iron, of w'hich the natives already had some knowledge—it is supposed from the remains of Roggeveen’s tender Africaansche Galey, which was wrecked on the island of Takapoto in 1722. The missionaries noted with misgiving that the metal was all being used for making weapons of war, and the situation became so serious that their possessions had to be guarded night and day. At this time, one or two ot the missionaries died of sickness, others returned to New South Wales on passing ships, and still others deserted the cause to marry native women.

Conditions grew more and more threatening as time went on. Political intrigue and tribal wars racked the island and the remaining missionaries were actually in danger of their lives; one of them was murdered and four others stripped of clothing and maltreated.

At length, in 1808, Pomare II was driven out by rebels and forced to take refuge in the neighbouring island of Moorea. The mission establishment at Matavai was destroyed and all the missionaries warned by friends in advance departed, with the exception of Nott, who accompanied Pomare to Moorea, and Hayward, who went to Huahine in the Leeward Group.

Work was not resumed in Tahiti till 1817, Pomare —under Nott’s influence — having in the meantime accepted Christianity and thus prepared the way.

In this first effort to introduce the Gospel into Tahiti, the bricklayer Nott stands out conspicuously as an example of courage and persistence in the face of enormously difficult and dangerous circumstances —attributes which accord him a rightful place with such distinguished pioneer missionaries as John Williams and Moffat.

To Nott’s high moral character and devotion, and to his years of patient and laborious work in translating the Bible, Pastor Paul Vernier paid a very high tribute in his commemorative service, which was all the more appealing and sympathetic because it was rendered in the native tongue, in which he is a master of oratory.

Like many another alien visitor Nott grew to love the Islands and their people, and in 1826 —upon his departure for his one and only return visit to his native England—he exclaimed in Tahitian: “Here is my country; I will never more be separated from it.”

Nott died in 1844, having been in charge of the Tahiti Mission since 1819, and was buried in the Royal enclosure at Arue, about four miles from Papeete.

Captain Loose, pilot of the Lutheran Mission’s Junkers aeroplane, returned to Salamaua, New Guinea, after a brief visit to Sydney, by the last Montoro. 72 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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New Year Honours

Sir Walter Randolph Carpenter THE New Year Honours contained a A knighthood for Walter Randolph Carpenter, known throughout Eastern Australia and the Pacific territories as “W.R.C.”

Officially, the honour was given in recognition of Mr. Carpenter’s valuable gift of £20,000 to the Jubilee Maternity Hospital Fund. Actually, it is recognition of the pioneer work done in the Pacific by this outstanding man as trader, planter, merchant, copra-exporter, and organiser of transport. He founded the great Pacific firm of W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., the capital of which, with its various associated companies, runs into millions. The founders of other great Pacific firms —notably, Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., and Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.— received titles at the hands of the King.

The honour comes fittingly to W. R.

Carpenter.

The career of “W.R.C.” is one of the business romances of the present century. He has won his way to great success and wealth entirely on his own strength and courage—he started from scratch. His courage, probably, came from his father, the American-born Captain Carpenter, famous in his day as skipper of Burns, Philp ships. The stow of Captain Carpenter’s clash with the Dutch, ending in a law case with international complications, is one of the stirring chapters in the history of Australian trade in the Pacific.

“W.R.C.’s” mother was English: he was born in Singapore in 1877 and educated in Sydney, so he is a real cosmopolitan.

In 1899 he commenced trading at Thursday Island, where he established the well-known firm of J. B. Carpenter and Son Ltd. That firm is still in existence.

Some eight years later, he went to Fiji, as manager of an Islands trading firm' Robbie, Kaad and Co. Ltd.

When the war broke out in 1914 he got his big chance. He saw, sooner than most men, that copra would be in great demand. Copra, to a greater degree than almost any other commodity, contains commodities needed in munitions-making.

His finance was limited, but his faith was unconquerable. He founded W. R.

Carpenter and Co. Ltd., and he bought copra wherever he could find it. Shippmg space was hard to get, so he chartered almost anything that would float, m order to get his copra to Europe. He Pf ld T £ 1 5 - 00 ,? m cash for pne charter of i he l\ e^ eld ' T She was so i? year later for £3.000. He even bought the old sailmg ship Speedway, 670 tons, in order that she might carry one cargo of copra to Europe. His belief was justified. He reaped an enormous harvest from his copra; and, in a year or two. his firm was rich and powerful. . i Aftei the war, the firm extensively financed the new soldier-planters in New Guinea, and became large storekeepers, traders and Property owners in New Gumea and the Solomons. As New Guinea developed, especially under the stimulus of the gold industry, the firm grew and developed, and displayed remarkable enterprise in many directions.

Among other things, it established electncal power plants and cold stores in various Islands centres; operated a small fleet of mter-island steamers; built and equipped a slip in Rabaul Harbour; established and operated a desiccated coconut factory, and successfully marketed the product in Australia and elsewhere.

Within the last three years this firm, under the tireless guidance of “W.R.C.,” has established a direct shipping line between Australian, Western Pacific and European ports; established a new insurance company; established an aerial transport service on the New Guinea goldfield; extended its trading operations into the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (where it bought out On Chong and Co. Ltd.); and now (January) there are rumours that it has bought out a Suva firm, with important Fiji connections.

“W.R.C.” is a man who has lived a very active life; he is a big man, of a merry habit and breezy personality, and, although well’ over 50 years of age, he remains the livest and most alert unit in his vast organisation. He rewards generously those who serve him well; he bears no malice against the failure, if he who fails has tried honestly; and he is a good loser in fair competition. But woe betide the gentleman who tries to gain a victory over the Carpenter firm by trickery, or the double cross! The boot which ultimately descends upon his neck knows neither mercy nor logic. They say of * “W.R.C.” that he never rests; “he is 73 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

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The only unhappy feature of this knighthood is that the euphonious “W.R.” disappears, and a new and portentous person, ‘‘Sir Walter” takes his place. To several hundred hard-working people, the “W.R.” has represented for many years a very real personality—the active, restless, jolly chief whom they all loyally follow. Knighthood will not change the man himself; but his friends and associates are going to have a hard time, schooling themselves to say “Sir Walter” when they mean “W.R.” For all that, their congratulations have poured in upon him in overwhelming measure.

Mr. H. Leonard Murray, C.B.E. j\/|R. LEONARD MURRAY, official secretary to the Lieutenant Governor of Papua, and member of the Executive and Legislative Councils, has been in the Territory since 1909, and has well earned the honour of C.B.E. He has been Sir Hubert Murray’s right-hand man for 20 years; and he has added to his own outstanding personal ability, an invaluable knowledge of his distinguished uncle’s policy and methods in tropical administration. His balanced judgment and quiet ‘efficiency must have been of great help to Sir Hubert, during the latter’s 28 years’ successful reign in Papua.

Mr. Murray, among other things, is captain of the Government’s yacht Laurahada; and, in reference thereto, we have a note from a well-known man, who says: “I have seen this Leonard Murray do things with his ship, among puzzling reefs on dark nights, and in handling natives with firmness and justice, which show extraordinary nerve and coolness. He has achieved really heroic feats in taking the Lieut.-Governor, by day and night, to points along that coast, among those awful reefs—all without any fuss or publicity. I am glad that his long, useful service has received some recognition.”

Captain James B. Nursey, who recently arrived in Sydney from Canada, sailed for Salamaua, New Guinea, by the Montoro on January 11. He will spend three or four months in the Territory on business and pleasure.

Mr. L. J. Joubert, assistant general manager of Bulolo Gold Dredging Limited, will arrive in Sydney by the Monterey at the end of January, after furlough in America. He will return to New Guinea by the Neptuna in February.

Planting Industry In

N. GUINEA Agriculture Director’s Tour THE Director of Agriculture in New Guinea, Mr. George Murray, has returned from a ten-months’ world tour with a mass of valuable information relating to the improvement of existing industries in New Guinea, and the introduction of new ones. The best of it is being kept, naturally, for official submission to the Administrator; but a P.I.M. representative gathered a few interesting facts from Mr. Murray’s observations, in many countries.

Mr. Murray spent many useful days in Malaya and Ceylon, examining copraproduction methods. He travelled in Malaya to various plantations with Mr.

Cook, copra research officer, whom he regards as the world’s greatest authority on his subject. Mr. Cook, with a view to improving quality, has been experimenting with copra driers, and he has practically arrived at the conclusion that several medium-sized driers will give a higher and more even quality than one large drier of the Ceylon type.

The New Guinea Copra Inspection Ordinance has been studied and highly approved in Malaya; but Mr. Murray did not think its application would be feasible there, 'owing to the enormous amount of copra produced by natives.

Derris Industry

Mr. Murray spent some time in London and in Malaya examining the derris-root industry, which might be suitable for New Guinea. Derris is now a valuable commodity: but there seem to be certain puzzling features connected with its production. Derris must have a certain toxic content, and it is doubtful whether this is controlled by soil, by cultivation, or by variety. Mr. Murray is inclined to think that the secret lies in the variety; and, when in Singapore, he tried to get some roots of the variety known as Changi, but failed. He thinks that, If derris were to be established successfully in New Guinea, the services of an agricultural chemist would be needed.

L.M.S. Samoans Deprecate

Sunday Work

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 5.

IT seems that the necessity to work the last Hauraki, which arrived at Apia on a Sunday, has wounded the religious susceptibilities of the orthodox in Samoa. Though Roman Catholics and Mormons accepted the Sunday work as a necessity in a case of emergency, some adherents of the London Missionary Society had considerable scruples and sent a deputation to the Acting Administrator to voice their objections.

The banana shipment if left standing on the wharf till Monday would probably have suffered considerably by the ripening of a portion of the fruit. The working of the Hauraki on Sunday, therefore, was absolutely necessary and public opinion supported the Administration in this regard.

Mrs. Gunther, wife of Dr. C. E. M.

Gunther, Medical Officer of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. in New Guinea, will return to Australia with her son by the Monterey on January 27 after a holiday in the United States. 74 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

At Blue Mountains

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Trinity School

Kew, Victoria

President of Council: Headmaster: A. O. HENTV, Esq. FRANK SHANN, M.A., Dip. Ed.

The School is well equipped and splendidly situated. Its present size (about 40 boarders and 230 day boys) makes it possible for every boy to come into personal touch with the Head Master and a staff of 10 experienced and successful masters (including seven University Graduates). The general life of the school is very varied and full of vigour. The Head Master will be pleased to send the Illustrated Year Book for 1936-7 on application, and to give full information about the school, which is approved by the University of Melbourne as a Class “A” School for the Intermediate and School Leaving Examinations. Two Preparatory Schools—Charles Street, Kew, for boarders and day boys; and St. Hilary’s Hall, John Street, East Kew, for boys and little girls.

Term dates for 1936; February 11, June 2, September 15.

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“Loch Ness Monster”

In The Solomons

Letter to the Editor.

WITH pleasure and satisfaction I read in the October “P.1.M.” a letter from Mr.

M. E. Livingstone, of Salamaua, New Guinea, in support of my encounter with the “Loch Ness Monster.”

It seems difficult for many to believe that my story is authentic, in spite of the fact that my brother saw the “monster,” as well as I. Perhaps now the “Doubting Thomases” will believe I really did see the creature of which I wrote, and that it was not the result of a heavy supper, or of too much “home-brew.”

I sent a description of the serpent to the Australian Museum, but they could not classify it. They said several similar creatures had been seen and reported at different times, but none had ever been caught. Until one is captured, they-stated, it is impossible to say what it is.

I am, etc., GEOFF GASKELL.

Tulagi, 5.1., December 1, 1935.

Former Samoan Planter’S

Death In Switzerland

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, December 14.

INFORMATION has reached Apia that Mr. J. Helg, who was well remembered by many residents in Samoa, died on November 8 at Zurich, Switzerland. He had been ailing for a long time.

Mr. Helg, who was a native of Switzerland, went to Samoa in 1896 as an overseer for the plantations of the old D.H. and P.G. He was a very efficient planter and during his long term of service with the firm rose to the position of manager of the large coconut plantation at Mulifanua, at one time considered to be the largest in the world. He acted as Swiss Consul in Samoa during 1914-1918 and returned home after the termination of the war.

Mr. Helg left a wife and several children in Switzerland. Two of his sons, Messrs.

F. and J. Helg, are still living in Samoa.

Strike On T.I. Luggers

A N official investigation is to be made into complaints by aborigines which are reported to have resulted in a strike by Torres Strait Islanders employed on State luggers.

Some misunderstanding apparently arose, as the aborigines employed on boats owned by the State are paid more than the islanders on private vessels.

Mr. A. W. Jacobs has been appointed to the board of directors of Upper Sepik Gold Syndicate N.L., in place of Mr. A.

Barclay, who has resigned.

Rabaul News From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, January 10.

WEDDINGS have been popular of late. Mr.

Basil Challis, of the Department of Agriculture, was married on December 24 to Miss Gwen Bowen. On the same day Mr. Frank Venning, of the Government Stores Department, Rabaul, was married to Miss Norma Cassel, the ceremony being performed in the Church of England by Archdeacon de Voil. Then on January 4 Mr. Keith Chambers, youngest son of Rev. W.

J. Chambers, of Rewa, Fiji, was married to Miss Jean Herford-Smith, of Croydon, N.S.W., and Mr. J. P. L. Burke took as his bride Miss Annie Hughes, of Cremorne. The latter ceremony was performed in the Roman Catholic Church by Rev.

Father Madigan.

The Nellore on December 24 took away from Rabaul one of its oldest Government officials in the person of Mr. E. Featherstone Phibbs, who has occupied the position of Chief Collector of Customs in the Territory since before the inception of Civil Administration in 1921. “Teddy”

Phibbs arrived in the Territory in 1915 with the A.N. and M.E. Forces. He was a most popular official and was an active member of many of the sporting and social organisations in the town.

Mr. Phibbs had reached retiring age.

Mrs. Jessie Newport, an ' old resident of the Territory, and widow of the late Major Newport, one-time N.G. Director of Agriculture, departed on December 24 for the East and India, where she will visit relatives. Mrs. Newport was the recipient of many farewell gifts and messages, and left with the good wishes of everyone.

Mr. Leslie Clark has resigned his office as honorary secretary of the Rabaul Amateur Turf Club. The position has been taken over by Mr. J. B. Cruise, a well-known racing enthusiast.

A benefit concert was held on January 10 for Major Berkely Ayris, who recently retired from the N.G. Public Service. Major Ayris has been a tower of strength in the formation of the Rabaul Dramatic and Musical Society and other social and sporting organisations, and his departure from Rabaul will mean a decided loss to the community. The concert was arranged by the Society, with Mrs. Backhouse in charge of the programme. A testimonial fund was also opened as a mark of appreciation of the work which the Major had done during his eight years in the Territory. It is understood that he will proceed to the goldfields to take up an appointment. Rabaul’s loss will be Wau’s gain.

“Listening-in” sets obtained by local residents show that reception is very satisfactory. Knobtwisters, however, complain that VK3LR has a disconcerting booming sound on its wave-length.

At the annual school break-up, held on December 13, the head teacher, Mr. R. W. Crouch, stated that the attendance average for 1935 had been much better than the previous year. Mr.

Crouch mentioned the necessity for a more liberal system in connection with the granting of scholarships for pupils in the Territory. At present for all pupils domiciled in New Guinea there is only one bursary available each year, the value of which is £34, and it is deemed to be inadequate.

As a result of the Administrator’s visit to the Sepik River district it is understood that the “controlled areas” there will be extended. 75 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Francs to £ Australian Average for week ended 23/12/35 .. .. 58.42 Average for week ended 30/12/35 .. .. 58.58 Average for week ended 6/1/36 .. .. 58.41 Average for week ended 13/1/36 .. .. 58.57 Average for week ended 20/1/36 .. .. 58.64 Francs to £ Australian Average for week ended 23/12/35 .. .. 58.32 Average for week ended 30/12/35 .. .. 58.48 Average for week ended 6/1/36 ’.. .. 58.31 Average for week ended 13/1/36 .. .. 58.47 Average for week ended 20/1/36 .. .. 58.59 Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £100 Samoa —buying £A100, selling £A100/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £100 in London:— Buying.

Selling.

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Islands Produce Coffee The following quotations were obtained on January 22; —- Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney: Quote No. 1, 20/- per cwt.; quote No. 2, 19/10 (based on 12 guilders).

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. No. 1 quotation: Grade “A,” 51/-; grade “B,” 47/-; grade “C,” 47/-; Triage, 36/-. No. 2 quotation: Grade “B,” 48/6; Triage, 38/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.; No. 1 quotation, grade “B,” 56/-. No. 2 Quotation: Grade “B,” 59/-, Arabian (Aden), Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney. Quote (a): No. 1, pure, 68/per cwt. Quote (b): 62/- per cwt.

Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges: Exchange (25j£ per cent, in the case of Java), duty (4d. lb.), primage (10 per cent.), landing costs (1/- per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on an exchange conversion of 12 gulden to the Australian £, the Australian c.i.f. prices current during January were: Prime Samarang, 3 9/16d. per lb.; prime Japara, 3^d.

Cocoa Quote No. 1; Cocoa beans, £36 per ton.

Quote No. 2:: Accra, good fermented, £24/9/per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

Ivory NuU No. 1 quotation; £9 per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

No. 2 quotation: £B/10/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Trocaa Shell Quotations for trocas shell obtained in Sydney from two different sources were: (a) Trocas shell, No. 1 grade £lO3 Trocas shell, No, 2 grade £93 Trocas shell, No. 3 grade £B3 (b) Trocas shell, No. 1 grade £lO2/10/- Trocas shell. No. 2 grade £92/10/- Trocas shell, No. 3 grade £B2/10/- All quotes are F. 0.8. and on the Australian £.

Green Snail Shell Good quantity green snail shell was quoted in Sydney in mid-January at £45 per ton.

Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton during the past month were: December 20, 6.19 d. lb., January shipment; December 27, 6.21 d. lb., January shipment; January 3,6.20 d. lb., February shipment; January 10, 5.80 d. lb., February shipment; January 17, 5.92 d. lb., February shipment.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. or 2001 b. bags, £l2 per ton f.0.b., Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags, £l6/10/- per ton.

Exchange Hates The following exchange quotations, gathered in Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney on January 22: — FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

And Bank Of New Zealand

Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £ All 1/2/6, selling £AII3/10/-.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London: Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer ... £llO 15 0 £ll2 0 0 DIRECT TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER.

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia Australia on Papeete Australia on Noumea

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

New Caledonia—Through

French Bank

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1 per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea: On January 22, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 58.65 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a credit in Noumea of 5,865 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK.

From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent., on Rabaul 10/- per cent. —other N. Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London:— Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent.; Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same as Australia on London, and vice versa. 76 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

October 4 . .. Sd. 5.8^d.

October 11 . .. 5%d. 6.09^d.

October 18 . .. 5^d. .. 6^d.

October 25 . .. sy 4 d. 6 7/16d.

November 1 . .. sy/sd. 6jid.

November 8 . .. ey 2 d. 6 15/32d.

November 15 . .. ey 2 d. 6 7/16d.

November 22 . .. 6y 2 d. .. 6*4d.

November 29 6 5/16d.

December 6 . .. ey 4 d. .. 6j£d.

December 13 . .. 6^d. 6 5/16d.

December 20 . .. 6Hd. 6j£d.

December 27 . .. 6Hd. 6 13/32d.

January 3. 1936 .. . . .. 6jid. .. 6y 2 d.

January 10 . .. 6Hd. 6 ll/16d.

January 17 .. .. . . .. 7d. .. 6^d.

November 29.. .. .. £13 2 6 £14 7 6 December 6 .. .. .. .. £12 17 6 £14 0 0 December 13 .. .. £13 5 0 £14 7 6 December 20 .. .. £13 7 6 £14 10 0 December 27 .. .. £13 10 0 £14 12 6 January 3, 1936 .. .. .. £13 15 0 £15 0 0 January 10 .. .. .. .. £13 15 0 £15 2 6 January 17 .. .. .. .. £14 5 0 £15 7 6 London Para Plantation Smoked Price on — per lb. per lb.

January 6, 1933 .. . .. 2.43d.

March 10 . .. 2'Ad.

May 5 . 4tfd. .. 2.81d.

July 7 . .. 3.71d.

August 4 . .. 4d.

September 1 .. .. . 5d. 3.78d.

October 13 . 4^d. 4d.

November 10 .. .. . 4^d. 4.09d.

December 8 .. .. . 4Ad. 4.0^d.

January 5, 1934.. .. . 4J4d. .. 4.28d.

February 2 .. .. . 4J/ 2 d. 4.84d.

March 6 . Sd. 5.15d.

May 4 . 554d. .. . 5^d. 7d.

June 1 6 l Ad.

July 6 . 5^d. 7.06d.

August 3 . 5^d. 7.18d.

September 7 . .. 7Hd.

October 5 . .. 67Ad.

November 16 .. .. . 5y$d. .. ey A d.

December 28 .. .. . 5d. 6'Ad.

January 4, 1935 . 5d. 63/ 8 d.

January 18 . 4^d. 6.4^d.

February 1 .. .. . 4Hd. .. 6^d.

February 22 .. .. . 4Vsd. .. 6^d.

March 1 . .. 6.1^d.

March 29 • 45^d. 5.6%d.

April 5 . 4^d. 5.4^d.

April 26 . 444d. 5J4d.

May 3 . 4Hd. 5 9/16d.

May 31 . 4?/ 8 d. .. 5 5/7d.

June 7 . 5d. 6d.

June 28 . Sd. 6d.

July 5 . Sd.

S^d.

July 19 . 47Ad. .. 5 13/16d.

July 26 . 4^d. $Ad.

August 2 . .. 5J4d.

August 16 ■ 4^d. 5Hd.

August 23 • 47/ s d.

SAd.

August 30 . 47^d. 5 ll/16d.

September 6 .. .. . 47/ 8 d. .. 5'Ad.

September 13 .. .. . 4^d. 5Ad.

September 20 .. .. . 47^d. 5.46^d.

September 27 ... .. .. 4]4d. ..

S.6^d.

Plantation, South Sea, Hot-air Dried, London Sun-Dried Rabaul Price on — Per ton c.i.f.

Per ton c.i.f.

January 6, 1933 . .. £13 10 0 £13 12 6 February 3 . .. £12 5 0 £12 7 6 March 3 . .. £11 7 6 £11 10 0 April 28 . .. £10 10 0 £10 12 6 May 26 . .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 June 30 . .. £10 17 6 £11 0 0 July 21 . .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 August 4 . .. £10 10 0 £10 12 6 September 29 . .. £9 7 6 £9 10 6 October 20 . .. £8 15 0 £9 0 0 November 3 . .. £9 10 0 £9 15 0 December 1 . .. £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 .. . . .. £8 0 0 £8 7 6 February 16 . .. £7 17 6 £8 10 0 March 30 . .. £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 27 . .. £7 7 6 £8 0 0 May 18 . .. £7 15 0 £8 12 6 June 15 . .. £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 . .. £7 17 6 £8 15 0 August 3 . .. £8 0 0 £8 17 6 September 7 . .. £7 12 6 £8 15 0 October 5 . .. £8 0 0 £9 0 0 November 2 . .. £7 IS 0 £8 IS 0 December 28 . .. £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4, 1935 .. . . .. £9 5 0 £10 5 0 January 25 . .. £11 10 0 £12 5 0 February 1 . .. £11 12 6 £12 2 6 February 15 . .. £12 0 0 £12 15 0 February 22 . .. £12 2 6 £12 17 6 March 1 . .. £12 2 6 £12 IS 0 March 8 . .. £12 2 6 £12 12 6 March 29 . .. £11 0 0 £11 17 6 April 5 . .. £10 15 0 £11 IS 0 April 12 , .. £10 15 0 £11 17 6 April 19 , .. £10 15 0 £11 17 6 April 26 . .. £11 5 0 £12 7 6 May 3 . .. £11 17 6 £12 12 6 May 10 .. £12 2 6 £12 17 6 May 17 . .. £12 0 0 £12 12 6 May 24 . .. £12 0 0 £12 12 6 May 31 . .. £11 10 0 £12 2 6 June 7 .. £11 15 0 £12 7 6 June 14 , .. £11 10 0 £12 2 6 June 21 .. £10 15 0 £11 5 0 J une 28 .. £10 0 0 £10 10 0 July 5 0 £10 5 0 July 12 July 19 .. £9 12 6 6 £10 5 £10 17 0 6 July 26 .. £9 15 0 £10 IS 0 August 2 .. £9 15 .. £9 10 o £10 15 £10 10 o August 9 0 0 August 16 .. £9 10 .. £9 15 o £10 15 £10 IS ft August 23 0 0 August 30 .. £9 12 6 £10 12 6 September 6 .. .. £9 17 6 £10 17 £10 17 £11 7 g September 13 .. .. £9 17 6 g September 20 .. .. £10 10 0 6 September 27 .. .. .. £10 12 6 £11 12 £12 7 f.

October 4 .. £11 7 6 o 6 October 11 6 £13 5 0 October 18 0 £14 0 0 October 25 .. £12 2 6 £13 2 6 November 1 6 £14 0 0 November 8 . £12 10 o £13 15 £14 2 ft November 15 0 6 November 22 .. £13 2 6 £14 5 0 HUON PINE BOAT PLANKS . . .

Practically Borer Proof and Everlasting, also Spotted Gum Timbers.

Prices Right

A. C. FRYER. 110 Miller St., Pyrmont, N.S.W.

Samuel Russell

Estate And General Agent

P.O. Box 64, Papeete, Tahiti Real Estate. Investments. Estate Management and Administration. Valuations and Reports. Houses and Lands for Lease or Sale.

Sole Proprietor: TAHITI PERFUMES Cables: Russell, Tahiti (Bentley’s Code)

Structural Steelwork

Designs By Competent Engineers

All Classes of Steel Framework and Reinforcement Agents for—

Expanded Metal For Concrete And Plaster Work

"Pudlo” For Waterproofing Cement

Send your enquiries to THE SYDNEY STEEL CO. LTD.

MARRICKVILLE, N.S.W. Cable Address: SYDSTEEL, SYDNEY

Ship Chandlery

W. Kopsen A Co. Limitetl Manufacturers of PIONEER BRAND ASH OARS AND IMPLEMENT HANDLES.

Sole Agents for : KOPSEN’S SPECIAL YELLOW METAL SHEATHING AND NAILS.

Large stocks of Chains, Anchors, Manilla and Wire Ropes, Wood and Iron Blocks, Oakum, Tar, Pitch, Oils, Paints, Leads, Zincs, Varnishes, Shackles, Rigging, Screws, Sheathing, Felt, Lampware, etc.

Special Under Bond Prices for Island Trade. 68-70 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY Cables: “Kopsen.” 'Phone: BW 1114-5.

V. H. Jones & Rickard Electrical Engineers 525 ELIZABETH STREET SYDNEY Specialists in rewinding and repair* ing all classes and sizes of electrical machines and equipment.

Special treatment given to work for the tropics.

TELEPHONE: MA 1397 Market Quotations Range of Prices The Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and it regularly publishes the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press.

Copra Rubber Mr. T. Costelloe, M.M., died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Fiji, on January 1 at the age of 48. Born in England, he went to Fiji as a youth and engaged in various occupations until the Great War broke out. He fought in France with Fiji’s Second Contingent, gaining the Military Medal for gallantry as a stretcher bearer on the field. Returning to Fiji In 1919, he took up dairy farming at Tailevu, eventually disposing of his interests there to go to the Tavua district. 77 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

M.V.

Neptuna Svdney 29 Apr 2-4 Salamaua .... .. Feb 5 Apr 11 Rabaul .. Feb 7 Apr 14 Sandakan Manila .. Feb 17 Apr 24 Hongkong ... .. Feb 19-22 Apr 26-28 Saigon .. Feb 28 May 4 Manila .. Mar 3 May 8 Sandakan .... 5 May 10 Salamaua .... .. Mar 14 May 19 Rabaul .. Mar 16 May 21 Sydney 23 May 28 Melbourne ... 26-31 June 1-3 BURNS, PHILP & CO.

LTD., Agents.

Subject to Alteration Without Notice Rabaul. Salamaua.

Copenhagen _ Jan 27 Port Pirie Jan 15 Mar 28 Sydney Jan 23 Apr 3 Gladstone Jan 28 Apr 9 Lae Feb 2 Rabaul Feb 16 Apr 24 London Apr 21 June 28 W. R CARPENTER & CO., LTD.

Friderun.

Bremerbaven.

Hongkong .... Feb 1 Feb 25 Madang ,... Feb 13 — Salamaua — ■ — Rabaul ... Feb 18 Mar 12 Manus .... Feb 22 — Tulagi Mar 16 Kieta Mar 20 Kavieng Mar 28 Madang .... Mar 2 — Rabaul .... Mar 10 Apr 2 Hongkong .... Mar 24 Apr 17 NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD, Agent*.

Monterey. Mariposa.

Monterey.

Honolulu ...

Feb 10 Mar 9 Pago Pago Feb 15 Mar 14 Suva Feb 18 Mar 17 Auckland .

Feb 21 Mar 20 Sydney, arr. .... Jan 27 Feb 24 Mar 23 Melbourne .

J.31-F.1 Feb 28-29 Mar. 27-28 Sydney, dep.

Feb 5 Mar 4 Apr 1 Auckland .

Feb 8 Mar 7 Apr 4 Suva Feb 11 Mar 10 Apr 7 Pago Pago Feb 12 Mar 11 Apr 8 Honolulu Feb 17 Mar 16 Apr 13 OCEANIC STEAMSHIP CO., MATSON LINE.

Nellore.

Tanda.

Hongkong .

Feb 1 Mar 6 Manila Feb 4 Mar 9 Rabaul Feb 12 Mar 17 Brisbane ...

Feb 18 Mar 23 Sydney Feb 20 Mar 25 Melbourne .

F.21-M.4 M.30-A.4 Hobart Mar 6 Apr 6 Newcastle Mar 9 Apr 9 Sydney, dep.

Mar 14 Apr 18 Brisbane ...

Mar 16 Apr 20 Townsville .

Mar 19 Apr 23 Rabaul Mar 24 Apr 28 Manila May 6 Hongkong .

May 9 E. & A.

STEAMSHIP CO. LTD., Agents Maunganui . Makura Mauhganui.

Papeete Jan 25 Feb 22 Mar 21 Rarotonga Jan 28 Feb 25 Mar 23 Wellington Feb 3-4 Mar 2-3 Mar 30-31 Sydney Feb 8 Mar 7 Apr 4 Sydney, dep Feb 13 Mar 12 Apr 9 Wellington Feb 17-18 Mar 16-17 Apr 13-14 Rarotonga Feb 22 Mar 21 Apr 18 Papeete Feb 24 Mar 23 Apr 21 UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents. s.s.

Van Rees.

Saigon Batavia ... Mar ... Mar 3 7-9 May May 5 9-11 Sarnarang ... Mar 10 May 12 Pt. Moresby ... Mar 19 May 21 Samarai ... Mar 21 May 23 Rabaul ... Mar 23-24 May 25-26 Vila .... Mar 30 June 1 Noumea • 1-3 June 3-5 Sydney 8-11 June 10-12 Pt. Moresby 18 June 19 Batavia ... Apr 28-30 Ju.30- Jy.2 Saigon .... May 4 July 6

Royal Packet

NAVIGATION CO., LTD.

INNER CLEAN Intestinal Laxative.

An Aromatic Herb compound Adjuvant for Constipation. Perfected by Prof. Arnold Ehret. 3/6 packet. Send Twopenny Stamp for sample.

A. SUMMERBELL "Wyoming,” Hunter Street, Sydney

Steamships Trading Company Limited

Port Moresby PAPUA Samarai Chairman and Managing Director: A. S. FITCH.

Shipowners, Wholesale and Retail Merchants and Traders; Shipping, Customs and Insurance Agents; Copra and Rubber Plantation Owners.

Mail Contractors to Commonwealth and Papuan Governments.

AGENCIES:—At Port Moresby: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Phoenbc Ins l u^ nCe A . C °o; t P®!

Sawmills. Ltd.; Acme Bakery Co.; Vacuum Oil Co. Pty. Ltd. At Samarai.

Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Bankers “ d Insurance Co.; National Mutual Life Insurance Co.; Kuiaro Shipyards, Mamai Plantations.

BRANCHES.—In Papua; Hanuabada, Sivitoi, Aroma, Koki, Hula, Ela Beach, Duga Duga, Yule Island.

SYDNEY: NELSON & ROBERTSON, 12 Spring Street; Melbourne, 396 Flinders Lane; London, E. Whiteaway & Co., 7 Chiswell Street, Finsbury, London.

Cable Address: “STEAMSHIPS.” Code: Bentleys.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong, New Guinea, British Solomon Islands Service

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “Friderun” And S.S. “Bremerhaven”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world For further particulars apply to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, New Guinea, Rabaul.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney.

Shipping Services in the Pacific Sydney-N. Guinea-Hongkong New Guinea Inter-Island Service S.S. Maiwara (Bums. Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports. , „ . „ •, *.

M.V. Duranbah, m.v. John Bolton, m.v. Desikoko (W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory.

Europe—Sydney—New Guinea Hongkong—New Guinea— Solomon Islands Service New Zealand —Samoa N.Z. Government steamer Maui Pomare (1159 tons) is on a regular service between New Zealand ports and Western Samoa, carrying mails, passengers, and cargo.

Papuan Inter-Island Service S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route; then Port Moresby _ to Daru via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu —full trip occupying about one month.

Pt. Moresby Feb 12 Baibara ... Mar 1 Hisiu Feb i 2 Samarai ... Mar 3-6 Yule Is. ... Feb 12 Baibara ... Mar 7 Kukipi Feb 13 Abau Mar 8 Orokolo ... Feb 14 Kapa Kapa. Mar 10 Kikori Feb 16 Pt. Moresby Mar 11-15 Daru Feb 17-18 Hisiu Mar 15 Orokolo ... Feb 19 Yule Is. ... Mar 15 Yule Is. ... Feb 21 Kukipi .... Mar 16 Hisiu Feb 22 Orokolo ... Mar 17 Pt. Moresby Feb 23-27 Kikori Mar 19 Kapa Kapa. Feb 27 Daru (arr.) Mar 20 Abau Feb 29 Daru (dep.) Mar 21 M.V. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) ho.ds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Samoa— Hawaii Sydney—Rabaul—Hongkong Sydney—N.Z.—Cook Is. — Tahiti Central Pacific Services The Union S.S. Co.’s motor vessel Limerick (8724 tons) will leave Sydney with general cargo for Fiji and Western Samoa on January 25. She will call at Suva (Feb. 1), Lautoka (Feb. 3), Suva (Feb. 13), Apia (Feb. 15). The Wairuna (5832 tons) will leave for Fiji and Samoa early in April.

The Waipahi (1783 tons) is now running on a regular monthly schedule between Australia and Fiji. She is due to sail from Sydney for Suva on her next trip on February 12.

Under charter by the Union Co. from the Watchlin Line, the m.v. Port Whangarei maintains a monthly service between Auckland, New Zealand, and Nukualofa, Tonga. She will leave N.Z. on her next trip to Tonga about January 31.

UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

Gilbert and Ellice Islands M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Bums Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all Islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

Saigon—Java—Noumea Line French Oceania Inter-Island S.S. Tooya (597 tons) makes regular trips from Papeete, through Leeward Group (Raiatea, Huahine, Borabora, etc.) about every four weeks, and also regularly visits Tuamotu and Gambier Archipelagoes.

MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents. 78 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Hawaii Aorangi. Niagara. Aorangi.

Honolulu Feb 5 Mar 4 Apr 1 Suva Feb 14 Mar 13 Apr 10 Auckland Feb 17-18 Mar 16-17 Apr 13-14 Sydney Feb 22 Mar 21 Apr 18 Sydney, dep. ... Feb 27 Mar 26 Apr 23 Auckland Mar 2-3 Mar 30-31 Apr 27-28 Suva Mar 6 Apr 3 May 1 Honolulu Mar 13 Apr 10 May 8 UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents.

S.S. Laperouse.

Sydney Feb 6 Haiphong .

Mar 3-5 Noumea ...

Feb 10-11 Luganville..

Mar 21 Vila Feb 12 Le Dart ...

Mar 22 Luganville..

Feb 13 Vila Mar 23 Le Dart ...

Feb 13 Noumea ...

Mar 24-26 Saigon F.28- M.l Sydney Mar 30 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

M.V. Malaita Sydney Feb 22 Apr 4 Brisbane Feb 24 Apr 6 Townsville ..

Feb 24 Apr 9 Tulagi 1 1 Makambo ... ] [ Mar 2-3 Apr 13-15 Gavutu I Su-u Mar 4 t Apr 16 Mamara 1 Domma j [ Mar 5 Apr 17 Aruligo I Yandina 1 Banika 1 [ Mar 6 Apr 17 Ufa 1 Lingatu Apr 17 Faiami 1 Younger 1 1 Pepesale Mar 6 Apr 17 Kaylan ] 1 Meringe Apr 18 West Bay ..] Somata J Mar 6 Rendova opt.. — Apr 19 Gizo Mar 7 Apr 20 Faisi Mar 8 Apr 21 Kieta I Mar 9 Apr Arigua ' Teopasino ..."

Mar 10 Apr 23 Numa 24-25 Rabaul Mar 11-12 Apr Soraken Mar 13-14 Apr 26-27 Kieta Mar 14 Apr 27 Faisi Mar 15 Apr 28 Gizo [ Mar 16 Apr 29 Tetipari ' 1 Russell Group Mar 17-18 A.30-M.1 Gavutu Tulagi Mar 19 May 2 Brisbane Mar 23 May 6 Sydney Mar 25 May 8 BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

Whore Australia's Finest Wnler-Crail are SEiiilt

The Halvorsen Yards At Neutral Bay, Sydney

■I lie? - ssgsi Correspondence Invited and Estimates Gladly Given for all types of Cruisers, Schooners, Ketches, etc., suitable for Service in Pacific Islands’ Waters.

LARS. HALVORSEN, Shipbuilder and Designer.

DISTRIBUTING AGENT FOR THE WORLD RENOWNED MORRIS MARINE ENGINES.

Address: NEUTRAL BAY, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Write For Information

Sydney—Papua —New Guinea Service M.V. Macdhui and S.S. Montoro.

Owing to dislocation of shipping caused by seamen’s strike, the 1836 timetable for ibis service has not yet been approved by the Commonwealth Government.

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

N. Caledonian Services 5.5. Mawatta and S.S. Neo Hebridals (Societe Tour de Cotes) make regular five-weekly trips, carrying mails and passengers from Noumea along the east coast to Arama, trip occupying 9 days. Also from Noumea to He Belep, via the west coast, voyage taking 8 days. Leaving Noumea on the run up the east coast the vessels call at Yate, Touarou, N. Goye, Kuakue, Thio, Nakety, Canalo, Gouaoua, Houailou, Moueo, Pouerihouen, Tieti, Poindimie, Wagap, Touho, Kokingone, Hieghene, Tao, Outbatch, Pouebo, Balada, Pam, and Arama. Return by same route.

Ports visited on west coast trip are: Bourail, Poya, Mueo, Poumbout, Kone, Voh, Temala, Ouaco, Koumac, Karamble, Tangadiou, Paagoumene, Nehoue, Mouac, Belep, and return by same route. 5.5. Loyaute (Societe des Isles Loyalties) maintains a four-weeks’ service between Noumea and Loyalty Is. Trip occupies 6 days and the vessel calls at Tadine (Mare Is.), Chepenehe and We (Lifou Is.), Fajoue, St. Joseph and Banout (Ouvea Is.). Calls are made occasionally at Isle of Pines and Walpole Is.

Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regularly four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva— trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington —trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A.K. Tui Labasa (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 9 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports —trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa Naduri, Nakoloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. Latter trip occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

Sydney—New Hebrides — Noumea—lndochine Wau-Port Moresby A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

Solomon Islands—N.G. Service Subject to Alteration Without Notice Samoan Inter-Island Service A.S. Makoa, 250 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.) operates from Apia and connects regularly with Pago Pago, also Tokelaus, Swain, Nassau, Puka Puka, and Phoenix Groups. 79 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

S.S. Morinda.

Sydney Feb 8 Feb 20 Mar 21 Lord Howe Is. . Feb 10 Feb 22. Mar 23 Norfolk Is Feb 12 Feb 24 Mar 25 Vila Feb 27-28 Northern outports F.29-M.6 Vila Mar 7 Southern outports Mar 8-10 Norfolk Is Feb 13 Mar 12 Mar 26 Lord Howe Is. . Feb 15 Mar 14 Mar 28 Sydney Feb 17 Mar 16 Mar 30 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

Ville d’Amiens.

Ramel.

From Panama— Papeete Apr 12-13 Raiatea — Suva Apr 20 Vila Apr 22 Noumea Mar 13 Apr 24 To Panama— Noumea Mar 22 May 3 Vila May 6 Raiatea May 13 Papeete May 16 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

Ha#7» m Essential Services REGULAR DAILY SER-

Vices From Seaports

To All Aerodromes

Through Out The

GOLDFIELDS DISTRICTS.

Charters Anywhere Arranged Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd.

Air Transport, Customs, Shipping and Indent Agents

Salamaua And Wau, New Guinea

Cables: “Holdairco” Salamaua and Sydney SYDNEY OFFICE: 7 WYNYARD STREET. ’Phone: B 4515 Sydney—Norfolk Island—New Hebrides Subject to alteration without notice.

New Hebrides Inter-Island SS Mirani (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.), which has replaced the S.S. Makambo, connects every six weeks at Vila with S.S.

Morinda from Sydney, then proceeds on southern trip, calling at the islands of Efate. Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum, and returns to Vila—trip occupying 7 or 8 days. After 2 or 3 days at Vila, departs on northern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Mai, Tongoa, Epi, Paama, Ambryn, Malekula, Aoba, Malo, Santo and returns to Vila, trip occupying 25 to 28 days. Vessel extends to Banks Group every second trip equivalent to about every six weeks.

S.S. Bucephale (Messageries Maritimes interisland service steamer) makes regular trips to Tanna every two months, connecting at Vila with the Laperouse. She visits Banks Group every ten weeks.

French Eastern Pacific Service By ships running between Marseilles and Noumea, via West Indies and Panama Canal.

Ocean Island—Nauru Service British Phosphate Commission, 16 Spring Street, Sydney, sends boats irregularly from Melbourne.

N.G. Goldfields’ Service Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae two and three times daily tor Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfields.

The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Bonus For N. Caledonian

Cotton Growers

TX) encourage cotton-planters to develop their industry, the Administration of New Caledonia has made available a credit of 5,000 francs, which will be used to pay a bonus on the 1936 cotton-crop.

Wau Sportsmen at Pt. Moresby From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Dec. 26.

THE first batch of sportsmen from Wau, New Guinea, arrived at Port Moresby by ’plane on Christmas morning, and a further party reached here to-day.

Great preparations have been made, and four busy days are ahead of them. Port Moresby residents hope to give the visitors a fitting return for the hearty welcome and hospitality extended at Wau to Papua’s cricketers last year.

The main arrangements are in the hands of the various sporting bodies, and the programme of events includes, tennis, billiards, snooker, and cricket matches. An official dinner will be held on the evening of December 29.

The cricket, billiards, and tennis events are :n competition for the Dewar’s trophy—a silver cup recently presented by John Dewar and Sons Ltd., of Australia. The visitors will return to the goldfields on December 30.

Rev. Brother Raphael, formerly headmaster of the Catholic Mission’s Boys’

School at Ra, Navinibitu Province, Fiji, arrived in Sydney by the Niagara on December 2. He will spend six months’ furlough in Australia, and before returning to the Colony will undergo an operation at the Mater Misericordiae Private Hospital, Crow’s Nest, N.S.W.

Accommodation At

RAROTONGA From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, December 29. f I MAKING advantage of the long week-end afforded by the Union Co.’s special Christmas trip, 60 visitors arrived here on Saturday the 28th and will return again to Wellington on to-morrow’s Makura.

Both the Hotel Rarotonga and Avarua House are full, the former having had to accommodate a number of guests in two houses rented for this purpose. By means of a potted time-table and the voluntary co-operation of residents, the visitors have been able to obtain a good insight into island life despite the short time at their disposal.

Intending visitors to Rarotonga are not perhaps aware that in addition to the Hotel Rarotonga there is a second establishment where they may stay during their visit.

At Avarua House, conducted by Mrs. P.

Shearman, accommodation may be obtained at the rate of £2/2/- a week or 10/-per day for shorter periods. Although somewhat smaller and quieter than the Hotel Rarotonga, Avarua House offers a pleasant asylum to those seeking a restful and inexpensive holiday.

Mr. R. C. M acPherson, of the literary staff of the “Fiji Times,” was in Sydney on furlough during January. He is a New Zealand-trained journalist who has adopted the Pacific Islands life.

Mr. P. N. Williams, Chief Clerk in the Samoan Public Works Department, was a passenger to New Zealand by the December Maui Pomare.

Mr. Anthony St. Aubyn, of Levuka, Fiji, was married at the Sacred Heart Church on December 3 to Miss Nellie Harman, daughter of Mrs. T. Harman, of Levuka.

Rev. H. T. Shotton, of the Methodist Mission, returned to Kiriwina, Papua, after furlough in Australia, by the Montoro on January 11.

Mr. E. G. Middleton, accountant of Messrs. Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.’s branch at Labasa, Fiji, died on December 3. He had been a member of Morris, Hedstrom’s staff at Labasa for over 12 years.

Mr. Eli Jennings, of Swain’s Island (Eastern Samoa), arrived in Western Samoa with his family by the Makoa on December 2. He has taken up residence at Apia until next May.

Messrs. K. Atkinson, H. Hill, H. Halliday and S. N. Stevenson, employees of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd., returned to New Guinea by the January Montoro after furlough in Australia.

Captain A. S. Fitch, managing director of Steamships Trading Co. Ltd., Port Moresby, returned to Papua by the December Macdhui, after a business visit to Australia.

Mr. W. Kipling died in December at Labasa, Fiji, at the age of 70. He was an Englishman, and had resided 'in the Colony for many years.

Mr. A. A. C. Hall, accompanied by his wife and child, departed for Port Moresby by the Montoro early in January. He is an Assistant Resident Magistrate in the Central Division of Papua.

Mr. R. M. Boyd, mining engineer, of Melbourne, has accepted the position of technical director of Australian Mineral Development Co. N.L., which was formed in Victoria in January with capital of £30,000 in £5 shares to despatch an expedition to the Solomon Islands on Captain A. J. Villiers’ sailing ship Joseph Conrad. 80 Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936 Published by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney (Telephone: BW 5037). Wholly set up and printed in Australia by The Land Newspaper Ltd., 59 Regent St., Sydney.

The World’S Largest

Aerial Freighting Service

GUINEA AIRWAYS LTD. was established in 1927; and it has grown in the following way, until it is to-day the largest freight-carrying air-service in the world: Guinea Airways Ltd. operates regular air services in New Guinea and Papua, and uses over 33 Aerodromes and Landing-grounds in the two Territories.

One of Guinea Airways’ new 14-passenger Ford Aeroplanes, on an aerodrome in New Guinea. * -:# ■rrA "

I ' m ' AERIAL-TRANSPORT Speedy, Safe and Dependable made possible the Rapid Development of the great Morobe Goldfield, and the Consequent Enrichment of the Mandated Territory. Aeroplanes, running on Regular Schedules, without Difficulty or Delay, carried in Dredges, Crushing Mills, Cyaniding Plants, Motor Vehicles, Hydro-Electric Machinery, and Every Kind of Goods Needed by a Large and Growing European Community.

Guinea Airways L T S

Lae - Salamaua

HEAD OFFICE: NEW GUINEA OFFICE:

Brookman Buildings Lae

Grenfell Street Mandated Territory Of

Adelaide, S.A. New Guinea

BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENTS AT WAU, SALAMAUA, PORT MORESBY, AND SYDNEY Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936

S 5 * % «« SSS d* P' p/i-> v i V n n 0 i i i i

Welcome Cargo

"Lower away ” —and what a welcome cargo it is!

Resells Pilsener—in the famous long bottle—the drink which eases the white man’s burden!

Call for a bottle to-night and relish its malt and hop flavour. . * m ■ I .w v 'o O . > ' J ' 57T 7T7r - o r os£ o I r\ * ■ ■ Bl o’o*"" >, iv :■ RESCH’S

Long Bottle

PILSENER o •. I /y c S & CV^ Mi* £ I W-vi J&M &s ‘Sr. 7 —» 27 SISCH S ,Ls en Eft I* CM *5 p Us Pacific Islands Monthly, Jan. 24, 1936