PIM 1935-11-20 - Vol. VI, No. 4 ( Nov. 20, 1935)

Vol. VI, No. 4 ( Nov. 20, 1935)1935-11-20

In this issue (548 headings)

For Safety'S Sake, Say “Vincent'S’ p.3
Saicon-Batavia-Samaranc-Port Moresby p.3
Samarai-Rabaul- Port Vila- Noumea p.3
Sydney - Port Moresby - Batavia - Saigon p.3
Pacific Islands Travellers p.3
Passengers Per Macdhui Which p.3
Sailed From Sydney For Papua And p.3
Rived In Sydney From Suva, Fiji, On p.3
Rived In Sydney From Papua And New p.3
Ed From Sydney For Suva, Fiji, On p.3
Rived In Sydney From Solomon Is. And p.3
Rived In Sydney From New Guinea On p.3
Rived In Sydney From New Hebrides p.3
Norfolk Is., And Lord Howe Is. On p.3
Ed From Sydney For Suva, Fiji. On p.3
Ed From Sydney For Papua And New p.3
Ed From Sydney For Solomon Is. And p.3
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.3
Tourist Agents p.4
Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce p.4
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.4
The Newspaper-Magazine Of The South Seas p.5
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.5
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.6
Rubber Bounty In p.7
Tavua’S Discoverer p.7
Unrest In Solomon p.7
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.7
Rock-Carvings From Fiji p.8
Fa’A Samoa p.8
New Guinea’S New p.8
Missing Seaman Delays p.8
Tribal Clash p.8
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.8
Storm In Suva'S p.9
Oroville Co.’S Seaplane p.9
Lone Voyager’S p.9
How Captain Dow Died p.9
Bird Hunter In Papua p.9
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.9
Tropical Growth! p.10
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.10
Future Of Solomon Islands p.11
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.11
Buka “Fanat Agism” p.12
Through Papuan p.12
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.12
Home Paint p.13
Salt-Laden p.13
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.13
Neglect Of Defective Sight p.14
May Cause Serious Results p.14
Walter Ford p.14
Special Xmas Advertising Offer p.14
These Superior Teas And p.14
(, Able Throughout Most Of p.14
The Pacific Islands p.14
About Islands People p.14
The Pacific Islands Monthly p.14
Finishing School For Girls p.15
… and 488 more

p. 1

PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly VOL. Vl. No. 4 November 20th 1935 iSfaffistered at the G.P.0., Sydney for transmission hy post as a newspaper.'] 6 d An “Entente Cordiale” in New Guinea Photo by Mrs. Wayne, Methodist Mission, Ulu, New Britain

p. 2

Assisting Development and Progress in '•v i i ■ A Modern Dragon-Moth Two-Engined Aeroplane, one of the Units of the Carpenter Aerial Transport Service, now operating between Salamaua, Port Moresby and the New Guinea Goldfields Aerodromes. the Pacific CINCE Australia became Responsible for the Administration of New Guinea, the I 00-Per-Cent-Australian Firm of W. R.

Carpenter and Co., Ltd., has Devoted its Enterprise and Energy to the Sound Development of Islands Industries. It has Established Stores and Trading Stations wherever they were needed, in the Mandated Territory and the Solomon Islands.

Provided Inter-Island Shipping, for which purpose Two Motor-Vessels have been built in Australia, by Australian workmen.

Established Plantations, and assisted Australian Returned Soldiers in the Establishment of Plantations.

Built and Operated, at Rabaul, a Slip capable of handling Inter-Island Vessels.

Organised and Equipped an Aerial Transport Service (British-built, engined and manned), which now regularly carries Freight and Passengers between Salamaua and the New Guinea Goldfields centres.

Established a line of Modern Motor- Vessels, carrying Freight and Passengers between Pacific Islands and Australian Ports and Europe, on a Regular Schedule.

W. R. C. LINE r I two Modern motor-vessels of the A W.R.C. Line, namely. M.V. RABAUL (5600 tons) and M.V. SALAMAUA (6734 tons), are now carrying on a Regular Freight and Passenger Service, between European and Australian Ports, with Scheduled Calls at Rabaul and Salamaua (with calls at other New Guinea ports as required), and Dakar (West Africa) about every ten weeks. Calls at Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, and Fiji ports made as required.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these Vessels, at special rates; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates, Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise ; ; Complete Range of all Stocks Carried.

Head Office: 19-21 O’CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain), KAVIENG (New Ireland), MADANG (New Guinea), SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea), TULAGI (Solomon Islands), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON Buyers and Shippers of: Copra, Trocas, and all Classes of Islands Produce ~ ..

The Twin-screw Motorship, “SALAMAUA,” 6754 Tons.

The Pacific Islands Monthly, November 20, 1935

p. 3

f Relieve headache, neuritis and all nerve pains with Vincent’s A. P. C.

Dissolves rapidly acts speedily.

Prepared on scientific, hospital for* mula and recommended by medical profession. Powders & tablets: 12 for 1/6.24 for 2/6.

All chemists and stores, or direct from Vincent Chemical Company Limited, 76-78 Liverpool Street, Sydney.

For Safety'S Sake, Say “Vincent'S’

Saicon-Batavia-Samaranc-Port Moresby

Samarai-Rabaul- Port Vila- Noumea

Sydney - Port Moresby - Batavia - Saigon

...... bi-monthly by the "VAN REES"

You will enjoy travelling by this popular, fast and modern steamer of the K.P.M., noted for Its comfort, excellent cuisine, and economical fares.

With a fleet of over 130 vessels the K.P.M. Line is in a position to accept cargo for all ports in Netherlands India, and with transhipment at Batavia for Africa.

ROYAL PACKET NAVIGATION CO.

Paketvaart House, 255 George Street, Sydney Diethelm & Co., Saigon; E. A. James, Port Moresby; Whitten Bros., Samarai; W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., Rabaul; Gubbay Freres, Port Vila; Carlo Leoni, Noumea.

Pacific Islands Travellers

Passengers Per Macdhui Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA ON OCTOBER 24: Messrs.

Annersley, Allan, Atkinson, Aitchison, Bates, Brett, Bryant, Bilston, Blaikie-Webster, Bartlett, Brown, Budden (2), Cleary, Catnmon, Crellin, Conde. Chapman. Collins, Deckert, Dougherty, Draper Doering, Earl, Flynn, Feldt, Green, Gough, Guthrie, Goodwyn, Grigor, Hitchcock, Healy, Harper, Hambridge, Harris, Jewell, Johnsen, Keith, Kenyon, Liscaeld, Mackay, Mel, Moody, McKay, McNamara, Morgan, Father Manion, Naughton, O’Malley, Ormond, Pratt, Parer, Pym, Pollock, Phillpott, Pines, Roche, Roberts, Smith, Sturgeon, Sellers, Sheehan, Bro. Salois, Thogessen, Way, Walker, Wood, Waldron, Wainwright, Wilkinson, Judge Wanliss, Wright, Walsh, Walters, Vial.

Mesdames Everall, Feldt, Flynn, Gill, Gough, Grigor, Lewis, McGregor, Pym, Roberts, Smith (2), Wright. Misses Blum, Cassell, Hoeger, Judd, King, McGregor, Maguire. Smith, Taeuber.

PASSENGERS PER LURLINE WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Suva, Fiji, On

NOVEMBER s:Miss Esme Brown, A. G. Campbell, W. Candler, Mrs. C. L. Cheng, Masters Cecil and Homer Cheng, Mrs. C. Corbett, Misses P. and D.' Corbett, Mr. and Mrs. C. V. Crocket, Mr. and Mrs. James Crocket, Mrs. Mary Davies, Guy Ditchburn, Miss Nita Dunstone, Miss Irene Edwards, John K. Flemons, Henry G. Foxall, Mrs.

A. B. Freeman, Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Furlong, W. G. Higgs, Dr. Loftus Hills, Mrs. A. King Irving, Miss F. Kealy, Dr. L. A. Kortum, E. A.

Lawler, Miss Shiu Luen, Mrs. Edna MacFarlan, Miss Velma Mackenzie, Mrs. A. D. Mclntosh, Hugh McLeod, C. F. Michell, Mrs. Ann Morton, Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Mount, Mrs. Helen Nichols, Frank P. Noble, Miss Mary L. Peck, Eric Powell, Mr. and Mrs. Kallil Saap, Mrs. M. Siddins, Misses M. J. and L. Siddins, H. C. Wilkins, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Barker, C. J. Braden, Miss M. Brown, L. Chang, Miss A. de Vos, Miss E. Jarrett, Mrs.

G. Johnson, Master A. Johnson, H. O. Lindquist, A. MacGillivray, C. E. Mansell, Mrs. P. M. Mills, Mrs. A. F. Ragg, Mrs. J. M. Wren.

PASSENGERS PER MONTORO WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Papua And New

GUINEA ON NOVEMBER 7: Messrs. Austen, Anderson, Allen, Baird, Black, Cummings, Clinton, Condren, Dexter, Davies, Frame, Gray, Gibbons, Gluyas, Hayles, Holcomb, Horsfall, Heaslip, Hurst, Ingold, Jamieson, Jones, Mateer, McDonald, Mc- Ewan, Marjason, Marshall, Mclntosh, McLean, Melrose, Murray, O’Donnell, Provan, Page, Parer.

Priest, Quigley, Reardon, Ross, Ryan, Reilly, Ralfs, Reilly, Sparrow, Sutton, Timms, Weir, Williams, Williams, Wilson, Zoffman; Mesdames Anderson.

Beaton, Cater, Ferguson, Gray, Grilling, Giblin, Gluyas, Heaslip, Hayles, Marshall, Melrose, Murray, O’Donnell, Sutton; Misses Blumer, Cooper, Goff, Leeder, Mills, Nichols, Pearson, Wood, Wood, Wyndham.

PASSENGERS PER AORANGI WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Suva, Fiji, On

NOVEMBER 7: A. F. Smith, Miss M. R. Adams, Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Hamlin, D. W. Robertson, Mrs. M. B. Nash, J. C. Fyffe, Mr. and Mrs. J. G.

Davis, Miss E. Hughes, Mrs. F. Small, A. A. C.

Wilson, F. Rostier, D. Cunningham, T. E. Scott, H. F. Hopkinson, Mr. and Mrs. T. Montague, P.

B. Owen, D. C. Paris, T. W. Marston, T. J. Handcock, Mr. and Mrs. P. W. Moncrieff, Miss Rose Coster, Miss M. Anderson.

PASSENGERS PER MALAITA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Solomon Is. And

RABAUL (N.G.) ON NOVEMBER 8: Messrs.

Anderson, Baddeley, Collin, Cromar, Crichlow, Deck, Hoff, Hammond, Johnston, Kudnig, O’Brien, Pinder, Lincoln, Roberts, Rhoades, Rawson, Saundars, Sim, Watsford, Williams, Williamson, Younger; Mesdames Ewers, Ferris, Graham, Hoff, Johnson, Kidnie, Knibbs, Sutton, Seton, Williams, Williamson, Younger; Misses Devir, Drewitt, Eli, Fitzgerald, Maddison, Morrow, McConnell, Macintosh, Placid, Stick.

PASSENGERS PER NEPTUNA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From New Guinea On

NOVEMBER 10; Messrs. Anderson (2), Blackman, Balfour, Billing, Haynes, Clarence, Cranston, Currie, Davies, Deards, Gilbertz, Gardner, Gallagher, Heron, Hallam, Keywood, Lens, Lyall, Marshall, Pilling, Rondahl, Raynes, Sanderson, Vickery, Williams, Wilson, Price; Mesdames Adelskold, Balfour, Hyland, Heron, Marshall, Pollard, Hallam, Streeter, Vickevy, Thompson; Misses Clapperton, Gallagher, Hayes, Meares, McAdam.

PASSENGERS PER MORINDA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From New Hebrides

Norfolk Is., And Lord Howe Is. On

NOVEMBER 11: Messrs. Austis, Buffett, Barnes, Clarke, Casson, Crothers, Dickson, Eastment, Edge, Fricotte, Greenwood, Howard, Foon, Hewitt, Hefferman, Johnson, McQuarie, Moutray, Marks, Millea, Macmillan, Milne, Morgan, Mulcahy, Pritchard, Peachman, Payten, Rose, Rice, Stewart, Shaw. Smith, Stitt, Thomas, Todd, Williams, Woodburn; Mesdames Dickson, Dowell, Easy, Ea.stment, Gibson, Gary, Heriot, Howard, Lewington. McQuarie, Macmillan, Payten, Stewart, Sauzier, Thomas, Tovey, Williams, Woodburn, Woolnough, Milne, Weymouth; Misses Bowden, Butler.

Baker, Dibley, Dibley, Dowell, Ferrier, Harvey, Hinton, Gary, Keepence, Morcom, Needham, Norman, Nall, Pond, Tomkins, Wickam, Zwar., PASSENGERS PER VAN REES WHICH AR- RIVED IN SYDNEY ON NOVEMBER 12 : Samarai: E. Wilson, Mrs. L. Wilson, Miss E.

Evenett; Rabaul: M. McKay, J. E. Webster, Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Monck; Vila: Mr. and Mrs. G.

Hill and child, Dr. C. Murray, Mrs. I. M. Kebblewhite, W. Marr, Miss A. Noel; Noumea: N. Hardy, Mrs. S. Faivre and child, Mrs. M. Boulanger and child, K. Murakami, Miss V. Buaillon. J. L.

Imbault, Mrs. A. Mortensen, Miss M. Bocquet, Miss L. Dorbritz, Mr. and Mrs. L. Dorbritz, Mrs.

Em. Guichard, G. Kerr, P. de Casteljau, Mrs. G.

Gratian and child, Mrs. C. Johnston and two children, B. Houger, Miss E. Daly, Mrs. J. Journot and child, A. Deroche, Mrs. L. de Casabianca and two children.

PASSENGERS PER LURLINE WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Suva, Fiji. On

NOVEMBER 13: A. Askew, E. G. Banks, E.

Banks, Jnr., Miss Helen Bennet, Mr. and Mrs.

F. J. Colman, Miss C. Donnelly, T. Featherstone, Mr. and Mrs. Loughnan, Mr. and Mrs. N. H.

Mclntyre, A. Ousey, Mrs. A. H. Phillips, Mr.

Pinder, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Scougall, Miss M. L.

Scougall, Mrs. Whitman, Miss Whitman, W. R.

Collas, E. J. Foote, Miss E. B. Geeves, Master J. Johnson, Master H. Jones, Mr. and Mrs. R. P.

Little, Masters Jan. and Colin Little, Mrs. E. A.

Lowell, Master Rex Lowell, J. P. Mayne, Miss E. M. Montier.

PASSENGERS PER MONTORO WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Papua And New

GUINEA ON NOVEMBER 13: Messrs. Adams, Allman, Brown, Butler, Bowden, Bell, Brereton, Clark, Crampton, Caldwell, Ewen, Frankel, Frank, Francis, Fahey, Ferguson, Frame, Gamble, Griffith Hockey, Irvine, Johnson, Keyes, Kuter, McKeahnie, McDonald, Powell, Phillips, Pangrazio, Swanson, Taylor, Thomson, Thomas, Watson, Wood, Waesch; Mesdames Brereton, Brugh, Budden, Clark, Crocker, Dupain, Francis, Garland, Higgins, • Hockey, Irvine, Lees, Mace, Munro, Moore, Normoyle, Roja, Wallace; Misses Cooper, Campbell, Dupain (2), Leader, Mace.

PASSENGERS PER MORINDA WHICH SAIL- ED FROM SYDNEY FOR LORD HOWE IS.

AND NORFOLK IS. ON NOVEMBER 16: Messrs.

Bailey, Chaffer, D’Arcy-Jones, Finley, Fenton, Horner, Howard, Hetherington, Jenkins, Spooner, Shaw, Seaborn, Wickstead; Mesdames Bailey, Bradley, Chaffer, D’Arcy-Jones, Dargan, Evans, Finlay, Guthrie, Horner, Meyer, Pettigrew, Wickstead; Misses Bailey, Davies, Everett, Frazer, Hessford, Murphy, Stuart, Wells.

PASSENGERS PER MALAITA WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Solomon Is. And

RABAUL (N.G.) ON NOVEMBER 16: Messrs.

Fraser, Froy, Greer, Hudson, Heritage, Judd, Lamond, Mason, Small, Sanders, Stokie,' Stock, Stubbings, Williamson, Wells, Wallace (2), Bishop, Aubin, Rev. J. M. Coicaud, Rev. D. Coicaud, Bro.

Burke; Mesdames Fraser, Greer, Gorringe, Hicks, Heritage, Harrison, Murphy, McLaughlin, O’Connell, Sanders, Small; Misses Callachor, Devir, Fitzgerald, Logan, Nisbett, O’Connell, Sanders, Toole. 1 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 4

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCKINTS » nil ill!!' ■M 1 m •« % ill n SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney— Australia v Code Address: "Burphil"

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is.—Lord Howe Is.—Norfolk Is.—New Hebrides—Java and Singapore ADVERTISERS Page Adams, Ltd., Wm. . 65 Arnott’s Biscuits .. 32 Amalgamated Wireless of Aust. Ltd. 76 Ausoline 50 Bains & Co. Ltd. .. 56 Bank of N.S.W. ... 19 Barrington, D.Y.5... 21 Bell, L. L 26 Belvedere 78 Bentley, E. & Sons Ltd 47 Bernhard, H 60 Blau, Julius 58 Breckwoldt & Co. .. 38 Broomfields Ltd. .. 61 Bruce, Robt 64 Brunton’s Flour .. 56 Bullivants Ltd 54 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 B.P. Magazine 27 B.P. (S.S.) Co 42 Buzacott Ltd 64 Cambridge Delicacies Ltd 14 Capell, J 37 Carpenter, W. R.

Ltd ii Cent. Qld Meat ... 35 Coleman Quicklite.. 20 Coles, A. H. J 52 Coral Starch 31 Corrie Tea Co. .. 12 Cousins, R. Y 67 Cranmore Museum . 70 Crossle, Duff and Macintosh Ltd. .. 68 Dangar, Gedye Ltd. 39 Del. C<*tt, H. Pty. .. 73 Dewar’s Whisky ... 25 Dexter, Henry .. 28 Doan’s Pills 26 Donald, A. B. Ltd. 47 Doyle, T- G: 27 Eaton, Ltd., J. W. 65 Electrolytic R. & S.

Co. Ltd 70 Elvy & Co. Ltd. ... 16 Erg Batteries 38 Excelsior Supply Co. 52 Fellows, S. J. & E. 68 Page Field, Cedric 24 Fletcher & Son. ... 43 Flynn, Mrs. W. .. 58 Ford Sherington Ltd. 13 Ford, W. M 54 Ford, Walter .. .. 12 Forsyth, A. & Co.

Ltd 50 Forster’s Bedsteads 26 Fostar’s Shoes Ltd. 15 Foster & Sons, Geo. 71 Foster Clark (Aust.) Ltd 33 Garden Vale Products 34 Garrett & Davidson 47 Gillespie’s Flour ... 34 Goodwin, A. 'E... ..’ 71 Grahame, C 48 Grand Pacific Hotel 46 Guinea Airways Ltd .hi Gunn & Moore Ltd. 27 Hallstrom, E 67 Halvorsen, L 79 Harper, M 38 Harper, Robt., Ltd. 35 Henderson Ltd., R. C. 17 Holbrook’s Ltd. ... 49 Holden’s Air T. .. 80 Hopewood House .. 13 Home, W. & Co.

Ltd 44 Hotel Australia ... 55 Hotel Gnd. Central 20 Hotel St. James ... 59 1.C.1.A.N.Z S 3 Insular Lamps Ltd. 67 Jang Hing Loong.. 44 Jones & Co., Henry 21 Jones & Rickard .. 35 Joubert & Joubert Ltd 58 Kerr Bros. Ltd 49 Kodak Pty. Ltd. .. 18 Koko-Maricopas Co.

Ltd 58 Kopsen & Co. Ltd. 62 Kork-N-Seal Ltd. .. 43 Kriesler (Aust.) Ltd. 57 Lane & Girvan Ltd. 38 Leica Photo Co. .. 24 Page Love, Ltd., J. R. ... 21 Mcllraith’s Ltd. .. 28 Mclntyre & Co., T. 50 McKay, D 34 Mail Order Portrait Co 12 Marr, E. A 74 Maxwell Porter Ltd. 65 Melbourne Hotel ... 44 Morris, Hedstrom Ltd 48 Mowbray House ... 66 Mungo Scott Ltd. . 63 N.D.L 78 Nelson and Robertson 63, 72 New Brit. Express.. 52 Newlands Bros. Ltd. 40 Nicholson & Foster 39 Noyes Bros. Ltd. .. 54 N.S.W. Bookstall Co. 19 Page Ozo Salt Co 56 Pacific Hotels 36 Pacific Taxis 45 Personal Services .. 19 Phillips & House .. 40 Pier Hotel 45 Pike Bros. Ltd. .. 25 Position Wanted .. 73 Prescott Ltd 63 Prouds Ltd 41 Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies Ltd 48 Reed, Wm. E 61 Reid, W. M. ...... 51 Richard’s Remedies 46 Rohu, Sil 29 Rolls Razor Co. Ltd. 29 Royal Packet Co. Ltd. 1 Russell, S 43 Ruston & Hornsby 75 Rutty & Co., M. .. 74 Page Samson, A. J 13 Savage, W. & Co. .. 72 Scott, Ltd., J 37 Scott & Sons 74 Springwood L. Col.. 75 Stanley, Chris 56 Steamships T. Co. .. 78 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Stromberg Carlson (A/sia.) Ltd 23 Summerbell, A. 32, 69 Swallow & Ariell .. 22 Sydney Steel Co. .. 69 Talkeries 43 Tamarang Hostel .. 66 Taubman’s Paints.. 62 Taylor & Co., A. .. 77 Thompson Engineering Co. Ltd 51 Thornthwaite, H. G. S 3 Thorpe’s, Ltd. 30 Page Tillock & Co. Ltd. 31 Tooheys Ltd 30 Tooth & Co iv Trinity Grammar School 16 Trufood 20 Tudor Hotel .. .. 13 T.W.H. Paint .. .. 42 Vincent’s A.P.C. .. 1 Wallis, J. B 69 Walvon Kennels .. 27 Wheeler, B. R 18 West, H 61 West’s Wheels .... 61 Weymark & Son .. 31 White Pty. Ltd., Co. 14 Whitfeld, E. F 68 Wills, W. D. &H. O. 29 Wilson Bros 60 Wright & Co., E. .. 37 Wunderlich Ltd. ... 77 Contents Page Pacific Islands Travellers 1 Britain, America, and Airways in Pacific 3 Pacific Islands Year Book, 1935-36 . 4 Papua Rubber Bounty 5 Administratorship of Samoa 5 Unrest in Solomon Islands 5 Iron Ore Deposit in New Britain .... 5 Fiji Rock Carving 6 S.I. Tribal Clash 6 Fa’a Samoa —A Quaint Custom .... 6 Storm in Suva’s Teacup 7 Lone Voyager’s Death in S.I 7 Growth of Sydney-Tahiti Business . 8 Late Islands News 8 Another Strike at Wau 8 Future of Solomon Islands 9 English Party to Explore Central N.G. 10 Tropicalities 11 About Islands People 12 Tragic Death in New Guinea 15 “John Williams, No. 2” 18 G.E.L. Westbrook’s New Book 19 “Blackbirders” and Their Crimes .... 20 Pa#« Natives as Medical Practitioners .... 22 A Plea for Better Regulation of Mission Activity in N. Guinea .... 25 Aero Club in Tahiti 27 The Old Track in from Salamaua .... 28 Levers’ Experiments on Suwarrow Is. 34 The Waves That Lap Our Shores .. S 7 Men Who Knew Yesterday—No. 3.

Stephan Savage (Cook Is.) 40 Developing French Tourist Traffic in South Seas 43 Fiji’s Three Communities 44 Richest Mine in Papua 49 Gen. McNicoll on Sepik Tour 56 Fashion Hints for Islands Women . . 58 The New Guinea “Mummies” 60 Samoa’s Conditions 63 Housekeeping in the Tropics 66 Pacific Mining Reports 68 ’Plane Crash at Salamaua 74 4PM Broadcasting Station Opened . 75 Islands Produce and Exchange 76 Market Quotations 77 Pacific Shipping Services 78 2 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 5

The Pacific Islands Monthly

The Newspaper-Magazine Of The South Seas

[ Registered at G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission ty post as a newspaper ] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebride*.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New' Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publication Ltd Union Houte, 247 George Street, Sydney.

TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 3408 R Contributions Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands Subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid Post Free &'• Per Annum, elsewhere, prepaid, Post Free . 8/- Single Copies 6d.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON.

ADVERTISEMENTS Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc. by Arrangement.

Process Blocks made at Advertiser's expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

Registered Address for Radiograms and Cables: "PACPUB" Sydney Agents The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for "The Pacific Islands Monthly"— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., and Burns Philp (South Seas) Co., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd.

All Branches of Morris, Hedstrom & Co., Ltd.

G. Thomas & Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai, Papua.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji.

All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

S. Russell, Papeete, Tahiti.

Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga, Cook Is.

Vol. VI., No. 4 Sydney, November 20, 1935 J 6d ‘ PCr C ° Py * Flee i Prepaid: 6/- p.a.

Britain, America, and Airways in the Pacific J)EVELOPMENTS during the month indicate that possibly in 1936 — trans-Pacific air transport services will be established connecting Hawaii and the Philippines in the North Pacific, and Hawaii and New Zealand, in the South Pacific.

The moving spirit in this development is an enterprising and very active American company called Pan-American Airways, which already has established a service between ’Frisco and Hawaii; has formed landing-stations on Midway, Wake and Guam Islands, in readiness for the North Pacific service which will connect Hawaii and the Philippines; and has surveyed various islands (notably Palmyra Howland, Baker, Jarvis) in the Central Pacific with a view to preparing landing-stations for the Hawaii-New Zealand service.

Pan-American Airways, in October, formally asked the New Zealand Government if it would approve of a weekly air-mail service between Hawaii and Auckland. New Zealand, naturally, was interested; but, first, it asked the Home Government what it thought about the matter. mjj started something Britain had A been watch i n g American activities in the Pacifi not with hostility, but with a certain amount of uneasiness. Behind the charter on which Imperial Airways operates there is a great and sound conception—namely, that it is vital to the sa f ety Q f t h e Empire that the airways wh i c h gi ve service to the Empire shall be British-controlled. Imperial Airways’ liners now mn out from London to every i mpor tant section of the Empire, except Canada and New Zealand. It was obvious to anyone who has watched the th ’ of the t British or g an i sa tion the past decade, that the next . T ~ , extension would bring in New Zealand the .f aC J fic But a service embracing 2000-miles hops over empty ocean is not arL eas y thing t 0 visualise or plan.

Into this picture, while Imperial Airways still is unready, has come Pan- American Airways; and it created a pretty problem for British diplomacy.

British public opinion, both in Britain and throughout the Empire, is overwhelmingly friendly to America. The Americans are our liveliest competitors in practically every field of human endeavour, but we do not dislike them on that account. On the contrary, we recognise that, so long as the two great sections of the Anglo-Saxon race keep reasonably close together, following the same humanitarian ideals, the peace of the world, and national progress and individual liberty, will be protected. We fight like tom-cats when we meet en masse— “Doughboys” versus “Diggers” in France in 1918; Union Line versus Matson Line in the Pacific in 1935, for example—but we have the most sincere respect and admiration for each other.

Conditions in the Pacific present us with a typical Anglo-American problem.

There are, roughly, four sides to the Pacific. The United States, with Canada, dominates one; British Dominions (Australia and New Zealand) dominate another; the South American countries, which do not count, represent another side; and the Empire of Japan, which counts very much, completes the square.

There is the problem, as plain and November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 6

m Islands Hostess: A cocktail before kai-kai?

Guest: No, thanks! Doctor’s orders—only soft stuff for me.

House-boy: More better ’e takim this one, Sinabada. Soft stuff ’e no stop beer ’e altogether finish yesterday. embarrassing as any problem well could be: Who is to dominate the Pacific?

S° far as British public is concerned, there is not the slightest desire to compete with America for domination in the Pacific. The Imperial Government will do nothing to irritate American public opinion. Dominions feeling towards America is completely happy. If all the Canadians were transported to Mars, and Canada were filled up with Australians and New Zealanders, not a stick or stone need be shifted along the U.S,A.-Canadian frontier. It would remain, as it is today, an unprotected, imaginary line. We trust the Americans and, in spite of trouble-making Hearsts and sundry wild-mouthed demagogues, we believe that the Americans trust us.

But, in this matter of Pacific influence and balance of power, there is one consideration paramount in every British mind, and that is the need for the protection and conservation of the Empire. The feeling is stronger today than ever before in history; and that is because the British hate war, and recognise that, in a restless, jealous, snarling world, their only hope of safety lies in Imperial unity and readiness.

Airways, supplementing and complementing sea-ways, are vital to inter- Dominions communications and defences.

Dare we surrender the Pacific link of the Imperial airways chain to any non- British nation, even to the friendly Americans ?

With these considerations in mind, let us return to Pan-American Airways and New Zealand, and observe the extremely interesting thing that has happened. It is all summed up in these news messages from London, which were published early in November in the Australian newspapers: New Zealand’s acceptance of the offer of Pan-American Airways to provide a weekly service between San Francisco and Auckland is being discussed in London. There has been no official comment, but it is understood that the British Government intends immediately to seek from America reciprocal rights for the use of American flying-boat bases in the Pacific, in the event of a British flying-boat service being established. It is recognised that New Zealand is fully entitled to make her own arrangements with Pan-American Airways, but there is some apprehension lest the aerial counterpart of the situation in respect to the Matson line of steamships (subsidised) should arise.

United States circles in London are much interested in New Zealand’s deal with Pan-American Airways, as they are aware that Great Britain had recently urged New Zealand to delay arrangements pending a settlement of certain aspects of the 1937 Imperial scheme.

An American authority points out that Pan-American Airways, unlike Imperial Airways, is not connected with the Government, and is at liberty to make its own contracts abroad, but obviously the development of the trans-Pacific service must introduce international considerations, and therefore must become the subject of political discussion between Great Britain, New Zealand and United States.

Pan-American Airways is agreeable to the reciprocal proposal insisted upon by the New Zealand Government, viz., that British aircraft should have the right to use American territory if a British Pacific service is established. Confirmation is now awaited from the American Government.

Simultaneously with the news of Pan- American Airways tentative reciprocal agreement with New Zealand for a transpacific service whereby British aircraft would be entitled to use American islands.

Imperial Airways announces:—“British air transport welcomes the opportunity of co-operating with the United States, which has special interests in the Pacific.

It is hoped that in due course a British trans-Pacific service will operate in close co-operation with Pan-American Airways.

It is considered probable that a British service will operate the route from Vancouver to New Zealand and Australia, and that United States ’planes will fly to the Philippines. Naturally it is our aim to establish an entirely British service round the world,”

This is the first official intimation of British intentions in the Pacific. The fact that the Americans are likely to have a substantial start is not regarded as an obstacle to an amicable division of the services.

Pacific Islands Year Book The 1935-36 Issue rPHE Pacific Islands Year Book, 1935-36,.

A will be published on November 28, and. copies will be available immediately thereafter at a cost of 9/6 (cloth cover) and 7/6 (paper cover), plus an additional 6d.. when postage is required.

This Year Book was published first in; 1932, and it enjoyed a world-wide sale.

The economic depression in 1933-34 madeits re-publication inadvisable, but this year, owing to improved business conditions, and assistance given by a number of leading Pacific firms, it has been reissued, in a revised and extended form.

This issue of the Year Book includes; A new and specially-drawn map of the Pacific.

Maps of all the principal territories and groups; (about 20 in all).

Business directories and lists of European residents in New Guinea, Papua, Solomons, Nauru, Gilbert and Ellice, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Cook Islands, Tahiti.

Latest available statistics relating to the various, administrations.

A newly-compiled history of Pacific explorations- A Pidgin-English vocabulary, A guide for persons proposing to travel in the Pacific.

Photographs and brief biographies of men prominently connected with administration, missions and commerce in the Pacific.

Copies of the book may be obtained in due course from the principal stores and bookshops in the Pacific; or from the publisher, Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney. 4 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 7

IRON ORE Huge Deposit Reported In New Britain MR. W. B. PILLING, a director of Eastern Prospecting Syndicate, No Liability, of Melbourne, who reached Sydney on the Neptuna on November 10, told the “Sydney Morning Herald” that there was .an almost fabulous quantity of high-grade iron ore in New Britain.

He had been sent up by his firm, he said, to make a first-hand survey of the iron-bearing area, and he had found something far greater than had been described in the stories he had heard concerning the locality.

He had been told that the magnetic needles on ship’s compasses had been known to be deflected as much as ten •degrees when passing close to the locality, and he had been able to confirm this indication of a huge deposit of iron.

His firm had purchased an area of 500 acres, right on the sea coast, and he had found here a most remarkable formation.

A moderate estimate was that there was 10,000,000 tons of ore actually in sight, and, as the tendency for iron was to be buried deep in the bowels of the earth it was almost impossible to hazard even a wild guess as to the quantity which lay below.

The nearness to the water’s edge and the fact that there was ample depth to give loading facilities for cargo boats, combined with the cheap labour which would be available, added to the value of the deposit.

This deposit had been discovered by Lieutenant-Colonel J. J. Cummings, formerly city engineer at Newcastle and later Surveyor-General in charge of mines at New Guinea, who came across it when the territory was being taken over from the Germans. He reported it to Mr. Evan G. R. Stanley, the geologist, who in turn reported the discovery to the League of Nations. It seemed remarkable that such a rich potential iron mine should have remained undisturbed so long.

Mr. J. D. Patterson, chairman of directors of the company, who came from Melbourne to meet Mr. Pilling, said that his company had been approached by a Japanese firm, which was anxious to negotiate for the purchase of the complete output of the mine, but he was not at liberty to make any further statement on the matter at the present time.

This huge deposit of iron ore is situated inland and southwards from Talasea, on the northern coast of New Britain, according to Captain A. J. Kenrick, a prominent mining engineer, who has carried out much survey work in New Guinea.

Papua and Dutch N. Guinea. The deposit was discovered by German Government officials, he said, and they worked portion of the area near the coast.

Captain Joseph Chaniel, a well-known figure in New Caledonia and New Hebrides, recently died in Noumea, Born at Antibes, Prance, he ran away to sea as a boy. In 1900 he arrived in Australia as maitre d’armes of the schooner Pacifique.

Shortly afterwards he joined the St. Louis as chief mate, becoming master about 1903, Capt. Chaniel held this command for more than 20 years, trading between Noumea, Newcastle and Sydney. Later he commanded the St. Antoine in the New Caledonian coastal trade, visiting Australia occasionally in the St. Antoine, Neo Hebridais, and other vessels.

Rubber Bounty In

PAPUA Future of the Industry IT is believed in some quarters that, owing to strong representations by Sir Hubert Murray, the 2d per lb bounty on rubber production in Papua will be made a permanent thing. The present system is operating satisfactorily. Australia pays the Papuan planters this bounty; and Australia in return receives all the Papuan rubber, which is absorbed into her own industries.

If this bounty is made permanent it will be really a wonderful thing for the Territory of Papua—and, moreover, it will create in that Territory some very attractive opportunities for young Australians to establish themselves as rubber planters.

There is in Papua plenty of land suitable for rubber planting;, and rubber production there is not under the restrictions which are in operation in other rubber-growing countries.

Tavua’S Discoverer

Mr. William Borthwick (better known as “Bill” Borthwick), who discovered the Tavua goldfield, in Northern Fiji. He arrived in Sydney from Suva on November 2, with his friends Mr. Pat Costello and Mr. A. Ousey.

Mr. Borthwick is 76, and afraid to stop working (said the Melbourne Herald) He has seen too many miners retire and die to want to follow their example. So he has a full programme before him—on to Melbourne, the excitement of risking some of his mining gains on the Cup, and then up to North Queensland where, with Mr. Costello, he proposes to look round for gold near Charters Towers, Rockhampton and Cairns.

Mr. J. A. Ewen, manager of Messrs.

Burns, Philp, and Co.’s Timbur depot at Kokopo, New Britain, sailed from Sydney for Rabaul by the Montoro in November.

Administrator of Western Samoa Several Names Mentioned THE appointment of an Administrator of Western Samoa to succeed Sir Herbert Hart, who recently retired, is expected to be made shortly by the Government (said the “New Zealand Herald,” in October). More than half a dozen men have been mentioned as possibilities for the post, but it is understood the Government’s choice will be made from a more limited field.

Perhaps the most likely candidate is Mr. H. F. Ayson, Resident Commissioner in the Cook Islands and a former Judge of the Native Land Court, who has had nearly 20 years’ experience in native administration. He first went to the Islands in 1918, and four years later he was appointed Resident Commissioner, a position in which ever since he has shown conspicuous ability.

In certain circles there is a feeling that the Government should send to Samoa a man who has not a more or less marked army affiliation and that the time has come for the appointment of one who has made a study of the problems of the Polynesian race.

Others who are stated to be possible candidates for the position are Mr. A. C.

Turnbull, secretary to the Administration, and at present Acting-Administrator, and Sir Charles Statham, Speaker of the House of Representatives, who has announced his intention of retiring from Parliament this year. The names of Mr.

J. H. Luxford, Chief Judge in Western Samoa, Mr. Wyvern Wilson, S.M., of Auckland, and Mr. C. R. Orr-Walker, S.M., of Timaru, have also been mentioned.

Unrest In Solomon

ISLANDS Plantation Workers Assault Manager From Our Own Correspondent GIZO, Nov. 1.

A PLANTATION manager in the Faisl district, Mr. Helm, was assaulted by his plantation labourers and seriously injured. He was so badly hurt that he was sent by launch to Kieta in Bougainville for surgical aid, and from there he went on to Rabaul for an X-ray survey. It is reported that he has gone on to Sydney.

News of this assault was transmitted from Kieta to Tulagi, and the Government vessel Tulagi, with Messrs. Masterman and Kidston on board, was sent to enquire into the matter. Seven plantation labourers were arrested and brought to Tulagi, and there they were sentenced to terms of imprisonment, varying from six months to four years.

It is reported here that Mr, Sutton, manager of Foura Plantation, regards the situation among his labourers there as dangerous.

Mr. Musgrave, of Koreovoca Plantation, was so uneasy about conditions in his labour lines that he had his whole gang taken into Gizo for an interview with the District Officer, The Government official took steps which apparently proved effective, for these boys (Makeros) are reported now to be quiet. 5

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 8

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Rock-Carvings From Fiji

THE accompanying picture is a photograph of rubbings of the various script found recently by Mr. A. J. Vogan on ruins of an old wall, fencing-in what probably was a sanctuary many hundreds of years ago, at Duk-ni-ba, Vanua Levu.

Fiji.

“This name,” writes Mr. Vogan, “means in our language ‘Behind the Fence,’ and thus carries on to our day the evidence of the fallen stones themselves.

“The deeply cut cryptoglyphs were recognised by the late L. T. Griffin, of the Auckland Institute and Museum, whose Egyptology had received world recognition, to be similar to those of the Yasawa temple-carvings, which the P.I.M. illustrated three years ago, and to be of Asian origin. French friends recognise them as similar to temple markings in Indo-Chine; and I am in correspondence with Dr. Tatsuzo Torii, the foremost Japanese archaeologist, as they appear to be similar to script found in Bolivia, South America.

“I should be very glad if you would find space for these ancient script, as some of your Islands readers may have come across similar ones, and may see their way to assist in elucidating the old track of the early Asian settlers, traders, or explorers across the Pacific. We have traced them from Java, via New Caledonia, to Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia’s east coast.”

Fa’A Samoa

Old Traditions and Native Customs APIA, October 27.

EUROPEANS resident here, even old residents, are often interested by manifestations of that mysterious thing called “fa’a Samoa.”

“Fa’a Samoa,” literally translated, is *Tn Samoan fashion” or “In the Samoan way.” But the true meaning is impossible to translate. “Fa’a Samoa” covers all those things in which the life of the Samoan and Samoan-born differs from the life of the white man.

For example, Samoan residents were surprised recently when one of our much respected citizens, who had been unable to get any kind of employment for years, suddenly arranged a birthday celebration in the best style of “fa’a Samoa,” and sent printed invitations to a dance and a complete Samoan feast. It was a very fine affair, and hundreds of Samoans danced and made merry beneath electric lights hung in a grove of breadfruit trees beside the home of the host. A soft breeze rustled through the fronds of the coconut palms, and a full moon shed its silver light over the merry-makers.

What had happened? It simply meant that “fa’a Samoa” had spread its beneficent protection over the white man, who had married into an established Samoan family, and had accordingly provided him with the means necessary to celebrate an important family event in due and traditional fashion. The European in his own sphere might be unemployed and ignored by his fellows; but when a family celebration was concerned “fa’a Samoa” saw to it that he was not friendless. And so we had the feast— heaps of taro and bananas, piles of succulent pig and poultry, fish, crabs, meats, luscious fruit and beverages, wild pigeon done to a turn, salads, trifles, cakes and sweets; and a band to play crooning music for the dance!

New Guinea’S New

SHILLINGS From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, Nov. 1.

NEW GUINEA shillings will be put into circulation in the Territory on December 2. After that date it will be illegal for the banks to issue any shillings other than the new coins.

The local currency has a nondescript design and is perforated in the centre with a small hole for the purpose of enabling natives to carry their wealth on a string. The size is approximately the same as the Australian shilling.

BILLIARDS CHAMPION AT PT.

MORESBY PT. MORESBY, Oct. 22.

MR. GEORGE GRAY, former world’s champion billiards player, arrived at Pt. Moresby by the Montoro on October 13, and left by ’plane for Wau on Oct. 16, after giving an exhibition of his prowess in the Institute Hall.

Mr. Gray delighted his audience with a fund of trick shots and some advice to struggling players. A well-known resident accepted a friendly challenge, with disconcerting results.

Missing Seaman Delays

MONTORO From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 24.

ON October 13, the departure of the Montoro from Port Moresby for Samarai and New Guinea was delayed owing to the disappearance of one of the crew. A hurried search did not reveal him, and the vessel left.

The man was eventually found in the town by the police, and later taken to the European hospital for treatment.

Tribal Clash

Broken Tapu Leads to Serious Assault From Our Own Correspondent GIZO, Nov. 1.

IT is reported elsewhere that there is unrest among plantation labourers in the northern Solomon Islands. Another kind of trouble has been reported among natives here.

The local natives of Lukra, Rendova Island, Gizo District, visited the neighbouring island of Tetipari, for the purpose of selling fruit and vegetables to the residents of the plantation there.

Joni Curri, the Methodist Mission teacher, accompanied by his wife (a halfcaste woman) was of the party. During their stay at Tetipari, this woman is said to have entered some tanuboo (forbidden) place of the Malaita men; so, to get the matter settled, on the first opportunity they went over to Lukra in a body, led by Eropena, their boss, who acted as spokesman.

They landed at Lukra and the argument started. Seeing no way out of it, Joni Curri shut up Eropena with a blow on the jaw. The latter retaliated by felling Joni to the ground.

At that stage, the teacher’s brother grabbed a knife and ran it in and out through Eropena’s body. He then slashed another Malaita boy across the abdomen with the knife. The latter wound is not considered dangerous; but in the other case the knife went through the lung, and he is not expected to recover.

The Government vessel Tulagi, on her way back from Faisi, called to pick up representatives of all sides in that row, and took them on to Tulagi for medical care—and trial.

Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Heron, of Tovakumdum plantation, Rabaul, accompanied by Miss Clapperton, of Kywong, N.S.W., arrived in Sydney from New Guinea en route to Melbourne, by the Neptuna, on November 10. 6 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 9

Storm In Suva'S

TEACUP The Mayor and a Referendum 'T'HE Municipal Council of Suva, Fiji, on October 26, in opposition to the wishes of the Governor, took a referendum of electors on the question: “Do you approve of Government control of the municipality of Suva?”

The answer was: Yes, 64; No, 295.

The plan that Suva municipality should be controlled by a council nominated by the Governor, instead of one elected by the residents appears to be the only alternative to eventual confusion and strife.

Already, the Indians vastly outnumber the Europeans, and they naturally demand equal franchise rights.

The leader of the opposition to the nominative council system, and the promoter of the referendum, is Hon. Alport Barker, mayor of Suva. Mr. Barker also is editor of the local newspaper. We have read the reports of council meetings, and the newspaper’s editorials; and, apparently, Mr. Barker’s main argument is that ancient, demogogic one: “The people must not be deprived of their democratic rights,”

It is very remarkable. Mr, Barker talked as if he were a mayor-cum-editor in Australia or New Zealand. He appeared to be blind to the entirely different conditions of Fiji, and blissfully ignorant of the history of Indian settlement in the Empire during the last 20 or 30 years.

The vote (295 to 64) was practically valueless. The people, hearing only one side of the question—for the full case for the Government was not presented—voted with Mr. Barker, in the direction in which their inclinations quite naturally lay.

We must respect Mr. Barker’s fearlessness and capacity for independent thought: but we think he would have rendered much better public service if he had removed himself from the atmosphere of petty municipal politics, and sought the broad-visioned. Imperial viewpoint. He seems to have quite missed the point that there is another important Imperial issue involved in this storm in the Suva teacup.

Actually it does not matter twopence whether Suva is controlled by a nominated or elected council; but it is important that 5000 Europeans, 85,000 Indians and 100,000 Fijians should live happily together in this very rich Crown Colony.

Mr. Barker should go and live in Australia, and learn a few things about his precious “democracy.”

Mr. F. R. Charlton, Commissioner of Lands in Fiji, has been appointed a nominated member of the Legislative Council.

S.S. MAKAMBO On the Beach at Vila A FTER considerable investigation, Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., decided that it was not possible to repair the S.S. Makambo, 1,100 tons, which has been running in the B.P. service for about 28 years. The Makambo, latterly, had been carrying on the inter-island service in the New Hebrides, but had developed a need for overhaul and repairs.

The Makambo has now been put up on the beach at Vila, and probably will remain there. All her equipment is still aboard, under care of a watchman.

The S.S. Mirani, of about 650 tons, was brought from New Guinea to Vila in October, in charge of a temporary crew, and has taken the place of the Makambo in the New Hebrides run.

The Mirani was brought from Rabaul to Vila by Messrs. Hilderbrand (captain), Holder (mate), Mulcahy (second mate), Ferris (chief engineer), and Morgan (second engineer), and a crew of New Guinea boys. The Makambo’s officers and crew took over in Vila, and the men from the Mirani lived on the Makambo for a few weeks, until they could get passage to Sydney.

Oroville Co.’S Seaplane

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Nov. 2.

'T'HE Oroville Dredging Co.’s Short Scion seaplane, in charge of Flight-Lieutenant Stuart Campbell, arrived in Port Moresby on October 25 with Mr. Ward Williams as passenger. The flight was made from the company’s base camp 550 miles up the Ply River and was uneventful, except for a few hours’ stop at Kikori, in the Delta Division, Mr. Ward Williams left Port Moresby for Australia on furlough by the Montoro on October 31.

The ’plane will shortly return to the Fly River, where Mr. Campbell will continue his survey of the Oroville Company’s 29,000 square miles mineral concession in the Western Division.

Lone Voyager’S

DEATH Uncontrolled Yacht Drifts On To Reef From Our Own Correspondent TULAGI, Oct. 15.

T'HE end of a long adventure came a few weeks ago when the Chance, a converted lifeboat, which was doing one of the long single-handed adventure trips which are now one of the few remaining outlets for the spirit of discovery and selfreliance that persists in man, drifted into Kia Passage, Ysabel, with the body of a man of 72 years, apparently dead some days.

So far as is known here, the adventurer was an American, and had contributed articles to various newspapers on his experiences. Probably he would have asked no better ending to his voyage or his life, than to pass away in the midst of his travels. Up to the present time the vessel has not been brought into Tulagi.

How Captain Dow Died

From Our Own Correspondent Nov. 1.

From information to hand it is possible to piece together a lonely tragedy of the sea—the death of one of those travellers who have, escaped the horrors of civilisation by wandering about the Pacific Islands in a yacht.

Captain John Dow left New York in the Chance, with his friend, Captain J.

H. Meyers, and sailed for the Pacific. His companion left him at Panama and he went on alone, among the Islands.

Somewhere in the Pacific he developed malaria, and became very ill—so ill, indeed, that he was not able to steer his vessel, and could write only feebly in his log.

When he was nearing the end he lashed his steering wheel and lay down. Two days later he got up and prepared some soup; but he was unable to eat it. Then he wrote a letter which was to be read in case he died, and his boat was found.

The next thing that is known is that the natives at Kia Passage, Ysabel, In th® Solomon Islands, reported that a small yacht with a flag at half-mast had drifted on and off the reef there, and behaved in a way that suggested there was no one on board. The natives went out in a canoe and boarded the vessel, and found the body of a white man, who had been dead for some time.

This information and the story of the lonely voyager’s death, as disclosed in his paper, was brought by the Government vessel Gizo when she returned here on October 15 from her annual overhaul at Tulagi.

Bird Hunter In Papua

Prom Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 21.

AFTER spending some months collecting rare birds on Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Group, to the east of Papua, Mr. F. Shaw Mayer arrived in Port Moresby on October 17, from Samarai.

Mr. Mayer leaves shortly for the Mekeo district, where he hopes to make a further collection. He then will leave for England.

The old Makambo, as she now rests on the beach at Vila, New Hebrides.

A Tongan Noble’s Family: The children of Chief Ata, one of the most able men in the present Parliament of Tonga- 7

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 10

Tropical Growth!

Romantic History of a Sydney- Tahiti Business ANE dark day in 1931, Mr. W. M. Reid had a financial stocktaking. He had retired several years earlier, but a combination of Depression, Mr. Lang, and World Unrest, had knocked his investments endways. That day he had paid out in income tax more money than he had actually received in income during the previous year.

So Mr. and Mrs. Reid docided to flee from depression, to a charming country they knew well —Tahiti. Before leaving, Mr. Reid went out among his old Sydney friends and sought agencies. “Perhaps I can make enough out of commissions to cover steamer fares,” said he.

When he arrived in Tahiti, he was authorised to sell Brunton’s flour, Kitchen’s soaps. F. J. Walker’s canned meats, Johnny Walker whisky, and one or two other things. Among his samples were two tons of flour.

Business dragged. Tahiti purchased mostly American foods, and was set in its ways. It looked as if Mr. Reid would have to give the flour away, or pay freight back to Sydney, or eat it himself.

There were seven Chinese bakers in Papeete, all wedded to Californian flour.

But Chinamen always are sportsmen, Mr. Reid went to each of the bakers.

“The Brunton slogan is ‘More Loaves to the Bag.’ ” said he. “Here is a bag of flour. Make it into bread. If you don’t get more loaves out of it than out of the same amount of American flour, you can have this flour for nothing. If you do get more loaves you can pay for the flour and give me an order.”

Every man accepted. Each of them got more loaves, and each did as he had promised. From that time on, all of those seven bakers have used Australian flour.

Tahitians ate only American canned meat. Mr. Reid would go among them, open a tin of Australian meat under their dainty noses, and persuade them to eat it. “Bon!” they said. “Tres bon!” They began to ask for Australian meat.

The 18th Amendment was still dominating social life in the United States.

Papeete was a kind of clearing-house for gigantic bootlegging operations. Mr. Reid, with his whisky agency, found himself in the thick of it. He secured orders for thousands of pounds worth of the Scottish brew.

When he returned to Sydney, some months later, Mr. Reid obtained a small office, and spent a profitable month buying and shipping foods to Tahiti. Then a mall came in from Tahiti, with many more orders, and he was kept busy for another month. That was the beginning of the business of W. M. Reid, Pacific Islands agent.

New agencies came his way. A member of the Arnott family said to him one day: “There isn’t an Arnott biscuit in all Tahiti.” Mr. Reid looked into the matter. To-day, large consignments of Arnott’s biscuits go to French Oceania by every steamer.

The business has grown amazingly. In 1931 the staff comprised Mr. Reid and Mrs. Reid, who acted as his secretary.

To-day there are 21 persons on the salary list in Sydney. They ship to Tahiti “everything from pigs to precious stones.”

They have introduced the Nyngan goats (a special strain of milkers) to Polynesia —also dogs, pigs, horses. Mr. Reid has bought many Australian racehorses for Tahiti clients —and every notable race there, in the last four years, has been won by an animal selected and shipped by W.M.R.

The firm has established active agencies in Fiji and New Guinea, but the bulk of its business is done with Tahiti. This is all new trade for Australia —practically the whole of it was taken from the Americans.

Gloomy people say there are no opportunities left for enterprise in the Pacific and that Australian goods cannot compete with foreign products, anyway. Mr. W.

M. Reid supplies the answer. It is not a respectful answer.

Miss Mildred Hancock and Miss Ida R.

Malone have been appointed Matron and Sister respectively at the Presbyterian Mission’s Paton Memorial Hospital, Vila, New Hebrides. Sisters M. L. Neave and Jean Burnell, who have been at the Vila hospital for some years, have retired, and are returning to Victoria. This institution was erected as a memorial to the late Rev. Dr. John Paton, who founded the Presbyterian Mission in New Hebrides.

Late Islands News SYDNEY, Nov. 18.

FIJI reports £41,662 Governmental surplus for the year, making an accumulated surplus of £552,787. Import duties have been reduced on beer, meat, fish, sharps, and pollard. Exports for the year were £350,000, and imports £208,000. The Fiji £ is still devaluated, being 12% per cent, under sterling—probably the most remarkable exchange position in the world.

Several diamond drills have arrived on the Tavua goldfield, Fiji, and the vital question of whether the gold “lives at depth” should soon be answered.

If it does, this is a very rich goldfield; if it does not, it still is a good goldfield, but every ounce of gold will have to be taken out of the upper strata to justify the fancy prices that have been paid for Fiji goldmine shares.

Warm praise of Sir Hubert Murray’s work in Papua, and of the success of his native policy, has been voiced in various directions lately. This may be interpreted as a warning to the Commonwealth Government, and a protest against an irresponsible political appointment to the Lieutenant-Governorship of Papua, of which there have been persistent rumours.

Messrs. Crosby, a Melbourne firm, have bought steamers Nauru Chief, 2934 tons (formerly in Nauru phosphate trade), and Tower Abbey, 5328 tons, and will run a cargo service from Australia to Philippines and Hongkong.

President of U.S.A., on November 15, signed decree giving independence to Philippines, and constituting the Philippines Commonwealth. 30 STRIKE AT WAU Trouble With Workmen At Golden Ridges Mine, T.N.G.

A BOUT 30 workmen and miners at New Guinea Goldfields Ltd.’s Golden Ridges mine, near Wau, are on strike.

They have been out since November 9, and, when we go to press, the dispute is still unsettled.

Since August, eight engine-drivers have been pressing for an increase in wages of 4/- a day, from 26/- to 30/. On Saturday, November 9, they decided to cease work unless the matter was adjusted. Early the following week another 20 or more miners and artisans, although not directly concerned in the controversy, joined the strikers.

When N.G.G., Ltd., refused to accede to the men’s requests, they cabled the Federated Engine Drivers’ Union in Australia for support. It is understood that their case was received unsympathetically by the Trades Hall officials, as the New Guinea scale of wages is far in excess of what Australian unionists receive. In any event, the Union, having no official recognition in the Territory, would carry little weight with the authorities.

At present the strikers are occupying N.G.G.’s quarters; and, if a settlement is not reached shortly, it is understood the company will force the issue with a request to the employees to vacate its houses before steps are taken to eject them. Should terms be reached, it is understood that New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., will not reinstate the engine-drivers.

This is the second recent strike at Golden Ridges. In September, 15 miners struck for an increase of 9/- per day.

After a conference with the mine manager, the men returned to work.

Interim dividend at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum for the six months ended September 30 last, being equal to 1/- per £1 share, was declared payable on November 15 by Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd.

For 1933-34 10 per cent, was paid.

Mr Reid celebrated the fourth anniversary of the establishment of his Sydney-Tahiti export business by entertaining his staff at his home in Springwood, N.S.W. Mr. Reid, with Mrs. Reid beside him, is near the left of the group. 8 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 11

Future Of Solomon Islands

Arguments For and Against Australian Control Letter to the Editor. f’ OULD the Solomon Islands be administered from Rabaul?”

The question, given prominence in your issue dated July 23. has for long exercised the minds of settlers and those t°^ er c S ou:t h r°y. haVe ’ indir6Ctly ’ " in The answer vouchsafed by many thinking, responsible persons may be summed up in the phrase “Why not?” This reply, it must be confessed, is based largely on the prevailing feeling that any change in administrative control can hardly fall short of being an improvement on the apathetic, entirely selfish and futile methods that now obtain.

Your contention that S.I. officials are not always to blame for much of the weakness and inefficiency with which they are frequently charged will meet with fairly general acceptance. They are by no means faultless; but that aspect of the matter is subsidiary to the much more important one of London-Suva, or Canberra-Rabaul control, and may be regarded as a detail which doubtless would receive attention if, and when, a change ° f^ dministration took place - The statement that “there is nothing Inherently wrong with what is done by Suva ’ raises a tempest of protest. There is an appalling lack of interest, sympathy ana understanding of the conditions and of th e Solomons, combined with a disdainful attitude towards all representations by those who do know and are e?nme r nt ed nf°^ the p We f lfa f e a + nd S£ d gOV ‘ ernment of the Protectorate. The case fJLcTiT- bUVa r , Ule was / tated at some length m your columns a few months ago under the caption “Should the Governor of Fiji be High Commissioner for the Western Pacific,- and it is unnecessary to quote here the reasoned arguments advanced by your contributor. Epitomised, they were (if Mr. Kipling will forgive the liberty with his immortal lines): at Su a va 'SSJT* °* *° l — But if this question of change in the territorial ownership of the Solomons is to become a subject of practical politics, and is to receive the serious consideration it deserves, care must be taken to guard against the dissemination of erroneous information and exaggerated statements.

S.I. affairs are not intimately known in Australia, and consequently it is not surprising to find unintentional errors appearing in an article presumably based on a mass of correspondence, much of which is from well-intentioned, but not always well-informed sources.

The statement that the Solomons are a heavy and continuing expense to the Colonial Office is right off the track, and unfortunately conveys the misleading impression that Australia may be asked to take over a bankrupt group of islands.

Unlike Papua, which is a heavy and continuing drain upon the Commonwealth Treasury, the Solomons have never received nor asked for a subsidy from the Colonial Office. On the contrary, the Protectorate not only meets its administrative costs, but pays a proportion of the expense of maintaining the Western Pacific High Commission, besides contri- J?} 111 ?* £ 3 ’ o .°? pt T annum towards the bloated subsidy which the Commonwealth Government expends on a shipping service that benefits New Guinea not less than it does the Solomons.

Notwithstanding these charges for extraneous services the Protectorate balance sheet on March 31, 1935, showed an accumulated surplus of over £60,000, The domination of Australian commercial interests, suggested as constituting an embarrassment to the Colonial Office, is a natural condition inevitable by reason of the contiguity of the group to Australia. There is no embarrassment or ill-feeling on that score; but if Australian control promises to result in putting the brake on the near-domination of Chinese commercial interests within the Protectorate (desirable from the point of view of Australian defence policy), you may be assured that that factor alone would weigh heavily with Islanders in favour of the change-over.

It is not at all clear why it should be assumed that Unilever interests would oppose the transfer of the Solomons to Australia; and, even if they did, surely Australia would not allow a commercial combine, however powerful, to dominate considered Imperial and national policy?

But the suggested opposition seems nebulous. All the copra produced by Lever’s Pacific Plantations in the Solomons is shipped to, and manufactured into Unilever products, in Australia. Levers would experience less difficulty than almost any other producer in the Solomons in complying with existing New Guinea regulations. Their estates are organised on approved lines, and the quality of the copra they produce will compare favourably with any in the world.

Incidentally, the higher price obtained for New Guinea copra, as compared with the average Solomon product, is not entirely due (as appears to be implied) to the system of grading and inspection in force in New Guinea. Grading and inspection may help to maintain and ensure the standard of quality, but the market places a higher value on hot-air dried copra than on that which is smoke-dried, and, in the method of curing, Solomons plantations, with some exceptions, lag behind those of N.G. But that lee-way will be made up in due course, irrespective of the Administration in control.

A group of Apia residents, western Samoa, who joined in the celebration of the anniversary of the Chinese Republic, on October 10. The Chinese Vice-Consul, Mr. Pan,is jfourth from the left, in the front row. Next to him is Mis pan; and also in the front row are Mr. Norrie, Commissioner for Labur, and Hon. I. H. Carruthers, M.L.C. 9

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 12

The so-called problem presented by the Malaita-man is absurdly over-rated, and there is not the slightest need to send a platoon of district officers and patrolleaders to subdue him. Heaven save us from any such colossal folly. Malaita is at present administered by one district officer, with a dozen or so native police, and they haven’t had a scrap for years.

The much-maligned Malaita-man is a virile, husky individual, reputed to be the best and most dependable worker in the Pacific. Practically all the plantations in the Solomons are staffed by Malaita labour, and the fear of these “wild” tribesmen being attracted to New Guinea is the chief objection present in the minds of employers to the Solomons coming under Australian control when, presumably, natives would be free to proceed from the one territory to the other.

It is true that the Malaita-man displays independence and even arrogance on occasion, but in that he is not a unique specimen of humanity—black or white —and properly treated and handled he is loyal, obedient and courageous.

Let it be understood that the Malaitaman has a justifiable grievance against the Administration, a grievance which, long simmering in the mind of an untutored, inarticulate aboriginal, in time assumes the proportions of a serious injustice; and that mental condition has been responsible for any “boil-over” of pent-up feelings that has occurred in the past. In the Solomons generally, and on the island of Malaita particularly, district officers and police are primarily taxcollectors. In effect, taxes are extorted at the point of the bayonet.

The Malaita-man cannot understand — and he is not alone in his incomprehension—why he should have to pay a tax for which he receives no service in return.

Government, whose paramount aim is to display a financial “profit” in the business of administration, takes, but gives nothing—except to Civil Servants. It is no exaggeration to say that the provision of a hospital or two, adequately staffed and equipped, and the establishment of an elementary school, would do more good and confer more lasting benefit than a regiment of district officers and policemen—and the Malaita problem would cease to trouble.

But in the Solomons the fundamental function and obligation of a “Protectorate” government has been lost sight of, and the spectacle is witnessed of New Guinea, a comparative tyro in the sphere of native administration, setting an example and showing the way in so far at least as the provision of medical and educational services to natives are concerned.

The advantages and disadvantages of Australian control of the Solomons are too numerous and complex to be dealt with adequately in a letter; but the question you have raised is of profound interest and importance, and would furnish a fitting subject for close investigation in both territories by an impartial Commission appointed by the Commonwealth Government, in conjunction with the British Colonial Office.

I am, etc., ASTROLABE.

Tulagi, S.I., 19/10/’35.

Rev. T. N. Deller, of Bau, who has done notable work in Fiji during the past 14 years for the Methodist Mission, will shortly leave the Colony and settle permanently in Australia. It is reported that he hopes to take a circuit in Queensland for the Methodist Church.

Buka “Fanat Agism”

WANING Twelve Natives Imprisoned; Ring-leader Uncaptured From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, Nov. 3.

LATEST reports regarding the outbreak of religious “fanatacism” in Buka and Northern Bougainville indicate that the unrest is on the wane.

A Government official recently made a patrol through the affected areas and arrested 12 of the agitators, all of whom were tried and sentenced to varying periods of imprisonment. The ringleader, Sanapo, is still at large, having hidden somewhere in the bush on the island of Buka.

Exhibits during the trials included native-made flags, bearing the initial “P” and crosses in several designs. The initial stands for the name of the native Pako, who was implicated in the fanatic movement in 1932. He was arrested, tried and imprisoned, and died while serving his sentence.

Sanapo is alleged to have received a “visit” from Pako in a dream and been instructed to spread reports among the natives of the coming resurrection and the supplies of foodstuffs which would be made available to all “believers.”

LEAHY BROS.

To Lead British Party Into Central New Guinea SEEKING native specimens in Mount Hagen region for the British Museum, an English party under Lord Moyne will shortly leave London for New Guinea in the peer’s luxury yacht Rosaura. The expedition will be led by Messrs. Michael and James Leahy, the Australian explorers, who already have done much pioneering work in Central New Guinea.

For several years the Leahy Brothers have prospected for gold in the Mt. Hagen area and are on friendly terms with the natives in that uncontrolled area. It is hoped to obtain enough specimens of axes, knives, spears and primitive native wares to add a special section to the British Museum’s valuable collection.

Born in Dublin in 1880, Lord Moyne is the third son of the first Earl of Iveagh.

He served in the South African War, being wounded and mentioned in despatches, and won the D.S.O. in the Great War. Entering politics in 1906, he was Under-Secretary for War during 1922-23, Financial Secretary to the Treasurer from 1923-25, and Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries from 1925 to 1929. Before being raised to peerage he was Colonel Walter Guinness.

The Rosaura, which replaced Lord Moyne’s yacht Roussalka (wrecked in 1933 in a fog off the Irish coast), is described as the most luxurious vessel ever fitted in a British shipyard for a private person.

Formerly she was the English Channel passenger steamer Dieppe. Two pet monkeys, which always accompany the owner on hia travels, have special accommodation in the saloon.

In February last Lord Moyne’s yacht, with several distinguished English guests aboard, visited Sydney, making a brief call at Rabaul on her return voyage to England.

Through Papuan

JUNGLE Heroic Night Journey by Two White Women to Save Sick Neighbour From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 27.

DEEDS of heroism by white women have become a commonplace in Papua, so much so that they are treated with a certain indifference by settlers, and seldom do those who perform them suffer from the embarrassment of a thunder of applause. Occasionally an outstanding incident occurs which by its exceptional character startles the residents from their composure and calls forth a loud tribute of praise.

Such an incident occurred early in October in the eastern end of Papua, when two white women, Mrs. H, R. Glanville and Miss D. Irwin, travelled throughout the night on foot for 35 miles over extremely difficult and treacherous country to attend a sick neighbour.

The wife of the manager of Mamai Plantation, Port Glascow, fell dangerously sick, and her husband, Mr. W. G. Blundell, hearing of a trained nurse at Mogubu Plantation, off Amazon Bay to the west, sent in haste for her assistance. The message arrived late one afternoon, and without hesitation, the nurse, Mrs. Glanville, and the daughter of the manager, Miss Irwin, set off in the gathering darkness to cross Amazon Bay for Milport Harbour and Port Glascow with two natives and some food for the journey.

Unfortunately, high tide forced them to cut inland to scale the steep cliffs that fall sheer to the water’s edge, and to climb the rocky heights behind, which are the chief features of the coastal district.

Thick jungle and broken country lay beyond and for five hours they struggled through, until by midnight they were faced with a 1,300 ft. bluff which they climbed, only to descend later to swamps.

These they scrambled through with only the light of a hurricane lantern to guide them, and again entered jungle.

Two and a half hours later, nearing Port Glascow, they passed through villages, whose bewildered inhabitants turned out to gaze in astonishment at the two white women as they pushed off in canoes into the black darkness of the harbour on the last lap of their journey before crossing the hills to Mamai. They reached Mamai at five in the morning, after eleven hours’ hard going, and were ready to attend immediately to the patient. Happily they arrived in time to save her from the dreaded disease of Papua—blackwater fever.

This deed of heroism is certainly one for which these two white women have deservedly earned the admiration and congratulations of all residents throughout the Territory.

Patrol Officer J. O’Malley, who accompanied Mr. Jack Hides, A.R.M., on the recent successful expedition through the unknown north-west country of Papua, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui from Sydney on October 24. Since August last he had been in Australia on special leave, recovering from the effects of the hazardous trip through the limestone area. Mr. Hides will return to the Territory in December. 10 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 13

STERLING

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TROPICALITIES THERE can be no more fascinating hobby than that followed by Mr. A. .J. Vogan, who has wandered far and wide over the Pacific, seeking traces of ancient .migrations and extinct cities. Within recent years he has been in New Caledonia, in Eastern Papua and in various ■corners of Fiji, and in all those places he has secured details and photographs of mysterious things which may some day help in piecing together the story of what happened in these Pacific lands long before the advent of the white man. Mr.

Vogan has an extraordinary collection of books and documents dealing with the •early history of mankind. From certain of his manuscripts he has prepared plans .and details of an ancient city which he •claims once existed near the Upper Mississippi, in North America; and he has .given these to his friend, Mr. E. J. Bryce, -of Sydney. Mr. Bryce has been travelling Jn Central Asia and Russia, and is now on Jus way to the West Indies and Mexico.

He has promised to go and examine the .site of Mr. Vogan’s ancient city. Mr.

Vogan says that the city was destroyed some 2,000 years ago and that it was once the home of millions of people. * * * IT is reported in the Sydney newspapers that, in 1936, Cinesound Ltd. (a Sydney firm which makes cinema films), in conjunction with United Artists, will make a film based on lon Idriess’s book, “Gold Dust and Ashes,” which tells the story of the discovery of the New Guinea goldfield. * * * THE Administrator of the tiny phosphate island of Nauru was originally the most absolute ruler in the world (said Sir Robert Garran, in an address recently in Melbourne). His ordinances were not subject to disallowance by anyone, and he was bound by no instructions. But a supplementary agreement of 1933 between the high contracting parties—Britain, Australia, and New Zealand—clipped his wings a little. Little legislation in such a simple and orderly community had been necessary, however. No budget difficulties worried the Administration. The expenses of administation, as far as they were not met out of other revenue, were defrayed out of the proceeds of phosphates. ♦ • ♦ X>ILL BORTHWICK, who discovered the new Fiji goldfield, put £2 on Peter Pan at the Melbourne Cup; and declared he would back the animal every time it started in a race. Everyone thought the prospector was merely demonstrating faith in a marvellous bit of horseflesh; but the reason, while sentimental, was quite different. It appears that, 60 years ago, at Dumfries Academy, in Scotland, Borthwick had a schoolmate, one James Barrie. This was the same person who afterwards wrote “Peter Pan,” and became world-famous as Sir James Barrie.

Borthwick, at the Cup, met a man whom he had not seen for 39 years, when they were fellow-miners together in New Zealand. Borthwick now has gone off to Queensland where, despite his age and his bank balance (both represented in high units), he is going to do some more prospecting. * ♦ ♦ T ORD BEAUCHAMP, who is spending > some months in Sydney, following a visit to Tahiti, received a ceremonial visit from a young Polynesian chief the other day. Teuira Tuteao, a cousin of Koroki. the Maori king, presented the felicitations of the Kingite tribes as once, many years ago, Lord Beauchamp was the manuhiri, or guest of the late King Mahuta, at Waahi, near Huntley, New Zealand.

Teuira Tuteao (The Lightning that Struck the World) is a direct descendant of that notable navigator, Hoturoa, captain of the Tainui canoe, which left Papara, Tahiti, for New Zealand, more than six centuries ago. He was accompanied to Sydney by his young cousin, Te Akonga Pihama, another close relative of the Maori king. Both chiefs are students for the Methodist Maori ministry. • * * ALTHOUGH Jack Hides, of Papua, is living the quietest of lives just now— recovering his health, nursing his new baby and writing his new book —he cannot keep out of the news. On November 14 he was driving a car over the Harbour Bridge. A lorry, loaded with long steel rails, came careering up behind him, failed to stop quickly, and the steel rails were driven through the back of Hides’s car. The rails stopped within a couple of inches of the young explorer’s head.

He may have had several narrow escapes from death, but none was much closer than this, ♦ ♦ * It/I'EASURES to give the respective countries authority to co-operate with the League of Nations, in regulating the whaling industry in the Antarctic, have been adopted by the Parliaments of Australia and New Zealand. It is all part of a slow-moving procedure to implement “an International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling,” which was drawn up by the League of Nations, and signed in 1931. Whale oil, as every planter knows, has become an important substitute for coconut oil; and the Antarctic whale oil marketed in the last ten years has increased in quantity so much that it has been definitely a factor in the disorganisation of the copra market. The whale herds of Antarctica already have been decimated, however; and, without the Convention, it was only a question of tipie before the creatures would disappear from the Southern oceans (just as they have disappeared from other oceans during the past 100 years) and the copra industry correspondingly relieved. Police action under the Convention may delay extermination; but the end of the Antarctic whale is definitely in sight. • * * EVER heard of the Cartier Islands? No —neither have I. It appears, however, that they are one of the various Pacific Territories owned or controlled by Australia. My authority is Sir Robert Garran, formerly Commonwealth Solicitor-General, who gave an address in Melbourne recently. The Cartier Islands are “half-way between Australia and Timor.”

All the map-makers I know have ignored them. • • • THE skipper of a tramp steamer, in writing up the log recording an eventful day, rounded off his task with the entry: “Mate intoxicated.” To the mate, who indignantly protested on reading it, the skipper retorted: “Well, it’s true, ain’t it?”

On the following day it was the mate’s duty to write up the log, and he completed his account with “Skipper sober.”

The captain stared at it for a moment, then exploded.

“Well, it’s true, ain’t it?” was the mate’s rejoinder.

Mr. R, Mel rose, District Officer at Salamaua, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea by the Montoro on November 7.

During the past 18 months, he said, the territory has progressed amazingly; aeroplanes have doubled, and, in the year ended June 30, the gold production increased by £400,000 over that of 1933-34.

Mr. Howard L. Clark, of the Bay Loo Company, Rabaul, who was married in N.S.W. last month to Miss Ellen Liggins, departed from Sydney for New Guinea with his wife by the Montoro on November 13. He is secretary of the Rabaul Amateur Turf Club. 11

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1 935

p. 14

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About Islands People

Rev. F. W. Noack, one of the leaders of the New Evangelical Lutheran Church in Australia, has left for New Guinea, where, with the Rev. H. Freund, he will open a mission station.

Mr. A. J. Murray, who has been a member of Messrs. Burns Philp (South Sea) Go’s staff at Apia, Western Samoa, for a number of years, arrived in Auckland by the Lurline on November 2 to spend furlough with his relatives in New Zealand.

On the completion of his leave he will join one of B.P.’s branches in Fiji.

Rev. J. Housden, 8.A., L. Th., of Darwin, has announced his engagement to Miss Moira Hennessey, assistant registrar of the Anglican Church at Thursday Island.

Mr. James Sim, of Hathorn Sound, Solomon Islands, arrived in Sydney on holidays by the Malaita on November 8.

He is Lever’s Pacific Plantations Co.’s copra inspector in the group.

Dr. Gordon Heaslip, superintendent of the Methodist Mission’s hospital at Salamo, Papua, has resigned through illhealth. He arrived in Australia from Papua by the Montoro on November 7.

Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Taylor returned to New Guinea by the Nankin in October after visiting Australia, America and the East. Mr. Taylor will shortly assume the duties of District Officer in the Morobe district.

Mr. Bridle, chief accountant of New Zealand Reparations .Estates, was married recently in New Zealand; and was accompanied by his young wife on his return to Samoa, Mr. B. C. Ballard has now settled down in Vila, New Hebrides, as “Solicitor representing Australian interests in the Condominium.” He has taken the places of Mr. Wallace, who retired from that position some time ago.

Mr. L. G. Vial, cadet in the New Guinea Public Service, left Cairns, North Queensland, for Rabaul by the Macdhui on October 29. He had been on short furlough in Australia.

Mr. J. Blaikie Webster, of London, left Brisbane for New Guinea by the Macdhui on October 26 to inspect the areas of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. of whicli he is chairman of directors.

Mr. Charles H. Sturgeon, radio-telegraphist on the staff of Amalgamated Wireless (A/sia) Ltd. at Rabaul, sailed from Sydney by the Macdhui on October 26 for New Britain.

His Honour D. S. Wanllss, Chief Judg& of the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, returned to Rabaul by the October Macdhui, after long leave spent in Victoria and New South Wales.

Mr. and Mrs. L. R. Butler, of Murray Island, Torres Strait, arrived in Sydney from Thursday Island by the Marella, on.

October 28. Mr. Butler, who has been Government superintendent, and schoolteacher on the island for a year,, has relinquished his lonely post owing to ill-health. About 500 Murray Islandersare engaged in the trocus shell and bechede-mer industries, said Mr. Butler.

Nurse H. M. Prowse, of the Methodist Mission’s Hospital at Vunairima, New Britain, arrived in Sydney, on leave, by the Montoro on October 1.

Mr. A. W. McMillan, Inspector of Indian Schools in Fiji, returned to Suva with his wife and daughter by the Mariposa in October.

Captain A. S. Fitch, managing-director of Steamships Trading Co. Ltd., Port Moresby, Papua, arrived in Sydney on a. business trip by the Macdhui on October 17.

Mr. T. Aitchison, cadet in the N.G. District Services Department, sailed for Rabaul after short leave in Australia, by the Macdhui, in October. 12 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 15

KURRAJONG Wheeny Creek Farm Forty-five miles from Sydney Superior modem accommodation, abundance of cream, eggs, and poultry. S acres orchard. Tennis, etc.

Tariff: Double, £2/2/- each; Single, £2/10/- ’Phone: Kurra jong 42 Proprietor: A. J. SAMSON Formerly New Guinea Public Service Darling Point. Sydney

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Room (fcily Rate, 5/- per day. Meals a la carte. Accommodation for 100 guests. One minute from G.P.O. 127 P ” ILLIP ST. Tel.: BW 27M Next door to Martin Place Sydney Right Rev. Walter Hubert Baddeley, M.A., D. 5.0., M.C., who has been Bishop of Melanesia since 1932, was married in South Australia to Miss M. K.

Thomas, younger daughter of the Bishop of Adelaide (Right. Rev. A. Nutter Thomas), on November 13. The couple left for London by the Orsova the following day. At the request of the English committee of the Melanesian Mission, Bishop Baddeley will carry out three months’ propaganda work in England in connection with the work the Mission hopes to undertake among the uncivilised tribes in Central New Guinea. The Mission plans to raise £5,000 as an initial sum to commence work in the Mount Hagen region next year. The Bishop and his bride will return to the Solomon Islands in May.

Major Clive B. Joske, 0.8. E., M.C., of Suva, Fiji, arrived in Sydney at the end of October. He left immediately for Leura, on the Blue Mountains, N.S.W., where his mother was seriously ill.

Mr. Zane Grey, a prominent American author, who is well-known in Polynesia, for his big-game fishing exploits, is to visit Australia in January next, according to information received by the Shell Company. Though he will call at several Pacific Islands ports en route to Sydney, it is unlikely that he will have sufficient time to indulge in his beloved pelagic sport in South Seas waters.

Miss Esther Williams, 8.A., Dip. Ed., departed from Sydney for Suva, Fiji, by the Mariposa on October 16, after two months’ furlough in Australia. She is a member of the Methodist Mission’s staff working among the Indians at Lautoka.

Sir Maynard and Lady Hedstrom, accompanied by Mr. Keith Hedstrom, arrived in Suva by the Mariposa on October 25, after a visit to Victoria.

Rev. E. G. Harris, 8.A., Methodist minister of Vavau, Tonga, arrived in Melbourne by the Mariposa on October 11, on his first furlough in eight years.

Mr. Frank Hambridge, prominent Sydney mining man, left for Papua by the October Macdhui. He is managing director of Cuthbert’s Misima Gold Mine Ltd., the new company which recently took over the Umuna mine on Misima Island, where he will spend several weeks inspecting the property.

Mr. W. J. Keith, who has been associated with the merchandising department of Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., Sydney, for the past 18 years, has been transferred to Rabaul, New Britain. He left for the Mandated Territory by the Macdhui on October 24.

Mr. J. J. Griffiths, manager of the Grand Pacific Hotel, Suva, left Fiji for New Zealand on holidays by the Monowai on October 25. Mr. A. G. Taylor, who arrived in Suva by the October Niagara, is at present acting as manager,

(Continued Overleaf)

Right Rev. W. H. Baddeley. 13

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

About Inlands People

p. 16

GREETINGS!

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Mr. M. J. H ealy, of the Papuan Magisterial Service, who arrived in Sydney with his wife early in August, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui on October 24.

Miss Ethel Slade, of the New Guinea Mission at Dogura, Papua, is at present in Sydney on furlough.

Mr. E. A. Feldt, District Officer, returned to New Guinea from Brisbane by the Macdhui on October 26.

Dr. Kervingant, who recently arrived in New Caledonia, has replaced Dr. Passerieux at the Government Hospital, Noumea. Dr. Passerieux returned to France, via Indo-China, by the La Perouse on October 21.

Dr. Agnes Hoeger, an American, has joined th© medical staff of the Lutheran Mission in New Guinea. She has been engaged for a term of seven years and will be stationed at Amele, Madang District.

Miss Ada N. Lade, who was principal for 11 years of the Methodist Mission’s Avoka Girls’. High School, Western Samoa, died, after a protracted illness, on October 6.

Rev. W. Milne, of the Presbyterian Mission in New Hebrides, reached Sydney by the Morinda on November 12. With his wife, who assists him in his work at Nguna Island, he will shortly leave for New Zealand. Mr. Milne was born at Nguna and has followed in the footsteps of his father, who was also a missionary there. Having been educated in the Dominion, he is returning to renew youthful associations.

Colonel A. T. Watson, London mining engineer, left Sydney for the New Guinea goldfields by the Montoro on November 13. He will later join the Neptuna for Manila and go on to England via Singapore.

Rev. T. Macmillan, Presbyterian missionary at Tanna Island, New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney with his wife by the Morinda on November 12. He has just retired after 40 years’ work in the group, and intends to settle in Melbourne.

Mr. Clyde Taylor, constructional engineer of Bulolo Gold Dredging Co., who* recently returned to Australia from furlough in America, departed for Wau, via Port Moresby, by the Montoro on November 13.

Mr. and Mrs. Claude T. Drane arrivedin Sydney from New Guinea by the Nankin on October 23. Mr. Drane is a member of the Vacuum Oil Co.’s staff at Rabaul.

Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Hill, of Vila, New Hebrides, arrived in Australia by the- Van Rees on November 12. Mr. Hill is treasurer of the Condominium Government.

Mr. C. Thomas, of the Sydney Steel Co. Ltd., of Marrickville, N.S.W., left.

Sydney for the Mandated Territory by the Montoro in mid-November, He will supervise the erection of new stores and. offices for Guinea Airways Limited and a new hangar for Holden’s Air Transport Service Ltd. at Salamaua.

Mr. Henry Dexter left Samarai, Papua, within a fortnight after his arrival there and returned to England by the Mooltan, which sailed from Sydney in mid-November. Mr. Dexter had intended to settledown in Samarai and resume trading, and he brought out with him, for that purpose, a large quantity of goods. Radiograms had reached him before he actually arrived in Samarai, however, conveying information which made it imperative for him to return to London to attend to family matters. Mr. Dexter, accordingly,, sold his goods to one of the stores in Samarai and caught the south-bound.

Montoro, Mr. C. V. T. Wells, of Adelaide, chairman of Guinea Gold N.L., and of Guinea Airways Ltd., left Sydney in mid- November to visit Papua and New Guinea. It is expected that, while in Papua, he will visit the Lakekamu district, where an extensive investigation of gold-bearing country is being carried out by Guinea Gold N.L.

Mr. G. R. Thomas, New South Wales- Director of Education, returned to Australia by the Morinda on November 12,. from Norfolk Island, where he inspected! the Government school, which works according to the N.S.W. syllabus.

Mr. and Mrs. D. R. Irvine, of Gili Gili! plantation, Samarai, departed from Sydney for Papua by the November Montoro.. 14 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 17

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Tragic Death In T.N.G

Misleading and Inaccurate Report Letter to the Editor AN article in your September, 1935, issue headed “Crime On Goldfields,” from a “Special Correspondent,” is so recklessly inaccurate, and so calculated to mislead readers, besides inflicting—mischievously —pain on some people concerned, that I feel constrained to write you, pointing out the extent and character of these glaring misstatements.

These may be due to extreme zeal without due care and thought on the part of the “Special Correspondent,” or may be attributable to the “journalese” spirit that at times disregards mere truth. Bacon says of Pilate: “What is truth —said jesting Pilate—and would not stay for answer.” I do think that your own responsibility for statements made by your “Special Correspondent” is well recognised in the realms of law.

Let me deal shortly with the misstatements —which are better described as wilful perversions of fact.

Para. 1: “One of the most startling crimes, etc.” did not in fact occur (as your correspondent would have people believe) “on the verandah of the Bulolo Hotel” —it occurred (vide reports—official and Coroner’s inquest) at Wilde’s Sawmill, some two miles or more from Wau. The actual minutiae —the details of time and circumstance—cannot be stated with exactitude, but surmised for the most part. There were not 12 persons present; i.e., the crime did not occur “in front of a dozen people” as your painstaking correspondent states.

Para. 2: The police evidence points to a shotgun as having been used—not a revolver, as your correspondent blithely misstates, and the action did not occur on the verandah of the hotel. Mrs. Henderson did not die “in a few minutes,” but expired some 20 or more hours after the tragedy, in the Wau Hospital.

Para. 3: News of the tragedy certainly spread—as it would in a small community —quickly; but none of the reputable citizens noticed any incursion of scandalmongers or those driven by prurient curiosity into Wau from the Watut or elsewhere, as a direct result of the unfortunate occurrence, Para. 4: Evidently concerns some private vendetta of your estimable correspondent—for the meaning is too obscure and anonymous.

Para. 5; There were 3 cases tried at Wau—the charges being for breaches of the Gold Buyers’ Ordinance, and for receiving. One man received a sentence of 2 years, a second man 3 years, and the third 1| years on 1 charge and 3 years on another charge, the sentences being made concurrent.

Para. 6: This calls for no special mention.

Mr. W. Hockey—one of the principals in the tragedy—was not a resident of Merri Creek, but a sawmiller in the employ of C. L. B. Wilde; and the tragedy occurred in the late Mr. Hockey’s house at the sawmill, and apparently without witnesses.

I do not desire to labour the points too greatly. Suffice it to say that 1 demand space for this letter of “correction” lest the apparently wilful—even malicious— report of your correspondent go unchallenged. I will not stress the obvious, for your “Special Correspondent,” keenly anxious to achieve sensationalism and possibly to vent some personal rancour, 15

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1 933

p. 18

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ELVY A CO. LTD. 397 George Street, Sydney. 'Phone: M 2319. bids fair to involve your publication in serious trouble.

I would suggest that you seek some confirmation of his or her reports in the future; for the article to which I now take such serious exception can be contradicted almost in every line by the official reports with which it is at variance.

I am, etc., Wau, T.N.G., F. S. STEWART (Mrs.) Oct. 28, 1935.

Editorial Note

We can do no more, unfortunately, than give publicity to the above correction, and to express to our readers and to Mrs.

Stewart (who is proprietress of the Bulolo Hotel, Wau, and a relation of the late Mrs.

Henderson) our sincere regret that we published so inaccurate and distorted a report of the tragedy. We try conscientiously to maintain accuracy and fairness in the columns of this journal;, but occasionally we err.

In the case under notice, we accepted the report from a source which we believed could be depended upon for fairness and accuracy, and we published it in good faith. —Ed., P.I.M.

Regret in Papua Letter to the Editor.

T FEEL, as an old resident of Papua, -*■ that I must write in indignation about the reference to Mrs. Henderson’s tragic end, in your September issue, by your Special Correspondent at Wau.

Mrs. Henderson had very many friends in this Territory—friends whom she had helped in their times of need. I could quote numbers of cases where men, down and out, were assisted by her—fed, housed and clothed, when they hadn’t a bean to their names; and she assisted them with such good grace, and with such kindness and consideration, that her memory will always live in their minds with gratitude and good feeling.

It came as a great shock to see an account of her tragic end, depicted not only incorrectly, but in such a sensational and malicious manner in your paper, when we were all grieved over the news of her death.

In writing this, I feel sure lam endorsing the sentiments of her many friends in Papua.

I am, etc., Pt. Moresby, OLD MINER.

Oct. 31, 1935.

Methodist Church Faces Crisis in Fiji TTNLESS £6OOO is contributed by Methodist churchgoers in Australia before November 30, the Methodist Overseas Mission will be compelled to make drastic reductions in its Fiji staff, declared prominent churchmen who took part in the Centenary Cruise to Fiji, on their return to Melbourne on October 25.

Under the chairmanship of Rev. A. J.

Barclay (President-General of the Australian Methodist Church), a committee met in Suva after the Centenary celebrations to consider the position in the light of first-hand knowledge gained during their visit to the group. As a result of the meeting the following cable was sent to Methodist churches in Australia : “Deeply impressed with the work the Church is doing in Fiji, the committee views with grave apprehension the possibility of a withdrawal of European missionaries, and urges the home church to support to the utmost the appeal for needed funds to prevent threatened retrenchment.”

Formerly of Fiji, Rev. A. Wesley Amos (Victorian secretary of the Overseas Mission), who took part in the Katoomba cruise, stated that unless at least the additional £6OOO was forthcoming, it would be necessary to withdraw seven missionaries. This would mean the temporary closing of several missionary institutions.

Members of the Mission board, he said, were much impressed with the vitality of the Methodist Church in Fiji. Several new church proposals and plans for the extension of others were under consideration to meet the growing needs of the Fijian Christians.

“I noticed a remarkable development in both the religious and commercial sides of the work in Fiji since I last visited it,” he remarked. “Those who took part in the cruise were greatly pleased with the , attractive personalities of the Fijian natives, and the urgent need to continue the church’s work among them on an effective basis.”

Electricity For

SALAMAUA THE little town of Salamaua, the port of the New Guinea goldfield, is to have an electric light supply, Messrs. R. A.

Laws and F. H. Daulton have applied to the Administrator for formal permission to supply light and power. Current will be A.C. —lighting on 240 volts, and power on 415 volts. 16 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 19

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 20

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MEMORY OF 70 YEARS AGO Launching of “John Williams No. 2” (Written for “Pacific Islands Monthly” by William F. Wilson, P.O. Box 3235, Honolulu, Hawaii.) IN your August issue, in an article headed “Rescued by Bully Hayes—A Long-forgotten Story of Suwarrow Island,” it is stated that Captain Hayes came along in his brig, the Rona, laden down with the fittings and stores taken from the wreck of the L.M.S. vessel “John Williams No. 2,” which had gone ashore on Niue or Savage Island, and which had been bought by Bully Hayes.

This leads me to say something about this same “John Williams No. 2.”

The first vessel of that name had been wrecked on Pukapuka (or Danger) Island.

W r ith the insurance money, together with the pennies subscribed by Sunday school children throughout the United Kingdom, and in addition £250 received from Samoa (the proceeds of coconut oil), an order was given to Messrs. Hall, the wellknown Aberdeen shipbuilders, to go ahead with the construction of a new vessel.

When the day of the launch arrived, October 5,1865 —0 r exactly seventy years from the date on which I write —over six thousand school children, including the present writer and his brother, were drawn up in ranks opposite the shipyard, near the Aberdeen dock gates. When the ship slid into the water, fully masted and rigged, the assembled multitude of children struck up the familiar hymn, “When Mothers of Salem Their Children Brought to Jesus.”

After the launch, five hundred adults were entertained at a luncheon by Messrs.

Hall, the shipbuilders. Those present included George Thompson, founder and owner of the Aberdeen line of sailing ships, trading between London and Sydney, and now changed to steamers, plying the same route; J. T. Rennie, founder and owner of the Natal line; the four brothers Duthie, shipowners and builders, long known in the China tea and Sydney wool-carrying business (one of the last of their vessels being the Port Jackson, sold, I think, to either the City of Sydney or to New South Wales as a reformatory or training ship and anchored in Sydney harbour); and Walter Hood, builder of the Thermopylae, on board of which I have been.

After being fully fitted out, the “John Williams No. 2” was taken round to the Thames, and thrown open to the admiring gaze of the many young Cockneys who had put up their mites to help to build the ship.

It is related that one gang of boys, after making a critical inspection of the vessel, wound up in the saloon, where they began to clamber over and soil the lovely scarlet plush settees and cushions —the dernier cri in ship’s decorations in those days. One of the officers came along and, seeing what was going on, ordered the youngsters to cease their pranks and to make themselves scarce.

One of the juveniles looked up with an astonished air and said: “Why, the man must be crazy. He’s ordering us about in our own shipl”

In due course, the “John Williams No. 2” found its way to Sydney, touching en route at Melbourne for show-off purposes. Sailing from Sydney with missionary supplies, it went ashore on the island of Aneityum, New Hebrides, but was got off and taken back to Sydney for reconditioning. It sailed again with missionaries for various stations in the South Seas, one of the reverend gentlemen being James Chalmers (“Tamate”), bound for Rarotonga, and afterward favourably known to R.L.S. He, as is well known, was murdered by savages in Papua.

Bad luck pursued the “John Williams No. 2,” for she drifted ashore in a calm, on to the rocks of Niue (or Savage Island) and stuck fast there. Bully Hayes came along in his brig, the Rona, and bought the wreck-hulk and stores; and it was after he had stripped the vessel of all its fittings and stores that he sailed off, with the rescued missionaries and crew, for Tahiti, Rarotonga and Samoa.

It was on this occasion that Bully Hayes called at Suwarrow Island, as mentioned in the Pacific Islands Monthly.

The bell of the “John Williams No. 2” was recovered and is now, or was until recently, in the possession of Mr. Ernest B. Vaile, of Auckland, The “John Williams No. 5” is now going its rounds to the various missionary stations kept up by the London Missionary Society. But, although the present writer has travelled a good deal in the South Seas, and was in Sydney in 1879, when the Exhibition was on, he has never chanced (outside being present at the launch of the “John Williams No. 2” on October 5, 1865) to meet any of the L.M.S. “John Williams.” 18

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 21

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Westbrook was a traveller and trader In the Pacific —more especially in the Gentral Pacific —and those 13 years were packed full of colourful adventure. After he arrived in Samoa in 1891, Mr. Westbrook settled down to a less adventurous life; but he always has been more or less in the centre of events, .and as a keen observer and an industrious recorder, he has justly earned a reputation as a notable writer on Pacific subjects.

Long ago, Mr. Westbrook should have written and published books dealing with his earlier adventures; but it is never too late, and now an American publisher has taken one of his manuscripts, and his first book, “Gods That Die,” will be published in the United Kingdom on November 25. It is the story of his first 13 years in the Pacific. His innumerable friends will wish him all possible success with the book.

The veteran is now at work on a second book, which mostly tells about the Samoa he has known during his residence there of 45 years. It is to be hoped that Mr.

Westbrook will not allow his naturally strong political feelings to too sharply colour or overshadow what should be a really good story. Mr. Westbrook was a bitter (and as it turned out a well justified) critic of New Zealand in the protracted dispute between the New Zealand Administration and the Mau, and in consequence he was officially classed as a firebrand. The heavy-footed military gentlemen, whom New Zealand sent to govern Samoa, did not understand the Samoans, and they quarrelled haughtily with men like Mr. Westbrook, who does thoroughly appreciate the qualities of the natives and their traditional points of view. If those administrators only had taken more notice of the Westbrooks of Samoa, New Zealand’s record in connection with this mandated territory would have been less discreditable.

Naturally, Mr. Westbrook feels very strongly about Samoan politics; but it would be a mistake to let that feeling prejudice a book that should tell a colourful story of a fa scinating country and which, moreover, should have value as a contribution to history.

Drastic Mining Law in Fiji Effort to Curb Unhealthy Speculation THE Governor of Fiji is determined to make an effort to check the wild speculation in Fiji shares, which has done so much to prejudice the proper establishment of the gold industry.

A Mining Bill has been introduced to the Fiji Legislative Council, which proposes to make a new law that any company which proposes to undertake goldmining in Fiji, and to sell shares to the public, must first submit its prospectus to the Governor, and obtain his formal approval of same.

It appears, on the face of it, to be a very drastic law; but the atmosphere In which Fiji gold companies are being promoted in Australia is such that it has caused the Government much concern, and extraordinary measures are considered to be necessary.

Mr. G. E. L. Westbrook. 19

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 22

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“Blackbirders” and Their Crimes Valuable Contribution To History IT is estimated that, during the “blackbirding” period in the South Seas— from 1855 to 1904, a matter of 50 years— about 100,000 natives of the Pacific Islands were taken from their homes and carried off to work on plantations in Australia, Fiji and South America. The majority of them never returned.

The horrible story is told by that very competent historian, Mr. Thomas Dunbabin (editor of Sydney Sun), in a new book, “Slavers of the South Seas.” The following is from the Melbourne Herald’s review.

The first Kanaka labourers were brought to Australia in 1847 by Benjamin Boyd, of Twofold Bay, to act as shepherds. The experiment was a failure and the trade languished until the outbreak of the Civil War in America, which, because of the Northern blockade, put a premium on cotton. Many plantations were started in Queensland, and the demand for native labour grew steadily.

By the time the short-lived cotton boom had passed, sugar-growing had taken place and the need for labourers increased still further. During the fifty odd years that the “trade” ran its infamous course, 60,000 Kanakas were brought to Australia, alone. Thousands of others were shipped to Fiji, and hundreds, captured by Peruvian slavers, died jn the guano islands off the coast of South America. The Queensland slave-trade alone almost depopulated whole islands in the New Hebrides and Solomon groups.

Ever since white men sailed in Southern waters, there had been a certain amount of blackbirding—chiefly of native women, by sealers and whalers. But it was not until the convict system (virtually a slave system) ended and the sugar plantations in the north put a premium on cheaplabour, that the trade reached its heyday.

It attracted the scum of the earth, men so devoid of morality and humanity that they more than challenge comparison with their African compeers. Many of them were arrested, tried and sentenced to terms of imprisonment for their brutalities, but many escaped sentence on legal technicalities, thanks to the efforts of interested parties, although the conscience of the Colony as a whole was opposed tothe trade.

In the early days, while the blackbirders had the advantage of firearms over spears and arrows, the odds were in their favour. Later on, as the natives became possessed of guns, things became more even. The Melanesians of the Western Pacific, the best material for slaves, were no easy victims.

“These savages fought back fiercely,” writes Mr. Dunbabin. “The sandalwooders of an earlier day had bought their scented wood with blood, and the blackbirders lost boat’s crew after boat’s crew in their voyages. Many a blackbirding vessel was cut off by islanders, who massacred all on board. The number of white men killed in the Western islands in the blackbirding days runs intohundreds. Many of them deserved their death; some, like Bishop Patteson, died to expiate the sins of others.”

Pieced together from stray bits gathered from official reports, stories in old newspapers, the writings of naval officers, of missionaries and traders, the book is not only a tribute to the author’s industry, but also to the skill with which he has woven a complete picture from such scattered material, it is far above the average novel in intensity of its interest, drama, and tales of courage and endurance in the face of treachery and death.

The Palolo

Feasting in Samoan Islands From Our Own Correspondent APIA, October 27.

THE palolo—the mystery creature of the coral reefs —appeared as usual this year, strictly according- to schedule, on October 19. The native Samoans were all ready and waiting for their favourite delicacy and, when the moon indicated that the moment' had come, the natives went to the reefs and gathered large quantities of the marine worm, and there was much feasting. The occasion was not confined to the Samoans—many Europeans appreciate this delicacy of the South Seas, and palolo, for a day or two, appeared on many formal tables in Upolu and Savaii.

Mr. A. H. Gauld, Burns, Philp and Co.’s plantation inspector, was a passenger for New Guinea by the October Montoro. 20 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 23

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Cakabau Memorial Church At Bau, Fiji

Fatal Road Accident In

SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, October 27.

UNUSUAL circumstances attended a fatal traffic accident here on September 21.

The Coroner was told by various Samoan witnesses that an old Fijian plantation labourer, Samu, was riding in the centre of Papaseea Road, towards Apia, when a car, driven by Mr. K. Meyer, came swiftly around a bend. The horse was thrown back, and Samu was carried along for some distance on the bonnet of the car.

Witnesses said that the car drove on.

Samu, badly injured, was rushed to hospital, but died. The horse had both forelegs broken, and was shot.

Meyer said that he stopped his car about 40 yards after the collision; but, as he could not see anyone on the road, he went on to his plantation. Then, finding that his car was damaged, he telephoned the police that he had struck a horse on the road, A constable said that the car was considerably damaged and showed many traces of the collision.

Judge Luxford gave a verdict in accordance with the evidence. Kurt Meyer was thereupon charged with manslaughter.

In the trial before Judge Luxford and four assessors, the Samoan witnesses gave evidence different in important respects from the evidence given at the inquest.

They admitted that they had discussed the matter with others and had been influenced by talk that they had heard.

For this reason the defence claimed that there was no case. Judge and assessors accepted this argument and accused was discharged.

Mr. Meyer is one of the pioneer cocoa planters of Samoa, and is prominent in social and sporting activities.

Mr. C. E. Pennefather, District Commissioner of Fiji, departed from Sydney for Suva by the Mariposa on October 16.

Captain Percy James Roberson, formerly manager of the British Phosphate Commission in Central Pacific, died at North Sydney, N.S.W., on October 29.

Coming to Australia from England in 1900, he joined the E. and A, Line in charge of vessels running between Australia and the East. Thirty years ago he went to Ocean Island as Harbour Master for the British Phosphate Commission and later became manager at Nauru. In 1930 Captain Roberson retired and had since lived in Sydney.

The Cakabau Memorial Church at Bau, Fiji, where 40 Methodist visitors from Australia took part in a commemorative service in connection with the Cross and Cargill Centenary on October 17. A memorial to Epenisa Seru Cakabau was unveiled by Lady Scott, of Suva.

After the service 500 Fijian children gave a tableau display in front of the Church, illustrating the change from cannibalism to Christianity during 100 years of mission effort.

On the hill in the centre of the photograph is the Methodist Mission buildings and at left the Girls' School. In front of the Memorial Church, where once their ancestors pranced in warlike frenzy, is the mission boys’ cricket pitch.

Photo, by Rev. J. W. Burton. 21

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 24

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Samoan Europeans

Method of Electing The Council From Our Own Correspondent APIA, October 26.

THE triennial election of two members of the Legislative Council of Western Samoa takes place on November 1. The retiring members, Messrs. I. H. Carruthers and A. R. Cobcroft, have again presented themselves as candidates and are being opposed by two new candidates, i.e., Mr. A. J. Smyth and Dr.

C. M. Dawson, both of whom are old residents and well and favourably known.

Mr. Smyth is general manager and a director of Messrs. O. F. Nelson and Co.

Ltd. Dr. Dawson is the only private medical practitioner here.

The voters are Europeans with property worth at least £2OO or an income of at least £2OO annually. The European population is officially given as 3,000 (600 European and 2,400 of European-Samoan blood) and there are 134 registered voters (84 Europeans and 50 of mixed blood).

Europeans here are of opinion that the existing electoral law should be altered and every adult European who pays the personal tax of 25/- per year should be given the right to vote. The present system is not a true representation of the European residents of the territory.

European And Samoan Status

According to the official gazette, seven part-Samoan families, comprising 29 individuals, have, in accordance with the new Samoan Status Ordinance, 1934, relinquished European status and reverted to Samoan status. There probably will be many more cases of the kind in the near future.

Mr. Higgs, inspector for the well-known Island firm of Carpenters, and Mr. Hawthorn, of the same firm, arrived in Apia in October by the Carrisso on their way from Rotuma Island. They continued the voyage to Suva by Matson liner from Pago Pago. Both gentlemen made many friends during their short stay in Apia, says our Apia correspondent.

Mr. Emil Oldekaver, an old resident of Tonga and Samoa, died on October 18, at Apia Hospital, aged 75, after a long illness.

He was a well-known trader in the Islands.

Natives As Medical

PRACTITIONERS Remarkable Work of Suva Training School SELDOM has there come to my hand a more interesting document than Native Medical Practitioner, which is the periodical journal of the Central Medical School of Suva, Fiji. It is edited by Dr, T. Clunie, Medical Superintendent of the- War Memorial Hospital, Suva, and D. C. M. MacPherson, who is Dr. assistant.

This journal must be quite unique; because, in it, there are articles written, in excellent English by native Fijians, Tongans, Samoans, Cook Islanders and Solomon Islanders, who have been trained in medicine and surgery at the Suva institution, and who now are practising among their own people in theirseveral islands.

This is indeed a remarkable indication of what is happening in the Pacific Islands. Here are men whose grandfathersor great-grandfathers were “untutored savages,” and they have been proved not only capable of acquiring the simpler knowledge of medicine and surgery, but also able to use that knowledge in a practical way and to describe their performances and experiences in quite good English, for the assistance of their fellow practitioners.

In the journal before me (September,. 1935) there are the following articles: “Infant Feeding in Native Villages,” in which a Samoan N.M.P. (Native Medical Practitioner) discusses the problem or preparing suitable native foods for young children; “Dysentery Epidemics in Ra,” in which a Fijian N.M.P. tells how he dealt with a serious outbreak of sickness and describes how serums and disinfectants were used and bacteriological examinations carried out; “A Few Experiences,” in which a Solomon Islands N.M.P. discusses various conditions met with during his practice in the Shortlands Group, Solomon Islands; “Four Skull Fracture Operations,” in which a Samoan N.M.P. describes his method of dealing with fractures; “Poison Fish,” in which a Fijian N.M.P, describes methods of treatment; and there are numerous other articles and notes contributed by the native medical practitioners.

No doubt the editors, who are noted for their enthusiasm in this work, have assisted the N.M.P’s. in the preparation of this material; but the articles indicate a standard of medical knowledge, technical skill and literary ability which is truly astonishing to those who do not realise the speed with which the natives of the South Sea Islands are acquiring European culture. —R.W.R.

The Roman Catholic Bishop of the Solomon Islands, the Rev. J. M. Aubin, who was consecrated by the Archbishop of Wellington, on October 20, at the Wellington Cathedral, arrived in Sydney on November 5. Prior to his elevation to the Bishopric, the new Bishop had served in the Solomons as a priest for 28 years. He is a native of Brittany, France.

Travelling with Bishop Aubin is Rev.

Father D. Coicaud, who has been in the Solomons for 20 years. They spent a week in Sydney before returning home.

Mr. W. N. Phillpott, of Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., Rabaul, New Guinea, was married in Australia to Miss Gwen Newbury on October 16. 22 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 25

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 26

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Samoans are Cutting Copra From Our Own Correspondent APIA, October 22.

THERE is an inclination here to bless the war in Abyssinia; for copra is rising, and is expected to go higher.

Glycerine, used in the manufacture of explosives, is a component of copra and therefore needed for the conduct of war.

Copra rose during the Great War to £43 per ton, resulting in unparalleled prosperity for copra-producing countries.

In expectation of higher prices, natives and Europeans alike are cutting large quantities of copra. Small buyers are competing against the big firms, and native producers are benefiting by this keen competition. The weather is splendid for the cutting of copra, and all over the islands the natives are energetically at work.

A good cocoa crop is being picked and planters hope that, corresponding with the general upward movement of prices of raw materials, the cocoa price will also improve.

Prospects for bananas are also good, and the Inspector of Produce hopes to get full shipments of good-quality fruit during the coming months. Though the Inspector of Produce is an efficient and experienced official, banana shipments have not been delivered as smoothly as is desirable. Growers are urging the Administration to create an Advisory Board of European and native growers to advise and to work in conjunction with the Inspector and at the same time represent the interests of the producers.

Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Street arrived in Sydney from Rabaul, New Guinea, by the Nankin on October 23. Mr. Street is Registrar-General of the Supreme Court in New Guinea, and during his absence Mr.

I. Shoobridge, of the Crown Law Office, will be Acting Registrar-General.

Day Dawn’s Financial Troubles Proposal to Wind Up JTAVING been unsuccessful in raising A additional capital, the directors of Day Dawn (New Guinea), Ltd;, propose that the company be wound up. The directors report that large sums are owing for machinery, stores, and carriage, and action has been taken against the company by several ®f the largest creditors. The company owns plant and stores at the mine at Edie Creek, and creditors should eventually be paid in full. They believe that the company’s affairs would be controlled more efficiently by a liquidator with authority to form a new company of, say. 40,000 shares' of 10/- each to purchase for £ 10,000 the assets of the ■ old company. The liquidator would then be able to discharge creditors’ claims and pay a small dividend to shareholders.

The new company, subject to arrangements for the supply of power, could begin cyaniding the tailings dump, estimated to contain 35,000 tons of assay value of 4dwt per ton gold, from which a profit of not less than £1 per ton would be expected. The mine has not been tested at depth, they add, and boring operations would be advisable.

The “Explanation”

Why Canberra Did Not Visit Rabaul From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, Nov. 2.

IN the Australian newspapers recently the Minister for Defence made the following statement from Canberra, explaining, in part, the reason for the flagship Canberra not visiting Rabaul, as originally intended when the Fleet departed on the Spring cruise in August: “Both the Canberra and the Sussex,” said the Minister, “had been sent to Darwin instead of Rabaul as previously planned, partly because of a shortage of meat and other food supplies at Rabaul, as a result of a recent interruption of shipping services. The residents of Rabaul had protested to the Minister for External Affairs (Sir George Pearce), who visited the Territory recently, against the proposed naval visit, because it would require all the available refrigerator space and deprive local people of supplies."

Considerable indignation is felt by a number of local residents at the foregoing remarks of Mr. Parkhill, more especially in view of the fact that it is a statement quite contrary to truth. No representation whatsoever was made to Sir George Pearce during his visit regarding this matter, for the simple reason that there was no occasion for such a request to be made, or any fear of a shortage of supplies. Ample provision had been made by the shipping company to meet the added requirements of the naval unit.

For several years, Rabaul residents have anxiously awaited a visit from an Australian warship; especially as during the last few years war vessels from Germany, Japan and France have paid official visits to the port. The last call made by an Australian warship was in 1930. 24 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 27

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Venetian Glass in Mur ano Museum . green with detail in cream <Sc gold K 8998 A Plea for Better Regulation of Mission Activities in New Guinea ON several occasions the suggestion has been made, when missionary activities have caused denominational friction in outlying districts of New Guinea, that each missionary denomination be allotted a separate sphere of activity in which to carry on its work. This would obviate the “‘overlapping” which causes such keen competition among native mission teachers —to an extent, sometimes, that embarrassing situations are created for the Europeans in charge.

The system was introduced in Papua years ago, and operated most successfully —until one sect disregarded the restrictions in certain areas.

The reason given in official circles for the non-introduction of the system in New Guinea is the “freedom of conscience” clause in the Terms of Mandate, which reads: Subject to the provisions of any local law for the maintenance of public order and public morals, the mandatory shall ensure in the Territory freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, and shall allow all missionaries, nationals of any State Member of the League of Nations, to enter into, travel and reside in the Territory for the purpose of prosecuting their calling.

There has been more than one occasion when the unchecked activities of missionaries has resulted in breaches of public order; and yet no action of a disciplinary nature has been taken because the “freedom of conscience” bogey has been interpreted by officialdom as giving all religious bodies carte blanche—notwithstanding the stipulation in the “Terms” that the “freedom” is subject to the maintenance of public order and public morals, and that those missionaries permitted to prosecute their calling shall be nationals of any State Member of the League. Exactly how this affects nationals who are not State Members of the League—Germans and Americans to wit—has never been indicated.

That the Permanent Mandates Commission has a suspicion that all is not quite well where mission activities are concerned in New Guinea is indicated by the report of the Commission’s Twenty-Seventh Session, when New Guinea’s 1933-34 report came up for discussion.

M. Palacios was anxious to know whether the Administration “exercised effective control over the methods and activities of the various missionary societies, particularly in their first contacts with the native populations.” He also asked “whether any steps had been taken to allocate to the various missions spheres of activity in the recently discovered districts or elsewhere, or if they all worked in the same regions.”

The reply to this question was that the Administration had no policy of allocation of areas to missions.

Finally M. Orts thought it useful to recall that the question of the interpretation of the “freedom of conscience” clause in the various mandates had already been raised by the accredited representatives of another mandatory Power. The Mandates Commission had concluded that the first duty of the Mandatory Power was to maintain public order.

Within that framework, it should maintain freedom of conscience, but freedom of conscience must not be allowed to interfere with the maintenance of public order. Of course, every administration should avoid any act prejudicial to any given sect or to evangelisation in general. He presumed that, in their economic activities, the missions were subject to the ordinary law of the land.

The reply to the last question was in the affirmative.

This announcement by M. Orts should give the New Guinea Administration a definite lead for action in the event of future incidents arising, where sectarian enthusiasm creates unrest or open violence among native people.

Any government is naturally averse to censuring any particular denomination lest, it be thought partial in its religious views. But the “freedom of conscience” clause has allowed the Administration to deftly avoid action where action has been called for. In all other matters native welfare has been a paramount consideration. There is no reason now why the Administration should not take steps to prevent religious confusion among primitive natives.

Reports have repeatedly been received of “fanaticism” amongst natives. Aitape, Morobe, Buka and Namatanai districts have all suffered from waves of mistaken 25

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 28

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Cables: Bedsteads, Sydney. Codes: Bentley’s and Private. enthusiasm; and in each one there has been a connecting link with religious teachings. In Aitape, a native assumed the role of a new Messiah. In the more recent Buka mania, the prophecy was that a great earthquake would occur and the dead would rise again when a certain church dignity returned from overseas; ships would bring food and ammunition and the white race would pass away.

The white man can understand the differences between the spiritual and the material: but the native is feverishly swayed by the fervent exhortations of his teacher, who, in an effort to adequately impress his congregation, uses figurative illustrations, which are accepted by his listeners as literal prophecies. The keener the denominational competition in native villages, the more fervent are the exhortations and the more realistic the illustrations.

The white missionary usually is ignorant of the prophecies and parables delivered by his teachers. Nevertheless, he is held responsible. Fortunately, the experienced resident realises how difficult it is to inculcate in the native mind a correct appreciation of verbal values — whether it be the cook-boy putting salt in the morning porridge, or the missionteacher exhorting his flock in the face of an opposition sect.

To explain the tenets of rival denominations to a native congregation is an almost impossible task. How can the native mind differentiate between church dogma?

One might as well ask an illiterate European to explain the advantages of Buddhism over Shintoism or Mohammedanism.

Nothing is more confusing to the native mind than to be assailed by a multiplicity of methods of receiving the Christian religion. In the natives’ present primitive state the fundamental principle of Christianity is the only thing that matters.

The intricacies of denominational doctrines should not be thrust upon them at a time when they are trying to understand the essential differences between paganism and Christianity.

It surely is in the interests of the natives that there be no overlapping of sects, and no confusing competition between the religious denominations. In other words, why not apply the system that worked so well in Papua?

GORDON THOMAS.

Mr. J. B. de Faur, Victorian mining engineer, left Sydney for Madang, New Guinea, by the Montoro in October. He will carry out preliminary boring and testing operations on the Gum River area, near Madang, on behalf of Gum River Development N.D., which was recently formed in Melbourne.

All-Round Fiji Athlete

MR. J. ANTHONY MOORE, well known in Fiji as an all-round athlete, is Fijiborn, and was educated at St. Felix College, Suva. He has won many prizes and trophies in athletic competitions. He first attained prominence when he played with the All-Fiji Rugby team against the New Zealand ’Varsity team in 1926 and 1928.

In 1930, when the N.Z. ’Varsity team visited Fiji for the third time, Fiji’s team was captained by Tony Moore, and won two out of the three matches.

The young man also took a leading part in cricket and athletics.

He won the athletic championship of St.

Felix College in 1926, and the athletic championship of the Fiji Defence Force in 1929. He won the 100 yards open championship of Fiji four years in succession— -1932, 1933, 1934 and 1935.

In addition, Tony Moore is a fine hockey player and was in the team which represented Fiji against the New Zealand ’Varsity hockey team in August, 1935.

Norfolk Island’S Trade

Mr. J. A. Moore 26 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 29

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New Aero Club

Association Hopes to Make Tahitians Air-minded From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Oct. 6.

THE statutes of a new organisation, to be known as the “Aero Club de Tahiti,” were recently made public in the Journal Officiel of the Colony, and are creating a considerable amount of local interest.

The objects of the Association, which is under the honorary presidency of His Excellency, the Governor, are, among others, to encourage the development of aviation in French Oceania, and the instruction of the Tahitian population in the technique and practice of flying. This it is proposed to bring about by the promotion of various forms of aerial travel, the training of Tahitian pilots, instruction and drill for military schools, and the general diffusion among the public—particularly the younger generation of Tahitians —of the idea of travel by means of aeroplanes.

As a means towards the desired end a technical library is to be created, and a school for mechanics and aerial construction established, ’Planes will be at the disposal of members who wish to undertake a course of practical training in the art of flying, and in radio telegraphy and weather observation. Articles 30 to 32 of the statutes provide for a general Government supervision of the association’s activities, while regulations prepared by the Council of Administration are subject to the approbation of the Air Ministry and of the “Federation Aeronautique de France.”

On the list of foundation members are the names of Mr. Geo. Bambridge, (Mayor of Papeete), Lieutenant J. Guichard (who distinguished himself as a pilot during the War, and has been the main instigator in the formation of the new Association), Messrs. Hall and Nordhoff (whose flying record in the celebrated Escadrille Lafayette is well known), Monsieur Quesnot (President of the Papeete Chamber of Commerce), and many other local notabilities.

Undoubtedly, there is a future for air. travel among the scattered archipelagoes comprising the Colony of French Oceania, where nearly every island has either an interior or exterior lagoon of sheltered water —some of enormous size. No doubt the ambitious programme laid down by the founders of the “Aero Club de Tahiti” will take a long time to reach fruition, chiefly for economic reasons, but it is expected that steady progress will be made.

The first ’plane has already been constructed, and will no doubt take the air as soon as its engine arrives.

Hon. A. Jewell, non-official member of the Executive and Legislative Councils of Papua, returned to Port Moresby from Sydney by the October Macdhui, after a seven months’ visit to Great Britain.

Defensive Works In

Mandated Islands?

THERE are three groups of Pacific Islands held under the Mandate system —i.e., New Guinea, by Australia; Western Samoa, by New Zealand; and the Carolines and Marshall Islands, by Japan—and the question has been raised at Geneva as to where their legitimate activities under the Mandates cease, and colonising activities commence.

The Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations, Dr. Lange, declared at Geneva on September 18 that the Mandated lands were simply camouflaged colonies; and he gave as an instance the activities of the Japanese in the Marshalls and Carolines. Dr. Lange said that certain harbour works and other constructions proceeding in the Marshalls and Carolines were a disguised form of fortification, designed for the use of the Japanese fleet. Japan’s contention that they were intended for civil and commercial purposes was unconvincing, because the large sums involved were not justified by civil requirements.

A statement issued by the Japanese Foreign Office in Tokyo on September 19 reiterated that the purpose of the works in the Mandated islands was purely economic, and suspicions expressed at Geneva were baseless.

The position is remarkable, because Japan has withdrawn from the League of Nations and apparently does not recognise the wishes of that body; and she has stated, moreover, in the most explicit terms, that she will in no circumstances give up the Marshall and Caroline Islands, which she now holds nominally under a League of Nations mandate. 27

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1933

p. 30

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The Oldtrack In

Memories of New Guinea Goldfield Prior to the Aeroplane Services (Specially written for “Pacific Islands Monthly” hy M.G.) Part II TOWARDS the end of 1926, the Biengi tribe —Upper Bulolo—became troublesome. Picking off stragglers, they decapitated and disembowelled them, taking the bodies to eat. How long this had been going on before it was discovered will never be known, but apparently it was some time. Many miners commented on the number of “deserters” they lost on this stage, and attributed it to the fact that it was the last stage before Kaindi.

The discovery of the murders was an accident. A straggler, overtaken by darkness, slept in the kunai alone. Rising before dawn, he pushed ahead to rejoim his line. Arriving on a hilltop, he could see the track for miles ahead, and a line* of boys moving leisurely along, with theusual straggler in the rear. He then saw the kanakas creep up behind this boy and murder him.

The cat was out of the bag! The Government sent in a Patrol Officer who* arrested some natives which he hoped were the murderers. The Biengi then openly murdered two Government boys, to “pay back” for those arrested.

The trouble with the Biengi tribe was. ascribed to various causes. The two most persistent rumours at the time was that a miner had shot a native pig; and, another, that a mission teacher had a craving for European foods, especially rice and milk, and he incited the natives to do the killing, taking good care not to do the job himself.

Actually, the natives would not take much inciting. A fighting cannibal tribe, always at war with the Buangs, Kukukukus or Kaiwa tribes, the advent of the whites had interfered with their chief excitement in life, and indentured natives were as good a food as any other. Then there were the packs to plunder.

Encounter With Bushmen

Going to the beach with a line of boys, and two other miners, we found ourselves surrounded by these bow-andarrow men. Armed only with one shot gun between the three of us, we just stood there awaiting their next move.

Yelling something in unison, they laid their six feet bows on the ground. Leaving them there a moment or two, they shouted another guttural sentence; then, lifting their bows, they strung their arrows anc£ drew back the string to its full extent.

We expected a flight of arrows any moment; but, to our surprise, they again uttered the same sentence.

This performance continued for someconsiderable time. It was obvious they wished us to understand that if the prisoners held by the Government were released they would cease to be troublesome.

Having a brain wave, I placed my hands together in front of me as though manacled then pointed to Salamaua, and, bringing my hand around in a sweeping motion, I indicated their loved ones would be returned to them.

With a yell of understanding they raced away. I have since met a number of those kanakas who held us up, and we have laughed over the incident together.

Through Hostile Country

Returning from the beach that trip, I was unarmed. Not a firearm could I beg, borrow or steal. So, relying on overtaking someone going my way who carried arms, I arrived within a day’s stage of the Biengi country. My boys were distinctly nervy and I half expected desertions. , .

Many other boys were in this camp waiting until some white man came toescort them through the hostile country.

Fortunately, one boy had a .22 rifle, but he only had one cartridge. Lining up everyone in the camp —about ninety I told them if they wished to come with m© they would have to keep close together.

They needed no second telling. Not a boy allowed more than a short yard to separate him from the one in front, the whole day.

Carrying the pearifle, with its one cartridge, at the rear, and putting my boss boy armed with an axe and knife, in front, we travelled those grass lands at record speed. The punitive expedition, in charge of Warden McLean, was already in the kunai; but, always having a clear 28 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 31

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OR. PLA I N * I PST view, the kanakas kept just out of effective rifle shot.

As we walked down the long spur past Kabul Village we could see the Warden’s party, on our right, and the kanakas, who were shouting defiance, on the left, Later, the Warden’s party succeeded in .surrounding the kanakas, at night, and a fight ensued, some kanakas being killed. night, we slept at House Bamboo on the bank of the Bulolo River, with a well armed party, who were going in the •opposite direction. The boys asked us to post a guard and, armed with rifles, they paced solemnly up and down all night.

I was awakened several times when they were relieving sentries. Otherwise we were not disturbed.

Fly in from Salamaua to Wau, now, in .35-45 minutes, and you will wonder why all this fuss about the old track in. The magic of the aeroplane has you—its annihilation of space and distance, and the •dwarfing of earth-bound things, delude you into thinking the distances are not so very great, the mountains not so very high, the ground not so very rough or rocky.

The Early Stages

The track in was not “as the crow flies.” Who cut the first track? No one.

It was made by the bare feet of the stone-age hunters and raiders. For strategic reasons these kanakas wherever possible had their tracks along the highest ridges and spurs; thus many a mountain was climbed that could have "been avoided. Naturally, the early prospectors followed these tracks and we of the rush, in turn, followed them.

Leaving Salamaua, the very start was tiring—tramping through the soft beach sand to Logua. Here, there was usually delay; either the kanakas would not come and collect you with their canoes (Major Skeets rectified this later) or the xiver was in flood, which meant returning to Salamaua. After crossing the Frisco, ■one passed through flat, swampy, leechinfested country, then climbed Komiatum.

This mountain, about 1,500 ft., was bereft of all shade or water, and the sun beat down unmercifully on one’s back in the -afternoon. If it was raining, the red volcanic clay gave no foothold.

After spending the night at Komiatum one started again by climbing some hundreds of feet, then descended a steep, greasy track to House Sac-sac No. 1 for the mid-day halt. The afternoon was spent following a stream, Bugap Creek, crossing and re-crossing, now along the bed and now along the bank. This was •a very beautiful little valley. Various exotic flowers bloomed in profusion and bright-plumaged birds seemed more in abundance than elsewhere in T.N.G.

The night was spent at House Sac-sac No. 2. On the* third day, one turned up the Bitoi Valley, crossing many big tributaries, any of which caused a hold-up if in flood. Crossing the Bitoi River by way cf the well-known Bridge Kunda—popular only with equilibrists and would-be Blondins—the afternoon was spent zigzagging up Waipali, a dreadful 4,000 ft. bump in the country, without shade. One passed the night in a very poor sort of a village, to which water had to be carried for some considerable distance, and no native foods were available.

Terrible Gagagadu

Along razor-backs, to Wibaining, then a dreadful hand-over-hand climb down to the Bitoi River again, which one followed for a couple of miles. There was one spot, where the track skirted this river, that was particularly dangerous. It necessitated moving along crab-wise, hanging on by nitches cut in the cliffface, with the seething river thirty feet below. The boys appropriately attached the sobriquet of “Black Bokis” (flying fox) to this spot. That afternoon’s climb was the worst on the whole of the track. Up, up, ever up, almost perpendicular the whole- way. Every hour you thought you saw the summit, and when you arrived it was only a short change of gradient that had deceived you, Gadagadu had seven of the false summits. On my first trip, I remember, my cook-boy, seeing the fourth false summit, felt sure it was the top and made an extra spurt; his disillusionment was so great that he sat and wept. Manfully plodding on, he began to sway with exhaustion, and I had to hump his pack the last 1000 ft., arriving at Gadagadu more dead than alive.

Real mountain warriors were the Kiawas. Every village was perched high on a mountain-top, clear of the bush.

Ascending Gadagadu Mountain, and looking across the Bitoi Gorge, gardens— divided into plots by logs—could be seen on the precipitous bush-covered mountainsides. To attend those gardens, the kanakas had to ascend and descend the enormous mountains. The reason was obvious. They built their villages on the 29

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1 933

p. 32

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kunai mountains for defence, but the grass country was not good gardening soil.

The “Big Six” (Darby, Levien, and the others) established relay stores at Gadagadu to utilize better the occasional lines of casual carriers they obtained from the beach villages.

The Moss Country

Leaving Gadagadu, the track passed into the high-altitude moss forest. Here lichen grew ad. lib —every tree trunk and bough was moss or lichen covered. Leafmould and moss covered the earth several feet deep, between the aerial roots of the trees. Walking became a nightmare—just stepping from one slippery, moss-covered root to another. It was necessary to place the foot cautiously so that the waist of the boot gripped the root; even so, falls were numerous. Rain seemed to fall continuously; or a thick, soaking mountain mist (actually clouds), enveloped one.

The whole forest was damp, dank, and eerily silent. No life was in evidence, except our unhappy selves and our miserable carriers, who seemed too impressed, or depressed, to utter a word.

Up one mountain and down again, all day long. It took hands and feet to climb up; and, going down, the kneecaps felt as though they would split with the strain.

A stick was of little asistance as, once weight was placed on it, it sank through the moss and leafage, some distance before reaching the ground.

The stage camp at House Copper No. 1 was the highest on the road, over 7 8 000 ft. On our first trip we missed this camp and spent the night on the summit, 8,300 ft., sometimes called House Copper No. 2.

The boys spent most of the night positively howling with the cold; and, under a kuruka lean-to, my mate and I, wrapping a blanket around our shoulders, sat and alternately blew on some rotten water-logged sticks, miscalled a fire. The rain poured down on us, the poor kuruka roofing only serving to divert it into streams instead of drops. It was one of the unhappiest nights of my life, not excluding the war.

From House Copper on to House Kuruka (or Bairu Camp, as it is marked on some maps) the same thing: moss forests, aerial roots, constant falls, mountains, more mountains, rain, more rain. At one stretch, a creek bed was followed for three hours —boulder-strewn, swift-flowing, and steep. To make things more interesting, there were several water-falls to climb, greasy, weather-worn bed-rock, a case of hang on by tooth and nail, whilst the Arctic waters filled ones’ shirt and trousers from above. House Kuruka was not a bad camp, although often referred to as “Flea Camp.” They certainly kept one busy.

Down To The Bulolo

The following day the descent of the range began in earnest. Jar —jar—jar!

Hang on or drop hundreds of feet, or slither on your seat until some tree or boulder brought you up with a bump.

Many times on the road, lop-sided legs would have been useful for negotiating the sidlings. Crawling around the side of steep mountains was often worse than climbing them. Descending the range also meant many ascents, going down perhaps 1,000 ft. and up 800 ft.

Far below House Kuruka was Quobaik River, which was followed for an hour, crossing and re-crossing. On my first trip, we were held up here by a flood, and, in a torrential downpour, we rigged our flys on the mountainside and found them hardly sufficient to crowd under. But, by lying closely side-by-side, we just fitted in. I picked my cook-boy as the less odorous to be my next floor neighbour, whilst my mate chose the boss-boy for his. During the night there must have been some re-shuffle, for I wakened with the foul smell of a very unwashed grilleacovered carrier, who had somehow displaced the reasonably clean cook-boy.

Up hill and down dale, then out once more into the open kunai. After days of rank tropical bush and dank mountain forests, the sight of the glorious Bulolo Valley from this vantage point was breath-taking. We sat and contemplated it for an hour, whilst our clothes dried in 30

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 33

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KENT AND LIVERPOOL STREETS, SYDNEY, N.S.W. the warm sunshine. So many of your readers have seen this beautiful valley that I need not describe it.

Past Rabul Village quite friendly-seeming, then down kunai spurs—comparatively comfortable walking after the aerial roots of the range, and stones of the creek beds. Avery high log led across the Bulolo River. It swayed nauseatingly when traversed and I, for one, was always terrified of it. Later, kunda vines were strung across to act as hand rails.

After spending the night at House Bamboo, the seventh day was an easy stage. Along the flats of the Bulolo, over half a dozen creeks, past where Wau now stands, over the Crater and down to Anderson’s Creek. This was a very good camp, and gave us our first sight of goldmining. Smart, Burke, and Anderson had worked this area out in 1925.

And Up To Edie Creek

The last day, up to Edie Creek, was a killer. The track, although always ascending, skirted around the mountain diagonally. There always was rain or mist, and drip, drip, drip from the trees. There was no place for a mid-day spell. Logs to climb over or under, and landslides to negotiate. But “Mecca” was at the end, albeit cold and wet.

The stages I have mentioned here were altered when Dover’s Track came into use. House Sac-sac No. 2 to Waipali became House Sac-sac No. 2 to Wibaining. to allow an earlier start on the dreadful Gadagadu climb. Many cut the House Kuruka to House Bamboo stage down to House Kuruka to House Kunai —on the edge of the grass lands above the Biengi villages—and from House Kunai they went through to Wau Creek.

Fiji’S Eleventh Show

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Oct. 21.

IN fine weather, the Eleventh Annual Fiji Show was opened at Suva on October 15 by the Governor, Sir Murchison Fletcher, K.C.M.G., C.8.E., accompanied by Major Clive B. Joske, 0.8. E., M.C., Honorary A.D.C. Speaking briefly at the ceremony, His Excellency congratulated the Department of Agriculture on the high standard of the show. The Governor later spent some time inspecting the Colony’s resources displayed on the various exhibits.

Sir Maynard Hedstrom’s cup for district exhibits was presented to Mr. B. L. Meek, on behalf of Navuso-Davuilevu district. In the agricultural section, the Government Department’s display attracted much attention, showing the manufacture of tobacco and cigars, copra and cotton growing, and the grading of fruit for export.

Fiji’s new gold industry was represented by ore samples from the Emperor mine and assaying apparatus exhibited by the Government Analyst.

The story of sugar cultivation in the group was illustrated by models and photographs on the Colonial Sugar Refining Co.’s stand.

Faure, Blattman & Co.

THE well-known London firm of Faure, Blattman and Company, which has been prominent for a long - time in the European vegetable oil seeds market, has altered its name. In a recent circular to clients it was stated that the partnership between Henry M. F. Faure, Richard T. Blattman, James C. A. Faure, and Peter H.

Faure had been dissolved by mutual consent.

A new company styled H. M. F. Faure and Company has been formed under the direction cf Messrs H. M. F. Faure, J. C. A. Faure and -r. H. Faure. The latter firm will carry on business m much the same manner as Faure, Blattman and Co., and will operate from the same address, viz., Cunard House, Leadenhall St., London, E.C.3.

Miss Ida C. Wench, who has served since 1909 with the Melanesian Mission at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, departed from Sydney for England on sick furlough by the Orsova on November 9.

Papuan Planters’

ASSOCIATION From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, October 16.

A PLANTERS’ Association has recently been formed in Papua to promote and protect the interests of the planters throughout the Territory.

It is understood that all party and local politics (except so far as they affect planting interests) are to be rigidly excluded.

The association has been formed solely for the purpose of furthering the planting interests, and particular stress has been laid down that the association should be composed only of members actively engaged in planting.

The hon. secretaries, Messrs. G. A. Loudon and R. Walshe advise that many planters have applied for membership in the Central Division and it is anticipated that a considerable number of applications will arrive shortly from the East—a busy centre of plantations.

Miss Mary Edwards, a well-known Australian artist, who spent some time in French Oceania several years ago, is at present painting the portrait of Crown Prince George Taufa’ahau, of Tonga, in her studio at Woollahra. 31

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20. 1935

p. 34

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Public Service Of New

GUINEA THE following alterations in the staff of the New Guinea Public Service were published in the Administration’s Bulletin No. 43, issued at the end of September:—

Appointments And Promotions

Lloyd Pursehouse, Cadet, District Service Dept.; Herbert Spencer Roberts, Medical Officer, Health Dept.; Edith Lydia Shaw, Nurse, Health Dept.; Joslyn Elizabeth Bannister, Nurse, Health Dept.; Arthur Ernest Fry, Inspector of Mines and Machinery; Allan James Clarke, Mechanic and Linesman, Treasury Dept.; R. R. McLennan, promoted to Clerk, District Services Dept.

TRANSFERS F. J. Jeffery, Inspector, Agriculture Dept., Slabaul to Kavieng; J. D. Marshall, Customs Clerk, Salamaua to Rabaul; K. W. Nettleship, Customs Clerk, Rabaul to Salamaua; E. A. Feldt, District Officer, Madang to Rabaul; J. W. Hodgekiss, Patrol Officer, Wewak to Ambunti; G. M.

Keogh, Patrol Officer, Rabaul to Salamaua; G.

Ellis, Assistant District Officer, Talesea to Rabaul; E. D. Robinson, Assistant District Officer, Wewak to Rabaul; H. E. Woodman, Assistant District Officer, Gasmata to Rabaul; R. B. McVilley, Cadet, Otibanda to Wau; T. A. Hough, Cadet, Wau to Otibanda; C. D. Bates, Patrol Officer, Wau to Salamaua; E. G. Sheldon, Surveyor, Wau to Salamaua; I. Clark, Medical Assistant, Edie Creek to Rabaul; Miss L. E. Locke, Nurse, Kavieng to Rabaul; Miss D. M. May, Nurse, Rabaul to Kavieng; H. W. Quinton, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Kieta; W. N. B. Boland, Medical Assistant, Gasmata to Rabaul; A. C.

Ewing, Medical Assistant, Madang to Maty Island, en route to Lorengau; J. F. Collins, Medical Assistant, Salamaua to Edie Creek; A. M.

Eglinton, Storeman, Treasury Dept., Rabaul to Salamaua; J. W. Smith, Stores Inspector, Treasury Dept., Rabaul to Kieta; A. J Clarke, Mechanic and Linesman, Treasury Dept., Rabaul to Salamaua.

Temporary Appointments

Mrs. L. Broadbent, Typiste, Government Secretary’s Dept.; C. M. O’Brien, Chainman, Lands Dept.; Mrs. J. Daley, Housekeeper, European Hospital, Wau; C. C. Wood, Storeman, Public Works Dept.; R. H. Stevens, Clerk, Treasury Dept.

Police Force Transfers

Warrant Officer A. L. Jones, Kokopo to Kieta; Warrant Officer A. M. Sinclair, Kieta to Rabaul; Warrant Officer N. B. N. Blood, Rabaul to Kokopo; Warrant Officer A. Barnes, Rabaul to Wau; Warrant Officer W. E. Allen, Edie Creek to Rabaul; Warrant Officer R. H. Hicks, Wau to Rabaul; Warrant Officer E. E. Walker, Rabaul to Lorengau.

Mr. Fred. J. Deckert, one of the pioneers of motor transport on the New Guinea goldfields, returned to the Mandated Territory after holidays in Australia, by the last Macdhui. His business is now conducted under the title of the Wau Carrying Company.

Excise Duty On

TOBACCO TO PACIFIC IS.

May be Lifted to Help Australian Exporters THE manufacture of trade tobacco for use by Pacific Islands natives is almost wholly in the hands of American interests, who annually export thousands of pounds worth of black stick tobacco.

In the Federal Parliament at the end of September, the Hon. A. E. Green (Western Australia) questioned the Minister for Trade and Customs (Hon. T. W.

White) regarding the possibility of assisting Australian manufacturers to capture the tobacco trade of at least those islands commercially related to the Commonwealth.

“In view of the fact that all the tobacco consumed in the Solomon Islands, valued at £11,495 per annum, is exported entirely from the United States of America, and that that country does not import any Solomon Islands produce, whereas Australia imports goods to the value of £120,371 per annum, or two-thirds of the total S.I. exports,” said Mr. Green, “will the Minister consider the adyisableness of entirely removing the excise duty on prospective exports of tobacco and cigarettes produced by Australian manufacturers prepared to try to capture the Solomon Islands trade? Will he also make inquiries with regard to opportunities for similar trade in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea and Papua?”

“Australia would doubtless like to obtain the Pacific Islands trade in tobacco, and the matter has been thoroughly investigated,” replied Mr. White. “It has been found, however, that the tobacco used by the natives is a black twist of a class not manufactured in Australia.

Indeed, there is not available in this country labour of the kind necessary to manufacture it. In order to encourage the use of Australian dark leaf the Government has reduced the excise duty on tobacco intended to be sold to Australian aborigines. They prefer tobacco in plug form. However I shall investigate the possibility of completely lifting the excise duty on tobacco intended for the Pacific Islands trade.”

Rich Silver Lode Discovered Near Suva From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, October 23.

REPORTS have reached Suva that a silver lode has been discovered by prospectors about four miles from the capital.

Surface indications are that it is rich. It is doubtful, however, if a lease can be granted as the lode is situated within Suva’s water catchment area and no other suitable water supply is available.

Rev. and Mrs. Ernest Lawton arrived in Sydney from Norfolk Island by the Morinda on October 21. Mr. Lawton has been stationed on N.I. for the Melanesian Mission since 1933. 32 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 35

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Soap “Dumping” In

TAHITI Plan to Limit Importations is Rejected From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Oct. 5, A T a recent meeting of the Papeete Chamber of Commerce, a lively discussion took place upon the proposition of local soap manufacturers, of which there are several of French and Chinese nationality, to limit the importations of New Zealand and Australian laundry soap to 25 tons per annum. It was pointed out that the protective tax of 75 francs per kilo imposed on foreign soaps in June, 1934, had failed to diminish importations to any appreciable extent, and a greater measure of protection was needed against the “dumping” of foreign manufactured soaps on the Tahiti market, which was bringing about the ruin of the local industry.

Official statistics for the first six months of 1935 indicate that importations of foreign laundry soaps were between 150 and 200 tons. The total consumption of the Colony is estimated by the Chamber of Commerce at 250 tons per annum.

Other members of the Chamber spoke strongly against any measure which would increase the cost of living, and it was stated that good soap from Marseilles was actually being landed in Tahiti at a cost very near to that of the New Zealand soap: the protection already existing was therefore considered to be sufficient. One member proposed that instead of limiting the importation of soap to 25 tons per annum, New Zealand should purchase from Tahiti an amount of fruit and other products equal in value to the goods imported from that counry—French fruit being at present subject to a heavy duty in New Zealand.

In the end, the proposition of the local soap manufacturers was rejected by the unanimous vote of the Chamber, it being considered that an additional import tax on foreign soap, or the limitation of importations from abroad, would not be justified at the present time.

A surtax of 20 francs per 100 kilos on gasolene was later agreed to by a majority of the Chamber, it having been stated by His Excellency the Governor that the revenue derived from the tax would be used exclusively for the maintenance of roads.

Theme Song Of Labour

ORDINANCE Letter to the Editor the new New Guinea ordinance relative to native labour has been printed and is for sale.

On reading- through it one is struck with a paragraph that so often occurs that I think it should be called the Theme Song of Native Labour: “Penalty, One Hundred Pounds.”

Let us glance through the laws of civilised countries of the world and see where and for what offences this penalty is shown. Then compare.

It is about time that steps were taken to curb the extreme lengths to which New Guinea law-makers and judges seem prone to go.

I am, etc..

N.G. RESIDENT.

Aitape, N.G., 21/9/’35. 33 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 36

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Suwarrow Island

Levers’ Experiments with Torres Strait Shell IN the September issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly there was published a Tropicality stating that Captain Charles Menmuir took a large consignment of pearl shell from Thursday Island to the Northern Cook Islands in 1906. We asked for further information regarding the outcome of the experiment.

A subscriber in Melbourne, Mr. C.

Buchanan, of the Australian and Overseas Travel Service, courteously supplied the Sydney address of Captain Menmuir, who is now secretary of the Royal Shipwreck Relief and Humane Society of New South Wales. The latter provided the following details about the experiment: Early in 1906 Levers’ S.S. Upolu left Sydney, en route from the Solomon Islands to Torres Strait, to transfer a cargo of live pearl shell to Suwarrow Island, some 500 miles north-west of Rarotonga, in the Cook Group. On arrival at Sunday Island in Torres Strait, 30,000 shells were gathered and placed in barrels, holding roughly a dozen shells each. The barrels were mounted on oblong frames attached to tiers of shelves, which had been specially fitted up between decks, and were so arranged that a constant flow of pumped water percolated through them.

Only golden-lip shell was taken —blacklip shell being already plentiful at Suwarrow, where Levers’ Pacific Plantations Pty.

Ltd. maintained a pearling station. The difference in price between golden-lip and black-lip shell was at that time in the vicinity of £9O per ton and the commercial cultivation of golden-lip shell at Suwarrow seemed a sound business proposition.

Loaded with shell, the Upolu, under the command of Captain Menmuir, left Torres Strait for the Northern Cook Islands, via Suva, Fiji. A successful crossing was accomplished, with an infinitesimal loss of shell. At Suwarrow the pearl shells were placed in wire covered frames, and lowered into the lagoon. The Upolu departed, leaving an English conchologist, Mr. (later Sir) Saville Kent, in charge of the experiments. His assistant was Mr. James Huddy, of Torres Strait, who afterwards became manager of Messrs. Levers’ at Gavutu, Solomon Islands.

Subsequently the shells spatted and produced pearl shell, which, however, was not quite the success hoped for. Unfortunately, before further necessary experiments could be undertaken, Levers’ lease of Suwarrow expired, and the New Zealand Government declined to renew it. After the N.Z. authorities took over the island very little was done to continue the experiments, and eventually they were abandoned.

When she left Suwarrow Island, the Upolu returned to the Solomons and later was sold to interests in China. During the Great War she kept up a service between San Francisco (Western America) and Papeete (Tahiti). It is believed that she was lost several years later on the China coast.

One of that fine band of Scottish seamen who, at the beginning of the century, sailed the Seven Seas, from Greenock to the Gilberts, from ’Frisco to the Fijis, in charge of men and ships, Captain Charles Menmuir spent over 20 years in and about the Pacific Islands. In 1897 he left Sydney in the S.S. Fernmount and, after trading in the Gilbert Group for On Chong and Co., Ltd., joined Levers’ to take command of their trading vessel. In 1910 he went to England to supervise the building of the steamer Kulambangra, which he sailed out to the Solomons, Captain Menmuir left Levers’ service in 1914, after taking the Kulambangra back to England. Incidentally that vessel was later sold in Great Britain for the West African Coast trade; she eventually was wrecked in Borneo.

It was stated in the Commonwealth Parliament during October that in the year 1933-34 Papua imported from America goods worth £30,139 —including tobacco £14,490, and benzine and oils £7,000. The exports from Papua to U.S.A. consisted entirely of natural history specimens, worth £5,820. 34 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 37

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Cook Is. Mystery

SOLVED School-children Breakfast On Stolen Copra From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, October 6. gradual disappearance of a quantity of copra stored on the wharf here has for some time puzzled officials of the Union Steamship Co. Last week the mystery was solved, and what had been thought to be the work of rats turned out to be entirely due to the depredations of Avarua school-children.

Now something is radically wrong somewhere when school-children eat upwards of 16 bags of copra, and enquiry revealed the distressing fact that the majority of the youngsters leave home in the morning without breakfast, substituting a few scraps of stolen copra hastily washed at a nearby tap. Many of them have to walk a considerable distance and since school —for some extraordinary reason—commences at 7 a.m. a number, even in normal times, start the day with only a few cold kumuras or taro to see them through until 1 or 2 p.m.

But, to-day, even the cold tuber is often absent.

This is particularly the case in Avarua, where a big proportion of the population is made up of natives from other islands of the group, and who, being locally landless, depend for their living on wages, fishing, the making of curios, the charity of relatives, etc. The hurricane of last February, temporarily washed out or materially reduced these sources and to aggravate matters further many people have gambled on the chance of a good return from tomatoes and accordingly neglected the planting of their own foodorops.

Another six months and the situation will adjust itself, but in the interval it seems a pity that the children should have to suffer when at the outside £l5 or £2O a month would provide them with a bowl of hot coffee and a half-loaf each every morning. Admittedly the Administration is already carrying a heavy load of expense, but as part of this is “tophamper” in the form of not wholly indispensable supernumerary officials, perhaps something could be done.

American Copra Taxes

Letter to the Editor.

TIEGARDING your article, “Baffling Copra Market,” in your issue of July 23, I think you are confusing the American Processing Tax, instituted by the powers delegated under the Agricultural Adjustment Act (which delegated powers have since been held to be ultra vires) and the Excise Tax on Oils, Fats and Oilseeds which was included in the Revenue Bill of 1934.

The validity of these latter taxes has never been in question.

I am, etc., H. M. F. FAURE.

Leadenhall Street, London. September 10, 1935.

EDITORIAL NOTE: In the article referred to, we had commented upon the remarkable puzzle presented by the copra market. The world statistical position, and market students of emine?ce ’, SU( as Mr. Faure, indicated that prices Should rise, whereas prices remained low. We suggested, as one contributing factor, the imposts placed on copra imports by America, which had the effect of turning Philippines supplies away from the U.S.A. to the European market, and depressing the latter. It is obvious, on re-reading our article, that we did confuse the two sets of taxes, as suggested by Mr. Faure. However, the effect was the same: Philippines copra was thrown on to the sick European market.

Incidentally, the position has changed considerably since the article was written. Copra prices have improved steadily, and the critics and prophets have been justified.

Mr. George Brett, who has large coconut plantation interests in Eastern Papua, returned to Samarai by the Macdhui from Sydney in October. 35

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 38

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Fishing Trips and Launch Excursions arranged Licensee: E. J. Morrow TAHITI AND French Oceania This book, by Samuel Russell, is a valuable work of reference. It gives, in relation to Tahiti and French Oceania, complete details of administration, commerce, sport, tourist resorts, industries, excursions, hotels, immigration and land laws, etc.

Yachtsmen and fishermen, who are visiting Tahiti in increasing numbers, will find this a most useful handbook.

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Under the Personal Management of Mrs. H. Luxmoore 36 November 20, 1 933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 39

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The Waves That Lap Our Shores

(A notable American writer, with quaint humour and delightful satire, gives his impressions of some visitors to Eastern Polynesia.) POPULAR interest in the islands of the Pacific is a curious phenomenon. It moves in waves, but these do not follow one another, either with regularity in time or uniformity in size.

To survey the entire historical procession, from the first great tidal-wave of general interest that resulted from the discoveries of Captains Wallis, Bougainville and Cook, to the present day, would be impossible without taking all the sea-room the Pacific affords. 1 shall, therefore, content myself with mention of some of the latter-day waves I have watched advancing and receding through French Polynesia. No doubt other P.I.M. readers would have a somewhat similar story to tell of those they have seen splashing over their coral reefs.

There has been very little of the stately, rhythmical motion usually inherent in wave progression. To me, they seem to come in a somewhat messy fashion, the backwash of one meeting the onset of the next, and these conflicting impulses give a choppy effect to all. Nevertheless, waves are discernible, and as each one recedes, it is seen to have had a character of its own.

A QUITE general wave of interest moved outward, island-ward, immediately after the war. People wanted to get away from the kind of civilisation that could produce such a disaster, and where could they go if not to the small groups of islands in the remotest of oceans?

There were ironic ripples on the surface of this wave. We had, formerly, considered the inhabitants of these islands as savages, barbarians, in need of our enlightening influence. After the war we were less sure as to the direction from which enlightenment should come.

Many of these post-war travellers still knew little of the South Seas except that Captain Cook had explored them. They expected to find the islands about as he had left them, and so they came with trunks filled with tenpenny nails, glass beads, spools of wire, brass curtain-rings for brown noses, and the like, to be used in barter with the savages. But the savages were not interested, and the result was that all the island roads and beaches were so cluttered with cheap trinkets and other trash, discarded by the disillusioned travellers, that the mess has not been wholly cleared up even to this day.

WHEN this wave had receded, came Y another which brought with it a mixed grill of human ingredients that seemed to have been assembled from everywhere. There were nature men with skinny shanks, mild vegetarian eyes, and a complete preoccupation with matters of diet, which prevented them from thinking of anything except the raw fruit that went into their bellies. Pre-nudists, garbed in parens, ran up and down the beaches, halfcrazy with our larger island freedom, shouting and eating bananas.

Adherents of Gauguin came to paint what Gauguin did, better than he did, and the brisk slip-slapping of their brushes was the predominating music of the arrival of this wave. I doubt whether, in the history of painting, there have ever been so many masterpieces of primitive art smeared upon good canvas as were smeared at Tahiti during the years 1920-22. Where are they now?

MUCH the wettest of all the waves followed. It came, of course, from the then-arid lands of the U.S.A. Prohibition brought us what amounted to an inundation of some of the most engaging old soaks that a man could wish to clink glasses with.

To be sure, their one topic of conversation was “the good old days” at home, gone forever, as they then believed; but they had qualities of heart that would have endeared them to any human being, and I have shed more than one tear over their graves. For this wave failed to recede, or most of it did. It seeped, drop by 90 per cent.-pure drop, into the sandy soil of our island cemeteries, where flowers of the most intoxicating odours sprang up with memorial promptitude. 7 | ’HEN came the scientific wave—but it is scarcely accurate to speak of the scientific interest in the islands as having a 37 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 40

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TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY BATTERIES wavelike formation. It is nearer the truth to say that wavelets of such interest are lapping the coral reefs at all times. Some of these bring men who are authorities in their various fields and who accomplish work of permanent value. Far be it from me to speak lightly of them!

But amongst them, though not of them, are scientists of another kind.

A perceptible number of these latter were wafted to Polynesia a few years back.

There were both men and women, somewhat on the adolescent side. It was as though certain universities had loosed at the same time hopeful young specialisers in anthropology, granting them travelling scholarships, with the understanding that their specialising was to be done upon the long-suffering natives of the South Seas.

Wherever you heard the word “pattern” lingering in the air, you could be sure that a group of these young scientists was nearby. “Culture patterns,” “behaviour patterns” .... there was a ceaseless patter about patterns. They would have been speechless without the word —as dumb as American high-school students without their serviceable “swell.”

Some had taken post-graduate work in psychology, with special reference to the psychology of sex. Their enthusiasm for this branch of the subject seemed a bit lopsided. They gloated over it, and lost no time in ravishing the virgin field of Polynesia. All the natives know, of course, that there is such a thing as sex; but they didn’t know, until these young specialisers came, how enormously important it is: a concern that occupies, or should occupy, an arc of 358 degrees of the circle of their interests.

It was difficult, at first, for the investigators to get into action, for they could not speak the language of the islanders they were investigating. But they overcame this. They hired interpreters, and roamed through the native villages, whispering young men and women off behind coconutpalms and purau trees, where they questioned them, at second-hand, about their love life. For all the natural reluctance of Polynesians—as well as other folk —to discuss these intimate matters with complete strangers, to say nothing of discussing them through interpreters, the scientists gathered bales of data. They filled trunks with notebooks dripping with secrets, and then rushed home to write books with such titles as “Adolescent Polynesia,” “The Love Life of the Puka- Pukans,” “Relics of Phallic Symbolism in the Childhood Games of the Ahu-Ahuians,” and the like. They were trained—or better, perhaps, over-trained Phallic-Symbolists.

Everywhere they went they moved in a veritable forest of them. They spotted them even on absolutely plane surfaces.

The very waves of the sea that carried them from island to island were infallible phallic.

I REMEMBER one young woman who was, perhaps, super-typical rather than typical, of the others. She had thin sandy hair, squirrel teeth, and a lisp in her speech. She missed no chances. She was here, there, everywhere. She would even gumshoe up to some dignified old Colonial, old enough to be her grandfather, fix him with a glance, and startle him with some such question as: “Will you dethscribe to me, pleathe, the prethithe technique of copulation among the nativeth?”

She was a holy terror! Even the most hardened old sinners in Polynesia fled at her approach. But she had come for information and she was bound to have it. I have often wondered what learned anthropological treatise she mothered when she went home.

I remember one young male whose book, the result of his sojourn, was a huge one.

In his Preface, where he outlined the scope of it, he observed, by the way: “It was necessary for me to spend five months in learning the language.” Having so lightly leaped that hurdle, he had seven additional months to give to his studies proper. There are plodders in this same field who have been climbing the steeps of language for years, hoping to reach the fruit this young genius gobbled up at one meal, so to speak. There is nothing like having the gift of tongues!

BUT, to return to waves, I recall one that was horrible —truly so. Residents of the Society Group, of Tahiti in particular, will not soon forget it. Fortunately, it 38 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 41

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Malloch House, 10-14 Young Street, Sydney wasn’t large, but it brought with it an assortment of flotsam and jetsam composed of numerous sexes, but with scarcely any representatives of the two old reliable ones: male and female.

This strange and sudden invasion of betwixt-and-betweens has never been adequately explained. Some thought there must have been an accountable increase in their numbers elsewhere, and that Tahiti was receiving the overflow. Others believed that, in some international congress of these Viva Sexlessnists, new worlds to conquer had been discussed, and that a careful examination of all the worlds there are, had revealed only Polynesia as lacking the ministrations of these latter-day missionaries. However that may be, come they did, from lands as widely separated as England, Germany, and the U.S.A. But further reference to this wave may be waived. It retired as suddenly, but not as unaccountably, as it had come.

There have been so many waves, of various kinds, that it is difficult to speak of them in their order. The round-the-world tourist wave must not be forgotten. It is justifiable to consider the arrival of any round-the-world tourist hotel as a wave in itself. In ports like Canton, Bombay, Singapore, the arrival of these ships causes, I imagine, no more than a perceptible ripple on the surface of indigenous life. But on little islands like Tahiti, where the vessel arriving is larger than the island arrived at, the excitement is great. Great, but short-lived.

THE globe-girdlers’ wave is the funniest of all to watch advancing. lam speaking from the point-of-view of the lookeron.

The natives on the crumb of land where the vessel is to call, array themselves in flowers. The local merchants wear their broadest smiles as they dust the cobwebs off their curios. The people on the advancing wave itself smile in their turn as they see the green shores of these lotus-lands growing momentarily more distinct and entrancing. They load their cameras and don their sun-helmets and sun-suits for going ashore. Now the wave is close by.

The joyful local merchants are waving their cupped hands in welcome from the quai; the natives are singing one of their charming songs, the eager tourists waving back from along the rail.

And then, just as the wave is about to break, and everyone is happily thinking what a beautiful break it is to- be for all concerned—Whish-sh-sh! The wave has receded —gone! So brief was the splash that the sand of the beaches is scarcely wetted by it. Before welcomers or welcomed have had time to rub their eyes, the steamer is off again. The irate merchants see nothing in their tills. The astonished natives see nothing but a vanishing smudge of smoke. The wistful travellers see nothing of the island save the peak of its highest mountain descending into the sea behind them, as though Father Neptune were sending it down in an express elevator.

Steamship companies offer their prospective globe-girdlers a tempting array of ports in their beautifully - illustrated itineraries. Tempting is precisely what they must be, even after the voyage has been completed.

Many waves, besides those mentioned here, “have swelled, foamed for a moment, and gone,” across French Polynesia.

At present, the wave of world-wide industrial depression has absorbed all the others. This wave, in defiance of natural law, doesn’t travel. It seems to remain stationary, over the smoke-blackened homes of its origin.

Polynesia is, therefore, enjoying a period of blessed peace; and it is blessed, I think, to the natives. They have their islands to themselves for a little while. I doubt if it will be for long. I predict that, once transpacific airways are established —and that time is at hand—the islands of the South Seas will be, not occasionally, but permanently waved.

J.N.H.

Miss V. Roberts, who has been at the Samarai Hospital, will act as Matron at the Port Moresby Hospital until the retiring matron’s leave of 10i months expires. Miss M. Franklin, who has been relieving nurse there for some time, is to be appointed to the position of Sister. 39

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 42

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Miss Nellis Stead, of the Melanesian Mission’s school at Maravovo, Solomon Islands, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the Malaita at the end of September.

Men Who Knew Yesterday

By Julian Hillas

3.—Stephan Savage

T>EADERS of the “Journal of Polynesian Research” already are acacquainted with the name of Stephan Savage as a contributor and authority on matters Polynesian.

Born in New Zealand, on the Thames Goldfields, Savage hit the Islands trail at the age of 21, coming to Rarotonga in 1894 on the invitation of Henry Nicholas, then a prominent figure in the small white community, and owner of a cotton ginnery erected during the boom which followed the American Civil War. But cotton was never a great success in the Islands and here, as in Tahiti, one comes across the rusting remains of machinery that scarcely paid its own freight charges.

Henry Nicholas, however, had other irons in the fire and young Savage soon found himself building buggies, tempering steel and acting as a compositor on the “Torea” —first non-sectarian newssheet in the Protectorate. A certain independence of spirit led to differences of opinion and old Mr. Nicholas, having the usual prerogative of employers, used it to terminate their association.

From the “Torea,” Savage went over to the rival “loi Karenga,” published by Oscar Owen, a former Melbourne printer, A year or so later he bought out the latter and, the paper having been incorporated with the “Cook Islands Gazette,” he continued issuing it, with the help of five native assistants, until 1900, when Colonel Gudgeon, C.M.G., offered him the appointment of Interpreter and Clerk to the Federal Parliament. But the dual position soon created difficulties of its own, the same independent spirit leading Savage to publish several critical and derogatory letters in the “loi Karenga,”

The end of the paper was brought about by Colonel Gudgeon, with characteristic directness. Marching into the editorial office, the irate old gentleman waved the offending sheet in the air and then pointed to a peculiarly offensive letter. After listening to Savage’s explanations he turned round suddenly, interrupting him in the middle of a sentence.

“What’ll you take to close the paper altogether?” he demanded; and, without giving the other time to reply, he slapped down on the table an appointment as Government Secretary. “How’ll that suit you?” he went on, darkly. “No selfrespecting Secretary would think of running down his own Administration.”

A week later the “loi Karenga” disappeared from circulation!

The Federal Parliament continued to exist until the Annexation of the Group in 1901, when it was superceded by a Resident Commissioner and an Island Council consisting of nominated representatives of the principal districts. At the last Parliamentary session the Speaker, John Salmon, took advantage of the occasion to have himself awarded the one and only distinction ever conferred by that august body and a motion was duly 40 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 43

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The Gift Store Cr. KING & PITT STREETS, SYDNEY passed whereby “he be directed to obtain for himself a medal commemorating his long service as a Speaker.” Where and how he raised the money no one knew, for Parliament never made any grant, but in due course the decoration arrived and, together with a gold-laced cap, made a regular appearance at all the public and social functions their owner attended.

John Salmon was always a little vague about his medal.

Poor John! In the heyday of his youth he had married an island princess, a niece of the great Makea Ariki Nui, and he later reigned with her at Arorangi, where he alternately signed their joint correspondence as “Prince Consort” or “Minister of Finance,” according to the exigencies of the moment. He died in extreme poverty, ejected from the Palace after his wife’s death, and attended by one faithful servant almost as decrepit as himself.

Like a little flash of colour, his story flares up through the prosaic realities of the present, Romance, princesses and medals are, alas, no more to be found in the Islands, where even life and laughter hardly move at the same light-hearted tempo as they did in the days of John Salmon and Queen Tinomana.

Under the New Zealand administration Savage retained his Secretarial post until 1909, when he became Deputy Registrar of Courts and Deeds. In 1919, he was promoted to Registrar of the Court and, again in 1925, received the additional appointment of Commissioner of the High Court.

Always an enthusiastic student of Polynesia, he has been in the fortunate position of having held official posts which brought him into close contact with native life. There is probably no better or more reliable authority on the Cook Island dialects than Mr. Savage.

At the request of the N.Z. Maori Research Board, he recently compiled a muchneeded Rarotongan dictionary, containing some 6,000 words. The manuscript of the various sections was read by that eminent Maori scholar, the late Elsdon Best, and the whole is due shortly to appear in book form.

Twice married and the father of eleven childen, he has had unique facilities for observing the growth of a local colourbar. Thirty years ago such a thing was virtually unknown. Even the few white women here a?t that time mixed freely with the better-class native families who again,' possessed a courtesy, dignity and hospitality now practically extinct. From subsequent remarks on the subject, I rather gathered that the existing colour prejudices were largely in the nature of a defensive reaction, in the face of unequal sex competition.

Everyone, it appeared, was better off in those days. Exports were more varied and the maze of regulations which has since grown up around them had not yet started. Debts were almost unknown and tc make sure they continued so a “Private Debtors Act’’ prohibited the legal recovery of any debt incurred by a native. The chances of recovery being thus left to the personal honesty of a debtor, storekeepers showed a marked aversion to credit transactions. The Act was abolished in 1909, and over its grave a monumental kaiou has raised itself and, still mounting, threatens eventually to crush debtor and creditor alike under its colossal proportions.

In the palmy times of the Federal Parliament, laws against immorality and light dalliance between the sexes occasionally went hand-in-hand with the grossest corruption in high places. A reminiscent twinkle came into Mr.

Savage’s eyes as he spoke of his own youthful experiences ... There was the affair of Constable lota and Tepou Terangi, then Chief Judge of the Federal Court. Perhaps that was the best example he could give me of how things were conducted. . . Yes, he certainly thought so. .. Thirty six years ago, now, but Time passes very quickly in the Islands. ~ . Mr. Savage lit one of those twisty little black cheroots which he secretes about his person in odd pockets.

I am afraid Mr. Savage had been misbehaving himself 36 years ago. I am quite sure that he was breaking the Calvinistic law by which it was absolutely verhoten to invite one’s girl-friend indoors after dark. Nevertheless, she was inside and, Mr. Savage was also inside. The incident might not have been worthy of remark, had it not been for the nasty suspicions of Constable lota.

Constable lota heard voices and knocked. Fortunately, he was unable to get in.

With presence of mind, young Stephan thrust his visitor into a large cedar-wood chest, and closed the lid on her, before opening the door. The constable looked round in surprise. On the floor lay a jaunty little wreath of frangipani flowers.

The creamy white petals gleamed coquet tishly at him and his frown deepened.

Lifting a pillow, he smelt it gingerly. The fragrance of scented coconut-oil wafted upward to the official nose. But where was the lady?

Young Stephan protested strongly against these deductions, and sat himself firmly on the chest. Would Constable lota care for a small “spot” of rum?

Constable lota would. And did. But still he lingered. And, when finally he left, the wreath and pillow accompanied him as evidence to support his charge.

Not lightly was he going to abandon the chances of a ten dollar fine, out of which he would be entitled to receive a quarter share.

After a sleepless night, Stephan was up early and on his way to interview old Tepou Terangi, the chief judge. He found the latter drinking his morning coffee on the verandah.

“Good morning,” said Stephan, politely.

Tepou looked him over shrewdly. “You very early. What you want?”

Mr. S. Savage and Mrs. Savage, with Rongo-ma- Tane, Chief of the Island of Atiu (Cook Group); a photograph taken when Mr. Savage was leaving Atiu after a term there as Resident Agent. 41

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 44

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“Well, you see, I’m in trouble,” Stephan began.

“Aah!” said the Chief Justice. “What you bin doing now? Women?” Tepou Terangi had a sneaking sympathy for the offender.

“How much money you got with you?” he asked, after listening in silence. “Turn out your pockets, my boy.”

Stephan produced one Chile dollar and twenty cents, which the Chief Justice promptly tucked under the waistband of his pareu.

“That’s alright,” he said, comfortably.

“You leave this to me ... here comes lota.”

Constable lota harangued the “Court.”

The “Court” continued sipping coffee. A wreath? Bah! Why, anybody might be given a wreath. As for the pillow, perhaps the defendant himself used coconutoil on his hair? Stephan nodded emphatically.

Tepou shook his head reproachfully. In future, lota had better be more careful before charging respectable Europeans on mere suspicion. As an after-thought, he drew out the twenty cent piece and handed :t to the constable. It would never do to discourage him altogether from bringing any fresh cases. Also, it slightly eased the Chief Justice’s own conscience; and, the business of the morning being satisfactorily settled, he poured himself a second cup of black island coffee.

Mr. Savage is one of those men who are like the wheels of a clock; they do the work without being seen. Indeed, there have been times when it was very doubtful whether the hands would have gone round at all without his unobtrusive and efficient assistance. Placed on the retired list in 1929, he is nevertheless still in harness as a supernumerary officer, holding all his former appointments; and that, I think, speaks for itself in these days of general retrenchment.

“Maison De Sante” Opened

At Papeete

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, October 4.

A welcome addition to the medical ■ i -*“ facilities afforded by the French Government in Papeete is the new private clinic recently opened under the name of the “Maison de Sante” by an association of distinguished French specialists.

This institution is situated on the Quai des Subsistances in a cool and attractive site facing the harbour.

The surgical department is under the care of Dr. S. Rabinovitch, Officer of the Legion d’Honneur, and Dr. A. Audemar, both of whom have had extensive hospital experience in France: Dr. Rabinovitch is in fact the owner of a similar, but much larger clinic which has long been established in Paris. There is also an up-to-date X-Ray department, the equipment for which arrived recently from America. Dr. J. Bachelier, who has also had the benefit of a large experience in Paris hospitals, is in charge of this section. Dr. A. Pugnaire, from the “Necker” hospital in Paris is a specialist in diseases of the nose, throat, and eyes.

The charges for patients in the “Maison de Sante” are very reasonable, and there is no doubt that as time goes on the facilities provided therein will be more and more appreciated by the local public.

Many cases needing the attention of a specialist, which in the past would have necessitated an expensive voyage to America or New Zealand, can now be treated successfully on the spot. The intending visitor to Tahiti will be pleased to learn that there is now available a highly skilled service in almost every department of surgery and medicine.

B.N.G. CO.’S PROFIT r rHE British New Guinea Development Co. Ltd. (a British Co. operating coconut and rubber plantations in Papua) made a profit of £12,515 in 1934-35, mostly from rubber. The Co.’s general position has been much improved; but it still is handicapped by the dead weight of £llO,OOO of debentures carrying 7 per cent, interest.

Mr. Dave Brown returned to the Cook Islands, from New Zealand, on October 6, to take over the management of Messrs.

W. H. Grove and Son’s branch at Rarotonga. The appointment is a popular one in many quarters as he made numerous friends in the group during his several years with the Cook Islands Native Association. The former manager of Messrs.

Grove and Son’s store, Mr. H. R. Harris, has returned to New Zealand with his family.

p. 45

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Developing French Tourist Traffic

Cephee Brings First Round Trippers to French Oceania From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Oct. 6.

AN interesting beginning has been made by the Messageries Maritimes Steamship Company towards the development of a larger tourist traffic between France and the French Colonial possessions m the Pacific. This is being carried out in conjunction with the regular mail and passenger service between Marseilles and New Caledonia.

The first batch of 40 round-trip excursionists arrived in Tahiti by the S.S. Cephee on September 25, and were accorded a particularly warm reception by the local public. In fact, there was quite a demonstration on the quai where the visitors, in the charming Tahitian custom, were decorated with garlands by the most ravishing beauties of Papeete.

During the three days of their stay in Tahiti the party were well catered for in the matter of entertainment, a native dance was arranged, also a Bal Puhlique, and an automobile trip round the island in the course of which a native feast was partaken of in the district of Pueu. The visitors were also very cordially received by His Excellency Governor Sautot, by the various schools, and by Monsieur M.

Ahnne, President of the Societe des Etudes Oceaniennes which maintains a museum containing a notable collection of Polynesian antiquities.

The gesture most appreciated by this first party of tourists from France, however, was the warm welcome extended to them at a reception given by the Princesses Tekau and Terii Pomare. During the course of an address at this event, Monsieur Salzani, Agent for the Messageries Maritimes Co., evoked in moving terms the memory of the late Queen Marau of Tahiti, whose death a few months ago was a matter for universal regret.

Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Duncan, of Bulolo, New Guinea, are at present spending three months’ holiday in Sydney.

Father A. Manion, of the Society of the Divine Word, arrived in Australia from the United States of America by the Maunganui on October 19. Accompanied by Brother Victor Salois, S.V.D., he left Sydney for New Guinea by the Macdhui on October 24 to join the staff of the Catholic Mission at Wewak, on the northern coast of the New Guinea mainland.

Some of Tahiti’s fair ladies who welcomed the Cephee tourists from France with lovely garlands of Tahitian flowers. From left to right: The Misses Brander (nieces of Queen Pomare), Mile. Spitz, Mile. Herault and Madame Guilbert. M. Salzani, Messageries Maritimes Co.’s agent, is at the extreme right, and Monsieur L’Herbier, President of the Papeete Tourist Bureau, is in the background. 43

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 46

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Mr. Peter Cowan, of Mauke Island, Souther* Cook Group, who arrived at Rarotonga recently by schooner to seek medical attention, shares octagenarian honours with Mr. Charlie Ward, writes our Cook Islands correspondent. After 30 years’ service with Messrs. A. B. Donald & Co. in their various Islands branches, he set up for himself as an independent trader, and to date has 51 years’ residence in the group to his credit. Mr. Cowan has a numerous family. His eldest son represents the district of Matavera on the Rarotonga Island Council, and visitors to Tahiti will, no doubt, remember Mr.

Tata Cowan, not only as the director and popular referee of the many sporting events staged in Papeete, but as one of the most hospitable and helpful of people to those new to the ways of that colony.

The Three Communities In Fiji

An Outstanding Political and Administrative Puzzle From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Oct. 20.

THE proposal to alter the constitution of the Fiji Legislative Council by the substitution of Nominated members for the present Elected members, if not exactly engaging undivided public attention amongst the Colonists themselves, at least continues to occupy a large proportion of the space in the “Fiji Times.”

Naturally, the champions of liberty are always the more vocal section of any British community, and it is’ therefore, only natural that, apart from the known editorial views, the columns of the Hon.

Alport Barker’s paper express only the viewpoint of that section which opposes any change in the present method of the election by the Europeans of representatives in the Legislative Council.

There, too, are detailed reports, written in excellent English, of meetings of the self-styled Indian Association of Fiji, at which similar protests are made against the loss of the right to elect Indian representatives.

The outside observer may well think that when Europeans and Indians alike voice a common protest, the community as a whole share the same views, and that there is unison, if not exactly harmony, in their voices. Thus, there is some real danger that the true worth of their views may be overestimated in Downing Street, half the world away from Suva; for freedom of choice of one’s representatives is a cry that appeals naturally enough to British democracy.

However, with traditional caution, the Colonial Office has deferred its decision on the proposal (which originated with the Indian Elected members) until such time as the wishes of the community as a whole can be more accurately measured.

Just how that measuring is to be done is a difficult problem.

THERE are the three well-known elements in the mixed population of Fiji—Fijians, Europeans, and Indians, each with differing interests and standards. In the Legislative Council there are at present six Europeans, three Indians, and three Fijians, selected from the respective communities.

In the ’eighties, or thereabouts, when Indian immigration to Fiji commenced, the Indians were promised a status in Fiji which would be no whit inferior to others of His Majesty’s subjects. If nothing else be done meanwhile, it is at least a foregone conclusion that within the near future the numbers of the representatives must be revised, so that each element has equal representation in the Council —in other words, the number of European members must be reduced to four.

There are none so blind as those who will not see, and, whatever views it may be expedient to express at this juncture, it seems inevitable and natural that the next demand from the Indian community will be to join with the other two communities in electing common representatives, instead of community representatives as at present.

The Fijian population is 90,000, its decline having been arrested and turned into a very slight annual increase. The European population is stationary at about 4,000 to 5,000. But the Indian population, which jumped from 60,000 to somewhere about 85,000 between 1921 and 1934, is -increasing by leaps and bounds.

Thus, it is easy to forecast the section of the community from which all the Elected members of Council would be drawn in not very many years to come.

Quite apart from the disadvantage of having no European representatives to express the views of the European community, there are practical difficulties in applying the principle of a democratic Common Roll to the Fijians, more especially the upsetting of their present structure of government by the Elders. 44 November 20, 1 935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 47

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THERE is, however, another factor in the problem —one which affects the Europeans only, and which is not generally apparent to them as yet.

In the early years of the present constitution of the Legislative Council, the European members (amongst them Mr.

M. Hedstrom and Mr. H. M. Scott) advocated the extension of the franchise to men of mixed blood, provided that their fathers were Europeans, and this was carried into effect. Mr. Eyre Hutson (then acting as Colonial Secretary) considered that at some future date the half-caste vote would create serious embarrassment in the elections, since the half-castes of European fathers were henceforward classed as European voters, and their sons would, in due course, be entitled to claim in their turn, the right to vote as Europeans. To-day, the number of half-caste voters is increasing rapidly, and, in certain of the European electorates, it is only a matter of time before they will be the dominant factor. In the Suva district, for example, there are estimated to be now about five half-castes entitled to the vote for seven whites.

It looks, therefore, as though the time is fast approaching when, in any case, the electoral power of the white European is doomed to be swamped, either from within his community or without. Most Europeans who have some degree of responsibility, and some stake in the Colony’s future, incline to the view that they would do well to insure themselves against the prospects of complete loss of representation by delegating to the Governor the duty of selecting a proper number of Fijian, European and Indian members to express the views of the three communities in the Legislative Council.

YVTHEN all is said and done, the direct ** responsibility of the Government of Fiji rests upon the Governor, appointed by the Colonial Office, and ruling by virtue of his majority of Civil Servants in the Council. The others are there merely to advise the Governor as to their own personal interpretation of the opinions held by the colonists. Even though those community representatives were selected by the Governor, and not elected by the people, it is derogatory to the communities themselves to suggest that members so selected would be afraid to oppose their views to those of the Governor. On the contrary, it is but reasonable to suppose that their views would show a breadth of vision and an impersonal detachment sadly lacking, at times, under present conditions.

It is clear that both Europeans and Indians in Fiji are divided on the question of Elected v. Selected Members, but for differing reasons, at heart. Mr. Malcolm McDonald, in London, will be faced with the problem of deciding what is in the best interests of Fiji and the Fijians, for whom he is the trustee. The only safe forecast is that his advisers, the officials of the Colonial Office, will take a long time to come to a final decision.

Strange ’Planes Seen

Again In New Guinea

From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, October 14. lITYSTERIOUS ’planes have been sighted again by natives in two more or less isolated parts of the Mandated Territory during the past few months.

One, seen a few months ago, was flyifig in the vicinity of the Witu group and another last week was reported by the natives to be flying off the East New Ireland coast in the Namatanai area. The latter machine is reported to have been painted black.

No explanation of their presence has been made known.

Mr. F. P. Archer, of Jame plantation, Buka Passage, New Guinea, returned to the Mandated Territory in October. 45

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 48

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New Bridge For Tahiti

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, October 8.

A sum of 200,000 francs has been allocated from the 1936 budget for the erection of a new bridge over the Vaitipiha River at Tautira, Tahiti, according to a statement recently made by His Excellency Governor Sautot.

Some years ago the iron and concrete structure spanning this river, which at times becomes a formidable torrent over 100 yards in width, was entirely washed away by a great flood. This was replaced by a low-level concrete bridge, but it has not been a success.

Tautira is perhaps the most beautiful district in Tahiti, and a favourite weekend resort for Papeete townspeople. The commencement of the new bridge is therefore awaited with interest.

Tavua “The Find of This century"

Pat Costello on Discoveries and Rewards Letter t 0 the Editor T REFER to your article in September I. , ,r, , , . , * lssue and that P art which reads: “There seems to be no doubt that a rich, new gold-mining industry has been established in Fiji, on the northern side of Viti Levu Its birth however was i ,'T mun, nowever, was attended by so much mad speculation— particularlv in Melbourne—that the ac- Pduicuidiiy ill ivieiuoui ae—tnat vne ac tual value of development has been under suspicion: many people thought that it was impossible that anything worth while could exist when so many rogues and near-rogues were active.”

To this, I take strong exception.

Bill Borthwick and I are responsible for the birth of the Tavua Goldfields, and Messrs. E. G. Theodore, John Wren, Pat Cody and Frank Packer are responsible for the development of the field Bill and I have our limitations, and our resnons i b imies ceased after months of responsipinties ceasea alter montns or prospecting, when we indicated that gold occurs in the locality, with a good chance G f living down. Dr. Loftus Hill then came and reported favourably on the field After that, the Development Syndicate came along and tested the area, and did so with their own money; and, up to the time of the Emperor float, an amount in the region of £lOO,OOO had been expended b y the Syndicate. I should be very J pleased to have the addresses of any other four people who are prepared to risk £lOO,OOO in a gold venture.

It is possible that the people who spent this amount of money may obtain a million pounds in return, or, roughly, 10 to 1 on their outlay. As the ratio of good gold mines are about two in a hundred, I contend that the Syndicate are entitled to what is coming to them; and Bill and I are satisfied with the crumbs that fall from the table.

It must also be remembered that some of Australia’s leading experts condemned the area. But Dr. Loftus Hill’s summingup of the field, when only a few trenches had been opened up, is something of which he should be justly proud.

I maintain that, at Tavua, there is what may be termed the “Magic Circle,” which embraces the Emperor, Loloma, Koroere, Cardigan, the 30-acre block and Dolphin areas; these properties have excellent chances of success, and, outside those areas, time, hard work and development alone will tell.

Many people who felt sorry for Bill and myself in the prospecting stages of Tavua have now turned their sorrow into affection, and are asking whether it is not possible to obtain a holding on what they term the ‘“ground floor.” In other words, they “want something for nothing.”

I still maintain that Tavua is the find of this century.

I am, etc., PAT COSTELLO.

Suva., October 12, 1935.

Mr. William G. Wiedermann, of the Melanesian Mission, arrived in Sydney from Rabaul by the Malaita on September 26. Since 1933 he has been stationed at Arawe, New Britain. 46 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 49

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At Fiji: Trading as ‘‘Dominion Fruit C 0.,” Suva Currency Confusion in Fiji T>USINESS people and housewives in Fiji have been sorely tried for some time by the vagaries of the Government regarding the coinage (says Sydney Morning Herald of October 22).

First, the banks’ notes were withdrawn and the Government supplied all notes needed for general use, including notes pf 5/-, 10/-, £l, £5, £lO, and £2O. The Government next issued a coinage consisting chiefly of specially made nickel pennies and halfpennies, each having a hole, and low-grade silver sixpennies, shillings, and florins. Then came an edict that Australian and New Zealand silver would not be allowed as legal tender.

This caused consternation and annoyance, as the Government and the banks had introduced these coins. Thousands of pounds worth of these coins were hoarded by Indians, in preference to banking their savings. Residents were immediately charged 2d in the shilling discount for all Australian and New Zealand silver coins. In spite of protests, this became a general practice.

On September 30 it was announced that British silver coinage would not be eccepted as legal tender. People were astounded. No British coins are now accepted in any Government office. It was the Government that introduced the British coinage. To-day thousands of pounds of British coins are stored away by Indians and others, for in the natives’ opinion the safest thing in money was a British coin. People watch carefully to see that British coins are not given to them instead of the new Fiji coins. The banks accept British coins at face value.

But the wily Chinese vegetable man is taking no risks, so daily excited arguments are heard at back doors when housewives offer British coins and the Chinese murmurs, “No can do.”

Skirting Pt. Moresby’S

SHORES Road Constructed to Napa Napa From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, October 13.

THE well-known ship and boat-builder A of Port Moresby, Mr. George Stewart, whose slip lies across the harbour at Napa Napa, immediately opposite the township, recently constructed a portion of road in the inner harbour to link up his premises with the old established road from Port Moresby to Fairfax. This road was used freely in the old days before the sisal hemp plantation to the north of Fairfax Harbour was abandoned. Since then the road has fallen into disuse.

The construction of this portion of road entailed a considerable amount of work and the building of small bridges to span the creek beds and low lying ground which lies to the head of the harbour.

As a result of Mr. Stewart’s enterprise, residents are now able to cover the 16 miles distance in cars in good time and in comfort.

The road is extremely picturesque, leading along the harbour’s edge, through a dense growth of foliage, past coconut groves and villages of the Baroni people, making only a tew detours into the grass and gum which are the principal features of the inland country.

San Marino Minister At Rarotonga From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, October 7. ¥OW that all eyes are turned towards ltaly, an interesting - visitor to the Cook Islands is Mr. Melville A. Jamieson, who, with his wife, has been staying at the Hotel Rarotonga.

Mr. Jamieson is Consul-General in London for the Republic of San Marino, and was specially nominated as Minister for the Republic during the recent Jubilee Celebrations.

San Marino, founded in the 4th century A.D., is the only surviving, one of many medieval Italian states. The Republic issues its own coinage and stamps, and inside the walled city on Monte Titano many of the principal buildings date back over a thousand years. /In matters of major importance San Marino usually follows Italy’s political lead, and during the Great War joined the Allied cause a fortnight after her powerful neighbour.

Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Dunn left Sydney by the Malaita on October 5. He is storekeeper for Messrs. Lever’s Pacific Plantations Pty. Ltd., at Gavutu, S.I. 47

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 50

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Cook Is. Director of Agriculture From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, October 7.

PLANTERS and others concerned with A the Cook Islands’ fruit-trade should be satisfied with the recent appointment of Mr. W. T. Goodwin to the post of Director of Agriculture. Mr. Goodwin, who has been seconded from the N.Z.

Department of Agriculture for a threeyear term, was formerly Assistant Director of Horticulture.

With experience gathered in and around Hobart and the famous fruit-growing Huon Valley, it is confidently expected that the new Director’s broom will sweep off some of the cobwebs which have overgrown the Rarotongan fruit industry. It is the usual irony of fate that his arrival should coincide with an unprecedented low level in local produce prices and a corresponding apathy among growers.

Thoroughly conversant with every branch of his profession, Mr. Goodwin visited South America, Canada and Great Britain in 1928, making a close study of marketing conditions on behalf of the N.Z. Fruit Board. There was a grim smile at the corners of his mouth when questioned about the future prospects of C.I. fruit. “The day of the old ‘bush’ orange is definitely over,” he said, “I can’t tell exactly what will replace it, but I do know that.”

Mr. William Brian Molloy, barrister-atlaw, of Sydney, N.S.W., has been admitted to practise as a barrister and solicitor in the Central Court of Papua. It is Mr.

Molloy’s intention to practise as a barrister and solicitor in Port Moresby.

Tales Of Torres

STRAIT Taken from official letters dated Ist January and 11th April, 1872, written at Somerset, Queensland, by Mr. F. L. Jardine, police magistrate: POR some time past, there has been a story in circulation here that, on the coast of New Guinea, close to Bristow Island, there are two pairs of twins, one pair male, the other female, joined together “back to back,” so that when walking one carries the other. I think the story most improbable and as yet have never met any person who has actually seen them, but everybody knows “someone who has.” Lately I have had several inquiries concerning them from would-be “Barnums,” who seriously assert that “they would pay much better than pearl shell!” I believe £2OO per pair is the latest price offered for them. the information of Mr. Tucker, Master of the schooner, “Margaret Jane,” I issued a warrant for the apprehension of nine Rotuma men, who had stolen a boat and deserted from his vessel while anchored at Campbell Island.

John Larkins, the person now in charge of the station, denied all knowledge of their whereabouts, but the men were afterwards apprehended with his party at Murray Island, to which place the station was then in course of removal. The boat was discovered, concealed in the scrub on Yorke Island, but her oars were found on the station in possession of Delargy’s people.

The deserters were brought to Somerset. Some of them speak good English and are Christians.

They give as their reason for absconding the brutality of the Mate (hereafter referred to as X) who, it appears, was in the habit of compelling them to dive for shell by firing at them with a revolver.

They also state that he sank a canoe full of Marbiack (Mabuiag) natives, who were making their escape from the schooner, where they had been employed as divers, and fired indiscriminately among them, killing two. Mr. Chester verified their statement, as in a recent visit to Marbiack, the natives complained of the loss of two men, Nukis and Edowah, who they affirm were shot by the mate of the “Margaret Jane.”

Mr. Chester also tells me that the confident and fearless demeanour which formerly characterised the Marbiack people has given place to a cowed and sullen manner; and now, instead of gathering on the beach to welcome a boat’s arrival, they make off with all their propery into the scrub as soon as one heaves in sight.

This man X .. ~ on hearing that it was Captain Tucker’s intention to call at Cape York, left the vessel and took a passage to Sydney by the “James Merriman.”

G.H.V. 48 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 51

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Richest Mine In

PAPUA Romance of the Unwanted Umuna Property From Our Own Correspondent PORT MORESBY, October 28.

WITH the sale of the rich Umuna mine at Misima Island to a company recently formed in Australia called Cuthbert s Misima Goldmines Ltd., it is interesting to recall the romantic history of this once unwanted property. Fred Cuthbert and G. O. Wilkinson, who made £lOO,OOO (in cash and shares) out of the deal with the new company, purchased the Umuna lease for £2,000; within six years they had recovered over £145,000 worth of gold from it.

Gold was first discovered on Misima Island in 1888 when early prospectors from Cooktown, Queensland, crossed over in schooners on the report of gold in the Louisiade, Archipelago, and worked the island after first prospecting Sud Est and Rossel to the south, without any appreciable results.

By 1889, 500 miners were attracted to the field, and worked the different creeks and gullies, finding rough gold, sometimes in nuggets weighing several ounces. Up to 1891 traces of gold could, in fact, be found in most places to the west of the island, but no gold bearing reefs had been reported, upon which it appeared, the future of the field depended.

It was not astonishing that alluvial gold became scarce by 1893, and the prospectors becoming discontented crossed over to the mainland to Bartle Bay and further north to the Mambare River. By 1894 only 19 miners remained; a few of the oldest, living principally upon native foods, the gold they secured being insufficient to buy stores.

From 1895 to 1903 interest was entirely ■diverted from Misima, by the rich gold discoveries on the Yodda and at Woodlark Island, and only eight miners persisted in their efforts on the abandoned field. But in 1904 “Bob” Boyd was rewarded, when lie discovered a gold bearing reef on his Umuna claim, with the result that in the following year seven gold mining leases were taken up and recommended for survey. There seemed a prospect of a large mining concern becoming interested and undertaking extensive operations on the island, but nothing came out of the negotiations and the interest in Misima once more declined.

Hope was not abandoned, however, and several attempts were made to awaken the mining world to the contemplation of hidden wealth on Misima. One reads of a gold mining syndicate in 1911 erecting a mill to deal with any soft lode, but it was not until the end of 1914 that the possibilities of the island’s resources were fully recognised. The Broken Hill Proprietary Block 10 Company started negotiations, and eventually took over all the interests of the various companies and syndicates, including 13 gold mining leases. Umuna was thus absorbed in the new enterprise.

The company, now known as Block 10 Misima Gold Mines N.L., became activelj' engaged in development work, and by 1917 had erected plants and commenced treatment of both sand and slime with good recoveries. Over 50 Europeans were employed under the charge of Mr. O. B. Ward, and there was a large number of native labourers. As progress continued there seemed every prospect of a rich mining community becoming an established fact in the Territory.

After several years of continued effort in which there seemed to be every possibility of success, it came as a shock to residents in the Bast to learn that the mortgagees had closed down on Block 10 for huge sums of money and that the company was to cease operations in September, 1922.

Again Misima retired into the obscurity from which it seemed impossible to emerge, except for only short periods, A local syndicate, Misima Gold Mining Co., took over several of the abandoned leases shortly afterwards for a small sum of money. These leases included Umuna, and for four and a half years the company carried on their enterprise, but with only comparative success. In October, 1927, they also ceased operations.

It was their intention to refloat, secure new capital, and reorganise, but capitalists proved coy, and the glittering rewards that were offered from Misima left them entirely unmoved. But, becoming impatient, the spirits of Umuna shrieked for recognition, and eventually, in 1928, it was sold with other leases to Mr. Fred Cuthbert, a wsllknown Queensland miner, and Mr. G. O.

Wilkinson for £2OOO, and they took possession immediately. 49

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1933

p. 52

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Cable Address: “Rope," Sydney In 1928 Messrs. Cuthbert and Wilkinson erected plant to the value of £7OOO and constructed a road from the mine to the anchorage at Bwagaoia. Treatment was commenced in 1929 and the gold yield for the year ending June, 1930, was £6,584, and the prospects of New Misima Gold Mines Ltd. already showed promise.

In 1931 the gold recovery increased to £14,398, and in 1932 £25,293, an increase of over £lO,OOO on the previous year. So marked were the results of the company that in the government’s annual report for the Territory it was stated that “The brightest spot in the gold mining firmament was at Misima Island within the Louisiade goldfield. There operations were most successful, enabling the payment of a monthly dividend throughout the year.”

Still further increases followed in 1933 and 1934, when from £28,992 the gold recovery rose to £31,820, and in the last financial year (1935) the returns showed £37,946. The company declared an increased monthly dividend of 2/- in the pound (equal to 120 per cent. p.a.).

So with justice, untempered by envy, the famous Umuna mine might easily be called the richest gold mine in Papua.

Is Kwato a Mission or a Business?

Mr. Norman Izod Returns To the Argument Letter to the Editor T OOKING through Mr. Cecil Abel’s; reply in the July issue of the P.I.M. to criticism of the Kwato Mission, I cannot let it go without a few comments.

He states that “the strong feeling in Eastern Papua regarding Kwato’s trading activities applies to only a very small minority who are directly affected.” This is not so. Ask the unaffected people, and a safe bet would be 10 to 1 against Kwato.

With regard to the Chamber of Commerce deputation to the Governor, Mr.

Abel implies that no such deputation approached the Governor. I was one of those appointed to meet His Excellency at the monthly meeting of the Chamber, from which I was unfortunately absent.

I had nothing prepared at so short notice and, in any case, was up against the difficulty I have mentioned before, i.e., lack of proof.

We consider Kwato competition unfair, and that the business, due to its association with the Mission, gets all sorts of direct and indirect advantages over its rivals. We are absolutely convinced that this is so, and see it working out day by day, but an outsider cannot prove this and cannot obtain the necessary information to do so. Therefore, although these injustices continue, there is no means of getting them altered and no convincing* case can be brought before His Excellency. Mr. Abel naively says that “if facts are hard to obtain it is because Kwato has never been asked to supply them.”

Mr. Abel assures us that every penny and more of the Government subsidy is devoted to technical training, and that every gift in money or kind is devoted entirely to the object for which it is given.

This is as it should be, but it puts a very definite line of demarcation between Kwato’s Mission and Kwato Extension Association’s business. Myself, 1 fail to see how this line can be so sharply drawn, even with the best intentions.

To the looker-on, Kwato is much more of a mission-assisted business, than a business-assisted mission. Presumably the profits of the business should go to the Mission’s support and expansion. The surmise is that they go to the support and expansion of the business, and the business further receives indirect help from its mission association.

For instance, to which do the launches belong, mission or business? They have three launches engaged in competitive business for the major portion of their time. They were built at Kwato by the Technical Department, the labour used, native tradesmen and scholars under a white instructor, presumably paid out of the Government subsidy. Were the materials, engines, etc., paid for by the business or the Mission? If they are the property of the Mission, does the businesspay for the use of them?

When the tourist ship Narkunda was here, Kwato had their latest boat in course of construction, and when the tourists visited the station, there was a notice on it to the effect that it was being built for mission work, but that lack of funds was delaying its completion. I don’t know if this had the desired effect in contributions, but I do know 50 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 53

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that ever since then the boat has been used as a money-earner. It enabled Kwato to cut the Milne Bay freight rates to a point that precluded competition, and collect, roughly, £5OO per year with only a native crew to pay over and above the fuel bill! They have now laid down a 60ft. boat. Its cost to Kwato (mission or business) will be equally low, built under the above conditions, and I fully expect to see this running as a money-earning craft in the near future. Rough on other boat owners!

If, on the other hand, it is sold, it will bring in an enormous profit. Rough on competing boat builders!

Another instance. For a recent fairly big job, Kwato’s quote was less than half that of a white shipwright, so they, of course, got the job. The work again was carried out by the Government subsidised Technical Department. Cost to Kwato insignificant. It is doubtful whether more than three or four of the tradesmen employed on the job were receiving as much as £2 per month. It is obviously a mere waste of time quoting against the prices that the mission-business tie-up make possible, and the annoying part of it is that it cannot be checked.

Their position is watertight, for Mr.

Abel says they are a philanthropic, nondividend paying concern, and that all profits therefrom go to the benefit of the mission, etc., etc. It is a Mission which is enabled to carry on by the activities of its business and profits therefrom. Outsiders think (but cannot prove) that it is a good business made good only by the pull and advantages that the Mission gives it, with profits going apparently to the expansion of the business.

In your leader of the P.1.M., August number, on “Missionaries, etc.,” you say: “It all depends on the point of view”; but the key of the trouble is not in what non-mission folk think of missionaries, or vice-versa. The nucleus of the whole trouble is the spoon-fed conditions by which they encroach on business.

They insult us by talking of “healthy competition.” Competition is, of course, the life of business, but nothing will convince me that the variety served up by Kwato is healthy. On the other hand, I consider it a malignant growth which is spreading unchecked. There is definitely no room for this kind of thing in such a small community as this. Every job they unfairly take from the tradesman, and every sale they make of goods or services, means a cut price or an excessive profit.

Far from “the firms and individuals benefiting by the service that is being rendered to progressive business enterprise,” they find themselves in the position of the British manufacturer competing with the Japanese.

Australia raises a tariff wall against Japan’s products. Papua grants Kwato a subsidy!

I am, etc., NORMAN H. IZOD.

Samarai, Papua, 21/9/’35.

NEW S.I. GOLD CO.

HAVING a nominal capital of £5OOO in 100,000 shares of 1/- each, Solomon Islands Gold Development Limited was registered at Canberra, N.S.W., early in October. The published objects of the new company are “to adopt a certain agreement and to carry on the business of general mining.” First directors are: Vincent A.

Brownhill, Frederick C. Emanuel, Leslie J.

Davis, William N. Harding, Ernest A.

Laurence, Charles H. Smith, and William Wood.

Pike Bros.’ Annual Meeting

AT the 30th Annual Meeting- of shareholders of Pike Brothers Limited the well-knowm Queensland firm of tailors and outfitters, Mr.

Wyndham Pike (governing director) declared a dividend of 2 1 / 2 per cent, for the half year, making a total of 7 per cent, for the year. Referring to the growth of the tailoring section, Mr. Pike said that the remodelling of this department would have a very considerate influence on increased business during the next 12 months. The opening of a newly-erected “Daylight” selection lounge allowed customers to make their choice of materialsin brilliant daylight. The company had by far the largest and most varied stock of suitings in the Commonwealth, he remarked. In every department, satisfactory progress had been made, and in both of the new departments (Masonic Regalia and “Breville” radio) very satisfactory progress had been made, and the future for both of those sections looked bright. Particular attention during the year had been given to the matter of catering for schools, sporting bodies, clubs and institutions with regard to uniforms, blazers, wool ties, pockets, caps, etc., and the firm were fortunately in the position now of being privileged to supply most of the important institutions, schools and’ clubs in Queensland, Papua, and New Guinea.*** Hon. A, P. Lyons, Director of Public- Works and Director of Mines in Papua, has relinquished at his own request theofflee of Director of Agriculture. Mr. E.

B. Bignold, Crown Law Officer, who already holds the position of Deputy Commissioner for Lands, has been appointed the new Agricultural Director of Papua. 51 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 54

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Sex and Temperament A Study in the Wilds of New Guinea T\R. MARGARET MEAD, of the American Museum of Natural History, is well-known to students of Pacific affairs as the author of the provocative books “Coming of Age in Samoa” and “Growing Up in New Guinea.” The assistant curator of ethnology at that famous American institution has now published “Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies,” the material obtained by Dr. Reo Fortune and herself during their two years’ stay in New Guinea in 1931-33.

In a generous acknowledegment to her husband, Dr. Fortune, the writer says; “For assistance in the field my major thanks are due to Dr. Fortune for the partnership that made it possible for me to work with peoples more savage and more inaccessibly located than I would have been able to reach alone; for cooperation in the collection of the linguistic and ethnological material upon which these studies are based: and for much concrete material concerning the men’s cults and all those aspects of the men’s lives which a woman ethnologist is practically debarred from studying.” In particular, the author is also indebted for her husband’s analysis “of the very difficult Arapesh language.”

Despite the handicaps of her sex —a difficulty that was largely overcome by her association with Dr. Fortune, who, incidentally, has since returned to the New Guinea field —Dr. Mead has compiled an extremely interesting and valuable book. The American is a racy narrator and would, indeed, have made an excellent journalist. Without in any way detracting from the value of her work one is tempted to say that Dr. Mead has kept in view when writing this book the public demand she has already created for her writings. “Sex and Temperament” is not one of those abstruse scientific compendiums beyond the grasp of the average reader. Dr. Mead never forgets that she is dealing with human material. After all, the work of an anthropologist should interest the general public just as much as the investigator’s own learned colleagues. first section of the book is devoted to the mountain- dwelling Arapesh; influences of a co-operative society; growth an,d initiation of an Arapesh boy and the growth and betrothal of an Arapesh girl; birth, marriage, and the Arapesh ideal (and those who deviate from the latter).

The river-dwelling Mundugumor are dealt with in the second section. The pattern of social life among the lake-dwelling Tchambuli provides material for the third section. In the last portion of her book Dr. Mead sums up the results of her investigation.

Life is often complex in a native community. An involved and elaborate “social pattern” has it disadvantages, particularly for the women. The case of Kwenda, a woman of the Mundugumor, is not only interesting for the light Dr.

Mead has thrown upon the marital difficulties of the strange New Guinea folk she has studied, but it is a good example of the graphic, stimulating, and breezy style of the writer; “Kwenda was plump and soft, where the ideal Mundugumor woman is tall, lithe, and slender. Kwenda loved children.

She had refused to throw away her first child, a boy, in spite of her husband’s request that she do so. While she was 52 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 55

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suckling the child he had eloped with another women. Instead of stiffening her back in anger, she had followed him and his new wife. Outraged, he had thrown her out ... She returned to Kenakatem, and went to live with Yeshimba, her father’s brother. Then Gisambut, the reserved sister of Omblean, bore twin girls, and Kwenda, with no one to help her earn a living, adopted one and soon was able to feed it from her own ample breasts. (Her own twins had died shortly before) ~ Not only did she suckle the little twin, but often she took on other women’s infants for the day ... Kwenda, young, warm, and vigorous, would remain a grass widow: no strong man would take her for a wife, no weak one would try because Mbunda, not wanting her for himself, would nevertheless demand a high price for her. So in Mundugumor the easy-going, responsive, warmly parental woman, like the easy-going, responsive, warmly parental man, is at a social discount. ..”

Dr. Mead came to the conclusion that Mundugumor people yielded results similar to those obtained among the Arapesh—both men and women were moulded to the same temperamental pattern, although the pattern itself, in “its violence, its individualism, its lust for power and position, contrasted sharply with the Arapesh ideal personality, with its gentle, cherishing emphasis.” So she cast about for a third people to study, and decided upon the Tchambuli tribe on the Aibom Lake, a people with an intricate art, an elaborate culture, and many points in common with the complex culture of the middle Sepik. The Washkuks, whom she visited en route, are described as a simple, sturdy, lovable people whose young men had not yet returned to flaunt their Pidgin-English and loin-cloths in the old men’s faces, and introduce a new element into the native life.

“Because they seemed very much like the Arapesh, because they themselves felt that their lives would be hopelessly upset by our stay,” says the author, .. we decided to try the Tchambuli instead.”

While the Arapesh made growing food and children the adventure of their lives and the Mundugumor found their satisfaction in fighting and competitive acquisition of women, the lake-dwelling Tchambuli live principally for art.”

Now that the spotlight of world interest has been focussed upon New Guinea, Dr.

Mead’s fascinating book has come at an opportune time. Apart from the diversitied character of its material, “Sex and Temperament” can be recommended as a. most unusual study of sociology and sex in primitive society by a discerning, courageous, and gifted writer. —E.R.

SEX AND TEMPERAMENT, by Margaret Mead, published by William Morrow and Go., New York, 1935.

A Street In Noumea. New Caledonia

A view of Noumea, New Caledonia. In the distance is the famous Cathedral de Notre Dame, one of the chief attractions for tourists visiting the French Colony. 53 November 20, 1 935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 56

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Mr. M. Wenzel, a German artist, arrived in Melbourne from Europe on October 24 by the Blue Funnel line steamer Ascanius. On a world tour, he will visit the South Sea Islands to paint landscapes.

Mr. G. W. Spensley, of Rabaul, New Guinea, married Miss Thyrza Ross-Cox, of Victoria, at St. George’s Church, Rabaul, on October 14. The ceremony was a quiet affair, but afterwards the many friends of the bride and bridegroom filled the spacious lawn at the residence of the Hon. H. H. Page (Government Secretary), where the reception was held. Mr. Spensley is manager for Messrs. Colyer, Watson, and Co., in New Guinea, and hails from Auckland, New Zealand, while the bride is a Melbourne girl, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ross-Cox, of St. Kilda.

Solomon Is. News From Our Own Correspondent TULAGI, Oct. 15.

THE Malaita this trip included among her ports Tetere on Guadalcanal, where mineral investigations have apparently been promising enough to warrant the landing of some heavy gear that could not conveniently be handled except by a large vessel. A certain amount of road-making has been done, and residents hope that the road is really the path to prosperity. Other ventures of the same kind show signs of progress.

Japanese shelling luggers, or the same lugger in various places, have been sighted recently. In the Marovo Lagoon, a resident actually boarded the Haito Maru, and spoke for some time with the captain and engineer. He has sent a full description of the visitors to Tulagi.

The inter-island vessel Mitiaro, which had been laid up since the early days of the depression, except for a harbour tour taken in a fit of restlessness a few months ago, has been shorn of her fittings and has followed her predecessor the Malanta to a watery grave. For some time she had been the home of Mr. Jock Cromar, who has been compelled to look for other quarters.

Until information was received recently that the Malaita had left Sydney, a few settlers were distinctly worried about things. Rice was unobtainable at the principal merchants, although the arrival of the Bolton from Rabaul relieved the situation. Beer also was getting a bit short, though still procurable. It would have been disastrous had there been no beer when the warship Sussex arrived!

Chinese stores, and especially restaurants, are using tobacco currency these days. Natives purchase meals and in some cases goods, from the Chinese stores, for tobacco, in the same way as they do among themselves. It is a sign of the narrow margin of profit that contents the Asiatic, when he uses coin that so depreciates in value, as must a stick of tobacco when much handled. It is said that New Guinea stores use this form of currency to a great extent in their dealings with natives.

Responsible Solomon Islands folk have often said that there are no poisonous snakes in the group. But at present in one small district there is almost a plague of those reptiles. Quite recently there were three deaths from snake bites.

Mr. F. L. Pinching, who, in spite of ill-health, has carried on his medical work for Messrs. Levers’ Pacific Plantations, Ltd., long after he might reasonably have considered his share of good work in the Solomons had earned him the right to a rest, leaves by this steamer for Sydney.

Dr. Gunther has replaced Mr. Pinching.

Levers’ medical craft, the Miro, which looked like being a total wreck on the Guadalcanal coast, was salvaged by the Valerie, Messrs. C. Bignell and J. Adam deserving great credit for getting the vessel safely off, and into the slip at Tulagi. Fortunately the weather was good after the vessel grounded.

Health In Tropics

SIR LEONARD ROGERS, in charge of the Tropical Diseases Hospital, London, discusses in the current issue of the “Practitioner” rules for remaining healthy in the tropics. .

“Exercises must be taken daily, he says, “but not to the point of exhaustion.

Daily bathing is also essential, and an adequate amount of sleep is more necessary than anywhere else. Intellectual pursuits should not be neglected, and alcohol should be taken in comparatively small amounts, I would not suggest more than a pint and a half of light lager a day.”

He adds that tea and coffee are excellent mild stimulants and restoratives in the tropics. ■ Miss Marion Hardacre, who was a member of the Melanesian Mission staff from 1904 until she retired in 1929, died early in September at Brisbane, Queensland. 54 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 57

The Australia The Pacific Islands Monthly, Nov. 20. 1935.

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On Sepik Tour

General McNicoll Near Dutch Border From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, Nov. 2.

THE Administrator (General W. Ramsay McNicoll) left Rabaul by the last Macdhui and travelled by that vessel as far as Wewak, on the northern coast of the mainland, where he transferred to one of the small Government schooners.

After making an inspection of the new station at Wewak, he proceeded up the Sepik River, accompanied by A.D.O.

McCarthy and an amateur wireless expert, Mr. Weldon.

This is His Honour’s second trip up the Sspik River, and there is speculation in some quarters as to the necessity which requires the Chief Executive of the Territory to make such long tours in this outof-the-way district. Some of the moreoptimistic miners hope that after the Administrator has made the trip and found the natives to be tractable in areas which are at present proclaimed as being “uncontrolled,” an order may be issued rescinding the original proclamations, thus enabling experienced miners to enter districts, which were previously explored by them many years ago.

The journey up the Sepik to October River (450 miles from the sea and about 15 miles from the Dutch border) was made by the Hermes. There General McNicoll left the schooner and continued his voyage on the launch Osprey. Near the Dutch border the river grew narrower and shoaled rapidly. A strong current and temporary engine trouble resulted in the launch colliding with a submerged snag and almost capsizing. The A.D.O. and one native fell overboard, but managed to swim to a snag and were assisted back to the launch by river natives.

Through the efforts of the native sergeant, Nadu, most of the cargo, which also fell off the launch, was recovered next day. The anchor and cable were lost and the launch was leaking slightly, but a more serious situation was averted by clever handling of the craft by the engineer, Andrews. The party later returned to the October River.

One of the features of this tour has been the contact maintained by His Honour with the civilised world through the medium of wireless. From time to time he has despatched to Rabaul details of his observations, for promulgation further afield.

It is something of a coincidence that thepresent tour of the Administrator is just 50 years after the Sepik was discovered by Dr. Finsch in 1885, and 25 years after the explorations of Dr. Schultze, who was the leader of the Dutch-German boundary expedition in 1910. Little did those pioneers think that science would make such progress as to enable the inhabitants of the Sepik to “listen-in” to a musical programme, broadcast from America, or hear the latest war news from a coloured nation in Africa fighting against a European Power. Such, however, was the case during General McNicoll’s tour in the few weeks he has been in this area.

Unrest On Malaita

From Our. Own Correspondent TULAGI, Oct. 15.

RECRUITERS and others from Malaita report rumours of unrest among th© natives of parts of Malaita. In some SSI the attitude of the natives appears to have been distinctly threatening, and. if reports be true, defiant of authority.

This is the largest district in the group, and, as the greatest source of labour, in a sense the most important.

All who have worked Malaita are aware that weakness is the J? o®* 0 ®* eerous policy with those (or any) natives, Ind anyone taking charge of this district needs to exercise the greatest firmness.

While only recruiters and others regularly on Malaita can have a good idea of the state of affairs there, local residents are sufficiently familiar with the Malaitamen to realise that the sßuation is one that requires careful handling, and the sooner any nonsense is checked, the better for the whole group. 56 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 59

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57 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 60

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A change of accessories, and hi, presto! you and your frock take on different characters as if by magic.

Hats, gloves, bags, scarves, etc., should be chosen with infinite thought and due regard to one’s entire wardrobe. And then follows careful attention to those gifts of the gods—shoes to be treed, gloves carefully tended, hats brushed, bags tissuestuffed to retain their shape, and so on.

All this attention shares equal importance with discriminate choice, since accessory pack-drill prolongs its life and gives to lovely women a well groomed soignee appearance.

Delightful bags of linen come to us in a variety of shapes and colours, and are the ideal accompaniment to a linen frock or suit. Glass rings singly or in pairs are their only trimming note.

Pig-skin gloves, belts and bags arecharming, and there is an imitation peccary equally effective at only half the price. Knitted belts of wool or string, with patent leather bits and buckles have the quaintest of patent leather posies toadd a matching note.

Straw pochettes and belts and gaily striped canvas ones with matching sandals are ideal beach accessories. Scarves are all the colours of the rainbow, blended with indescribable artistry, gay and romantic as a gipsy’s song.

Collars take many shapes—turreted like old battlement towers; peaked and round; sailor shapes, cool and breezy, with all the tang of the sea in their jaunty freshness; the Eton collar, stiffly starched, in bright colours on a light or dark frock, its loose bow falling in soft contradiction from beneath its primness; and so on.

A bib and tucker, pintucked down the centre front, which is about six inches wide with tiny box pleats on either side, pops over the head and ties at the waist, gallantly lifting a last year’s frock out of the gloom.

Down in the pages of history goes 1935as a “blouse and skirt” year. Such delightful blouses and well tailored skirts — and of what economy! Blouses gay and vivid, sports shirts, formal blouses or frivolous little things that defy their practical tailored skirts with wicked glee; and for evening, too, in the brightest possible colours. Several of them to suit one’s every whim, all to one well cut skirt, and offering full scope for ingenuity.

There is a crisp quality about summer materials that makes them refreshing tolook upon. Imitation linens, with all the virtues of linen, at half its cost, are much in favour with those facing the problem of getting much out of little. It comes in slub, floral, check, and spotted effects, and all are charming. Colour combinations holding as they do, an exalted place in the scheme of things are used for every possible occasion. . . .

A rough linen suit, with plaid jacket in lovely soft shades of oatmeal, pink and brown, sports a pink blouse and the palest pink panama hat, dipped down over the nose in a provoking manner. Brown accessories complete a most attractive ensemble.

A pin-striped silk frock, shirt-maker style, in brown and white, with an accompanying coat, adds an unusually dashing note with its royal blue patent belt and posy, A blue handkerchief floats gaily from the pocket and either blue or brown and white shoes may be worn.

A charming three-piece of floral crepe de chene has Mikado sleeves on its threequarter length jacket. It trims them with bands of white silk pique and quaint little motifs of the same material adorn the dress, , , , White linen suits have backless and sleeveless dresses. A long sailor collar which buttons to the low back is a delightful innovation, and makes it possible to dispense with the coat for less formal occasions. . . ...

Trim little capes swing jauntily rrom shoulders, turning the sunbathing frock into more formal wear.

A navy and white spotted afternoon gown trims its “high to the throat” line, with two little envelope peaks front and back, and treats its pockets in the same amusing way. Navy shoes and bag, white 58 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 61

66 Your Hair Has Improved Wonderfully Lately ”

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CORNER OF MARKET AND ELIZABETH STREETS, SYDNEY Facing Beautiful Hyde Park, the “St. James” occupies one of Sydney’s finest hotel sites, having a Delightful Outlook, and yet is within 2 minutes of principal Stores, Theatres, Banks, etc.

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CaVles and Telegrams : " Hotelfames,” Sydney doe-skin gloves and a pancake chapeau with navy crown and white brim complete a picture of charm and chic.

Pastel shades are well in fashion’s colour scheme—heavenly blues, misty pinks like the first pale flush of dawn, dawn, and lovely amethysts. An evening gown of pink surprisingly tucks in its low decolletage clusters of cornflowers and flaunts a cape of blue feathers or tulle in the same shade.

The picture frock, one of the shining successes of the season, shares its popularity with the classical and mermaid silhouettes. Wisps of tulle float vaporously into the most celestial sort of wraps and give to clothes the poetry of motion.

While brilliant reds, golds, and greens flaunt themselves boldly for evening, white satin remains the most completely satisfying for classical draperies.

Lovely lames, soft and supple as silk lend themselves to svelte, sophisticated gowns with regal condescension.

A dull red shot taffeta embroidered with gold moons, treats its skirt with panniers, falling to the floor. Huge ruffles of net from the shoulders to the back decolletage add further irresistible glamour.

A peppermint candy striped frock ties its simple cross-over bodice in one enormous bow on the hip. So attractive is it with its slim hips revealed despite its voluminous skirts, that one is consumed with envy of the wearer.

Slim and lovely is the princess gown of satin. Guiltless of back, two halter straps slip through slits at the shoulders and tie in a bow at the waist.

A wide, almost sailor collar of pique with deep decolletage back and front is indeed striking on a black evening gown which sweeps slimly down to a low circular flare.

A chiffon gown, crystal bead embroidered, with lovely floating skirt is an absolute triumph of simplicity and sophistication. A slightly stiffened lace frock —cotton lace—swathes its waist with a twisted sash of two colours, and offers much scope for colour combinations. This delightful material is one of the most ideal for tropical climes. It is cool and looks it, wears well and launders to perfection, and is of infinitesimal cost —truly a thing of many virtues. What more could one ask?

Dr. lan Hogbin, who joined the Ascanius in Sydney this month for Capetown, en route to London, is lecturer in anthropology at Sydney University, and has carried out important field work in New Guinea and in the Solomons. The reason for his visit to London is to carry out research work in the University of London in connection with a book he is writing on administration in the Western Pacific. Dr. Hogbin is the author of “Law and Order in Polynesia.”

Tongan Centenarian

Honour For Papua

five candidates, Ronald John Atkinson, of Abau, Papua, and St. John’s College, Brisbane, was selected in November as Queensland’s Rhodes Scholar for 1936.

Commander Harley, formerly a wellknown resident of Tahiti and Rarotonga, spent a few weeks in Sydney before returning to the Pacific. After a stay at Norfolk Island he is now at Lord Howe Island, One of the rare Tongans who enjoy longevity, Belenaise Afu, of Nukualofa, quietly celebrated her 101st birthday on October 15. She is still active, can read her Bible without spectacles, and insists on doing light duties. Belenaise Afu belongs to the Methodist Church, and regularly walks unassisted to Sunday Service.

Photo.: W. Finau. 59

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 62

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A Scientist’s Comments Letter to the Editor ly/TARVELS now come out of New Guinea as they used to go out of Africa, One expects the public to be interested, even excited; but fusty scientists are supposed to keep their heads and refrain from talking till they have got hold of the available facts. Having seen myself quoted however —before I have even spoken —first on the “new race” (as it is freely called) which Messrs. Hides and O’Malley reported from Papua, and now on the “mummies” discovered by Dr. Atcherley in the Mandated Territory, I feel that I am justified by self-defence in writing to the press.

When the “mummies” (I put them in inverted commas because I understand they are still sub judice ) were first reported, the “Papuan Courier” asked me if I would give an opinion on them. I declined for the ample reason that I had none to give. But I see that your own correspondent at Wau —whoever he may be —reports in your last issue that I share Dr. Fortune’s opinion that the mummified remains are contemporary with the present natives of the district, and that we both emphatically disagree with the theory (allegedly put forward by Dr, Firth) that they may have some connection with the Egyptians.

My sole contribution to the literature of the subject has been a personal note to Dr. Fortune congratulating him on the tone of his brief report quoted in the “Papuan Courier” in August. This is a very different thing from expressing agreement with his views, and still more different from offering an opinion for publication in the press.

The fact is that I would hardly allow myself to form an opinion. For in the first place I have neither seen the “mummies” nor read any adequate description of them; and in the second I am so completely ignorant of the subjects of mummies at large that I should not depend on myself to recognise one outside a museum.

Whether the remains are or are not contemporary with the present day natives I have not the faintest idea; and whether they are or are not ultimately connected with the mummies of ancient Egypt I do not really care. If there was any point in his original report upon which I felt entirely at one with Dr. Fortune it was where he said that the discovery did not greatly interest him. It belongs to a branch of the wide tree of anthropology upon which neither I, nor, I believe, Dr. Fortune, would care to climb —much less to “swing.”

Those who are by qualification and opportunity able to investigate the New Guinea “mummies” may well ask, if they read your September issue, what right this anthopologist from Papua has to express an opinion. I have none, Mr.

Editor; and that is why I have expressed none.

Yours faithfully, F. E. WILLIAMS.

Govt. Anthropologist, Port Moresby, 30/10/’35.

Editorial Note There is no doubt that irresponsible journalism gave the name of “mummies” to the human remains found in the cave near Salamaua, New Guinea, and that there is no scientific justification for the term.

The popular meaning of “mummy” is a body that has been preserved for very many centuries by special treatment of the body itself (and the ancient Egyptians had developed a marvellous technique in this regard) and (this more especially) by wrapping the body tightly in great rolls of fabric.

So far as we know, there is not the slightest indication that the New Guinea bodies had been wrapped. They had, apparently, been preserved in a remarkable manner; but only experts of great skill will be able to say whether, in this respect, there is any indication of an Egyptian technique. The chances seem to be overwhelmingly against it. It is much more likely that the bodies are preserved, partly by drying and native treatment (a common enough thing among those peoples) and partly by natural chemical action in the cave in which they were placed.

“Mummification” —mostly of the corpses of royal personages—was a common practice of the Egyptians, between 3000 B.C. and 1000 8.C.; and, if it were proved that the custom had been employed in New Guinea, it would be a discovery of outstanding scientific importance. But nothing of this kind can be expected.

Interest, abroad, was stirred only by the 60

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 63

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Australian journalists’ use of the term “mummy”—a careless and unjustified use which clearly was the result of ignorance.

The manner in which the Pacific lands were settled —and, more especially, the mystery of those queer racial fragments, like the Tasmanians, found in remote and isolated places—has been a subject of speculation among scientists and wellinformed travellers for nearly a century; and a report of the discovery of something establishing relationship with ancient Egypt naturally aroused intense interest.

But the incident can be forgotten.

It may be found that the racial types, discovered in Central New Guinea and Central Papua recently by the Leahy brothers and by the Hides’ expedition, are a more fruitful subject of inquiry. It is a job for skilled anthropologists: but it would not surprise this writer if scientific data proved a relationship between some sections of the New Guinea natives, and certain definite racial types of south-west (not south-east) Asia.

Notes From Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, October 27.

A NOTHER ferro-concrete modern bridge is in course of construction by the Public Works Department at Laulii, on the coast, east of Apia. The bridge, similar to the recently completed Leilata bridge, will rest on a central cement pillar and two pillars on the opposite shores. The cost of construction is approximately £2OOO.

The M.V. “Makoa” is expected back shortly from the Tokelaus, Puka Puka, Nassau and Swain’s Island.

The 24th anniversary of the foundation of the Chinese Republic was celebrated on October 10 at the Chinese Consulate, where a large gathering of residents was welcomed by Vice-Consul Pan and the secretary. Acting-Administrator Turnbull represented the Administration.

The British motor ship Ardevohr of the Transatlantic Line arrived here on October 24 from Tongan ports. Among Tongan residents who are proceeding to Pago Pago to connect with the Lurline on her way southwards, are Miss M. Peck (for Melbourne), Mr. J. F. Hutchison (for Auckand), Mrs. and Miss R. Taylor (for Auckland), and Mr. and Mrs. N. Garrick (for JL clllltl).

By the “Maui Pomare” on October 8 a number of new officials arrived here Dr Dempster, formerly of Niue and New Zealand, was a passenger, accompanied by D ?, m P ster is to relieve Dr. at Apia Government Hospital. Dr Mitford is leaving Samoa.

Mother Mary Rose, Mother Superior of the Manst Sisters, arrived on a visit of MotbPr t 0 establish ment in Samoa.

Mother Mary Ehse of the Marist Sisters of r TbP °? her way to take charge Island Slsters establishment at Wallis Cenprnl D Eden ’ recently appointed State. h^f na f 6r ° f the Reparation S New’ze“and. Urned fr ° m his vacation AMkiaid Ck N7 barrister and solicitor, of Auckland, N.Z., was a passenger on the Maui Pomare.’’ He will relieve Mr M! W Burtl° ‘ S returnins to New Zealand!

Mr, Burton, representative of the well Sydnev ° f Messrs - Tooth and Co..

Samoa been ° n a short visit to un^r 8 and Stringer have arrived Reparations. t 0 th ® N ® W Zealand

Fiji’S Surplus

Reduction of Taxation SUVA, November 4.

TH E Legislative Council met on November 1.

In his address to the Council, the Governor (Sir Murchison Fletcher) stated that the surplus for 1935 was £41,622, and the accumulated surplus in the Colony’s accounts now was £552,787.

It was proposed to reduce taxation by reducing the following items in the Customs tariff: Beer, bottled, 4/- preferential, 6/general, reduction, 2/6 and 4/6; beer, in casks, 3/- and 5/-, reduced to 2/- and 4/-. .

Meat, 2d. and 3d., reduced to Id. and 2d.

Fish, 20 and 40 per cent., reduced to 10 and 30 per cent.

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Mr. A. J. Murray, of Messrs. Burns, Philp (South Seas), Ltd., staff, has been transferred recently from the branch at Apia, Samoa, to Faisi, in the Solomons.

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N.G. Goldfields Strike

Letter to the Editor IN your October issue, on page 57, you report that a strike of miners occurred on the Morobe goldfields, New Guinea, between September 7 and 11, and that this strike was caused by New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. informing 15 miners that their wages were to be reduced 1/- per day. This report is not correct.

The facts are that some of the miners at our Golden Ridges mine served an ultimatum on the manager that, unless their wages were increased by 9/- per day, they would cease work. The request was refused, and the miners went on strike.

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All Quiet In Samoa

From Qur Qwn Correspondent APIA, October 27.

Ilf ATTERS political are quiet here just , L “"f 01 tion between Administration and Mail seems to be developing.

Mr . A c Turnbull who has been here , for y ears - and who IS well liked, is acting as Administrator, and his influence is all to the good. c +-u„ There are former bitter critics of the Administration who say that if the New Zealand politicians will only leave us alone, and allow Mr. Turnbull to carry on in his quiet and efficient manner, there will be no more trouble in Samoa.

Cocoa-Planting In

New Guinea

Letter to the Editor THE remarks of Mr. Nixon-Westwood A about cocoa-growing in New Guinea, published in your September issue, call for comment.

I think I am correct in saying that the planters of the Territory have no great respect for the Agricultural Department’s work of the past; but the action of Mr.

E. C. Green (the officer of the Department to whom the reference is made) in spending his furlough of 12 months— quite different to a flying visit —studying the cocoa industry and problems connected with it, under the tutorship of some of the world’s foremost Tropical Agriculturists, is a commendable and progressive step.

Since Mr, Green’s return to the Territory, he has given unstintingly the results of his observations and teachings at Trinidad to anyone interested and has been able to give a number of planters valuable information. Mr. Green is now the Superintendent of the Demonstration Plantation of the Department of Agriculture, and is busy planting cocoa in various experimental ways; and the knowledge thus gained will be very valuable in the future. He is also making experiments in fermentation. Practical benefit has already been obtained from these experiments.

The Thesis presented by Mr. Green in part requirement for the Associateship of The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture (he is the first Australian to gain this distinction) has been published as a Bulletin by the Department: and to the majority of planters here, who know practically nothing about cocoa, it will prove a valuable guide and should interest them to the extent of making them seek further knowledge of the subject.

Maybe Samoan methods would be applicable here, and the suggestion that a planter from Samoa could give us valuable information is feasible; but the Department has apparently not thought all this out yet and Mr. Nixon-Westwood’s letter may lead them to investigate the desirability of; (1) Sending an officer to Samoa for experience or (2) Engaging an experienced man from Samoa. (1) of course would mean: (a) Who? (b) When? (c) How?; and (2) could go ad infinitum.

In the .meantime, let us give a measure of praise to Mr. Green’s good work.

I am, etc..

TURALAM.

Rabaul. T.N.G.

October 19, 1935.

G.O.M. Of Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, October 27.

WITHIN one week recently, three of the oldest European residents celebrated their birthdays and received congratula- Mr. Niedecke, Senr., completed his 79th year of life, Mr. G. E. L. Westbrook reached 75, and Mr. Paul Hoeflich 79.

The latter two gentlemen are old and well-known Island identities who arrived on our shores on the same day, 45 years three gentlemen are mentally and physically fit, and still enjoying life, and probably will be with us for a long lime to come. 62 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 65

Calendar year, 1933 Calendar year, 1934 Tons Value Tons Value Copra .. 11,526 £101,347 8.948 £60,654 Cocoa .. 899 41,813 1.027 29,498 Cases Cases Bananas . 81,983 26,999 96.225 35,796

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TTHE Fifteenth Annual Report on Western Samoa to the League of Nations which has been published recently, contains little of special importance.

It shows, however, that for the period under consideration (April 1, 1934, to March, 1935) the total trade, as well as export and import values have largely decreased, as against the figures of former years. Total trade turnover amounted to only £220,901, as compared with £324,693 for the previous year, a decrease of almost 32 per cent. Total trade thus amounted to only half the volume of the pre-war period, 1910-12. Of the total trade turnover, exports amounted to £128,117 (£173,837 in 1933) and imports to £92.784 (£150,856 in 1933), showing a favourable balance of £35,333. Imports in 1934 were 72.4 per cent, of the value of exports, as •compared with 86.8 per cent, in 1933, the decrease being due to acute economic conditions prevailing during the year.

Exports of Samoan produce are given as follows: Copra exports were the smallest since the 1916/18 period, while cocoa and banana exports were the largest in quantity, though not in value. It is safe to predict, however, that for the present financial year, owing to better crops and higher produce prices, exports and imports will show a large increase.

The revenue of the Administration, in 1934/35, amounted to £78.808 (£90,613 in 1933/34), the departments of Health and Customs showing the largest decreases: while expenditure is given as £76.505 <89,955 in 1933/34), nearly all departments showing a decrease. This leaves a small surplus for the financial year of £2.303.

The Administration now holds an accumulated surplus of £15,755.

The administrative staff shows only slight changes. It is pointed out that of the officers in charge of departments, those in charge of education, health, native, public works, postal and radio, lands and survey, and police—those most in contact with the Samoans—have an average Samoan service of 14| years each. Other important office-holders, such as Administrator. Collector of Customs, Treasurer, Commissioner of Labour and Public Trustee, Auditor and Harbourmaster, and Secretary to the Administration, have much shorter periods of Samoan service.

Ir regard to crime and administration of iaw, the report shows an increase of approximately 50 per cent, in criminal offences reported during the year. Most of the cases, however, were not of a serious nature.

The infant mortality rate for 1934 was 104,8 per 1000 registered births. This high rate is likely to continue until the instructional work undertaken by the Administration amongst the natives can bear results.

Population figures for 1934, given in the report, are again based on the count taken in 1932/33, during the yaws campaign. It has been pointed out previously that these figures are quite inaccurate and the figure given for the total population (53,087) is much too high; 45,000 would probably be more correct. The numbers of persons of European and Samoan descent, as stated, are much toe low, many of these being counted as native Samoans. A fair estimate would be about 4000. The number of persons of mixed Chinese and Samoan blood, also counted as Samoans, are estimated at about 1000, The number of Chinese labourers in Samoa (632 on January 1, 1934) decreased during the year by 129, only 503 being counted on December 31, 1934.

New Zealand At Geneva

Giving an account of Samoa to the Mandates Commission of the League of Nations at Geneva on October 30, the High Commissioner for New Zealand (Sir James Parr) said that 11 white and 36 native police were preserving order there among 50,000 people.

There had been a great improvement upon the former troublous conditions, he said.

A certain temporary political agitation had recently been revived. The Government thought it was related to the impending elections, but the Administrator believed that any dissatisfaction was inspired from only one quarter. The general situation was improving. Trade in 1934 63

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 66

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Diesel and Semi-Diesel Marine and Stationary Types FETTER Engines had declined about 31 per cent., but had improved to a marked degree in the first three months of 1935. Prices were rising, especially for copra and bananas, and health and sanitation were improving.

The work of Samoan teachers and doctors was entirely satisfactory.

Presbyterians Discuss Mission Problems at Annual Synod on Tanna, New Hebrides THOUGH the perils and hardships of missionaries have been considerably lessened since the pioneer evangelists arrived to Christianise the untutored savages of the South Seas, there still remain certain Pacific Islands where missionaries carry their lives in their hands as they advance to spread the gospel teachings. Among those pagan territories are the lesser civilised islands of the New Hebrides group.

The difficulties confronting the workers of the Presbyterian Church in the Condominium were discussed at the Mission Synod held recently at Lenakel, West Tanna. The meeting passed a minute expressing deep regret at the death of Apon, a native teacher, who was shot by heathen natives at Leviamb, West Malekula, in July last.

Present at the First Session were: Revs. T.

MacMillan, B.A. (Moderator), W. V. Milne, J. E.

Jaffray, W. Anderson, D. McLeod, M. 8., Ch.B., J. W. P. Gillan, 8.A., B. R. C. Nottage, 8.A., W. F. Paton, 8.A., B.D. The British Resident Commissioner (Mr. G. A. Joy) addressed the meeting, discussing the question of native welfare.

Mr. B. C. Ballard, solicitor representing Australian interests in the Condominium, spoke at the invitation of the Synod on native lands and surveys in relation to the Mission’s . activities.

Having received a communication from 'the Bishop of Melanesia regarding natives from islands under his mission care who are working in Vila or on outlying plantations, the members of the Synod Committee decided after consideration to agree to his placing native teachers where Melanesian Mission natives are working. The Bishop gave his assurance that there would be ho proselytising on the part of the native teachers.

The Presbyterian Mission informed the Melanesian Society that there was no opening for another church on Santo Island. - Mr. A. Stewart, who had recently been seriously ill, will shortly begin special deputation work in Australia. He will urge the Victorian and N.S.W.

Churches to provide missionaries for Nogugu, White Sands (Tanna), South-West Bay (Malekula), Paama, and South and West Santo.

In an interesting comment on the physique of the natives of White Sands district, Rev. T. Mac- Millan (East Tanna) said" that Captain" Cook on his visit there in 1774 described the men as strong and vigorous, but rather small of stature. That description was true of the Tannamen when hearrived in 1896; to-day they are a more stalwart race, taller and bigger, of decidedly improved physique.

The following are extracts from a minute based on reports from the Mission’s stations:— Several Tangoa-trained teachers have been settled in villages; erne was sent to Hareyi, Big Bay, Santo, but trouble in the village, culminating in the shooting of a man and the consequent flight of the natives from justice, left an empty village* so the teacher returned home.

A teacher settled at Benelang, Malekula, and has reported 20 converts. Three teachers from Nguna, with a missionary spirit, went to other islands—two to Tanna, one to Achin. Of the former two, one died on Tanna, and the other was forced to leave on account of his wife’s sickness.

Teachers are still needed in several islands, particularly Ambrim, Tongoa and Tanna. Dr. Macleod reports that the want of teachers of English is the most pressing on Tanna. Combined villages, both in Tanna and in Tongoa, have offered to support a teacher, and provide him with house and garden.

The situation at Nguna was particularly difficult.

Thieving, strained relations between trader and natives, and dissatisfaction over the disposal of arrowroot money, all contributed to the difficulties presented to the missionary. An outbreak of “su,” or witchcraft, on Emae, added to the heavy burden.

The people of Tongoa are not staunch in their faith. Of the men on the membership roll only 28 out of 400 took Communion. Kava-drinking continues to hamper the work, and added to this is an anti-white-man feeling which is being encouraged by certain natives.

In spite of these drawbacks work is proceeding steadily. Collections are either remaining level or increasing. Special services have been held in various parts of the islands. On Malo, 51 services were held by the open-air band among heathens.

On Tanna, a weekly service is held at the leper settlement.

Missionaries are keeping in touch with outstations, and furthering the work there. Notable journeys were the two through Santo undertaken by Mr. W. Anderson. This involved about 4(1 hours’ walking in four days, the way lying through difficult country. .

The work of the Teachers’ Training Institution goes on apace, and has now settled down under its new Principal. There are 41 students in residence. 64 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 67

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By Henry Dexter

OF all the yarns told by the “old timers’’ on the verandah of the store in Milne Bay (Eastern Papua) none interested me more than one in which Bill Guy—then a well known identity—was concerned.

Bill, with a party of other men, was leaving Samarai in a cutter for Woodlark Island. The skipper in charge of the vessel was named Einar Johanessen. The parting from old friends had been an unusually “wet” one, and Bill was almost a cot case.

It was the Nor’-west season. The cutter had a fair wind through China Straits.

As soon as sail was set one of the boys dropped a towline overboard. Bill was sitting right aft, on a camp stool.

Suddenly, the party noticed a commotion in the water about ten fathoms astern. Bill, unnoticed by the others, had fallen overboard; and the hook on the tow-line had caught him by the instep.

The vessel was immediately luffed into the wind, and Bill was hauled on board, with a badly torn foot, and his lungs full of salt water.

The vessel brought him back to Samarai. He made a complete recovery, but his foot was badly scarred.

Bill joined up in the early days of the war. On one occasion, he was on leave in London. A party of soldiers were relating outstanding happenings that had occurred in various parts of the world.

Sid Bishop was among those present.

He told the above story; and was a very surprised man when Bill tapped him on the shoulder and said: “I’m the bloke you’ve been talking about!” He then stripped off one of his puttees and showed the scars.

Bill returned to Papua after the war; but later he died in Australia. Sid Bishop blew himself up with dynamite while “shooting” fish there in Milne Bay.

There was another outstanding coincidence in connection with Sid Bishop’s war service. He was a member of a machinegun section, which had been having a particularly hectic time.

Sid, in an undertone, said: “I’d sooner be back in New Guinea!”

“What do you know of New Guinea?” asked the man next to him.

It was Brossey, who left his desk in Port Moresby in the early days of the war. He was badly wounded, but he returned later to Papua, and now is in Norfolk Island.

Incidentally, Sid Bishop was one of the whitest of men. Peace to his ashes.

Papuan Kuru-Kuru Grass

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 29.

IVJESSRS. MASON, senior and junior, -‘■’■“■continue with their investigations in Papua, seeking suitable areas of Kurukuru grass for paper manufacture. They have recently been inspecting the supply of Kuru-kuru grass in the Western Division, but met with little success.

After visits to the Masingara, Oriomo, and Wassi Kussa districts, west of the Fly River, they have definitely decided that the conditions do not warrant any further investigations, and that no further action in regard to Kuru-kuru should be taken in the Western Division.

Mr. L. V. Waterhouse, technical director of Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd., and Mr. W.

A. Freeman, chairman of Placer Development, Ltd., left Sydney by the Neptuna on November 20 for the New Guinea goldfield. They will return by the next Montoro.

Thursday Is. Notes From Our Own Correspondent THURSDAY IS., Nov. 4.

THE Governor-in-Council has appointed Mr.

William J. Wood as a member of the T.I.

Town Council in place of Mr. R. Fergusson, who recently resigned.

October 31 was the Golden Jubilee of the Town Council as a local authority, and the anniversary was recognised by the holding of a citizens’ dance in the Victoria Memorial Institute.

Mr. H. E. Oates, of South Australia, has joined the staff of the local radio station.

Mr. A. J. Broad is now sub-collector of Customs in place of Mr. C. Bliss, who has been transferred to Brisbane after three years’ service.

Another Japanese sampan has been sighted; this one making its way through the Endeavour Strait.

Coast Pilot Godkins has conducted five Japanese whalers down the coast. They are of 200 tons each and called in for water, making their way to Hobart, where they will rejoin their mother-ship, which is of 13,000 tonnage. From Tasmania they will proceed to the Southern whaling grounds.

Dr. G. H. Vernon has returned to Daru, Western Papua. A few evenings before he left members of the local branch of the Royal Geographical Society gave a social evening in his honour in the residence of Dr. Nimmo. Our popular visitor gave a paper on the district in which he now resides, suggesting several lines of research.

Mr. Probys has been gazetted as the Torres Strait representative of the Pacific Islands Association. His wife and child have now arrived at the island.

Alderman Don Farquhar has returned from his visit to Brisbane.

The Right Rev. Stephen Davies, Bishop of Carpentaria, has gone to Darwin for confirmation and other episcopal duties.

Mr. and Mrs. Hennessey, Dr. Nimmo, and Mr.

Cecil Dene have returned to the island from South, also Mr. and Mrs. F. Hockings.

Mr. Michael Portley, 8.A., has made his final tour of the Torres Strait Islands for the year in his capacity as Inspector of Aboriginal Schools.

Mrs. Portley accompanied him on the Melbidir.

Constable Martin has been transferred from Cairns to join the local police force, Constable Hawkes, of Thursday Is., replacing him at Cairns.

The Torres Strait Fresh Food and Ice Co. Pty.

Ltd. has relinquished its business as butchers, aerated water and ice manufacturers, and the Thursday Island Fresh Food & Ice Co. has commenced business at the premises of the original firm. Messrs. J. C. Mills, Claude Sluce and Bruce Lovey are the proprietors of the new firm.

Amotag visitors who have been staying on the island are Mr. Swinburn (Inspector of Weights and Measures), Captain Bundy (Messrs. John Dewar & Sons), Mr. Scott (State Government Machinery Inspector), Mr. Brooks (a world traveller), and Mesdames Green and Holman James, of Melbourne.

A lecture by Mr. E. W. Sareanalis has been delivered on the history and life-cycle of the mother-of-pearl oyster, under the auspices of the Royal Geographical Society. The subject was dealt with in masterly fashion and was illustrated with diagrams and specimens.

It was reported from Tokio on November 1 that the Yamashita Steamship Co. intends to extend its service to New Zealand from December to compete with the Osaka Shosen Company’s forthcoming service. 65

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 68

A Hostel for Your Children... ”I“AMARANG HOSTEL, situated on the heights of the Lane Cove River in healthy, open surroundings, is the ideal Sydney home for Islands children.

Sunny rooms, ample playground, good food. All the care and comfort of home. lister ixcnnp Clinic.

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The children will be well looked after in every way and receive every consideration necessary for their wellbeing and happiness. w

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ISLANDS, which includes facilities for spending School Vacations at the School Country House.

Applications for enrolment in 1936 are now being received Illustrated Prospectus and Over-Seas Leaflet on Application.

Headmaster: L. Bavin

The School Offers: A Home Atmosphere and Moral Training.

Special provision is made to meet the requirements of boys from THE Housekeeping in the Tropics Conducted by “Dorothea”

For Beauty In Tropical Distress

SHOULD your face cream harden, screw the lid on tightly, and stand the jar in a saucepan of cold water. Heat water slowly, and keep it hot (but not boiling lest the jar cracks) until the cream is soft again. Always keep lids screwed on tightly, as it is the exposure to the air which causes creams to harden.

If liquid nail varnish has hardened, warm slightly, as for hardened cream, and add a few drops of methylated spirits afterwards.

For face powder that has lost its perfume, moisten a circle of blotting paper with scent, insert inside lid and leave box closed for a few days. If the perfume used on the blotting paper matches the previous powder perfume, so much the better.

Lumps in powder may be extracted by sifting the powder through a piece of silk material.

A slight smear of vaseline or olive oil inside the lid of the rouge jar or tin keeps the contents moist.

Lipsticks wrapped in blotting paper rarely wilt in the heat.

Keep all cosmetics in a drawer or box, not left out on the dressing table. This remark applies particularly to bottle perfumes, which should have tightly-fitting rubber stoppers, not cork ones.— “JUDY S.”

Banana Pie

A splendid tropical dessert, within the reach of all, is a banana pie and most cook boys easily manage it. Serve it with canned cream and it is delicious. Make a pie-crust in the usual way and line a pie-plate in the usual way with a layer of the pastry; bake in oven until done. Make a mixture of three bananas, which have been mashed and then whipped with an egg-beater, add 1 cup sugar, 1 dessertspoonful lemon juice, pinch of salt, and the whites of 2 eggs beaten until frothy; pour this mixture into the pastry-lined dish, and bake for 20 minutes. When finished, sprinkle withi desiccated coconut or chopped nuts, serve at once.

“BULWA.”

New Guinea.

Mysterious Wings

When our groceries from down South were unpacked recently there was a brand of flour witbi wings on the bag.

My cook-boy rushed out and brought in his one-talks (fellow tribesmen —men of the same dialect).

After much jabbering, I asked him: “What name ’e now?”

Pointing to the flour, said Arnbung: “Him Kaikai (food), belonga Jesus Christ. ’E all same wings same Jesus Christ!”

And they were quite reverent about it.

“BULWA.”

New Guinea.

En Route To Heaven

’Planes of any description are still a novelty in the Solomons, many natives not having seen one.

During the recent visit of H.M.S. Sussex her sea-plane flew over our place. A new Malaita “boy” watched it with wonderment, and, turning to me, said: “Some feller stop along him?”

“Yes,” I replied; “might be two feller.”

“What way engine he work?” asked Donai.

“Two feller savvy work him,” I answered.

Donai looked at me doubtfully. “You no gammon me, missus,” he said reproachfully. “Me savvy man he die finish, no savvy workem en- S “But two feller no die,” I told him-. “Twofeller savvy walk about, savvy kai-kai, savvy sleep—all the same you and me.”

“My,” said Donai, a smile spreading over his face. “Me tink two feller die finish; now him go along heaven along this something.”

“BITITAMBOA.”

Tulagi, S.I. (For the benefit of those in non-Pidgin territories: The boy, when assured that there was one, and perhaps two men in the seaplane, asked how the engine was operated. He refused to believe that a dead man could operate an engine.

Finally he decided that the seaplane was a heavenly manifestation, and provided the two dead men with a way of getting to heaven.)

Little Islanders’ Corner

Dear Dorothea,—What memories the “P.1.M.” awakens in one’s heart, and what longings as well.

As a small child, and up to a couple of years ago, I spent my life in New Guinea. My father owned a small island 60 miles off the mainland. Jwe used to travel a great deal in our schooner. The fascination of those tropic seas and isles are always calling us all back, and some day we 11 pack and be off, unable to withstand the call any longer.

Gweyneth Maynard, of Bulolo, New Guinea. 66 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 69

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Keep your food fresh and wholesome Write for particulars to the manufacturer: E. HALLSTROM 462/464 Willoughby Rd., Willoughby SYDNEY I have written a serial, and called it Peril Isle —all about our dear isle of Pampus. The serial was accepted by a Queensland paper; it is amazing how ignorant people are about my New Guinea —it makes me cross at times.

Could you find me a pen-friend in the Solomons or New Guinea ?

C. Queensland.

DAWN.

Dear Dorothea,—The things the natives do and say quite innocently often cause a good laugh amongst the white folk.

We had a new cook boy, who had never been employed before. He had been with us about a fortnight, when one day, while mother was making pastry, she was surprised to see him staring at the contents of a basin. Not able to keep quiet any longer, he looked up and said, “What herecement?” A few hours later the “cement” was two big pies, which he had the honour to bring round to the table.

It’s quite common to ask the cook boy if ttie kettle is boiling. One of the cooks, when a new chum, was asked if “Kettle he boila?” and, after looking about him rather amazed, and throwing a glance towards the stove, answered, in a bewildered voice: “No more, missus; water, das all.”

Still another story is told by a friend, who had been out pigeon shooting. Arrived home, he gave his catch to one of his cook-boys, saying, “Here, take out grass alonga this fella” —meaning for the boy to pluck the birds. But the boy was busy, and passed them to the other cook. “Take out grass alonga dis fella,” he repeated.

“What!” said the other boy, scornfully, “You no savvy? Him no grass, him hair.” Their master was laughing too much to tell them it was feathers. (“Grass” is the Pidgin for hair, feathers, and any similar covering.) There came to our house one day a boy who was known and talked about by the natives for the way he could speak English, having been to a mission school. I can speak Pidgin English and Englsh, but he strung English words together in such a way that I could not understand. So I asked him in his own lingo what he meant.

He told all and sundry afterwards that I couldn’t speak English. However, before he went he noticed upon the wall our barometer, and, thinking it a clock, asked if it had “the right time.”

Tulagi, S.I.

GEOFF. GASKELL.

Pretty Wedding At

SAMARAI From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 27.

AN extremely attractive wedding took place in Samarai in October at St.

Paul’s Church of England, when Ellis James Turner, youngest son of Mr. J.

Turner and the late Mrs. Turner, was married to Thelma, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Cater, of Mareeba.

North Queensland. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Robert Leek In the beautifully decorated church, the bride, who was given away by her uncle, Mr. Morrow, looked charming in a gown of white lace over silver lame, with a long train decorated with silver leaves and orange blossoms. The bridesmaids and matrons of honour wore dresses of pastel shades that harmonised with pleasing effect with their bouquets.

Geoff, and Jack Gaskell, of Tulagi, S.I., with their pet dog.

This happy young chap is the small grandson of Mrs. Bowring, of Edie Creek, New Guinea. 67

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 70

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S. J. & E. FELLOWS, LIMITED Reports from the Aitape district, North New Guinea, state that 50 deaths resulted amongst the natives from the effects of the earthquake which occurred in the Torricelli Mountains on September 20.

Pacific Mining

REPORTS From Fiji PACIFIC GOLD N.L.

Shareholders of Pacific Gold N.L., at an extraordinary meeting on October 31, altered the rules to enable the syndicate to enter into an agreement with the Pacific Gold Syndicate to acquire options to purchase prospecting licences in Fiji.

Mr. H. C. Cornforth, who presided, said the Pacific Gold Syndicate was formed a year ago to investigate likely gold-bearing areas on the Tavua field, Fiji. Prospecting, research work and geological investigation disclosed the possibility of certain areas having favourable prospects. Under agreements entered into by the syndicate, options were acquired over three substantial areas, in respect of which two prospecting licences had been issue. In addition, a prospecting licence had been granted over an area of approximately 127 acres. The syndicate controlled 637 acres, and the areas were within a field where gold-bearing formations had been definitely established. The areas had been taken over by Pacific Gold N.L. on advantageous terms. The consideration payable to the Pacific Gold Syndicate was 396 fully-paid shares of £lO each, and an option to subscribe for a further 198 shares at par within two years from September 24, 1935. Expenses were also to be refunded, the amount being equal to the 396 fully-paid shares allotted. Advice had been received from the resident director (Sir Maynard Hedstrom) that the registration of the syndicate had been effected.

The areas held in Fiji are: (1) P.L. 367 of 170 acres under option from M. J. White, J. White, and J. Dodds, adjoining the northern boundary of No. 236 (Mr. Theodore’s); (2) P.L. 266 of 240 acres under option from Sir Maynard Hedstrom, adjoining southern boundary of 243 (Mr. Theodore’s); (3) 100 acres in Naitasiri district, 30 miles north of Suva under option from A. R. Reeve, who has applied for prospecting licence; (4) P.L. 268 of 127 acres at Tavua, datum peg Laka Laka, issued to Pacific Gold Syndicate.

VEES UNITED N.L.

A report has been received by Vees United N.L. from Dr. Loftus Hills, consulting geologist, on prospecting licence 245, Sigatoka district, Fiji, in which he gives results of his sampling on the option held by the company. He advises that sampling shows traces of gold. The formation is well developed and impressive. The lode outcrop can be traced for a length of 2000 feet, and the width exposed in the trenches along the lode outcrop is up to 40 feet. Other parallel lode formations exist, but are not yet prospected. Dr. Loftus Hills recommends further prospecting work should be undertaken subject to certain negotiations with the vendors being completed satisfactorily.

GOLD MINES OF FIJI N.L.

Reporting to Gold Mines of Fiji N.L. on Flemon’s area, Dr. Loftus Hills, consulting geologist, stated in October that two lode systems enter south—Emperor and Loloma. Each comprises lodes. There is some evidence that the Cardigan lode becomes incorporated with west of the Loloma lode system in Loloma lease. A series of lodes belonging to Emperor and Loloma occur within the Emperor and Loloma areas south of the southern boundary of Lease 271 on which some are visible; the dolerite cover hides continuation of others.

Diamond drilling is designed to penetrate these lodes. Four lodes carrying gold have been located on Goodsir’s block. Formations are 10 to 15ft. wide in each of 10 adits. Assays show maximum gold content 3dwts, but there is an encouraging consistency in assays from 2 to 3dwts. Promising possibilities at levels below the river are indicated.

Two lode formations are opening on Chalmers’ block. Assays are 2dwts a ton. Formations partly opened on Hall’s block are intrusive (gold bearing) dykes and not lodes.

On his_ return to Australia in November, Dr.

Loftus Hills explained to the directors the progress of work on the company’s blocks at Tavua. Boring to date on Flemon’s block has disclosed the existence of a lode formation at 91 feet. The lode was passed through at 198 feet, the total depth being 312 feet, in country rock. The bore is being carried down to the full capacity of the drill, to prove the existence of any formations below this depth. An adit, now in 50 feet, is being driven from the creek in the south-east corner and has disclosed highly-developed shearing, considered to be encouraging. Developments on prospecting licence 224, just north of Goodsir’s block, indicate the existence of a series of parallel lodes running north-west and south-east, running towards the Natolevu Bluff in this area. Dr. Loftus Hills estimates the width of this lode to be at least 700 feet, and at present four adits are being extended into the Bluff, about one chain apart, all m lode formation, with the intention of lining up by a crosscut the entire width of the lode before commencing drilling. Assays show from 1 to 3 1 / 2 dwt. Values on prospecting licence 214, leased by Fiji Mining Corporation, appear to be at the intersection of two transverse lodes, the east-west running towards the Bluff in this area.

FIJI MINING CORPORATION N.L.

A rich shoot of ore has been met by Fiji Mining Corporation N.L., Tavua, Fiji, in No. 3 shaft, down 35 feet. Progress reports, dated November 2 and 4, are as follow: The 2ft. stone cut in No. 3 shaft 350 ft. S.E. of No. 1 shaft has passed out of shaft; will continue sinking, then xcut. No. 2 shaft.

Gold showing in sulphide lode. No. 1 shaft W. xcut to 50ft.; valueless. S. drive to 39ft., last Bft. value 4dwt a ton. No. 2 shaft sunk 50ft; value 4dwt a ton. No. 3 shaft sunk 35ft. Sample E. end of shaft over sft. depth in rich shoot 15oz 12dwt a ton. Bottom of shaft in sulphide lode. Value 20dwt a ton. Pump in position; trial run Tuesday.

MOUNT KASI MINES LTD.

The directors of Mount Kasi Mines Ltd. have decided to increase the issued capital of the company from 330,007 shares of 3/- each to 396,008 shares of 3/- each by the issue of a further 66,001 shares. The new shares will be offered to shareholders in the proportion of one new share for every five shares held, at a premium of 7/- per share. The terms of payment are 2/6 (representing 9d capital and 1/9 premium) on application, 2/6 (representing 9d capital and 1/9 premium on allotment), and two calls of 2/6 (9d capital and 1/9 premium) each, to be made at intervals of not less than two months.

The manager in Fiji reports that from September 11 to October 10, 3370 z of fine gold were recovered, worth £A2950. It is now anticipated that with the continuous running of the mill, costs should not exceed 25/- per ton.

GRANITES DEVELOPMENT N.L.

On November 1 the following radio was received by the Melbourne management of Granites Development N.L. from Fiji: Waindoi.—Adits No. 1 extended to 40ft., No. 2 to 9ft., No. 3 to 16ft., No. 4 to Bft., No. 10 to 15ft., No. 11 to 16ft., No. 12 to 25ft. Three new adits near Faulkner’s hole driven during October 15ft. to 25ft.; also two others S. of range. Samples not yet assayed.

Nasivi (Fiji) Gold Syndicate

As a result of their continued efforts to clarify the position which has arisen from the irregularities associated with the samples from the company’s property, situated at Raki Raki, Fiji, directors of Nasivi (Fiji) Gold Syndicate N.L. announce that a letter has been sent to the Fijian Government with the request that an investigation into the affairs of the company be carried out. Full details regarding the company have been furnished to the 68 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 71

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Fijian authorities, together with affidavits of all share dealings by each and every one of the directors, affidavits in respect of the samples received in Melbourne, details regarding the daily quotations of the company’s shares on the Melbourne market, full details regarding any activities of the company in Fiji, duplicate copies of all reports furnished by the company to the Melbourne Stock Exchange and the Melbourne newspapers, together with a copy of the prospectus, details relating to capital and a general resume of the action and actions taken by the board in Melbourne. It was the intention of the board, by a resolution on October 14, that immediately advice was received from the Fijian Government as to its intentions, to place the matter in the hands of the Crown Law authorities in Victoria.

At a meeting of the directors late in October the action of Mr. G. M. Hume, a director of the company, in requesting the Attorney-General of Victoria to investigate the matter was confirmed, and the following resolution was unanimously carried: “That the manager of the company write to the Attorney-General of Victoria to the effect that the board has been notified of the action taken by Mr. Hume, and that the board requests the Attorney-General that a full, free, and open inquiry be commenced—if necessary a Royal Commission be appointed—and made into the affairs and actions of the Nasivi (Fiji) Gold Syndicate N.L. to determine the interference of any samples which were sent to Melbourne for assay; every activity of the Nasivi Syndicate in connection with property in Fiji; such details incidental thereto.”

TOTOLA SYNDICATE LTD.

The Totola Syndicate Limited, of Sydney, has now been registered in Fiji, and application has been made to the Fiji Mining Board for an area near Nativi, which lies inland from Viti Levu Bay, on the north-east corner of Viti Levu.

EMPEROR MINES LTD.

It was announced early in November that official quotation had been granted by the Melbourne Stock Exchange to 900,000 contributing shares of 10/- each, fully paid, in Emperor Mines Ltd. This company holds all the shares in Emperor Gold Mining Co. Ltd., which is operating the rich Emperor mine at Tavua, Fiji.

A return averaging slightly under an oz a ton was reported by the company on November 9, 470 tons returning 515.50 z of bullion, containing 4520 z of fine gold, a grade of over 19dwt a ton.

Head values were 20.2dwt, and the loss in tailings . l.ldwt. Following are the past two yields: Oct. 5. Nov. 2 Ore (dry weight), tons 365 .. 470 Fine gold, oz 360 .. 453 Grade, dwt 19.7 .. 19.2 FIJI GOLD N.L.

The committee of the Stock Exchange of Melbourne had deferred consideration of the application for listing Fiji Gold N.L. until such time as the committee’s requistion for information relating to the allotment of shares has been complied with.

A recent report from Dr. Loftus Hills and the company’s engineer is as follows: F. S. Ragg’s area: Unwatering shaft and driving xcut to penetrate downward trend of lode exposed in surface trenches.

Water was too heavy to be dealt with effectively by bailing. Decided to confine work at present to driving of tunnels into lode outcropping in creek to S. of shaft, with a view to ascertaining some characteristics of lode formations and its trend as a preliminary to possible future diamond drilling.

Work proceeding. Fyfe’s area: Been prospected to a considerable extent on surface. Occasional lode outcrops been found. From one of these assay of 2dwt was obtained. Trenching being carried out on this. Budd’s area: Testing being carried out, with an apparent improvement. Gunga Singh’s area: Prospecting in deepest valleys disclosed lode formations. Being opened up with object of determining its strike and depth, as a preliminary to possible future diamond drilling.

ALOHA CENTRAL G.M. N.L. .Mr. Campbell, consulting engineer to Aloha Central G.M. N.L., Tavua, Fiji, has returned to Melbourne after a visit to the mine, and has submited a report to the board. Summarised, the report states that development on the Sultan lode covers a length of 480 feet, and five crosscuts, over a length of 438 feet, show an average width of 16 feet, at an average depth of 27 feet. The average of the reported assays from these crosscuts is Sy 2 dwt, and from the drives is as follows: North drive, from No. 1A shaft, east crosscut, from 2ft. to 37ft.! 14.6dwt; south drive, from No. 2 adit to 78ft., B.Bdwt; north drive, from No. 2 adit to 39ft., 4.6dwt!

At the north end of the north drive, from No. 2 tunnel, the lode has narrowed to a width of 1 foot measured at right angles to the dip, which is here flattening The east crosscut from No. 1 shaft, at a depth of 55 feet, passed through the lode, which is here 4 feet wide and assays from a trace to 19 grains. A south drive shows a width of 4 feet, assaying a trace at 8 feet from the crosscut. The reduction in size and value of the lode is probably due to the fact that it has entered a zone of dense hard volcanic rock. The prospects of the Sultan lode lie in the possibility of a recurrence in depth of zones favourable to ore deposition, and to determine this, and the width and course of the lode below the present workings, three diamond drill bores will be drilled to vertical depths of 110 feet, 300 feet and 400 feet below the surface. The first, which is expected to cut the lode channel ;.t a depth of 144 feet, measured along the bore, and 110 feet vertically below the surface, has been commenced from a point 158 feet east of the lode.

LOLOMA WEST LTD.

The representative at Tavua, Fiji, of Loloma West Limited cabled to his company’s office in Melbourne on October 30 as follows: “Hotsprings area—sinking on outcrop near S.E. boundary, shaft down 18ft. in andesite. Exposed lode in two trenches in N.E. area, and began sinking on flat formation W. of river. Roskelly’s area —No. 2 diamond drill to 341 ft., in andesite. Continuing surface prospecting toward S. boundary.”

TAVUA GOLD DEVELOPMENTS LTD.

Dr. Loftus Hills, consulting geologist to Tavua Gold Developments Limited, advises that diamond drilling on prospecting licence 209, Tavua, Fiji, has demonstrated the continuance of the Emperor lode system into the area as a strongly developed lode down to 200 feet below the surface at the bore site. The values at 200 feet are low, but this is probably due to irregular distribution of the gold values. The character of the lode material justifies expectation of higher values above the strike or dip of the lode. No. 4 bore is expected to cut the lode at 300 feet. The assay values of No. 1 bore are important, but the assay values of Nos. 2 and 3 bores do not detract from the value of the areas. He considers there is every justification for continuing the present policy of exploration.

EAST REEFS CONSOLIDATED N.L.

Having examined Terry’s and Roger’s blocks, of 500 acres each, in the Yanawai district, west of the Mt. Kasi mine, Vuce district, of Vanua Levu, Fiji, Mr. C. G. Hylton has submitted a report to the directors of East Reefs Consolidated N.L. Mr.

Hylton states he was much impressed with the field and its possibilties, and recommends a more vigorous policy of prospecting. Prospecting has been confined principally to Terry’s licence block on the mountainous ridge running north-west to southeast approximately 900 feet above the Yanawai River, and 1600 feet above sea level. Fourteen adits were put in at varying distances on both the east sides of the ridge, showing 25 to 50 feet of backs.

In every instance the material located by the lodes was andesite pug or tufts, carrying gold of an unpayable value. It was evident from the work done, Mr. Hylton states, that the adits had been put it at too high a position on the ridge, consequently they were overlying what might be the lode proper. Had they been put in at the bottom of the ridge they would have shown backs of 250 feet. Instructions had been given to put in

p. 72

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Cubic yards 961,000 931,000 958,000 Bullion, oz 17,009 16,259 16,079 Gold, fine oz 11,837 11,292 11,186 VALUE- Aust. currency .. *£103.573 *£98,805 £97,877 Per cubic yd. .. 25 86d 25.49d 24.52d Working profit .. £77,227 £72,695 £71,820 *At £A8/15/- per fine ounce.

Pacific Curios

Wanted To Purchase

An English Museum invites correspondence from persons in possession of unique specimens of Pacific Islands Natives’ Arts and Crafts, and old Curios. Ancient skulls will be considered as of especial interest, but must be of undoubted authenticity and have a definite Ethnological value. “Junk” of any description is not required, and only first-class Museum pieces will be of interest. Write, giving particulars in full detail, to —

The Curator

Cranmore Ethnographical

MUSEUM Walden Road, Chislehurst, Kent England GOLD

Highest Prices

Prompt Settlements

Accurate Weights And

ASSAYS are assured to producers and sellers of gold bullion who forward their consignments to The Electrolytic Refining and Smelting Co. of Aust. Ltd. for treatment and realisation.

RECORD PRICE.— On 6th March, 1935, this company paid to its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine ounce, which is the highest price ever paid for gold in Australia.

SPECIALLY ORGANISED SER- VICE is available to clients in New Guinea, Fiji and other Pacific Island centres.

Address consignments from outside Australia to the Company’s Sydney office.

Weighing a Pacific Islands consignment of gold bullion at an E.R. & 8. receiving office.

The Electrolytic Refining & Smelting Co.

OF AUSTRALIA LIMITED.

Melbourne: Works: Sydney: Collins House. Port Kembla, N.S.W. 25 O’Connell Street.

Purchasers and Refiners of Gold, Silver, Copper in any form BANKERS.—The English, Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd. two adits from the eastern side at the bottom of the ridge. There are many leaders on the east side of the ridge, where free gold can be obtained by dish washing, and should these adits now going in prove unsuccessful it may be necessary to sink a shaft and crosscut, or further test the country on this side by diamond drilling. Mr. Hylton adds that during his visit two more prospecting blocks, of 500 acres each, and north of Roger’s block, had been pegged out and the lines cut, but the prospects were not encouraging enough to warrant spending the money on their application, and they had been abandoned. A block of approximately 250 acres, lying between East Reefs and Vatukaisia and Mt. Kasi, had been pegged, and application made for a prospecting licence. It was on this block that good prospecting values were obtained.

From New Guinea

Gold Prospecting And Development

(NEW GUINEA) N.L.

Mr. K. W. Steedman. manager of Gold Prospecting and Development (New Guinea) N.L., advised on October 19 that the directors have let a contract for the sinking of a shaft to 130 feet on the syndicate’s property at Tatau Island, New Guinea.

The contractor has commenced work.

UPPER WATUT GOLD ALLUVIALS N.L.

Mr. Colin Mackay, chairman of directors of Upper Watut Gold Alluvials N.L., New Guinea, in company with Mr. G. Annesley, an American mining engineer, who has had considerable experience in the handling of sluicing propositions in all parts of the world, have arrived on the company’s area in New Guinea. Mr. J. H. McColl is acting as alternate director for Mr. Mackay during his absence.

The last progress report of constructional work stated: Benching excavation on race line completed. Trestle erection commenced. Manufacture of reinforced concrete pipes proceeding well, and 600 ft of pipes have been completed. Reinforced concrete pipes are now being delivered to No. 4 tunnel, and the laying of them has commenced.

Excavation of No. 4 tunnel has been completed, and excavation of Nos. 2 and 3 tunnels has been commenced. Sawmilling machinery has been extended to increase output, and the timber tramline constructed from mill to Watut River to facilitate transport of sawn timber. The offtake weir foundations are completed, and the weir superstructure is in course of construction. Despite sickness among native labourers it is expected that the time schedule arranged for completion of civil and hydraulic constructional works will be adhered to.

IROWAT GOLD ALLUVIALS N.L.

It is anticipated that Irowat Gold Alluvials N.L., New Guinea, will commence sluicing with about five units in April next. The management reports that the design of the plant, the survey, and the civil hydraulic constructional work are proceeding under the direction of Mr. D. J. Mc- Clelland. Field notes of the survey of the major portion of the water-race line arrived by last mail from New Guinea. The initial method of operation wdl be by ground sluicing, while the lower parts of the property will be treated later by hydraulic elevators. The water for sluicing will be obtained from the Iroa Creek. The working head of water on the property at the junction of the Iroa Creek and the Watut River will be 200 feet. The constructional works are of a simple nature, and do not present any difficult engineering problems, as the country to be traversed by the proposed race and the site for the offtake weir on the Iroa Creek are ideal.

On November 9 the company advised that a contract has been let for the construction of the race line. The contractor was to commence work with 200 native boys on the 11th. Plans and specifications for the work are being prepared and will be despatched to New Guinea by the next outward mail.

The nominal capital of the company is £lOO,OOO in 800,000 shares of 2/6 each. Shares payable for consideration other than in cash number 212,250, while the contributing shares number 587,750. The directors of the company are Messrs. Colin Mackay,.

D. J. McClelland, and F. T. Leahy, and the legal manager is Mr. A. E. Llewellyn, 430 Little Collins Street, Melbourne.

BULOLO GOLD DREDGING LTD.

Production of the four dredges of the Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. for October, compares with that of the previous two periods, as follows: — From about middle November No. 2 dredge will be closed down for approximately six weeks, during which the digging depth will be increased 7ft. 6m. and special gold-saving equipment will be added.

GUINEA GOLD N.L.

Directors of Guinea Gold N.L. have declared a dividend of a share, subject to variation in the present rate of exchange between Vancouver, Canada, and Sydney, payable on December 24.

Transfer books will be closed from November 1/ to November 24, both days inclusive. The company paid a dividend of a share on January „0.

ORIOMO EXPLORATIONS LTD.

Oriomo Explorations Limited advise that Mr.

George More reports, following an inspection of the Bulolo consolidated areas, that boring results to date on the southern end of the terrace areas are most satisfactory, and that boring is being continued. He estimates that boring will occupy another three months to complete. He states that the terrace gravels appear to be definitely remnants of old river channels of which bedrock is above the level of the Bulolo River and grading generally in the direction of the river flow, a feature advantageous to sluicing operations. Geophysical investigations of the pastoral areas so far completed indicate several extensive areas of interest varying in depth from 40ft. to 60ft., and where attractive gold prospects have been obtained by panning subsequently.

ENTERPRISE OF NEW GUINEA N.L.

Enterprise of New Guinea N.L. has been advised by its general manager in New Guinea (Mr. Harold ’ Taylour) that on the Surprise Creek area he has treated 1250 cubic yards of overburden, and 410 cubic yards of wash dirt for a return of 270 z retorted gold. Mr. Taylour states that it is essential to treat large quantities, and he is therefore proceeding as rapidly as circumstances permit with the construction of the Iroa Creek-Watut River water race. Seventy natives are engaged on this work. A further message states that production for October on Surprise Creek and other areas was 69cz retorted gold from 835 cubic yards.

EQUATORIAL GOLD EXPLORATION (N.G.

AND N. BRITAIN) SYNDICATE N.L.

In their first annual report, directors of Equatorial Geld Exploration (New Guinea and New Britain) Syndicate N.L. state that the company was formed with the primary object of despatching an expedition under Dr. J. R. Atcherley, to penetrate the Nakanai district in New Britain to locate gold deposits. Areas visited were not suitable. An option was obtained over prospects of L. Schmidt, in respect of an area in the Upper Sepik, and an expedition was to have left on February 14, but a few days earlier the Administration closed the territory, so that nothing could be done in the meantime. Dr. Atcherley then visited New Guinea and obtained options on the upper Ramu River, now held by the company, the dredging claims covering a length of eight miles, by 15 chains wide. An option over a lode area some miles distant from the Ramu property, was taken, which was disposed of to Barola Gold Reefs N.L., out that company was abondoning the property.

Mr. J. W'. McComas (chairman of directors), who presided at the annual meeting of shareholders, said that the pits sunk under contract on the property on the Upper Ramu River, New Guinea, had not penetrated the wash owing to water difficulties.

An extension of the option to the company had been obtained to the end of the year. Mr. J. M.

Spence, mining engineer, regarded the upper area as valuable, but recommended that about 50 more pits be put down to gain a reasonable estimate of yardage and values. Mr. Spence also recommended that a few bores be sunk on the lower area. Instructions had been given him to supervise the pitting, and this work had been commenced on September 16, with the aid of pumps. It was estimated that about 10 weeks would be required to complete these operations. As to the J^ 1 P bur deposit on Lolobau, an open order for 10,000 tons 70 November 20, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 73

Gold Mining Plant

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UPPER SEPIK GOLD SYNDICATE N.L.

A wireless message has been received by the management of Upper Sepik Gold Syndicate N.L. from its representative in New Guinea (Mr. H.

Williams), who has been testing the option of the •company near Wau, New Guinea, stating that he has built up the property to 2000 acres. Mr. J. M.

Spence, mining engineer, of New Guinea, has been check-sampling on the areas, and it is understood that his report is favourable. Mr. Williams advises that he will shortly leave Wau for Melbourne and the position will be discussed with the directors on his arrival. In the meantime the question -of forming an operating company will be held in abeyance. The report forwarded on the completion of the testing stated that the tests show that there are 3,000,000 cubic yards of ground, showing values of 10/- a yard, 1.000,000 yards giving values of 8/- a yard, and 2,000,000 yards of a value ■of 5/- a yard. He reports that there are 4,000,000 yards that have not been tested, and which give rgood dish prospects.

Placer And Bulolo Companies

Placer Development Ltd., Canada, has declared an interim dividend of 50 cents Canadian currency, and Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. an interim dividend •of 1 dollar 40 cents a share. The companies have large holdings in New Guinea. Both dividends payable to shareholders in Australia and New Guinea were subject to 5 per cent, absentee tax, plus exchange, and were payable on November 12.

The dividend of Placer Development is equal to about 2/6, and on Bulolo Dredging about 7/1 a share in Australian currency. On July 9 last, the Placer company paid a dividend of 2 dollars 40 cents a share, equal to 11/9, and Bulolo 1 dollar 20 cents, equal to 5/10)4. Since then, shares of 5 dollars each in the Placer company have been subdivided into shares of one dollar each. Transfer Looks of both companies will be closed from November 13 to November 30, both days inclusive.

AVOCA DEVELOPMENTS N.L.

Avoca Developments N.L., a Melbourne mining company, which holds options over 10 properties in Victoria, has taken an option over three leases on the Middle Watut River, New Guinea, embracing about 430 acres of alluvial flats and terraces and river bed. Preliminary investigations indicate that there were good grounds to believe that the area contained several million yards of washflirt, and the leases are suitable for ground sluicing on a large scale. The leases have been worked in a small way by the vendors using primitive sluiceboxes. A team of 30 boys under the supervision of an experienced prospector is due to arrive at the property, and testing will commence immediately.

This is expected to take about three months. Passengers can be flown to the nearby aerodrome, but cannot be flown out again, and must return cn foot. This is one of the reasons why these leases were not previously exploited in a large way.

WATUT OPTIONS N.L.

An extraordinary meeting of shareholders of Watut Options N.L. was held in Melbourne on November 14 to consider a resolution that the company should be wound up voluntarily, and that the assets should be distributed. Shares held by the company in Developments (New Guinea) N.L. will be distributed in the proportion of one share in that company for two shares held in Watut Options; shares remaining after this distribution will be balloted for.

BULOLO GOLD DEPOSITS LTD.

The directors of Bulolo Gold Deposits, Limited, have accepted an offer of £lO,OOO cash from Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. for approximately 210 acres of the former company’s property at Wau, New Guinea. The portion comprises river flats suitable for dredging purposes only, and which could not have been operated by the selling company. Bulolo Gold Deposits retains the whole of its terrace property, amounting to approximately 420 acres, where its sluicing operations are being carried on. It retains, also, its water rights. Sluicing on the present limited scale is reported to have shown a profit during the last year. When the present directorate was appointed last October there was a mortgage debenture of £lOOO over the company’s assets, and no funds were then available. The company has since paid off the debenture and has now at its disposal funds in excess of' £11,500.

DEVELOPMENTS (N.G.) N.L.

Directors of Developments (New Guinea) N.L. have under consideration a large area of dredgable ground in new country. Information in regard to the area is encouraging, and arrangements have been made for a preliminary inspection. After consideration of reports on No. 1 area at Watut, known as Theobold and Hydes, and in view of the high price asked for the property, the option has been abandoned. Other properties under offer to the company have been considered, but it has been decided to concentrate on the first-mentioned property, owing to its possibilities.

From Papua MISIMA UNITED N.L.

Mr. H. F. Pearson, the engineer of Misima United N.L., Papua, reports that operations on the Louisiade leases of the company have been suspended, and that work is being commenced on the Patricia leases, where satisfactory assays were obtained over a fair length. Since last report 230)4ft. of driving and crosscutting had been completed, the smaller progress being due to sickness among the men and the increasing hardness of the ground.

GOLD MINES OF PAPUA LTD.

At an extraordinary general meeting of Gold Mines of Papua, Limited, in Canberra, at the end of October, a resolution was agreed to increasing the capital from £60,000 to £135,000, by the creation of 300,000 more shares of 5/- each, to provide funds for the equipment of the mine. A report from the board stated that at Misima Island, although the ore reserves were not completely blocked out, the directors considered the results indicated sufficient tonnage to warrant a treatment plant. The chairman (Mr. F. G. Pratten) said that representations had been made to the Commonwealth Government by the Papuan Administration and residents of Papua for direct and regular communication between Sydney and Misima and Woodlark Islands. On both islands there was great activity, and in the near future more than £lOO,OOO a year would be spent there on wages alone by mining companies.

CUTHBERT’S MISIMA GOLD MINE LTD.

Cuthbert’s Misima Gold Mine Limited was regis- 71

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1933

p. 74

Mid-Sept.

Mid-Oct.

Mid-Nov.

Aloha Central .. b£35 b£22 b£9/10/- Bulolo Deposits.. bll^d sl/blO^d Bulolo G.D b£8/7/b£7/10/b£7/19/- Day Dawn (N.G.) b8^d b7d b3d Day Dawn (Sth.) b3d b6d b2d East Reefs b£ 16/10/b£6 b£S/10/- Edie Ck b£2/10/b£3 s£3/5/- Emperor Co b27/9 h23/\y 2 b20/- Enterprise of N.G. b2/7 b7/6 b67/6 Fiji Corp b £6/5/b£4 s£9 Fiji Gold s£3/10/b£3 G.M. of Papua .. bl3/7 bl3/3 bl3/6 Golden Terraces.. s£5 si 2/6 Goldmines of Fiji b£23 b£12 b£10 Guinea Gold s21/6 s20/5 s20/l Koroere b25/3 b22/2 sl7/- Loloma s95/b34/9 b36/- Mineral Dev b7/7 b4/3 b2/9 Morobe Alluv. .. s5/s3/6 bl/- Mt. Kaindi (pd.) s6d bid s6d Mt. Kasi b20/6 bl9/6 bl6/4^ Mt. Lawson .... s£99b£26 b£26 Nasivi Syn bl7/slO/- New Morobe b £ IS b£6 b£3/15/- N.G.G. Ltd b6/2 b6/b6/l Oil Search b3/6 b3/6 s4/- Oriomo Exp b4/3 b4/10 b3/6 Placer Dev b£5/7/b£S/3/b £5/1/6 Raki Raki s£l s£l/10/s2S/- Samarai (pd.) ... bl/bl/s2/6 Sandy Ck b2/7 h2/7'A s3/- Sukulaki s25/- — sl5/- Sunshine Gold .. bl4/9 bl2/9 bl2/2 Tavua Dev bl3/9 b5/7 b3/9 Potola b7/3 s6/6 — Up. Sepik s £10/10/s£9/10/b£9 Up. Watut b7/2 b7/6 b7/l Vees United b8d b8d sl/- Yodda G’field .. blld b9d blOd PUMPMOBIL Light and Portable

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Telegraphic Address: “Starshovel,” Sydney Also Stone Forks, Digging Forks, etc. tered in Port Moresby under the Papuan Companies Ordinance late in October. The co. has a nominal capital of £200,000 in shares of 10/- each.

The registered office is care of Mr. R. D. Bertie, Port Moresby. First directors are Hon. Tom Nevitt, Messrs. R. D. Bertie, H. G. Carter, Frank Hambridge, and C. G. Rutledge (of Queensland).

The company reports that the mine was taken over from the vendors on October 24, and the mill and treatment plant on October 27. As from October 27 the mill was working three shifts daily on the company’s account. The managing director (Mr. F. Hambridge) has arrived at the co.’s property at Misima on a tour of inspection.

MISIMA GOLD REEFS (N.G.) N.L.

At a meeting of Misima Gold Reefs (N.G.) N.L., Misima, Papua, on October 28, Mr. W. Blewett, who presided, in referring to the extension of the option to Oroville Dredging Co. Ltd., London, said that the object of the Oroville Company was to put down three winzes 100 ft. deep to test a lode that had assayed s.6dwt of gold a ton from development work, and determine whether the lode and values lived down. This work should be completed in January, by which time the Oroville Company will have expended about £20,000 in test ing the option. The work in the three months would involve an expenditure to the Misima Company of approximately £3OOO. Shareholders were given an assurance that they would be called together again at the termination of the option to discuss the decision that would be forthcoming from the Oroville Company.

MANDATED GOLD OPTIONS N.L.

Mr. A. Christie, manager of Mandated Gold Options N.L., operating at the Moresby King mine on the Astrolobe goldfield, Papua, reports the following progress; Crosscut No. 1 adit from 100 feet extended 4 feet; very hard and a little water now making, now 19 feet. No. 2 extended 6 feet, now 10 feet from opening set in mixed ore. No. 3 (4) Crosscut extended to 57 feet all in ore body.

Crosscutting and driving for the week ended October 24 total 16 feet.

Gold Shares

South Seas Companies’ Recent Fluctuations

Morobe Goldfield

Mining Warden’s Reports THE monthly report made to the New Guinea Administration by the Mining Warden of the Morobe goldfield covering operations of the various companies during September, stated:— Gold and silver exported during September amounted to approximately 24,243 ounces, valued at £A140,487, an increase of £A32,083 over August production.

Geological Survey. Geological reconnaissance work proceeded in the Langimar locality; the party is expected to return in October.

Staff.—Mr. A. E. Fry joined the Mines Department Staff at Wau, on September 27, as Inspector of Mines and Machinery.

Day Dawn South (N.G.) N.L.—No. 1 vein—34o ft. level: North Drive off West X cut has been advanced 37ft. Total 172 ft. At 155 ft. in the lode was met with and the drive has been continued in ore.

Sunshine Gold Development Ltd.—Consolidated Watut Claims: Benching and ditching of the Baiune Water Race was in progress between the water race intake and the inverted syphon site. Transport: 90,000 lbs. of plant and machinery and sundry cargo was transported from Bulwa aerodrome. The final shipment of pipes, etc., arrived at Lae on September 19, and about 150 tons are still at Lae awaiting transport to Bulwa. Building Construction: No. 5 staff quarters was completed and a native hospital was also erected. Sunshine Leases: Drilling and testing by timbered shafts was in progress.

Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd.—Sluicing was carried on continuously during the day in Flat Creek. Two sets of 4 feet boxes, 72 feet each in length, were in use, and three monitors were in operation. The water was used during the night for flushing tailings from the tail-race. All timber has been felled in Flat Creek up to the southern boundary of the lease. Repairs were carried out on the bridge crossing the Co.’s water-race at Kunai Creek, which is situated in New Guinea Goldfields’ agricultural lease. A line of 69 natives were employed during the period. The health of same was good. Four Europeans were employed and no sickness prevailed.

New Guinea Goldfields Ltd.—Edie Lode No. 1: No. 1 shaft sunk an additional 46 feet to a total of 420 feet below the collar. Edie Lode No. 4: No. 3 level, winze, sunk 3 feet and stopped, at 32 feet, owing to water. Karuka Lode: Haulage crosscut advanced 93 feet to a total of 913 feet from the portal. Shaft sunk 25ft. to a depth of 80ft. below the collar. No. 1 level crosscut to shaft, from haulage crosscut (at intersection with No. I level drive), commenced and advanced 83 feet from centre of crosscut. Diamond drill hole No. 3 put down a further 131 feet to 385 ft.

Koranga Gold Sluicing Ltd.—Tribute: Removal of slide from open cut caused two weeks’ delay.

Advanced upstream 100 feet. Wau Race: Resumed work on removal of slide on September 22. No. 1 Face; Rail race bringing in fall advanced 150 feet. Adit, New Guinea Goldfields Ltd.—Advanced to 338 feet; crosscut advanced to 110 feet.

Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd.—The Co.’s aircraft made 77 trips, delivering approximately 223 short tons of freight from Lae, Bulowat and Bulolo aerodromes. The four dredges were in operation throughout the month and handled 931,000 cubic yards for a yield of 16,259 unrefined ounces of gold.

The hydraulic elevator and boxing operations at the upper end of the property handled 4,464 cubic yards, which yielded 520 unrefined ounces of gold.

Drilling and Testing: Examination of the Bulolo Gold Deposits mining leases was completed, and testing commenced on other properties in the Wau district. Three power drills on the Bulolo property accomplished 1,387 feet of drilling and three shifts were engaged in sinking test shafts. Further progress was made with the erection of steel poles on the Bulowat-Bulolo power line. Co.’s total employees at September 30 were: White 240, Chinese 5, natives 965.

Progress in August THE following extracts are taken from the August report of the Mining Warden of the Morobe goldfield, New Guinea: — Gold and silver exported during the month was 19,1110 z., valued at £A108,404.

Geological Survey: The early part of the month was occupied in a geological inspection of a small area in Quambo Creek. During the latter part of the month the geologist joined a District Services patrol party and proceeded to Langamar locality to engage upon geological reconnaissance work.

Bulolo Gold Deposits, Ltd.: Sluicing operations were carried on continuously during day shift in 72 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 75

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Timber was felled and burnt ahead of working operations up to the southern boundary of the Co.’s lease. Pit-sawing with two saws, was in operation during the whole of the period. Four Europeans and a line of 69 natives were employed.

Koranga Gold Sluicing, Ltd.: Sluicing continued at No. 1 face throughout the month, the results being satisfactory. Tail race from the Bulolo has been advanced 130 ft. from the open cut. Progress was retarded on account of landslides which occurred below Little Wau intake; the slides curtailing the water supply.

Sunshine Gold Development, Ltd.; Benching of the race was completed excepting for several chains of rock work near the intake. Ditching of the race commenced on August 13, and one mile of ditching was completed. About 72,0001 b. of cargo and plant were transported from Bulwa ’drome.

The inverted syphon pipes were placed at suitable positions along the proposed line ready for rivetting and screwing. The Sunshine leases were being ’ tested by pitting and drilling. The number of Europeans engaged was 17, and number of natives, 358.

Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd.: The Co.’s aircraft made 65 trips and delivered approximately 182 short tons of freight at Bulowat and Bulolo ’dromes. All four dredges were in operation throughout August, and handled 961,000 cubic yards, which yielded 17,0090 z. of unrefined gold. Testing of Bulolo Gold Deposits, Ltd.’s leases was continued. Almost 1980 ft. of drilling was aecomplished by three power drills on the Bulolo Dredging Co.’s property at Bulolo. Another 3000 ft. of steel poles was completed on the Bulowat-Bulolo power line.

The elevator and boxing operations on the upper end of Bulolo property handled 4811 yards of dirt which yielded 4710 z. of unrefined gold. Except for a light form of influenza which affected a number of the white and native labour, the health of the employees was quite good.

M rs. W. Dupain, wife of Messrs. Burns, Philp’s manager at Port Moresby, returned to Papua with her two daughters, Misses L. and D. Dupain, by the Montoro in mid- November.

Edie Creek Notes From Our Own Correspondent EDIE CK., Oct. 3.

MR. J. CURRY, in charge of the electrical plant of N.G.G., Ltd., met with a serious accident whilst working on a pole recently. Coming in contact with a live wire carrying 11,000 volts, he was severely burnt and thrown to the ground.

He is now in Wau Hospital and is making satisfactory progress. Mr. Chas. Orr, who has taken over the duties of Mr. Curry, was recently discharged from the Wau Hospital, where he was admitted suffering from the effects of an electrocution on the main power line a couple of months ago.

Mr. W. C. Abbie has returned from his health trip South, and is working his claim on the Merri again. A 15oz. slug, recovered a few days after his return, was his welcome home.

Mr. Burns, N.G.G. mine manager at Edie Creek, has resigned and is at present in Wau.

Mr. and Mrs. Alex. Malcolm, of the “Merri Mack” Lease, have left the Merri and are now residing in Wau.

Mr. Russ V. Wild, who was tributing on the “Royal” Lease, is now mining on the Bulolo.

Mr. Arch. Lyall, previously employed on the “Eldorado” Lease, has now joined N.G.G., Ltd., staff.

Mr. W. Topping, of New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., has been transferred to Golden Ridges.

Mr. Hartigan has taken up residence at Edie Creek in the employ of the Wau Carrying Co.

Mr. Dick Campbell has finished up at Day Dawn Ltd., and joined the N.G.G. staff. Mr. J. Ashcroft is now caretaker at Day Dawn.

Mr. McKenzie has left “Developments” and is now on the Watut River.

Mr. W. W. (“Nobby”) Clark has returned from three months’ holiday in Sydney, and is at present staying at Edie Creek Hotel.

Mr. Peacock, late of Innisfail, North Queensland, has joined N.G.G., Ltd., hydraulicing staff.

A recent new arrival at Lae was Master David Collins, aged about ten days or so. This young man first saw the light of day at Salamaua early in September and has already taken his place in the social life at Lae—particularly at night, when he raises his voice in “song.”

Souvenir Book Of Pacific

ISLES New Publication, Richly Illustrated THE world is an open book to the inveterate globe trotter; but the stayat-home also has a chance now and then of enjoying a tour, be it only a mental journey, when he comes across a book such as “Picturesque Isles of the South Seas.”

This attractive volume depicts some of the lure and beauty of Papua, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Its 64 pages contain reading matter and a wealth of camera studies which give the reader pleasure both by the intrinsic loveliness of the pictures themselves and their superb reproduction. Toned art paper has been used and the cover displays a line design in full colour by Walter Jardine, whose work is deservedly admired. This volume is 3/6 per copy, post free, and is a delightful memento to send abroad as well as to friends at home. It can be procured from the bookstalls or from Messrs.

Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., 7 Bridge St., Sydney. 73

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1933

p. 76

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Write for Quotations for all types of Mining Machinery.

Mr. Jack Hides

First Book is Published r I ’HE first book written by Mr. Jack A Hides (in 1934) was published in London by Messrs. Blackie on October 10, 1935. It is called “Through Wildest Papua,” and it is a fascinating account of various patrols carried out in more or less unexplored parts of Papua by Mr. Hides when he was a Patrol Officer.

The book is divided into two main sections. The first section is concerned principally with a patrol into the Loloipa valley in Central Papua, to capture cannibals and murderers; while the second section of the book describes very vividly the adventures encountered in an expedition which took the patrol right over into the Morobe district, in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. In the latter expedition Mr. Hides had some extraordinary experiences with the Kiapou pygmies; and, later, he was saved from starvation by Baum, the well known Morobe prospector, who shortly afterwards was murdered by the Kukukukus.

“Through Wildest Papua” has been very flatteringly reviewed by the Australian newspapers; and this, together with the publicity recently received by Mr. Hides, should have ensured a good sale in Australia. Unfortunately, however, the publishers have made the mistake of selling the book at 13/6 (Australian currency) and Australian people will not pay this price for books. “Through Wildest Papua” has been purchased by an American publisher, and British and American sales should compensate for missed opportunities in Australia.

Mr. Hides will return to Papua in December. In the meantime, he has completed a new book dealing with his recent exploratory expedition into the unknown centre of New Guinea. This book already has been sold and will be published in London early in 1936. It probably will be called “The Papuan Wonderland,” or something like that. We have seen the manuscript, and prophesy that the book will be a “winner.”

’Plane Crash At

SALAMAUA Another Carpenter Machine Wrecked ANE of W. H. Carpenter and Co.’s D.H. 6l aeroplanes, piloted by G. J. I.

Clark, crashed while taking off from the Logui aerodrome, Salamaua, New Guinea, on October 24. Though the machine was wrecked beyond repair, the pilot was not seriously injured.

Another ’plane to replace the D.H. 61 has been purchased in London by the company and will shortly be shipped to New Guinea by the W.R.C. line.

This is the second mishap that has befallen the Carpenter air fleet within a month. Three weeks earlier one of the company’s Dragon Moths crashed into the treetops at Black Cat Creek, while flying between Salamaua and Wau. The pilot, Colin Ferguson, died from injuries while being taken to Wau Hospital.

Situated in swamp land, the Salamaua ’drome becomes extremely treacherous after heavy rains, making it very difficult for ’planes to take off and land with safety. Recently it has been receiving the attention of the New Guinea Administration’s public works department and the runway of several hundred yards was being repaired.

Rising steeply as they take off towards the sea, the aeroplanes bank, then turn to commence the sharp climb to 6000 ft., which is necessary to fly across the rugged mountain ranges. From Salamaua to Wau the trip occupies less than 20 minutes, but there is no possible landing ground between the two townships in the event of bad weather or engine trouble.

Mr. P. J. O’Brien, of Kulumbangra, Solomon Islands, arrived in Sydney by the Malaita on November 8. He has been in the group for 17 years and after furlough in Australia will return to Stanmore Estate in the Solomons in January.

Rabaul Notes

From Our Own Correspondent RABAUL, Nov. 4.

THE wedding ceremony took place at St.

George’s Church on November 2 of Miss Mervyn Pitt, of Melbourne, and Mr. Rus Beaver, of the N.G. Expropriation Board staff.

The service was conducted by Archdeacon de Voil.

Dr. E. T. Brennan, Director of Public Health, who has been in Australia attending the Pacific Medical Conference, returned by the Tanda. Dr.

Brennan took away with him the Mapos “mummy," which he handed over to experts in Canberra for an opinion. No official statement has yet been made as to its probable origin or date.

The Cosmopolitan Hotel has changed hands.

Mr. M. J. Willmott has taken over the license from Mr. Monck. The latter departed for south by the Van Rees. Mr. Willmott was at one time a member of the New Guinea Police Force, but resigned some time ago and spent some months on the goldfields.

The German Club has transferred its quarters from the old club rooms to the Cosmopolitan Hotel.

The presentation of trophies to members of the Rabaul District Lawn Tennis Association took place in the B.P. club rooms recently. The Hon.

H. H. Page, in the absence of the president (Mr.

J. Ahern), presented the B.P. cup to Mr. A. K.

Whiteman for the men’s singles championship.

Mrs. Cartledge won the cup for the ladies’ singles championship.

Mr. D. S. Davies, the local chemist, will leave by the next Neptuna for a health trip to Western Australia.

Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Robinson departed by the Salamaua for a trip to England. Mr. Robinson, who is attached to the Treasury staff, is proceeding on long leave.

The son and daughter of Captain and Mrs.

Macco, who were resident in the Kavieng district during the German time, arrived from Europe recently by the Salamaua. They are staying with their grand-aunt, Mrs. Schmidt, at Rainau.

Mr. “Jerry” Cummins, well-known by older residents as Secretary for Lands during the military occupation, has been spending some months in the Territory in the interests of Australian mining companies. He departed recently for Newcastle, N.S.W.

Farmer Papuan Officials Death From Our Own Correspondent PT, MORESBY, Oct. 26.

THE death occurred in Samarai Hospital on October 21 from blackwater fever of Mr. Frederick Headon, formerly of the Papuan Public Service and latterly prospector and miner in the Northeastern Division of the Territory.

Mr. Headon, who had been seriously ill for some days, was picked up by the Laurabada at Baniara on her eastern trip and brought into Samarai unconscious.

He died in hospital an hour after admit- The late Mr. Headon was born in Devonshire, England, in 1886, and came to Papua in 1913, joining the Public Service as Overseer in the Public Works Department. In 1917 he was appointed Gaoler at Samarai, and in 1925 Inspector of Native Plantations. In July, 1931, he became Controller of Native Coffee Plantations in the Northern Division and remained in that position until his retirement on superannuation in March this year.

Mr. G. Barker, mine manager of Aloha Central Gold Mines N.L., at Tavua, Fiji, has completed his term of engagement and returned to Australia to take up a position as manager of a Victorian mine.

Mr. J. Rowe, mine foreman of Aloha, has now been appointed manager.

Mr. Ward Williams, American mining expert, who has been directing operations in Papua for Messrs. Oroville Dredging Co., Ltd., arrived in Sydney by the Montoro on November 7. He left for a vacation in Honolulu, Hawaii, by the Lurlme, on November 13. 74 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 77

At Blue Mountains

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M. E. DURAND, Principal. ii Ruston” and “Lister” Marine Diesel Engines and Marine Auxiliaries Stocks of Representative sizes always on hand, available for immediate delivery

Special Features:—

Cold Starting, Compression Ignition, Airless Fuel Injection, Four Cycle Principle.

Low Fuel Consumption

Guaranteed and Maintained In Sizes up to 650 B.H.P.

Full particulars from RUSTON & HORNSBY (Aust.) PTY., LTD.

Sydney Melbourne Brisbane

P.O. Box 1569 E P.O. Box 4508 P.O. Box 366 E

New Broadcasting

Station Opened

4PM Port Moresby Now In Operation From Our Own Correspondent.

PORT MORESBY, November 5.

October 25, before a large gathering of residents. Sir Hubert Murray, K.C.M.G. (Lieutenant Governor of Papua), officially opened the new broadcasting station, 4PM, at Port Moresby. It is the first commercial broadcasting station to be erected in the Pacific.

In broadcasting his address, Sir Hubert Murray, stated that Papua had seen many changes since he first came to the Territory, more than 30 years ago, but of all those changes, he considered the establishment of this wireless broadcast transmitter to be in many ways the most remarkable. In declaring the station open, he expressed on behalf of all the residents, their high appreciation of the skill and enterprise of Amalgamated Wireless (A’sia) Ltd. in rendering a great service to the Territories of Papua and New Guinea.

“We shall all benefit by this service,” declared Sir Hubert, “but, in particular, it will be a priceless blessing to those who hold the lonely outposts of these territories, the planters, miners and others, who are far removed from the centres of settlement. It is a lonely and often a monotonous life that these pioneers lead, and I am glad to think that, through the establishment of this service they will feel less cut off from civilisation, and that they are still part of the great world beyond the limits of Papua and New Guinea.”

Following His Excellency’s address, His Honour Mr. Justice Gore, Mr. R. D. Bertie and Mr. E. Frame spoke over the air.

In their addresses they emphasised the satisfaction of all residents in the installation of the new station, and the benefits that would be received by lonely settlers in the far-flung outposts of the Territory.

The new broadcasting transmitter has a “B” class license, and will be on the air for two sessions daily—excepting Sundays —between the hours of 7 and 8 a.m. and 1 and 2 p.m,, transmitting on a wavelength of 221 metres, and 1,360 Kc. These times will be extended if the occasion arises.

Preliminary experiments have been entirely satisfactory. During daylight tests listeners at Wau, Salamaua, Thursday Island and Darwin have reported excellent reception. Reports from various parts of Australia and New Zealand have remarked upon the splendid quality and strength of the night transmission.

Mr. C. F. Dale, manager of Port Moresby Radio Station, who was responsible for the installation of the new plant, advises that for the present the programmes will consist of recorded music, sponsored sessions, and news items —local, Australian and European.

Rev. Maurice Prater, Presbyterian missionary at Paama, New Hebrides, who has been on furlough in Great Britain, will arrive in Melbourne with his wife and daughter by the Maloja on November 25.

After a short stay in Victoria they will return to the Condominium.

How The War Medals

CAME BACK WEWAK (N.G.), October 26. r\VER three years ago a returned soldier in northern New Guinea missed his war medals, which had reposed at the bottom of a box for many years.

The job seemed to be an “inside” one; but, on questioning his house staff, he could get no satisfaction at all. How long they had been missing from the box he was unable to tell. Knowing that they were not of much value to anyone, and that, if a native had them, he could not pass them off as coins, he more or lesa forgot the matter.

Recently, a Patrol Officer on the Sepik River was confronted by a native in a village with two heavy discs, and asked to exchange them for single “marks."

The officer, although himself not a returned soldier, soon found them to be mutilated war medals. The parts carrying the ribbons had been cut away and the edges filed down. Where the native got them from he was—as is usual In such cases—quite at a loss to explain.

Another native had simply given them to him.

The medals were confiscated and duly returned to the rightful owner. 75

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1 935

p. 78

Australia on Papeete Francs to £ Australian Average for week •ended 28/10/35 .. 58.37 Average for week ended 4/11/35 .. 58.41 Average for week ended 11/11/35 .. 58.50 Average for week ended 18/11/35 .. 58.36 Australia on Noumea Francs to £ Australian Average for week ended 28/10/35 .. 58.27 Average for week ended 4/11/35 .. 58.31 Average for week ended 11/11/35 .. 58.40 Average for week ended 18/11/35 .. 58.46 LOnQ ° n - Buying:. Selim*.

Telegraphic transfer .... 0 I On demand £123 0 0 17 6 30 days 122 IS 0 124 IS § 60 days 122 10 0 124 12 i days 122 5 0 124 1* • 120 days 122 0 0 124 7 6 Use - - Modern Direct Wireless Services for Your Communications

With Australia And Overseas

DIRECT WIRELESS SERVICES are available for inter-communication between the Islands of the Pacific and for traffic between the Islands and Australia and overseas countries.

Services are now in operation between Papua and Sydney, New Guinea and Sydney, New Caledonia and Sydney, and Fiji and Sydney. Speedy, economical and efficient service to Australia and overseas.

Route your traffic “Via the Wireless Service.”

For overseas traffic to Great Britain, North and South America, and all European countries, route your message via the Direct Australian

Beam Wireless Service

Lodge Your Messages At Any

Wireless Station Or Island Post

Office Routed “Via Wireless"

Amalgamated Wireless

(A’Sia) Limited

Islands Produce Coffee The following quotations were obtained cn November 18: — Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney: Quote No. 1, 18/- per cwt.; quote No. 2, 19/-; based on 12 guilders.

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. No. 1 quotation: Grade “A,” 44/-; grade “B,” 48/-; grade “C,” 54/-; Triage, 40/-.

No. 2 quotation: Grade “B,” 48/6; Triage, 39/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.: No. 1 quotation, 54/-.

Arabian (Aden), Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney. Quote (a): No. 1, pure, 78/- per cwt. Quote (b); 66/- per cwt.

Harari (Abyssinian), f.a.q. immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney. Quote No. 1, 70/-.

Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges; Exchange (25)4 per cent, in the case of Java), duty (4d lb.), primage (10 per cent.), landing costs (1/- per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on an exchange conversion of 12 gulden to the Australian £, the Australian c.Lf. prices current during November were; Prime Samarang, 3.47 d per lb.; prime Japara, 3.53 d.

Cocoa Quote No. 1; Cocoa beans, £36 per ton.

Quote No. 2: Accra, good fermented, £24/10/per ton, c.i.f. Sydney.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 Quotation: £lO per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

No. 2 Quotation: £B/10/ per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Trocas Shell Quotations for trocas shell obtained in Sydney from two different sources were: (a) Trocas shell, No. 1 grade £99/7/6 Trocas shell, No. 2 grade £9O/15/- Trocas shell, No. 3 grade £77/7/6 (b) Trocas shell, No. 1 grade £99 Trocas shell, No. 2 grade £9O Trocas shell, No. 3 grade £76 All quotes are F. 0.8. and on the Australian £.

Green Snail Shell Good quantity green snail shell was quoted in Sydney in mid-November at £4O per ton.

Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton during the past month were: October 25, 6.14 d lb., November shipment; November 1,6.15 d lb., December shipment; November 8,6.31 d lb., December shipment; November 15, 6.52 d, December shipment.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. or 2001 b. bags, £l2 per ton f.0.b., Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags, £l6/10/- per ton.

Exchange Rates The fallowing exchange quotations, gathered m Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney on November 18: — FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

AND BANK OF NEW ZEALAND.

Australia on Fiji on basis of £h)0 Fiji: Baying £ All 1/2/6, selling £A113/10/-.

Fiji-London on basis £100 London: Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer .. £110 IS 0 £112 0 0 DIRECT TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER.

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £100 Samoa—buying £A100, selling £A100/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £100 m London: —

New Caledonia—Through

FRENCH BANK.

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1 per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea; On November 18, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 58.45 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a credit m Noumea of 5,845 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK.

From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent., an Rabaul 10/- per cent. —other N. Guinea district* £1 per cent. . , From Rabaul on London, same as Australia os London:— .

Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua, £lper cent, premium ea«h way, equivalent to somraission of £1 per cent., Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, prenuum.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same a* Australia on London, and vice versa. 76 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 79

Rubber Plantation London Para Smoked Price on — per lb. per lb.

January 6, 1933 4*d. .. 2.43d.

February 10 .. .. 4Jid. .. 2%d.

March 10 4f*d. .. m d.

April 14 4Hd. .. 2.34d.

May 5 4fid. .. 2.81d.

June 2 .. .. 3.56d.

July 7 .. ..

Skid. . • 3.71d.

August 4 Sj'ad. 4d.

September 1 5d. 3.78d.

October 13 4/ a d. 4d.

November 10 4f*d. .. 4.09d.

December 8 4**d. .. 4.0Hd.

January 5, 1934 4^d. 4.28d.

February 2 4J*d. 4.84d.

March 6 .. .. 5d.

S.lSd.

April 6 .. .. 5d. 5.43d.

May 4 .. ..

SVa d. •• 7d.

June 1 .... syid. 6kid.

July 6 .... sy a d. 7.06d.

August 3 S^d. 7.18d.

September 7 Stfd. .. 7*id.

October 5 Stfd. .. 6?id.

November 16 Skid. 6kid.

December 28 Sd. 6J4d.

January 4, 1935 January 18 5d. 6kid. 4Hd. .. 6.4psid, February 1 4*d. .. 6Jid.

February 22 4kid. .. 6Hd.

March 1 .. .. 4kid. .. e.md.

March 29 .. .. 4Hd. 5.6Hd.

April 5 .... .. 5.4Hd.

April 26 .... 4*4d. ..

Skid.

May 3 .... 4f4d. .. 5 9/16d.

May 31 .. 4Jid. .. 5 5/7d.

June 7 6d.

June 28 5d. 6d.

July S Skid. 5 13-16d.

Skid.

July 19 July 26 ....

W. .. 4fcd. ..

August 2 4*id.

Skid.

August 16 47^d.

Skid.

August 23 .. .. 4j*d. ..

Skid.

August 30 .. .. ■■ 5 ll-16d.

September 6 W. ..

Skid.

September 13 .. 4J*d. ..

Skid.

September 20 .. 4Jid.

S.46Jid.

September 27 .. 47/ 8 d. .. 5.6?id.

October 4 .. ..

S.&Ad.

October 11 .. ..

Skid. .. 6.09kgd.

October 18 .. .. 5j4d. .. ey 4 d.

October 25 .. .. , Skid. .. 6 7-16d.

November 1 .. , 5&d. (Skid.

November 8 6'Ad. 6 15-32d.

November IS 6^d. 6 7-16d.

Copra South Sea, Plantation, Hot-air Dried, London Sun-Dried Rabaul Price on — Per ton c.i.f.

Per ton c.i.f.

January 16, 1931 .. .. £14 7 6 £14 12 6 March 27 .. .. .. .. £14 10 0 £14 12 6 June 26 .... .. .. £11 IS 0 £11 17 6 August 28 .. .. .. .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 December 18 .. .. £14 5 0 £14 10 0 January 1, 1932 .. .. .. £14 10 0 £14 IS 0 March 25 .. .. .. .. £14 17 6 £15 0 0 April 29 £14 15 0 £14 17 6 June 3 .. .. £12 17 6 £13 0 0 July 1 .... .. .. £13 5 0 £13 7 6 August 12 .. .. .. .. £13 17 6 £14 0 0 September 2 .. .. £13 17 6 £14 0 0 October 7 .. .. .. .. £14 5 0 £14 7 6 November 11 .. .. £14 7 6 £14 10 0 December 16 .. .. £14 2 6 £14 5 0 January 6, 1933 .. .. £13 10 0 £13 13 6 February 3 .. .. £12 5 0 £12 7 6 March 3 .... .. .. £11 7 6 £11 10 0 April 28 .... .. .. £10 10 0 £10 12 6 May 26 .... .. .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 June 30 .. .. .. .. £10 17 6 £11 0 0 July 21 .... .. .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 August 4 .. .. .. .. £10 10 0 £10 12 6 September 29 .. .. £9 7 6 £9 10 6 October 20 .... .. .. £8 IS 0 £9 0 0 November 3 .. .. £9 10 0 £9 15 0 December 1 .. .. £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 .. .. £8 0 0 £8 7 6 February 16 .. .. £7 17 6 £8 10 0 March 30 .... .. .. £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 27 .... .. .. £7 7 6 £8 0 0 May 18 .... ,. .. £7 15 0 £8 12 6 June 15 .. .. £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 .. .. £7 17 6 £8 15 0 August 3 .. .. .. .. £8 0 0 £8 17 6 September 7 .. , ,. .. £7 12 6 £8 IS 0 October S .. .. £8 0 0 £9 0 0 November 2 .. , ,. .. £7 15 0 £8 15 0 December 28 .. . .. .. £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4, 1935 .. £9 5 0 £10 5 0 January 25 .. .. £11 10 0 £12 5 0 February 1 .. .. £11 12 6 £12 2 6 February 15 £12 0 e £12 15 0 February 22 .. £12 2 6 £12 17 6 March 1 £12 15 0 March 8 £12 2 6 £12 12 6 March 29 .... £11 0 0 £11 17 6 April 5 £11 IS 0 April 12 £11 17 6 April 19 £10 15 0 £11 17 6 April 26 .... £12 7 6 May 3 £12 12 6 May 10 £12 17 6 May 17 .. £12 0 0 £12 12 6 May 24 £12 12 6 May 31 £11 10 0 £12 2 6 June 7 £11 IS 0 £12 7 6 June 14 £12 2 6 June 21 £10 15 0 £11 5 0 June 28 £10 0 0 £10 10 0 July 5 £10 5 0 July 12 £9 12 6 £10 5 0 July 19 £9 17 6 £10 17 6 July 26 £10 15 0 August 2 £10 15 0 August 9 £10 10 0 August 16 £10 15 0 August 23 £10 15 0 August 30 £9 12 6 £10 12 6 September 6 .. ., £9 17 6 £10 17 6 September 13 .. .. £10 17 6 September 20 .. .. £10 10 0 £11 7 6 September 27 .. .. £10 12 6 £11 12 6 October 4 £12 7 6- October 11 £13 5 0 October 18 .. £13 0 0 £14 0 fi October 25 £13 2 6 November 1 .. .. £14 0 0 November 8 .. .. £12 10 0 £13 15 0 November 15 .. .. £14 2 6 MODERN IN DESIGN IiUSUiM.LLIS^^

Always Safe

OVERHEAD s EASY AND CLEAN TO ERECT » A

They Do Not

Sag Or Crack

Fire-Resistant

No Repairs

LOW COST TO INSTAL

\At*X Metal Ceilings

MD.45 Allen Taylor & Co. Ltd.

SYDNEY Sawmillers and Wholesale Suppliers of Hardwoods for Constructional Purposes . . SLEEPERS, ETC.

GIRDERS PILES POLES EXPORTING TO PACIFIC ISLANDS SINCE 1893 Cables: Tuxedo, Sydney Market Quotations Range of Prices The Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and it regularly publishes the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press.

Scholarships for Islands Children From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 28.

THE Commonwealth Government has been considering a grant for scholarships exclusively for European children of Commonwealth territories.

Mr. Barron, schoolmaster in charge of the Port Moresby European school, was recently informed by the Federated State School Teachers’ Association of Australia, that the Commonwealth had already made a grant per annum to New Guinea for several such scholarships.

In the case of Papua, the Commonwealth stated that this Territory already received a large grant part of which should be set aside by the Administration for such purposes. As a result the Prime Minister’s Department, has informed the Association, that the Lieutenant Governor of Papua, has agreed “to consider each candidate’s admission to secondary education on its merits as it arises, and that the circumstances of the child’s parents would be taken into consideration in arriving at a decision.’’

To gain a scholarship a candidate has to sit for either the Primary Final Examination of New South Wales or the scholarship examination of Queensland. A pass in the Primary examination entitles him to enter a New South Wales High School with free tuition. This already is open to pupils in Port Moresby, and the allowance made to the local government would go towards the expenses of board, etc.

The higher passes in the Queensland examination entitle pupils to free tuition at any Public Grammar School or High School, the cost of tuition being paid by the Government. Candidates gaining lower passes are entitled only to enter a High School.

A question which Mr. Barron considers of vital importance, is whether these territorial scholarships are to be decided exclusively among children of the Territories; or whether they are to be competitive with entrants from either New South Wales or Queensland. This has not yet been decided.

It is hoped by the parents of children in Papua, that the Administration will consider making the scholarship grant a fixed amount.

Reverend Mother Margaret, of the Melanesian Mission’s Sisters of the Cross, who has been in Australia under medical care, recently returned to Siota, S.I. 77

The Pacific Islands Monthly

November 20, 1935

p. 80

M .V. Neptuna Sydney 20 Jan 25-29 Salamaua .. .. 27 Feb S Rabaul 29 Feb 7 Sandakan 8 Feb 16 Manila Dec 11 Feb 19 Hongkong .. ..

Dec 14 ■18 Feb 22-26 Saigon 22 Mar 1 Manila .. .. .. .

Mar 5 Sandakan 29 Mar S Salamaua 6 Mar 16 Rabaul 9 Mar 19 Sydney 16- •17 Mar 26-27 Melbourne 20- 22 Mr 30 -Ap 1 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

Monterey.

Mariposa.

Monterey Honolulu Deo 16 Jan 13 Pago Pago Nov 23 Dec 21 Jan 18 Suva Dec 24 Jan 21 Auckland Nov 29 Dec 27 Jan 24 Sydney, arr.

Dec 2 Dec 30 Jan 27 Melbourne Dec 6-7 Jan 3-4 J.31-F.1 Sydney, dep.

Dec 11 Jan 8 Feb S Auckland ..

Dec 14 Jan 11 Feb 8 Suva Dec 17 Jan 14 Feb 11 Pago Pago .

Jan 15 Feb 12 Honolulu ..

Dec 23 Jan 20 Feb 17 OCEANIC

Steamship Co

., MATSON LINE.

Tanda.

Nankin.

Hongkong Dec 31 Manila Jan 3 Rabaul Jan 11 Brisbane Dec 17 Jan 17 Sydney Dec 19 Jan 19 Melbourne .... D.23-J.1 J.24-F.1 Hobart Feb 3 Newcastle Feb 6 Sydney, dep Feb 12 Brisbane Feb 14 Townsville Feb 17 Rabaul Feb 22 Manila Mar 1 Hongkong Mar 4 E. A A. STEAMSHIP CO., LTD.. A# eaU.

Macdhui.

Montoro.

Sydney Dec 5 Dec 24 Brisbane .. ..

Dec 7 Dec 27 Townsville ..

Dec 10 Dec 30 Cairns .. ..

Dec 11 Dec 31 Pt. Moresby Dec 13 Jan 2 Yule Is — Samarai .. ..

Dec 14 Jan 4 Woodlark Is. ..

Dec 15 Rabaul .. ..

Dec 16-17 Jan 6-7 Lindenhafen Dec 18 Kavieng .. . • Jan 8 Salamaua Lae Dec 19-20 Jan 10-11 Madang ..

Aleiishafcn Dec 21 Jan 12-13 Mumass .. . • Boram Dec 22 — Lombrum .. ..' Lorengau ..

Dec 24 — Madang, opt. ..

Dec 25 Alex’hafen, opt.

Salamaua .. ..

Dec 26 — Finschafen Dec 26 — Pondo .. . .

Jan IS Kavieng ..

Pondo .. [ Dec 28-29 — Rabaul .. .

Dec 30 Jan 16 Salamaua .. . . Jan 1 Jan 18 Samarai .. .

Jan 2 Jan 20 P. Moresby Jan 3 Jan 21 Cairns .. . .

Jan 23 Brisbajne .. .

Jan 7 Jan 26 Sydney .. .

Jan 9 Jan 28 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., , Agents.

M.V. Malaita.

Sydney Nov 16 Jan 4 Brisbane ..

Nov 18 Jan 6 Townsville..

Nov 21 Jan 9 Tulagi .. ..

Makambo Nov 25-26 Jan 13-14 Gavutu .. ..

Jan 15 Su’u .

Nov 27 Mamara..

Domma..

Nov 28 Jan 16 Aruligo..

Nov 28 Lavoro — Yandina..

Banika ..

Nov 29 Jan 16 Ufa .. ..

Lingatu.. — Jan 16 Faiami ..

Younger..

Pepesala Nov,29 Jan 16 Kaylan ..

Jan 17 Meringe .. — West Bay Nov 29 Somata ..

Jan 18 Rendova (opt.) ' Gizo ..

Nov 30 Jan 19 Dec 1 Jan 20 Kieta Dec 2 Jan 21 Arigua ..

Teopasino Numa .. ..

Dec 3 Jan 22 Rabaul Dec 4-5 Jan 23-24 Soraken ..

Dec 6-7 Jan 25-26 Kieta Dec 7 Jan 26 Faisi .. ..

Dec 8 Jan 27 Gizo..

J Dec 9 > Dec. 10-11 Tetipari..

Russell Grou Jan 28 Jan 29-30 Gavutu..

L Dec 12 Jan 31 Tulagi ..

Brisbane ..

Sydney ..

Dec 16 Dec 18 Feb 4 Feb 6 BURNS, , PHILP A CO., LTD. , Agent*.

The Islanders’ Sydney Home . . .

Location BELVEDERE of

81 Baybwater Road, Darlinghurst

Private telephones if desired.

An atmosphere of rest and grateful quietness.

Ideal location.

Near White City Tennis Courts.

Seven minutes to OJ*.O.

Close to Shopping Centre.

Trams stop at gates.

Exclusive.

A fine house with its wealth pleasant old associations.

The Garden Suites, designed on most modern lines.

Excellent grounds with beautifully kept gardens—and dotted with comfortable garden seats.

BELVEDERE is Controlled and Supervised by Island People for Island People TERMS: From £2/12/6 Weekly.

MR. & MRS. C. WAGER (late of Fiji), Proprietors.

Steamships Trading Company Limited

Samarai Port Moresby PAPUA Chairman and Managing Director; A. S. FITCH. _ Shipowners, Wholesale and Retail Merchants and Traders; Shipping, Customs and Insurance Agents; Copra and Rubber Plantation Owners.

Mail Contractors to Commonwealth and Papuan Governments.

AGENCIES:—At Port Moresby: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Phoenbc Ins T u P? nce . , C< kL Sawmills, Ltd.; Acme Bakery Co.; Vacuum Oil Co. Pty. Ltd. At Samarai.

Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Bankers and traders Insurance Co.; National Mutual Life Insurance Co.; Kularo Shipyards, Mamai Plantations.

BRANCHES.—In Papua; Hanuabada, Sivitoi, Aroma, Koki, Hula, Ela Beach, Duga Duga, Yule Island.

SYDNEY: NELSON & ROBERTSON, 12 Spring Street; Melbourne, 396 Flinders Lane; London, E. Whiteaway & Co., 7 Chiswell Street, Finsbury, London. , Cable Address: “STEAMSHIPS.” Code; Bentleys.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong, New Guinea, British Solomon Islands Service

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “Friderun” And S.S. “Bremerhaven”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world For further particulars apply to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, New Guinea, Rabaul.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney.

Shipping' Services in the Pacific Sydney-N. Guinea-Hongkong Central Pacific Services The Union S.S. Co.’s Wairuna (5832 tons) will sail from Sydney with general cargo for Western Samoa on December 6. She will call at Fiji en route to Apia.

The Ngatuka will leave Australia on November 20 with cargo for Fiji. She will visit Lautoka (November 28) and Suva (December 2). After transshipping cargo for Levuka, she will depart for Auckland, New Zealand.

The m.v. Port Whangarei (508 tom), under charter from the Watchlin Line, maintains a fourweekly service between Auckland, N.Z., and Nukualofa, Tonga. She will leave New Zealand on her next trip to Tonga about December 6.

UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Samoa— Hawaii Sydney—Rabaul—Hongkong Sydney—Papua—New Guinea Service Subject to Alteration Without Notice Solomon Islands —N.G. Service Subject to Alteration Without Notice 78 November 20, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

p. 81

Rabaul. Salamaua.

London Jan 12 Teneriffe Nov 9 Jan 19 Sydney Dec 22 Mar 7 Gladstone Mar 15 Rabaul Jan 14 Mar 28 Teneriffe Mar 11 May 20 London Mar 20 May 50 W. R CARPENTER & CO., LTD.

Hongkong Kavieng Madang Salamaua Friderun. Bremerhaven Rabaul Manus Jan 9 Tulagi Kieta Jan 13 Jan 17 Madang Rabaul Jan 29 Hongkong Feb 14 NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD. Agent..

Sydney Dec 19 Jan 17 Noumea Dec 23-25 Jan 21-22 Lifou Dec 26 Jan 23 Vila Dec 27 Jan 24 Luganville Dec 28 Jan 25 Le Dart Dec 29 Jan 26 Suranda — Hog Harbour — Hongkong — Haiphong —— — Saigon — Pt. Sandwich — Vila Jan 27 Lifou Jan 28 Noumea Jan 29-30 Sydney Feb 3 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

Aorangi. Niagara. Aorangi, Honolulu Dec 11 Jan 8 Feb 5 Suva Dec 20 Jan 17 Feb 14 Auckland Dec 23-24 Jan 20-21 Feb 17-18 Sydney Dec 28 Jan 25 Feb 22 Sydney, dep. .. Jan 2 Jan 30 Feb 27 Auckland Jan 6-7 Feb 3-4 Mar 2 Suva Jan 10 Feb 7 Mar 3 Honolulu Jan 17 Feb 14 Mar 6 UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents.

Maunganui . Makura.

Maunganui.

Papeete Nov 30 Dec 28 Jan 25 Rarotonga Dec 3 Dec 31 Jan 28 Wellington Dec 9-10 Jan 6-7 Feb 3-4 Sydney Dec 14 Jan 11 Feb 8 Sydney, dep. ..

Dec 19 Jan 16 Feb 13 Wellington Dec 23-24 Jan 20-21 Feb 17-18 Rarotonga Dec 28 Jan 25 Feb 22 Papeete Dec 30 Jan 27 Feb 24 UNION f S.S. CO., LTD., Agents.

Sydney Nov 28 Dec 19 Dec 31 Lord Howe Is.

Nov 30 Dec 21 Jan 2 Norfolk Island Vila Dec 2 Dec S-6 Dec 7 Dec 23 Jan 4 Bushman's Bay Malo 1 — — Tangoa .. .. 1 Segond .. . .J Dec 7 — — Aoba (opt.) Dec 8 Vila Dec 9 Norfolk Island Dec 12 Dec 24 Jan 4 Lord Howe Is.

Dec 14 Dec 26 Jan 6 Sydney Dec 16 Dec 28 Tan 8 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

A Line Of Five Luxurious Halvorsen-Built Cruisers

Recently Launched From These Yards

At Neutral Bay, Sydney

ggBBf 1 ttliflp SUN » * .

LARS. HALVORSEN, Shipbuilder and Designer.

DISTRIBUTING AGENT FOR THE WORLD RENOWNED MORRIS MARINE ENGINES.

WRITE FOR INFORMATION.

Address: NEUTRAL BAY, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Papuan Inter-Island Service S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route; then Port Moresby to Daru via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu —full trip occupying about one month.

M. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

New Zealand—Samoa N. Government steamer Maui Pomare (1159 tons) is on a regular service between New Zealand ports and Western Samoa, carrying mails, passengers, and cargo.

London—Sydney—New Guinea Subject to Alteration Without Notice Hongkong—New Guinea— Solomon Islands Service New Guinea Inter-Island Service S.S. Maiwara (Burns, Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports.

M.V. Duranbah, m.v. John Bolton, m.v. Desikoko (W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory.

Gilbert and Ellice Islands M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all Islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

Sydney—New Hebrides — Noumea—lndochine S.S. Laperouse.

N.G. Goldfields’ Service Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae two and three times daily for Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfields.

The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Hawaii Sydney—N.Z.—Cook Is.— Tahiti Ocean Island—Nauru Service British Phosphate Commission,. 16 Spring Street, Sydney, sends boats irregularly from Melbourne.

Sydney—Norfolk Island—New Hebrides S.S. Morinda.

p. 82

C. Ramel Verdun Papeete Jan 10-12 Raiatea Jan 13 Vila .. .. Nov 25 Jan 23 Noumea, arr Jan 24 To Panama — Noumea, dep Feb 2 Vila Dec 5-7 Feb 4-5 Raiatea (opt.) .. ..

Dec 15 Feb 13 Papeete Dec 16-18 Feb 14-16 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO..

Agents. w \ & % Essential Services REGULAR DAILY SER-

Vices From Seaports

To All Aerodromes

Through Out The

GOLDFIELDS DISTRICTS.

Charters Anywhere Arranged Holden s Air Transport Services Ltd.

Air Transport, Customs, Shipping and Indent Agents

Salamaua And Wau, New Guinea

Cables: “Holdairco” Salamaua and Sydney SYDNEY OFFICE: 7 WYNYARD STREET. 'Phone: B 4515 Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regularly four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva — trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington —trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A.K. Tui Labasa (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 9 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports —trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakoloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. Latter trip occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

French Eastern Pacific Service By ships running between Marseilles and Noumea, via West Indies and Panama Canal.

From Panama — N. Caledonian Services S.S. Mawatta and S.S. Neo Hebrktats (Societe Tour de Cotes) make regular five-weekly trips, carrying mails and passengers from Noumea along the east coast to Arama, trip occupying 9 days. Also from Noumea to He Belep, via the west coast, voyage taking 8 days. Leaving Noumea on the run up the east coast the vessels call at Yate, Touarou, N. Goye, Kuakue, Thio, Nakety, Canalo, Gouaoua, Houailou, Moueo, Pouerihouen, Tieti, Poindimie, Wagap, Touho, Kokingone, Hieghene, Tao, Outbatch, Pouebo, Balada, Pam, and Arama. Return by same route.

Ports visited on west coast trip are: Bourail, Poya, Mueo, Poumbout, Kone, Voh, Temala, Ouaco, Koumac, Karamble, Tangadiou, Paagoumene, Nehoue, Mouac, Belep, and return by same route. 5.5. Loyaute (Societe des Isles Loyalties) maintains a four-weeks’ service between Noumea and Loyalty Is. Trip occupies 6 days and the vessel calls at Tadine (Mare Is.), Chepenehe and We (Lifou Is.), Fajoue, St. Joseph and Banout (Ouvea Is.). Calls are made occasionally at Isle of Pines and Walpole Is.

New Hebrides Inter-Island 5.5. Mirani (Burns Philp South Sea) Co.

Ltd.), which has replaced the S.S. Makambo, connects every six weeks at Vila with S.S.

Morinda from Sydney, then proceeds on southern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum, and returns to Vila—trip occupying 7 or 8 days. After 2 or 3 days at Vila, departs on northern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Mai, Tongoa, Epi, Paama, Ambryn, Malekula, Aoba. Male. Santo and returns to Vila, trip occupying 25 to 28 days. Vessel extends to Banks Group every second trip equivalent to about every six weeks. 5.5. Bucephale (Messageries Maritimes interisland service steamer) makes regular trips to Tanna every two months, connecting at Vila with the Laperouse. She visits Banks Group every ten weeks.

Saigon—Java—Noumea Line S.S. Van Rees Saigon Dec 10 Vila Jan 6 Batavia Dec 14-16 Noumea Jan 8-10 Samarang ... Dec 17 Sydney Jan 15-17 Pt. Moresby . Dec 26 Pt. Moresby . Jan 24 Samarai Dec 28 Batavia Feb 4-26 Rabaul Dec 30-31 Saigon Mar 2 ROYAL PACKET NAVIGATION CO., LTD.

Wau-Port Moresby A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

Samoan Inter-Island Service A.S. Makoa, 250 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.) operates from Apia and connects regularly with Pago Pago, also Tokelaus, Swain, Nassau, Puka Puka, and Phoenix Groups.

N.G. Public Service

npHE New Guinea Administration’s Bulletin No.

JL 44 announced on October 31 the following changes in the staff of the Public Service: — APPOINTMENTS Miss Alice Thorburn, Nui se, Public Health Dept.; Cedric Robert Croft, Ralph Geoffrey Ormsby, and Neville David McWilliam, Cadets, District Services Dept.; A. F. Bruckshaw, Clerk, District Services Dept, promoted to Clerk, Govt. Secretary’s Dept.; I. Shoobridge, Acting-Registrar-General and Official Trustee, Govt. Secretary’s Dept. * TRANSFERS A. J. Clarke, Mechanic and Linesman, Treasury Dept., Salamaua to Wau; R. R. Foulkes, Medical Assistant, Wewak to Ambunti; H. S. Roberts, Medical Officer, Rabaul, to Wau; R. G. Pickwell, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Kieta; Miss A. Thorburn, Nurse, Rabaul to Salamaua; A. Wilkinson, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Talasea; A. A. Bloxham, Acting A.D.0., Ambunti to Angoram; M.

J. P. A. Pitt, P. 0., Salamaua to Rabaul; A. Nurton, P. 0., Wewak to Madang; E. Taylor, District Officer, Rabaul to Salamaua; H. G. Verey, Cadet, Rabaul to Wewak; E. J. Slee, Clerk, Rabaul to Kokopo; B. W. Brazier, Clerk, Rabaul to Kieta; J. R. Black, Cadet, Rabaul to Salamaua; C. W.

Barnes, Clerk, Kieta to Kavieng; A. E. Fry, Inspector of Mines and Machinery, Salamaua to Wau; C. M. O’Brien, Chainman, Salamaua to Wau; B. A. O’Connor, Assistant Entomologist, Rabaul to Arawe.

Temporary Employees

Appointments: Mrs. M. Bouckley, Assistant Teacher; Miss N. Woodbridge, Typiste, Treasury Dept.; J. W. Cox, Roadmaster; J. G. Hoffman, Roadmaster. Transfers: Miss P. Waugh, Typiste, to Public Works Dept, from Stores Branch; G. W. Stanley, Agricultural Inspector and Instructor, Rabaul to Kieta; C. Hendrick, Roadmaster, Madang to Salamaua.

Aid For Radio Owners

AN apparatus which has been approved by wireless set owners in Australia and Great Britain is now being introduced to the Pacific Islands.

It is called the Milnes H.T. Supply Unit, and its purpose is to eliminate the cumbersome and expensive “B” dry batteries that are the bugbear of every radio owner in the South Seas.

Radio receivers require three distinct forms of current supply: Low tension, grid bias, and high tension. Low tension accumulators are inexpensive and last a long time. They can be recharged periodically at the cost of a few pence. Grid bias batteries cost even less, and are good for a year or so. The supply of high tension (anode) current, however, presents a more difficult problem.

The most widely used source of H.T. supply is the “B” dry batterv. For a month or so the battery functions perfectly; then gradually the volume weakens. Increasing the reaction to restore the lost volume, the set-owner only imposes a still heavier drain upon the battery. Suddenly an ominous crackling from the loud speaker mdicates that the battery is nearing exhaustion and, finally, as it cannot be recharged, it is heaved out.

This new apparatus takes the place of dry batteries, and maintains an even, _ full-strength current. It is recharged automatically from a low tension source of supply—usually from a 6 volt wet battery already in use in the set or from a car battery. The Milnes unit has a potential of 5 volts, and when connected with a 6 volt battery, by means of the charging terminals, a flow of current caused by the 1-volt difference goes into the lower powered unit. This current gradually diminishes as the volume of the Milnes apparatus rises and becomes fully charged.

With normal care and treatment the unit is practically indestructible. The plates and connections are nickel and silver arid a special compound used prevents their corrosion. The life of a Milnes unit is claimed to be at least 20 years.

Readers who are interested in this handy apparatus may obtain pamphlets, explaining technically the system under which it operates, and information from Messrs. Kriesler Australasia Limited, the well-known Australian radio firm, which is the Pacific Islands distributor for the Milnes High Tension Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd. has declared an interim dividend of fid. a share (equal to 10 per cent, yearly) for the quarter ended September 30. 80 November 20, 1 933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Wholly set up and printed in Australia by The Land Newspaper, Ltd., 59 Regent St Sydney and Published by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House.

J 247 George Street, Sydney. Telephone: BW 5037.

p. 83

Lafety- Efficiency- Economy

The Value of Aerial Transport Has Been Convincingly Demonstrated in New Guinea ms ■ |Mgggjg ro ‘ii & / * Lower Left: The interior of a passenger ’plane, New Guinea Airways servis® AERIAL TRANSPORT MADE THE MOROBE GOLDFIELD POSSIBLE in New Guinea, where a few years ago there was only primitive unexplored jungle, there is now a flourishing gold industry. There are several townships, four great modern dredges, many sluicingplants and crushing-mills, two large hydro-electric stations, power transmission lines, motor roads, schools, cinemas, hotels, stores, etc.

All this has been made possible by Aerial Transport. There is no road or track between the Goldfields and the coast. Aeroplanes, flying in all weathers on regular time-tables, have carried in a large European population, thousands of native labourers, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, livestock, etc. freight cost at first was high—but not nearly so high as it would have been if the Administration had had to tax the Goldfields community to build Arterial Roads. And it is now being steadily reduced.

Guinea Airways Lid. launched its unique aenal transport service seven years age, with one machine and a handful of men. To-day , it operates a fleet of modem aeroplanes , and employs very large European and native staffs.

GUINEA service aeroplanes carry on one of the biggest transport organisations in the world, in one of the world’s most primitive tropical countries; yet no aerial transport system in the world can show a smaller percentage of accidents, or a better record of efficiency and dependability.

Guinea Airways L«

A visit to Central New Guinea, in one of Guinea Airways’ speedy and comfortable air-liners, is a unique and delightful experience.

Travellers may leave the steamer at Port Moresby, fly across to Morobe (time of journey, 1 hour 45 minutes) and spend nine days in the Goldfield centres before rejoining steamer at Lae for Rabaul. Or, after visiting Rabaul, they may disembark at Salamaua or Lae, spend several days on the Goldfields, and fly to Port Moresby to rejoin the steamer. All information from Pursers on the steamers.

Lae • Salamaua

The Pacific Islands Monthly, November 20, 1933

p. 84

I ffiSE ER N SCHS EXPO PILSENE rSQcnx MITtD SYDNEY R A PILSENER £ When two long thirsts equal one long bottle!

"IVhat’s yours?”

"Resch’s Pilsener.”

"So’s mine.” z When you ask for Pilsener insist - on the long bottle. kESCH'S p IO 27 The Pacific Islands Monthly, November 20 1935