PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly Vol. V.-No. 10 May list, K 1935 at the G.P.0., Sydney for transmission hy post as a newspaper .] 6 d

Somewhere In Polynesia

1 Progress in the Pacific CINCE Australia became Responsible for the Administration of New Guinea, the 1 00-Per-Cent-Australian Firm of W. R.

Carpenter and Co., Ltd., has Devoted its Enterprise and Energy to the Sound Development of Islands Industries. It has Established Stores and Trading Stations wherever they were needed, in the Mandated Territory and the Solomon Islands.

Provided Inter-Island Shipping, for which purpose Two M otor-Vessels have been built in Australia, by Australian workmen.

Established Plantations, and assisted Australian Returned Soldiers in the Establishment of Plantations.

Built and Operated, at Rabaul, a Slip capable of handling Inter-Island Vessels.

Organised and Equipped an Aerial Transport Service ( British - built, engined and manned), which now regularly carries Freight and Passengers between Salamaua and the New Guinea Goldfields centres.

Established a line of Modern Motor- Vessels, carrying Freight and Passengers between Pacific Islands and Australian Ports and Europe, on a Regular Schedule.

W. R. C. LINE r I ''HE two Modern motor-vessels of the A W.R.C. Line, namely, M.V. RABAUL (5600 tons) and M.V. SALAMAUA (6754 tons), are now carrying on a Regular Freight and Passenger Service, between European and Australian Ports, with Scheduled Calls at Rabaul and Salamaua (with calls at other New Guinea ports as required), and Dakar (West Africa) about every ten weeks. Calls at Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, and Fiji ports made as required.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these Vessels, at special rates; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates, Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise : : Complete Range of all Stocks Carried.

Head Office: 19-21 O’CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain), KAVIENG (New Ireland), MADANG (New Guinea), SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea), TULAGI (Solomon Islands), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON Buyers and Shippers of: Copra, Trocas, and all Classes of Islands Produce Ri m The Twin-screw Motorship, “SALAMAUA,” 6754 Tons.

Assisting Development am i ■ft i A Modern Dragon-Moth Two-Engined Aeroplane, one of the Units of the Carpenter Aerial Transport Service, now operating between Salamaua, Port Moresby and the New Guinea Goldfields Aerodromes.

The Pacific Islands Monthly, May 21, 1935

TYPEWRITING Island Business People!

When in Sydney, have your documents, confidential matter, etc., executed by an expert.

Ronald K. Clark

(Late of Lae, Salamoa) 183 Liverpool Street (Opp. Anzac Memorial, Sydney)

Holiday In The South Seas

Lord Howe Is. Norfolk Is. Brampton Island

(Barrier Reef) Days of Sunshine—Nights of Enchantment—Wonderful Scenery—Superb Climate. Ideal holiday resorts, good fishing, comfortable accommodation, reasonable tariff. For illustrated folder, sailings, steamer bookings, & island accommodation (free booking service) call or write

Arthur Crisp

ISLAND TOURIST AGENT, COMMERCIAL BANK BUILDING, 62 MARGARET ST., SYDNEY Telephones: B 2781—Y 5332 Accommodation arranged city or suburbs for island residents visiting Sydney

Saicon-Batavia-Samarang-Port Moresby

Samarai-Rabaul- Port Vila-Noumea

Sydney - Port Moresby - Batavia - Saigon

bi-monthly by the "VAN REES”

You will enjoy travelling by this popular, fast and modern steamer of the K.P.M., noted for its comfort, excellent cuisine, and economical fares.

With a fleet of over 130 vessels the K.P.M. Line is in a position to accept cargo for all ports in Netherlands India, and with transhipment at Batavia for Africa.

ROYAL PACKET NAVIGATION CO.

Paketvaart House, 255 George Street, Sydney Diethelm & Co., Saigon; E. A. James, Port Moresby; Whitten Bros., Samarai; W, R. Carpenter & Co. Lid., Rabaul; Gubbay Freres, Port Vila; Carlo Leoni, Noumea.

Pacific Islands Travellers

PASSENGERS PER NEPTUNA WHICH DE-

Parted From Sydney For New Guinea

ON APRIL 20: —Messrs. Allan, Baker, Bannigan, Bayley, Bridge, Burton, Carpenter, Clay, Chambers, Davis, Dowkins, Furley, Fairhall, Helander, Kloster, Lees, Ludge, Mullaly, Moore, McDonald, Nurton Napier, Renton, Spence, Stower, Webster, Whitton, Wolfenden. Mesdames Duncan, Haldie, Mackenzie, Spence, Turner. Misses Abel, Fairhall.

PASSENGERS PER MORINDA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Lord Howe And

NORFOLK ISLANDS ON APRIL 27—Messrs.

Chapman, Childs, Knox, Martin, Scott (2), Wheaton, Father Aldridge. Mesdames Baldwin, Sanders, Wheaton. Miss A. Sanders.

PASSENGERS PER VAN SPILBERGEN, WHICH ARRIVED IN SYDNEY FROM PAPUA,

N. Guinea, Vila, And Noumea On May

14: Judge D. S. Wanliss, Mr. T. W. Ellis, Miss T. H. Monk, Mr. G. H. Heyen, Mr. W. G. Higgs, Miss Q. Reymond, Mr. B. P. C. Reymond, Mr.

H. E. Pagnotte, Mr. and Mrs. C. Brunelet, Mr. C.

Johnston, Mr. W. B. Howard, Mr. A. R. Jacquemart, Mrs. H. A. M. Schollemans-Tuymans.

PASSENGERS PER MACDHUI WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From New Guinea

AND PAPUA ON APRIL 16:—Messrs. Angel, Armit, Bryant, Bertie, Chapman, Campbell, Carroll, Champion, Davies, Digby, Grose, Guest, Gallett, Keown, Kuster, Latchford, Lewis, Moroney, Maclean, McCullock, McCabe, Minahan, Nevitt.

Nicholson, Ogilvie, Peper, Rabin, Fairfax Ross, Radcliffe, Shotton, Stone, Sowter, Shutt, Smith, Spencer, Scott, Rev. Moir-Smith, Thompson, Townsend, Tapsell, Vincent, Gen. E. A. Wisdom, Westhoven. Mesdames Dale, Davies, Guest, Headrick, Hunter, Moroney, Maclean, Sharp, Schilling, Moir-Smith. Misses Compton, Devir, Lawrie, Murray, Ryan, Ward.

Passengers Per Malaita Which Left

Sydney For Solomon Islands And

RABAUL (N.G.) ON APRIL 18;—Messrs. Allman, Bernhardt, Boye, Dr. Courtney, Downs. Rev.

Edwards, Forster, Ferris, Hay, Laycock, McGregor Neilly, Phelps, Piper, Parsons, Rodger, Russell, Dr. Stack, Tarleton, Threlfall, Webster, White, Wood, Revs. West, Mason, Silvester, Mesdames Boye, Darlington, Downs, Forster, Hay, Johnson (2), Leadley, McGregor, Mason, Phelps, Phillips, Silvester, Stack, Webster. Misses Champion, Devir, Le Febvre, Phillips, Schael, Spark.

PASSENGERS PER MORINDA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Lord Howe

Island, Norfolk Island, And New

HEBRIDES ON APRIL 15;—Messrs. Beveridge, Chase, Daniels, Everett, Long, Perronnet, Power, Scott-Robert son, Ryan, Captain Stopp, Smith, Turtle. Mesdames Bruce, Chase, Edmonds, Elliott, Hoffman, Perry, Pinney, Wickstead.

Misses Blackburn, Fosbery, Welsh (2), PASSENGERS PER NIAGARA WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Suva, Fiji, On

APRIL 26:—Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Chapman, Miss P. Chapman, Master W. Chapman, Mrs. N.

Williamson, J. W. Rogers, Master Rogers, R. D.

Fitzgerald, Miss B. L. Hilton, Miss I. F. Foulcher, Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Seymour, A. R. Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. D. Mackay, E. H. Griffiths, Mr. and Mrs C. O. Handley, Master K. R. Handley, Miss B. Cradick, J. Debert, Mr. and Mrs. G. R. Robertson, Miss G. Donnan, Miss D. H. Wright, Mr.

Hawthorne, Mr. and Mrs. W. Finlayson and child, Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Bartlett, Mr. and Mrs.

G. A. L. Zillman, Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Ellerton and child, Mrs. H. E. B. Leleu, Mr. and Mrs. W.

A. Service and child, Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Bygrave, Mr. and Mrs. A. V. Banamy, A. J. Vogan, D. C. Hill, D. M. Deane, Mr. and Mrs. G. V.

Hardacre and child, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Southey, Mr and Mrs. A. G. Carver, Masters J. and K.

Carver, Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Greenwood, J. E.

Toy, P. M. Fenner, R. C. Barclay, J. H. Goldfinch, W. F. White, Mr. and Mrs. W. Macleod, Mr. and Mrs. H. Mac Kay, A. G. Campbell, Mrs.

A. K. Hunter, C. K. Jeffries, D. H. Gorman, M.

Bayford, F G. Smith, A. J. Yors, N. S. Smolin.

PASSENGERS PER MARIPOSA. WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Suva, Fiji, On

APRIL 23. —Mrs. A. E. Abrahams, Miss M. Abrahams, Master L. Abrahams, Mrs. D. A. Aconley, Miss M. Aconley, Dr. and Mrs. L. A. Andrews, A. S. Baillieu, Miss E. Bryson, Miss M. F. Hall, Mrs. H. E. Hall, Dr. A. E. Frost, S. Cruickshank, H. B. Harricks, Mrs. K. G. Healing, Mr. and Mrs. S. H. Henderson. Mr. and Mrs. E. Livock, D. C. McKean, Mrs. M. Myer, G. Payne, Mrs. B.

Price, Miss B. Price, Guy O. Ramsay, Mrs. A.

Richards, H. Schlapp, Mr. and Mrs. L. Silk, Dr.

Jessie Simpson, Mr. and Mrs. G. W, Sneddon, Mrs. E. G. Theodore, T. R. Victor, Mrs. H. W.

Ward, Mr. and Mrs. R. R. Anson, Miss B. Anson, Master E. Anson, Master D. Cheng, F. V. Chevell, J. Faubula, K. Hack, Mrs. D. W. James, R. B.

Luttrell, Mrs. Mar Leong, Mrs. O. J. White.

Passengers Per Mariposa, Which

DEPARTED FROM SYDNEY FOR SUVA, FIJI, ON MAY 1: — Mr. Baker, Miss Baker, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Baker, F. Bowler, Mr. and Mrs. G.

Brotchie, Misses W. and B. Brotchie, H. W. Buckley, Pat Cody, A. L. Cole, R. V. Cole, Master R. Cole, Mr. and Mrs. Pat Costello, Mr. D. B.

Costello, A. W. Curtis, J. R. Donaldson, Miss Beth Donkin, D. H. Fowler, F. M. Gilder, Dr. Guy Harris, W. J. Hawthorne, Dr. and Mrs. Loftus Hills, Major Clive Joske, J .T. Kieran, Miss C.

Kieran, F. Leahy, Mr. and Mrs. S. G. Lyons, Master D. Lyons, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. C.

Mayne, F. McGlyn, W. C. Nicholson, J. V. Radcliffe, C. Read, Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Sands, R. C.

Symes, Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Tucker, Misses M. E. and E. M. Twopenny, Misses H and L Vaughan, Dr and Mrs. J. T. Ward, Elder D. N. Anderson, H. T. Braden, C. J. Braden, H. Edwards, R. L.

Faber, Elder F. C. Fletcher, K. Foulis, Mr. and Mrs. G. D. Hill, Miss W. Hurley, Mr. Jorgenson, C. W. Mann, I. Merrington, Miss C. McKillop, P. H. Phillippe, A. Plant, C. Reynolds, S. Sutherland, Mrs. F. Wheatley, Elder T. F. Whitley, Rev.

Williamson.

Passengers Per Macdhui, Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA, ON MAY 2:—Messrs. Andre, Anderson, Aitken, Buik, Bruckhauser, Brazier, Bridges, Beaney, Bates, Crookshanks, Catt, Colgin, Crampton, Crawford, Clarke, Cram, Delme- Radcliffe, Dette, Davies, Donovan, Downing, Dalton, Elliott, Fidlin Fitzgerald, Fournier, Glass, Gunner, Graham, George, Hyde, Hanrott, Hodgekiss. Hale, Harrison, Helton, Nason-Jones, Jamieson, Jervis, Kingdom, Kennedy, Kuster, Lennon, Lockhart, Loker, Lyle, Lee, Ives, Moore, Maugham, Mason (2), Munro, Middleton, McLeod, MacConnell, Nivett, Nicholson, Mirow, O’Sullivan, Piper, Powell, Pollock, Radcliffe, Roberts, Ross, Ryan. Ryan (A.M.), Welwood, Shay, Schroder, Schuller, Elliott-Smith, Smith, Tyler, Voysey, Wallman, Weston, Wilson, Watson, Wood, Watson, Wiljanen, Woodhouse, Mesdames Atkin, Byrne, Brewster, Brazier, Bayliss, Dette, Fournier, George, Hinds, Havill, Ives, Nason-Jones, Lee, Middleton, Marshall, Monteith, Ryan (A.M.), Ryan (E.D.), Smith, Summers, Elliott-Smith, Newnham, Strickland, Swanson, Smith, Tyler, Voysey, Williams, Lady Murray, Wood, Helton.

Misses Ashdown, Brandis, Cassel, Cullen, Gale, Grahamslaw, Herman, Hodge, Moffatt, Mayne, Maguire, Robertson.

RECOGNITION!

RESIDENTS of New Guinea who admire the fine qualities of their late Administrator, Brigadier-General T. Griffiths —and they comprise 99 per cent, of the residents —will be delighted to know that at long last the Commonwealth Government has given official recognition to the lifetime’s distinguished service rendered to the Commonwealth by the General. Many people were disappointed because the General was not awarded at least a knighthood when he retired recently.

The name of General Griffiths was included (with about 5000 others!) in the lists of those who, during May, were awarded the King’s Jubilee Medal. 1

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCKINTS 1,11 ; r,Mm\ r iinfii mm min Hi 111 iiitim m Aim Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney—Australia , Code Address: "Burphil"

SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is. —Lord Howe Is.—Norfolk Is. —New Hebrides —lava and Singapore Page A. Powders .. 57 Antinea Drug Co. .. 19 Arnott’s Biscuits .. 57 Asprey’s Compound 32 Aspro 45 Ausoline Co 29 Austen, Geo. & Co. 16 Aus. Scale Co. .. 20 Bains & Co. Ltd. .. 58 Bank of N.S.W. .. 25 Barnes, Jas 38 Barrington, D.Y.S. 54 Bell, L.L 74 Belvedere 13 Bentley, E 47 Bernhard, H 16 Blau, Julius .. .. 58 Breckwoldt & Co. .. 26 Broomfields, Ltd. .. 20 Bruce, Robert .. .. 40 Brunton’s Flour ~ 35 Bullivants Ltd. .. 49 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 B. Magazine.. .. 44 B.P. (S.S.) Co. .. 48 Burton, F. W 28 Bussell, H. L. & Co. 14 Buzacott Ltd 55 Byrne, C. R ?♦ Campbell’s Canoes.. 25 Capell, J 46 Carpenter, W. R. .. ii Clark, R 1 Coleman Quicklite.. 49 Coles, A. H. J. .. 16 Cooper, W. and Nephews Ltd. .. 71 Coral Starch .. .. 12 Craignathan .. .. 56 Crisp, A. E 1 Cropleys Ltd 13 Croston, W. E. .. 23 Cyclone G. &F. .. 72 Dangar, Gedye .. 63 Dawn Cafe .. .. 34 Death Notice .. .. 57 Doans 52 Donald Patents Ltd. 37 Doyle, T. G 22 Eaton, Ltd., J. W. 42 Electrolytic R. & S.

Co 68 Page Elvy & Co., Ltd. .. 22 Erg Batteries .. .. 54 Euston Hotel .. .. 57 Evans, H. A. & Son 80 Excel Battery Co. .. 69 Excelsior Supply .. 51 Fairbanks Morse .. 75 Farquharson, Mrs. 61 Fletcher & sons .. 70 Flexibo Lighting .. 30 Flynn, Mrs. W. .. 58 Ford, W. M 49 Ford Sherington Ltd. 17 Forsyth, A 40 Forster’s Bedsteads 43 Foster & Sons, Geo. 68 Fowler, N. M 16 Frost, A. R. & Co. 76 Garrett & Davidson 38 Gillespie’s Flour .. 60 Gleniffer Engines .. 48 Grahame, C 31 Gregory, A 33 Griffin, Brian .. .. 49 Guinea Airways .. iii Hallstrom, E 25 Halvorsen, L 47 Hammett, A 1 45 Harper, M 31 Harper, Robt 36 Henly’s D.Y.S. .. 21 Holbrook’s Ltd. .. 39 Holden’s Air T. .. 80 Hordern Bros 59 Hotel Gnd. Central 12 Hughes, A. J 23 1.C.1.A.N.Z 56 I.C.S 71 Insular Lamps Ltd. 74 Jones, A 20 Kelvin Engines .. 66 Kepert, V. R 80 Kerr Bros 67 Killrust 36 Kodak Pty. Ltd. .. 15 Kopsen & Co 78 Kork-N-Seal .. .. 61 Kriesler Ltd 65 Lane and Girvan .. 51 Langbecker, C. .. 22 Light. N 29 Legal Notice .. .. 23 Page Leica Photo Co. .. 31 Link Belt Co 42 Littlewood 24 Lone Hand Soap .. 62 Love Ltd. J. R. .. 73 Lysaght & Co. .. 28 McHugh 76 Mcllraith’s, Ltd. .. 18 McKay .. 40 Mangrovite Belting 34 Marr, E. A 70 Martins, D.Y.S. .. 55 Matthews, A. E. .. 62 Maxwell Porter .. 56 Mungo Scott, Ltd... 64 Murfray, Ltd., D. W. 60 Naylor, G. H 14 N.D.L 79 Nelson & Robertson 33 New Brit. Express 77 Norco 32 Noyes Bros 24 Ozo Salt Co 62 Pabco Products .. 37 Page Pacific Hotels .. .. 53 Pacific Is. Assoc. .. 56 Paine & Co 26 Pike Bros 70 Pioneer Spring C 0... 36 Position Wanted .. 69 Pottery Shop .. .. 16 Prescott, Ltd 35 Prouds, Ltd 41 Ramsay, Valmai .. 13 Reid, W. M 29 Reilingh, W. .. .. 75 Richard’s Remedies 28 Robinson, J 12 Rohu, Sil 66 Rolls Razor .. .. 77 Royal Packet N. Co. 1 Russell, S 28 Ruston & Hornsby 49 Scott, Ltd., J 38 Scott & Bowne .. 64 Scott & Sons .. .. 28 Selby, H. B 68 Shaw, E 78 Page Smith, Geo. E 66 Springwood L. Col. 17 Standard Drug .. 75 Stanley, Chris. .. 61 Steamships T. C 0... 78 Steel Imp. Co 32 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Summerbell, A. .. 45 Swallow & Ariell .. 74 Tahiti Hdbk 53 Talkeries 45 Taubman’s Paints .. 29 Thompson’s Eng. Co. 30 Thornthwaite, H. G. 48 Tillock & Co., Ltd. 61 Titon 67 Tooheys Ltd 34 Tooth & Co iv Traders, Ltd 26 Trufood 48 Tudor Hotel .. .. 13 T.W.H 21 Typewriter Trading 44 Vacuum Oil. Co. .. 27 Page Victor Chemical .. 66 Vincent’s A.P.C. .. 18 Vincent Bros 77 Waddells Ltd 52 Wallis, J. B 69 Walvon Kennels .. 14 Ward, L. A 24 Ward’s Steves .. 19 Wearnes 35 Webb, A 21 Wesley College .. 20 West, H 63 West’s Wheels .. 49 Weymark & Son .. 46 Wheeler, B. R. ..66 Williams, W. H. 17, 23 Wills, W. D. &H. O. 46 Wilshire, H 18 Wood’s Peppermint 39 Wright & Co 44 Wright & Co., E. .. 42 Wunderlich, Ltd. ~ 54 ADVERTISERS Contents Page Pacific Islands Travellers 1 Germany and New Guinea 3 Late News for Islands 5 Copra’s Future 6,24 N.G. Gold Royalty 6 When Costa Rica Pounced! .. ..7,74 Fiji’s Gold Boom 8,25 Primage Duty on Islands Produce . . 9 How Civilization is Menaced . . .. 9 Smuggling in the Islands 10 Tropicalities 11 About Islands People 12 Fiji Butter Industry 17 Mauritius Beans as Chance Crop .. 18 Seeking N. Caledonian Gold . . .. 22 Handy Type of Copra Drier . . .. 28 What to Grow in the Islands . . . . 33 Suitable House for Tropics . . . . 40 Progress of Hides’ Expedition . . .. 44 Page Tahitian Treasure in Madrid Museum 47 New Guinea Magistrates 50 Germany’s Future in the Pacific .. 52 Tahiti’s Trade Rises 56 What “Hydrogenation” May Mean to Copra Producers 57 Fashion Hints for Islands Women .. 58 Housekeeping in the Tropics .. .. 61 Little Islanders’ Corner 63 Burns, Philp’s Annual Report . . 64, 66 New Guinea Goldfields News .. . . 64 Book Reviews 67 Pacific Mining Activity 68 Torres Strait Notes 75 Gold Quest by Air 76 Market Quotations 77 Islands Produce 78 Exchange Rates 78 Shipping Services in Pacific . . .. 79 2 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

The Pacific Islands Monthly

The Newspaper-Magazine Of The South Seas

[Registered at O.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper .] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney .

TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 3408 R Contributions Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands Subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid Poet Free 6/- Por Annum, elsewhere, prepaid, Post Free .. 8/- Single Copies 6d.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON.

Advertisements Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc.

Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

Registered Address for Radiograms and Cables; “PACPUB” Sydney Agents The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for “The Pacific Islands Monthly”— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Cos., Ltd., and Burns Philp (South Seas) Cos., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Cos., Ltd.

All Branches of Morris, Hedstrom & Cos., Ltd.

G. Thomas & Cos., Rabaul.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland.

S. Russell, Papeete, Tahiti.

Cook Islands Trading Cos., Raratonga.

Vol. V., No. 10.

Sydney, May 21, 1935.

Prir** i Per I lice | Prepaid; 6/- p.a.

Germany And New Guinea

IT is necessary to set out, without * J ’ equivocation or apology, the position of the Mandated Territory of New . ~ . , A A Guinea as we see it, in relation to international affairs.

The Germans are masters of the art of propaganda. Germany is seeking to convert British public opinion to the idea of returning to Germany the colonies which Germany lost in 1914. Germany wants New Guinea because of the rich goldfields there.

There are several arguments which support Germany’s plea for the return of her former colonies. They have been stated several times in this journal. This great nation, so skilled in productiveness and so competent in administration, cannot be kept indefinitely within the boundaries imposed by Versailles. Germany must trade with the rest of the world; and, to do that, she must have overseas sources of raw materials and toreign exchange; she must have new territories where her colonising genius can express itself.

We have previously expressed the view, which we still hold, that the colonial and territorial needs of Germany .. T r can be provided for in Africa. If Germany wishes to return to the Pacific, a • ' r j-cc n 11 series of difficult problems, both econom.c and strategic, immediately present themselves.

We said, last year, that the return of Germany to the Pacific might be welcorned by Britain, France, and America.

Since then, we have been introduced to a Germany which shows not the slightest wish to at peace w j t h h er neighbours and which literally is forcing all Europe to re-arm.

Under nresent conditions the Pacific Ocean is indeed padfic There is not wit hin it at present one disturbing factor Many of us it is hue await anxiously the growth and expansion of j apa n. Some day, maybe, Japan will wish to advance officially southwards of the equator; but so far Japan has made n 0 move j n that direction. At present, Japan is completely preoccupied with the enormous task which she has assumed in Eastern Asia; and, therefore, from the point of view of the nationalities established in the South Pacific, Japan is a good neighbour. She is too busy, in Asia, to be a bad neighbour in the Pacific.

If the Germans were peaceful, quiet people they would be welcome in the Pacific. But the German nation nowseems to be just as aggressive and nationalistic under Hitler as it was prior to 1918, under the Prussianised Hohenzollerns. We British people emphatically do not want this disturbing element right alongside us in New Guinea, or in Samoa, within a few hundred miles of Fiji and New Zealand. The concentration of a few hundred German aeroplanes in those places might give an entirely different complexion to the outbreak of another war. Australia and New Zealand, with the assistance of the French and Japanese, completely bottled up the German military and naval forces in 1914. But enormous damage could be done by hostile aeroplanes before they were destroyed.

Germany recognises that her former Pacific Islands Territories could be very easily chopped off in the event of war— that, in other words, they represent a strategical weakness. Why, then, does she seek their return? Because of the value of the Morobe goldfield in New Guinea. 3

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

But the Morobe goldfield was not taken from Germany in 1914. When the Australian forces seized New Guinea, there were not half-a-dozen white men in the whole of Morobe—it was unexplored and practically unknown. The Morobe goldfield has been opened up since 1923 by Australian prospectors and Anglo-Australian enterprise, assisted by Australian, British, and American capital. The Germans have not the slightest moral claim to the goldfield. If it had been developed by German enterprise and capital the argument would have been different.

Germany, being the aggressor and having been defeated, had to pay for war damages. Against the damages assessed against her were set the value of her colonies, which were taken over. In that way the British Empire has already paid for New Guinea; and the estimate of the value of New Guinea was reached without the Morobe goldfield being taken into calculation. The Morobe goldfield, in 1918-1919, was unknown.

There is another argument against the return of the Pacific territories. Japan, in the plainest language, has made it known that she will not give up her hold on the Caroline, Marshall, and Marianne Islands, held by Germany until 1914. If Japan regards the retention of those territories as necessary on strategic grounds, surely Australia is entitled to view New Guinea in the same light.

It is desirable that Australian and British public opinion be better informed in regard to these matters. The Australian people are certainly quite indifferent about them, and, so far as Australian interests in New Guinea are concerned, the Commonwealth Government is asleep. In that territory there is a large and rapidly growing community, and the trade connected therewith is valuable.

Recent figures show that that trade is being taken away from British interests by other countries.

Huge quantities of rice are consumed in New Guinea by native labourers.

Until two or three years ago, it came mostly from Rangoon British-grown rice. To-day, it is coming almost wholly in foreign ships from Saigon—foreigngrown rice, A few years ago, a very large proportion of the goods going into New Guinea were of British origin, and Australia had her fair share. To-day, more than half of New Guinea’s imports are of foreign origin. We have under notice an order given recently by an Australian firm for 200,000 yards of cheap cotton prints. The Australian firm wanted to buy from British sources; but was compelled to place the order in Japan—compelled because, while New Guinea is an Australian territory, New Guinea gives no preference whatever to British goods.

If the Commonwealth Government had been awake to the value and significance of this trade, it would have followed the example of the British Administrations in the adjoining territories of Solomon Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji, etc., where the existing tariffs impose a very definite preference in favour of British goods.

If the Commonwealth Government, at long last, is to be compelled to carry out what is its obvious duty, and give adequate protection to British interests in New Guinea, it should give particular attention to the subject of German shipping. There is no use in blinking the fact any longer that the German shipping interests in New Guinea are the agents of German propaganda in favour of the return of New Guinea to Germany. It is likely that in the next session of the Commonwealth Parliament attention will be drawn to the fact that certain public officials in New Guinea have been accepting favours at the hands of the German shipping interests —favours which are customarily given and received in commercial circles, but which have a special and most undesirable significance as between units of the New Guinea Administration and the Germans.

Those small German ships, equipped with pedlar’s licences, and manned by Chinese, are still busily trading between all ports in New Guinea, and, if the Commonwealth is not blind to what is going on, they must soon be given official attention. They may represent a check upon the freight and merchandising rates charged by British firms, and in that way they may have some immediate value; but, actually, they represent a threat that is growing and a danger that is fundamental. It may not be possible to keep them out of New Guinea; but at least the Commonwealth authorities should impose some tax upon them — 10/- per ton upon all goods imported or exported in foreign bottoms, or something of the sort —so that the spectacle of German ships actually cutting into British commercial interests, while at the same time acting as the agents of German propaganda, will no longer continue.

Certain aspects of this shipping position cannot be too strongly emphasised.

While the German ships trading in New Guinea are manned by Chinese, the British ships with which they are competing are manned either wholly by white British crews, or by British complements aided by New Guinea natives.

Great Britain long ago imposed an import duty of 10/- per ton on all copra not grown in British countries —a very generous gesture towards the coconut planters of the Empire. Yet, to-day, we have the extraordinary spectacle of Empire-grown copra being carried to the British market in foreign ships, and thus defeating one of the main objects which the British Government had in mind in imposing the copra duty. This applies more particularly to New Guinea.

It is time that Australia was awakened to what is going on, and realised that it is an important part of the British Empire. We have a warm regard for the German people and we sincerely hope that there will be no further war between us. But we dare not ignore the fact that this new Germany, that has appeared under the emblem of the swastika, is just as an aggressive and warlike a Germany as we knew prior to 1914; and it seems to be even more necessary to protect ourselves against her.

There is a political job of work to be done in New Guinea; and people with Imperial interests truly at heart will see to it that Canberra fs given no rest until Canberra recognises the position and does the obvious thing.

Air Fleets

More Big ’Planes For New Guinea BEING- evidently confident that the main transport system of the New Guinea goldfield in the future will be by air, the New Guinea aerial transport companies are steadily building up their fleets and improving their ground organisation.

Within a short time, Guinea Airways will have two large Ford passenger machines in commission; and the Holden Co. also will have two.

The most recent purchase of Guinea Airways is described as “a Continental luxury liner, beautifully fitted”; this should arrive at Lae in June.

Guinea Airways also have purchased from West Australian Airways (Major Brearley’s company) two De Haviland 61’s (similar to the “Canberra,” well known on the goldfield).

At the other end of New Guinea, in Dutch territory, active developmental enterprises are afoot, in which aeroplane transport is being extensively used.

Aeroplanes, also, to a steadily increasing degree, are being used for the development of Central and North Australia.

It seems inevitable that the aeroplane will be used to a great extent in the future development of the Pacific Territorities generally. 4 May 21, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

LATE NEWS SYDNEY, May 20.

MAILS from Papua, New Guinea and Fiji which have reached us on May 20, just as we go to press, contain much interesting Islands news. The following is a brief summary.

An experienced mining engineer who recently visited Fiji told a “P.1.M.” representative that there easily might be 2000 men working on the Fiji goldmines within a short time.

The new goldfields road from Wau to Edie Creek (New Guinea) is open. The Tirst motor traffic used it on Anzac Day.

It is described as “a god-send.” Headquarters of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. are now at Edie Creek, and it is rapidly “becoming an important centre.

Much damage was done by a flood in the Edie and Merri Creeks on the night of April 15.

The King’s Jubilee was celebrated with much impressive ceremonial on May 6 at the Islands centres, notably Suva, Rabaul, and Port Moresby.

Papuan planters and merchants are urging the Administration to agitate for the removal of the Australian primage duty. (See article on page 9.) Mrs. Martha Aston, died in Samarai hospital on April 30, at the age of 77.

She was closely connected with missionary enterprise in the Pacific, and was greatly loved for her personal qualities.

The managing director of the Kwato Mission, Samarai, has sent for publication (now to appear in June issue) a notable reply to various criticism recently •directed against the mission’s commercial activities.

The March report of the Warden of the Morobe goldfield (New Guinea) indicates further rapid progress on the field. Gold and silver exported in March were worth £132,495 (Australian).

The foundation stone of a new Masonic temple was laid in Rabaul on April 25.

His Honour Chief Judge D. S. Wanliss, of New Guinea, has left the territory on four months’ furlough, which he will spend in Australia.

Captain Kendrick, who has been some time in Port Moresby, is impressed with the possibilities of the auriferous country near the Brown River, within 150 miles of Pt. Moresby. He is urging a geological survey.

Good reports have been received of dredging progress by the Tiveri Co. in the Lakekamu district, Papua. Gold yields are satisfactory.

The Fiji sugar output for 1935 promises to surpass that for 1934. The export for 1934 was 104,000 tons, valued at £868,438.

The estimate for 1935 is around 123,000 tons.

Personal Notes From Fiji

Mr. H. H. Hemus, supervising inspector for Messrs. A. B. Donald, joined the Niagara at Auckland, and after a brief stay in Suva in May, attending to the affairs of the company, returned to New Zealand by the Monterey.

Mr. D. M. Deane, a mining engineer, left Sydney recently for Suva by the Niagara. Mr. Deane represents the Sukulaki Gold Development Co.

N.L., which was registered in Melbourne. The company has a lease of a block at Tavua, miles east of the Emperor mine. It is the company’s intention to commence operations immediately, and Mr. Dean has three mining men with him. He is very confident about the future prospects of the goldfield. He considers that, though the mining laws of the colony are still in their infancy, the recent Government legislation to control more strictly the issuing of prospecting licences is a step in the right direction.

Mr, A. G. Campbell returned to Suva on the Niagara in May, and proceeded straight to Tavua, where he made further investigations for a private client. He returned to Australia on the Monterey, thoroughly satisfied with the work he had completed.

Mr. C. A. Barden returned to Suva at the beginning of May, after an absence of ten years.

He resumed duty at the cable station, Suva, after having been in Vancouver, Fanning Island, and Auckland for his company.

Sir Henry and Lady Marks returned to Suva at the beginning of May on the Niagara, accompanied by their daughter, Mrs, M. V. Abel.

Mr. H. J. S. Allen, Collector of Customs at Lautoka, returned to Suva by the Niagara in May.

He was accompanied by his wife and two daughters.

Mr. E. J. Pratt returned to Lautoka on May 4, after spending his leave in New Zealand. He was accompanied by his wife, his sister (Miss A.

Pratt) and his daughter Peggy.

Mr. R. M. Boyd, who represents the wellknown Australian stockbrokers, Messrs. J. B.

Were and Co., has been visiting Fiji, and returns on the Monterey. He is a reticent man, but it is believed that he thinks well of Fiji’s gold-mining possibilities.

Mr. R. H. Norman, of the Orient Line, has been in Suva, making arrangements for adequately entertaining those who take “luxury cruises to Fiji.”

Mr. Julius Blau, well-known Sydney business man, is in Suva at present, staying at the Grand Pacific Hotel, The Governor of Tahiti returned to France by the Cephee early in May.

Record Of The

“MONSUNEN” jl/TANY people in the Central Pacific w in remember Hakon Mielche, the brilliant young artist who was a member of the Danish scientific expedition. The expedition travelled on the ship "Monsunen”; and the “Monsunen,” after calling at Galapagos, Marquesas, Tahiti, Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia and New Hebrides, war wrecked in August, 1934, in the Santa Cruz Islands, in the Southern Solomons.

Mr. Mielche has described his experiences in a book which is racily written and very cleverly illustrated, but which, unfortunately for us, is in the Danish language. This notwithstanding, one can follow the party’s adventures by the amusing little “thumb-nail” sketches, in the margin.

There is a probability that the book will be translated and re-published in English. It will be well worth reading.

N.C. Goldmining NOUMEA, May 4.

THE Government has removed the restriction recently imposed on mining operations in New Caledonia (see article on page 22) so far as it applies to goldmining. The announcement that threefourths of the personnel of concerns seeking or working gold in the Colony must be French will not now affect Australian companies and syndicates.

Islands Broadcasting Plans by A.W.A.

EQUIPMENT to establish a broadcasting station at Port Moresby—the first in the South Pacific Islands —was despatched to Papua by Amalgamated Wireless, Ltd., in mid-April. The new station, to be known as 4PM, will be operated by A.W.A., by whom the plant was designed and manufactured.

It is announced, also (but this is not officially confirmed), that plans are afoot by the same enterprising company to establish a broadcasting station at Suva, in Fiji.

The establishment of these stations will be of benefit to Islands residents.

In the past, many people in the Pacific have installed receiving sets in the hope of being able to pick up news bulletins and entertainment broadcasts from Australian and New Zealand stations; but, for the most part, their success has been only seasonal. For a large part of the year, atmospheric interference has made satisfactory reception almost impossible.

The new Islands stations probably will re-broadcast Australian mainland programmes: and listeners in Papua, New Guinea, Nauru, Solomons, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Gilbert and Ellice, and Cook Islands should have no difficulty, using standard four and five-valve sets, in keeping in constant touch with the wide world.

Early Manuscripts On

TAHITI Discovered in Papeete by Mitchell Librarian From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, May 1.

'JIfTSS I. E. LEESON, Librarian at the Mitchell Library, Sydney, returned to Australia by the April Makura, after a month’s stay in Papeete. On behalf of the institution she represents, ,Miss Leeson’s visit was made principally for the purpose of gathering material for a history of this part of the Pacific.

It is understood that many interesting documents bearing upon the early European occupation of Tahiti were discovered in the archives at the British Consulate, to which, owing to the kindness of Dr.

Williams, the Consul, Miss Leeson was given access. It is expected that these papers will eventually be transferred to the Mitchell Library. Miss Leeson also acquired several original journals and manuscripts, written by the early English missionaries, which are full of interest for the historical student.

Aeroplane Accident in New Guinea WHEN flying a Pacific Airways Moth in the goldfields transport service, New Guinea, early in May, Pilot Cameron encountered bad weather, and crashed near Roaring Creek, in the Watut country.

He was not injured, but the machine was badly damaged.

Mr. Hadron Mielche, clever Danish artist. 5

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

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Copra’S Future

A New Note of Optimism WE find, in “Review of the Oil and Fat ** markets, 1934,” issued by Messrs.

Faure, Blattmann and Co., London, a note of optimism that had been missing, for some years, from this most valuable annual compilation.

This is how the cautious editor summed up his conclusions, at the end of a very careful review of the world markets and prospects, as on 31st December, 1934: “We did not commit ourselves in our last Review to any forecast as to the future movement of prices, as the position at the end of 1933 was still too unclear.

“To-day we are faced with a definite world shortage of Oils and Fats available for consumption, spread over all the principal oil-producing materials, and which a year ago would have seemed impossible.

“All indications point to the full effect of this shortage, especially the shortage in the United States, not yet having been felt; and, even if Germany should have to reduce her con- The copra market is moving steadily upward. This is what has happened to the London c.i.f. quotation since we went to press in April: sumption of Oils and Fats very considerably, as a result of Her lack of foreign exchange, a still higher price level seems to be inevitable.

“In other words, we may safely assume that we have now reached a turning point where we must look upon the abnormally low level of prices for Oils and Fats to which we have been accustomed for a number of years, as a thing of the past.”

The “Review” deals seriatim with the world position of copra and of the various commodities which compete in some degree with coconut oil. The following are its conclusions: Lard: Owing to the American drought production has decreased 23 per cent.

Olive Oil: The 1933-34 crop showed a reduction, and the 1934-35 crop, owing to unfavourable weather, will be smaller still.

Linseed Oil: North American crops again very small, but shortage offset by large Argentine crop. 1935 supplies will be slightly larger than 1934, but appreciable increase in consumption expected.

Cotton Oil: Owing to American crop restrictions, combined with drought, a considerable shortage is expected, to become manifest in the latter part of 1935.

Peanuts: Supplies in sight for 1935 are the smallest for many years. Indian crop probably will be down 40 per cent.

Whale Oil: The 1933-34 catch has been completely disposed of, and the 1934-35 catch, owing to late start and unfavourable conditions, is expected (for the first time for many years) to be less than estimated.

Copra: Such reports as are to hand from producing countries indicate smaller supplies this year than usual. Typhoons suffered by the Philippines during the latter part of 1934 are reported to have seriously damaged the trees, ruining the young nuts. Low prices during the last year or two have necessitated economies on the plantations, with a result that a good many of the copra gardens are suffering from neglect which will reduce the crops. However, it must not be overlooked that there is always a hidden reserve for export in the quantity consumed locally, and higher prices will draw upon what in the ordinary way would be domestic supplies.

New Guinea Gold

ROYALTY Report That Differential System Is Advocated ARGUMENTS in favour of a revision of the system of imposing a royalty (now 5 per cent.) on the value of gold exported from New Guinea have been placed before the Administration of the Territory.

One report says that it has been suggested that the present royalty on dredgewon gold should be maintained (presumably because it is considered easy to get), while there should be a reduction of the royalty on “boxing gold,” and a further reduction on lode gold, because that is the hardest to win.

A number of cogent arguments against a differential gold royalty can be presented, and it is to be hoped, for the protection of the future of the Morobe field, that no change of this far-reaching character will be made without the most careful consideration of the issues involved.

The system of imposing a gold royalty has been adopted in many countries; but, so far as is known, not one country has applied a differential system. Moreover, the task of checking the source of the gold presented for royalty assessment, on a big field such as Morobe, would present great practical difficulties.

The introduction of the proposed system would discriminate directly against the Bulolo group—a manifestly unfair thing. It still has to be proved that gold is more easily recovered by dredging. It may look easy, in the case of Bulolo; but that is because the Bulolo group made their plans with remarkable foresight, and carried them through with promptness and great organising ability. The designing of dredges suitable for Bulolo, their transport by aeroplanes, and their operation in this primitive and well-nigh inaccessible country, so far from being easy, is one of the most notable feats in the history of goldmining. Large profits are being made, but they were well and truly earned. So far from being penalised, the Bulolo group should be encouraged and assisted.

It is not desirable, at this stage, to make invidious distinctions: but it is possible to argue that, if certain companies in New Guinea are lodemining more expensive, in proportion to gold recovery, than dredging, the difference may be due rather to organisation and capitalisation, rather than to the natural difficulties of the terrain.

Put it in another way. If the Administrator is to be asked to impose a differential royalty, he should be permitted also to examine the documented history of the different companies, in relation to capitalisation, organisation, and engineering efficiency, before deciding that one method of gold recovery is more expensive than another.—R.W.R.

MR. H. C. CARDEW Death on May 14 ONE of the best known members of the Public Service of New Guinea, Mr. H.

C. Cardew, died at Rabaul on May 14, Mr. Cardew joined the Papuan Public Service in 1909. He rose to the position of Resident Magistrate; but left this service during the war period, when there was a demand for experienced officials to carry on the administration of New Guinea, just then taken over by Australia.

Mr. Cardew was sent as District Officer to Kieta, in Bougainville, where he carried on under the military regime. Later, he was appointed the first Commissioner of Native Affairs and Director of Education in the New Guinea Civil Administration, and was a member of the Advisory Council. Owing to his legal knowledge and experience of native affairs he undertook the task of drafting the first Native Labour Ordinance put into operation in New Guinea and this measure, although amended to meet changing conditions, is still in force. Mr. Cardew also organised the existing system of native schools. He was a man always held in high esteem and his advice was of great value to the various Administrators. He had been in ill health for some time. 6 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

When Costa Rica Pounced!

that the leaders of the expedition consulted the Foreign Office concerning the ownership of the island and were informed that, although its status had never been Amusing Story of Cocos Island Treasure-Seekers The Thing the Expedition Forgot A RECENT news item is as follows: A new attempt to locate the treasure . worth £25,000,000, reputed to have been buried on Cocos Island in the Pacific by old-time buccaneers, commenced in February with the departure from Lowestoft in the motor drifter Veracity (45 tons ) of Commander F. Worsley, the Antarctic explorer, who is leading the expedition. The trouble with the Costa Rican Government, which impeded previous expeditions, has now been overcome. The rights on Cocos Island have been secured from the Costa Rican Government, who in return will take a third of any treasure found. The Costa Rican Government has provided a police guard of ten for the expedition, which is expected to be there for about a year.

The following article was written before the above news item arrived.

IT is reported that the English company known as Treasure Recovery Ltd., is to make another visit to Cocos Island, in an attempt to retrieve the disaster it suffered last year when the members of the expedition were arrested and deported by the Costa Rican police.

In the circumstances it may be worthwhile retelling the romantic story of the search for the Cocos Island treasure.

Altogether there have been 14 expeditions organised to seek for the pirates’ hoard. It is believed by many people that there are two or three separate hoards buried upon Cocos Island; and it is stated in the Foreign Office Handbook that the probable value of the treasure buried there at various times by various people —mostly pirates—is £12,000,000. Other estimates have placed it as high as £25,000,000. It is clear that the main treasure upon which these estimates are based is that supposed to have been taken from the city of Lima early last century.

As a matter of fact there is now the gravest doubt as to whether the Lima treasure actually was taken away by sea to Cocos Island. But of that more anon.

The English company called Treasure Recovery Ltd. was organised about the end of 1933. The men at its head —who ultimately became the four directors and who led the expedition to Cocos Island —are Commander F. A. Worsley, D. 5.0., 0.8. E., R.N.R. (who is famous as one of the joint leaders of the Shackleton Polar Expedition of 1925); Commander J. R.

Stenhouse, D. 5.0., 0.8. E., D.S.C., R.N.R. (who was the commander of the “Aurora,” also famous in connection with Antarctic exploration); Mr. Stratford D. A. Jolly (who is noted as a seeker of buried treasure and who spent 10 months on Cocos Island in 1932); and Captain Charles O. Polkinghorne. The shares were sold publicly in London in December and January, 1933-34, and the expedition received an extraordinary amount of publicity. Some of the newspaper financial writers were very critical.

However, a substantial sum (said to have been £80,000) was subscribed and the expedition was organised in a very businesslike manner. It sailed for Cocos Island at the end of September 1934, in the beautiful green and white yacht Queen of Scots, a 600-tons twin screw vessel which had been loaned for the purpose by Mr. A. J. Drexel. The official leader of the expedition, which numbered 20, was Mr. S. MacFarlane Arthur, and the personnel included Colonel J. 13. Leckie, C.M.G., C.8.E., D. 5.0., F.R.G.S. (a mining engineer who was connected with the Pacific Treasure Exploration, which sailed on M.V. Silver Wave in 1932-33); Dr. J. W. Harris, B.Sc., Ph. D. (geologist); Mr. J. T. Marten (a radio operator and aviator); and there were also various other gentlemen with scientific qualifications, in addition to Commanders Worsley and Stenhouse, Captain Polkinghorne, and Mr. Jolly.

The expedition was luxuriously equipped with scientific apparatus. It was intended to locate treasure in the following manner: “Our experts will tackle the hunt as an engineering problem. We have definite evidence as to where the treasure is buried close to the shore. We shall electrify an area and probe the ground with instruments and on getting a response we shall send down a core drill. If there is anything there we shall get a sample of it. We are using an aeroplane for survey purposes and telephones will link up the camp and the works. We shall apply geo-electrical methods, used in the detection of mineral deposits.”

The expedition’s plans appear to have been made with great thoroughness, and its departure from London aroused much public interest.

Only one thing appears to have been overlooked—but it was vital.

It seems to have been assumed by all previous expeditions, and by everyone interested, that Cocos Island (which lies about 500 miles due west of the Panama Canal) was a no-man’s land. It appears defined internationally, the republic of Costa Rica claimed sovereignty over it; and the Foreign Office suggested that Costa Rica should be asked for permission to make a landing.

But no one seems to* have troubled about Costa Rica. That, perhaps, is not to be wondered at. Costa Rica is a tiny comic opera republic near the Panama Canal zone, in Central America.

But, if the expedition was not concerned about Costa Rica, Costa Rica was passionately interested in the expedition, and its confident hope of recovering anything up to £25,000,000 worth of treasure.

So far as Costa Rica was concerned, the share-selling publicity of Treasure Recovery Ltd.—and particularly the bits about £25,000,000, and the value of the new scientific methods of recovery—had registered 100 per cent!

So much treasure, it was calculated would pay off the national debt of Costa Rica and make most of the Costa Ricans millionaires for life. So Costa Rica bided its time.

The luxurious yacht. Queen of Scots, duly passed through the Suez Canal and landed the expedition on Cocos Island early in October, 1934. No one went near Punta Arenas, which is the port of Costa Rica, nor was any courtesy call made at San Jose, where the President of Costa Rica resides.

Thereupon the Government of Costa Rica became very busy indeed On October 13, 1934, the Government of Costa Rica assembled the Costa Rican navy (two small motor vessels) embarked a section of the army (26 soldiers and four colonels) and despatched the lot from Punta Arenas to Cocos Island “to remove the 19 members of the British treasure hunting expedition which, by Photograph reproduced from one of the London daily newspapers, when the treasure-seekers sailed for Cocos Island ini September, 1934. in search of buried treasure of old-time pirates of the Spanish Mala, an expedition left West India Docks, London, aboard the yacht Queen of Scots. The commander. Captain Bellingham (centre) is seen, showing the charts to friends and crew before sailing yesterday for Cocoa Island. 7

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

landing there recently, have infringed Costa Rican territory.”

Meanwhile the yacht, Queen of Scots, had landed the expedition and had returned to the Panama Canal en route to England. She was promptly held up in Cristobal, Panama, by the American authorities on the ground that, if they allowed her to sail, the treasure seekers who were being ejected from Cocos Island would be thrown as a charge upon the Panama authorities, and with no means of getting home.

It was a most startling development which aroused world wide attention, in view of the publicity which had been given previously to the departure of the expedition.

The expedition’s leaders had early radio advice of what was brewing. They came to Panama on the Queen of Scots, and rushed across to Costa Rica, and made due obeisance to the Costa Rican authorities, offering all sort of undertakings and promises.

But it was too late. Costa Rica was on the warpath. If there was any treasure in Cocos Island, Costa Rica was going to have it. Costa Rica, for once, was sitting on top of the world.

There was anti-climax w r hen the Costa Rican expedition, which had sailed from Punta Arenas, did not arrive at Cocos Island when expected; and it was feared that the gallant troops had been lost. But it transpired afterwards that the radio had gone out of order and that the Costa Ricans had become very sea-sick. They eventually reached Cocos Island, and duly arrested the 19 British treasureseekers —by whom they were entertained with courtesy and much hospitality.

Troops and treasure-seekers arrived in Punta Arenas on October 28, 1934. It was understood that the treasure-seekers were to be gaoled; but Costa Rica found a formula by which they were immediately set free, because they were “‘merely the .servants of Treasure Recovery Ltd.,” and they were allowed to proceed to Cristobal, where they rejoined the Queen of Scots.

The whole expedition thereupon returned disconsolately to England.

The far-seeing Republic of Costa Rica seized the whole of the expedition’s equipment and stores which had been disembarked on Cocos Island, on the ground that, as no steps had been taken to clear the vessel at the Costa Rican customs office, the material was contraband.

Naturally, there was a good deal of indignation expressed in London, when a funny little country like Costa Rica was allowed to act in this “outrageous” manner: but the British Government refused to interfere. It was quite clear from what had been done —or what had not been done —that Costa Rica had the law on its side.

Since the return of the Queen of Scots the organisers of the expedition have been doing their best to placate Costa Rica and secure permission to resume the search. But, of course, that is not easy.

Costa Rica holds the whip-hand; and in this case the whip-hand means a large portion of any treasure which may be recovered.

But a letter that was published In the London Daily Telegraph in August, 1934, from Admiral B. M. Chambers, has cast very grave doubt upon the whole story of the Cocos Island treasure.

The story is that, about 1820, Lima, a city of almost unbelievable riches, was

(Continued On Page 74.)

More Rich Uncles

FOR FIJI!

Boom Must Benefit The Colony THERE is every indication, as we go to press, of an increasing boom in the shares of the Fiji gold companies.

A number of people sound a cautious note; but their voices are quite overwhelmed by the opinions of those who declare that this new goldfield in northern Viti Levu is going to be proved enormously rich. The optimists insist that this is a “telluride” goldfield, which is of a character not known to the Australian experts, but which is well known in western America, A further flutter has been caused by the action of a syndicate, comprising Messrs. William Borthwick (discoverer of the Tavua lode), P. and D. Costello, W. Lawler and Blair, in pegging an area of 2000 acres on the headwaters of the Waimanu River. This appears to be one of the tributaries of the Rewa and the area apparently is in the high country towards the centre of Viti Levu, and southwards of the Tavua field. It is reported that the Aloha Syndicate, whose shares have gone to extraordinary values in Australia lately, is connected with the new area referred to.

It is difficult to keep track of all these Fiji companies and their jumping shares: and we certainly do not envy the Government of Fiji, which has undertaken the task of separating the sheep from the goats, with a view to discovering wild cats!

It is reported in Melbourne that the interest of speculators in Fiji gold is so keen that a cloud of depression has fallen upon West Australian gold shares, which previously held the market.

We imagine that it is going to turn out badly for someone—probably for over optimistic speculators —but the boom certainly will benefit Fiji. Hundreds of people are rushing off to the Colony; and, even if they do not find the gold they expect, the money they spend in Suva and thereabouts will not do anyone any harm.

Wild Trading in Fiji Gold Co.'s Shares AUSTRALIAN stock exchange speculators are still going crazy over Fiji gold-mine shares.

Further big leaps to large premiums marked trading in Loloma and Koroere, selected Fijian gold shares, on the Melbourne exchange, early in May. Both are paid only to 3/-. Loloma jumped 3/9 to 45/- cash, while business was written at 46/- for six weeks’ delivery. Koroere rose 1/6 to 26/6.

Australian Gold Development, which will participate in the forthcoming Emperor flotation, advanced from £6O to £66, closing at £64. Two days later, they were selling at £6B and £7O. The market expects that A.G.D. shareholders will have rights of subscription to at least 50 shares in the Emperor. Aloha Central and Viti Levu also regained some ground, but Fiji Mining Corporation was weaker.

In April, £lO shares in the Aloha Syndicate were sold in Melbourne at £l7O, £3OO, and £430!

The “Argus” said: Close on 20 Australian companies are interested in areas in Fiji, chiefly Tova Tova, six miles from Tavua, on the island of Viti Levu, and engineers who have inspected the Tavua area are impressed with its possibilities.

Apart from operations at the Emperor mine, on the western slope of Koroere Hill, which at present is privately owned, development work is still in the initial stages, and the vital question to be solved is whether the lodes which have returned rich assay values on the surface and at shallow levels, persist to any degree of depth and maintain their values. This can only be determined by the work undertaken by the leading companies or oy diamond drilling. Chief interest is centred in operations of the Loloma and Koroere companies. The property of the former company adjoins the Emperor mine on the west side, and several lodes traverse the area.

New Islands Vessel Contract Let for Union Co.’s M.V. Karu HHHE Union Steam Ship Company of New A Zealand Ltd. have placed a contract with Messrs. Hawthorne, Leslie and Co., Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the construction of their new cargo motor vessel Karu.

Delivery of the ship will be taken in twelve months ’time.

The Karu will be of 3900 tons, and will have accommodation for 40 passengers.

She will run between Auckland, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, being engaged in the fruit trade.

The vessel will be fitted with a 100 watts wireless telegraphy transmitter a*nd receiver, designed and constructed in Australia by Amalgamated Wireless (A/sia) Ltd. Details of the new ship were published in the April issue of the “Pacific Islands Monthly.”

Messrs. Hawthorne, Leslie and Co, built the Union Co.’s cargo steamer Wainui in 1930. This vessel is now successfully engaged in the Melbourne-New Zealand trade.

“P.I.M.” Representative in Fiji and N.Z.

THE advertising manager of the “Pacific Islands Monthly,” Mr. Jack Debert, left Sydney in April by the Niagara for New Zealand and Fiji, and is at present in Suva. The circulation of the magazine in Fiji has grown steadily during recent years, and the object of Mr. Debert’s visit is to make better arrangements for distribution there, in view of developments brought about by the Fiji gold discoveries.

Interest in gold, and the continued improvement in the copra market, are causing rapid improvement in economic conditions in all the Territories.

Mr. Debert, in June, will spend a couple of weeks in New Zealand, and will return to Sydney on June 29.

Sir Thomas Henley, K.8.E., who has been prominent in Australian public life for over 30 years, fell from a ferry in Sydney Harbour on May 14, and was drowned. He will be remembered by many residents in New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga, to which territories he made several visits. Sir Thomas Henley wrote four books dealing with the Pacific Islands: “Fiji. Land of Promise,”

“New Guinea,” “Australia’s Pacific Islands Mandates,” and “A Pacific Cruise.” 8 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Primage Anomaly

Officialdom “Pulls the Legs” of Territories’ Producers THE planters of New Guinea and Papua, though residents of Australian territories, are still being thrashed by the Commonwealth Department of Customs in the matter of primage duty; and, apparently, officialdom has no intention of granting any relief.

Early in 1934 we directed attention to the fact that the products of Papua and New Guinea, when brought to Australia, were being made subject to primage duty, amounting in some cases to 6 per cent.

In other words. New Guinea and Papua were being treated in this matter as if they were foreign countries.

The Sydney Chamber of Commerce brought the anomaly under the notice of the Federal Government; and the Minister responsible replied smoothly that the matter certainly would have attention when primage duties were being revised.

It was announced, early this year, that as from March 15, the products of the Territories imported to Australia would be subject to primage duty at the same rates as similar goods admitted under the British preferential tariff.

This appeared satisfactory. Islands merchants felt that, at long last, justice had been done.

But Australian officialdom merely was pulling the Territories’ collective leg!

There is practically no concession.

Importers of desiccated coconut, for instance, found the tariff unchanged. The same applied to various other products, which are peculiar to the tropical islands.

Much perplexed, we applied to the Collector of Customs, Sydney, for an explanation, and were courteously supplied with copies of Customs Proclamations Nos. 288, 289, and 290. And there the whole plot was exposed!

Primage duty has been removed from, or reduced, on goods from Papua and New Guinea only when similar articles, which are “the produce or manufacture of Great Britain,” come in at concession rates under the British preferential tariff.

Britain does not produce desiccated coconut, or coffee, or rubber, or a score of similar things; and so such imports into Australia, from New Guinea and Papua, are treated still exactly as if they were the produce of foreign countries.

Could official fatuousness go further!

A grave injustice is being done to these Territories, so the fight must go on. The matter will be brought up at the next session of the Commonwealth Government; and we suppose that more months will pass while we are trying to induce some bored and weary Minister to give it attention.

Meanwhile the Legislative Councils of Papua and New Guinea could help along the good work by taking some official notice of the subject.

Mr. A. R. Lowell, very well known in Papua, where he was at one time a member of the Public Service, died on April 15 at Port Moresby Hospital, following a long illness. Before going to Papua, he was for some years a barrister of the Inner Temple, London.

Mr. E. H, Griffiths, manager of the C.S.R. Co.’s mill at Penang, has returned to Fiji after a lengthy stay at the Belvedere Guest House, Sydney.

In Search Of The

“Devil-Pig”

Dyott Expedition Will Explore Sepik Country OLANS are practically complete for the expedition led by Commander G. M.

Dyott to depart from England and proceed to New Guinea to spend a year in scientific research in the Sepik River country, says a Melbourne newspaper.

Besides making a plane table survey of the country traversed, the party will study the primitive culture of the Sepik tribes. It is stated that the expedition hopes to obtain conclusive evidence of the existence of the “devil-pig,” a graminivorous animal with cloven feet.

This strange creature is greatly feared by Sepik natives, but so far only its tracks have been seen by white men.

Captain C. A. W. Monckton, a former New Guinea official, makes reference to the mysterious animal in his book “Recollections of a New Guinea Magistrate.”

The expedition, which has the support of the Royal Geographical Society and the goodwill of the Commonwealth Government, will include Mr. Dyott, two English explorers, and Mr. H. L. Williams, an Australian anthropologist. The collections made while the party is in the Mandated Territory will be divided between the Pitt River’s Museum at Oxford, England, and scientific institutions in Australia.

Dutch New Guinea Many Plans for Development UNDER the encouragement of the Dutch Government, there is much activity, proceeding and planned, in connection with the development of the rich but generally unknown resources of Dutch New Guinea.

We are informed that several companies have either sent representatives to the Territory, or are getting ready to do so, in order to investigate possibilities of settlement, planting, goldmining, oil discovery, etc.

The well-known Dutch scientist, Dr.

W. C. Klein, representative of the New Guinea Committee established at The Hague a couple of years ago to assist the development of Dutch New Guinea, arrived in Port Moresby at the end of April, in order to carry out a study of economic conditions in both Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, with a view to acquiring data which will be of use to his Committee.

Dr. Klein went on in the Dutch steamer to Rabaul, chief town of New Guinea.

He is accompanied by Mr. S. van Oosten, who has spent a year in studying New Guinea data at the Royal Colonial Institute in Amsterdam. They will remain a month in Rabaul and thence will proceed to the Morobe goldfields; and, after a few weeks there, will settle down for a further period in Port Moresby.

Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Southey, of Vunisamaloa, Ba, Fiji, returned to Suva by the Niagara at the end of April, after residing for a month at Belvedere Guest House, Darlinghurst. While in Sydney Mr. Southey suffered from a serious attack of duodenal ulcers, which delayed his return to Fiji.

How Civilization is Menaced Opinions of J. H. Curie, World Traveller, Who is About to Visit New Guinea MEW GUINEA and Papua, in the coming month, will be examined by the wise eye of Mr. J. H. Curie, famous writer of travel books, who has travelled one and a half million miles during his lifetime, and has looked into every hole and corner of this old earth. He leaves by the “Macdhui” this month to see personally “the romance of the Morobe goldfield.”

Those who meet Mr. Curie will hear some fascinating comment upon humankind and the probable future of the world.

“I sometimes try to picture this world as it will be a thousand years hence,” he said, to the Editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly, “and the mental picture makes me sick with horror. Mankind is doing so much to control the forces of nature, and so little to control itself. Unless something is done to prevent the rapid inter-breeding of races, I can see a world completely populated, in a few hundred years, by a crinkly-haired, chocolatecoloured people, with some attractive physical characteristics, but with mental and moral standards very different to the standards set up by the great nations of to-day.”

Mr. Curie has just arrived in Sydney from South America; and he had pointed comment to make about the racial mixtures which he has studied during his various visits to that continent.

“In Brazil, for instance, one sees some ten millions of African negroes, the descendants of slaves, rapidly breeding in with the Brazilians, who themselves are a mixture of Portuguese and South American Indian races. Imagine the Brazilian population of a few hundred years hence!”

Mr. Curie believes that another great European war is inevitable, and it will come soon; and its effect on European civilisation will be calamitous. It will be largely a war between aerial navies, and the destruction which will be wrought by bombs from aeroplanes will be something that at present almost baffles description.

Such a calamity—and it is almost upon us —will destroy much of European civilisation as we know it now; yet this madness of “nationalism” is driving steadily on to war.

“This madness of nationalism,” which Mr. Curie regards as a threat to our present civilisation is largely the creation of the great “popular” newspapers—concerns which, for the most part, are largely over-capitalised, and which in consequence bend all their energies and thought to the making of dividends, and subvert to that end the primary purpose of newspapers, which is to lead and mould public opinion. “They sacrifice all considerations to that of gaining circulation,” he said.

“Their main and indeed only purpose is to excite the people, whip up public interest, so that newspapers may be bought; and how easy it is to do this by scares, alarms and excursions in international politics.

“Ninety per cent, of the civilised peoples of the earth do not want wars,” he continued. “They want only peace and comparative comfort and freedom from anxiety. And how easy it would be to 9

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

create such a world, now that science has come in such large measure to our aid.

There are a number of international societies, working to that end; yet all their efforts, over a period of years, can be destroyed in a day by one pin-headed, irresponsible newspaper proprietor, trying to work up circulation with an illinformed, sensational article playing on national or racial prejudices.

“No,” he went on, in reply to the obvious question. “I can see no remedy for it. What individual or government will dare to interfere with ‘the liberty of the press’—even although the press—or a section of it —is drivng the world to selfdestruction!”

Smuggling In The

ISLANDS One Effect of New Hebrides Tariff SMUGGLING appears to be a lost art in the world nowadays. International commerce is too closely checked, and borders and frontiers too closely guarded.

A little smuggling still goes on, but its volume is very small indeed compared with what is was 100 years ago.

The wudely scattered territories of the Pacific, however, with their innumerable tariffs and countless small traders voyaging from group to group, still offer opportunities for this form of enterprise, and a good deal of smuggling goes on in this area.

It is practically impossible to stop it.

There are about 14 separate and distinct administrations in the Pacific, and most of them are small and without facilities for keeping an adequate guard over their boundaries.

For many years, until recently, the customs duties imposed in these territories were negligible and, therefore, the smuggler had few chances to apply his craft. But in more recent times, since the depression created difficulties in the balancing of budgets, new tariffs have been imposed and existing tariffs have been increased, and there is little doubt that a number of people who have no respect for fiscal laws are reaping a modest harvest.

An example of this comes under notice in relation to the New Hebrides. Wherever French governments rule, one finds ferocious tariffs, and the New Hebrides are no exception. There is a general tariff there of 12 per cent, ad valorem, but extra special duties are placed on such articles as whisky and cartridges.

Why this tariff has been placed on cartridges is difficult to understand, for ammunition is practically a necessity in that group. The effect is as might have been expected. Excellent cartridges are made in Australia and there is no doubt that very considerable consignments are purchased in Australian ports, and are smuggled by devious ways into the New Hebrides, where they are sold at rates •which, while much under those obtaining in the main stores, still return a substantial profit to tlje smugglers.

Probably as a result of this paragraph, the New Hebrides authorities will try to stop this traffic. We think that in the circumstances this is impossible. The only way to check smuggling is to remove oppressive duties—and that should be done in the case of cartridges in the New Hebrides.

Islands Wedding

Mr. Noel Owers—Miss Catherine

MARY WALSH.

BEAUTIFUL indeed was the setting for the marriage of Catherine, eldest daughter of Mrs.

A. Walsh, of the Gladstone Hotel, Leichhardt, to Mr. Noel T. Owers, of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd., Wau, New Guinea, and only son of Mr. and Mrs. Donald Owers, of The Boulevarde, Lewisham. The wedding was on Saturday morning, May 11, at St. Thomas’ Church, Lewisham, Sydney.

The high altar and sanctuary were massed with a profusion of exquisite white flowers and the lighted candles of the candelabra, intermingled with the incense, made a beautiful picture. Posies of white flowers, tied with butterfly bows of tulle, marked the pews reserved for the guests.

Entering the church on the arm of her brother, Mr. E. S. Walsh, to the strains of the “Wedding March,” the bride won little gasps of admiration in her classic gown of white and silver brocade, made on long trained lines, over which fell a point lace veil, over 50 years old, loaned by her aunt, Mrs. J. A. Burke. This was held in place by a coronet of orange blossoms, and, in her hand, she carried a mother-of-plearl missal —a truly beautiful and unusual one —from which trailed a lei of lily-of-the-valley.

In attendance were the Misses Molly Walsh and Elma Owers, in charming gowns of Marina blue brocade, worn with large lemon felt hats, and shower bouquets of golden roses. Diamante bracelets, the gifts of the bridegroom, completed a lovely group. The bridegroom was attended by Mr. John McNamara as best man and Mr. Leslie McEnally as groomsman.

After the ceremony, immediate relatives were entertained at the bride’s home, Mrs. Walsh receiving the guests, assisted by Mrs. Owers, senr.

In the evening a reception was held at the Pickwick Club, where 70 guests were received by Mrs.

Walsh in a gown of violet sand crepe, and matching hat and silver fox furs. Mrs. Owers, senr., who was gowned in soft dove-grey crepe, carried a posy of red Radiance roses.

After a short honeymoon Mr. and Mrs. Owers will sail by the “Montoro” on May 22 for Wau, New Guinea, where they will make their future home.

Mr. O. F. Nelson’S Exile

From Samoa

English Privy Council Refuses Appeal THE Privy Council, England, has dismissed Mr. O. F. Nelson’s appeal against the verdict given in June last year by the Full Court of New Zealand, upholding the sentence of 10 years’ exile from Western Samoa.

Convicted of sedition by the High Court of Samoa, Mr. Nelson was sentenced in March, 1934, to eight months’ imprisonment and 10 years’ banishment. He appealed to the N.Z. Full Court, which quashed the gaol sentence, but allowed the sentence of exile to stand.

Mr. Nelson, who is now living in New Zealand, made a final appeal to the Privy Council in London, and it is this appeal that has just been refused.

Prominent Islanders Receive Jubilee Medals OX May 6, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of His Majesty King George’s ascension to the throne of England, thousands of British citizens throughout the Empire were awarded a special medal, bearing Their Majesties’ portrait, for services rendered to their country.

Prominent officials in the Pacific territories under Australian control who received Jubilee medals were Brigadier- General W. R. McNicoll (Administrator of New Guinea), Judge D. S. Wanliss (Chief Justice of New Guinea), Sir Hubert Murray, K.C.M.G., C.B.E. (Lieutenant-Governor of Papua), Captain C.

R. Pinney, M.C. (Administrator of Norfolk Is.), and Commander R, C. Garsia (Administrator of Nauru).

Other recipients included: New Guinea: J. A. Andrew, E. T. Brennan (Director of Health), R. L. Clark (President, N.G. Branch of the R.S.S. 1.L.A.), G. G. Hogan (Crown Law Officer), H. H. Page (Government Secretary), N.

Penglase (A.D.0.), Judge F. B. Phillips, W. B. Prior (Warrant Officer), J. L. Taylor (A.D.0.), Gordon Thomas, Colonel J.

Walstab, Mrs. E. J. Wauchope (Awar Plantation, Madang), and A. Worman (Police Constabulary).

Papua; H. W. Champion (Government Secretary), Dr. W. E. Giblin (Government Medical Officer), Hon. J. G, Nelsson (Non-Official Member of Legislative Council), and Right Rev. Henry Newton (Bishop of New Guinea).

Norfolk Island: T. Adams (Methodist Home Mission), F. R. M. Crozier (President of Executive Council), E. Christian (Vice-President of Executive Council), and Councillor E. C. Robinson.

Residents of New Guinea will be pleased to learn that Brigadier-General Thomas Griffiths, C.M.G., C.8.E., D. 5.0., former Administrator of New Guinea, who is now living in Victoria, was not forgotten. Three other persons, now living in Australia, were also awarded medals for their services to three different Islands territories: Mrs. Elizabeth Mahony (formerly of Sudest Is., Papua), Brigadier-General E. A. Wisdom, C. 8., C.M.G., D.S.O. (at one time Administrator of New Guinea), and Mr. W. A.

Newman (former Administrator of Nauru).

The Charming Bride —Photo by Falk Studio. 10 May 21. 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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TROHCALITIES THAT Pacific prototype of Trader Horn, Henry Dexter, left Papua last year with money in his pocket and joy in his ©ver-youthful heart. He was counting the days until he could reach England—“a kindly green country, with no fever, where one could get cool.” Alas for human hopes! Henry Dexter finds that all his old friends are gone, all his old sailing clubs are in the hands of a new generation, and that the English climate is atrocious. He is sitting over a “damned radiator,” bitterly envying the man who bought his trade-store in Milne Bay. “If you don’t see me back in the Pacific within six months you can reasonably assume that I am dead,” writes Henry, under date of March 17. « * * A WORLD wanderer with an interesting personality arrived in Sydney recently —Colonel Gouzy, a distinguished French soldier and explorer. Colonel Gouzy has spent many years in Africa, which great •continent he appears to know well from Algiers to Cape Town. He has been recently in French Oceania, and he now is on his way across Central Australia to Darwin.

In making his way back from the Tuamotus to Tahiti on a native schooner, Colonel Gouzy had a unique experience.

It rained pitilessly one night, and the 40 natives aboard, who usually slept on deck, crowded into the one cabin below.

Colonel Gouzy liked their company well enough, but the odour of packed humanity was more than he could bear, and he returned on deck, into the rain.

There the roving eye of the experienced explorer noticed one solitary shelter near the stern —the common “convenience.” He examined it and found it weatherproof.

Inside, there was a Polynesian whe seemed anxious to remain there. Th* Colonel prowled about the deck, awaiting his chance; but, becoming thoroughly wet and numbed from cold, he pulled th*" native out of the little house and ensconced himself there, with his coa* wrapped around his shivering body. He spent the night in this unusual resting place. He admitted that it was a "situation extraordinaire,” and he said that whatever sanitation experts might argue, he found it preferable to the conditions in the packed cabin. * * 0 IF ever there was a journalistic Jack-inthe-box it is our friend Marc. T.

Greene, American world-wanderer, who regularly bobs up in the most unexpected places. Some two years ago, he was in Tahiti; then he appeared as a correspondent among the contending armies in China; next he was in Sydney; then he went to Samoa, where his breezy articles stirred various worthy gentlemen to frenzy: from there he went to U.S.A., and spent some time in Boston and New York.

Now comes a cheery letter, dated March 4, from Buenos Aires, and a copy of a daily newspaper of that city, wherein the provocative views of M.T.G. are clearly set forth. We can only hope that the fiery Argentines do not slay him. He writes: “This is a breath-taking city, this Buenos Aires —two and a half millions of people from all over the world here to make money—if they can. The size and magnificence of the place would seem to indicate that some has been made by somebody, and even now there is the appearance of far more prosperity here than in most cities. Before coming here I was in Rio de Janeiro, which is beautiful as a dream—all that has been said of it and more. I expect to return there presently for a longer stay.” * ♦ ♦ A FEW years ago a man now prominent in Suva was manager of a firm in Levuka. In his employ as a packer was a European who owned a herd of cows, and supplemented his packer’s wages by supplying milk to the townsfolk. The manager was one of his customers.

One morning, the manager’s wife found an extraordinary little creature in th© milk. They thought at first it was an overgrown microbe; but their servant diagnosed it expertly as a freshwater prawn, which swarm in the Fijian creeks.

The manager grimly wrapped the body in a piece of paper and strode off to his office. He summoned his packer-milkman.

“We found this in the milk this morning,” he said. “Can you explain it?”

“What is it?” asked the packer.

“It is a prawn,” declaimed the manager.

“Well, isn’t that remarkable!” said the packer. “I am very glad to have this. I am just sick and tired of telling those boys of mine that they must not use the water from the creek.” * * * THE Melbourne “Herald,” for some time, has been carrying on a campaign with the object of getting legislation to compel mining companies to issue to their shareholders periodical reports of operations, such reports to be in language intelligible to the layman.

The Melbourne paper is to be congratulated. If ever a reform were needed in connection with the share-selling business, this is the one. In recent years there have been hundreds of small companies, in one form or another, floated in Australia to prosecute the search for gold in the Pacific territories; but it is quit© impossible to keep track of them. A very few of them get beyond the stage of optimism and share-selling—the rest just disappear, and the unfortunate shareholders do not know anything about their fate —not even enough to justify a few tears over their demise. This magazine for the past three years has been trying to keep track of the various syndicates companies, etc., which have been formed to seek gold in the Islands; but it is a hopeless task. And there is more than a suspicion that a considerable proportion of the reports that are issued are deliberately couched in language that no one can really understand. * * * GERMANY’S plea for the return of her colonies, so that she may be given a source of raw materials, and scope for her colonising enterprise, grows steadily more insistent. During the month, a new note was added to the discussion.

Sir Abe Bailey, the South African mining magnate, in a strongly-worded letter in the London “Daily Telegraph,” said: “Germany lost her colonies by a just ver* diet of the sword. The Power which imposed on prostrate Russia and Roumania the ruthless treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Bucharest has no right to protest against the terms of the so-called dictated peace.”

It is a not untimely reminder of an aspect of the Great War which many of us have forgotten. When the Prussian had his foot on the neck of Russia and Roumania, and thought he was winning the war, he showed very little of the consideration he now is asking for, in a revision of the Versailles settlement.

Still, two wrongs do not make right, even in international affairs. * * ♦ THE death has taken place at Te Kuiti (New Zealand) of Hotu, a well-known Maori identity, who caused a sensation some years ago by coming alive at his own tangi. He had been “dead” for four days, and was about to b© buried when he awakened, enraged, to find that all his pigs had been slain for th© feasting of the numerous visitors.

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About Islands People

Dr. J. C. Beaglehole, who did post graduate work at Yale University last year under Professor Peter H, Buck, is now at Puka Puka, in the Northern Cook Group, where he intends spending six months carrying out ethnological research.

Dr. Beaglehole is a graduate of Victoria University College, of Wellington, New Zealand. His recently published volume, “Exporation of the Pacific” has been favourably reviewed in England, America, and Australia.

Professor and Mrs. Peter H. Buck, of the Bishop Museum, returned to Honolulu by the last trip of the Monterey. The professor received a warm welcome in his native New Zealand, especially from his old friends of the Auckland Savage Club, who made him a presentation of an illuminated address. Accompanied by Sir Apirana Ngata, he visited his native Maori people at Urenui, in the Taranaki district, which he always makes a point of doing when re-visiting New Zealand.

Mr. N. A. Pyne, formerly of Tonga, who was driven out of that territory by the depression a couple of years ago, is now doing very well in business in Sydney.

He took over a factory called Panels Ltd., producing veneers and panels, and has benefited considerably in the general business recovery in Australia.

Mr. A. E. Lee returned by the Macdhui in May to Bulolo Gold Dredging Co.’s camp, on the Morobe goldfield, New Guinea, after leave in Australia, Mr. F. J. Giles, of the N.G. Public Health Department, arrived in Sydney with his wife on six months’ long leave by the April Montoro from New Guinea.

Rev. George H. West, who has been with the Melanesian Mission since 1913, left Sydney to return to his work at Santa Cruz and the Reef Islands, Solomons Group, by the Malaita on April 18.

He had been in Australia on short furlough.

Mr. R. St. George Ryder, formerly manager of Messrs. Morris Hedstrom’s branch at Devuka, Fiji, has been transferred to the head office at Suva.

Mr. J. H. Curie, world-famous as an author of fascinating travel books, intends to make an early visit to the New Guinea goldfield, and it is just possible that he will tell the fascinating story of that new industry and community. He has referred to the activities of the Bulolo Gold Dredging Co., and of Guinea Airways Ltd., as one of the greatest romances of its kind in the world. Mr. Curie, as well as being a writer, is a highly qualified mining engineer.

Mr. G. H. Murray, Director of Agriculture in New Guinea, accompanied by Mrs.

Murray, left Sydney by the Mariposa on May 1, for America and Europe, Mr. Murray will spend some time in Hawaii, where he will examine the results of the entomological researches carried out under the auspices of combined sugar planters of Hawaii.

Mr. W. R. Woods, general manager of the Malayta Co., Lid., Sydney, departed by the Malaita for Solomon Islands on April 18. He will make the round tour, visiting all the Malayta Co.’s branches in the Group.

Rev. and Mrs. Alfred Mason, Melanesian missionaries at North Mala, Solomon Islands, returned for further work at their station by the April Malaita.

Dr. D. C. M. Macpherson recently returned to Fiji after an absence of 18 months spent in study and travel in the United States and Great Britain. Dr.

Macpherson is well known in the South Pacific as a Government Medical Officer in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, and was awarded a Fellowship by the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1933. He has now been transferred to the Colony of Fiji, where he is presently to take charge of the Central Medical School at Suva.

Mr. M. Crocker, Inspector and Instructor of the Department of Agriculture in New Guinea, recently arrived in New South Wales on four months’ furlough.

Mr. H. L. Downing, Assistant District Officer in the New Guinea Administration, left Sydney for Rabaul by the May Macdhui.

Mr. C. O'Sullivan, of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. staff at Golden Ridges, returned to New Guinea by the Macdhui on May 2. 12 May 21. 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Right Rev. Henry Newton, D.D., Bishop of New Guinea, has announced that he will retire from the New Guinea Mission at the end of the year. His Lordship has completed over 30 years of mission work in Papua and New Guinea. He joined the New Guinea Mission staff 16 years ago; and, later, was elected Bishop of Carpentaria. In 1921 he was translated from the Diocese of Carpentaria to be Bishop of New Guinea, and, with headquarters at Samarai, he has served in Papua ever since.

Miss Mollie Hodge, who has charge of the Methodist Girls’ School at Salamo, Papua, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui from Sydney on May 2.

Rev. H. T. Shotton, M.A., arrived in ’Sydney by the Macdhui from Papua on April 16. With his wife and son, he went on to Victoria where they will spend their furlough. After a brief visit to Tasmania, Mr. Shotton will return to the Methodist Mission at Kiriwina, Papua.

Mr. H. Morris Smith, assistant secretary and accountant, and Mr. R. M. Buik, auditor, of Guinea Airways Ltd., left Sydney by the May Macdhui for Papua.

They caught their company’s big Ford passenger ’plan© at Port Moresby ami flew across to Guinea Airways Ltd’s headquarters at Lae, New Guinea.

Mr. G. M. Rodger, of the Malayta Co.

Ltd., Sydney, left by the Malaita on April 18, for Cape Marsh, Solomon Islands. He will visit all his company’s branches in the group and return to Australia in August.

Mr. Pat Costello, one of the pioneers of the Fiji gold industry, returned to Suva by the Mariposa early in May after a business visit to Melbourne.

Miss Inez E. Foulcher, returned to Fiji by the Niagara on April 26. She is principal of the girls’ school at Matavelo, which is conducted by the Methodist Missionary Society.

Mr. H. B. Jamieson and Mr. H. G. Hyde, directors of Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd., left Sydney by the Macdhui at the beginning of May for their company’s property near Wau, New Guinea. Mr. M.

Crookshanks, mining engineer, accompanied them to carry out testing operations on the Sandy Creek leases.

Dr. L. A. Andrews, accompanied by his wife, arrived in Sydney en route to Europe by the Mariposa from Tonga via Fiji on April 25. He has been assistant Government medical officer at Haapai and, later, Nukualofa for several years, and has now retired on pension. Before going to Tonga, Mr. Andrews was for many years attached to the C.S.R. Co’s, staff in Fiji, and later was in the service of the Vancouver Fiji Sugar Co. at Navua.

On their return from the continent he and his wife will reside in Sydney.

Lady Murray, wife of the Papuan Administrator, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui on May 2, after a holiday visit to Australia.

Mr. A. E. Allman left Sydney by the Malaita on April 18 for Makambo, Solomon Islands. He recently joined the staff of Messrs. Burns Philp (S.S.) Ltd. and will be stationed at Makambo as bookkeeper.

Mr. R. R. Anson, of Fiji, arrived in Sydney with his wife and two children by the Mariposa on April 23, On behalf of the Cotton Growing Association, Mr.

Anson has been experimenting with cotton plants for a number of years at Sigatoka.

He was able to evolve a new type of cotton which is thought to be most applicable to Fiji conditions. Having completed his work in the Colony Mr. Anson has now been transferred to the Sudan.

Mr. Peter Radcliffe, New Guinea prospector and explorer, left Sydney for Papua by the Macdhui on May 2. He returned to Port Moresby and then set off into the interior for the Tauri area, where he is supervising operations for Golden Stream N.L.

Mr. W. J. Candler, travelling inspector for Messrs. Gillespie Bros. Ltd., the wellknown manufacturers of Anchor flour, Sydney, returned from New Guinea by the Tanda in April, and will leave shortly on a business trip to Fiji.

Mr. G. R. Robertson, manager of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co.’s mill at Lautoka, returned to Fiji by the April Niagara after furlough. Other C.S.R. officials who returned to the Colony on the Niagara after leave spent in Australia were Mr. and Mrs. G. A. L. Zillman (of Penang), Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Greenwood (of Lautoka), and Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Seymour.

Mr. John Dalton, of the prospecting staff of Placer Development Ltd v returned to Bulolo, New Guinea, by the Macdhui on May 2. 13

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

About Islands People

For Pianos, Organs and all Musical Instruments

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Sydney, or through Burns Philp & Coy. Ltd., or Mcllwraiths, Ltd. advt M rs. Ove Hertz, better known to many as Mrs. Eileen Whiteman, has been seriously ill in the Namanula hospital, New Guinea, for several weeks. Latest reports indicate that her condition has improved.

Miss Juliette Bernard, of the Shell Co., was in Melbourne recently on her way to France to spend her annual furlough with her sister in Paris. She is a member of the Shell Go’s, staff at Noumea, New Caledonia.

Mr. Arthur J. Vogan, well-known traveller and writer on Pacific affairs, sailed from Sydney for Suva by the Niagara at the end of April. He will pursue his archaelogical investigations in the Colony.

Dr. Northcote Deck, Avho for 20 years was a missionary in the Solomon Islands for the South Seas Evangelical Mission, recently returned to Australia from England. He is now deputation secretary of the mission, residing at Gordon, N.S.W.

For many years he was captain of the mission ship “Evangel” in the Solomons.

Dr. Deck was the first white man to cross the then cannibal island of Malaita and, for his exploratory work in the group, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

Miss Smythe, who was for many years in charge of the C.S.R. Go’s, rest-house at Lautoka, Fiji, is now living in retirement at Belvedere Guest House, Darlinghurst, N.S.W.

Mr. C. W. Mann, M.A., left Sydney for Suva, Fiji, by the Mariposa on May 1.

He has been awarded a grant by the Carnegie Trust, America, to make a close investigation of the problem of education in Fiji. Mr. Mann will work in cooperation with the Fiji Government.

Rev. N. H. Wright, 8.A., Methodist Missionary among the Indians at Ba r Fiji, will leave Suva shortly for Auckland, New Zealand, on two months’ sick leave.

Rev. Stephen Lehner, Superintendent of the Lutheran Mission (Neuendettelsau.

Mission Society) at Finschafen, recently left New Guinea on extended furlough by the “Friderun” for Hongkong and Europe.

He has been in the Mandated Territory for 32 years, and is a noted authority on matters pertaining to the country, its natives, and their culture. His place has been taken by Rev. William Flierl, son of Rev. John Flierl, D.D., founder and first Superintendent of the mission, and who is now living in retirement in South Australia. The new Superintendent, who received his theological training in Germany and America, was formerly in charge of the native seminary at Heldsbach, New Guinea.

Mr. H. Hawker, of the mechanical staff of the “Rabaul Times,” New Guinea, has arrived in Sydney on furlough. He is being relieved by Mr. E. Palmer (on leave from the Halstead Printing Co., Ltd., Sydney), who will spend six months in Rabaul.

Mr. F. Fo urnier, a geologist, who is attached to the prospecting staff of Placer Development Ltd., returned to Bulolo, New Guinea on May 2, after furlough in Australia. While in Sydney Mr. Fournier was married to Miss Jean MacDearmid, who. recently arrived in Australia from Vancouver, Canada.

Brigadier-General E. A. Wisdom, C. 8., C.M.G., D. 5.0., returned to Sydney by the Macdhui from Papua on April 17. He left immediately for Melbourne to report to his co-directors of Lakekamu Goldfields (Papua) Development, N.L., the results of his tour of inspection of the areas held by them on the Lakekamu field.

Sister Mary Ignatius returned to Bum on the southern coast of Bougainville Island, New Guinea, by the April Malaita. She has completely recovered from her illness which necessitated a 16 months’ health rest in Australia. For over 25 years she has been attached to* the Marist mission station at Buin.

Mr. B. G. Edgell, of Messrs. Edgell and Whiteley, proprietors of Pak plantations, Manus, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney in April on furlough after spending some months in the East. He is spending a few weeks in Australia before returning to the territory.

Mr. G. Fulton, who was general manager in Sydney for several years for Messrs. Lever’s Pacific Plantations Pty.

Ltd. and who now has retired, left for England at the end of April. He intends to spend the next few years in Europe.

Mr. H. W. G. Nobbs, who is a director of Messrs. Holbrooks (A/sia) Ltd., accompanied by Mrs. Nobbs, will leave by the m.v. Malaita on May 30, on a tour of the Solomon Islands and New Guinea.

They will spend a few days in Rabaul and will return to Sydney by the Macdhui.

Mr. Sydney Nobbs, of Norfolk Island, who has been in Australia on a holiday visit for some weeks, will leave Sydney for Lord Howe Island by the Morinda on June 8.

Mr. Wallace E. Hayes has been appointed a director of Edie Options Ltd., a Melbourne company formed to seek gold in New Guinea. 14 May 21. 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

SEEDS that SUCCEE D © \ Vegetable and Flower Seeds 3d. and 6d. per Packet Spraying Fluids Stocked George Austen and Co Seed Merchants 4 Parker Street, SYDNEY Established 1898. (COLLECTOR of shells desires to ■* make reciprocal arrangement with collectors of shells (marine, land and fresh water) in Pacific Islands, with view to exchanging specimens.

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McDonald From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, April 18 /~HHEF Judge D. S. Wanliss yesterday sentenced to death the former native constable Sipei, who was found guilty of the murder of A.D.O. Edward Colin Mc- Donald at Ambunti, at the end of February.

It was disclosed during the hearing of the case that McDonald arrived at Ambunti from Angoram on February 24, with a native constable named Bei. The following day Acting Patrol Officer Hepburn arrived by the Govt, schooner Thetis, and went into quarters at the Patrol Officer’s bungalow, where the deceased was already in residence.

Just after dawn of the morning of the 28th., Hepburn heard a report coming from McDonald’s room, and immediately after heard the A.D.O. cry, “My God, I’m shot.” Hepburn jumped out of bed and ran into McDonald’s room. He saw at a glance that McDonald was fatally wounded and dashed out of the room in time to see a native in police uniform disappearing around the kitchen corner. He gave chase, calling to the figure to stop; but the native continued on and climbed down the slope of a cliff.

Hepburn returned to McDonald, who was unconscious; medical assistance was sent for, but the A.D.O. died shortly afterwards.

The accused pleaded provocation and gave evidence, corroborated in some instances by fellow police-boys, to the effect that the deceased had assaulted him after an argument. It was alleged that after the assault the accused was made to travel in a canoe, towed behind the launch for three days. Another incident, an unsuccessful claim for a dog by Sipei was also mentioned. These incidents, the defence claimed, constituted a series of indignities which led up to the accused first planning suicide, and then the murder of the deceased and his own suicide.

Sipei in his evidence tendered a full confession of the crime, and described his attempted suicide, first by stabbing with a small knife and then by throwing himself from a tree which rendered him unconscious.

After carefully weighing the evidence, His Honour the Chief Judge returned a verdict of guilty and later passed a sentence of death upon the accused.

Mr. Maunsell-Turner appeared for the Crown and Mr. F. W. Mantle A.D.O.

Rabaul, for the defence.

In Search Of Gold

Two Adventurers Sail for Papua in 32-ft. Yawl Gitana 11., a 32ft. sturdily built ■*- cruising yacht with an eight horsepower auxiliary engine, manned by two young farm hands, sailed from Williamstown, Victoria, on April 25 for a cruise of the Western Pacific in search of gold.

Becoming weary of life on a farm at Port Albert, the two adventurers, J. R.

Vicary and R. B. Moffat, decided to seek their fortune in Papua. Neither has had much experience with the sea, but they both have been studying navigation and sailing since the Gitana 11. was launched at the end of last year.

They intend to sail to Lord Howe Island, then make north-east for the Louisade Archipelago, Papua. At Misima Island they will be joined by Captain G. Pentland, and then will set off to conduct a gold search among the surrounding islands.

Copra Price In Northern

COOKS From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 19.

TITR. SAM BENNETT, former co-manager of Rarotonga’s leading store, recently returned from furlough to take over control of Messrs. A. B. Donald and Co.’s interests in the Cook Islands. Alive to the problems of “depression trading,” Manager Bennett plans to increase business by a rigid internal economy and closer co-operation between local firms for the purpose of securing mutual benefits.

Raising the price of copra to £2/6/8 per ton in the Northern Islands of the Group, one of his first moves was to make it quite clear that this amount would be subject to the £1 per ton tax which is to be reintroduced on July 1. Executives have formerly taken into account any taxation before fixing prices and, consequently, a large number of native growers remained ignorant of the existence of such. 16 May 21, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Fiji Butter

Remarkable Growth of Tropical Dairying Industry ACCORDING to articles which have been published in the New Zealand newspapers, dairy farming is proceeding very satisfactorily in Fiji.

At Navua, a three hours’ journey by launch from Suva, there is a 10,000 acres pastoral farm, where 1000 Friesian and Jersey cows yield about 250,000 lbs. of butter annually. There is a European manager, butter-maker, and herd-tester: the rest of the labour is supplied by 100 Indian employees. The farm also carries 300 fat cattle, for the Fiji butcheries, and 500 pigs, which are fattened on the skimmed milk—and both are profitable side-lines.

For some years, until recently, this and other dairying farms exported butter; but now regulations restricting the importation of edible oils make it necessary to devote the whole butter production' to the local market. The surplus is made into ghee for the increasing Indian population of Fiji.

It is said that this Navua establishment is the biggest dairy farm under one manager in the world.

A resident of Fiji writes to us, to complain that the publicity given in the New Zealand newspapers to the Navua farm conveys a wrong impression. On the figures quoted, he says, the farm should be profitable: but the £1 shares of the Fiji Pastoral Co. may be bought for 2/-.

On appearances, argues our correspondent, the Navua concern is not making satisfactory profits.

“There may be some other explanation,” adds the writer. “The only other butter factory in Fiji is paying its suppliers 4d. per pound more for butter fat than Is being paid by the Navua concern.”

Clashing Currencies

The Position in the New Hebrides THE extraordinary position created in the New Hebrides by clashing currencies continues. Some extraordinary results have come under our notice.

The fare on the Dutch steamer Van Rees (which runs from Port Moresby to Rabaul and thence through the New Hebrides and New Caledonia to Sydney) is £22 Australian for the trip from Rabaul to Sydney; but if the traveller joins the Van Rees at Vila he pays for his fare to Sydney 1670 francs, which is equal to £29 in Australian currency. That is to say, for a voyage which is six days less than the voyage from Rabaul to Sydney he pays £6 or £7 more. If the traveller joins the Van Rees in Noumea for Sydney, he will pay a fare of 1250 francs which in Australian money is slightly more than £2O.

That is to say, he pays for about half the voyage about the same fare as for the full voyage from Rabaul to Sydney. This, of course, is not the fault of the Dutch company—it is compelled to fix its fares in the currency of the ports from which the boat sails; but the effect is often quaint.

A Sydney business man recently travelled from Sydney back to Sydney on what is called the “flying trip” of the French steamer Laperouse, whose route was Sydney Noumea Vila Santo Sydney, occupying 14 days. He paid for this in francs, the equivalent of £6l/8/- in Australian currency. The B.P. steamer, making practically the same voyage, but calling at Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, instead of Noumea, and also at many New Hebrides ports, and being absent at least four weeks, charges £36 for practically the same round trip.

Mrs. J. B. Bruce, the editor and publisher of the “Norfolk Island Times,’’ had her interesting work described at length in a recent article in the “Sydney Morning Herald.” The “N.I. Times” has a circulation of 300 copies weekly, and is neatly and attractively produced on a commercial duplicator.

Cook Is. Orange Crop

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 20.

THE first consignment of the new orange crop is to leave by the Maunganui on April 23. Owing to the extensive damage done by the recent hurricane, shipments this year will be considerably smaller than usual.

Prices quoted at the beginning of the week were 5/- in the shed for mark 150 and higher: 4/- for marks 112 and 126. To these figures—which show a nett profit to the grower, less labour costs —no exception can reasonably be taken, as they represent a slight increase on the prices obtained during the last year or two.

Native growers, wishing to take full advantage of the good prices, are occasionally shortsighted enough to attempt the despatch of immature fruit. Such actions are liable to come back in the form of permanent suspicion and low price levels. This is one of the disadvantages that European planters are subjected to when their fruit forms only a small part of consignments, shipped largely by native growers.

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Globe Trade Beef, 12oz. tins (4 doz.) . . 5/3 doz., 19/- case Globe Trade Beef, 12oz. tins, 3 case lots 18/- case Globe Sheep Tongues, 12oz. tins 1/11 tin, 13/- doz.

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Mauritius Beans As A Chance Crop

A Few Words in Season for Papuan Planters THREE or four years ago, when I was planning to exchange a prosaic job in Australia for a career on the land in Papua, I felt I had one small trump card up my sleeve that would never fail me.

When estimates, on investigation, began to show less rosy prospects than expected, I consoled myself with the thought that Mauritius Beans would at least keep the pot boiling during the lean years while a permanent crop was coming into bearing.

My text books told me nothing about growing Mauritius Beans for sale, although I knew that a good many small planters produced them, and I had to depend on a few newspaper comments and a list of market prices ranging over five or six years.

Since then I have been growing the Beans for two years, and have gained a Tophet of a lot of experience, some of which I confided to the Editor of the P.I.M. He said that other growlers might be interested in wbat 1 told him —hence this article, which attempts to show how to grow and harvest the beans, the costs of doing so, and the returns that may be expected.

Probably, there is nothing written here that is not known to every Bean grower, with the possible exception of the “surprise ending” to the tale; but, remembering my own fruitless hunt after information, these notes may be of use to somebody similarly placed. I have since learned that the Queensland Department of Agriculture have published a pamphlet on the subject, but my experience did not tally with it —not by a long chalk. Any grower reading that pamphlet’s account of the yield of Mauritius Beans might think his fortune was made.

There is a story current in Papua that, at a meeting of a now defunct planters’ association held many years ago, an experienced member stated that the Mauritius Bean was the greatest curse ever introduced into the country. He was, of course, referring to the plant as a cover crop, and not as a revenue producer. The Bean is, however, not a curse, for it at least puts back a little nitrogen into the soil; but as a cover crop it may rightly be termed a fraud. It does not cover; it simply soars, allowing Lalang (the long grass that invades neglected plantations and which really is a curse) to flourish all the better underneath it.

But, I ask you, where does Lalang not flourish?

But our present consideration of Beans is as a chance, not a cover crop. In course of time, the vine bears beans which are used by North Queensland sugar farmers to fertilise their canefields; and hence it has a definite market value which may help on the poor Island planter while more ambitious schemes are developing.

SOIL.

It is said, the poorer the soil the better the yield. I have seen a good crop raised among granite boulders where there was practically no soil, and I have raised a tidy few myself on good fat loam. In fact, it does not seem particular about soil, though it refused to grow on waterlogged ground; and, when planted among heavy Lalang, showed a slightly reduced yield. Probably it likes best an arid sandy soil, and certainly a dryish climate so soon as fruit has set is a great help in harvesting.

Absolutely clean land in Papua appears to be a myth, or at least an ideal. When the time came to sow, my land was like the general run, somewhat of a wilderness. That is to say, it had been neither ploughed nor hoed, was covered with vigorous weed growth, and the Passiflora was beginning to take possession. But the Bean did not seem to mind a little competition. It germinated well and shot up from the jump till it soon overtopped everything in reach. Probably the 18 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

So-called “Simple” Remedies are useless in Tropic Skin Infection Half measures are valueless when it comes to dealing with Dhobie Itch, Too Rot, Ringworm of the Nail, etc. Skin specialists regard these diseases as being amongst the most difficult skin complaint* to treat successfully; a few years ago they were considered incurable. Recent laboratory tests, however, prove that Antinea Antiseptic Lotion, a combination of powerful germicidal oils, affords a highly successful treatment for Tropic Ringworm in all its forms. It is the one positive treatment; powerful enough to completely destroy the germs, yet harmless to the most tender skin.

Treatment with Antinea is simple. First wash the affected area and dry thoroughly.

Then paint Antinea on the skin, allowing it to dry on. Repeat this treatment every night and morning; within a short time every germ will be destroyed and the skin freed from infection.

An Island resident writes: "J have been suffering from Singapore Foot for the past 10 years. I think I have tried everything under the sun to cure this terrible disease :without success until I was advised to try Antinea. I am now completely cured by using less than one bottle, and tender my thanks at being relieved from so distressing a malady ”

Antinea is obtainable at all branches of Burnt Philp and Co., Ltd.; Morris Hedstrom and Co., Ltd. (Suva); A. J. Swann and Co., Ltd. (Suva); Brown and Joske (Suva); Michelmore and Co. (Suva); W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd.

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POLING Supports - necessary and must be mathemaUca^Hy 1 many poles will be required per acre if placed in rows of eight feet from one another and six apart in the rows. Then multiply the result by the number of acres you intend to plant. The number will surprise you The stronger and higher the support the better the yield; but quite frail sticks or young scrub trees will hold them up "ctsfs •"“t^is 1, not Te^Ly ha to pabular" iusef Shield •*» "til?,' Wh ‘ Ch are d0l " S d " ty f ° r x e second yeai.

Sowing, at stake in the loose earth at the foot of the poles, can be done during the rains. January sowing, with me, produced marketable beans in August, April sowing up to November But it is wise to get on to the market early m the season and the November consignment must be the last.

An occasional clean up of very rampant neighbours is necessary, especially Passiflora, which in the early stages hooks on to the vines and prevents them going up the supports. & ‘ YIELD.

If you want an optimist’s estimate, consult the pamphlet already referred to, where it is stated that the best (!) soil will produce up to 100 bushels per acre, and that 30 is th© average. Against this, I place my own yield of about 12, which I consider could be increased to 16 or even 18 by closer planting and more attention.

This was my experience, and maybe I am the mug; but, after all, the Mauritius Bean is a Mauritius Bean and not a sweet pea. That 100-bushel yield makes me think of an old lady in gardening gloves and a watering-can and only one vine to look after.

HARVESTING T ANARUS, _ , ‘ If Bean growing has been all fair sailmg so far, we now come (to mix metaphors) to the “worm i’ the bud,” in other words, the snag.

The method of shelling adopted was to tap each bean sharply near the curved point and along the hilum with a footlong piece of hardwood, about the thickness of the thumb. If hit in the right plane, the pod splits and a scoop with the finger does the rest. The process sounds rather tedious; in reality, it is damnably so, and if anyone knows a better way I should be glad to hear of it.

An average boy can shell a bushel in a seven hours day—if supervised, I tried flailin&j bot h in heaps on the ground and in bags, but failed. Moreover, flailing is more likely to injure the beans and spoil germination. There is a germination test of about 80 per cent.

K^advfs 0 -' product and e Daa esss ‘ Although the bunches of beans may be picked and brought in with a certain amount of moisture in them, it is inadvisable to attempt to shell till they are bone dry. Premature attempts on moist "of r Te Ce normat e so nS do rat not o be hurrv . walt tlll th ’ e bea ns are dry and s labour To expedite dr?- "TZ tu^on^s.

Is "^mkiifctlbstoc^ ?oT successful Issue and « exceSve! might be considered almost prohibitive.

Beans grown along the dry North Queensland littoral can be harvested in August; whereas, in a wetter climate, I was labouring till mid-November.

Kiln . drie d Beans from Fiji were unpopular in Queensland some years ago, as the artificial heat affe cted germination adversely _ ‘ , , * was of a method whereby the beans were soaked in water overnight and *° s P b t open in the sun in the morning. This system does not appeal to me; it appears to be a short cut to mould and premature germination. If generally adopted, it might bring the whole Papuan crop into disfavour, Mould must b© guarded against, as I have known a whole crop to be destroyed by it. 80 no method of shelling that mentions the word water receives any encouragement from me.

After shelling, a careful sunning is advisable, but, like the shorn lamb, freshly shelled Beans are tender, and a good cooking in the sun may cause wrinkling and a tri P to the rubbish heap with the previous day’s work.

An ordinary copra sack is used for bagging. It holds well over three bushels at first, but comes down in weight from subsequent desiccation and the imposition of that mysterious penalty termed “Tare.” An occasional glance through the bags while in the shed to detect signs of mould will not be time wasted. rn<sT nF ponm ir-nr»M COST OF PRODUCTION, I quote my own figures as an example, I shipped 120 bushels of beans from the 12 acres, part of th© crop being left for seed and part being too late for the market. The cost of producing these, computed at the ordinary rates of labour 19

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

IMPORTS Month From Aust.

From N.Z.

March, 1934 . £2671 Nil March, 1935 . £2179 Nil EXPORTS Month To Aust.

To N.Z.

March, 1934 .. £774 Nil March, 1935 .. £268 Nil “ Don’t lose any more weights! 1 This ASCO No. 568 Platform Scale has no small weights, or loose parts to get lost, or come adrift. The new Sliding Poise Beam is quick, accurate, and easy to use. Worth writing for full particulars.

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PEACOCK & BUCHANS’ ENGLISH READY-MIXED PAINTS.

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Special “In Bond” Prices for all Island enquiries quoted on application.

CABLES: "BOOM.” SYDNEY.

Wesley College

ST. KILDA ROAD, MELBOURNE, VIC.

ONE OF THE SIX ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF VICTORIA GIITHE NEW BUILDINGS incorporate the latest ideas and conveniences both in the Classrooms and in the Boarding House.

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PREPARATORY SCHOOL BOYS, from 6 to 1 3, have separate School and Boarding Establishment.

Term Dates for 1935: February 12, June 4, September 17 All details may be obtained from H. STEWART, M.A., Headmaster For Tents, Tarpaulins, Horse Rugs, Birkmyre Coats, Sails & Riggings, Rope all sizes stocked write

Albert Jones

MAKER. 173 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY Pacific Island Business Catered for in Papua, amounted to £B4. (Of these, £2O, or nearly a quarter, went in marketing expenses—bags, freight, charges, etc.) This works out at £7 an acre for the whole area, but only the crop from 10 acres was sent for sale.

I employed a boss boy and three others most of the time, reducing the staff to three during the growing season, and augmenting it by day labour very considerably during the harvesting. But these figures could be slightly reduced, as the staff were able to do a certain amount of future developing work apart from the beans, and the boss boy is a luxury that a hard working planter might be ready to forego.

Anticipated Returns

These were computed on prices ruling for 1933, which were £1 per bushel F. 0.8. Port Moresby. This may be regarded as the normal, for prices have been fairly constant over a period of many years, and were not apparently affected by the depression. My returns, therefore, should have been £l2O.

Undoubtedly, the pleasantest phase of Mauritius Bean growing is the arrival of the agent’s cheque; but in this uncertain world one should never count on it till one handles it. As my balance sheet shows (expenditure of £B4 and anticipated returns of £120), it is obvious that Bean growing can be conducted at a profit. Mine should have been a matter of £36. And a very nice little sum too —when you get it!

ACTUAL RETURNS FROM 1934 EXPORT.

Like O. Henry’s stories, my Mauritius Bean venture suffered a surprise ending.

When the 120 bushels had safely arrived in Cairns, a malign fate took a hand in the sequel.

Owing to an abnormal train of circumstances, drought principally, shortage of cash among sugar farmers, and large early consignments from Fiji, the market went “phut.” It absolutely dried up, with over 200 bushels of Papuan-grown Mauritius Beans left without a buyer.

Included in that lot were my 120 bushels.

I am told that only one Papuan grower sold his crop, and that was at 12/6 under contract—a price that is not very attractive. The actual return, consequently, as far as I am concerned, was exactly nil, to say nothing of £80 odd out of pocket. Further comment is unnecessary.

I don’t mention my experience in the hope of stopping others who wish to venture, though it may serve as a warning of the uncertainty of such enterprises.

One can only hope it won’t happen again —all the more as I have some 60 bushels in view for 1935 picking. With all the unsold consignments in hand it is not likely that prices will be very good this year, or the demand very great.

Another adverse factor is that the N.Q. farmer is always coming across substitutes for Mauritius Beans, and one of these may eventually knock the Papuan product flat, for good and all. It will be time, then, to think of some other way of keeping the pot boiling.

In conclusion, gentle reader, I have to explain my reasons for remaining anonymous. Had I pocketed that anticipated profit, all the world might know who has written this effusion. But seeing that I got never a “Bean” for my Beans, my heart is sad thereby, and sign myself— DISAPPOINTED PLANTER.

Norfolk Island Trade

Mr. and Mrs. H. T. Downs, of Rendova, Solomon Islands, left Sydney for Gavutu by the Malaita on April 18, after furlough at Mittagong, New South Wales.

Right Rev. W. H. Baddeley, Bishop of Melanesia, who has been attending and addressing mission conferences in Australia, departed from Brisbane, Queensland, for Makambo, 5.1., by the Malaita on April 20. 20 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

To Pacific Islands Traders

Save Money And Buy Your

Goods Direct From

MANCHESTER— Write to us for Quotations, Details, etc.

We Are Manufacturers Of

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TEXTILES Rami materials of every description.

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SERVICE 197 William Street :: Sydney Cars Hired without Drivers on a Mileage Basis as under: — OPEN CARS—By the Day. 3d. per Mile.

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Special quotations for holidays.

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Our Fleet of Cars includes 1934 Plymouths, Hired at a Slight Increase.

Water-Melons—Yum!

Mr. William Telling

Overseas League Writer Visits Papua From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, April 14.

THE well-known English commentator on European affairs, Mr. William Teeling, recently visited Papua during his tour of the Empire. Much of Mr. Teeling’s writings on international conditions and economics has appeared in the London “Times” and the “New York Times.”

As official representative of the Overseas League, England, he came to Papua to create interest in the League and make contact with its members.

In a public address at Port Moresby, he gave his impressions of a recent journey through the Saar (Germany), Italy and France. He spoke of Germany and the Hitler regime, of England’s attitude towards the German leader’s industrial experiments, and of the grave problem of unemployment in Great Britain. It was one of the aims of the Overseas League, he said, to create friendly feeling between England and Germany.

Before leaving Papua, Mr. Teeling made a tour of the Eastern and North-Eastern coasts of Papua in the Government yacht Laurabada, as the guest of Sir Hubert Murray.

A branch of the Overseas League was formed in Papua in 1917, with Mr. Stanley A. Greenland as secretary. During late years, however, interest in it had waned. Now that interest has been revived as a result of Mr. Teeling’s visit, Mr. Greenland hopes that the branch will again flourish.

Captain “Bob” Cook Dies

SUDDENLY It/I'ANY people in New Guinea will be sorry to learn of the sudden death in Sydney on April 16 of Mr. Roland Rasell Cook (better known as Captain Bob Cook), owner of Kilinwata plantation, in the Bainings district. He was 61 years old.

He came to Sydney early in the year and went to reside with friends, in Balmain; but he was not well, and steadily became worse, and he died in mid-April from a variety of internal troubles.

Little is known of Mr. Cook’s earlier life; but he is believed to have been a man of good family and University education, and he was conversant with several languages. It is known that, as a young man, he was a member of the British Secret Service, and that he had a career of extraordinary adventure during the war. He was very reticent about himself, however.

As “Captain Cook,” he was well known as a trader and recruiter in New Guinea, where he arrived some 15 years ago. He subsequently owned plantations at Rano and Buka, and he bought Kilinwata, in the Bainings, some three years ago. It is believed that he was unmarried, and has relations in London.

Native children hold a water-melon session at the Melanesian Mission Station at Lolowai, Aoba, New Hebrides. —Photo.: A. Lewis Milner. 21

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

ROSES The finest quality young Rose Trees for beautiful blooms. 10/- doz. 57postage. A great variety to choose from.

CITRU The very best quality trees, free from pest, very strong and from exceptionally heavy bearers.

Prices on request.

Illustrated Catalogue

Free On Request

C. LANGBECKER Rose & Fruit Tree Specialist

Bundaberg, Queensland

DOYLE’S famous VETERINARY REMEDIES REDUCINE—Cures Your Lame Horse. Cures him painlessly and you can work him all the time.

Cures Splints, Curbs, Capped Hocks, Sprung Tendons, Bog Spavins, and all Bony and Bursal Enlargements. Price. 12/6 per can. Postage, 1/-.

LARYNGINE. —A sure cure for Coughs, Colds, Strangles, etc. Price, S/- per can. Postage, 1/-.

SKIN DRESSING.—A certain remedy for Mange and Allied Parasitic Skin Diseases in Horses, Dogs, etc. Price, 7/6 (large), 3/6 (small). Postage, 1/-.

DISTEMPER MIXTURE—A safe and reliable remedy for Coughs, Colds, Asthma, etc. Price, 2/6. Postage, 9d, T. G. DOYLE.v.s„ 9 KING STREET, RANDWICK, N.S.W.

Write for Free Veterinary Advice and Booklet oOY LE$ 5$ ORES M m ELVY’S FOR RECORDS A selection of records which we recommend: — Malcolm McEachern — The Gobbler’s Song (from Chu Chin Chow); “I’m a Roamer” (from “Son and Stranger”), 10 inch 4/- Chicago Symphony Orchestra — “Emperor Waltz” (Strauss) 8/- Terence Casey (Cinema Organ)— Selection of Wilfred Sanderson Songs 6/- You can be sure if you buy at Elvy’s your records will reach you by return mail safely wrapped, and the price you pay will be the lowest possible.

COLUMBIA, PARLOPHONE, and REGAL ZONOPHONE catalogues will be posted you FREE upon application.

Elvy’s seventy-two years’ trading in musical instruments ensures that your every requirement in RADIO, PIANOS, PLAYER PIANOS, ORGANS and ANY OTHER musical instrument will be fulfilled to your utmost satisfaction. Special terms for those resident in the Pacific Islands.

Richard Crooks — “Killarney” (Balfe); “Good-bye” (Tosti) 8/- The Western Brothers (Kenneth & George)— “The Old School Tie”; “Ain’t it Gorgeous” 12 inch 6/- Regal Virtuosi Orchestra — “Stephani Gavotte” (Czibulka); “Berceuse” (Jarnefelt), 10 inch 4/- Klvy ii Co. Ltd ESI. 1863 397 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY Between King and Market Streets.

'Phone M 2319

Seeking Gold

In N. Caledonia

Mineral Wealth of French Colony THE development of goldmining activity in New Caledonia means that there are now five Pacific Territories in which the recovery of gold is being undertaken. They are: New Guinea, Papua, Fiji, New Caledonia and Solomon Islands. the flotation of several companies in Australia to work the Diahot River, in New Caledonia, the Government of New Caledonia has adopted a mining policy giving prominence to the question of personnel rather than to the supervision of control of conditions in the industry.

In the New Caledonian “Bulletin of Commerce,” of March 16, 1935, the following notice, addressed to the directors of certain companies appeared; NOUMEA, Bth March, 1935.

Sir, —I have the honour to inform you that the Consultative Committee of Mines has expressed the intention that in every mining company, society, or enterprise operating in the colony, the directors executives, or the personnel, engineers, exploitation managers or their equivalents, should be in the minimum proportion of three-quarters persons of French nationality or under French protection.

Consequently I ask you to be good enough to make arrangements henceforth to select your principal assistance from French citizens or people under French protection.

I think that recruiting in France ought to be very easy in the future, and that the reduction in passage money ought to* make it very feasible.

Yours faithfully, (Signed) SIADOUS.

Governor of New Caledonia.

Exactly what effect this policy is likely to have on the Australian companies already operating with Australian capital cannot be known until the qualifications, ability, and business acumen of the available directors, executives, engineers, and managers are known.

At present three companies are operating in New Caledonia, two owing their origin to Adelaide capital, the third having been formed in Sydney. The formergroup consists of: (1) Upper Diahot Dredging Co. (2) The Caledo-Austral Gold Mining Co.

The Sydney concern has been registered as the Diahot Gold Dredging Co.

A further syndicate is either in the process of formation or has already been formed in Melbourne.

Nickel And Chrome

Although the search for gold has proceeded in New Caledonia over many years, the real mining done there is on thenickel and chrome fields, which constitute New Caledonia’s principal industry.

The nickel industry has been booming for at least a year now. Some say that this is due to the threat of another world war; but more probably it is caused by the increasing, world-wide use of brass.- All the mines and smelters are working at full capacity.

This nickel mine activity has been good for Australian trade. Three steamers have been running constantly between Australia and New Caledonia with coal. They carry mostly Kembla coal, from the South coast —it is a fine coal, very suitable for coke, which is made for the smelters in New Caledonia. There are, on the New Caledonian coast, one steamer and about four hulks, bringing nickel ore from the different mines to the smelters at Noumea.

All the New Caledonian nickel mines and smelters are owned and operated by one concern, which is understood to be part of the Rothschild international organisation.

The largest chrome mine in the world is in New Caledonia (at La Tiebaghi, near Paagoumene) and 1| million tons of ore have been mined there. It is owned mostly by British shareholders, operating as a French company. The industry, compared with nickel, is dull. The mine is being worked, but not very actively. The company which owns the N.C. chrome mines is part of an international combination which appears to control the world’s chrome output. This combine owns another chrome mine in Rhodesia, and the latter, a few months ago, was working full time.

Mr. D. A. Madden, surveyor in the Lands Department, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney from Rabaul on four months’ leave by the Montoro on April 1. 22 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Legal Notice

In The Supreme Court Of New South

WALES. —IN EQUITY No. 183 of 1935 and IN THE MATTER of the COMPANIES ACT 1899

And In The Matter Of Solomon Islands

Development Company Limited.—

NOTICE is hereby given that the order of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in its Equitable Jurisdiction dated the 8th day of April 1935 confirming the reduction of the capital of the above named company from £100,000 to £50,000 and the minute approved by the court showing in respect of the capital of the company as altered the several particulars required by the above Statute were registered by the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies on the 17th day of April 1935. The said minute is in the words and figures following:— “The capital of Solomon Islands Development Company Limited is £50,000 divided into 1000 shares of £50 each instead of the former capital of £100,000 divided into 1000 shares of £100 each.”

DATED this 17th day of April 1935. McMAS 4 TER HOLLAND & CO., Solicitors for the Company, 129 Pitt Street, Sydney.

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World-wide Circulation Subscribers who have supported the Pacific Islands Monthly in the South Seas, and thus made its establishment and progress possible, may be glad to know that the magazine is gaining readers in nearly every country in the world, and particularly Britain, France, United States, Holland, Germany, and the nations of the Far East. The interest in the South Seas, displayed by people in very distant countries, is really remarkable.

Recently, in the one mail, we received evidence of this interest from three widely separated places.

We received a copy of a well known German review, published in Berlin, wherein there are copious extracts from the Pacific Islands Monthly.

From Paris there arrived the December issue of “L’Oceanie Francaise,” the bulletin of the Comite de I’Oceanie Francaise, in which there are two articles containing kindly references to the editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly.

Finally, there is a copy of the “Honolulu Star-Bulletin” of March 30, in which the literary editor, Dr. Slaten, says this:

Pacific Islands Monthly Next To

Trip To S. Seas

Though Hawaii is an integral part of the United States politically, it is by original connection related in its life and interests to the other island groups with which nature has peppered the Pacific.

The Pacific Islands Monthly, newspaper magazine of the South Seas, is published by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George St., Sydney, Australia, the subscription rate being 2 dollars a year.

To hand is the November, 1934, issue, a 72-page magazine packed with news from the islands communities. With it in hand, slippered, arm-chaired and evening-lamped, we cruise, free from seasickness and tips to the steward, to all points south and west.

The cover bears a picture, “Muscular Manhood. —The half-caste fisherman son of the late Paul Gauguin, famous artist, who lived for several years in French Oceania.” We’re off at once in fancy with Jack London and Somerset Maugham and Herman Melville and the rest of the South Sea yarners.

The inside brings up the South Sea scene like an opera glass. “Pacific Travellers” —a list of arrivers in Sydney from Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Papua, Norfolk, Lord Howe, Fiji. There are personals that make these far away places seem as familiar as Fort Street.

There’s news about the goldfields in New Guinea, so inaccessible that machinery is carried there by airplane, re-assembled and put to work; fashion hints for Islands women; discussion whether the Governor of Fiji should be also the H.C. for W.P., if that registers with you.

In a contest as to which is the most interesting magazine in the world “The Pacific Islands Monthly” would be a high ranker. Until the depression is over it is the next best way of visiting the South Seas.

Incidentally, the literary page of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, published every Saturday, ought to be known to all Pacific peoples. It is edited with outstanding ability, and it makes a feature of reviewing most of what is published throughout the world dealing with life and politics in the Pacific Territories.

Mr. R. W. Dawson left Sydney for New Zealand and Fiji by the Niagara on April 25, to complete plans for a projected cruise through Central Pacific. He is the son of Captain Dawson, of H.M.S. Penguin, who prepared the first charts of New Hebrides and the north-east coast of Fiji.

A “TOWNSHIP”

The Indignation of Suva CUVA, the busy capital of Fiji, is to lose the right to call itself a city.

Although residents have protested bitterly, the Government proposes to introduce a bill abolishing the municipal council, which for years has managed local affairs (say “Sydney Morning Herald”).

Suva is to be officially described as a township, and, as such, will be controlled solely by the Governor through a town board of officials and two Europeans, two Fijians, and two Indians, all nominated by the Governor, whose word is final.

Levuka, at the same time, will cease to be a town, and will officially become a township.

Other proposed legislation which has aroused local indignation will allow the Governor to resume land for “a public purpose” without any right of appeal to either court or arbitrator. These bills will be carried by the official majority.

Mr. D. C. J. Hill, director and consulting geologist of Nasivi (Fiji) Gold Syndicate, N.L., departed from Sydney for Fiji by the Niagara on April 26. On arrival at Suva he proceeded to Tavua goldfield to look over certain properties in which his company is intei'ested. 23

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

1931. 1932. 1933. 1934.

Britain .. 110,300 160,569 157.428 177,194 Germany .. 1,014,573 1,186,992 1,170,900 913.740 Holland .. 31,218 40,435 38,067- 126,602 Denmark .. 235,524 225,481 231,215 268,753 Japan and Java are also large consumers.

TENNIS

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8 George St. West Sydney

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Island Traders apply for Price Lists and Agency Terms s ERVICE” +: Est. 1916

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The secret of the success of “Service” Brand Belting is in the long tanning process.

Laminated Belting and Mechanical Leathers “Service” Brand is Unequalled for all classes of Drives.

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Tannery: ULLADULLA, N.S.W.

Catalogue on Application. Applications received for Agency.

Above: Gardner-Denver V type 4 - cyl.

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At Side: The new Gardner - Denver Model 555 hand-held drill. 91L\L\« and ROAD

Making Equipment

Included in the range of equipment for Mining and general Road Constructional and Maintenance work stocked by Noyes Bros, are the products of the Gardner- Denver Co., makers of Pneumatic Rock Drills, Compressors, etc., for nearly half a century.

The efficiency, rugged construction, ample power and long-wearing life of Gardner- Denver units mean savings in time, money and labour on every job.

Portable Compressors are now available powered by compression ignition or petrol engines. These units are also made on spring-mounted rubber-tyred wheel assemblies, as well as the standard steel road wheels.

Ask for details of the full range NOYES BROS. (Sydney) LIMITED 115 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY Branches at Newcastle and Brisbane Mr. and Mrs. S. Elliott-Smith, of loma, Papua, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui from Sydney on May 2, after spending a pleasant holiday at Bathurst, New South Wales, since February last.

Mr. Elliott-Smith is a Patrol Officer in the Papuan Administration service.

Melanesian Mission Press Books SAMPLES are to hand of another series of books published by the Melanesian Mission Press, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. They include a primer in the native language for the use of school teachers in Aoba, New Hebrides; morning and evening prayers in English for the use of the members of the Melanesian Brotherhood; and a well-bound book of 364 pages containing matins, evensong, psalms, services, etc., in the language of Fiu, north Mala, Solomon Islands. The technical excellence and finish of all this printing work are most praiseworthy; it is clear that Mr. Fred Isom takes a keen interest in his fascinating job. It ig impossible to exaggerate the importance of teaching the natives some form of reading and writing, and that is what is being accomplished by this steady output of books from the Melanesian Mission Press.

Copra Market

London Advices ADVICES from London, written at the end of March, say that importance price movements in the copra market are unlikely until American buyers resume operations; and the latter, apparently, have been awaiting the outcome of a bill which has been before the American Congress Committee of Ways and Means.

This bill provides for an import excise tax of 3 cents per lb. (that is, at the same rate as the present processing tax) on all imported oils and fats to which the processing tax is not applicable. There appears to be a good deal of opposition, and it may not come before Congress: but if it should become law it would considerably disturb the oils and fats market in America.

It is estimated that the carry-over of cotton seed oil at the end of the cotton crop represented 245,000 barrels monthly, against a demand of 344,000 barrel monthly. It is likely, therefore, that the price of this commodity will be firm.

The latest reports on whale oil show that at the end of February 1,944,620 barrels had been produced, compared with 2,206,653 barrels at the same time last year. Practically the whole of the 1934-35 catch has been sold, and some cargoes brought over £l6 per ton.

It is also stated that despite all restrictions, Germany has been able to come into the European market for her full requirements of oils and fats, and is securing the necessary amount in spite of the exchange difficulties. She is taking oils and fats, particularly whale oil, rather than oil seeds, so that German crushers are still not working at capacity.

SOYA BEAN COMPETITION.

A London cablegram, in April, said that, according to the chairman of a leading East Indies copra company, the imposition of a Budget duly on Manchurian Soya beans would operate to the advantage of copra, producers of which have found in the last three years that Soya beans are seriously prejudicing the market for Empire copra. Both copra and palm oil have been holding their recent market gains for the first time for many years, he said. It is assumed that the British Government is being asked to place a duty on soya beans from Manchuria.

The imports of Manchurian soya beans into European countries during recent years have been (in tons): Dr. G. H. Vernon, of Daru, Western Papua, crossed over to Thursday Island in March and there caught a steamer and went off on a holiday visit to Japan and the Far East. A mutual friend informs us that the popular medico had a rough crossing from Daru. “When he landed here in Thursday Island after a six days’ trip across Torres Strait, he would have passed anywhere for the worst type of shipwrecked mariner; but I will spare you the details,” he says. 24 May 21, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

CANOES, Iron or Canvas Built to the highest specification Suitable for Islands 7 to 10ft. Lowest Prices 131 KENT ST., SYDNEY “A Thousand Miles from the nearest ice-works, and yet we always have ice cubes for drinks and all the conveniences of an electric refrigerator.” —Extract from letter from satisfied Island client.

HALLSTROM’S non-electric Refrigerators give efficient refrigeration without trouble. So simple a child can operate it.

Price £49/10/- f.o.b. Sydney. Others from £2O. Write for descriptive folder to the manufacturer.

E. MAELSTROM 462 Willoughby Road, Willoughby SYDNEY Five per Cent. is the Maximum Overdraft Rate The rate of interest now charged on overdrafts by the Bank of New South Wales does not exceed 3% per annum.

This is the lowest maximum rate in the 1 1 8 years’ history of the Bank.

Producers, Manufacturers and others who can profitably use money to extend their activities are invited to discuss their financial problems with the Manager of any of the Bank’s 723 branches.

Bank of New South Wales (ESTABLISHED 1817) The Oldest and Largest Bank in Australasia .

Fiji Fortunes

Made from Tavua Goldfield Announcements by Australian newspapers that Mr. E. G. Theodore is now a millionaire, as a result of his activities in connection with the Fiji (Tavua) goldfield, and that fortunes have been made by Mr. Pat Costello, of Suva, and by Mr. Borthwick, prospector, have again stirred Australian interest to fever heat; and speculators and company promoters are giving much attention to the Colony.

Congratulations extended to the men concerned are quite sincere. Mr. Theodore always has been a bold operator; he risked a huge sum on the development of Tavua, and he won out, and deserves all he made.

Mr. Theodore

Mr. Theodore is a well-known figure in Australia. He entered politics as a Labour member, in 1909, when only 25 years old, and he was a Minister there from 1915 until 1919, and Premier 1919-25. In his early life he held advanced political views, and in consequence he was known as “Red Ted.’’ He entered the Federal Parliament in 1927, and was Commonwealth Treasurer in 1930-31. He left Parliamentary life as a result of Labour Party squabbles—another example of how Labour’s underground engineers destroy their best leaders. Perhaps, as he is now very rich, he will decide to re-enter politics. It is to be hoped so: the Commonwealth needs men of his outstanding ability.

MR. COSTELLO.

Mr. Pat Costello has been seeking gold in Fiji for 15 years. His faith never wavered. Suva men used to jeer at him —but he only grinned. He left Sydney for Suva at the end of April, and his smile was wider than ever. He was wondering if they still are jeering in Suva.

But even those who scoffed will offer sincere congratulations to the genial Patrick. He, too, deserves his win.

Stricter Control Of

PROSPECTING The Government of Fiji has decided that the issue of gold prospecting licences in Fiji will be even more strictly controlled than previously, and the conditions of the licence more rigidly enforced.

In making this announcement in the “Fiji Royal Gazette,” published on April 13, the Government declares that its earlier statement of policy regarding the Tavua field applies equally to the Yanawai mining area and to any other mining areas which may be proclaimed. Applications for prospecting licences will be considered by any parties who can prove that they are able and have the necessary capital to prospect, in the fullest sense of the term, the areas for which they apply. The Government cannot see its way to issue prospecting licenses to parties having little or no capital. In the event of the applicant failing to satisfy the Mining Board on these conditions, the board may refuse the application, but the applicant may make a fresh application subsequently.

A further amendment to the regulations provides that the holder will prosecute vigorously and continuously prospecting operations to the satisfaction of the board, and will promptly, and at the latest within 60 days of discovery, report to the board all mineral discoveries considered or found to be of a payable nature. A holder shall not be deemed to be prospecting according to the stipulations unless there be engaged in the operations persons in the opinion of the board qualified and competent to prospect in the proportion of at least one to every 250 acres, and a staff of labourers in the proportion of at least one to every 25 acres of the prospecting area. These obligations may be suspended in certain circumstances.

Besides having in view the employment on prospecting areas of a larger number of men, the amended regulations provide for the proper medical care of employees in mines.

Major C. B. Joske, of Suva, Fiji, who has been in Sydney and Melbourne on business connected with Fijian gold-mining, left by the Mariposa for Suva on May 1.

The capital of Solomon Islands Development Co. Ltd. has been reduced from £lOO,OOO in 1000 shares of £lOO each to £50,000 in 1000 shares of £5O each, on each of which shares £45 has been paid, The reduction is effected by cancelling paid-up capital that has been lost or is unrepresented by available assets. 25

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

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NEWTOWN SYDNEY Aeroplanes in North Pacific American and Japanese Enterprise A ATATION developments in the North Pacific are worth watching. Much is going on there which may affect political and strategical considerations in the South Pacific.

The Americans plan a regular aerial service westwards from San Francisco to the Philippines. The first stage, from ’Frisco to Honolulu, was opened late in April by a flying-boat of the Pan- American Company. It is intended to extend this service through Midway Island, Wake Island, and Guam, to Manilla. Tiny uninhabited atollss —mere sandbanks with a few scrubby trees —are to become places of great value as aerodromes.

The Japanese are to compete with the United States in linking up those North Pacific groups with aeroplane services. It was announced, some months ago, that regular aviation services would connect Japan with the Bonin, Marianne, Caroline and Marshall groups. The three latter groups were part of the German Pacific colonies in 1914, and were given to Japan by the League of Nations, under mandate, in 1919. Japan, however, has quite definitely announced her intention of keeping them, as part of the Japanese Empire, Those Japanese Islands are nearer to Rabaul (the administrative centre of the Territory of New Guinea) than is Brisbane, or even Townsville. It is only a matter of months, probably, before Japanese aeroplanes from the Carolines, or American machines from Manila, extend their services through New Guinea to Australia. Or will Australians get in first, and establish a regular air service at least between Queensland and Papua and New Guinea?

It may be that American enterprise will bridge the gap between America and Australia by running aeroplanes south-westwards from Honolulu, through the Phoenix group, or the Northern Cooks, and then via Samoa, Fiji and New Caledonia. But the map offers some discouragement. Once the equator is reached, it is fairly plain going to Australia—the South Pacific is dotted with islands of all descriptions. But from Hawaii southwards to the equator there is an ugly stretch of some 800 miles of empty ocean. Yet it is not nearly so wide as that empty stretch from Midway to Wake Island, and nor a third as far as the worst hop of all—from ’Frisco to Honolulu.

Fiji'S Salato Nettle

Letter to the Editor.

CAN any reader of your valuable paper inform me of cure for the sting of the “Salato” leaf? I have tried all sorts of remedies without success, even to the native “cure” of scraping the bark off both limbs and roots and rubbing on the affected parts; but without success.

Salato is “hot stuff warmed up,” in the way of a stinging leaf. Some five weeks ago I bumped into the large leaves and was stung from above the knees down to the bottom of my knees. I was wearing shorts at the time. The sting developed about half an hour after I touched the plant, and about two days after contact the stinging itch was fully developed.

To-day, five weeks after contact, the stinging itch comes on suddenly, especially at night, and the more you scratch or rub it the more it itches and stings, and you can’t refrain from rubbing it.

The salato leaf is a fine large green leaf, with pinkish ribs, quite smooth and shiny, no sign of downy fur, such as one would expect to find, as on a stinging nettle; and it is found all over Fiji bushlands.

I am, etc., TUI NALOVO.

Vanua Levu, Fiji, March 16.

Two Japanese Warships Will Visit Apia in June From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, April 14.

THE visit of two Japanese training ships is announced for the King’s birthday, June 3 next. The last Japanese man-of-war to call at Western Samoa visited Apia in 1915, during the war.

The visiting warships, the Yakumo and Asama, each of over 9,000 tons, have a complement of 1,600 men. They will constitute the largest naval units to arrive in Samoa since the visit of the American battlecruisers Maryland and Western Virginia. 26 May 21, 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

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Copra Mats And Matting

Send your enquiries to us for Woven Wire Mesh in Rolls or framed for Copra drying, and all Screening purposes, Bird Cages, Sieves and Riddles, Builder’s Gravel Screens, Rat Traps, Door Mats, Garden Arches, Chain Wire Mesh, Crimped Wire Mesh for Window Guards, etc.

Scott And Sons

WIREWORKS: RAILWAY PARADE AND MURRAY STREET, MARRICKVILLE For Well Bred FOXIES, CATTLE KELPIES, POMERANIANS or Any Other (Both Sexes) Established Write to |vr *tT# Years. •tO^ 57 Goulburn St., Sydney (A Feeding Chart with Every Animal.) Satisfaction Guaranteed ISLAND PATRONS RECEIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION.

LYSAGHT

Queens Head

AUSTRALIA LYSAGHT’S DEPENDABLE Galvanized Iron is most suitable for constructional work on new kilns and driers. Make sure when erecting your new drier and when constructing a new building you use the correct brand of Galvanized Iron.

Lysaciits 44 Queen’s Head ’* Obtainable from Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., at all Island Trading Centres

Samuel Russell

ESTATE AND GENERAL AGENT- P.O. Box 64, Papeete, Tahiti Real Estate. Investments. Estate Management and Administration. Valuations and Reports. Houses and Lands for Lease or Sale.

Sole Proprietor: TAHITI PERFUMES Cables: Russell. Tahiti (Bentley’s Code)

Handy Type Of Copra Drier

By C. Falkner, of Tearouki Plantation, Hop, New Guinea.

I SEND you herewith a description of a cheap hot-air drier. I have been using it on my own plantation for the last eight months and found it most effective.

Cheapness, of course, especially in these days, is the first consideration, and the cost of this type is about £4O. It Is simple to operate, and it is practically fireproof, as no vulnerable part is exposed to the fire.

The copra turned out is pure white, and has been extremely well commented on by the copra inspectors here.

I am forwarding it to you, hoping that it may be of some use to the smaller planters, to whom, as in my case, an inexpensive but effective hot air drier means the all-important factor of those few extra shillings per ton.

The drawings are not as clear as I should like, but I think any copra man will be able to follow them.

With the best wishes to your much valued journal.

Half Ton Kiln Drier

Dimensions: Length of bed, 24 feet.

Width of bed, 12 feet.

Height above ground, 3 feet.

The drier consists of a timbered frame, on the inside of which 26 gauge flat iron is nailed in such manner as to make' it smokeproof.

ERECTING An outside shelter, consisting of roof only, 36 x 24 feet, is first constructed.

Then a concrete foundation for the bed, 9 x 4in. (6in. into the ground) into which the uprieht posts are set, 3 feet apart. These may be made of any native hardwood, squared on two sides.

The last two panels, i.e., 6 feet on each side, as well as the whole of the firepit end, are made entirely of concrete —sunk 3 feet into the ground, and 3 feet above, with a 4 feet wide tunnel, 2 feet long, forming entrance to the firepit and ensuring a draught. An outside pit 4x4 feet is advisable to enable a free flow of air to the tunnel, see figures 1 and 2. .

Next the uprights are- connected with timber 3 x 3in., reaching right round, on which the bearers of 3 x 4in. are placed, across the bed, 18in. apart. These are nailed in the middle to a length of native timber shaped to 12 x 6in. running lengthways across the drier, to support the bearers.

This beam lies on top of the bearers.

Flat iron sheets are nailed on, underneath the bearers, care being taken to prevent any opening where smoke can come through.

NOTE: The exact width is made lift. lOin. to allow a lin. turn over of the iron on each side of the bed, to make an overlap with the upright iron on the sides.

The sides are now enclosed with sheet iron ire the same manner as above; the height from con- Figure 2.—Firing Pit and Tunnel, Concrete Work. Shaded portion is below ground level.

Drier and Shelter Shed. 28 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

N. LIGHT

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W. m. REID C/o Robert Reid & Co., Ltd. 32-34 YORK STREET, SYDNEY Wholesale Exporter of Goods of all Classes from Australia Crete foundation to bearers being made 2ft. llin., allow-ing for a lin. overlap with the roof iron.

On top of the bearers mesh wirenetting is fastened (fig. 3).

Two smokestacks, made of flat iron (6 x 3ft.) are placed 18in. from the end and equidistant from the sides and each other, i.e., 4 feet from the side to the centre of the smokestack.

At the firing end, the ground is excavated to a depth of 3 feet and the ground removed thrown towards the other end, forming a sloping bank up to 18in. from the iron roof (see fig. 4).

Over the whole, a house is built (inside the shelter shed), leaving 3 feet room on the sides, 4 feet in front and 2 feet at firing end, bringing rear wall flush with end of the firing tunnel.

Walls are made of platted bamboo, lined with native thatch. Roof of native thatch, leaving Figure 5. —Ground Plan of Layout. .3 feet open at the ridge, the whole length of the house, to enable rapid exit of the saturated air.

There should be at least 3 feet clearance between the roof of the drier and the roof of the shelter shed.

At 6 foot intervals, air inlets, 4 x 4in., are provided at the bottom of the side walls.

The smokestacks must go at least 5 feet above the ridge of the outer roof.

Eighteen inches above the copra bed “second ■day” shelves are built of 3 x 2in. framing, 3 feet -wide, covered with wirenetting. One on each side and running the whole length of the bed.

OPERATION The capacity of the drier is 3000 nuts, every 24 hours. The nuts are collected and carried to a husking shed, alongside the drier, where they are husked and placed in readiness close to the door. One boy can, after a little practice, husk $OO nuts per day as well as assist with the operating of the dried.

First Day Fire is lighted in the drier the night before and from then on is not extinguished or lessened until for some reason or other copra cooking is discontinued. The filling up, periodical examination and removal of dried copra may be carried out with full firing going on, thereby eliminating the loss of time in waiting for fires to cool off and of relighting.

At 6 a.m. the drier is filled by taking the husked nuts, breaking them in halves and lining them on the wire in a three-quarter upright position, each leaning against the other, meat down. This economises space and ensures thorough circulation.

If the half nuts are placed flat, meat down, dis- Figure 1. —Construction of Drying Bed. A—Upright posts set in cement foundation Sin. x 4in; B Smoke stacks. C—Bearers, 3in. x 4in. D —Bearer support, 12ft. x Sin. E—Concrete work, shaded portion is below ground level. F Firing tunnel, 4ft. x 2ft. All concrete work is 4in. thick.

Tie On Gas Mantels Something Better for your Lamp FLEXIBO LIGHTING CO, 9-15 KIPP AX STREET SYDNEY Manufacturers of the famous Flexibo Gas Mantle, suitable for all petrol storm-proof lamps, table lamps, tilly lamps, and all hollow wire systems. Flying insects will not break this mantle. Agents wanted—samples to all prospective reputable agents.

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of all classes, including— Dredging and Sluicing Plants Gravel and Water Pumps Elevators Nozzles Piping and Valves Mining Plants have been supplied to a number of Companies in New Guinea, and we are, therefore, fully conversant with local conditions.

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colouration of the copra results, owing to insufficient circulation of air. Another point to note is that the meat is not exposed to the air until placed on to the already heated bed.

This work is done by the four huskers and two of the three firemen.

At 6 p.m. the copra will be found half-dried and so loose in the shell that a smart tap on the back of the half-nut will cause it to drop out. The shell removed, the copra is thrown back on to the wire bed, anyhow.

Second Day At 6 a.m. the half nuts are heaped on to the “second-day” shelves and the drier refilled.

At 6 p.m. the shell from the second lot of copra is removed.

Third Day At 6 a.m. the first lot of half nuts are removed from the “second-day” shelves and taken to the copra shed. The second lot of nuts arc placed up on to the shelves and the drier refilled again.

Firing: Shells and husks are used, half and half.

LABOUR Eight units are employed to carry nuts to the drier every day. each 300. (When areas close to the drier are worked, the task is increased.) Weeding gangs and other units on field work bring in 20 nuts each every avening.

Saturdays as many units as necessary bring in 200 nuts each.

Three firemen are used, working four-hour shifts, from 6 p.m. All three are on duty at 6 p.m., and with the four huskers remove the shell.

At 6 a.m., two firemen, those from 6 to 10 p.m. and 2 to 6 a.m. shifts are available with the four huskers to remove the dried copra, shift up to “second-day” shelves, and refill the drier. This operation takes from 2 to 2y 2 hours.

Material Required

Material needed; 46 sheets flat iron. 26 gauge. 12 packets clouts. 6 packets roofing nails (for use on iron forming roof of bed, as with the contraction of the iron from the heat, the clouts in the centre pull out). 240 feet 3 x 4in. hardwood. 120 feet of 3 x 2in. hardwood. 4 casks cement.

The remainder may, if desired, be made from native timber.

ADVANTAGES Cheapness of construction.

Simpleness of operation.

Fire-proof.

First-class copra.

Even heat maintained and copra not exposed to. air until placed on to bed.

The above drier is turning out a pure white type of dried copra, which keeps well. No copra is lost in cutting or in small pieces falling through the wire in drying.

NOTE: In firing, the most important factor is a small but even fire. I have found that if five half-shells are cupped together, thrown on the fire, followed by approximately double that amount of husks, a fire sufficient for effective heating can be maintained.

Figure 4.—B—Smoke stack. S—“Second Day” shelf, 3ft. wide, one on each side. F—Firing Tunnel. P—Firing pit. X—Excavated area. H—Filled in with ground from X.

Figure 3.—A—Upright posts. C—Bearers, 4in. x 2in., under which the iron is nailed. D—Sheet iron, 26-gauge. E—Wirenetting, ½ 2 in. mesh. 30 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

To Planters I am a Buyer of

Castor Oil Seed

IN ANY QUANTITY.

Send Sample for quote, stating quantity available.

Castor Seed Shellers, any capacity.

Advice and Instructions Regarding Planting, Harvesting, and Packing of Castor Oil Seeds given freely. Selected Seed for Planting available.

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M. HARPER MANDOLI ANA ISLAND, NORTH GELA, 8.5.1.

Postal Address; P.O. Box 6, Tulagi, Solomon Islands.

Recruiting Contracts Undertaken, Auxiliary Vessel “Papari” available for Charter.

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Her Last Voyage

Mataram Sails For Japan And Shipbreakers NEWCASTLE was wrapped in gloom and darkness as the former Burns, Philp Islands passenger vessel Mataram slipped out of the harbour on her last voyage at the end of April. Commanded by Captain S. Sayeki and with a crew of 32 Japanese seamen from Osaka, the steamer was being taken to Japan to be delivered to shipbreakers there.

Launched in 1909 and once the pride of the B.P. fleet, the old Mataram -had sailed all over the Western Pacific. During the greater part of the last five years she maintained a four-weekly service between Australia and the Solomon Islands.

While negotiations were proceeding early in 1931 between Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., and the Commonwealth Government regarding rearrangement of the B.P. Pacific Islands services, the Mataram made several trips to New Guinea, and later for a few months she maintained a direct service between Sydney and Papua. In October, 1931, however, she again took up the Solomons run, until she was replaced in January. 1934, by the new B.P. motor vessel Malaita.

“Banana Coffee”

(CERTAIN interests in Australia are still trying to introduce a concoction called “banana coffee” —although there is not a suggestion of coffee about it. The plan it seems, is to help the Australian banana-grower, who is always wailing.

The adoption of “banana coffee” would use up the unmarketable bananas. This is how the stuff is made: Bananas in various stages of ripeness were used, but those which might be termed semi-ripe proved most satisfactory. The skin was removed from the fruit. Should this prove difficult it could be facilitated by dipping the fruit in boiling water for a few seconds. The fruit was quartered lengthwise and cut into pieces approximately two inches long. It was then placed on wooden trays, which were placed in the dehydrator for 9 hours at an approximate temperature of 120 deg. Fah., and the temperature was then raised to 130 degrees and the process continued for another 9 hours.

The fruit was then ready for roasting, and this was carried out in an ordinary coffee roaster. Care must be exercised during roasting to see that the fruit did not stick to the sides of the machine.

When the product was bone dry it was ground in an ordinary coffee mill. The loss of weight from the fresh stage to the ground product was about 80 per cent. In many instances banana “coffee” was used pure, but blends with ordinary commercial coffee had also been made.

“Boys’ Brigade” In

RAROTONGA From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 20. hundred strong is the creditable record of the recently formed Boys’

Brigade, sponsored by the L.M.S., and captained by Rev. R. L. Challis.

Interviewed by the “P.1.M.,” Pastor Challis was optimistic; he sketched the movement’s future in terms of field drill, handicrafts, continuation classes, and organised recreation. Basic idea —to foster a racial consciousness and encourage moral discipline.

Japanese Fishers

Ruin of Australian Pearling Industry TAPANESE fishing boats are responsible for more than the spoliation of trochus beds around New Guinea and the Solomons.

The principle pearlers of Darwin (North Australia) are complaining that their industry has been brought to a non-paying basis by the Japanese fishing north of Darwin. Unless assistance was given, they said, the Australian industry would cease to exist.

The pearlers said that the Japanese were fishing under cheaper conditions.

They paid no duty on their rice and equipment, and their labour was cheaper.

Australian pearlers paid four times as much for the rice for their crews. They had to import labour at high cost and pay heavy licence fees and heavy duty on diving materials.

Captain McClymont, Harbourmaster at Apia, left Samoa for New Zealand on leave by the Maui Pomare, in April. 31

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1933

Year.

Java.

Macassar.

Padang.

Singapore.

Ceylon.

Philippines.

Total.

Av. price c.i.f. Europe Tons.

Tons.

Tons.

Tons.

Tons.

Tons.

Tons. £ s d 1896 19,511 8,770 . 5,778 . . 39,440 .. 3,677 .. 33,468 .. 116,644 1900 35,257 13,928 . 5,487 . 28,214 .. 18,059 .. 57,361 .. 168,656 1905 .. 107,709 .. 25,961 . 6,580 . 58,915 .. 17,740 .. 49,715 .. 286,134 1910 .. 100,578 .. 30,880 . 10,479 . 102,610 .. 35,713 .. 118,493 .. 450,197 1914 71,191 .. 35,659 .. 17,739 . . 112,579 .. 56,318 .. 102,521 .. 460,346 !! 25 12 6 1920 43,277 .. 50,266 .. 15,682 . . 112,430 .. 68.044 .. 32,148 .. 343,240 .. 57 5 0 1925 29,885 80,636 .. 27,283 . . 149,156 .. 113,546 .. 146,291 .. 615,602 .. 29 15 0 1930 7,364 .. 76,843 .. 29,504 . . 182,924 .. 89,409 .. 166,780 .. 746,850 .. 19 6 3 1931 .. 3,848 .. 72,982 .. 25,214 . . 176,810 ■ • 94,579 .. 181,438 .. 744,901 .. 13 10 0 1933 14,490 .. 151,072 .. 17.928 . . 192,600 ■ • 63,295 .. 302,492 .. 962,545 .. 10 15 0 1934 3,747 .. 147,801 .. 17,852 . . 167,242 .. 105,681 .. 346,156 .. 958,672 8 15 0 Impregno Steel Surface Hardening Compound For local hardening by sprinkling the compound on the hot steel part, or for case hardening to a depth of one thirty-second of an inch by treating the object to be casehardened in a molten bath of the compound. Equipment required, an open fire, a steel pot, and a tin of compound.

IMPREGNO Case Hardening Crystals For muffle case hardening.

IMPREGNO Quenching Oil is an invaluable aid to the satisfactory hardening of gears, tools, etc.

Firms handling Engineers’ Supplies or Hardware are invited to communicate with us with a view to acting as distributors for these lines.

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World Copra Production

Statistical Review of Forty Years 'T'HE accompanying figures, relating to the world copra market over the last forty years, are taken from the valuable annual compilation of Messrs. L. M. Fischel Co. Ltd., of Mincing Lane, London.

It is worthy of note that these compilations, made every year by the leading London dealers in vegetable oil seeds, do not include the production of the African or of the South Seas plantations, which statistics are said not to be available.

The table given below does not include the exports from the Dutch ports of Sangir, Menado, Gorontalo, ‘etc. (which increased from 6000 tons per annum in 1896, to about 220,000 tons in 1933) but those figures are included in the annual total.

The outstanding feature of the table is the enormous, steady growth in copra production, despite the increased output of all kinds of oil-bearing seeds which compete with copra. Since the war, copra production has more than doubled. The whole output is going into consumption, but at prices which show that the buyer is completely in the ascendant. There is over-production, but not vast over-production: a little organisation, and cooperation between the copra-producing countries of the world would very soon put the copra-growers in a better position.

Canoeist To Visit Tahiti

AN interesting traveller, in the person of Mr. S. Alers Hankey, left Sydney early this month for Tahiti, where he will reside for some time.

Mr. Hankey is a member of a well-known English family. Forty years ago, as a youth, he was sent by his father to* Australia, to the care of the late James Burns, and he saw service under Burns Philp and Co. Ltd. in Thursday Island, Normanton and Sydney. Nowadays, his home is in Dalmatia.

Last year he went out to the West Indies with one of the modern canoes—a thing of canvas and rubber, which can be carried in a travelling bag—and he ended some interesting months by canoeing through the Panama Canal and boarding the Ville de Verdun for Tahiti.

Then Mr. Hankey became very ill and, instead of disembarking at Papeete, he was obliged to come on to Sydney, where he underwent successfully a severe operation.

He is now gone with his canoe to Tahiti; and, if any residents of Raiatea or Moorea should see a handsome, grey-haired man of cheery disposition coming in over the reef in a kind of floating sausage-skin, they will know that Mr. Hankey has arrived.

Fiji Banana Exports

THE schedule for banana exportations from Fiji to Australia and New Zealand for the period April 6 to April 30, issued by the Colonial Secretary’s office, Suva, reveals the relative importance of Australia and New Zealand as markets for Fijian bananas.

For the period, the quantity fixed for export to Australia is 4000 cases, representing 10 per cent, of the quantity specifically referred to by the Ottawa Agreement. New Zealand’s quantity is more than double that of Australia, being 9600 cases, 7745 case of which must be grown by Fijians. 32 May 21,1 935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Albert Gregory

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What To Grow In The Islands

How New Guinea Dept, of Agriculture is Experimenting to Assist Planters \ VERY valuable and interesting review of agriculture and recent developments in primary production in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea was given by Mr. George H. Murray, New Guinea Director of Agriculture, in an address delivered to members of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science in April.

The peculiar merit of the address lies in the fact that Mr. Murray, in addition to giving his expert agricultural knowledge, has made an economic survey of the possibilities of the various plants.

TAKE Mandated Territory of New Guinea, which includes the Bismarck Archipelago, he said, contains about 91,000 miles. In this vast area climatic conditions vary from the humid lowlands near the coast to the cool mountain peaks over 12,000 feet high suitable for the growth of every crop of equatorial regions. In the early days of the German regime practically all the settlements were confined to the coast. Coconuts, being easily grown and suitable for such districts, was the first crop to be cultivated, and remains the staple product to this day, our export of copra being approximately 60,000 tons per annum.

In the early days of coconut planting in the Pacific, methods of cultivation were more primitive than they are to-day on well-managed coconut estates in Malaya and Ceylon. The coconuts were planted more or less regularly 28 to 30ft. apart each way and they received very little cultivation, other than to keep the grass cut down, which, as cultivation, is hardly worthy of the name. Several of the plantations in the early stages of the German regime were inter-planted with cotton, . the cultivation of which also helped the coconuts, and the cotton crop was of some assistance in reducing labour costs. The low price of cotton to-day, however, hardly warrants the cultivation of cotton in New Guinea even for this purpose.

It should be remembered that there is practically no resting period in plant growth in the tropics, particularly in districts with heavy rainfall. Consequently, weeds are growing all the time, and the methods employed in orchard cultivation in temperate zones are quite inapplicable in the humid tropics. About 25 years ago, therefore, selective weeding and use of cover plants came into practice. The former meant encouraging the growth of leguminous weeds to combat those of an injurious nature.

Cover Crops

Passiflora foetida was one of the first to be used as a cover plant in competition with the noxious grass, he continued.

Tmperata arundinaceal, known by various names, in the eastern tropics to which it is confined: in Ceylon it is known as Illuk, in Malaya and the East Indies as Lalang corruption of the Malay name alang alang, in the Philippines as Cogon, in the Territory of New Guinea as Kunai, in Papua by its Motuan name of Kuru kuru, and commonly known in the warmer parts of Australia as blady grass. Its growth in Australia, excepc in iNorth Queensland, is much less rank than in New Guinea, Incidentally, this grass can be manufactured into paper, a sample of which is on show at the Agriculture Dept., Rabaul. Such an industry could never be worked on a profitable basis, however, except on an extensive scale, where the grass could be cut by machinery.

Although Passiflora has proved successful in combating Kunai in New Guinea, where soil conditions are favourable, It proved quite unsuitable in heavy soil in 33

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1933

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TOOHEYS PILSENEP. certain parts of Papua. It is non-leguminous and for that reason was not a satisfactory cover. Experiments over a long period were carried out with other leguminous plants for the control of weeds and noxious grasses and the two creepers Centrosema pubescens and Calopogonium mucunoides are now in general use for this purpose in the East Indies, and have proved eminently suitable in New Guinea. There was great opposition and criticism of the use of leguminous cover plants when first recommended by the N.G. Dept, of Agriculture, the planters being wedded to the old method of cutting New Guinea natives cutting copra on a New Britain plantation. By the method followed here, the coconuts are split with an axe, then the meat is removed from the shell by a few dexterous cuts with a sharp copra knife. This is later cured by being dried in the sun or placed in a hot air drier. —Block by courtesy of “Mission Review.” 34 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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the kunai with scythes made of suitable sharpened hoop iron formerly practised by Germans in the early days before the more scientific method of cover plants came into use. Many planters to-day, however, are using - cover plants on their plantations, one of whom informed me that since he had established these plants on his property he was able to dispense with his gang of 60 grass cutters. Another plantation of approximately 500 acres is entirely covered with such plants, not a single labourer being employed in weed control. Centrosema pubescens takes a considerable time to get established, 6 to 12 months, but Calopogonium grows very rapidly once the plant commences to run, and one planter who says he cannot remember its name, calls it “galloping home again.” The latter plant dies back during a continuously long period of dry weather, but the former makes a permanent cover when once established.

Copra Curing Methods

In very shallow soil neither plant grows satisfactorily, but coconuts will not thrive in such soil either. Copra, the cured meat of the coconut, Mr. Murray said, is prepared for market by drying in the sun, over smoke fires, or in specially constructed driers heated by hot air, or in a few cases by steam. The best sun cured copra is of the best quality but only districts having considerable sunshine are suitable for this method. What is known as the Ceylon type of drier is the most satisfactory artificial method of drying.

Even with this method, however, it is advisable to give the green (uncured) copra one day in the sun before putting in the drier. This method necessitates transferring the copra from one platform to another for five consecutive days after which it should be of first class quality. This method was recommended to the planters in New Guinea and plans and particulars supplied by the Department of Agriculture.

Like many new methods that have been recommended it received criticism in certain quarters. One company after a short trial condemned it for the reason that it was said to require 44 units to produce one ton of copra. Another planter in his first attempt at curing in accordance with this method cured his copra at a labour cost of 34 units to the ton, and there can be no doubt but after his labourers were thoroughly accustomed to the work that labour costs could be greatly reduced.

This has been proved as another planter who has always followed the advice of the Department of Agriculture informed me that his labour cost was 17 units per ton, and he has been producing first class copra, obtaining a considerably higher price than Rabaul Sun-dried. The coconut planter in New Guinea and elsewhere must realise that the only way to make his plantation pay to-day is to reduce costs of plantation maintenance and improve the quality of his copra by curing in some such method as the Cey’on type of drier.

This drier can be modified to suit large or small properties. That such methods are practicable is proved by the fact that a large estate of 18,000 acres in Malaya produces copra at an all-in-cost of less than £5 per ton f.o.b.

Every endeavour is being made by "he Department of Agriculture to raise the standard of N.G. copra by a system of copra inspection by qualified inspectors.

The scheme of copra inspection has raised the standard of our copra so that planters have received as much as 12/6 per ton over South Sea at which N.G. copra was previously rated, he added.

Sexava Insect Pest

Coconuts in New Guinea are comparatively free from serious disease, but they are subject to attack by several insect pests common to the Pacific. We have, however, a very serious pest in New Guinea so far unknown to other Pacific Islands, but very closely akin to a species in Moluccas and the Taland Group of Islands in the D.E.I. It belongs to the family Tettigoniidae and the genus Sexava.

These insects may frequently be present on a plantation for years, but not in sufficient numbers to cause serious damage.

Then they may suddenly increase with alarming rapidity, reaching plague proportions. The insects can best be described as long horned tree hoppers, sturdily built and about four inches long. They are ravenous eaters and the noise made by eating (they eat mainly at night) resembles a gentle breeze passing through the tops of the palms. Palms that have been heavily attacked are often stripped of their fo.iage and resemble an umbrella frame.

Ordinary methods of insect control are quite inapplicable for such a pest. In studying the problem I found that the same, or kindred insect, was found in Amboina in the Moluccas, where it was kept under control by a minute Chalcid wasp, Leefmansia Bicolor, parasitic on the Sexava egg. After correspondence with Dr. Leefmans, Director of the Institute of Plant Disease, Buitenzorg, Java, recommendations were submitted to the Administrator (General Wisdom) in 1928 for the introduction of the parasites from the Moluccas to New Guinea. Considerable 35

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

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Write for our Catalogue and Price List We are also Expert Forgers and Blacksmiths. correspondence ensued, but as often happens no action was taken. Too much cannot be said for the action taken by General Griffiths, Acting Administrator, in the matter, for when the recommendation was submitted to him at the end of 1932 he sent for me and within an hour the scheme was put in motion. A Government schooner was prepared for sea and, within little more than a month after necessary official action had been taken, left Rabaul for Amboina with Mr. J. L. Froggatt, entomologist, on board. Mr. Froggatt succeeded in obtaining a large number of parasitised eggs and landed them safely at a field laboratory at Manus, in the charge of Mr. J. F. Caldwell.

Many thousands of local Sexava eggs were duly parasitised by the Leefmansia and breeding operations were then established. The parasites have been obtained from Sexava eggs collected in the field, and we have good reason to believe that they are established in that district.

The field laboratory has since been removed to New Hanover under Mr. B.

O’Connor and his reports show that the parasites are gradually distributing themselves in Sexava infested areas on the Island. It is too soon yet to say what the ultimate result will be, but we certainly have good reason to hope that this campaign against Sexava will be a success.

Other Islands Crops

It is very unwise that any country should depend upon one crop for its agricultural development, he said, and the Department has made every effort to encourage the cultivation of crops other than coconuts. About the middle of 1928 operations were started for the development of the Keravat Demonstration Plantation, about 30 miles from Rabaul. Contrary to what has been said in certain quarters our records show that many experiments and introduction of new crop plants have been made there.

Apparently many planters and even; officials have the idea that there are many tropical crops at present not cultivated in New Guinea, that can be grown profitably by Europeans. In New Guinea such however is not the case, particularly as the only districts at present accessible for development are those comparatively near the ccast. Some tropical crops are suitable on y for peasant cultivation, or on the other hand, on a very extensive scale, requiring expensive machinery.

Pimento, for which there is but a limited demand, is practically grown only in Jamaica where there is little more than a peasant crop.

Nutmegs take long years to come into bearing and the prices ruling would not justify any planter growing them extensively. It is a crop that requires careful handling and packing. There are a few trees bearing on some of the plantations to which the owners might well give their attention. The nutmegs are very subject to insect attack after harvesting and require careful packing. They should be packed in paper lined boxes weighing 56 lbs. each. The nutmegs also should be wrapped in paper and the joins or seams of the boxes sealed with adhesive tape.

Cloves have not yet been introduced to New Guinea, but the market for this spice is limited, and more than supplied by Pamba and Zanzibar (British Protectorate) and the Moluccas, D.E.I.

Pepper has been introduced by the Department and is coming into bearing at the Demonstration Plantation and Botanic Gardens. This crop takes about six years to be in full profit and requires as intensive cultivation as a market garden..

Ordinarily, the stock of pepper on the London market is 4,000 tons, but there are at present 25,000 tons, and so this crop would be of no assistance in relieving planters in the present copra slump.

Arrowrcot, ginger, cardamons and cinnamon are minor crops cultivated at the Demonstration Plantation and Botanic Gardens, Rabaul, but the planter would be ill-advised who entered on their culture extensively, owing to the limited market.

Vanilla, another minor crop grown at the Demonstration Plantation, has greater possibilities, but only as a side line. As Is well-known, vanilla is an orchid, and in New Guinea must be hand-pollinated to get any crop.

The fibre plants, Manila hemp, Sanseviera hemp and Mauritius and jute are all grown at the Demonstration Plantation and the Botanical Gardens, Rabaul, but not one of these could be grown profitably in New Guinea, for reasons unnecessary to specify here. An improved variety or sub-species of Sisal hemp also introduced to the Demonstration Plantation could proably be grown profitably in New Guinea, but only if grown on a very extensivescale. and under able and skilled management. A great deal of expensive machinery wou'd be necessary for the successful cultivation of this crop. The same applies to Tapioca, although this is a crop more 36 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Desiccated coconut is also produced, there being three mills in operation, but there is little likelihood of expansion in this industry for the present.

The Derris Plant

Mr. Murray said the leguminous plant Derris is now receiving some attention as a plantation crop, and experiments are being made at the Demonstration Plantation in the cultivation of an introduced species, probab.y Derris Malacceasis, and the indigenous species at present unidentified. A small sample of New Guinea Derris was sent by the Department to the Imperial Institute in London and was favourably reported on. Its rotenone content was approximately 4 per cent, and considered equal to the Malay product.

The rotenone content in this plant seems to be very variable, and until we have sufficient roots to make a trial shipment to London the Agriculture Department would not be justified in advising planters to enter upon its cultivation. It takes about 21 months from planting before the roots are ready for harvesting. The main toxic property in the roots is rotenone, which is now coming into use for insecticidal purposes.

Adlay, a cereal crop introduced from the Philippines, is growing very well at f he Demonstration Plantation, but both Europeans and natives would need to acquire the taste fcr it before it could ever become an important crop in N.G. The grain, however, is appreciated by poultry.

The very few tropical crops left that could be grown profitably in New Guinea are cocoa, rubber, coffee (Robusta and the Arabics), tea, cinchona, kapok, West African oil, and sugar, all of which are cultivated at the Demonstration Plantation, except tea and cinchona.

Cocoa, Rubber And Coffee

During the German regime there was a considerable production of cocoa in the co.ony, but during military occupation such plantations were greatly neglected. Efforts are now being made to revive the industry and according to returns the exports of cocoa in 1933/34 amounted to 167 tons. Mr.

E. C. Green, of the Department of Agriculture, who took a post-graduate course at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad, was advised before his departure from Rabaul to specialise on cocoa and after his return he was specially detailed to inspect cocoa plantations in the Territory and advise the growers as to how to improve their methods. Before my departure on leave, he continued, the Department received very appreciative letters on the work of this officer, and there has already been a decided improvement in some of the cocoa exported from the Territory.

Amongst the cocoa trees in the Botanic Gardens, Rabaul, there are a few trees yielding beans of good type, round full seeds and light colour in longitudinal section. These trees have been selected as mother trees for seed purposes and it has also been proposed to obtain some specially selected high quality plants from Java if regulations in that country permit.

A small coffee industry has been established, there being four plantations of Robusta now coming into bearing. In N.G. this crop is far behind Papua, the exports for the last year from the latter territory being 122,000 lbs. as against our 11,000 lbs.

Owing to the large consumption of rubber in Australia there are possibilities of this crop being worked on a profitable basis if up-to-date methods are employed.

No rubber is produced in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, but there are plantations in Papua, though I doubt if the maximum yield of dry rubber per acre in that Territory is more than 400 lbs. By the modern methods of rubber p. anting now practised in the D.E.I. and Malaya, that is by planting budded trees from specially selected high yielding clones, 1,500 lbs. per acre or more may be expected.

By an agreement between the main rubber producing countries it is impossible to get any plant material from these high yielding clones, but if a thorough investigation of the rubber tree were made in Papua by the estate managers there in cooperation with Mr. Dwyer, our economic botanist, it is possible that we might dis- 37

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

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At the Agricultural Station, Wau, in the Morobe goldfields district, at an elevation of little more than 3000 ft., the Department introduced Coffee Arabica of the famous Bue Mountain variety from Jamaica. Unfortunately, the station is now in private hands, but the trees are yielding heavy crops of excellent quality which find a ready local market. The rich mountain land on the Upper Ramu and many other parts of New Guinea are eminently suitable for Arabian coffee, high quality tea, and Chinchona, but it is useless to consider the cultivation of these crops until suitable roads have been constructed into the interior. This is a matter, however, dealing with policy, on which it is not advisable for me to speak. ■ -..-I Mr. C. Stammerjohn, a pioneer German settler in Fiji, died at Suva at the end of March. He went to Levuka from Hamburg in 1883, and for many years was a planter at Vala Vala. During the Great War he was repatriated to Germany, living there for several years before returning to Fiji to engage in planting and trading at Yalave, Fawn Harbour, Vanua Levu.

Fruit Shortage

Result of Samoa’s Bad Weather From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, April 11.

PUNCTUALLY, and true to Samoan -*■ tradition, the wet season, which has been very severe, terminated on March 31. The first days of April brought us a welcome change of weather with bright sunshine, cool easterly trade winds and clear, cold and starry nights with occasional refreshing showers of rain.

The strong winds in January and February blew down many banana plants on European and native plantations, which resulted in a considerable shortage of exportable fruit. Thus the last Maui Pomare cargo was short by over 2,000 cases. The Indien. expected here on April 17 to take about 4,000 cases of bananas for the Auckland market, may be unable to obtain a full cargo.

The continuous torrential rains and blows since January last have also done a lot of damage on cocoa plantations.

Cocoa planters have had a very small and unsatisfactory crop, with little to expect during the next six months. This prevents them from taking advantage of the improved market prices ruling at present for their produce.

“Tinned Cat”

A Trading Incident in Fiji years back, when I was trading in the Yasawas (Northern Fiji) I had a case of tinned rabbit in stock, and my first attempt to sell it was to a Waya native, who wanted a 11b. tin of corned beef. I proposed he buy a 21b. tin of rabbit, which was the same price as a 11b. tin of corned beef.

I explained to him what a rabbit was, and that it ate grass, etc. He could not or would not understand, so for short I said its a bush vusi (cat). After long argument and explanations, he still persisted in his belief that they did not put cats (or vusis) into tins. Besides, on the tin was a picture of both sheep and cattle.

I then said to him: “You give me 5/-, and I’ll open a tin for you. If it’s ‘cat' you pay for the tin and I’ll give you four more tins for your 5/-, which pays for the opened tin. If it is not ‘cat’ I return your 5/- and give you four tins as a present, free.”

He thought it out, and when I repeated the offer a second time, up came the 5/-,. which he was certain he would get back, with four free tins of what he thought would be “bullmakau” (beef).

I opened the tin, put the contents on a plate, and showed him the “cat’s” shoulder-blade, ribs, backbone, and thigh or leg bones, and invited him to taste the “cat.’' By this time we had ceased entirely calling it rabbit: it was vusi now.

He tasted it, squared up to the plate and devoured the lot. When he had finished he apologised for doubting my word, stood still, and with a far-away look in his eyes, said: “Turaga cats real good eating. My town is FULL of cats. When I go back home, they are all mine!’’-

Tui Nalovo

38 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Sauces!!

The House of lIOIjII kook is FAMOUS for its Sauces HOLBROOKS WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE has been “The World’s Appetiser’’ for many generations. Fo meats of all varieties it adds a delightful piquancy, which stimulates the appetite and aids digestion. Soups, fish and vegetables, too, are improved by the addition of a few drops of Holbrooks Worcestershire Sauce.

HOLBROOKS TOMATO SAUCE. made from fresh ripe tomatoes on the day they are gathered from the fields, is a quality product and is delicious with cold meats.

Many culinary triumphs may be achieved by its use in the kitchen whenever a true tomato flavor is desired.

HOLBROOKS ANCHOVY SAUCE is a fish sauce made from the finest imported Gorgona anchovies, and provides a welcome savory to fish cooked in any manner.

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The Lone Draftsman Unenviable Job In Pacific Territories ONE of the most important duties of a Law Officer in a Crown Colony or a Territory is the drafting of legislation.

The Law Officer is responsible to the Governor or Administrator for advising him in every way connected with legislation, both as regards the substance and the form. Every year fresh points present themselves for legislative action— administrative difficulties that have arisen in the past year, new policies that require legislative embodiment, developments of old institutions that require a recasting of the whole.

The Law Officer has to go into each matter from every point of view. As he has to consider Government policy and the interests of the community and the individual, he cannot accept departmental official proposals without adequate enquiries.

When we read Acts, Ordinances, and Regulations, few realise what the work of the draftsman is. It is taken for granted that the rules of good drafting are simply the rules of literary composition, as applied to cases where precision of language is required, and accordingly any one who is competent to draw in apt and precise terms a conveyance, a contract, or a pleading, is competent to draw an Act or Ordinance. It is thought that a knowledge of English and a knowledge of the form and arrangement of Statutes are all that is necessary.

Much more is required. If the draftsman is to do his work well, he must be more than a mere shaper of words and forms. He must be a lawyer of wide knowledge, with constructive imagination.

The first essential is that the draftsman should be a sound lawyer with a wide experience in all branches of law. In addition, the ordinary training and practice of a barrister require to be largely supplemented for the purpose of drafting legislation. The draftsman must be conversant with the branch of law which relates to the administrative duties and powers of public authorities. He must understand the machinery of administration. There are questions which a practising lawyer does not have to consider, but which arise in the preparation of almost every legislative measure.

Before beginning to draft legislation, it is essential to master the subject matter.

It is needful to know the existing law and practice. The law is to be found in Acts, Ordinances, etc., in judicial decisions, and in legal textbooks. The practice—that is to say, the way in which the law actually works—is less easily learned. It must often be derived from personal experience or supplied by persons having such experience. A lawyer who has not had considerable experience as a practising lawyer is without one of the essentials of a draftsman.

“What is commonly called the technical part of legislation is incomparably more difficult than what may be called the ethical. In other words, it is far easier to conceive justly what would be a useful law than so to construct that same law that it may accomplish the design of the lawgiver” (Austin, Jurisprudence). “Nothing is so difficult as to construct Acts of Parliament properly; and nothing so easy as to pull them to pieces” (Lord St.

Leonards).

Educating Papuan Girls AS a result of mission educational work among Papuan girls, their mental power is equal to that boys, stated Rev. Harold Short, L.M.S. missionary of Papua, at a meeting at the. Congregational Assembly Hall, Sydney, in April.

The mission schools prepared the children for an examination in English conducted by a member of the Queensland Education Department. In these examinations, said Mr. Short, the percentage of passes by girls was high.

He praised Miss E. M. Riley, an educational worker from New South Wales, for her excellent work among Port Moresby children. The Papuan girls’ learning, however, concluded Mr. Short, was lost later on among the mundane jobs of housework and gardening, which were the only avenues open to them at present. 39

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

Books, Magazines & Newspapers

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Suitable House For Tropics

How to Let in Air and Keep Out Mosquitoes Written for Pacific Islands Monthly by Rev. R. R. Hansehnann, of Madang, New Guinea IV'EW GUINEA is becoming every day, 1 " in every way, a better p.ace for the white man to live. The sooner we all realise that the tropics will not change to please us, but that we must adapt ourselves to conditions, the happier and healthier we shall be and the better able to develop New Guinea’s resources and solve our specific problems.

Housing has been a problem and will become more so, for buildings of German times are rapidly deteriorating, and certainly as soon as better times arrive, many new houses will be erected. Discussion and planning of tropical houses therefore should be timely and of benefit.

The usual tropical house has a few rooms in a straight row, with huge verandahs all around. The window and door space may be a trifle more than rooms have in our home countries; nevertheless the rooms are dark and stuffy and greatly lack the friendly atmosphere of a home. Near the ceiling one frequently finds an opening in the wall for ventilation, but what a farce — for the heat, as it rises under the slanting verandah roof, forces itself into the rooms.

To screen such rooms would be unbearable for heat; therefore, nets over the beds are used as protection against mosquitoes during the night, and a corner of the verandah is screened in to give one peace at least while eating. As these screened corners are small and lack proper ventilation, refuge for cool breezes and light is sought on the open verandahs, offering of course happy hunting-grounds for mosquitoes.

The kitchen resembles an attractive flycatcher.

Studying tropical home-construction and plans of other countries, I find we can adapt our homes to our specific climate more economically and practically than has been done. I have erected two houses and have applied, to our great satisfaction and comfort, many news ideas.

“More air and light for tropical rooms” must be the goal for New Guinea houses.

In striving for this, I have done away with the verandahs and have given to rooms four times the usual window space.

Verandahs are not essential here, as in Africa or India. The sun rays are greatly refracted, through the heavy humidity, and so the temperature of the sun remains much lower; and with our constant breezes A house in Northern New Guinea, by Mr. Hanselmann, according to the plan described in this article. 40

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

Aviation Instruments As sole Australian Representatives of the Pioneer Instrument Go. of New York, we carry complete stocks including Air Speed Indicators, Altimeters, Tachometers, Drift Indicators, Turn and Bank Indicators, Pressure Gauges, etc.

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SYDNEY the room temperature is not much different, whether the house has verandahs or not. Therefore, away with the huge verandahs, enlarge the rooms, and save money!

Outside walls exposed to weather and heat naturally have to be made well. Celotex, well painted, is the best material for weather boards that are rabbeted. (See figure 1.) The rabbeting is very essential to obtain mosquito-proof walls, and to give a good finish for the inside. Inside boarding up of walls adds much toward looks and, if openings are left between each studding at the top and bottom of the outside walls and screened, it should make a slight difference in the room temperature.

Of utmost importance is the window space. Openings of ten to twelve feet wide and five feet high are easily screened.

Shades made of a light frame, braced well, covered with ordinary calico (light canvas better), sized well and painted green on the inside and white on the outside, manipulated through little doors in the screen from the room and, when lowered, fitting snugly around the window frame and resting on a slanting window sill, will give the fullest satisfaction.

These shades are easily manipulated, due to their light weight and, when lowered, no rain or undesired wind can cause disturbances. The shades should, however, be fastened at least six inches above the window space and openings left so that the heat rising- under the shades can escape.

Small permanent window sashes set in at each side of the large screened spaces will allow sufficient direct light when the shades have to be lowered.

Such rooms offer all the comfort of an ordinary verandah, but with protection against mosquitoes, and they give privacy, and an astounding homelike atmosphere.

Houses may now easily be made of tworoom depth, especially if large arch doors or sliding doors and panels are used (see figure 3). A guest room is not so important, but when sliding panels can be drawn down over cupboards, forming an arch door, and a door hung in, a lounging room is quickly converted to a room for privacy; and when removed, the large space of two rooms will be greatly appreciated.

Bathrooms leading off from the sleeping room, made waterproof and having running water and drain pipe, add much towards comfort.

The kitchen is the woman’s workshop, and sufficient light, air, and space are vital.

Stoves built in nooks are very unpractical, for with servants around a stove all the space possible is desired. Stoves standing so that access may be had from three sides is ideal. The pipe rising straight up through the ceiling and roof will aid the draft greatly.

The stove pipe passing through a metal chimney or a larger pipe soldered, or with Plans, roughly drawn by Mr. Hanselmann, to illustrate his method of building a house. 41

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

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shoes resting over the galvanised roof, will prevent any rain coming down. A metal hood fastened to the bottom of this pipe or chimney, about four feet above and covering the stove, will catch heat, smoke and vapors and keep the temperature of the kitchen low. (Figure 2.) Screening of kitchens is the first step for sanitary homes.

Should more air circulation be desired, it can easily be achieved by connecting each room with a flue eight inches in diameter, rising from a register in the ceiling to a rotary style ventilator on the ridge of the roof; or, when possible, connected with the above-mentioned chimney, and a draft will be caused by the heat rising and escaping.

Registers in the floors, with wind funnels under the house, cause a flow of air into the rooms usually not considered possible.

With dampers in these flues, the draft can be controlled. (See figure 2.) A cut-off in the water pipe, leading from the water guttering to the tank, would mean much for cleaner water. After the roof has been rinsed off, permit water to flow into the tank. Just these little things mean much for health and happiness—and even a new house is not beyond the limits of any permanent tropical dweller.

With pit saws, have logs broken down to a two or three-inch thick slabs. These are easily handled and transported. On a portable saw mill, flooring, weather boards, tongue and grooving, moulding, and all can be cut and dressed. These plants are light and not costly. Pit saws and a five horsepower plant is the most practical and economical equipment for small undertakings and repair work.

Although we may not be carpenters bytrade, we can all do much to make our houses and stations practical, adapted tothe tropics, sanitary and comfortab.e.

New Guinea Public

SERVICE 'THE following changes in the personnel -*■ of the New Guinea Administration staff w r ere gazetted in Bulletin No. 37; APPOINTMENTS Lloyd R. Lucas, Draftsman, Dept, of Poblir Works.

E. D. Robinson, Acting District Officer, District Services Dept.

H. L. R. Niall, Acting A.D.0., Dept, of District Services.

J. L. Froggatt, Acting Director of Agriculture.

TRANSFERS Dept, of District Services and Native Affair* R. M. Farlow, Patrol Officer, Gasmata to Salamaua.

H. L. R. Niall, Acting A.D.0., Rabaul to Madang.

J. R. Hyde, Cadet, Rabaul to Kavieng (en route Namatanai).

L. A. Considine, Clerk, Wau to SaJamaua.

C. H. Maclean, Clerk, Rabaul to Kavieng.

Dept, of Public Health J. H. L. McGuigan, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Namatanai.

C. M. McArthur, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Namatanai.

A. R. Parry, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Kokopo.

A. Coomber, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Wewak.

A. J. Long, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Kieta.

Temporary Appointments

’T. White, Typiste, Treasury Department.

J. Gridley, Typiste, Treasury Department.

G. M. Alday, Typiste, District Services and Native Affairs Dept.

A. H. Anthony, Nurse, Public Health Dept.

R. G. Barnet, Clerk, Public Health Dept., transferred from Rabaul to Kavieng.

Samoa Again Exports Rubber From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, April 12.

AFTER a lengthy interval of several years the export of Samoan plantation rubber has started again, indicating that the rubber industry, abandoned on account of unprofitable prices, is considered a paying proposition again. Seven tons of rubber were shipped by the Inverbank recently from the Aleisa rubber plantation of the New Zealand Reparation Estates.

The natives are still cutting large quantities of copra and Apia sheds are filled to overflowing with the product.

The Inverbank, which left Apia at the end of March, took away a large shipment of 2,300 tons of copra, over 50 tons of cocoabeans, a small quantity of papain and 75 cases of rubber, all for Continental ports. The American steamer Carisso will lift another large shipment of 1,500 tons of copra about the middle of April.

Mr. Henry James Parsons, who had been a resident of Fiji for over six years, died at Tavua on April 4. Late in 1928 he joined the Fiji Department of Public Works and was on the clerical staff until he retired at the middle of last year. 42 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

r r m y OV

Seventy Ssx Years Ago

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

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Approaching Mount Hagen Area

Progress of Papuan Expedition Under Jack Hides IN the middle of December last Mr. Jack Hides, A.R.M. of the Papuan Administration, and Patrol Officer J. O’Malley left Port Moresby by the “Vailala” with native police and carriers in an attempt to penetrate the unexplored country between the headwaters of the Strickland River and the great Purari River which rises in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea and flows southwards across Papua to the Gulf.

The expedition sailed across the Gulf of Papua to Daru, in the Western Division, and from thence journeyed up the Fly River to Everill’s Junction. In the “Vailala” they proceeded up the Strickland River to Douglas Bend, over 100 miles from the junction with the Fly. The party with their stores and equipment were then transferred to canoes and slowly made their way up the Strickland. After several weeks’ journey by canoe the party discovered a large river flowing into the Strickland from the east. This was named the Rentoul, presumably after Mr. Alex Rentoul, who was Resident Magistrate at Misima Island when Jack Hides was A.R.M. there.

As this river flowed from the direction in which their course lay, Mr. Hides decided to follow it. After 40 miles by water, hampered greatly by floods and rapids, the party disembarked, and at the middle of February were about to make a long trek overland through absolutely unexplored territory to reach the lago River, north-east Delta Division, and later journey down the Purarl River to the coast. The party appeared then to be making satisfactory progress, and if all continues to go well news should be received at the end of May that the expedition have attained their objective, thus bringing credit to the Papuan Administration, and fresh laurels to the intrepid young leader for his daring feat.

The following letter written by Jack Hides on February 19, when he was camped on the eastern watershed of the Rentoul River, was received by a resident of Port Moresby early in April, This was Mr. Hides’ last communication with civilisation before he made the dash inland for the Mount Hagen-Purari area: “Forty days have elapsed since the Mr. Jack Hides, leader of the Papuan Government’s expedition, was born in Papua and knows the country and natives like a book. Before being given the job of leading this important expedition across unknown Papua, he was A.R.M. at Misima Island, south-eastern Papua. Previously he was a very successful Patrol Officer in the Administration service. 44 May 21, 1 935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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“On February 6, a river was discovered entering the Strickland from the east. It was a large river with its mouth partly concealed, and as it seemed to lead to the north I decided to follow it. For reference it has been named the Rentoul River.

“We have advanced 41 miles up the Rentoul, the last 20 miles being over rapids. Further progress by water is Impossible: high mountains are now crowding upon us, and the rapids are really cataracts. Three canoes have been destroyed to remove all temptation from the carriers to desert, and the fourth will leave here in the morning with four police boys and two sick carriers. This leaves us with 10 police boys and 28 carriers. We are camped on the eastern watershed of the Rentoul, at approximately latitude 6 degrees 16.5 minutes and two miles west of meridian 142 degrees 30 minutes—or, roughly speaking, about 85 miles southwest of Mount Hagen (in the Mandated Territory).

“The Rentoul appears to drain a large area of country. One confluent strikes N.N.E., draining high mountains near the Carrington River, as far east as 50 miles from the Cecilia Junction (where the Carrington joins the Strickland): and along this north-east line of mountains there rises a gigantic precipice—a huge wall of rock 10 to 12 miles in length and with a sheer drop of over a mile. These high mountains appear to be all of limestone.

“A second arm of the Rentoul extends eastwards from our camp for a distance of 30 miles or so, losing itself in some high mountains that probably form the top watershed of the Kikori River (which eventually flows into the centre of the Gulf of Papua). In this direction there appears to be a large basin, flanked by these mountains and still higher ones to the north.

“I cannot quite make out this country yet: there are parts where I can see as far as the eye can reach, without a lofty mountain on the horizon. The main Rentoul —that which we are now following— seems to disappear into the north-east between mountains 8,000 and 9,000 feet high. I am inclined to believe that the country which lies ahead of us is of open grass valleys, densely populated. I may be wrong: but it is certainly inhabited.

“To the north and east of our present base the country is fringed with gardens —the first we have seen to date, though the territory we have passed through is all populated. As one looks back down the Rentoul, the hills soon disappear and the country in the vicinity of the Strickland assumes the character of an enormous plain. This lower region, from the Carrington River in the north to the Dupotata Creek in the south —an area of approximately 1,000 square miles—is inhabited for the most part by nomadic tribes, thinly scattered over swamp and forest. They are brown-skinned natives, wearing the grass sporan of the Gulf Kukukuku, and having a ring of dried human entrail as an ornament in the nos© septum. The Strickland headhunters obtain their heads from these primitive people.

“I saw some small areas cleared with stone axes, upon which the natives have with difficulty raised banana and sugarcane crops, but of villages there were none. The people have accepted presents of steel from us, which we left at a distance, and they appear to be friendly. One day I came upon a sago encampment where a number of men, women, and children were making sago. They did not attempt to run away nor did they try to molest me, but when one of our armed constables got himself into a helpless condition in the mud, the men tried to murder him.

“It is difficult to estimate the number of these nomads, and I think it will always be difficult, because they are all wanderers and the whole forest is their playground.

There is probably no other part of Papua so full of game as this huge area of undulating forestlands, and it is on account of this fact, I suppose, that these primitive people are here, living to-day as they did probably before corn was discovered in Egypt. They are surely a part of the oldest inhabitant of this great island.

“We have three months’ stores left, and I expect it will take us fully that time to reach, the laro River (which crosses into Papua from the Mandated Territory of New Guinea and flows in a south-westerly direction, eventually to reach the Purari River and on into the Papuan Gulf). Once 45

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

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PST Vrnqmum we reach the laro River our journey to the coast should not be very difficult.

“We now start relaying into the mountains. This will be slow—painfully slow —for some time, but once the rice is down to just that amount which we can carry off at once as a mobile force, then we shall move quickly, making a wide swing to the north and south and covering a large area of country in our last dash.

“I do not expect that we shall have any of our own food left by the time that we reach the Purari. In that area, however, I know what is ahead of us, and we shall be able to live, however, uncomfortably, on the country.

“O’Malley and I are fit and well and have flowing beards, like corsairs.”

O. F. Nelson Ltd. Reduce

CAPITAL From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, April 14.

THE well-known firm of O. F. Nelson and Co., Ltd., of Apia, Samoa, recently reduced their capital to half the nominal amount. There are persistent local reports that negotiations are proceeding to sell out to a South Sea Islands concern at present not domiciled in Samoa. It is reported that negotiations have so far not led to any definite arrangement.

Freak Coconut Tree

Letter to the Editor.

ABOUT July last, you published the photograph of a seedling coconut which threw a small head of young nuts about the size of grapes.

I now can advise you of a freak coconut tree which does not bear coconuts at all.

Instead it throws out of each spathe a young healthy growing coconut tree or seedling. There is absolutely no sign of a nut. The seedling tree is attached to the bole of the main tree.

This tree is at present growing on Mr.

J, G. Taylor’s estate at Uou Kaea on the island of Taveuni, Fiji.

The head of the tree is one mass of young growing coconut trees, on the bole of the tree there are quite a few young trees firmly attached to the mother tree.

Mr. Taylor has on several occasions cut a tree off, and planted it, but the young trees do not live.

There was only the one freak tree until a few years ago, when the wog passed to three trees in the next line of trees, and those three trees, which had previously borne good heads of ordinary nuts, started to throw varas (young seedlings) instead.

Mr. Taylor, getting “breezy” (who would not!) cut the three new contacts down; but is keeping the original tree as a curiosity.

This tree is well known by all residents of Taveuni as well as to the Agricultural Department, Suva.

Are there any similar trees in the Pacific, I wonder?

I am, etc., ARTHUR ROBINSON.

Natovo Estate, Vanua Levu, 18/3/’35.

Raid On Samoan

CABARET Police Seize “Sly-grog”

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, April 12.

ON Saturday, April 6, during the performance of a ‘‘Hawaiian Night,” with Hawaiian dances and songs, Apia police raided the Moana Cabaret and confiscated a quantity of beer and other liquor.

The owner of the cabaret, Mr. E. Fabricius, had sold tickets for the entertainment at 10/- for men and 5/- for ladies, which entitled clients to free entrance, free refreshments, and a free supper.

The police found that amongst the refreshments supplied were whisky and beer.

It is believed that the police will prosecute the owner of the cabaret for illegal sale of liquor and beer, which constitutes an offence under the existing prohibition regulations. This will be an interesting test case, as a conviction would automatically stop the dispensing of liquor and beer at several other establishments in Apia.

Mr. Arthur Henry Wastall, of Navua, Fiji, died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, on April 10, following a recent bad accident. He was born in Kent, England, and, after residing in Australia and South Africa, arrived in Fiji with his wife some 12 years ago.

Until recent years he was manager of “Miramar” boarding house in Suva. 46 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Tahitian Treasure In Madrid Museum

Sacred Relic From Taputapuatea

By Eric Ramsden

IT is not generally known that one of the greatest Polynesian treasures, probably the only one of its kind now in existence in the world, is in Madrid. lam referring to the umete, or bowl of black dolerite, which the Spanish interpreter, Maximo Rodriguez, removed from the Taputapuatea marae at Punauuia, Tahiti, in 17 <5, and took to his patron, the T iceroy Amat, , , ~ . , .

The bowl eventually found its way to Spain but not before it was used as a receptacle for washing up dishes at Ll E l . a - . ~ ~ The story is quite a romantic one Maximo was the only member of the party of four Spaniards left by Don Domingo Bonechea at Tautira in 17/4 to achieve any popularity with the Tahitians. The two pnests shut themselves up, obviously afraid for their lives. The seaman in attendance upon them was a surly fellow and, through his own foolishness, almost met with the fate that the padres feared.

Maximo, on the other hand knew the Tahitian tongue, and although somewhat narrow-minded—due, doubtless to his rellglOUS training was well liked.

When in Tahiti recently I visited Tautira, and was interested to learn that the site of Bonechea’s grave is still a mattor of roniecture The local tradition is ter or conjectuie. ine local iraamon is that a valuable jewel was buried with the Spanish commander, when he was buried at the foot of the cross, near the mission, on the return of the expedition from Raiatea. In all probability the suggestion has no basis in fact. The mission, of course, was a failure,

Maximo Rodriguez’S Journal

j n b j g raC y narrative—which by good fortune was found in London some years ago in q U^te an unexpected manner by Bolton Glanvill Corney—there are several references to the famous black bowl. It is be ii eved to have been manufactured in MaU piti, which at that time was subsidiary tQ Puni the ce i e brated chief of Pora Pora.

From Pora Pora it was taken to Raiatea, and then handed over to Tu. the first p om are Maximo came across it in the course of a tour of th island> and had not the slightest hesitation in asking for it. That £ be Tahitians were not particularly pleased par t w ith such a sacred object is evident by a subse quent attempt to steal it.

The p assa g es j n Maximo’s diary are of interest. On July 10, 1774, when visiting Pomare > s people, he wrote: , , . , . T . , . f . (Tu’s) brother. A beautifully wrought bowl of black stone was delivered over to me. This is a unique treasure, which I heard of through one natives as being m the possession of the aru otu ’ whlch > on m y beggmg it from him, he had consented to give me> He kept it however, in the district of A tehuru, where there is a large Stone-built cemetery, or marae, whereat they swear him in as arii This bowl had been dedicated to their god Eatua, and consequently 1 had some doubts whether I should succeed in gaining possession of it ”

The bowl was actually handed over at Punauuia or, as the Spaniard calls it, “Teypunagui.” It was so large that it required four men to carry it.

The exact locality of this marae, where Maximo saw “a large number of skulls and human remains set out in regular order.” is also a matter for conjecture. It 47

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

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M Y. is to be regretted that the French have not paid more attention to these historic ruins. In some cases maraes were actually dismantled and the stones used for roadmaking or the building of bridges.

Next day, at Pare, the Spaniard was horrified to find that the bowl had been stolen from his canoe. “Which irritated me so much that I even used threats to them,” he says, in the Hakluyt Society’s translation of his journal, which I consulted in the Mitchell Library in Sydney.

Eventually, the bowl was found buried in the sand, and Maximo spent the night keeping watch over the precious relic. On his return to Tautira on July 18, he noted: “I presently arrived home and found nothing noteworthy except the padres’ lack of interest in my journey. ...”

An Unhappy Mission

An extract from the journal of the priests on the same day is of interest: “The interpreter returned home with his party at 9 o’clock at night from the district of Opare (Pare). . . . He also landed a large bowl made of black stone, and other things. . . .” The padres always wanted to treat poor Maximo as a servant, and invariably referred to him as “the Marine-Interpreter”!

Nothing further was heard of the bowl, after the departure of the Spaniards, following the close of their pitifully unsuccessful mission, until 1912. It was then discovered and identified in the National Collection in Madrid.

The original journal kept by Maximo has never been found, though several copies were known to be in existence. From the outset the padres were suspicious of him — he was only 20 years of age at the time— and did their utmost to discourage him writing at all, despite strict orders from the Viceroy to do so. Keeping the diary, declared Maximo, occasioned him “not a few anxieties, being at times obliged to write in pencil, at others to resort to some makeshift ink that he had prepared in secret, “because I wot not what grudges and suspicions entertained by my companions against what I might write. . . .”

It was not until the “Beagle” arrived at Lima in 1837, under the command of Captain Robert Fitzroy (and with the famous Charles Darwin as a member of his staff), that a copy of the journal came to light.

It was presented to the Royal Geographical Society, of which Captain Fitzroy was an original Fellow, and there remained until discovered quite casually by Corney. The Chevalier Dillon, in his day one of the best known characters in the South Seas, is believed to have had another copy. Don Manuel Tirado, and the daughter of Maximo, gave Captain Fitzroy the copy, which was subsequently translated into English. The recipient was subsequently a particularly unsuccessful Governor of New Zealand.

As for the bowl, which Maximo delivered to the Viceroy, he complained some years later that he had to rescue it later from “the kitchen of a private individual who had dedicated it to the washing up of dishes, in spite of its being, as it really is, a treasure worthy of a niche in the Royal Cabinet for which it was destined.” It was, he added, prized by the Tahitians "as a thing sacred to their God.”

The pity is that there is so little material left in Tahiti and adjacent islands to recall the once splendid past. Even in the museum in Papeete there is really little of any importance, apart from the Marquesan section. What is left has to be searched for in the museums of Europe and the United States.

No Munitions For

PARAGUAY TT is notified in the official Gazette of the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific dated March 20, 1935, that it is forbidden to export or re-export any war munitions, materials and aeroplanes from the Solomon Islands or the Gilbert and Ellice Islands to the country of Paraguay, in South America.

It would be most interesting to know the story behind this official notification. 48 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Evangelising Fiji

A Century of Mission Progress "THE conversion of the Fijians to the ‘Lotu’ is one of the most romantic stories in the history of the Christian Church,” wrote Rev. W. Deane, M.A., 8.D., in the “Sydney Morning Herald” of April 6.

In the course of a long article he tells of the struggle of early Methodist missionaries to combat cannibalism and other hideous barbarian practices. He recounts how they sowed the seeds of Christianity, which later were to flourish under the devoted service of such workers as Williams, Hunt, Hazelwood, and Watsford, until a century later Fiji was completely evangelised.

Four days’ sail from Tonga lies the Lau Group of Fiji, and to the small island of Lakemba journeyed Revs. William Cross and David Cargill, M.A., in 1835.

These two missionaries are generally regarded as the founders of the Fijian Mission, writes Mr. Deane. Already in the group, however, were two Tahitians, refugees from the Society Group, who had been landed at Oneata Island by the Hibernia, and who had influenced many natives towards Christianity. There were, also, a few Tongan Christians settled in the group.

Relating the circumstances that brought Cross and Cargill to Lakemba, Mr. Deane says that there had been a remarkable revival in Tonga under the preaching of Nathaniel Turner. As a result the two missionaries decided to undertake the evangelisation of the “Cannibal Islands.”

King George of Tonga strongly supported them, sending an official ambassador with presents for Tui Nayau, King of Lakemba.

Cross and Cargill arrived in Fiji in the Blackbird on October 12, 1835, and went ashore in a small boat, anxiously awaiting their fate. Making their way through a menacing crowd of natives they reached the King’s residence, and were hospitably received. Tui Nayau agreed to build houses for them, and when the dwellings were ready the families of the missionaries came ashore from the schooner to live and work among the natives in the name of their church. Later a native chapel was erected.

The landing 100 years ago will be celebrated in Fiji this year. On October 12, a great memorial church, now being built, will be opened. Twelve massive pillars will support the roof, and the church will look out towards the spot where the first intrepid white men landed.

The first convert at Lakemba, continued Mr. Deane, was a Tongan named Faubula.

He married a Fijian girl, and because of his newly-confessed faith was driven away to Tonga. There he entered the native ministry, his son following in his footsteps. Faubula’s grandson also joined the missionary ranks and studied theology under Rev. A. H. Wood, M.A., 8.D., at Tubou College, Nukualofa, and at the Melbourne College of Divinity. He is Rev.

Jiotame Faubula, L.Th., who is now in Australia doing deputation work in the various States for the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia.

Aerial Transport In

New Guinea

T>EFORE he sailed on his return to London, Mr. J. P. Blaikie Webster, the new head of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd., made contracts with the New Guinea aerial transport companies for the handling- of N.G.G. freight. The lion’s share goes to Guinea Airways Ltd., and the balance is divided between Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd. and Carpenter’s Aerial Service. We understand the currency of the new contracts is one year.

If, as is reported, N.G.G. at last are to undertake a more active programme of development and gold-getting, they will have a substantial volume of freight between the coast and Wau. 49

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

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N.G. MAGISTRATES Plea For Appointment Of Non-official Justices

By Gordon Thomas

THE report from Canberra that residents of Norfolk Island are to be appointed Justices of the Peace revives the question of the appointment of New Guinea residents as Justices.

On more than one occasion this matter has been brought up in the N.G. Legislative Council and, though the suggestion has been tabbed “for consideration" by the Administration, no definite action has been taken. Most likely nothing will be done unless the matter arouses the interest of Canberra and there is some practical and outstanding illustration of the need for a change in the present method.

Although the classification of the Public Service allows for a Stipendiary Magistrate at a salary ranging from £BO4 to £9OO per annum, this office has been vacant since the death of Colonel Shillington in 1931. The duties since then have been carried on by officials of the District Service staff, who naturally were Government officials and, not unnaturally, imbued with the Government outlook.

It is not my intention to infer that there has been any “miscarriage of justice” in the Lower Courts in Rabaul, but what I do wish to point out is the possible tendency for Administration officials, serving under Administration discipline and schooled in the Administration policy which, as a result of the terms of mandate from the League of Nations, is a partiality towards natives, being biassed in their findings when cases arise between the colours. There is the possibility that a finding on facts may be substituted for a verdict in favour of the “ignorant native” who is struggling to find his level in the social scheme of things.

Were a Magistrate appointed by the Governor-General in Australia and not numbered amongst the personnel of the Territory’s Public Service, it is reasonable to expect that he would feel more free and unhampered in his duties on the Bench than if he were an Administration official, whose verdicts, in the interests of justice, at times must be unsympathetic towards the general Administration policy with possible embarrassing results.

A Stipendiary Magistrate should be appointed for Rabaul and Justices of the Peace should also be appointed both for Rabaul and outlying districts. Such action would undoubtedly be welcomed by magistrates themselves, as well as satisfying a large section of the general public.

It would be difficult to select a more suitable man for the position of “Stipe” than a certain District Officer who has almost completed 20 years in the service, and whose experience and knowledge of this Territory is unique. In the ordinary course of events he will, presumably, retire and occupy his time growing balsams in a city suburb down South; thereby the Territory will lose the services of an expert on native “fashion” and evidence, as his work on the Bench, on out-stations and in Rabaul has already proved.

Cook Is. Trading

Schooners Busy Again

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 20.

FOLLOWING their annual hibernation in Penhyrn Lagoon, the tradingschooners Tiare Taporo and Tagua arrived back in Rarotonga last week. The Tagua came direct from the Northern Group, and Tiare Taporo via Tahiti, where for the second time during the past year she has undergone extensive repairs.

Both schooners left almost immediately for Mangaia, where they will ship 3000 cases of oranges, returning again in time to connect with the up-going mail steamer.

Considerable dickering took place by inter-island radio before the shipment was arranged, but this was finally affected on a satisfactory basis.

The Resident Commissioner, Judge H.

F. Ayson, C.M.G., was a passenger on the Tiare Taporo, paying one of those swift visits of inspection which have enabled him, over a period of 13 years, to keep his finger so unerringly on the Cook Island pulse. 50 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Seven Hours In

Raging Seas

Brave Feat of Torres Strait Native Women "VfANY Islanders throughout the groups and territories that dot the vast Pacific have won deserved reputations for feats of heroism and endurance, but there has scarcely been a parallel with the feat performed at the end of last century by a young native woman of Darnley Island, Torres Strait, named Mauara Lifu.

Her courageous deed was recalled recently when a handsome memorial of white coral and shells was erected by Darnley Islanders over her grave on Thursday Island.

At the height of the pearling season in March, 1899, the coast of North Queensland was suddenly swept by a desolating cyclone, and the fishing boats off Cape Melville received the gale’s full force. In the maelstrom of lashing seas and howling winds, 70, fishing ketches were wrecked, with the loss of seven white men and 300 natives.

When two white men were flung overboard as their boat heeled over under the impact of mountainous waves, the young Darnley Island woman dived from her father’s lugger to the rescue. As she reached the semi-conscious men her own boat quivered drunkenly from stem to stern and capsized. Supporting the two half-drowned white men on her back, she swam for seven hours through violent and seething seas, until exhausted and in a state of collapse she and the rescued men managed to scramble ashore at a little beach on the Queensland coast.

Her courageous and daring feat attracted considerable attention, and she was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of England, being the first native woman to receive such a coveted honour.

Amiral Charner

Now Stationed at Tahiti From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, April 16.

THE French war vessel, Amiral Charner, a light scout cruiser of 2,800 tons, arrived in Tahiti recently to take the place of the Bellatrix, which returned to France last year to be scrapped. This new vessel —one of the latest additions to the French navy—is an oil burner, developing a speed of 18 knots, and, like her sister ship the Rigaud de Genouilly, which visited Papeete last year, is a gracefully built craft.

She was built at Bordeaux, and launched in August 1933. On her maiden voyage, the Amiral Charner left Toulon in April last year for the South Seas.

After proceeding through Suez Canal and calling at many French ports en route, the vessel reached New Caledonia at the end of 1934. At Noumea orders were received to proceed direct to Tahiti and thus it was not possible to visit New Zealand as was originally intended.

The arrival of the Amiral Charner on March 31 was announced by the unaccustomed humming of a ’plane, which aroused the worthy citizens of Papeete from their usual Sabbath siesta, and sent them hurrying to the waterfront to be present at the reception. Since then the town has been more or less en fete and the 122 officers and men have been well entertained in characteristic Tahitian style. His Excellency Governor Montagne gave a ball at Government House on Saturday, April 6, and a similar function was given by the Mayor of Papeete (Mr.

George Bambridge) on the 13th, which wound up the festivities for the time being.

The Amiral Charner is commanded by Capitaine de Fregate 'Monsieur Adelus, who was a distinguished aviator during the great war, and who holds the Legion d’Honneur and many other decorations.

The sea ’plane carried by this vessel is a scouting ’plane capable of carrying two men and remaining in the air for over three hours. 51

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

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SOME short while ago the subject of Germany re-entering the Pacific was mooted in these columns. The bias of the article was distinctly, if guardedly, favourable, and at first sight there seems much to support that attitude.

But only at first sight.

The old sabre-rattling Junker Germany is admittedly dead. Potsdam haute ecole has become Munich basse ecole. But the same aggressive imperialism which coloured the former still tints the latter under its brown shirt.

Individually, we have no prejudices.

The characteristics which we have grown to assdciate with certain nationalities are so minutely present in each member that we hardly notice them at all. It is only when the individuals of a nation come together to form a national herd that we begin perhaps to dislike them.

The Germans one meets casually, in the Islands and elsewhere, are excellent fellows —on their own. Collectively, however, they immediately acquire a “national consciousness,” becoming, as ardent Nazis, a menace to world peace just as potent as their pre-war prototypes.

Nazism is the antithesis of internationalism. Broadly interpreted, it means “Germany for the Germans, and as much else as can be acquired.” It is a militant race-conscious fever running a dangerously high temperature.

If Germany returns to the Pacific she will do so as a strong Nazi-Fascist influence.

It is true that neither the Samoans nor the Marshall Islanders are likely to become “Hitlerised.” If that were the only consideration, there would be no argument. Similarly, if sane administration was the focus of attention, there would be even less to say, since it is almost impossible to imagine a more hopeless muddle than has been made by New Zealand over the Mandated Territory of Samoa.

Unfortunately, the situation is rather more complicated.

The two great forces in world politics to-day are Fascism and Communism—the latter typified by the U.S.S.R. Between these two diametrically opposed principles the war clouds are as surely gathering as they gathered in 1914, and every indication points to an alliance between Imperialist Japan and Fascist Germany, both bent upon the same objective (the expansion of their frontiers) but with the interests of neither conflicting.

Given naval and military bases in the Pacific, Germany would be in a unique position to aid Japan, and, granted that such an alliance matured successfully, what would be the probable result? Germany, as her share, would recover the “Polish corridor” plus a substantial cut of Soviet territory; while Japan would not only annex further Pacific holdings (she has already declared her intention of retaining the Mandated Islands), but would also acquire complete commercial and strategic possession of these waters.

The question is not one of whether communist Russia should or should not be attacked, but rather of the effect of such an attack on neutral peoples. Any move which tends to increase the possibilities of war and the further extension of Asiatic influence in the Pacific is a grave error to be avoided at all costs, particularly at the trifling one of a little false sentiment over the return of the ex-German colonies.

The possible reply to this, that in the event of a successful campaign Germany would guarantee the protection of existing interests, is all “boloney,” for in these days of political realism nobody has much serious consideration for those who are too weak, or who have let slip the opportunity, to help themselves.

R. JULIAN DASHWOOD.

Shall We Return the German Colonies?

Letter to the Editor THE serious situation that may arise in the Pacific through the aspirations of a recreated Germany, so vividly expressed in the able article in your January issue, is worth of all the consideration that dwellers in this Territory can gl If C it be accepted that the effect of the vote by the German nationals in the Saar Valley, for a return to full citizenship of their native land, will act as an inspiration to that country to recommence a programme of Empire building overseas, it is certainly time we began to think what can be done about it. An added incentive to do the right thing would be our acceptance as sincere of Hitler’s recent utterances to the effect that German aims are all directed towards universal peace.

There may be pathos in the hysterical attitude of France, whose feelings of terror are engendered by propinquity and past experience. On the other hand, we have an arrogant Japan backed by an expensive navy. We must set our faces against all this kind of thing and approach the subject in a big hearted way.

Our recent action in wiping out an attempt by a German shipping line to establish themselves in these waters (because they would interfere with, our trade, forsooth!) can only create unfriendly feelings and convey an impression that any hint of German expansion will be bitterly resented by us.

Yet with a renewal of colonisation by Germany in the Pacific we must accept the fact that German shipping would follow as a national sequence.

But that need not concern us greatly for if, as the inference of your article suggests, we carry out this act of restitution and hand the Mandated Territory back to Germany, it would be unlikely that many of our nationals would remain in it, so that the necessity for British shipping lines would practically disappear. ... , A ..

It is more or less upon this issue that the writer feels unable to go quite all the way with you. Even if we feel that the Mandate was thrust upon us in the first place and that we have really

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Recently Published

This book, by Samuel Russell, has just been published. It is a valuable work of reference, insofar as it gives, in relation to Tahiti and French Oceania, complete details of administration, commerce, sport, tourist resorts, industries, excursions, hotels, immigration and land laws, etc.

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1933

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Their colonisation would be almost the same as it was after their previous 50 years’ occupancy and our own conscience would be clear!

The position of this portion of the Territory then would be unique. It would have the agreeable distinction of being practically the only solvent and surplus producing State in the world—in fact there would be nothing to hold it back.

The whole question certainly merits the concentrated study of all those who have the interests and well being of all other nations—and our own, of course—at heart.

I am etc., JANUS.

Wau 26th February, 1935.

EDITORIAL NOTE: While the argument in the article to which our correspondent refers was in favour of the return of the German colonies, we have expressed the opinion repeatedly that the restoration of the Pacific Islands (New Guinea, Marshalls and Carolines, Samoa) is not practical politics. Those islands are at the end of 10,000 miles of communications and are very difficult to defend. Germany can get full scope for her colonising genius, and a rich source of raw materials, by arranging the return of her former African territories.

At the third annual general meeting of the members of the Pacific Islands Association held on April 4 the following Council was elected;—Sir Hubert Murray (President). Sir J. Maynard Hedstrom (Vice-,president), Hon. Alport Barker, M.L.C., Messrs. J. Colclough, J. W. Baldie, R. W. Robson, W. B. Rainsford, and G.

M. Rodger, Drs. W. L. Calov and C. C.

Simson, Rev. M. A. Warren and Capt. S.

G. Green.

Lord Baden-Powell

Banana-Leaf Banquet in Rarotonga From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 16.

THE Chief Scout, Lord Baden-Powell, A accompanied by Lady Baden-Powell and their two daughters, passed through the Cook Islands last month on the Maunganui. Local Girl Guides paraded for inspection on the L.M.S. grounds at Takamoa, where a number of European exservicemen were also present. Afternoon tea followed, and the visitors then left for a native umukai, prepared by the Returned Soldiers’ Association in the Osana Hall.

As the small soldierly figure appeared drums whirred, thumped and pounded. A statuesque, half-clad Rarotongan leaped forward, stamped the ground, advanced, shook like forty thousand jellies, and fell back among the spectators. Delighted, the Chief Scout took photos., and insisted on a repetition of the dance.

Received by Capt. J. D. Campbell, the party were then introduced to a bewildering array of Cook Island dishes served on banana leaves spread along the floor of the hall.

During the meal two large pearl-shell hooks were presented, the gift being made in a singularly apt speech of welcome by a local native. Replying, Lord Baden- Powell expressed the hope that on his next visit he would find not only Girl Guides, but also a troop of Boy Scouts on the island.

On South Seas Cruise

Douglas Fairbanks in Yacht Caroline From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, May 12.

ON an extensive cruise of the Pacific Islands, the motor yacht Caroline, owned by Mr. Johnson, of New York, arrived in Suva Harbour, Fiji, on May 6.

On board was Mr. Douglas Fairbanks, the famous film actor, who has made and directed several motion pictures in connection with the South Seas. His last visit to the Islands was to French Oceania to take part in the production of “Robinson Crusoe,” in which he played a leading role. On the present occasion, however, he devoted his time to fishing and the enjoyment of Islands sports.

Two women, the owner’s wife and Lady Ashley, were also passengers. When the latter’s husband sued her for divorce in London recently, Douglas Fairbanks was named as co-respondent.

Before reaching Fiji, the yacht voyaged through French Oceania, landing several screen stars at Papeete in mid-April.

From Tahiti the party cruised among the Society Islands, then sailed across to Pago Pago, American Samoa, where they spent several days.

After three days at Suva, the Caroline sailed for the Solomon Islands, Japan, China, and the East Indies, and finally will go to Southhampton, England.

Lance-Corporal J. H. M. Bower, of the Samoan Constabulary, was in New Zealand on furlough at the end of April. 54 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Pioneer Planter Fears Native

TROUBLE Letter to the Editor.

IREAD with interest and sincere approval the letter by “Veri” in your issue of December last. It is in my opinion the soundest and most honest plea for a revision of the conditions under which managers, especially of isolated plantations, are suffering to-day, and have suffered ever since the inception of Civil Administration.

I am an Australian returned soldier with eighteen years of experience of handling native labour, with a good record; yet have to travel per boot 100 miles to take in witnesses, to say nothing of swimming several rivers to lay a complaint against a native. The essence of punishment to a native is its promptness.

After days of delay on the road —weeks, if the rivers are up—the offence, to the native mind, is lost sight of; and often I have to parade the erring boy before a youth in the Administration who can scarcely speak Pidgin.

If the white man on the plantation is considered capable—as he is certainly held responsible—to doctor, ration, pay, generally look after and apportion work to his natives, he should be empowered to maintain discipline on the job, and he can’t do that without the aid of a cane.

The boys themselves prefer summary justice and were much happier under the old regime. They knew then where they stood. At present, they do not, as witness the numerous cases of rape and indecent assault on white children and women. Five such cases were reported in a recent issue of the Rabaul Times.

Ten years’ imprisonment was given in some cases. Ten strokes on the tail administered when the rot first set in would have prevented all this. In fact, there would have been no rot.

Often have I had boys, when bowled out in things they should not do (and knew they shouldn’t do) ask me to administer punishment and finish with it. I have done so, and realised the grave risk I was running. My contention is, there should be no risk in the performance of an essential, although distasteful task. Incidentally, the requests are made not from fear of calaboose —far from it! but swift retribution is native style, and that is all they understand, even with all our years of coddling.

After long years of pioneering in this country, which I like, and after planning to spend my old age here, I am really afraid of big native trouble in the near future, and I intend selling out when a fair price offers. I am aware my selling will not alter the Administration’s policy, but it will mean some other white man must face the grave issues I am tired of facing.

I am, etc.

PIONEER.

New Ireland, 22/2/35.

Distinguished Soldier

Visits Rarotonga

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 19.

'Peripatetic capt. a. j. Carfax-Foster paid us a final visit last month, and will return again by the Maunganui to Wellington, where he is at present in business. Capt. Foster formerly owned the “hoodoo” plantation of Arakuo, and later was connected with various activities in the Group.

Besides the M.C., M.M., and Croix de Guerre (2 palms), he holds the distinguished foreign decorations of Commander of the Redeemer (Greece) and Knight of the Sun and Eion (Persia). Second son of the late Sir Harry Graham Foster, Bt., he nearly succeeded to the title in 1931. He would have done so had not his elder brother relinquished American citizenship and returned to England. 55

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

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Tahiti’S Trade

RISES Review of French Colony’s I 934 Statistics From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, April 17.

THE 1934 trade statistics for French Oceania —published in the “Journal Officiel” of April 1, 1935 —show a considerable upward tendency in both imports and exports, particularly in the latter, which, with a total of 16,879,000 francs gives an increase of 2,126,000 francs over 1933. The total imports and exports amounted to 37.012.000 francs in 1934, which is 2,788,000 francs more than in 1933.

An examination of the returns discloses that the increase in exports is entirely accounted for under the headings of copra and vanilla. Copra, which amounted to 17,920 tons valued at 7,893,000 francs in 1933, increased to 23,877 tons valued at 9.565.000 francs in 1934. The whole of the 1934 copra output went to France. Vanilla also showed an increase both in quantity and value, the respective figures being 52.9 tons valued at 793,000 francs in 1933 as against 103 tons valued at 2,280,000 francs in 1934.

Phosphate rock exports from the island of Makatea showed a small decrease from 79,044 tons in 1933 to 77,470 tons in 1934.

Most of this rock was shipped to Japan.

Only 60 tons of mother-of-pearl shell were exported during 1934, the market for this commodity being in a stagnant condition.

M-O-P shell, copra and vanilla make up 91 per cent, of the value of all exports from the Colony. Included in the remaining 9 per cent, are hides, bees-wax, bechede-mer, sweet potatoes, pearls, sugar, coffee, fungus, rum, and tobacco, all in negligible quantities.

As usual, the U.S.A. sold more goods to French Oceania during 1934 than any other country, American imports being worth 6,061,000 francs. France took second place with 5,143,000 francs. Australia and New Zealand together supplied 4,023,000 francs worth; China 2,426,000 francs (mostly sugar and soft goods); England 1.210,000 francs; and other countries 957,- 000 francs.

The French share of the import business amounted to 25.54 per cent, and of the exports 68.85 per cent, the latter showing a constant increase since 1930 when it amounted to only 29.10 per cent.

This change has been brought about largely by the introduction of a bonus on copra shipped to France, and the inauguration of a regular service between France and Tahiti, via Panama, by Messagerie Maritimes steamers.

As anticipated in last year’s reports the transportation and re-export business, which amounted in 1933 to 13,233,000 francs dropped to 671,000 francs in 1934 owing to the complete cessation of the liquor traffic between Tahiti and Mexico.

Formerly, before the repeal of prohibition in America, the transhipment of liquor cargoes from Canada, Scotland and Europe was quite a lucrative business in Tahiti. The liquor was taken aboard tramp steamers, landed in Mexico and smuggled across the border into U.S.A.

A total of 68 vessels entered the Colony during 1934, with a total tonnage of 264,131. Of these 37 were British (144,211 tons), 19 French (67,427 tons), three American (25,309 tons), and the remaining nine from other foreign countries (27,184 tons).

Trend Of Rubber

A London trade report published in mid-March expressed the opinion that the immediate outlook for the rubbergrower continued adverse, and prospects did not appear so promising now that actual production from the principal producing countries was known for another six months at least.

Mr. R. C. Laycock, a well-known planter and trader of Ysabel, Solomon Islands, returned to Tulagi in connection with his business interests by the Malaita on April 18. He intends to remain in the Group for about a year. 56 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Death Notice

COOK—April 16, 1935, at 61 Curtis-road, Balmain, Roland Rasell Cook (Captain Bob), of Kilinwata Plantation, Bainings, New Guinea, and London, England, aged 61 years.

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What “ Hydrogenation ”

May Mean to Copra Producers OUR friend, Mr. J. M. Clift (formerly of Solomon Is.), has directed our attention to a recent article in the Melbourne 'Argus,” wherein Professor A. M. Low describes the new process known as hydrogenation, and what it may mean to the world.

Hydrogenation—stated briefly and very inadequately—is the method recently discovered by scientists by which the apparently fundamental character of substances is changed. A diamond, a piece of coal, and a lump of graphite were identical in their initial chemical make-up; but Nature, in the course of millions of years, has subjected the original substance to different processes, and to-day it is presented to us as quite different things. Science, having proved that this is so, is proceeding to do, in a few hours, in the laboratory and workshop, what was done by Nature over periods of almost incalculable length. Scientists are as yet only on the edge of this marvellous new world. What they are going to accomplish eventually, in transmitting masses .of apparently useless stuff into foods and materials of value to humanity, heaven alone knows.

Take coal, for example. The forest deposits of millions of years ago, have become the common carbon. But, in certain cases—some think it may have been the result of the action of the sun upon masses of seaweed —hydrogen was added to the original carbon base; and so, instead of coal, we get the hydro-carbons, such as paraffin oil, petrol, tar, an! many allied substances. To-day, the world’s industrial chemists are at work on the process of securing at will a practicable union of coal and hydrogen, so that humanity may obtain the more precious oil.

That is only one example of hydrogenation. There is no limit to the possibilities of the thing.

We quote, verbatim, the section of the article which is of particular interest to copra producers: ‘‘Oils have been made from cottonseed for many years, but this oil can now be hydrogenated or ‘hardened’ to a fatty substance having the consistency of lard.

It is, in fact, a type of synthetic lard produced at many times less the cost of the original substance, and possessing, for certain purposes, better qualities. Even whale or herring oil can have hydrogen added to their formation in such manner that the least semblance to a fishy oil is removed —to the point, in fact, at which these materials can be employed for the manufacture of chocolate in place of cocoa butter. As solvents, the industrial importance of turpentine and linseed oils can hardly be exaggerated, but they can now be ‘hardened,’ to use the trade term, and employed, together with fish oils, in the manufacture of pleasant-smelling soap.

“Would any chemist of the late decade have believed that whale oil would form a valuable constituent for the manufacture of margarine and cooking fats, equalling in result a similar natural product, made, perhaps, by a comparable process, but extending over 100,000,000 years? Perhaps the most remarkable point of all is that the process which achieves these results is as yet in its earliest stages.”

Cohabitation In Cook

ISLANDS Letter to the Editor.

MY reply to Mr. Dashwood’s letter (P.1.M., 24/l/’35) need be very brief.

In paragraph 1 he says I write “a lot of nonsense”; yet in paragraph 9 he admits ‘‘l do not know the early history of Niue.”

Mr. Dashwood’s name does not, so far as I can find, appear on the list of visitors to Niue, and is not among those of past residents of the Island.

Need I say more?

I am, etc., FAIR PLAY.

Niue, March 18, 1935 57

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

Mrs. N. WALKER - FLYNN.

Late 35 Powell Street, Coogee

COSTUMIER E,

Malaguna Road, Rabaul

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When traveling 3n bath and wash basin dn illness and convalescence Cooling ffragrant-{lnvigorating HCow to he used: QppCy to face, forehead or body*inhaCe from handkerchief*spray in room. 053 Fashion Hints for Islands Women By Therese VEWS of the new hats comes to us— humorous and interesting news, that fills us with excitement. All sorts of intriguing designs are offered, and ribbon or flower trimmed or not trimmed at all, we hail them with exceeding delight.

Though crowns may soar skywards for evening, the light of day sees them flatter than ever—almost crownless, if such could be, as shown by the Spanish influence. Very toreador-ish —bull fights and what nots.

Brims are pushed forward with a rush, and there are poke bonnets for the jeune fille of wide-eyed innocence and naivete.

Square fronts have sawn-off backs and brims rolled or twisted at the side, with a cock-a-hoop air. Sailors, small or medium, are made in shiny black straw, with brims turned skywards. Pique bows, patent leather straps, and gaily striped bands trim the tailored hats, while pastel panamas revel in a glorious confusion of flowers of every variety.

There is joy in the knowledge that stitched taffeta, piques and linen hats are still to be our friends, for they offer such infinite possibilities with their jaunty freshness.

Blue, since it is Queen Mary’s favourite colour, is well to the fore. A blue linen frock, with hat, bag, and gloves of deeper blue, is really charming, and if you are adventuresome try the same blue frock with pink accessories. You will be delighted with the result.

Sports clothes are of extreme simplicity, with skirts a little wider and a little fuller. Polished wooden buttons and buckles add distinction to this type of frock.

There is youthful charm, that is flattering about the little frocks of printed cottons and silks in fast colours; frilled or smartly tailored without severity. They are all the heart could desire.

White, printed with blue spots, makes a most attractive frock, with its kerchief of blue tied cowl effect, with a knot at the back of the neck.

A pastel linen is worth considering with the drooping shoulder line forming the sleeves, buttons on the shoulders and, down the sides of the bodice, making it marvellously simple to slip in and out of- The neck is cut square, lower at the back than the front, and a vivid belt knotted at the waist forms the necessary colour contrast. A very cleyer combination of three colours —fashion’s newest whim —is the skirt of pale blue, topped by a blouse of faintest pink, and over all a lilac coat. It is a study in coolness, and offers infinite variety of accessories.

Finger length jackets lined with material to match blouse or dress are the last word in chic. For tropical wear, a rather wide facing can be substituted for the full lining quite successfully.

A hip length mandarin-like jacket worn back to front buttons all the way up. Its slashed front and three-quarter sleeves reveal belt and blouse in contrasting shade. The hat falls in with the general colour scheme.

Stripes and spots aplenty! But stripes on the cross to be really chic. A crossover frock of green and white stripes, ties at throat and waist with perky kitten ear bows, and with its very low back, is absolutely ideal beach wear. The addition of a short sleeved little bolero jacket and it is ready for varied occasions.

Delightful variations, not only in whitebut in pastel blues and pinks, play an important role in the wardrobe. A last season’s frock needs refurbishing; and hey presto! With all speed come intriguing little collars, interchangeable gillets, jabots that tie or button on, odds and ends of gaily coloured scarves to play their part in the scheme of things, whereby a limited income finds unlimited possibilities by their magic aid.

Cartridge pleating for both day and evening is again sponsored, and lovely is the coat of green velvet with its raglan sleeves, cartridge pleated on shoulders and at wrist. A large squashy bow of crimson and gold adorns the neckline, and beauty is complete.

Skirts are skirts, purely and simply.

Plain and well cut, they lend dignity equally to the frivolous little blouse or its more sober tailored sister. A softly gathered frill falls from neck to waistline, trims itself with the tiniest of buttons, “tinker, tailor” fashion, and makes the daintiest of afternoon blouses. Basqued blouses and waistcoats of linen, plain or Roman striped, are the smartest sporting 58 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Hordern Brothers’

Complete Frock Service Chic Styles and Fabrics to Choose from Three styles have been chosen from world famous makers new selections. Each is with the pattern of a material in which it would look charming.

All materials are extremely low priced a whole dress would cost only a few shillings. n sending be careful to quote No’s, of material pattern, and bust measurement. All patterns available in 32in., 34in., 36in., 40in. busts.

No. 55,251, Frock. Simpl Pattern Material 2. Printed Chiffon Cotton Voile, 3 Sin. wide, with small floral pattern on white ground in fadeless shades of red, green, saxe and navy.

Usually 2/6.

Special, yard All the new Styles in “Home Fashions” Book- Whe and Requires terial 2. * \*y v A‘,» si »v/« *4/ m m * •c *2 f n \ No. 1,290 J KJ No. 55,251 Charming to make. yards Ma- 1/9. n i 3 r No. 55,718 No. 1,290. Shirtmaker Frock, with centre pleat in skirt.

Requires 4 yards of Material 1. Pattern 1/9 Material 1. Check Gingham, 36-inches wide. Standard qualities and fast colours in medium and large block checks.

Fast shades of green, blue, brown, red, pink, helio, navy, black, on white. Extremely low price, yard Had PITT AND GEORGE STREETS, SYDNEY.

No. 55,718 has centre panel and pleats. Requires yards of Material 3. Pattern 1/- Material 3. Printed Haircord in fast washing colours, in shades of blue, green, pink, brown, orange. 28in. wide. Extremely low price, yard, lljd i

Wedding At Wau

CT. AUGUSTINE’S CHURCH at Wau, New Guinea, was beautifully decorated on March 30, when Miss Ada Madeline, second daughter of Mrs. A. E. and the late Mr. Buckeridge, of Carlton, New South Wales, was married to Mr. Clifford Benjamin Austin, of Golden Ridges, Wau.

Rev, V, H. Sherwin conducted the marriage ceremony.

Mr. C. D. Beck gave the bride away and his daughter, Nance, was chief bridesmaid. Mr. F. J. Curry acted as best man.

After the ceremony a reception, with Mrs.

C. D. Beck as hostess, was held at Golden Ridges. wear. When buying linen, a good quality heavy linen is undeniably the best purchase, especially for skirts. It has many virtues, keeps its shape and —distinct advantage for tropical climes —can be worn with the absolute minimum of undies with all due modesty and decorum.

Fashion shows many delightful new shades on her colour charts. Amber is lovely, as is the very new pink called “desert rose.” Sweet pea shades are deliciously delicate, and in the cobweb chiffons, gauzy voiles, and sheer organdies are so cool, crisp and fresh-looking that we are lured to wild extravagances. Gay flowered materials have untold charm and, since it is a floral season, infinite popularity.

Flowers are worn for both day and evening—strewn in gay abandon everywhere. Necklaces of daisies, bunches of tawny chrysanthemums at waist, camelias at throat, gay little posies of old world charm peeping from low decolletages. All have a beauty that is irresistible.

White is triumphant for evening wear.

A classically cut gown of satin has its wide sleeves falling voluminously away from the wrists, its waist girdled loosely with silver cord. A robe for a vestal virgin, forsooth.

A detachable plastron of silver sequins boasts a softly falling cowl back, and is a thing of beauty on whatever frock you will.

There is witchery in the frock of misty lace in pastel shades. Light and airy as thistledown, its only touch of reality is the vivid sash and huge bow that adorns it.

Tulle and satin combined spell immediate success. Frothing black tulle goes over a foundation frock of satin. Rippling ruffles run up and down and round about the skirt, and the sash of tulle with tre- The Bridal Group.—From left to right: Mr. F. J. Curry, Mr. C. D. Beck, the Bridegroom and Bride, Mrs. C. D. Beck, and Miss N. Beck.

Photo. : S. Lewis. 59

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21,1935

GILLESPIE’S “ANCHOR”

FLOUR TRADE MARK The Standard of Quality.

The Smartest, Most Comfortable

They just button on TROUSERS No belts, no side straps See how smoothly Gripu Trousers fit. The patented and guaranteed elastic waistband sets to any required tension. One button adjusts it to your comfort. Gripus are never too tight or too slack. They are resilient, and they hold the shirt neatly down. Worn by the world’s greatest tennis and cricket stars. Gripu Trousers are ideal for sport. They are ideal, too, for tropical wear. Ask your outfitter for Gripu Trousers . . . Creams and Coloured Flannels are available.

Gripu Trousers

Gripu Trousers are one of the special Challenge lines. The Challenge range includes all men’s wear as well as Blankets, Sheets, Pillowcases and British Chief and Murralta all-purpose summer fashions. See the samples on display by our representative during his regular island trip.

Wholesale Distributors

D. & W. MURRAY, LTD., SYDNEY mendous bow, is caught on the hip with gleaming jewelled clip.

With an evening gown of crimson, huge ruffles of gathered tulle in brilliant green are slipped on just about the elbow. These ruffles are newer than sleeves, and offer tremendous scope for clever combinations.

A gold belt and gold slippers lift a black frock to dizzy heights.

Saris, Eastern-princess fashion cleverly modulated, are causing a sensation abroad.

This fascinating mode can be emulated by a cleverly arranged detachable scarf of immense width, that drapes over the head and falls in soft folds at the side.

Puffed sleeves, wide belts, bouffant skirts are in league to make waists slimmer than ever, and are very feminine in their appeal.

Charming gowns for informal evening wear, are made on shirtmaker lines, reaching to the toes, and depending on gay buttons and vivid belt or sash for their festive air.

Buttons, buckles and clips in the new composition “prystal,” a glass of delicious dullness, are a welcome change from the crystal and brilliant ornaments that have enslaved us for many seasons.

Slumber wear is more entrancing than ever. Cut on the cross and evolved in shimmering satin, nighties are scarcely distinguishable from evening gowns.

There is an ingenious new strapless brassiere on the market, guaranteed to stay up without assistance —a boon, since the off-the-shoulder mode still persists for evening wear. Its delightful twin, the pantie girdle, is a marvellous foundation garment that eliminates all unnecessary bulk and gives the sleek, svelte line that spells success to both sophistication and simplicity in modern clothes.

AFTER 15 YEARS IN COOK IS.

Mr. E. H. Townsend Returns to New Zealand From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, April 20.

T>ETURNING to Head Office after more than 15 years in Polynesia, Mr. E. H.

Townsend will leave for New Zealand with his family by the Maunganui on April 23.

Arriving in Rarotonga in 1920, he advanced rapidly through all the successive stages, from junior assistant to manager of Messrs. A. B. Donald and Co.’s main store here. He assumed the managership on the retirement of Mr. E. J. Matthews, in 1927.

Taking over at the peak of the boom, Mr. Townsend has had the difficult task of steering a large concern, built up on a tradition of prosperity and “good times,” through a period of unprecedented depression. That he accomplished this successfully merits the warmest admiration for his commercial stamina.

Cultured and artistic, his departure further impoverishes Rarotonga’s social circle. As a former president of the local tennis club and captain of the cricket team, he will be equally missed in sporting circles.

Twice married, Mr. Townsend’s present wife is a daughter of Mr. R. M. Forester, until recently manager of the Cook Island branch of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., of Auckland, N.Z. 60 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Kork-N-Seal

For All Home Bottling - The

Little Cap That Will Re-Seal

1,000 TIMES KORK-N-SEAL (Aust.) Ltd. 106 COMMONWEALTH STREET

Sydney, Australia

For Home Use

/ Applied Airtight Pressure Hand Proof For— Fresh Fruit, Vegetables, and Produce Island residents can rely on the old-established Shipping Providers.

C»» M-V v Island Representatives: Only Address: 421 Sussex St., SYDNEY All Orders Promptly Attended Nelson & Robertson W. M. Reid Wholesome and Delicious Foods Island residents can always ensure quality foods that are wholesome and delicious by ordering

Aunt Mary’S

Pure Food Products

These appetising food products are specially manufactured and packed to meet Island conditions.

Full of flavour and refreshing nourishment they appeal to the palates of all who partake.

For over thirty years the brand “Aunt Mary’s” has been a guarantee of quality to the people of the Islands.

Prepared and packed only by TILLOCK & Co. Ltd.

Pure Food Manufacturers *

Kent And Liverpool Streets

SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Ask also for ‘Defiance”

Brand Canned Goods They are supreme in ' excellence.

Prepared and packed by the proprietors of Aunt Mary’s Pure Food Products

Crafts And Hobb'Es

Correspondence Tuition in Weaving, Spinning, Basketry, Flower-making, Felt and Woollen Toys, etc. Principal: Mrs. G.

Farquharson, Kembla Building, 58 Margaret Street, Sydney, or c/o. Pacific Publications Ltd., Box 3408 R, Sydney.

Housekeeping in the Tropics Conducted by “Dorothea”

THE more one travels through the tropics, the more it is brought to notice that women damage their own good looks with well-intentioned methods.

Beginning with the top of the head: When it is found that the hair is becoming a little drab in colour and texture, does the owner say, “ I am obviously run down and in need of a tonic, or my hair could not look like this?” Does she take care of herself, massage her scalp, brush her hair, and coax it back to its healthy sheen?

Oh, no, she treats it; sometimes with peroxide, which dries up the hair till it looks like old straw, and she is then surprised that the hair will not take a wave.

There are many brightening rinses, which can be made or bought, which will not dry up the hair, so that it is foolish to use peroxide, which is well known to spoil the natural tints of the hair.

Use a good hair tonic when massaging.

A simple mixture which has been recommended can be made up by any chemist for about one shilling. It is as fallows: 4 oz. bay rum, 4 drachms jaborandi, 1 drachm glycerine, and 1 drachm castor oil.

Until the hair shows signs of recovery, shampoo it every week, but after that only once a fortnight will be sufficient. It is an excellent scheme to massage in a little warm olive oil, which should be left on for a couple of hours before wetting the hair.

And although ’tis said that ‘‘gentlemen —cannibal ones, too —prefer blondes,” take my advice and leave your hair the colour nature intended it should be.

Keeping Fit in the Tropics So many people to-day suffer from appendicitis that the following may prove helpful:

How Appendicitis Is Caused

The cause of appendicitis is easy to understand, if one consults a good anatomical chart; the position of the appendix at the lower end of the ascending colon soon causes it to become congested and inflamed when the large intestine is gorged with quantities of unsuitable food, only partly digested, and very often putrescent.

Inflammation is not caused by orangepips, grape-seeds or cherry-stones, as was popularly supposed, but merely by constant irritation, due to pressure of hardened fecal matter, often sustained in the bowels for months on end.

Those who eat quantities of fruit, nuts and fresh vegetables have no need to fear appendicitis, nor is an operation essential to cure an attack. Complete abstinence from food, warm lemon and orange drinks, and colon irrigation, to remove morbid matter, will soon terminate inflammation, but a rational diet must be followed to prevent a recurrence of the disease. Remember, then, that the appendix is an important secretory organ, and its removal will be followed by constipation, digestive troubles of various kinds and many other obscure complaints, the cause of which has hitherto been unsuspected.

In conclusion, let me emphasise this fact, that ridding oneself of the appendix does nothing towards curing the condition that made such a step necessary. An inflamed appendix, especially one congested with pus, is a sure indication that the whole digestive tract is badly affected; and, unless the system is thoroughly cleaned and regenerated, more serious complications are bound to ensue. One operation leads to another; the chronic constipation and impacted caecum which brought about appendicitis may next cause an ulcer, and from that, there is only one step to cancer.

Nature gives us due warning when all is not well with us; pain is her s.o.s. and the wise man will heed the signal and come at once to her aid. Not even the much-vaunted discoveries of the greatest

Neptune’s Greatest Gift to Man— OZO SALT —^———— The word “OZO” means the Sea. OZO SALT is made from Sterilized Sea Water of the Pacific Ocean and dried in vacuum.

“Nothing Purer On Earth.”

Ask for it in the new Patent Package. Specially designed (for the Island and Eastern Trade) to resist Moisture, Humidity and Water. CAN BE OPENED AND RESEALED WITH THE GREATEST OF EASE. ORDER A PACKET TO-DAY.

Other “OZO” Specialities are: Ozo Health Salt.

Ozo Celery Salt.

“Sea-King” Gravy Salt.

OZO SALT CO.

SYDNEY

A Clean Plantation Guaranteed

WITH B.A.C. Weed Killer Used on Malay States Rubber Plantations; approved by British Malay Rubber Institute F. 0.8. Sydney. Sold in 4 gallon tins —2 tins to a case. 4/3 per gallon (Australian Currency). In concentrated form. Agents wanted in every group Particulars from: LONE HAND SOAP CO. 554 Botany Rd., Alexandria, Sydney, Australia ■ m m m % A. E.

Matthews MANUFACTURER

Of The Famous

“MATTHEWS”

BOOTS

Specialising In

Heavy Footwear

Standard Screwed—Fair Stitch and Machine Sewn.

Wholesale Only

Enquiries from Traders Solicited Catalogues and Price Lists on application.

We specialise in Island Footwear Trade MATTHEWS JOHN ST., LEICHHARDT, N.S.W. scientists can teach man how to improve upon the human body, which the Creator made in His own image and likeness; therefore, we should strive to keep it fit and whole, in all the harmony of its natural beauty and perfection.

Tropical Fare

Honey Meringue Squares

54 cup butter 1 teaspoon baking pow- -54 cup honey der 54 cup brown sugar • 54 teaspoon salt 3 egg yolks 54 cup nut meats 154 cups Fountain S.R. flour.

Cream butter and honey and sugar. Add egg yolks and beat well. When thoroughly creamed, add sifted dry ingredients and chopped nuts.

Spread this mixture over a flat pan and on top of batter spread a meringue made as follows: 2 egg whites 1-3 cup castor sugar 1-3 cup sugar Beat egg whites, sugar and honey together until mixture holds its shape. Spread over batter, and sprinkle with shredded coconut, chopped nuts, or grated chocolate. Bake in a moderate oven for 25 minutes. Cut while warm with knife dipped in hot water.

MANGO JAM Ingredients: Three pounds mangoes, 54 pint water, sugar.

Method: Peel mangoes, cut into slices. Put into preserving pan with the water and boil to 1 hours. Measure; add one cup sugar to each cup of pulp and cook till the desired consistency when tested.

Pawpaw Jelly

Ingredients: One firm, ripe pawpaw, 1 lemon jelly crystal, little sherry, whipped cream.

Method: Dissolve the jelly crystal, flavour with the sherry. Peel the pawpaw, cut a little off one end, remove the seeds. When jelly is cool, fill the pawpaw, place on ice. When set, cut into rings, garnish with whipped cream.

Hints For Islands Housekeeping Monthly Prize of 10/6 We have established a bureau for the exchange of ideas, whereby homemakers throughout the Islands can be of mutual help to each other, and for the most helpful hint or recipe each month we offer a prize of 10/6. Address all communications to “Dorothea,” Pacific Islands Monthly, Union House, George Street, Sydney.

Shopping Bureau “Dorothea,” who conducts this column, is prepared to carry out, for Islands readers, any shopping requirements.

Simply write to “Dorothea,” c/o. “Pacific Islands Monthly,” P.O. Box 3408 R, Sydney, and state your needs. She will do her best to carry out your wishes and please you.

Recently she sent, to the order of one of our readers, delightful pottery to New Guinea, from the pottery shop in Rowe Street —-quaint tea pots, casserole dishes and jugs. Some of the goods were from the kilns of the clever Holden sisters — the name Holden being famous on the goldfields. By last mail, she had another order from the Territory from “one who had seen the lovely goods.”

To a mere man, “Dorothea” sent one of the special Virtue rainproof woven silk lumber zipp. fastener jackets. He radiod a repeat; and last week he wrote: “Gee, it’s a beauty—was offered a fiver for it.”

It Happened One Day For the most interesting and unusual item of news concerning Island happenings, not exceeding 120 words, we will give a monthly prize of 10/6. Address your entries to "Dorothea,” at the "P.1.M.” 62 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Sydney’S Sailmaker

(Rigger and General Canvas Goods Manufacturer)

Harry West

Caters for Every Class of Sail, Canvas, Rope, or Wire Equipment.

For Reliability And Value

(If it’s in Canvas, Wire, or Rope) Send your enquiries to us.

Address: Balmain, Sydney, N.S.W. ;; The most complete range of

Home Lighting Plants

ever ottered The “Nevertire” Full Automatic Plant Here is the lighting plant that THINKS!

From a small 1 0-light plant, through a wide range to 7.3 kilowatts or more. Semi-automatic, fullautomatic ; direct-coupled or belt-driven; all voltages.

LISTER Petrol or Diesel Engine drive.

The marvellous OMNISTAT” automatic engine control starts the Lister engine as soon as you switch on more than half-a-dozen lights, which are lit by the battery. The generator continues to supply current until only a few lights are in use. Then the engine stops, ready to restart automatically, as soon as another call is made for current. Simple in action, and absolutely positive. With this plant you can operate an automatic electric refrigerator on a 32 volt system and you need have no worry about the current supply it is always available, automatically.

Write for catalogues and details of prices free of Australian Customs Duty.

DANGAR, GEDYE & CO., LTD.

Malloch House, 10-14 Young Street - SYDNEY Little Islanders’ Corner Life in the Solomon Islands ATARGARET BIGNALL wins a prize of 5/ for the following: The Solomon Islands are situated about 1700 miles in a north easterly direction from Sydney, between five to ten degrees below the equator.

They are made up of eight big islands: Bougainville, Guadalcanar, Malaita, Ysabel, Choiseul, Florida or Ngela, Cape Marsh, the Shetland group and numerous atolls.

The capital, Tulagi, is on Ngela, which is situated in the centre of the group, and is the first and last port of call for the Island boat, “Malaita,” which arrives there with the mails only eight times a year.

There we find, beyond the usual government offices, the island headquarters and stores of Lever Brothers, Burns Philp & Co., and W, R. Carpenter’s. So there is quite a little township, and as everyone is fond of sport, quite a lot of golf, tennis and swimming is indulged in. On steamer nights, there is always a lively dance held either at the hotel or at the club.

On the plantations, which are scattered all over the group, the life is a little more variable, although more lonely, and at my home on Ysabel, which is 60 miles by sea from Tulagi, we have one neighbour, 5 miles away, and another 14 miles away.

Nevertheless, time seems to fly, for beyond all our home duties, which include bread and butter-making, we ride, play tennis and bumble puppy, swim both in salt and river water. We canoe, and go for long picnics in a small launch, and trawl for fish at the same time; for there are quite a number of varieties, including the king fish, pike and bonito, as well as all the numerous reef fish. Also, in the river we find whitebait, a type of river trout, and prawns, and quite often during our jaunts, we may disturb a stray crocodile sunning himself on top of the water or lying on the beach.

There are really no roads beyond those on the plantation, only native tracks which connect up the different villages.

But they afford quite pleasant walks, either in the early morning or late afternoon, which are the best parts of the day.

Between ten o’clock and three it is wiser either to stay at home, or lie in a shady spot, for the sun is very hot and penetrating.

There is no alteration in the climate at all during the year, so there is no winter.

The only difference is that six months of the year the wind is blowing from the south east and the other six months it is blowing from the nor’-west, and although the temperature averages only about 80 degrees, the humidity is very high. There is also a heavy rainfall and quite often we have from about half-an-inch to an inch in a shower; but very seldom it lasts more than an hour. After which, we have bright sunshine again.

Fame And Captain De Groot

In a recent school examination a class was asked to write a few lines about King Canute, and one boy wrote the following: “King Canute was the man who cut the ribbon on the Sydney Harbour Bridge.”

“Dad, do school teachers get paid?”

“Qf course they do, sonny,” replied father.

“Then it isn’t fair,” burst out the small boy, indignantly. “Why should the teachers get paid when we kids do all the work?”

Children resident in the Islands are invited to send in short articles and stories, and jokes, similar to the above. For the best of them, prizes will be awarded each month.

Master Clive Julian Yeomans arrived in Sydney on April 23, in excellent health, via the War Memorial Hospital, Waverley. He is the infant son of Mr. Tom Yeomans, field engineer, of Bulolo, New Guinea, and his wife, Mrs. G. E. Yeomans, of Vaucluse. Congratulations to both!

Mrs. C. R. Finney, wife of Captain Charles Robert Finney, M.C., Administrator of Norfolk Island, is at present on a five weeks’ holiday in Australia. She makes an annual journey to Sydney to visit her daughter, Maura, who is a pupil at Moss Vale Convent, and her son, who is studying at Riverview College. 63

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

Year ended March 31, 1933. 1934. £ £ £ Net profits .... 208,531 203,257 211,006 Div., 10 p.c .... 150,000 150,000 150,000 To reserve 25,000 25,000 25,000 Special depreciation, copra plantations 25,000 25,000 25,000 To staff bonus fund 20,000 — — Carried forward ... 24,826 28,083 39,089 Expenses, etc .... 429,579 427,786 459,859 Depreciation, etc. .. 74.400 104,542 121,995 Gross profits 712,511 735,586 729,841 LIABILITIES— Capital paid up .. .... 1,500,000 1,500.000 1,500,000 Reserve fund .... 925,000 950,000 975,000 Insurance reserve, etc. 496,688 516,418 517,775 Cash credits 40,828 36,167 144,626 Bills and foreign drafts 275 400 180 Open liabilities .... 1,757,466 1,474,924 1,528,105 ASSETS— Merchandise, copra, advances .... 744,950 707,867 715,427 Cash in hand .... 143,757 123,046 164,852 Property, shipping. and shares .... 2,993,444 3,060,818 3,215,210 Sundry debtors .... 825,932 739,261 783,285 The balancesheet shows expansion.

Liabilities to the public have increased by £215,420, and all assets are higher.

Cash items have increased by £41,806, merchandise by £7560, and debtors owe an additional £49,024.

Property is £ 154.392 higher.

Further expansion in the merchandise Don’t go by looks!

Even the healthiest children have this same Disease germs enter through the tissues of the throat and lungs. This is your child’s Weak Spot. Guard and protect it with SCOTT’S EMULSION. Nothing strengthens a child’s resistance more completely than SCOTT’S EMULSION.

It builds body, bone and blood. It ensures vitality. It definitely resists coughs, colds and bronchitis.

But, it must be genuine SCOTT’S Emulsion advt

Burns, Philp

Annual Profit Maintained; Strong Financial Reserves NET profit of Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., the well-known Islands merchant and shipping organisation, for the year ended March 31, 1935, was £211,006, an increase of £7749. Dividend is maintained at 10 per cent., and requires £150,000. A sum of £25,000 is to be transferred to the reserve fund, making it £1,000,000, and £25,000 to special depreciation from the company’s copra plantations. With £28,083 brought forward, there is carried forward £39,089.

Gross profits were £792,841, against £735,586 of a year previously. Administration expenses increased by £32,053, and the amount allowed for depreciation, bad debts, and losses, is £17,543 higher.

The following shows balance sheet movements in recent years: section of the company’s business resulted in a substantial increase in the volume of sales, and the earnings of this department improved. Trading in Papua and the Mandated Territory continued during most of the year to be affected seriously by the exceedingly low market for copra.

Towards the close of the year the market appreciably improved, rendering the outlook considerably brighter. The directors consider that further improvement in the market is needed to make the industry reasonably profitable to the planters. The company’s shipping interests were satisfactorily maintained.

New Guinea Goldfields

NOTES From Our Own Correspondent.

EDIE CK., April 2.

EARLY in March our much-needed Government Medical Assistant arrived in the person of Mr. S. A. P. (“Toby”) Clarke. “Toby” has been “slimming” lately, but already agrees that the mountains of Kaindi will make this quite unnecessary now. Mr. Clarke’s acquaintance with New Guinea dates back at least 12 years or more.

This is his first visit to Edie Creek. There are, as is usual in fine weather, some dysentery cases amongst the native labourers, but the outbreak is mild.

Over a dozen boys were before the court last month for theft and consumption of liquor. Before the cases are completely heard it is expected that at least a score of natives will be involved. Edie Store was the biggest victim and it is reported that over £3O worth of “grog” has already been recovered. On the goldfields the number of native “drink” cases is increasing, some say due to the lenient sentences given.

Members of the local R.S.S.I.L.A. feel very proud that their appeal to the Administrator to make Anzac Day a public holiday was successful. The motion concerning Anzac Day was passed at the Wau meeting after being dealt with by the Kaindi Committee. The celebrations are to be held in Wau. Much to the disappointment of the Diggers (who intended giving him a smoke concert) the Administrator did not visit Edie Creek on his recent tour.

N.G.G. Ltd., are almost daily adding to their staff here, and their labour line is around 600 natives. It is expected that their head office will be removed from Wau to Edie Creek within a few months, thereby considerably increasing our population and importance. Buildings about Central Camp are increasing rapidly, and the battery site is taking shape.

Our “big gun” tributor, Russ Wild, picked up a 350 z. and a 10oz. slug the other day. His washup for the day, including these slugs, was in the vicinity of 80oz. This 350 z. slug is the biggest slug (not specimen) so far found in the Edie Creek.

On March 30, Mr. and Mrs. Kingsbury gave a “Back to Childhood” dinner party at their home on the Hill to celebrate the coming of age of Mr. Darcy Walden. Like all the Kingsbury’s parties, it was a credit to the host and hostess and a great success.

Glorious English Spring weather lasted almost throughout March. The nights were very cold, almost frosty. It is certain that if the invigorating climate were more widely known, many visitors from the Coast and adjacent Islands would be drawn to this part of the Territory.

Mr. George W. Sneddon, formerly District Scout Commissioner at Suva, Fiji, was married at the Methodist Jubilee Church, Suva, to Miss Gwendolyn Mc- Donald, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. R. L.

McDonald, of Suva, on April 15. The couple sailed for their new home in Australia by the Mariposa on April 17.

Dr. C. A. Courtney, a prominent Victorian medical officer, arrived in Sydney in April to embark by the Malaita for the Santa Cruz Group, Solomon Islands.

He will be stationed at Vanikoro for the Vanikoro Kauri Timber Co. Pty., Ltd. 64 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

crt. ackoM iAe, At/iaei i& Ju*t ifm hcUWSL mJB #& v^y m Msmm TESTIMONIAL FROM N.L.N. .

CLUB HOTEL, DARWIN, iVT., dated 2/4/*35.

“i 4 /ettf fines in respect to your Wireless Sets. I myself have one of your Sets installed here in the Billiard Saloon—a 7-Valve All-Wave, and it is the only Set here in Darwin that gives results. They have various kinds of Sets here, but none of them work to satisfaction.

“/ have different people coming here listening in and all are surprised as to the result—it is absolutely the best here.”

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Address: KRIESLER A/ASIA, LTD., Myrtle, Pine & Beaumont Sts., Chippendale. ’Phone M 4391-2 AGENTS & DISTRIBUTORS IN ALL STATES. DISTRICTS STILL OPEN Sole Distributors for Queensland: KRIESLER SALES (QUEENSLAND) PTY., LTD. Rowe’s Building, 235 Edward St. f Brisbane 65

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

Island Shipping

Freight, Forwarding and Customs Service. Import and Export.

B. R. Wheeler 17-19 Bridge St., SYDNEY Correspondence Invited. Tel.: B 5396

In Cases Of Emergency Your

Home Is Incomplete Without A

Medicine Cabinet. Be Prepared!

You can purchase the highest quality surgical dressings, pharmaceutical requirements and all chemists sundries at the lowest possible prices direct from

The Victor Pharmaceutical

AGENCIES Phillip House, Phillip St., Sydney.

Orders, inquiries and quotations attended to immediately. Enclose postage for reply.

Address all mail to The Manager, Box 374955, G.P.0., Sydney FOR Pedigreed Terriers, Kelpies, Spaniels, Greyhounds, Bull Terriers, etc.

Write

Geo. F. Smith

(Judge for Many N.S.W. Dog Societies) Dealer in All Kinds of Live Animals. Zoos Supplied. 777 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

Repairs. “OUR HANDS MAKE GOOD ARMS” Firearms sent C.O.D.

“The Wonder Rifle’

There is no better Rifle made than the WALTHER. It uses 22 cal. long rifle cartridges. It is a single shot, Repeater and Automatic ALL IN ONE RIFLE. Price, £lO/10/-, postage extra.

Winchester latest 22 S.S. Rifle, model 67, 27 inch barrel. Price 45/postage extra CII nnui T (late A.1.F.) Gunsmith, Importer of High-grade Firearms and Fishing ML KUHU, Tackle Specialist. 143 ELIZABETH STREET, SYDNEY (near Market Street).

“Fishing Tackle To Tackle Fishing.”

Kelvin Marine and Stationary Engines All running parts, liable to damage, of the Kelvin Engines are enclosed, and yet a piston and connecting rod may be removed and replaced in 7 minutes.

All repairs can be carried out without removing engine from boat.

Such accessibility is essential for Island marine work.

ACCESSIBILITY Types for All Kinds of Craft All kinds of New or Second-hand Craft estimated for. Engine repairs carried out.

Catalogues And Full Particulars Direct From

G. RUTHERFORD, 46 pitt street, Sydney

South Seas Trade

Burns, Philp Annual Review Indicates Improvement “T WOULD like to draw attention to the fact that we have not a monopoly in the South Seas, as so many people seem to believe,” said Mr. James Burns, chairman of Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., at the annual meeting in Sydney on May 15. “We are open to world-wide opposition and are in direct active competition with the Dutch, French, German, and many other nationalities.

“As a consequence of the all-round improvement in trade, our Australian branches have done very well,” continued Mr. Burns, “but on the other hand the Mandated Territory and Papua have not been prosperous, except where there has been unusual activity in regard to mining, which certainly has saved the situation in that quarter. In Java a normal year has been experienced, but our interests in the United States have been affected by the depression there. There has been an improvement in the price of copra. The company owns many plantations, and at the prices ruling for copra last year these were more of a liability than an asset; hence the board considered it necessary to write down £25,000 per annum, and it will be advisable to allocate another £25,000 next year if sufficient profits are available, to* make a total write-down of £lOO,OOO. which should bring these estimates well within the market value with copra at £l2 per ton.”

Mr. Burns said that during the year the company bought two motor vessels: from the North German Lloyd. When it was announced that the two vessels wereto be placed by the German company in the trade between Australia and the Mandated Territory, Burns Philp and Company had made unsuccessful attempts to secure the reimposition of the Navigation Act by the Federal Government. As the vessels were offered to thecompany, and as another unit was. needed for the Singapore trade, the directors considered it the best policy to> purchase, conditionally upon receiving a certain amount of immunity from competition for a number of years. The Neptuna was to be retained in the trade in which her German owners originally intended her to run, from Australia to* Hong Kong. It was anticipated that a loss would be made on this trade, but the service would be of convenience to* the people in the Mandated Territory. ‘‘During the year,” continued Mr. Burns, “the Queensland Insurance Company increased its share capital by giving one share for every two. As the company owns approximately a half interest in the Queensland Insurance Company, this* has considerably augmented our shareholding, but it is not anticipated that the total amount of dividend received! from the insurance company will be increased.

“The outlook for the ensuing year as regards copra is considerably brighter,’” he concluded, “but, of course, everything will depend upon whether the improvement in the market can be maintained.

On the whole, the year has turned out fairly satisfactorily, the largely increased sales being the chief cause of contentment.”—“S.M. Herald” report.

Placer Company To Hand

OPTIONS OVER TO B.D.G.

AN arrangement has been entered into* between Placer Development, Ltd., and Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd., by which it is agreed that the Placer Company will discontinue prospecting in New Guinea: and Papua.

The Bulolo Company will follow up, for joint equal account and benefit to both companies, any future opportunities in those territories, except that properties, contiguous to the Bulolo Co.’s present holdings will be for that company’s account only.

The present options held by the Placer Co. in New Guinea will be taken over by the Bulolo Co. for cash consideration equal to the total expenditure incurred by the Placer Co. Should any of these options be exercised, Bulolo Gold Dredging Co. will recompense the Placer Co. at a price agreed upon between both companies. 66 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Introduced in the Pacific Islands only a few months ago, the reports already received on the new Hormone Preparation TITON show quite conclusively its great efficacy in tropical countries. Following a few extracts from reports; . . . feeling better in every way, . . . not nearly so irritable as I used to be. . . . noticed a remarkable difference in myself generally. . . . seems much easier now to pick up after fever attacks. ... no one living in the tropics should be without it. . . . and what’s more it gives new brain activity. . . . tried one bottle so far and found it very good in my case. . . . wonder what I will feel like after the “full” treatment. . . . feel lots clearer in the head as regards mental ability. . . . ordering two more treatments for “run down” friends of mine. ... am so grateful that I am telling everybody about it. . . . tried lots of things but nothing equal in efficacy.

When living under awkward climatic conditions and desirous ot maintaining health and to keep fit, mentally and physically, it is advisable to build up your system and body by means of this new and remarkable tonic and restorative that provides the proper nourishment in the form of hormones, the latest scientific discovery. Absolutely harmless to take, yet wonderfully effective and will make a remarkable difference to your future health and comfort.

Titon Hormone Preparation No. 24 for men and No. 20 for women at 30/- per full treatment of three bottles. Send cheque or postal notes direct to Titon Laboratories, Box 1304J, G.P.O., Sydney, or to the Island agent, Alfred Stoffer, 16-20 Bridge Street, Sydney, N.S.W., and a treatment will be forwarded by return mail, post free and under plain wrapper, together with interesting literature on this latest scientific discovery.

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NEW BOOKS A Story of the Philippines JEWELLERS in the South Seas should know far more of the Philippine Islands, because it is clear that many of the South Pacific peoples, ethnographically and culturally, have a common origin with certain of the Filipinos. For that reason alone, Pacific Islands people should read “The Half Way Sun,” a new book by Mr. T. Inglis Moore, a well-known Sydney journalist.

It is the life-story of Kalatong, a man of one of the pagan tribes of Luzon, and it is told with remarkable literary and dramatic skill. It is, for the most part, a true story; and, as Mr. Moore lived in the Philippines for many years, and has obviously taken great pains to be accurate in both his history and his anthropology, we should describe “The Half Way Sun” as one of the most valuable contributions made to Pacific literature for many a long day. It is interesting to know that much of the book was written while the author was actually living in Kalatong’s villages. The local colour is right.

Withal, it is a quick-moving story of adventure, eminently readable, and of high literary merit. It deserves a far wider public than is available in Australia.

It should be popular in America, for it pays a fine tribute to American administration in the Philippines.

The Half Way Sun, by T. Inglis Moore. Our copy from the publishers, Angus and Robertson, Ltd., Sydney. Price, 6/-.

Father McHardy’s Simple Story r I ’’HERE comes to hand from the Roman Catholic Missionary organisation a volume that is wrapped in tragedy— “ Blazing the Trail in the Solomons,” by Rev. Father Emmet McHardy.

Father McHardy is dead. He was born in New Zealand in 1904, and was ordained only six years ago. He went as a missionary to Tunuru, near Kieta, Bougainville, in the Northern Solomon Islands, and he worked on this new station in a kind of fury of devotion, never sparing himself so long as there was work to do.

He arrived in Kieta in 1929, and he left, desperately ill, in April 1932; and a year later he was dead. During his term in Bougainville he wrote many letters to his relations and friends; and those letters are now collected and published. Thus we get a book that is a vivid human document, and should be read by everyone interested in mission work in the South Seas.

The letters were not written for publication —and so they are the more valuable.

They disclose, with terrible clarity, the task that is undertaken in these malarial Islands by conscientious missionaries — the struggle to get the station established, the fight against dirt and superstition and loathesome disease, the fearful isolation and loneliness, and the ever-present threat of deadly fever. Every man who reads this martyred priest’s letters, with their staunch courage and quaint humour, will take off his hat to the missionaries.

Blazing the Trail in the Solomons, by Emmet McHardy, S.M. Edited by Eileen Duggan. Our copy from the distributors, E. J. Dwyer, 711 George St., Sydney. Price, 4/6.

Another by Idriess HAVING produced a whole series of Australian best-sellers, Mr. lon L. fitness went off on a lonely journey into the far west of Australia, and his friends decided that he would now take the rest that he had so well earned. But it was not to be. Idriess never rests. When St. Peter answers the Idriess ring at the Pearly Gates he will find the Australian author propped up against one of the gate posts, scribbling industriously with a pencil in one hand, while with the other hand he will be keeping his long, grey beard off his pad of dogseared writing paper. From which it may be deduced that this reviewer has seen Idriess at work.

Mr. Idriess had not been back from the north-west more than five weeks before there appeared another of his eminently readable books —“Man Tracks,’’ being a collection of stories and articles describing the work of the police who patrol that enormous area. In this book Idriess describes, in his own inimitable way, the artful cleverness of the outback police in discovering European criminals and in tracking down the blacks who transgress the white man’s law. The book is a fascinating mixture of detective exploits, description of wild and unknown country, adventures with untamed blacks, and studies of native life 67

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

Mining And Assay

MATERIAL BALANCES, CRUSHERS. FURNACES, CRUCIBLES, FLUXES, ETC.

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Producers and sellers of Gold BUII I OH may feel assured that there are advantages in dealing with a well-established and widely-organised Company.

THE ELECTROLYTIC REFINING & SMELTING COMPANY OF AUSTRALIA LIMITED is equipped to provide those advantages in the highest degree possible combined with faithful service.

Its facilities for receiving and handling bullion are convenient and safe. Its assaying and refining are In the hands of highly qualified technicians. Its markets are world-wide, ensuring the best prices being paid.

For example the RCCOI*d Pl*iCG of gold in Australia was established by this Company on 6th March, 1935, when payment was made to its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine oz.

SELLERS IN NEW GUINEA, NEW ZEALAND, PACIFIC ISLANDS, and elsewhere outside Australia should consign their materials to the Company’s Sydney Office.

PROCEEDS FOR NEW GUINEA AND NEIGHBOURING CENTRES are forwarded by the outgoing mail of the same vessel which brings the bullion except in very unusual circumstances. Prompt settlement is a feature of the Company’s service.

Gold M iners S Instruct your Bankers or your Forwarding Agents to deposit your bullion with: THE ELECTROLYTIC REFINING & SMELTING CO.

Of Australia Limited

Melbourne: Works: Sydney: Collins House. Port Kembla, N.S.W. 25 O’Connell Street.

PURCHASERS AND REFINERS OF GOLD, SILVER, COPPER IN ANY FORM BANKERS:—The English, Scottish & Australian Bank Ltd. and customs. Its outstanding feature is its account of how black trackers work — something that is rather beyond the ken of ordinary civilised folk. The book itself is a fine and well-deserved tribute to the police of the north-west. But, above all, it is an eminently readable Idriess book.

Mein Tracks, by lon L. Idriess. Our copy from the publishers, Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney.

Price 6/-.

Franklin Changes Hands

AGAIN IT is announced in the Sydney newspapers that “one of the most picturesque craft in Port Phillip,” the steam yacht “Adele,” has been sold to a member of' the Sydney Yacht Squadron.

This vessel will be remembered, without tenderness or enthusiasm, as the Franklin, which was for some years the official patrol vessel in New Guinea, with headquarters at Rabaul. She was not an attractive craft —she literally ate fuel, and many officials of the New Guinea Public Service can still work up a fine exhibition of hatred when they recollect their experiences on the Franklin in a dirty sea.

The vessel was built in Scotland in 1906 as a single-screw steam yacht, and soon afterwards she became a tender in the Royal Australian Navy. She was in the New Guinea service from about 1921 until 1933.

Mr. T. W. Upson, Warrant Officer in the New Guinea Police Force, arrived in Sydney with his wife by the Montoro, on April 1, on four months’ leave.

Pacific Mining Activity In Papua LAKEKAMU GOLDFIELDS (PAPUA) N.L.

Lakekamu Goldfields (Papua) Development N.L., on the recommendation of the field staff, has made application for a further dredging claim five miles long by seven chains wide, adjoining the Twisty areas. In addition, application has been lodged for dredging claims totalling 4430 acres, enclosing, but not including, the leases held by the company, known as the Tiveri main leases, situated approximately 12 miles from the Twisty areas.

Mr. R. A. Clinton, the company’s manager, states that the average value disclosed in six scout bores put down on a section of lease 20 of the Twisty areas is 3/9 a yard, based on gold at 85/- sterling an ounce. The average depth of the wash is 44ft.

At the Tiveri main lease, boring will commence immediately. The Tiveri main leases are about 12 miles from the Twisty areas. A prospecting party is leaving by aeroplane to deal with certain other properties mentioned in the prospectus of the company. These areas are about 70 miles from the Tiveri leases.

MISIMA GOLD REEFS fc.L.

Early in May, Oroville Dredging Co., Ltd., of London, lodged with the management of Misima Gold Reefs (New Guinea) N.L. the first deposit payment, in accordance with the recently-signed agreement. Mr. H. R. Lockwood, legal manager of Misima Gold Reefs, advises that latest reports received from the field at Misima Is., Papua, warrant the directors to believe that the company has a valuable property. The London company received the directors’ sanction to have the option of underwriting a no liability company of not less than £lOO,OOO in Melbourne.

In New Guinea NEW TERRITORY (N.G.) N.L.

A satisfactory option has been obtained by the representative of New Territory (New Guinea) N.L. in New Guinea, of over 1000 acres of dredging land in the Wewak district, New Guinea. Arrangements have been made for a drilling engineer to test the property by boring.

BAROLA GOLD REEFS N.L.

The mine manager of Barola Gold Reefs N.L. reports from Salamaua that he has obtained native labour and equipment. He is beginning the opening up and testing of the gold-bearing lode on the lease held under option at Ramu, New Guinea, from the surface of which lode the company’s representatives, prior to obtaining the option, obtained a sample which on analysis in Melbourne showed a value of 2oz. 3dwt. a ton.

Equatorial Gold Syndicate’S Option

Over Sulphur Deposits

Equatorial Gold Exploration (New Guinea and New Britain) Syndicate N.L., has obtained a favourable option over a sulphur deposit on Lolobau Island, in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. The lease, the management reports, covers an extinct crater, and comprises 122)4 acres at 3000 feet above sea level, and it is within two miles of perfect deep-water anchorage. Samples analysed in Melbourne for the company showed the quality to be excellent, averaging 97.41 pure sulphur. without any silenium, and only a trace of arsenic, averaging 0.0017. The company’s representatives who inspected the property reported that the quantity appears extensive, and arrangements are being undertaken to determine authoritatively the amount available. Should the latter prove extensive the acquisition of the lease would be valuable, as the Australian consumption of sulphur amounts to about 70,000 tons per annum, and at present is imported from foreign countries. The price is about £5/5/- a ton.

Waria River Property

A strong financial group in Melbourne is investigating a property on the Waria River in the Morobe district of New Guinea, with a view to a floatation. The property which is held by a German syndicate, embraces a particularly large lowgrade hydraulic sluicing proposition.

Madang Gold Syndicate

Madang Gold Syndicate N.L. has received a message from New Guinea stating that the com- 68 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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pany’s representatJve arrived at Madang and has now left for the interior. His intention is to investigate areas known to the company and believed to contain high gold and platinum values.

It is understood that he will complete the first part of his journey by launch.

GOLDEN TERRACES (N.G.) N.L.

An option has been obtained by Golden Terraces (New Guinea) N.L. over an adjoining property of approximately 30 acres. Mr. A. F. H. Davis left for New Guinea by the Neptuna on April 20 to complete arrangements for taking over the area.

DAY DAWN (N.G.) LTD.

For two months ended April 30, Day Dawn (New Guinea) Ltd., crushed 1196 tons of ore for a yield of 7250 z. of bullion. Developments since the report issued in February have in all cases proved values unpayable. The reef recently discovered on Snake Creek reported as 3oz, silver 3ft. wide has cut out, as the body was not in place.

Ramu Gold Syndicate

The representative of Ramu (New Guinea) Gold Syndicate N.L. has cabled the legal manager (Mr.

L. E. Stringer, of Melbourne), that Mr. J. M.

Spence is proceeding with the testing of the area under option to the syndicate. Mr. Spence has been held up owing to floods, but results to date are satisfactory.

Mt. Lawson Syndicate’S Dredging

CLAIM Mt. Lawson Prospecting and Option Syndicate N.L. has obtained an option over an amalgamated dredging claim in New Guinea known as the Irowat, comprising the dredging claims No. 295, known as Iroa, Half Circle and Pretty Valley.

The area contains approximately 250 acres. Testing for values will be commenced immediately, under the supervision of Messrs. Spence and Smith, mining engineers, New Guinea.

SUNSHINE GOLD DEVELOPMENT LTD.

The first shipment of pipes and material for jet elevators will be made by Sunshine Gold Development Ltd., in June and the balance in July.

The general manager reports that good progress has been made with the construction of the race, and the directors have tentatively fixed October 14 as the date when production might commence on the Consolidated claims.

Day Dawn South Directorate

At an extraordinary meeting of Day Dawn South (New Guinea) N.L., on April 30, held for the purpose of electing two directors in the place of Messrs. C. H. Willmott and W. G. Digby, who had resigned, Messrs. W. H. Chappie and E. D.

Aboud were appointed to the board. These directors will hold office until the annual meeting, which is to be held shortly, when a motion for confirmation will be submitted.

SHEBA MINING OPTIONS LTD.

Sheba Mining Options, Ltd., with a nominal capital of £20,000, in shares of £1 each, has been registered in Canberra, to take over certain rights and liabilities from Sheba Options, no liability, and to carry out mining in New Guinea and elsewhere. Signatories: H. B. Jamieson, J. M.

Ryan, S. W. Griffith, S, G. Hyde, T. A. Billerwell, Y. R. Andrew, and S. H. Carroll.

UPPER WATUT ALLUVIALS’ HYDRO-

Electric Power Scheme

The final survey for the hydro-electric power scheme to be installed by Upper Watut Gold Alluvials N.L. on the Big Slate Creek, New Guinea, has been completed. The company’s surveyor has arrived in Melbourne with the field information. Plans for the offtake weir, race line, forebay, pressure pipe line and power house are in course of preparation to the designs of the managing director, Mr. D. J. McClelland. It is expected that a commencement will be made with construction work in about six weeks.

WATUT OPTIONS N.L.

At the preliminary meeting of shareholders m Watut Options N.L. the chairman (Mr. J. W.

Patchett) announced that satisfactory reports had been received from the solicitor (Mr. A. H. Davis), who is at present at Wau, New Guinea, completing the options, on behalf of the company. Options have been completed to acquire rights over two dredging and sluicing areas on the Lower and Upper Watut Rivers, Morobe district, New Guinea, consisting of approximately eleven miles of country. Preliminary investigation of the properties by the company’s engineer indicates good values.

Arrangements have been made with Mr. J. M.

Spence, mining engineer, to report on the areas.

Messrs. J. W. Patchett, R. B. Anderson, and A.

R. Dodson were appointed directors. The legal manager is Mr. H. S. Archdall, Temple-court, Collins Street, Melbourne.

New Morobe Gold N.L. Formed

Directors of New Territory (New Guinea) N.L. and Morobe (New Guinea) Gold Options N.L. have agreed to amalgamate and to form a new company, to be known as New Morobe Gold N.L. to take over the assets and liabilities of the two companies. Nominal capital will be £30,000 in 30,000 shares of £1 each, of which 10,000 shares, fully paid to £l, are to be issued to shareholders of New Territory (New Guinea) N.L. in the proportion of ten £1 shares for each one £lO share held, 14,000 shares, fully paid to £l, are to be issued to shareholders of Morobe (New Guinea) Gold Options N.L., in the proportion of twenty £1 shares for each one £lO share held, and 6000 shares are to be held in reserve.

The interests of both companies are more or less synonymous. Definite options have been obtained over properties in New Guinea known as the Ornapinka and Wewak. Regarding the Ornapinka option, the company’s representative has reported by radiogram received recently:— “Testing engineer Ornapinka completed 20 pits on lower flats for 2/7 a yard, based on gold at £4 an oz. Weights rechecked by me.’’ Drilling equipment has been sent for testing the Wewak area of 1000 acres, over which an option has been secured for twelve months. Calls in both companies have been made in order that all shares should be fully paid up and to provide ample funds to test existing options, and for the acquisition of further properties which are under consideration. The directors are Messrs. E. A.

Wisdom, W. H. Smith, T. R. Victor, R. Blakemore, and A. D. Douglas. The legal manager is Mr. R. W. Stringer, 422 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria.

Enterprise Of N. Guinea

Having purchased an hydraulic sluicing plant in New Guinea, recommended by Mr. W. F. McKenzie, hydraulic engineer, Enterprise of New Guinea N.L. will install and put it into operation immediately on the area on the Upper Watut, recommended by Mr. McKenzie.

Shareholders of the company at an extraordinary meeting at the end of April decided to divide the capital of £22,500, in 2250 shares of £lO each, to 22,500 shares of £1 each.

At the annual meeting the chairman of directors Mr. E. Ward said additional capital would be required in the near future, and it was proposed to offer shareholders a fair proportion of the reserve shares. At present a credit balance of £5200 was in hand. The original objects of the company were to obtain certain areas under the extended mining ordinance. Unfortunately, the ordinance was not dealt with by the Government at the time expected, and had to be deferred from time to time, until in January the Government passed it. Even then it had to be gazetted and the signature of the authorities obtained before proclamation.

The company had taken up some 5000 acres of country, portion being for sluicing purposes, and 3500 acres for lode mining. The Oriabanda areas were regarded as the best obtained to date. The company’s prospector, Mr. W. Cash, intended starting sluicing on the areas, and when operations were in full swing it was expected that sufficient gold would be won to meet the expenses of prospecting the reef areas. Regarding the Surprise Creek areas, it was estimated they could 69

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1933

Feb- Mar. April.

Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 Dredges— Cubic yards 820,000 919,000 892,000 Bullion, oz 14,417 16,601 15,357 Gold, fine oz 10,022 11,521 10,540 VALUE- Aust. currency .. *£85,187 t£102,248 t£93,542 per cubic yard .... /24.94 /26.70 /25.17 Working profit £58,318 £73,529 £65,257 * At £A8/10/- per fine ounce, t At £A8/17/6 per fine ounce.

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G. FLETCHER & SON 50 Oxford Street, Sydney be equipped for £3500. The policy would be to initiate a plan of progress on blocks 11, 12, and 13 of the Surprise Creek areas, also on the Oriabanda property, and to prospect the larger area above Surprise Creek, which showed indications of being a valuable property for lode development.

In addition, an important work would be to acquire areas under the new ordinance.

The meeting favoured a proposal that the number of directors should be increased from three to five, and that the remuneration of each member of the board be £lOO a year. Mr. Donald Reid, of Melbourne, has accepted a seat on the board of directors.

ORIOMO EXPLORATIONS LTD.

An extraordinary meeting of shareholders of Oriomo Explorations Ltd. in Sydney during April decided to increase the capital from £24,000 to £lOO,OOO by the creation of an additional 304,000 shares of 5/- each. The issue is to be made whenever it may appear to the directors to be warranted. Adressing shareholders, Mr. E. L.

Walters said that a six-months’ option had been obtained on favourable terms of an area of 140 acres of terraces, gravels, and alluvial flats on both sides of the Bulolo River, New Guinea, for about 62 chains. Nine pits completed on the terraces disclosed an average value of 70d a cubic yd., with gold at £6 an oz sterling, average depth being 33ft. Preliminary information was to the effect that there were valuable terraces from which gold of a high quality was being recovered to a depth of 4 feet. Mr. S. N. McLean had investigated the areas, and would endeavour to obtain improved terms from the vendors.

ORIOMO OIL LTD.

The directors of Oriomo Oil Ltd., in a circular to shareholders, state that by reason of its shareholding the company is entitled to apply for 41,520 shares of 5/- each at par in the new issue in Oriomo Explorations Ltd. They have decided to give shareholders the right to apply direct for one share in the new issue for every four shares held in Oriomo Oil Ltd.

Bulolo Dredge Production

Production of the four dredges of the Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. for April compares with that of the previous two periods as follows; In Fiji NASIVI (FIJI) SYNDICATE N.L.

Advice has been received from the representative of Nasivi (Fiji) Syndicate N.L., in Fiji, indicating that be has secured an option over a promising property. The lode where opened up shows an average width of 10 to 12 feet. Pan samping over 250 feet along the lode has given satisfactory values. In addition to the above, negotiations are proceeding for another property.

The company’s engineer and geologist recently left Sydney for Fiji and will carry out a geological survey and assays are all ore, and also direct the prospecting policy of the syndicate on the property under option.

LOLOMA WEST LTD.

Advice has been received by the management of Loloma West Ltd. that the Hon. H. Ragg, of Suva, has been nominated as director of the company in Fiji, and that 200 shares reserved for Fiji applications have been subscribed. The company has been granted prospecting rights, and the field representative is now on the properties.

The Co. has acquired options over 500 acres of land at Drumasi, on the eastern Tavua gold field, on which developments show three gold-bearing lodes and 500 acres at Momi Bay. Additional miners are being sent to Fiji to supervise development work.

Mr. A. J. Phillips, manager in Melbourne of Loloma West Ltd., has received a copy of a new agreement made between Messrs. R. H. Roskelly and C. F. Michell, varying the terms of option to purchase prospecting licence No. 221, Tavua, Fiji.

The old purchase price of £7OOO cash has been reduced to £IOOO cash, but 5 per cent, fully paid shares in any company formed has been substituted as compensation for the reduced cash.

Sukulaki Gold Development

Sukulaki Gold Development N.L. has been formed to acquire an option over an application for a prospecting licence, No. M.B. 42/34, on the Tavua field, Fiji, known as the Sukulaki area, c®vering approximately 494 acres, and to systematically test and prospect the area. The area is approximately two miles due east of the Emperor lease.

Only a small portion of the area has so far been prospected, but from loaming payable gold has been obtained. The area embraces the andesite formation, in which the payable gold-bearing lodes on the Tavua field are found. Large outcrops of quartz occur adjacent to the payable learnings.

In one trench a reef has been opened up, disclosing 13 dwt. values. The area has been examined by an expert, and recommended as a property worthy of vigorous development. Capital is £30,000, in 3000 shares of £lO each, of which 2000 shares paid up to £2 (application and allotment) have been underwritten by Messrs.

Wallace H. Smith and Co., of Melbourne, and Messrs. C. H. Smith and McCaghern, of Sydney.

The directors are Messrs. W. H. Smith, H. C.

Tucker and R. B. Randell. The legal manager is Mr. H. Smith, 360 Collins Street, Melbourne.

ALOHA CENTRAL G.M.

The following party left Sydney on May 1 by the Mariposa for Fiji on behalf of Aloha Central Gold Mines N.L.: Dr. Loftus Hill, who has been retained to advise and report upon the work to be done on the company’s property at Tavua; Mr. G. Baker (mine manager), Mr. P. H. Philippe (assayer), Mr. J. T. Rowe (foreman), and three working miners. Mr. G. Baker had been for 28 years on the west coast of Tasmania, as underground manager of the Hercules and Rosebery 70

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21, 1935

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•mines for Electrolytic Zinc Co. of Aust. Ltd. He was for six years connected with Kauri Freehold •Gold Estates, New Zealand, one of his workmen on this occasion being Mr. Borthwick, who is •credited as being the discoverer of the Tavua field.

It is announced that the company has secured an option over 348 acres, covered by Prospecting Licence No. 216 issued to W. B. Ragg, at Tavua, Fiji. This property will be prospected vigorously, jointly with the 30-acre block over which an-option has been acquired from Mr, P. Costello.

Loloma Gold Mines

The management of Loloma Gold Mines N.L., Tavua, Fiji, has been advised by Mr. T. R.

Victor, mining engineer, and a director of the company, that he check sampled the lode in No. 1 shaft from 15 to 20 feet and assays made in Sydney gave an average return of 16oz. 12 dwt.

The average of the samples taken by Mr. Victor and the mine manager is therefore 28oz. 6 dwt. a ton. Tellurides are showing freely in the ore, which is almost wholly sulphide. Mr. Victor also check sampled the lode in No. 2 shaft from 15 to 20 feet, and his assays returned 6oz. a ton. Ore in this shaft is about one-half sulphide. The lode in both No. 1 and No. 2 shafts has gone into the footwall, and shafts have now been turned on to the underlay.

The Co. later reported the following assay results: Sixty tons of ore stacked at creek, partly from outcrop, south side of creek, where adit is commenced, but mainly from loose ore taken by mine manager from bed of creek. Three samples taken by mine manager averaged 12oz. a ton; hanging wall section, No. 1 shaft, 17 feet from surface, 5 feet width, assay 58 oz. a ton; No. 2 shaft, 22 feet deep, hanging wall section, 5 feet width, 9y 2 oz. a ton; 2 feet on footwall, 2oz. a ton; and boulders in creek, 300 feet upstream from outcrop, assay l / 2 oz. a ton. No. 3 shaft, at 36 feet, is not yet in the lode.

ALOHA ALLUVIALS N.L.

Directors of Aloha Alluvials N.L. have engaged Mr. E. T. Lewis to go to Fiji and test thoroughly by boring, pitting, or otherwise the extensive alluvial areas on the upper and lower Waimanu River and Waidamu River, over which rights are held by Aloha Syndicate G.M. N.L. Mr. Lewis has been instructed to engage in Australia competent men as assistants to accompany him and to obtain plant and equipment to take with him.

The party will leave for Fiji on May 25.

An inquiry having been made to Mr. H. Richmond, acting legal adviser of Aloha Syndicate G.M, N.L. relative to an area of 2000 acres on the Upper Waimanu River, Viti Levu, reported to have been pegged by Mr. Borthwick, a cablegram on the subject was sent to the legal manager (Mr.

F. M. Gilder), who is in Fiji. Mr. Gilder replied that the inquiry undoubtedly referred to areas pegged out in the hill country above the head of the Upper Waimanu River. This did not infringe in any way on the rights of the company. The chairman of the mining board had informed him that no application had yet been lodged for the areas. The rights of the company on both rivers were for the alluvial deposits only, and did not cover reefs or lode formations. It was understood the 2000 acre area was for reefs and/or lodes. The members of the prospecting syndicate were Messrs. Borthwick, Blair, and Lawler. Mr. Borthwick had returned to Suva on May 7, but the remaining members would not return until later.

Fiji Mining Corporation

Mr. W. J. Nicol, engineer to Fiji Mining Corporation N.L. advises that he has pegged and applied for a prospecting licence over a promising area at Yako, about four miles north-east of Momi, on the west coast of Viti Levu Island. The application is receiving the consideration of the mining board. Mr. Nicol states this district is the best he has yet inspected. Arrangements have also been made to prospect vigorously P.L. No. 214, over which the company holds an option.

EAST REEFS (BENDIGO) Nl.

Dr. A. E. Ffrost, chairman of directors of East Reefs (Bendigo) N.L., has returned from Fiji, and advises that Mr. V. Terry has applied for a prospector’s licence over 500 acres. An assay of the outcrop showed 10 dwt. Mr. T. J. Rogers Intends to apply for a similar area adjoining Terry’s application. The company has also secured an option over a property having a lode which assayed 18 dwt. a ton. This property is being resampled for check assay.

FIJI PROSPECTING CO.

The management of Fiji Prospecting Co. N.L. announces that it has secured, on favourable terms, a nine months’ working option of purchase over a property in the Korolevu Bay district of Fiji, which was reported upon by Mr. A. G.

Campbell.

Rewa Prospecting Syndicate

Work carried out by Rewa Prospecting Syndicate N.L. on the prospecting rights area in the Tavua district, Fiji, disclose several ore bodies carrying gold. Five of these ore bodies, heavily mineralised and up to 6 feet wide, traverse the area. Expert opinion, the management reports, is that they bear a striking similarity to the Koroere formation. 71

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Mav 21. 1935

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Name Address PI-5 GOLD MINES OF FIJI N.L.

Gold Mines of Fiji N.L. has been formed in Victoria to send a mining engineer to Fiji, to prospect and work options obtained by the company. These options include the Emperor North area, adjoining the Emperor and Loloma leases, and six other areas in the Tavua gold field.

Capital is £30,000, in 3000 shares of £lO each. Two thousand shares are being issued at £5 each. The legal manager is Mr. J. D. Morrison, Bank House, Bank Place, Melbourne.

At the preliminary meeting of shareholders held early in May Messrs. D. J. McClelland, G. R.

Clarke, D. Reid, A. Bowler, S. Wright-Smith, and F. V. Smith were appointed directors. A nominee of Sir Henry Scott in Fiji is also to be appointed to the Board. Shareholders were informed that the directors had been unofficially advised that the application of Mr. J. C. Flemon for the Emperor North lease, over which an option is held, would be granted. Vigorous prospecting was in progress on other leases in which the company was interested.

Later Mr. H. V. Francis, engineer, and Mr. A.

Bowler, a provisional director, sailed for Suva by the Mariposa. They went on to the field to examine Mr. Goodsir’s block and reported that it shows considerable quantities of lode matter. Examination of the Flemon block and the Emperor lease, which it adjoins, indicates that it is practically certain that the Emperor lode traverses Flemon’s block.

KASI DEVELOPMENT LTD.

Kasi Development Ltd. has been registered in Sydney with a nominal capital of £30,000, in 120,000 shares of 5/- each. The objects of the company are to acquire goldmines in the Yanawai district, Fiji, and the prospecting licences held by Mount Kasi Mines Ltd. First directors: D. W. Robertson, H. M. Peacock, H. H. McNail, and G. Mitchell. Registered office: Suva, Fiji. New South Wales agent; R. V. Frazer, c/o. Craig and Frazer, 115 Pitt Street, Sydney, TAVUA GOLD DEVELOPMENTS LTD.

One of the syndicates which was “in early” on the Tavua field, Fiji, Tavua Gold Options Ltd,, has now been floated into a bigger company, Tavua Gold Developments Ltd., with a nominal capital of £lOO,OOO, divided into 400,000 shares of 5/- each. 180,000 shares were being offered to the public early in May. 80,000 are to be allotted to Tavua Gold Options Ltd.; 8,000 shares go to the Australian Mining Trust Ltd.; 8,000 shares ta Mineral Developments Ltd.; while 4,000 fully paid shares, as vendor’s consideration, are to go to the vendor (presumably Tavua Gold Options Ltd.).

The Australian Mining Trust and Mineral Developments Ltd. are each to have an option for two years over 30,000 shares at a premium of 2/6 per share, and 60,000 are to be held in reserve. The provisional directors of the new company are Sir Charles Marr (Sydney), Sir Henry Scott (Suva), Mr. H. E. Sizer (Melbourne), Mr. E. G. Banks (Melbourne), Mr. W. R. Carpenter (Sydney), Dr.

H. R. R Grieve (Sydney), and Mr. H. J. Napthali (Sydney).

RAY PARER Returns to New Guinea AFTER being absent from New Guinea for over nine months, Mr. Raymond Parer, famous Australian aviator who has been conducting an aerial freighting service in the Mandated Territory since 1926, has returned to the Morobe goldfields.

With Mr. Geoffrey Hemsworth, also of New Guinea he went to England during the latter part of last year to take part in the London-Melbourne Air Race.

Leaving Mildenhall on October 20 in a Fairey Fox ’plane they met with many hazardous adventures, eventually being compelled to withdraw from the big race.

They jogged along by easy stages to Australia, reaching Melbourne on February X 3.

Mr. Parer spent a month’s holiday in Sydney, and on March 30 left Mascot ’drome for Brisbane, Queensland. He was compelled to remain in hospital at Brisbane for a week, suffering from tetanus due to a scratch. Later, he went on to Cap© York to inspect the landing ground prepared there some time ago by Mr.

Vidgen, Jun., of Thursday Island, for Pilot Marshall.

He remained several weeks at Cape York, investigating possible sites for an aerodrome. Then, so typical of Ray Parer, he left unostentatiously for New Guinea with Mr. J. Thompson as passenger, in a ’plane owned by Mr. Davies, who recently joined P.A.T. Co.’s staff. Flying high, he passed over Thursday Island on April 20, went on to Port Moresby, Papua, and thence across to the New Guinea goldfields.

Mr. Parer plans to return to Australia by the first available steamer to fly his own machine back to New Guinea.

Mr. Geoffrey Hemsworth, his companion on the flight from England, had already returned to the Mandated Territory by the Macdhui on March 14, to take up duties again with Pacific Aerial Transport Ltd., on the Morobe field.

Rabaul Protest at Removal of Magistrate NEARLY all the non-offlcial citizens of Rabaul, New Guinea, have signed a petition and presented it to the Administrator, asking for the retention as magistrate of the District Court of District Officer Waugh, whom it has been proposed to transfer to an out-station, Madang. His efficiency in dealing with native cases is considered irreplaceable. 72 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

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“Cash on Delivery Post”: Sydney Prices in danger of being raided; and that an enormous mass of gold and silver articles was placed for safe keeping upon a British vessel called the Mary Dier, under the command of Captain Thompson, in the belief that the English reputation for fair-dealing and honesty could always be trusted. The Mary Dier sailed away with the treasure; but the temptation was too much for Captain Thompson, and he and his men one night seized their passengers and murdered them; and the Mary Dier was eventually taken to Cocos Island, where 12 boat-loads of gold and silver were taken ashore and buried. It w r as estimated that the Mary Dier treasure wmrth between £7,000,000 and £8,000,000.

Admiral Chambers has stated, in most emphatic manner, that he has devoted much time and industry to the investigation of this story and he is convinced that it is completely a myth. He says that this “horrible act of piracy” is unknown at the Peruvian Legation: it was equally unknown in Peru, where he spent many months in the port of Callao, only 60 years after it was supposed to have occurred; it is not mentioned in any contempory publication, in Spanish or English, although he examined many of them: neither the Registrar of Shipping nor Lloyd’s Register knows anything about a ship named the Mary Dier, or anything like it; the journal of Captain Basil Hall (H.M.S. Conway), written in 1820-22 at the time of the occupation of Lima by San Martine, contains nothing about the Mary Dier incident, but there is instead a statement that the treasures of the city were sent away into the interior.

In other words, says Admiral Chambers, there is not anywhere in official history a single word to support the story of the fabulous Cocos Island treasure —or the main section of it, at any rate.

Methodist Mission Cruise Pilgrimage to Fiji is Popular SCHEDULED to leave Sydney on October 5 on a religious cruise to Fiji, the Katoomba has been completely booked out by Methodist ministers and their friends. Rev. Richard Piper, of the- Methodist Mission Society, which is conducting the cruise, is seeking to charter a second vessel, to cope with the demands for accommodation.

Carrying 450 passengers, the Katoomba will arrive at Lakemba on October 12.

The company will disembark at precisely the same spot where the pioneer Methodist missionaries, Revs. Cargill and Cross, landed exactly 100 years ago. Native Fijian Methodists will be hosts, and for those who wish it accommodation has been arranged in the native village.

The following day the party will betaken to Taveuni Is. and landed at another historic spot, Somo Somo. Theexcursionists will visit Levuka, the former European capital, and Bau, the old native capital of the group where King Thakambau, the paramount Fijian chief lived. En route to Lakemba the- Katoomba will call at Lautoka, where many of the passengers will leave the ship and cross by the new road, 120' miles, overland through marvellous Islands scenery to rejoin the Katoomba at Suva, Mr. K. A. Marlow, son of Mr. A. H..

Marlow, of Suva, returned to Fiji, after a vacation in Sydney, by the Niagara on April 26.

Mrs. Hinds, wife of Mr. Percy Hinds, well-known merchant, of Port Moresby, returned to Papua with her small daughter by the Macdhui from Australia on May 2.

When Costa Rica Pounced!

(Continued From Page 8)

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Torres Strait News From Our Own Correspondent.

THURSDAY IS., May 3.

A YOUNG Japanese diver, working near Badu Is. from the pearling lugger Drayton, was drowned in fairly shallow w r ater recently.

His air-line and life-line becoming fouled in coral, he pulled off his helmet and corselet in an endeavour to reach the surface by swimming, but died before he could be assisted.

Mrs. Stephen Davies, wife of the Bishop of Carpentaria, has given birth to a son, in Sydney.

He is the first child born to a Bishop of Carpentaria. the first Bishop being a bachelor and the second having no issue.

Mr. E. K. Thorpe, of Messrs. Thorpe & Vidgen, has left for the mainland on a holiday tour.

An old identity in the person of Mr. Kidman, recently passed away, after a long illness.

Rev. Schomberg, of St. Paul’s Mission, Moa Island, spent a few days at T.I. on business. He hopes to complete the new Badu Island church by July.

Mr. Michael Portley, 8.A., has arrived from Bundamba to take charge of the T.I. State School upon the transfer of Mr. Harry Finter to a Brisbane School.

Dr. Dowling, of the Commonwealth Quarantine Department, has completed a medical inspection of the Torres Strait islands on the Melbidir.

A daughter has been born to Mrs. Ralph Cook, of the Lockhart River Mission, Papua. Mrs. Cook was formerly Miss Turner, of Wanigela, Papua.

Mr. and Mrs. May, of Dogai, Badu Is., have been staying at the Grand Hotel, Thursday Is., for a few days.

Mr. A. McLeod has returned from his furlough, having been obliged to spend a portion of it in Townsville Hospital. He will go down to the Mitchell River Mission by the next trip of the Francis Pritt.

Miss Byron and Mr. Cain were recently married at the Mapoon Presbyterian Mission. This is only the second European wedding to have been held there, the previous one being that of Rdv. and Mrs. Love.

Mr. Jack Booker has been appointed master of the Queensland Government’s vessel Melbidir, in place of Captain Mortensen, who recently resigned. The new master is a returned man and well-known to T.I. residents, as he was here some years ago with the late Mr. Handley and Mr. Clay when they were pearl-fishing in the Torres Strait.

Mr. W. Carpenter has returned from his visit to Sydney. Most of the members of the Pearlshellers’ Association have signed new contracts with Mr. Gerdeau, of New York, for the disposal of local mother-of-pearl shell. This eases the situation considerably as the market has been uncertain since the last contracts expired.

Mrs. Jack Partridge has come up from Brisbane to join her husband, who is the Town Council’s chief electrician.

Mr. J. D. Mac Lean (P.M. and Protector of Aboriginals) has returned from his furlough with Mrs. Mac Lean. Unfortunately, Mrs. Mac Lean is now ill in the local hospital.

The annual meeting of the local branch of the Royal Geographical Society was held recently, with Dr. Nimmo, President, in the chair. The programme for 1935 was discussed. It was reported that the Museum Fund has reached' £l3O, and that the building will be proceeded with shortly. Officers elected were:—Mr. Harman, Secretary; Mr. J. I. Dunwoodie, Treasurer; Messrs. H.

G. Simpson, and A. Sullivan, vice-presidents.

Dr. lan H. Hogbin recently addressed the Anthropological Society of New South Wales on his work in the anthropological field at Wogeo, New Guinea, and has also delivered broadcast lectures on the same subject.

Mr. Ruskin Henry Ward, of the staff of Messrs. Burns Philp (S.S.) Co., Ltd., at Lautoka, Fiji, was married to Miss Dorothy Ellen Williams, of Wai Wai.

Savu Savu, Fiji, on March 18. The ceremony, performed by Archdeacon Harris, took place at Suva Holy Trinity Pro-Cathedral. 75

Lhe Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1935

Skin Diseases

By the application of his Secret Formula in the treatment of all Skin Diseases, Mr. John J. McHugh, Consulting Chemist, 124 Liverpool St., Sydney, is able to assure sufferers of a complete and speedy recovery.

Letters of gratitude from all parts of the world may be inspected at his rooms. Skin complaints successfully treated include: Tinea, Eczema, Psoriasis, Acne, Germ Under the Nail, Varicose Veins and Ulcers, Ringworm, Pruritis, Dandruff, Rosacea, Infantile Ecz-ema, etc.

Readers are invited to call or write to Mr. McHugh, and he will advise them without obligation.

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Gold Quest By

AIR Ambitious Plan of Papuan Concessions Ltd.

UNDER the leadership of Mr. Ward Williams, well-known in Papua and New Guinea as an expert mining engineer, a party of prospectors and explorers has been despatched from Port Moresby by Papuan Concessions Ltd. to establish a base at D’Albertis Junction, 600 miles up the Fly River in Papua.

In June, the party, which includes Messrs. J. Bourke, G. Anderson, Korn, and Gwilt, will commence an extensive search for gold, making a large scale aerial reconnaissance of the centre of Papua.

The company, which is backed by two powerful English concerns (Oroville Dredging Co., Ltd., and Camp Bird, Ltd.), will use a Short Scion aeroplane with adjustable floats. A systematic survey will be made of an area of 29,000 square miles recently granted to the syndicate by the Papuan Administration. Two wireless “pedal” sets have been taken with the party, and a launch, the Papcon, will be employed for river work.

Mr. Stuart Campbell, a former R.A.A.F. officer, is to be pilot during the reconnaissance. He took part in the Barrier Reef survey work, and was chief pilot with Sir Douglas Mawson’s two Antarctic expeditions in 1930 and 1931. For the last few months he has been engaged in a geological survey of the Bulolo goldfield in New Guinea, on behalf of Messrs. H.

Hemming and Co., aerial surveyors, of London.

Flights will be made over unexplored country with the object of eliminating limestone areas and noting the promising slate areas. Later, land parties operating from land bases, or from the several large lakes in the vicinity, will prospect the suitable areas.

Some of the Papuan lakes in the country where the prospectors will search are as large as 12 miles in diameter. For example, there is Lake Herbert Hoover, named by an American expedition, which was seeking disease-resisting sugar-cane along the Fly River, several years ago.

The prospecting party is accompanied by Patrol Officer C. F. Cowley, of the Papuan Administration, and four native armed constables, in addition to a string of native carriers.

New Plant for N.G.G. Ltd.

BY the Macdhui from Sydney on May 2, New Guinea Goldfield Ltd. shipped a quantity of new plant for their mill at Golden Ridges, New Guinea, The main unit was a new crushing mill with 20 battery stampers, manufactured in Australia by Thompson’s Engineering and Pipe Co,, Ltd., of Castlemaine, Victoria. This new plant will enable N.G.G.

Ltd. to treat a considerably larger quantity of ore than heretofore, and if, as has been stated, the Company pushes on vigorously with developmental work, the new mill will be in full swing at no distant date.

Mr. Geoff. Long, who for the past nine months was secretary of the Norfolk Island Association, left N.I. for Australia by the Morinda on April 11. 76 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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May 13 1 13/16d.

June 10 3tfd. .. 1 ll/16d.

July 22 3?*I. .. 1 1S/1 id.

August 5 .. .. 4d.

VAd- September 2 Stfd. .. 2J<d.

October 14 .. 5d. 2.40tfd. 2.65Hd.

November 11 5d.

December 2 Sd. 2.59d.

January 6, 1933 W- .. 2.43d.

February 10 *'Ad. • ■ 2J4d.

March 10 .. ..

AHd. .. w.

April 14 .. .. 4J*d. 2.34d.

May 5 4*d. .. 2.81d.

June 2 S'Ad. .. 3.56d.

July 7 5* d. • • 3.71d.

August 4 .. ..

S'Ad. 4d.

September 1 5d. 3.78d.

October 13 .. .. 4^d. 4d.

London Price on— November 10 • • • • December 8 . • ■ • January 5, 1934 February 2 .. ..

Para per lb. .. .. 5d. •• Plantation Smoked per lb. 4.09d. 4.0*4. 4.284. 4.84d. 5.15d. .. .. 5d. , , 5.43d, .. .. 5*4. m # 7d. .. .. 6d. 6.184. .. .. 5*d. 8£ 6*d.

Tune 15 June 22 ... .. .. 5*d.

July 20 August 3 .. .. 5*d. .. .. 5*d. .. .. 5*d. .. .. S*d. .. 7.06d. 6.88d. 7.184. 7*4.

August 31 September 7 • • • • September 21 September 28 .. • • .. .. 5*d. .. .. 5*d. .. .. 5*4. .. .. 5*d. 7*4. 7*4. 7.314. 7.31d. 6*4. .. .. 5jJd. 7d. .. .. 5*d. 88: it §}d! 6 31144. 6*(T 6*4. 6*4.

November 2 .. ..

November 16 .. •• November 30 .. ..

December 7 .. ..

December 14 .. ..

December 21 . • . • December 28 . • • • January 4, 1935 .. .. s*d. .. .. S*d. .. .. 5d. .. .. 5d. .. .. 5d. .. .. 5d. .. .. 5d. .. .. 5d. , , .. .. 4*d. # m 6.4*4.

February 1 . • • • February 8 February 15 .. • • February 22 .. . • March 1 March 8 March 15 March 22 March 29 April 5 April 12 April 19 May 3 May 10 May 17 .. .. 4*4. .. .. 4*4. .■ .. 4*4. .. .. 4*4. •• 6*4. 6*4. 6*4- 88: 6.1*4. 6*4.

P 5.6*4. 5.4*4. 5*4. 5 11/164. 5*4. 5 9/16d. 5 11/164. 6d.

Copra Plantation, South Sea, Hot-air Dried, London.

Sun-Dried.

Rabaul.

Price on— Per ton c.i.f.

Per ton c.i.f.

January 19, 1931 .. .. £14 7 6 £14 12 6 February 27 .. .. .. .. £14 12 6 £14 17 6 March 27 .. .. .. .. £14 10 0 £14 12 6 April 24 0 £13 17 6 May 29 .. .. £10 17 6 £11 0 0 June 26 0 £11 17 6 July 31 .. .. £11 5 0 £11 7 6 August 28 .. .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 September 25 .. .. £12 15 0 £12 15 0 October 30 . . .. 0 £13 IS 0 November 27.. .. .. .. £13 K) 0 £13 IS 0 December 18.. .. .. .. £14 5 0 £14 10 0 January 1, 1932 .. .. .. £14 10 0 £14 IS 0 February 12 .. .. .. .. £16 7 6 £16 10 0 March 25 .. .. £14 17 6 £15 0 0 April 29 .. .. £14 IS 0 £14 17 6 May 20 .. .. £13 17 6 £14 0 0 June 3 .. .. £12 17 6 £13 0 0 July 1 ,. .. £13 5 0 £13 7 6 August 12 .. .. .. .. £13 17 6 £14 0 0 September 2 .. .. .. £13 17 6 £14 0 0 October 7 .. .. £14 S 0 £14 7 6 November 11.. .. .. .. £14 7 6 £14 10 0 December 16 .. .. .. £14 2 6 £14 S 0 January 6, 1933 .. .. .. £13 10 0 £13 12 6 February 3 .. .. £12 5 0 £12 7 6 March 3 .. .. £11 7 6 £11 10 0 April 28 .. .. £10 10 0 £10 12 6 May 26 .. .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 June 30 .. .. £10 17 6 £11 0 0 July 21 .. .. £11 2 6 £11 S 0 August 4 .. .. £10 10 0 £10 12 6 September 29 .... £9 7 6 £9 10 6 October 20 .. .. .... £8 IS 0 £9 0 0 November 3 .. .. .... £9 10 0 £9 15 0 December 1 .. .. .... £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 .. .... £8 0 0 £8 7 6 January 19 .. .. .... £7 IS 0 £8 2 6 February 16 .. .. .. .. £7 17 6 £8 10 0 February 23 .. .. 6 £8 7 6 March 2 .... £7 15 0 £8 10 0 March 30 .... £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 6 .... £7 5 0 £7 IS 0 April 27 .. .. £7 7 6 £8 0 0 May 4 .. .. £7 12 6 £8 5 0 May 18 .. .. £7 15 0 £8 12 6 June 1 6 £8 12 6 June 15 .... £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 6 £8 15 0 July 13 .. .. £8 0 0 £8 17 6 August 3 .. .. .... £8 0 0 £8 17 6 August 24 .. .. .. .. £7 17 6 £8 17 6 September 7 .. .. .... £7 12 6 £8 15 0 September 14.. .. .. £7 15 0 £8 17 6 September 21.. .... £8 0 0 £9 0 0 September 28.. .. .... £8 5 0 £9 5 0 October 5 .. .. .... £8 0 0 £9 0 0 October 19 .. .. .... £8 2 6 £9 2 6 October 26 .. .. .... £7 15 0 £8 12 6 November 2 .. .... £7 15 0 £8 15 0 November 9 .. .. .. £7 12 6 £8 12 6 November 16.. .. .... £7 17 6 £8 IS 0 November 23.. .. .... £8 2 6 £9 0 0 November 30.. .. .. .. £8 7 6 £9 2 6 December 7 .. .. .. .. £8 IS 0 £9 12 6

Britain’S Priceless Contribution To Man’S

Comfort And Happiness

Rolls-Razor

The Aristocrat of all Safety Razors SOLE AGENTS for Australia and the Islands of the Pacific.

THE ROLLS RAZOR CO. OF AUSTRALIA LTD.

Mendes Chambers, 8a Castlereagh Street, Sydney.

SERVICE.—We have a complete equipment for Repairs in case of accident to your Razor. Blades can be Reset and adjustments made by return mail. 75 Manufactured by VINCENT BROS.

The Vibrationless . . .

“VI NCO”

Bariiie Enlngres Float Chamber Carburettor, Impulse Starter, Brass Tank, and many other features that ensure Economical Running, and a Lifetime of Service. Five Years Written Guarantee. Write for Leaflet.

F. 0.8. Price: 2' z h.p. £2B/10/- complete „ „ 4 h.p. £42/10/- All Installation Fittings Supplied Counter-balanced Crankshaft, Brass 44 Wentworth Park Rd., Glebe SYDNEY, N.S.W.

New Britain Express Delivery.

GENERAL OVERSEAS AGENTS.

General Carriers, Baggage And

Forwarding Agents

Royal Mail Contractors

Reliable Cars and Trucks.

We aim to give quick and reliable Service at reasonable costs. P.O. Box 116. 'Phone 141.

W. WALKER-FLYNN, Proprietor, Malaguna Road, Rabaul, T.N.G.

Market Quotations Range of Prices The Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and it regularly publishes the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press. 77

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1933

Quotations for trocas shell obtained from two different sources were: in Sydney (a) Trocas shell, No. 1 grade .. .. .. £85 Trocas shell, No. 2 grade .. ..

Trocas shell, No. 3 grade .. .. .. £61 (b) Trocas shell, No. 1 grade .. .. .. £88 Trocas shell, No. 2 grade .. .. .. £76 Trocas shell, No. 3 grade .. .. .. £64 All quotes are f.o.b., and on the Australian £.

Telegraphic transfer..

Buying.

Selling. 125 0 0 On demand .. £123 0 0 124 17 6 30 days 122 15 0 124 15 0 60 days 122 10 0 124 12 6 90 days 122 5 0 124 10 0 120 days 122 0 0 124 7 6 Average for Australia on Papeete. week ended 22/4/35 ..

Francs to £ Australian 57,73 Average for week ended 29/4/35 .. 57.45 Average for week ended 6/5/35 .. 57.42 Average for week ended 13/5/35 .. 57.72 Average for week ended 20/5/35 .. 58.34 Average for Australia on Noumea. week ended 22/4/35 ..

Francs to £ Australian 57.53 Average for week ended 29/4/35 .. 57.25 Average for week ended 6/5/35 .. 57.22 Average for week ended 13/5/35 .. 57.52 Average for week ended 20/5/35 .. 58.14 WATERPROOF Golf Jackets Button or Zipp—made from English Tricoline, in fawn (lined same material). Waterproof, yet porous —very light weight (average size weighs 130z5.). Waistband of woven wool. Satisfaction guaran- A / teed or money refunded. ■ / m Postage, 2/-.

Ernest Shaw

135 PITT ST.. SYDNEY steamships trading company limited Port Moresby PAPUA Samarai Chairman and Managing Director: A. S. FITCH.

Shipowners, Wholesale and Retail Merchants and Traders; Shipping, Customs and Insurance Agents; Copra and Rubber Plantation Owners.

Mail Contractors to Commonwealth and Papuan Governments.

AGENCIES:—At Port Moresby: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Phoenix Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills. Ltd.; Acme Bakery Co.; Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd. At Samarai: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Bankers and Traders' Insurance Co.; National Mutual Life Insurance Co.; Kuiaro Shipyards; Mamai Plantations, BRANCHES.—In Papua: Hanuabada, Sivitoi, Aroma, Koki, Hula, Ela Beach, Duga Duga, Yule Island.

SYDNEY: NELSON & ROBERTSON, 12 Spring St.; Melbourne. 396 Flinders Lane; London, E. Whiteaway & Co.. 7 Chiswell Street, Finsbury, London.

Cable Address: “STEAMSHIPS.” Code; Bentley's.

Ship Chandlery

W. Kopsen & Co. Limited Manufacturers of PIONEER BRAND ASH OARS AND IMPLEMENT HANDLES.

Sole Agents for : KOPSEN’S SPECIAL YELLOW METAL SHEATHiNG AND NAILS.

Large Stocks of Chains, Anchors, Manilla and Wire Ropes, Wood and Iron Blocks, Oakum, Tar, Pitch, Oils, Paints, Leads, Zincs, Varnishes, Shackles, Rigging, Screws, Sheathing, Felt, Lampware, etc.

Special Under Bond Prices for Island trade. 68-70 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY Cable.; “Kopsen." :-: ’Phone: BW 1114-6 Islands Produce Coffee The following quotations were obtained on May 20:— Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney; Quote No. 1, 32/- per cwt.; quote No. 2, -38/- per cwt.

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. No. 1 quotation: Grade “A,” 56/-; grade “B,” 52/-; grade “C,” 46/-; Triage, 40/-.

No. 2 quotation: Grade “B,” 57/-; grade “C,” 50/-; Triage, 40/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. Quote No. 1; Grade “A,” 64/-; grade “B,” 64/-; grade “C,” 60/-; Triage, 56/-. Quote No. 2: Grade “B,” 63/-; Triage, 55/-.

Arabian (Aden) Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney. Quote (a): No. 1, pure, 76/- per cwt. Quote (b): 72/- per cwt.

New Guinea.—Rugen, prime “A,” lb. (delivered in store); Grade “B,” 9d. lb.; Grade “C,”

Syid. lb.

Kapok Based on an exchange conversion of 12 gulden to the Australian £, the Australian c.i.f. prices current during May were: Prime Samarang, 5 1-32 d. per lb.; prime Japara, 5 13-32 d. per lb.

Cocoa Quote No. 1: Cocoa beans, £26-£30 per ton.

Quote No. 2; Accra, good fermented, 25/- per cwt., c.i.f., Sydney.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 Quotation: £8/15/- per ton, f.o.b., Sydney.

No. 2 Quotation: £8/15/- per ton, f.o.b., Sydney.

Trocas Shell Green Snail Shell Good quality green snail shell was quoted in Sydney in mid-May at £2B to £3O per ton.

Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton, as quoted in Sydney Morning Herald, during the past month were: April 19, 6.40 d., May shipment; April 26, 6.54 d., May shipment; May 3,6.49 d., June shipment; May 10, 6.54 d., June shipment; May 17, 6.52 d., June shipment.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. or 2001 b. bags, £l2/10/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags, £l5/10/- per ton.

Exchange Rates The following exchange quotations, gathered in Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney on May 20:— FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

AND BANK OF NEW ZEALAND.

Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £AIII, selling £AII3/10/-.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London: Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer .. £FIIO 15 0 £FII2 0 0 On demand £FIIO 12 6 £Flll 17 6

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa—selling £AIOO, buying £AIOO/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £lOO in London:—

Direct Telegraphic Transfer

SELLING RATES.

Quoted by

Dank Of New South Wales

in Australia.

New Caledonia—Through

FRENCH BANK.

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1 per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea: On May 20, when the Australian £ _ was nominally worth 58.65 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a credit in Noumea of 5,865 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK.

From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent., on Rabaul 10/- per cent. —other N. Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London : Buying; T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent.; Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea, on London: Same as Australia on London, and vice versa.

Pastor A. H. Piper, general secretary of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission organisation, left Sydney by the Malaita on April 18 to make a general survey of S.D.A. Mission work in the Solomons Group. During his journey through the Solomon Islands on the S.D.A. schooner Vinaritokae he will give particular attention to the location and layout of a site for the mission’s new hospital. After sailing through the Group he will cross to the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, joining a Southward-bound steamer from Rabaul to Sydney.

Rev. James Edwards, Melanesian missionary in the Solomon Islands, returned to Cape Mala by the April Malaita, after furlough in Australia since January. 78 May 21, 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Macdhui Mont or o Macdhui Sydney .. ..

June 13 July 3 July 25 Brisbane June 15 July 5 July 27 Townsville July 8 — Cairns .. ..

June 18 July 9 July 30 Ft. Moresby .

June 20 July 11 Aug 1 Yale Is — Aug 2 Samarai..

June 22 July 13 Aug 3 Woodlark Is.

June 23 — Rabaul .. ..

June 24-25 July 15-16 Aug 5-6 Karieng..

July 17 — liftdcnhafen .

June 26 — Aug 7 Sakmaua Lae 27-28 July 19-20 Aug 8-9 Finschafen July 21 M amass Jdadang ..

July 22 Aitxishafcn Lorobrum July 23-24 Lorengau Pondo .. ..

July 26 Madang Alexishafen ..

June 29 Aug 10 Boram .. ..' Wewak ..

Jn 30-JIy 1 Aug 11-12 Madang Alexishafen ..

July 1 Aug 12 Salamaua Karieng..

Pondo .. ,.J July 2 [july 4-5 — Aug 13 Aug 15-16 Rabaul .. ..

Salamaua Samarai..

July 6 July 8 July 9 July 27 July 27 July 31 Aug 17 Aug 19 Aug 20 Ft. Moresby .

July 10 Aug 1 Aug 21 Cairns ..

Aug 3 Brisbane..

July 14 Aug 6 Aug 25 Sydney .. ..

July 16 Aug 8 Aug 27 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

Nankin Nellore Tanda Yokohama..

June 22 July 20 Aug 19 Nagoya ..

June 23 July 21 Aug 20 Kobe ..

June 26 July 25 Aug 23 Moji ..

June 27 July 26 Aug 24 Hongkong July 5 Aug 2 Aug 31 Manila .. .

July 8 Aug 5 Sept 3 Kabaul .. .

July 16 Aug 13 Sept 11 Brisbane ..

July 22 Aug 19 Sept 17 Sydney ..

Melbourne ..

July 24 Jy 29-Ag 3 Aug 21 A. 26-S. 4 Sept 19 S. 23-0. 2 Hobart ..

Aug 5 Sept 6 Oct 4 Newcastle..

Aug 8 Sept 9 Oct 7 Sydney, dec. Aug 14 Sept 14 Oct 12 Brisbane ..

Aug 16 Sept 16 Oct 14 Townsville , Aug 19 Sept 19 Oct 17 fiabaul.. ..

Aug 24 Sept 24 Oct 22 Manila.. ,.

Sept 1 Oct 2 Oct 30 Hongkong ..

Sept 4 Oct 5 Nov 2 Shanghai ..

Sept 9 Oct 10 Nov 7 Moji .. ..

Sept 12 Oct 13 Nov 10 Kobe ..

Sept 13 Oct 14 Nov 11 Osaka .. ..

Sept 15 Oct 16 Nov 13 Nagoya ..

Sept 16 Oct 17 Nov 14 Yokohama Sept 18 Oct 19 Nov 16 E. * A.

STEAMSHIP CO., LTD., Agents.

Subject to Alteration Without Notice.

M.V.

Malalta Sydney .. ..

May 30 July 13 Aug 24 Brisbane.. ..

June 1 July 15 Aug 26 Townsville ..

June 4 July 18 Aug 29 Tulagi ..

Sept 2-3 Makambo June 8-10 July 22-23 Gavutu .. •. !

Sept 4 Su’u .. ..

June 11 July 24 Mamara..

Sept 5 Domini.. ►June 12 July 2S Aruligo.. 1 July 25 Lavoro .. .. — Yandina..

Banika .. ..

June 13 July 26 Sept 6 Ufa Lingatu.. .

July 26 — Faiami .. ..

Younger..

Pepesala June 13 July 26 Sept 6 Kaylan .. ..

July 27 Meringe.. — — West Bay ..] Somata.. ..j Jjune 13 — Sept 6 Rendova (opt.) — July 28 — Giro June 14 July 29 Sept 7 Faisi .. ..

June IS July 30 Sept 8 Kieta .. ..] Arigua .. ..j June 16 July 31 Sept 9 Teopasino ..1 Numa .. ..J June 17 Aug 1 Sept 10 Rabaul .. ..

June 18 Aug 2 Sept 11 Soraken..

June 19 Aug 3-4 Sept 12 Kieta .. ..

June 20 Aug 5 Sept 13 Faisi .. ..

Giro .. ..) Tetipari.. ..J June 21 Aug 6 Sept 14 June 22 Aug 7 Sept 15 Russell Group June 23-24 Aug 8-9 Sept 16-17 Oavutu..

Tulagi .. ..] .June 25 Aug 10 Sept 18 Brisbane June 29 Aug 14 Sept 22 Sydney .. ..

July 1 Aug 16 Sept 24 BURNS, PHILP A CO. LTD., AgenU Melbourne June 20 Sydney June 26 Salamaua July 3 Rabaul July 5 Sandakan July 14 Manila July 17 Hongkong July 20-24 Manila July 27 Saigon — Sandakan July 29 Salamaua Aug 5 Rabaul Aug 8 Sydney Aug 15-16 Melbourne Aug 19 BURNS PHILP & CO.

LTD., Agents.

Mariposa Monterey Mariposa Honolulu ..June 3 July 1 July 29 Pago Pago ..June 8 July 6 Aug 3 Suva July 9 Aug 6 Auckland .. June 14 July 12 Aug 9 Sydney, arr. ..June 17 July 15 Aug 12 Melbourne.. ..June 21-22 July 19-20 Aug 16-17^ Sydney, dep. .. June 26 July 24 Aug 21 Auckland .. .. June 29 July 27 Aug 24 Suva .. .. • ■ July 2 July 30 Aug 27 Pago Pago .. July 3 July 31 Aug 28 Honolulu.. .. July 8 Aug 5 Sept 2

Oceanic Steamship

CO., MATSON LINE, Rabaul Salamaua London May 18 July 31 Teneriffe.

May 26 Aug 8 Sydney July 10 Sept 1 Gladstone July 15 Rabaul, arr.

Sept 21 London Oct 7 Nov 28 Calls will be made at Madang, Kavieng, and Salamaua if sufficient inducement offers.

W. P 1. CARPENTER A CO. LTD. p er S.S.

Morinda.

Sydney June 8 June 20 July 20 Lord Howe Is..

June 10 June 22 July 22 Norfolk Island June 12 June 24 July 24 Vila J une 27-28 — Bushman’s Bay June 29 ' Malo 1 Tangoa .. .. j- June t9 Segond .. .. J Aoba (opt.) ..

June 30 Vila — July 1 Norfolk Is.

June 13 July 4 July 25 Lord Howe Is.

June 15 July 6 July 27 Sydney .. ..

June 17 fuly 8 July 29

Burns, Philp &

CO. LTD., Agents

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong, New Guinea, British Solomon Islands Service.

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “Friderun” And S.S. “Bremerhaven”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world.

For further particulars appiy to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, New Guinea, Rabaul.

GILCHRIST, WATT «t SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents. Sydney.

Shipping: Services in the Pacific Sydney—Papua—New Guinea Service.

Subject to Alteration Without Notice Ocean Island-Nauru Service British Phosphate Commission, 16 Spring Street, Sydney, sends boats irregularly from Melbourne.

Gilbert and Ellice Islands M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all Islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups. • Sydney—Rabaul—Hongkong Sydney-Fiji Service On a quick trip to Fiji the Union Co.’s cargo -vessel Waipahi left Auckland on May 18. She will arrive at Suva on May 23 and depart for New Zealand the same evening, arriving at Auckland, N.Z., on May 28. The Sheafholme, under charter by the Union Co. Ltd., will leave Sydney for Fiji early in June, calling at Lautoka and Suva, and will probably go on to Apia, Western Samoa.

UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents Solomon Islands —N.G. Service.

Papuan Inter-Island Services S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route; then Port Moresby to Darn via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu —full trip occupying about one month.

Pt. Moresby, May 30 Pt. Moresby, June 10-14 Hisiu .. .. May 30 Kapa Kapa . June 14 Yule Is. .. May 30 Abau . .. .. June 16 Kukipi .. .. May 31 Baibara .. .. June 17 Orokolo .. .. June 1 Samarai . ~ June 19-22 Kikori .. .. June 3 Baibara .. .. June 23 Daru .. .. June 4-5 Abau June 24 Orokolo .. .. June 6 Kapa Kapa . June 26 Yule Is. .. June 8 Pt. Moresby, June 27 Hisiu .. .. June 9 M.V. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

Sydney-N. Guinea-Hongkong M.V. Neptuna, New Zealand-Samoa N.Z. Government steamer Maui Pomare (1159 tons) is on a regular service between New Zealand ports and Western Samoa, carrying mails, passengers, and cargo.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fij i—Samoa— Hawaii London—Sydney—New Guinea Subject to alteration without notice.

Sydney—Norfolk Island —New Hebrides 79

The Pacific Islands Monthly

May 21. 1933

Saigon Van Rees Aug 6 Batavia Aug 10-12 Samarang Aug 13 Pt. Moresby .

Aug 22 Samarai Aug 24 Rabaul Aug 26-27 Vila July 1 Sept 2 Noumea Sept 4-6 Sydney Sept 11-13 Pt. Moreaby Sept 20 Batavia Oct 1-S Saigon Oct 7

Royal Packet Navigation

CO. LTD.

Maunganui Makura Maunganui Papeete .. . June 15 July 13 Aug 10 Rarotonga.. . j une 18 July 16 Aug 13 Wellington . June 24-25 July 22-23 Aug 19-20 Sydney .. . j une 29 July 27 Aug 24 Sydney, dep. . j u j y 4 Aug 1 Aug 29 Wellington July 8-9 Aug 5-6 Sept 2-3 Rarotonga.. July 13 A ug 10 Sept 7 Papeete .. . j u ly IS Aug 12 Sept 9 UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

C. Ramel Verdun Cephee Papeete .. ..

May 29-30 July 26-28 Sept 24-26 Raiatca..

May 31 July 29 Sept 27 Vila June 10 Aug 8 Oct 7 Noumea, arr.

June 11 Aug 9 Oct 8 To Panama— Noumea, dep.

June 19 Aug 18 Oct 16 Vila .. ..

June 20-22 Aug 19-21 Oct 17-19 Raiatea (opt.) June 30 Aug 29 Oct 27 Papeete..

July 1-3 Ag 30-Spt 1 Oct 28-30 MESSAGER1ES MARITIMES CO., , A|Mtl.

Niagara Aorangi Niagara Honolulu May 29 June 26 July 24 Suva June 7 July 5 Aug 2 Auckland June 10-11 July 8-9 Aug 5-6 Sydney June 15 July 13 Aug 10 Sydney, dep.

June 20 July 18 Aug 15 Auckland June 24-25 July 22-23 Aug 19-20 Suva ..

June 28 July 26 Aug 23 Honolulu July 5 Aug 2 Aug 30 UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

Svdney S.S. Laper«tts« Aug 1 Noumea Aug 5-6 Lifou — Aug 7 Tanna Tuly 17 Aug 8 Vila Aug 9 Luganville Aug 10 Le Dart ...

Aug 11 Hog Harbour .. — Vao July 20 .

Hongkong — Haiphong — Saigon — Pt. Sandwich .

Aug 12 Tomman — Aug 12 Vila Aug 13 Lifou — Aug 14 Noumea Tuly 22-23 Aug 15-16 Sydney Aug 20 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO. , Afmtt Friderun Bremerhaven Hongkong June 26 Kavieng July 11 Madang . — Salamaua — Rabaul July 12 Manus — Tulagi • July 16 Kieta July 22 Madang — Rabaul Tuly 11 Aug 2 Hongkong Aug 18 NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD.

Agents.

BOOKS relating to SOUTH SEAS, NEW GUINEA, and AUSTRALIA. Fine selection, reasonable prices, including complete set of PAPUAN REPORTS (1885-1932).

Catalogue post free on request.

BOOKS for YOUNG CHILDREN.

Kindergarten Supplies. School Books H. A. Evans and Son 358 Collins St., Melbourne, Victoria

Fast Auxiliary Ketches

At One-Third Of Sydney Prices

Offers are invited from anyone wishing to purchase a first-class ocean going ketch. There are eight to be selected from, ranging in size from 13 to over 20 tons, at prices from £350 to £1,300, the largest being a new boat still on the slips.

Apply— V. R. KEPERT, Pearler, DARWIN, N.A.

PROGRESS .. .

IN 1930, the late Capt. Les. Holden inaugurated a new aerial transport service in wild New Guinea. To-day, just five years later, Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd. have six sturdy planes including two new modern Ford triple-engined passenger machines maintaining dependable service always.

We have long had a deserved reputation for safety and service. Our ’planes, flying over some of the world’s roughest country, over towering mountains, deep gaping chasms, and over tangled and miasmic jungle, have kept ip reliable communication with outlying aerodromes. r i u ' fM Ci One of the new Ford Passenger ’Planes, the latest addition to our air fleet. The machine accommodates 10 passengers comfortably Special Charters Arranged to Any Part of New Guinea or Papua HOLDEN’S Air Transport Services Ltd.

Air Transport, Customs, Shipping, and Indent Agents SALAMAUA, WAU, SYDNEY (7 Wynyard St.) Cable Address: “Holdairco” (Salamaua, Brisbane, or Sydney). ’Phone 84515 Saigon—Java—Noumea Line Sydney—N.Z.—Cook Is.— Tahiti French Eastern Pacific Service By ships running between Marseilles and Noumea, via West Indies and Panama Canal.

From Panama— , Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regular four-weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips each Suva to Levuka, Savu, Taveuni, Rabi and Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva— trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington —trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A.K. Tui Labasa (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 9 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports—trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakoloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. Latter trip occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

Sydney—N. Z.—Fiji—Hawaii Sydney—N. Hebrides —Noumea —lndochine Hongkong—New Guinea — Solomon Islands Service New Guinea Inter-Island Service S.S. Maiwara (Burns, Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports.

M.V. Duranbah, m.v. John Bolton, m.v. Desikoko (W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory. 80 May 21. 1935

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Wholly set up and Printed in Australia by The Land Newspaper, Ltd., 59 Regent St.. Sydney, and Published by Pacific Publications Lt<l., Union House- -247 George Street, Sydney. Telephone; BW 5037.

Aerial Irak Fport

Pioneered And Carrie/ Oh

The New Guinea Gold Indu/Try

. . v; 3 mm* m m m fit > m *>- ■mam ■ m Centre—One of the Bulolo Dredges under construction in Central New Guinea—three aeroplanes operated by Guinea Airways Ltd. discharging cargo.

Top right — Daii'y cattle being loaded into a Guinea Airways plane for transport to the Goldfields.

Lower left—lnterior of one of Guinea Airways cargo-carrying aeroplanes SAFETY SPEED COMFORT DEPENDABILITY I7IGHT years ago, Central New Guinea was almost unexplored, and practically inaccessible.

To-day, although there are no roads through the dense jungles and precipitous mountains, the Morobe Goldfield, in Central New Guinea, is the seat of a flourishing industry. There are half a dozen growing townships, four huge, modern dredges, two hydro-electric stations, crushing-mills, saw-mills, etc. . . Aerial transport alone made this possible.

Aeroplanes, flying in all weathers on regular timetables, connecting the coastal towns of Lae, Salamaua and Port Moresby with over thirty inland aerodromes and landing-grounds, have carried in thousands of tons of engineering equipment, a large European population, thousands of native labourers, foodstuffs, livestock, mails ,etc.

Guinea Airways Ltd. launched its unique aerial transport service seven years ago, with one machine and a handful of men. To-day, it operates a fleet of modern aeroplanes, and employs very large European and native staffs.

TVTEW GUINEA service aeroplanes carry on one of the biggest transport organisations in the world, in one of the world’s most primitive tropical countries; yet no aerial transport system in the world can show a smaller percentage of accidents, or a better record of efficiency and dependability.

A visit to Central New Guinea, in one of Guinea Airways speedy and comfortable air-liners, is a unique and delightful experience.

Travellers may leave the steamer at Port Moresby, fly across to Morobe (time of journey, 1 hour 45 minutes) and spend nine days in the Goldfield centres before rejoining steamer at Lae for Rabaul. Or, after visiting Rabaul, they may disembark at Salamaua or Lae, spend several days on the Goldfields, and fly to Port Moresby to rejoin the steamer. All information from Pursers on the steamers.

Guinea Airways Its

Lae - Salamaua

The Pacific Islands Monthly. May 21, 1933

V m I fpIIi&ENE s ? -VpoP> - ' RESCHS

/Special Expor

Revved & bottled B y Tooth & co. limited ' va VERLEY OREWE ,IV ’ fj A SYDNEY I m St rav-' o The most important feature of

Resch’S Pilsener

is the “SPOT” crown seal Resch’s Pilsener is protected against tropical heat by this specially designed “Spot” Crown Seal.

It ensures perfect freshness in all climates.

R PC CMC

** Long Bottle

PILSEN ER P. 38-27 IV May 21. 1933

The Pacific Islands Monthly