PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly OCTOBER 24 th, 1933 6 d [Registered at G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper.] A Papuan Head-dress, worn by a Poroporena Native.

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Pacific Islands Travellers

PAS SEX GERS ARRIVED PER “MATA- RAM/' FROM SOLOMOX ISLAXDS OX SEP- TEMBER 23: Mr. and Mrs. Robertson, Miss E.

O'Dea. Miss M. Auger. Mr. E. Monckton, Mr. and Mrs. H. Barham. Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Barley, Mr. P. J. O’Brien, Miss M. E. Archer, Miss L. P. Borsdoff, Miss K. Fitzgerald. Miss J- Gifford, Mr. and Mrs. O. Foster, Miss B. M.

Holmes, Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Heyworth, Mr.

L). M. Terry, Miss E. West, Mr. F. Green, Mrs. F. G. Middenway, Mr. A. C. Ball, Mrs.

A. C. Ball. Mr. R. Walmsley, Mrs. C. P.

Younger, Miss L. M. Atkinson, Miss C. M.

Cleaver, Mr. A. S. Arnold, Mrs. I. M. Barker, Mr. C. R. Bignell. Mr. J. McLeod Bolton, Mr. and Mrs. S. G. Caulton, Miss C. M. Deck, Mr.

G. Fulton, Mr. H. Gage. Mr. C. A. Gage, Mr.

A. W. Gage, Mrs. E. Hicks, Mr. and Mrs.

W. C. Hynam, Mr. A. Jones, Mr. S. G.

Knibbs. Mr. R. C. Laycock. Mr. and Mrs. A.

Osborne, Mr. E. V. Patterson, Mr. J. Stark Spiers, Mr. A. Young, Mr. C. V. Widdy, Mr.

J. A. Johnstone.

Passexgers Per “Morixda,” Sailed

Ox September 23 For Lord Howe Ax D

XORFOLK ISLAXDS : Mr. and Mrs. T. Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. S. Glisson, Mesdames L. B.

Morgan, J. E. Evans, C. H. Denny, R. Barrell, Misses M. Cook, Harlaud, V. Young, E. and L.

Thurston, G. M. Owen, L. Donaldson, I. Hesford. E. Dobhie. D. Barrell. Messrs. Edwards.

T. P. Brown. H. Bowen, J. Payten, A. K.

Campbell, C. K. Probert, P. Denny, L. Lee, W. and H. Robinson, H. R., Smith, J. and C.

Rankin. C. E. McCay, S. E. Saxton. F. R.

Breading, H. Mackenzie, G. Green, H. L. Piper, A. R. Hawson, J. A. Mackillop, F. C. Mackillop, Dr. Richards.

Passexgers Per “ Moxtoro,” Which

Sailed Ox September 21 For Papua

AXD XEW OUIXEA s Mr. and Mrs. J. Hinds, Mr. and Mrs. Max Kraut, Mr. and Mrs. E. C. M.

Helton, Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Altria. Mr. and Mrs. T. K. Colquhoun, Professor and Mrs. Thurnwald, Mesdames F. E. Neal, E. Clifford. A. E.

Dover, F. Everall, R. D. Pye, Maclean, Hayton, Misses F. Cooke, A. M. Thompson, E. M.

Verco, M. M. Riggs, Lievering, A. I. Walker, P. A. Vale. Hayton, Sister M. Felicitia. Sister M. Cecilia, Messrs. P. Avery, K. Walker, O.

Moon, D. James, E. T. Short, A. Spence, A. W.

Sassall. Ducher, H. M. Scott, H. E. Woodman, A. Roberts. E. P. Fahey, H. Waters, A. R.

Caircross, I. L. Griffith. H. R. Halliday, J.

Macdonald, H. H. Rowe, Strugnell, G. F. Hammond, J. A. Miller.

Passexgers Per ‘ Monterey,” Which

Sailed From Sydxey For Suva, Fiji, Ox

SEPTEMBER 20: Miss G. Corr, Mr. S. G.

Cruickshank, Mr. E. V. Dixon, Mrs. E. V.

Dixon. Mr. T. A. Edmeades, Miss F. Grant, Mrs. G. Mead, Mrs. E. Murphy. Mrs. G. Nathan, Mr. S. Nichol, Mr. R. L. Parker, Miss Lucy Parker. Mrs. C. E. Price, Miss A. M. Price, Mr. Ben T. Smith. Mrs. Ben T. Smith. Mrs.

E. Statham. Mr. G. A. Stronach, Mrs. G. A.

Stronach, Mr. A. G. Smyth, Mrs. A. G. Smyth, Mrs. Hugh Trumble, Miss V. Trumble, Miss E.

Johnson, Sister Mary Joachim, Mrs. E. Mason, Mr. W. M. Mutton, Mr. H. A. Ragg, Mrs. H. A.

Ragg. Miss T. M. Ragg, Mr. A. A. Ragg, Mrs.

A. A. Ragg. Mr. E. J. Stott.

Passexgers Per “Mat Aram/’ Which

Sailed From Sydxey For Solomox

ISLAXDS OX SEPTEMBER 30; Mr. and Mrs.

C. Werntz, Misses V. Noonan. A. Shaw, C. E.

Waite, V. M. Sullivan, I. George, A. Stewart, M. Fotheringham, V. Thompson, Rev. L. L.

Oldham. Messrs. C. L. Dawe. H. C. Leggatt.

H. Tighe. W. Clark, E. McLeod, M. Harper, F. H. Rhoades, E. Ashton, R. H. Benbow, G.

Bennett.

Passexgers Per “Mariposa,” Which

Arrived Ix Sydxey From Fiji Ox

OCTOBER 9: Mrs. D. Allen, Mr. Earl Bornheld, Mr. J. R. Brogan, Mrs. W. P. Brownell.

Mr. W. G. Clarke. Miss G. Corr, Mr. J. Costello, Mr. E. V. Dixon. Mrs. E. V. Dixon. Miss Fna Donovan, Mr. J. S. Dunstan, Mr. A.

Edmeades. Mrs. M. E. Jeffries. Mrs. Laura Mac- Mahon, Mr. Will S. Marshall, Mrs. Will S.

Marshall, Mrs. G. V. Mead. Mr. W. Mitchell, Mr«, E. Murphy, Mr. S. Nichols, Mr. R. L.

Parker, Miss Lucy Parker, Miss A. M. Price, Miss C. E. Price, Mrs. M. Rowe, Madame Geo.

G. Stoicesco, Mr. E. I. Stott, Mr. G. A.

Stouach, Mrs. G. A. Stonavh. Mr. R. G. Dunn, Mrs. Hugh Trumble, Miss Violet Trumble, Mr.

L. K. Gahagan, Mr. R. McNamara, Miss Marjorie McPhee, Miss Muriel McPhee, Miss Elsie Murdoch, Mr. W. G. Robinson, Miss Marjorie Tate. Mr. J. W. Vandercock, Mrs. J. W. Vandercock, Mr. C. O. Taylor, Mrs. C. O. Taylor, Miss E. Taylor, Mr. R. G. Kendall. Mrs. R. G.

Kendall, Master M. Kendall, Mr. W. Cooper, Miss W. Cooper.

Passexgers Per “Morixda,” Which

ARRIVED FROM XEW HEBRIDES AXD XOR- FOLK ISLAND ON OCTOBER 3: Mrs. M. M.

Abagail, Miss D. Cussons, Mr. A. Edwards, Mr.

C. W. F. Hickling, Mr. G. B. Hickling, Mr.

J. Hockling, Mrs. M. Locksmith, Mr. S. Saxton, Mrs. F. M. Symonds, Miss A. Shoosmith. Miss M. Stewart, Mrs. R. Barrell, Miss D. Barrell.

Mr. H. Bowen, Mr. F. R. Breading. Miss M.

Cook, Mrs. C. H. Denny, Mr. P. Denny. Mr. and Mrs. A. Glisson, Mr. J. Harland, Miss I.

Hesford, Mrs. Lee. Mr. H. Mackenzie. Mr. G.

Green. Mr. F. C. Mackillop. Mr. C. K. Probert, Mr. J. Rankin, Mr. C. Rankin, Dr. R. W.

Richards, Mrs. I. Simpson, Mr. H. R. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. T. Wilson.

Passengers Per “Morixda," Which

Sailed From Sydxey For Xew

HEBRIDES, VIA LORD HOWE AXD XOR- FOLK ISLAXDS OX OCTOBER 5: Bishop and Mrs. Kirkby, Mr. and Mrs. L. Petrie. Mr. and Mrs. J. Rees, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Murphy, Mr. and Mrs. J. Hobson, Mr. and Mrs. A. R.

Ware, Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Windsor, Mr. and Mrs. T. P. J. Gray. Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Jones, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Wedgwood, Mr. and Mrs.

W. E. Palme. Mesdames H. Hayward. J. Gay, Stowell, J. Grant, M. M. Benson, N. Crowe, Misses Z. Davis. A. Campbell, C. Douglas, I.

Baker, R. Trevitt. Kelly, McCarthy, M. and D.

Morgan, Goodman, Morgan, E. and K. Dillon, M. Bunworth, K. Fegau, L. Nelleship, S. Meek, D. McKimm, N. Broughton, F. H. Jones, N.

Gettens, O. Yabsley, E. Waller, M. Brownlow, F. Ramsay, H. McKimm, G. W. Wilson, Neave, Crowe, G. McNamara, H. Lewis, South. Grant, A. Olsson, Father Kelledy. Dr. C. Walker, Messrs. C. I. Quintal, Crosby-Brown, M. Goldstein, C. J. O’Brien. J. A. Purcell, J. McKimm, P. J. Carroll. R. Walker. W. Farrow, L. H.

Stowell, M. Shelley, E. G. Fahey, South, E.

Olding.

Passexgers Per “Macdhvi,” Which

Left Sydxey Ox October 12 For Papua

AND XEW GUINEA : Rev. and Mrs. J. W.

Burton, Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Burgoine, Mr. and Mrs. C. Champion, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Kitto, Dr. and Mrs. B. A. Sinclair, Mr. and Mrs.

B. E. Weston, Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Vandercook, Mr. and Mrs. R. Sargeant. Mr. and Mrs. C. W.

Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. W. Leydin. Mesdames E. M. Olsson, S. Gilhllan, D. Rogers, C. I. H.

Campbell. V. Bramming. B. Moon, E. E. Lees, M. Helbig, M. F. Bilston, Sister G. McCrea, J. Hockey, Misses M. Hastie. D. Turner, V. M.

Warrall, G. G. Thomas. F. J. Pearce. B. Morris, M. Cunningham,- R. Mackinnon. J. Evenett, E. Hart. Messrs. H. E. Thomas. B. Heath, G. T. McMahon, H. G. Carter, Father J. Hoevekamp, L. A. Carr, E. Muller, L. Farmer, M.

Halsey, Hon. G. Nelsson, H. B. Brown. Dr.

W. T. Harse, R. Moon, E. P. Lee. Rev. M. S.

Helbig. Pastor R. H. Tutty. The Rt. Rev.

Bishop H. Newton. R. Joyner. .1. H. Hepburn, N. Weston. C. F. Dewey, J. McLeod. J. Currie, F. H. G. Simcocks. E. A. Beattie. G. Kingvote, F. J. Bannigan, F. Cook, C. F. Cowley, Capt. E. Mustar.

Passexgers Per “Xi Agar A,” Which

Sailed From Sydxey For Suva. Fiji, On

OCTOBER 12: Mr. C. A. Fletcher. Mr. G. W.

Lee-Atkinson, Mrs. G. W. Lee-Atkinson, Mr.

F. W. Gardner. Mr. E. Grahame. Mr. E.

Kenyon, Mr. J. A. Conroy. Mrs. J. A. Conroy, Mr. E. D. Terry, Miss S. A. Major. Mrs. O.

Major. Miss A. Rennison, Mrs. M. W. R. Kerr, Miss D. Kerr, Master D. Kerr. Mr. J. Collings.

Miss M. E. E. Dobell. Mr. R. B. Lattrell. Mr- E. Drummond. Mr. W. Morris. Mr. W. R. Morris, Mr. M. T. Foster.

Passexgers Per “Taxda,” Which Left

Sydney For Rabaul, Xew Guinea, On

OCTOBER 14: Mr. V. A. Pratt. Mrs. Z. E.

Fenton. Mr. C. T. Drane. Mr. J. L. Street. Mrs. .1. L. Street and two children, Mr. E. Haynes, Mrs. E. Haynes, Mrs. Gilmore and two children.

Miss I. Maunsell. 1 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

HOLDEN’S AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES, LTD.

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Holders Of The Government Passenger, Freight And

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Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd. was established in New Guinea in 1930, by the late Captain Les. Holden, M.C., A.F.C. It now operates five Aeroplanes, and carries on Daily Services (weather permitting) to all Major Aerodromes.

Charters Arranged To Any Aerodrome In

NEW GUINEA OR PAPUA.

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Adams, W., & Co., Ltd 24 Amal. Wireless, Ltd. 28 Anthony Hordern & Co. 31 Antinea Drug Co. .. 19 Arnott’s Biscuits ... 25 Bank of N.S.W. ... 18 Barker College 36 Barraclough, H. A.. 40 Bergers Paints .... 20 Briton. Alf 11 Broomfields, Ltd. .. 29 Brunton’s Flour .... 26 Hums, Philp Sc Co. 2 Burns, Philp (S.S.) Co 30 B.P. Magazine .... 44 Buzacott, Ltd 15 Callachor & Son ... 12 Carpenter, W. E.

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Central Q'land Meat Co 16 Chartres, Stott, & Hoare 37 Com. P’laml Cement 48 Dangar, Gedye, Ltd.. 27 Delicia Food Co. . . 29 Dowsett, J. H. M. . 29 Excelsior Supply Co. 41 Fletcher & jS'ons ... 33 Flynn, Mrs. W. ... 9 Garrett & Davidson 43 Gillespie’s Flour ... 13 Gr^rV^A.n o^. 1 !!

Guinea Airways cov. iii.

Halvorsen, L 45 Hardie, Jas., & Co., Ltd 10 Holbrooks, Ltd 23 Page.

Holden’s Air Transport 2 Holmes, W 43 1.C.1.A.N.Z., Ltd. . . 19 Joyce Biscuits 2f!

Kodak, Ltd 39 Kopsen & Co 40 Lane & Girvan 42 “Lucky Fred.” ... 38 Mcllrath’s, Ltd. ... 22 Mclntyre G McLeod Bolton & Co 28, 30, 38 N.D.L 47 Nelson & Robertson 22, 40 New Brit. Express . 1 Nolan, Spencer .... 34 Noyes Bros 13 Pacific Is. Ass’n . . 43 Pa ton, Burns 42 Prescott, Ltd 34 Rabaul Carr’g. Co. . 42 Rohu, Sil 34 Royal Packet N. Co. 1 Royal P.A. Hospital 37 Russell, S 13 Springwood College . 1 Steamships T. Co., Ltd 46 Swallow and Ariell.

Ltd 17 Sullivan. C 35 Talty, T. S 38 Taubman’s Paints . 32 ™ock. 33 Oii Co.’ V.'. 21 Walker, F j., Ltd . 14 Wallaringa Mansions 45 Wills. W. D. & H. O. 36 Wunderlich, Ltd. 8, 35 CONTENTS.

Page iNew Hebrides and Australia’s Defence 3 4 14 N.G. Commemoration Day . . 5 Yellow Journalism and New Guinea 6 French Copra Tax 7 Tropicalities ’ ’ g Tragedy of Islands Princess . . . . 9,10 Sea Transport in Samoa ]i Britain Loses Prestige in New Hebrides \2 About Islands People 14 Gilbert and Ellice Colony Admr, . . 15 Book Review 16 How Cook Is. Became British . . 17 Saving Primitive Races 19 Page Fiji Indians 22 Old-Time Cannibal’s Own Story ~ 23 Sepik Gold 24 Samoan Stalemate 25 Opportunities in Fiji 27 French Delegate in Tahiti . . . . 30 Norfolk Is. Notes 32 Papuan News 33 Fashion Hints for Islands’ Women . 35 “Black Boys” Leave Samoa .. . . 40 Plea for Larkin Case 43 Market Quotations 45 Exchange Quotations 46 Shipping Services in the Pacific 47, 48 2 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

The Pacific Islands Monthly

The Newspaper - Magazine Of The South Seas

[Registered at G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission ty post as a newspaper .] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Island Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Mariana Islands.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

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Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 3408 R Contributions Articles, Stories and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands Subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

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Vol. IV. No. 3.

SYDNEY, OCTOBER 24, 1933.

Pripf* [ Per Copy ‘ rritc 1 Prepaid: 0/- p.a.

New Hebrides And Australia’S

DEFENCE IF some of the Australian newspapers which conduct an everlasting search for scandals, wherewith to destroy institutions and shake governments to their foundations, would turn their eager noses towards the Condominium of New Hebrides, they would find plenty of material. The present condition of the New Hebrides is a scandal which reflects discredit upon both Australia and Great Britain.

The position of New Hebrides is well known to those few who take any interest in extra-Australian politics. It was set forth, very clearly, in a long article which was published in this journal, in January, 1932. As a result of that article, we received letters from people in various parts of the world, expressing amazement at the indifference of the British Imperial authorities towards what is going on, and urging that some action be taken. But in Australia—which nation is more seriously affected by the New Hebrides developments than any other —mo one, except officials of the Presbyterian mission organisation, displayed the slightest interest.

For half a century prior to 1887, the New Hebrides group was a Noman’s-land, where the only recognised law was the law of the heavy fist. The British were first into the group, as traders, recruiters and planters, but they were soon followed by the French who, operating from New Caledonia, also acquired important interests. A Joint Naval Commission (British and French naval officers) established a semblance of government in 1887; resident commissioners, French and British, were appointed soon after 1900; and the present Government —a quite unique and interesting thing, in which two independent countries, Britain and France, are jointly responsible for a ‘ 1 Condominium ’ ’ —was formed in 1907.

There is nothing of a scandalous nature about the Condominium.

The Administration officials, both British and French, have carried out their duties with propriety and efficiency during the last 25 years.

The Condominium can be criticised on two grounds—it is ridiculously costly, and it is probably the most slow-moving piece of administrative machinery on earth. Upon the 3 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Joint Court, for instance, devolves the responsibility of making surveys of land and granting titles.

Although it is 25 years since the Condominium was established, land titles have been granted only in respect of the small island of Efate.

So far as the rest of the Territory is concerned, there are no indefeasible titles; and therefore no real security for the establishment of plantations or industries.

The French, for their part, have carried on the development of the New Hebrides with vigour and industry. Paris has taken a direct interest in the establishment of planters, and there have been monetary grants and subsidies to French nationals, representing a large sum. France also has assisted her settlers by allowing them to bring indentured plantation labourers from Tonkin, so that planters had not to depend on the unsatisfactory and unreliable local labour. Whenever the group has suffered from hurricanes—and New Hebrides is well within the hurricane belt —prompt monetary aid from the French Government has re-established the French planters.

Now look at the other side of the picture. There has been no monetary assistance given to the British settlers, in any shape or form —no subsidies, and no encouragement. When the British planters sought permission to indent labourers, so that they might at least be on equal terms with their French neighbours—surely a most reasonable request—officialdom frowned. When the request was persisted in, and it was pointed out that, if it were refused, British settlement in the New Hebrides must fail, a Commission of Inquiry was set up. It is believed that it recommended that relief be given the British settlers; .but nothing was done, and its report never was published.

The New Hebrides group was pioneered, on behalf of Australia, by Sir James Burns, founder of Burns, Philp and Company, He and his companies acquired very large holdings of land there; and, when the Condominium was established, he handed over the whole of this land, as a free gift, to the young Commonwealth of Australia.

The latter, of course, was expected to prove its land titles before the Joint Court. No one seems to have any reliable record of what occurred, but it was clearly understood at the time that Australia was to encourage the settlement of British people in the group, and the shipping company was to provide transport and communications.

It was an excellent arrangement, from Australia’s point of view. If anyone wants to know why, let him look at the map. Lying right along the north-east coast of Australia, distant from 750 to 1,500 miles, is a continuous chain of large islands —Papua and New Guinea, Solomons, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and Norfolk Island. The eastern portion of Australia is the part that requires defence; the forces against which Australia must be defended will come from the Pacific, if from anywhere; and this chain of Islands territories, therefore, is of vital importance to Australian defence. If that factor was considered important in 1905, when Australia’s interest in the New Hebrides was under review, how much more important is it to-day?

The whole of that long defensive chain of Islands is British, except New Caledonia and part of New Hebrides, which is French. Britain is not concerned with New Caledonia, and Australia is hot likely ever to have to defend herself from the French. For the latter reason, there may be some who will say that it does not matter very much whether New Hebrides is under French or British control. But it matters very much. The time inevitably is coming when the possibilities of aeroplanes and submarines will bulk largely in plans for Australia’s defence; and it is therefore vital that Britain should retain every vestige of control she now has in the barrier of Pacific Islands which now afford Australia a natural protection. Some of the finest harbours in the Pacific are in New Hebrides, Whatever arrangement was made between Britain, Australia and the pioneering shipning company, for the settlement and protection of New Hebrides, was not carried out.

At first, under the encouragement of the Commonwealth Government, some 60 or 70 British planters went to New Hebrides, mostly from Australia, and took up land. Within a few years, politicians who hated the British Empire, and who turned pale and sick at the very thought of Asiatic labour, got control of the Commonwealth Government; and the British settlers in New Hebrides were ignored and forgotten.

The war came, with its intense national preoccupations, and it was natural that nothing was done for New Hebrides. But, in the 15 years that have elapsed since the war— which has included a period of abundant money for administrative and developmental purposes—the claims of British settlers in the group have been deliberately and determinedly passed by. They have had no assistance from Britain and no encouragement from Australia; and, had it not been for the organisation maintained by Messrs.

Burns, Philp & Co., the group would have been lost altogether.

Why? No one knows. All that is known is that Australia still has substantial territorial interests in New Hebrides, which she has seemed desperately anxious to forget; and it is suspected that the super-sensitiveness of Australian Labour politicians concerning indentured Asiatic labour was the reason why British settlers in the New Hebrides were refused the aid they so urgently required. The fact that the trade of the Western Pacific should belong naturally to Australia, and should have justified the maintenance of the New Hebrides connection, seemed not to weigh with the politicians.

When the Condominium was established, there were more French than British in the Group, but the difference was not very great.

To-day, there are barely 200 British, and over 1,000 French.

Scores of British planters have sold out to the French; others have obtained French nationality. Can anyone blame them? The French, despite the difficulty of obtaining land titles, have steadily extended their plantations, being helped by a sympathetic and alert government. The British, through the indifference of the governments concerned, are steadily losing all their landed interests —although they formerly had most excellent claims (Continued on page 14.) 4 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Planter Menaced By

ALLIGATORS And Administration Seizes Only Gun. [Letter to the Editor ] IWAS interested in a paragraph in a recent issue about alligators by Miss Bignell, of Bogotu Island.

My own experience may be of interest.

For the last 13 years we have been pestered by alligators, and it is a common sight to see half a dozen of them having a sun bath on the banks of a river adjoining our boundary.

Some months ago, our watch dog was carried away and one heifer and two fully grown cows had their hindquarters torn off. The alligator appeared to be about 20 feet long.

Six natives have been carried away in broad daylight, since we arrived on this Island in 1920.

One morning I hung a sugar-bag, which had contained a piece of fresh meat, some distance from the beach.

During the night, an alligator came and swallowed the bag, as well as various ducks of mine. Some days later, the natives killed an alligator that was after their pigs. It happened to be the alligator, that had swallowed the sugarbag, as it was found in its stomach.

Just recently, the Administration’s tax-gatherer came along, and demanded payment of a tax for every gun we had. Times are hard, so we refused to pay the tax. Consequently, our gun was confiscated. Now, we are at the mercy of these horrible reptiles. We cannot protect ourselves, let alone the natives, as we used to do.

I am, etc., (MRS.) EDITH SVENSEN.

Kokomuruki 1., 8.5.1., 10/8/33.

PAPUAN SUGAR.

Various “Inspections.”

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Sept. 26.

DEVELOPMENTS in the sugar industry of Papua appears to be making some progress.

Senator Sir Walter Kingsmill has been in Papua since September 5, visiting Wanigela in Collingwood Bay in the North Eastern Division for the Papuan Sugar Corporation Ltd., in which he is interested.

The Corporation bought up Wanigela this year from Sugar Lands Ltd., previously acquired from Papuan Rural Products Ltd.—a concern which died some time ago, before starting development.

Mr. G. MacDonald, of Tropicane Ltd., is also visiting the territory and is at present inspecting Sinapi, in the East, an area of 15,000 acres, which has been granted to his company by the Government.

The Nevitt Brothers, who went to London some time ago in the interests of the Sangara sugar plan, also of Papua, are still abroad. It is believed that the steady improvement in economic conditions throughout the Empire will assist them materially in obtaining British capital for Sangara, N.G. REMEMBERS.

September 12 Commemorated.

From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Sept. 25.

TUESDAY, September 12, was Commemoration Day for the Territory of New Guinea. It is the day set aside to commemorate the landing—l 9 years ago—of the Australian troops at Kabakaul, near Rabaul, from whence they journeyed through the bush and rough track towards Bitapaka, where their objective was the high-powered German wireless plant. The men killed on this occasion were the first Australians to lose their lives in the Great War.

September 12 is a public holiday in the Territory and on this anniversary a pilgrimage was organised by the Returned Sailors and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia in Rabaul. A number of returned soldiers foregathered with their comrades, armed themselves with wreaths and marched silently through the beautifully-laid out Botanic Gardens to God’s Acre —a quiet spot where. 1 lie the remains of those who fell of Australia’s first expeditionary force to land on enemy shores in the Great War.

The pilgrimage was one of remembrance, and here in this quietness the pilgrims laid their wreaths of frangipanni, bougainvillea, coralita and jasmine upon the graves of the fallen. Here the pilgrims stood awhile in silence after laying on the wreaths and then their voices were raised in the singing of Kipling’s grand old “Recessional”: “Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget—lest we forget!”

Rev. T. J. Gibson, of the Church of England, gave a very stirring address, which was most appropriate for the occasion.

The Administrator was present at the ceremony, as well as the Chief Judge and various other heads of government departments. Mr. R. L. Clark, M.L.C., president of the R.S. & 5.1.L.A., was in charge of the proceedings and was assisted by Secretary S. E. Costelloe and Mr. C. Parker; while various public bodies were represented.

It is the intention, we believe, to make this anniversary, in future years, an outstanding and memorable occasion.

ISOLATED SAMOA.

Now No Regular Service With Australia or U.S.A.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Sept. 24.

APART from the Union Company’s cargo steamers calling at Apia on their way from Australia to Vancouver, there is no regular and direct steamer connection at present with Auckland, Australia or the U.S.A. This is in striking - contrast with pre-war times, when Apia enjoyed one monthly steamer from Australia and one from Auckland.

Attempts are being made to get the present unfortunate situation remedied.

Recently, Apia was out of sugar, rice and flour for a fortnight. A deputation from the Chamber of Commerce waited on the Administrator and urged the necessity of reducing the present high harbour dues, in order to induce the Union Company’s mail steamers of the Auckland-Suva-Honolulu-Vancouver service to make Apia a port of call.

The Administrator promised his support and favorable consideration of the representations.

Suggestions were also made to use windjammers, many of which are laid up in the harbours of the world, for the transport of our copra at cheap rates, which may benefit the unfortunate copra producers somewhat, by a saving in freight. So far, however, no steps have been taken in this direction.

With reduced harbour dues, it may be possible to have the Matson boats call at Apia. It is understood that the high dues caused the failure of the recent negotiations with the Matson Line.

At The recent Levuka Municipal Election, Mr. J. A. Sword, 101 votes, and Mr. H. E. Houghton, 76 votes, were returned for the next term. The other candidate, Mr. R. W. Vollmer, polled 49 votes.

The P. and O. liner, “Strathnaver” (22,000 tons) will leave Sydney on November 17 for a tourist cruise to Noumea, New Caledonia. On the return voyage the liner will call at Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island.

Some of those present at the ceremony; graves of the fallen in the foreground. From left to right: H. L. Clark (hon. sec. R.A.T.C.); S. E. Costelloe, secretary R.S. & S.I.L.A.; Rev. T. J. Gibson; his Honour the Administrator; R. L. Clark, president, R.S & S.I.L.A.: his Honour the Chief Judge; District Officer Oakley. 5

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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MODERN MUNCHAUSEN GETS LOOSE IN NEW GUINEA.

Lies of Yellow Canadian Journalist Are Amazing and Amusing.

TV TOT long ago, a strong protest was 1 V made in the Commonwealth Parliament concerning a series of articles which had teen imblished in the “Toronto Star,’' a Canadian newspaper, in which conditions in the Territories of Papua and New Guinea had been grossly misrepresented.

We now have received copies of the articles referred to; and seldom have we read more priceless examples of irresponsible yellow journalism. They profess to describe the new gold industry in New Guinea, and conditions incidental thereto; but they may be more truthfully described as a tissue of ridiculous lies.

THE writer is given as “Gordon Sinclair.” No one appears ever to have heard of Mr. Sinclair; but, from the photograph which accompanies the articles, he evidently is a rather silly boy.

However, here is a reproduction of the photograph; judge of the character of the “journalist” for yourselves.

This writer may have visited the Territories he quite glibly makes use of a few terms peculiar to Papua —but he gets so sadly mixed up in his geography that it is possible he was never in those islands at all.

The first article is dated from Wau, on March 29, 1933, and it opens thus: “A month’s march from the sea through steaming hot jungle infested with almost every blood peril in the calendar, brings you to Wan.

“On the way in you face leeches and vampire bats which suck your blood. Death adders, copper-heads and mosquitoes which paralyse it.

Primitive cannibals who thirst for it. The tom toms throb and the war drums thump.

“Five out of six men trying to slash their way through jungle which overhangs and hems in with the constant menace of poisoned arrows and pouncing snakes, would die on this sweatbox trail. Five out of six!”

The lads in Samarai and Lae will love to read this! Wau, ever since 1928, has been reached by aeroplane in 30 minutes, from the coast. Even before that, laden carriers toiled in it eight or ten days. But Mr. Sinclair, bless you, marched for a month through the jungle, defending his blood, every yard of the way, against leeches and death adders and vampire bats! Mr. Sinclair is the heroic sixth man who won through.

“Neither roads nor rivers, telephones nor telegraphs, serve Wau. Hostile savages surround it. Insurance people ignore it. No maps locate it. There is neither post-office, station nor hotel. But the most courageous air line in the East serves Wau so well that thousands of tons of human carcass-supplies, machinery and explosives are carried over the 13,000-foot Owen Stanley mountain range and landed here every month.”

Wau, for years, has had a post office, radio-telegraph office, aerodrome and hotel; and is found easily on modern maps. The regular air-lines do not go anywhere near the Owen Stanley range —they merely drop down from Wau and Bulolo to Lae and Salamaua, on the New Guinea coast.

“The greatest triumph of this cannibal-land air line was the flight into the gold-bearing rivers of a 60-ton dredge. Then two more dredges. Now three more are being made in California for the Guinea gold fields. Frank Griffin, stop-at-nothing miner who thought this thing out, was thought mad when he first suggested gold exploration of the bad lands by aeroplane.”

There are four dredges on the Bulolo field, or in course of construction, not six. They were made, or are being made, in Sydney, not California. The man who planned the aerial service, and saw it put into operation and is entitled to the full credit of the plan was the late Mr.

C. J. Levien, goldfields pioneer. Mr. Griffin is a director of the Bulolo company, but is not numbered among the pioneers.

Then the ingenious Sinclair pictures the first aeroplane on its first flight, flying backwards and forwards over the goldfield, seeking a landing-place, while hordes of naked, primitive savages race about, screaming in terror. He describes the aeroplanes flying over mountain peaks “higher than the Rockies, loaded with the most astonishing supplies”.

“Tractors, for instance, cows, cases of champagne. Not beer, champagne. Dress shirts for the natives. They insisted on stiff-fronted dress shirts and derby hats. That was an indication to jungle belles that they were wise guys of the world in touch with the mysterious outer part called Moresby.”

It is apparent from these and other remarks that Mr. Sinclair believed that the aeroplanes run between Pt. Moresby and the goldfields—giving rise to a suspicion that the gentleman was never in Papua at all. Apparently, he does not know that there are two separate and distinct places—Papua and New Guinea.

This, for instance: “Finally the order went to California for the making of the dredge. Less than a year later, each part patterned to measure, it arrives at Port Moresby, and piece by piece was flown across that range. There remained at last one huge, heavy piece. A great lump of steel which couldn’t possibly be cut down, but was sure to tax the aeroplane to its limits. . . .

Since no flat ground big enough for take-off is found within ten miles of Moresby, the aeroplane had to start her mad rush off a mountainside.

The pilot gave her the gun full out. She roared, coughed once, knuckled down to her job and zoomed up and up, over the hills and far away to a perfect landing.”

It is, of course, a matter of history that the dredges were all made in Sydney; that they were unloaded from the steamers at Lae (many hundreds of miles from Port Moresby) and that the big Fokkers lifted their loads without difficulty from off the great Lae aerodrome, and landed them comfortably on the Bulolo aerodrome. Our Canadian adventurer’s picture of an aeroplane bounding off a mountain-side near Port Moresby, and “zooming” over the Owen Stanley range with its lump of dredge, will serve to keep Messrs. Mustar, Parer, O’Dea and Company in bright and cheery mood, even in this depressing weather!

There are columns of this Munchausen stuff. We read about “Tiger Lil,” a “ghost woman of the fields, who panned out a fortune with two soft arms and a dishpan”; of Salamaua, “away on the other side of the island”; and of miners who, disappointed at Edie Creek, “crept through the jungle to the Dutch territory” (a mere matter of 500 miles!) where they were “ambushed and slaughtered” by cannibals.

“No cannibal will eat a cowa’rd or whiner.

He seeks the lusty and strong on the theory that tt£ eat a strong man is to acquire his strength. The method of the Dutch killers was to let the body decompose until it was soft and damp and strong. Then in fiendish hunger they sucked damp human meat from white bones.”

That bit about “damp human meat” should keep the Leahy Brothers away from the Upper Sepik!

So long as Mr. Sinclair is writing along these lines, he is merely funny and ridiculous, like any other clown; but when he devotes an article to the “Slaves” and “Slave Traders” of the gold-fields, he becomes a menace. It was this section of his writings that aroused the ire of the Australian Parliament.

The yellow journalist declares, in 1J columns of the “Toronto Star,” that native labourers for the goldfields are rounded up by “recruiters,” seized in gangs, driven away to the goldfields and held in virtual slavery, where they die in large numbers. Quotations: “The slave driver, domineering, reckless, quick on the draw, still snaps his snake whip over the backs of brainless blacks down here where the sun burns holes in your hide.

“Of all the savage blacks who work this steaming hot island, at least 98 per cent, are bound by mortgage to a white; bound for three years, during which time they have about as much freedom as a squirrel in a cage. ...

“New style slavery. Slavery under a more soothing name. A head tax. No man in all Papua had a dime. Never heard of a dime.

Wouldn’t know what to do with a dime. But they were all forthwith taxed 2.50 dollars a year. No whites were taxed. They pay no taxes of any kind in Papua. Just the blacks were taxed. (Continued on page 42).

Gordon Sinemir 6 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

French Tax On Copra

How New System May Be Operated.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Sept. 7.

IT has been officially announced that the bonus scheme for the benefit of coconut planters in French Territories, which has been under consideration for some time past, and previously commented upon in these notes, haws now received the sanction of the French Government, and has come into immediate operation.

France imports annually something like 200,000 tons of copra, of which approximately one-sixth is produced in the various French Possessions. The basis of the present scheme is the imposition of an import duty of 175 francs per ton on the foreign grown article, the funds so obtained to be distributed among the French producers.

It is estimated that the sum available for distribution in this Colony will work out at round about 300 francs per ton of copra—a very welcome addition, indeed, to the inadequate price at present paid.

Already, in Marseilles, there is a difference in price of about 30/- per ton in favour of French copra, so that it appears evident that the importers there do not intend to carry the burden of this new import duty, but wili penalise the foreign producer to that extent.

NOTE.—On the basis of the present exchange, £1 Australian is equal to about 60 francs.

Perhaps, sufficient foreign copra to provide a bonus fund will be sent to Marseilles, even under the disadvantage of a heavy import duty, so long as the market continues to be so remarkably sluggish in America and elsewhere. But it appears reasonable to presume that, if there were only a slight improvement in the general outlook, the buyers in Marseilles would find it difficult, if not impossible, to obtain foreign cargoes at anything less than the market rates prevailing elsewhere. The duty would then have to be paid by the importer, or be removed entirely ■to enable him to compete successfully abroad with soap and other manufactured articles. However, it is hoped that some solution of this difficulty will be worked out when the time comes.

The scheme is intended to benefit the actual producers of copra, and not the merchant who buys it for shipment, but the practical details of distribution have not yet been worked out.

Obviously, there will be many difficulties to be overcome in the application of this idea over the widely scattered archipelagoes of French Oceania, where copra is produced in very small lots by innumerable small landowners, and collected by Chinese traders or occasional schooners. Efficient control under such conditions appears to be impossible without an unjustifiably large expenditure.

Perhaps, the only solution of this problem—if the bonus is to be paid direct to the producer—is a system of co-operative marketing. But, unfortunately, efforts along this line in the past have generally met with failure, chiefly on account of the average Polynesian native’s inability to withstand temptation when entrusted with the handling of funds belonging to others.

Several prominent men, whose views are worthy of consideration, believe that the only feasible method of dealing with the proposition is to pay the bonus to the exporter. They claim that competition between buyers—which is always particularly fierce in Tahiti — would raise the local price of copra to the extent of the bonus, and thus achieve the Government’s object of benefiting the producer, without a ruinous administrative expense. No doubt, there is a good deal to be said for this view.

In the meantime, the local Chamber of Agriculture and the Chamber of Commerce are working with the Administration with the object of arriving at a suitable plan of action.

Ran Away With

PINNACE.

N.G. Plantation Labourers.

From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Sept. 30.

WORD has been received from Kavieng that fifteen Aitape labourers from the Teripax plantation, in the Tabar group, stole the plantation 5-tons pinnace and left with the idea of reaching Rabaul.

There was only a small quantity of fuel on board the vessel, and none of the "boys” had any knowledge of how to work the engine. There was no mainsail, and only three oars.

They drifted from September 5 until 9, when they eventually landed at T’solue in the New Hanover group and were rescued by Mr. E. R. Miller.

The natives assert they had had nothing to eat or drink during the period they were at sea, and they travelled about 100 miles, mostly by using the oars.

Legal action is being taken.

New Ship For New

GUINEA.

AUSTRALIAN timber is being used in the construction of a new motorship for the Island trade of W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd. It is being built at the yards of A. W. Settree and Co., Huskisson, Jervis Bay, southern New South Wales. The vessel is a sister ship to the John Bolton, which was completed early in the year at the same yards and which is now in commission in New Guinea.

Much of the timber for the new ship, which will be completed in April, has been gathered within a few miles of the shipyard. The vessel will be of about 250 tons gross, with a length of 125 feet, a beam of 24 feet, and a draught of 9 feet 6 inches. She will be equipped with a British Diesel engine of 200 hors°-power.

This group of well-known residents of Western Samoa was photographed in May, 1933, on Tuanaimato plantation, on the occasion of the visit of the Governor-General of New Zealand (Lord Bledisloe) and Lady Bledisloe. Those in the group are:- From left to right: Captain Godwin, Captain Farebrother, A.D.C., Miss Diana Harris, Messrs. E. Retzlaff, W. H. Gibbs, R. P. Berking, G. H. Adamson, I. H. Carruthers, A. Mathes, F. Stunzner, K. Meyer, A. M. Gurau; Lady Bledisloe; Messrs.

M. Grapengiesser, F. Jahnke; Lord Bledisloe; Messrs. R. F.

Ott, Meerhum; Mrs. Hart, Mr. R. Wetzell, Brigadier-General H. E. Hart (Administrator of Western Samoa), Messrs. T. W.

Brighouse, A. R. Cobcroft, H. I. Jones, P. L. M. Morgan, Captain Tweedie, A.D.C., Mr. Goetz.

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TROPICAUTIES AVERY well-known South Seas trader —Mr. Henry Dexter, of Milne Bay, Papua, and formerly of Malaya—is talking of retiring soon, and returning to his boyhood home in England. He is 68 but, if he approaches his father’s record —the old gentleman died recently, aged 92—he will have many years to spend yachting on the Solent. Mr. Dexter, with “authors’ ” and tourists’ ridiculous stories of Islands’ life fresh in his memory, writes humorously of his impending visit to Sydney.

“It might be a good idea if I were to pose, appropriately dressed, as a kind of Trader Horn,” he says. “How about a long, pointed beard, two 6-guns, big scrub knife in belt, bottle showing out of pocket? I am sure I could draw on my imagination sufficiently to stir an audience—they wouldn’t be interested in the true story of our humdrum existence here.”

But Mr. Dexter has had his adventures, like other old-timers. There was, for example, a notable occurrence on the Brown River in 1910, -when Mr. Dexter went off the end of a bamboo raft into a swirling current —the reason for his haste being a 20-feet crocodile, which was hospitably mounting the raft at the other end. * * * ANEW GUINEA district officer has reported to the Administration concerning the use of shell-money (strings of shells) among the natives.

It appears that this form of currency is used freely—it was estimated that there was £250,000 worth of shell currency in the Kokopo district, near Rabaul. It is not used for trading between the Europeans and natives. There, trading is carried on mainly with shillings (“marks”, in Pidgin) and trade tobacco. Sticks of black, sticky tobacco are practically the only currency recognised in the native market in Rabaul.

The idea of supplying the natives of New Guinea with a very cheap metal coinage, to take the place of the strings of shells, has been considered many times, but nothing has come of it. Like “the colonel’s lady and Judy O’Grady,” the New Guinea native and the highest product of British or American civilisation have the same feeling of staunch conservatism under their skins, when it comes to any interference with their customary tokens of value. * * * THE following tribute to Papuan patrol officers appeared in a Melbourne newspaper recently: “What the white patrol officer supported by eight trained natives wearing official shirts and sulus, but otherwise naked, has done for Papua can also be done among our Australian aboriginals.

Papua is now safe to whites and this has been brought about by the tact, kindness, firmness and sympathetic treatment to Papuan tribes by the white patrol officer knowing his job. He has the instincts of a gentleman with unruly tribes; he sifts the causes of troubles, arrests the culprits to bring them before a magistrate, and explains that murder, fighting, cannibalism and the killing of children at birth are not permissible under the white man’s code. This is done through native interpreters, as the patrol penetrates the hinterland. A patrol of this nature by a gentleman supported by our own aboriginal police could work ponders in North Australia. With power given to a patrol officer to arrest whites and bring them to justice for the abuse of native women, then the aboriginal problem would be almost solved.” * * * A CORRESPONDENT in Tanna, New Hebrides, vouches for this one: A native couple quarrelled violently concerning a lady with lime-washed hair. They agreed upon a divorce, and settled down in houses about one hundred yards apart.

Soon afterwards, the lady was discovered, back again, in her husband’s house.

Our inquisitive friend wanted to know why she had abandoned the status of a divorcee.

She explained that “Harry” had called several times at her house; and finally urged that it was “more better she come back —plenty too many fleas in her house!” * ° * WE do not wish to cast aspersions on innocent people; but we fear that some residents of the goldfields districts of New Guinea have “taking ways.” We have received recently, from subscribers in Salamaua, Wau and thereabouts, some half-dozen different complaints about non-receipt of current issues of the P.I.M. All wrapped copies, before being posted in Sydney, are checked over with our mailing lists; and this fact, and the further fact that complaints of non-receipt come only from the N.G. goldfield districts, naturally create the obvious suspicion. We are gratified to know that the P.I.M. is in keen demand; but we beg the gentlemen who lack the property-sense to remember that every time they “pinch” a newspaper, we have to deal with an irate subscriber. * ° * THE average person will tell you that it is impossible for a European— particularly a European woman —to remain many years in the tropics without a break: but a well-known woman, Mrs. Edith Svensen, of Koromuruki Island, in the British Solomon Islands, gives notable proof to the contrary.

Mrs. Svensen and her husband have lived continuously on isolated Koromuruki since 1920 —60 miles from the nearest post-office—and they appear well and happy. Mrs. Svensen writes to the Editor in whimsical vein.

“The world seems to have moved very fast since 1920,” she says; “and it is hard to follow fashion developments from the newspapers. I try hard to visualise modern women, with their beach pyjamas, and cigarettes and cocktail parties. There seems to be also a keen demand for equality with men. Some of those who want equality should have an experience of life on this island —I do not think the idea would last long! ■‘l am afraid I must be completely cut of date —I have not seen an aeroplane, nor have I heard the talkies, and I have only read about radio.”

SWIFT TRANSPORT.

But a Long Way Round From Sydney to Suva.

EARLY in August Mr. J. E. W, Dunstan, then in Sydney, received urgent advice that his father was lying very dangerously ill in the War Memorial Hospital in Suva, Fiji. He and his sister, Mrs. Doreen M. Alien, at once sought means of conveyance to- Suva.

They had just missed the ordinary mail steamers, and there was no further vessel for a couple of weeks- But they were advised by the Matson Line agents that a Swedish cargo steamer, the Boren, was due to sail the following day, August 8, from Port Pirie, South Australia, to Levuka direct, to load copra for Messrs. Morris Hedstrom, and the Matson people assisted them to get a passage on the Boren, provided they could reach Port Pirie in time.

Then events moved swiftly. A wellknown airman, Major de Havilland, agreed to take them to South Australia, and they left Sydney on August 7, and made a fast flight. But dusk overtook them, and the aeroplane made a forced landing in a paddock about 100miles from anywhere. There were exciting incidents before they secured a car, and made a final dash of 100 miles by road. They caught the Boren, whose departure had been specially delayed to meet their convenience.

On arrival at Levuka, the two passengers were met by Mr. St. G. Ryder, manager for Messrs. Morris Hedstrom Ltd. at that port, and they were taken at once to one of Fiji Airways seaplanes, which was waiting for them.

They landed in Suva before 10 a.m.

Customs and Police Departments were most helpful in administering passport regulations, etc., so that the travellers should not be unduly delayed.

Their luggage was delivered to them in Suva the following day by the interisland steamer Sir John Forrest. 8 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Mrs. N. WALKER - FLYNN, COSTUMIER E, Market Street, RABAUL.

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The Tragedy Of An Islands Princess

ON April 21, 1933, there occurred in Sydney the death of Princess ’Elisiva Fusibala Tauki’onetuku, half-sister of Her Majesty Queen Salote Tubou, D.8.E., of Tonga, in the 20th year of her life.

On account of her health the young princess came to Sydney at the advice of the Chief Medical Officer of Tonga, last December. The change seemed to have benefited her, and it was hoped that her health would soon be recovered before her return home. She gained in weight and was in unusually good health, when she was taken seriously ill during the last week of February. She recovered, however, and was convalescing and making preparations lor her return home on April 27, which actually did happen but in a manner undreamed of by anyone, for she relapsed on the 20th and passed away on the morning of the 21st at Highbury Hospital, Burwood, Sydney.

The news of this terrible calamity soon reached the little Kingdom of Tonga, and the whole of Its people mourned the loss of their beloved young princess.

One grieves deeply with her people at the death of one so young and beautiful, for her life was plucked at the very zenith of its lovely bloom, with all the promises of life before it. Absorbing in its unique interest, it reads like a romance, or to be more appropriate, a tragedy of the South Seas, as indeed her life was.

She was born on July 26, 1912, as the second daughter of King George Tubou 11., by his second consort, Queen Takibo.

At the age of six she lost her father, and her mother at seven; thus she was orphaned early in life and was denied the kindly care of the father and the sweet affections of the mother, so essential to the life of the growing child. No fit playmates were there for her, nor real companions, and she grew up in an austere, isolated atmosphere among grown-up people. Thus her childhood was not so happy as it should have been.

After the death of her mother she was sent to Ha’abai, the middle group of the kingdom, to be under the care of Rachael Toga (whom old Methodists still remember when she and her husband visited Australia on missionary deputation work years ago) as her governess. There she remained for a little over a year before she was sent to the Diocesan Girls’ School, Auckland, in 1921. Four years were completed there before she went home on holidays in 1924. At the Centenary Celebrations of Christianity, in Tonga, in 1926, she again went home; and after which she proceeded to the Methodist Ladies’ College, Hawthorne, Melbourne, where she remained until 1928, when she returned to Tonga at the completion of her education. She was keen in her studies and was an accomplished pianiste. Dining her stay both in New Zealand and Australia she made many bonds of lasting friendship.

Though she is dead, yet the years cannot dim the indelible vividness of the impression her intense personality made on one’s mind.

She was tall, with a perfect slim figure and beautifully moulded limbs, and her features were regular and refined. She had the lovely black hair of the Polynesian women, crowning a wide forehead; and her neck, long and swanlike, was extremely beautiful in the European sense. Her heavy-lidded dark eyes were like twin pools, soft and languorous and at times were touched by a misty wistfulness, which, vaguely suggestive of hidden mysteries and repressed empty longings in their unfathomable depths, were alluringly haunting. Her large sensitive mouth, with full lips, were set above a wellrounded firm chin. Hike most princesses of the Royal Family, her complexion was light and she had a soft, clear skin.

Her sweet, beautifully modulated voice, soft, mellow and musical as the low diapason of the surf that beats everlastingly in front of her Royal home, will echo and re-echo in one’s memory.

Those who came in contact with her were charmed by the sweetness of her nature, and her ready winsome smile won her, from the whole of the people of the Kingdom, the name of “Koe si’i Ta’ahine Fofoga mamali” —the maiden of the smiling face. In keeping with her high birth she was gracious and considerate to the people, comporting her Royalty with quiet dignity and sim- EDITORIAL NOTE: The following article is very remarkable, in two ways.

First, it tells, in most moving language, the tragedy of a high-faste, highly educated, high-spirited Tongan girl. As a psychological study of a problem that is common in the Pacific to-day, where the Polynesian people are rapidly absorbing European culture, it is unique.

Second, it is the work of a fullblooded, educated native of Tonga who, for obvious reasons, desires to remain anonymous. We have published the article exactly as it was written by our Tongan contributor.

Queen Salote, Princess Fusibola, and one of the young Tongan princes, photographed not long before the Princess’s death.

Royal Palace at Nukualofa. 9

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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“Asbestos House,” York St., SYDNEY Box 3935 V, C.P.0., Sydney) plicity, which made her loved the more by them. In short, she was natui'ally herself.

This was the side of her nature she showed to the people; but of the more serious, very few came into contact with. And to probe the depths of so short but intense a life one needs insight and sympathy to understand and appreciate its full significance. She was self-willed and spirited, and below the soft, demure timidity and equable cheerfulness there were hidden fires of passion which burst forth only on rare occasions especially through the medium of her intimate letters, revealing a soul of lofty conceptions tossed about in a perilous sea of doubts.

And this was the tragedy of her life.

Being brought up among European influences, she inevitably and unconsciously absorbed European ideals and thoughts which, she found out to her sorrow, were incompatible with those of the natives. She became disillusioned; and a time of bitter doubts, as her ideals and illusions were falling, followed. Being young and inexperienced in years, her sensitive heart suffered greatly.

Her first and chief disillusions came through her matrimonial affairs. As a child she was betrothed by her father, King George 11., to a youngchief of very high social standing, son of Finau Ulukalala, direct descendant of the famous Finau, whose complex character Mariner painted so faithfully in his classic “Account of Tonga.”

Custom and the general approval of the people demanded that she should marry this young chief. But she refused, not only because she did not feel it was yet time for her to marry, but also because of the absence of love, which she craved most, as the match was only by arrangement, and this was not in accordance with the romantic conception of her passionate young heart of what love and her courting should be. She felt that such a marriage would only mean unhappiness, for she had nothing in common with the avowed lover; she knew that the natural growth of her individualism and freedom, so essential to the life of the human soul, would be stunned and crushed out by a loveless match.

There were other suitors, all young chiefs, but none aroused her love and she only had passing interest in them.

Both the chiefs and the people urged that she be mari’ied to one of these young chiefs, but she chose to remain single, rather than marry without love.

No one suspected the struggle that was raging in the young pinncess’s heart.

Perhaps there was someone she loved, but no one knew; and if there was such a love, it would remain a secret forever buried in her heart.

At this crisis of her life she became listless and seemed to have lost all interest in life, and she bad moments of melancholy brooding, so unusual in the life of one so lovely and young in years.

Her beauty became more ethereal and her dark, dreamy eyes more haunting.

And although many did surround her, yet one felt that she was lonely, a solitary soul passing through life without a companion to whom her secrets and innermost thoughts could be confided.

In short, no one understood her.

No doubt this contributed much to the illness which brought about her untimely death. But at last her idealistic spirit has the foolish bounds of custom and conventions, still undaunted and victorious. She had asserted her individualism and the freedom of her soul to the last, and one cannot but sympathise with her. Had she been born an ordinary commoner, she would perhaps have enjoyed the real happiness and joy that spring froxn the companionship of two congenial souls, fostered by the spirit of true natural love, sympathy and understanding. But such are the little ironies of life, and her short life was like a beautiful dream that flashed into one’s vision and then fades away, leaving only a sweet aftermath, so refreshing in a world that has grown old and soiled.

So her remains were conveyed back to Tonga on April 27, the day on which she expected to return, arriving there on May 10. She lay in state for two nights, while the old custom of mourning took place. The scene at the Royal Palace on those two nights was like a page out of the Arabian Nights. They were typical tropical nights, warm, calm and clear and the atmosphere was touched with a haunting sadness, poignant but beautiful. A few tufts of clouds, like silver islets, hung motionless against a moonlit sky. Hundreds of lanterns flickered from dusk till dawn around the wall of the Royal compound, while native torches tended by the hundreds of people who sat around the walls also lent magic to the scene.

Not a sound was heard except the sighing of the breeze in the toa trees (casuarina), the beat of the surf and the changing of the guards. Nature joined with these children of the dawn and sunset in paying respect to their beautiful young princess, for she put on her loveliest garb on those nights.

On the 12th, her funeral took place among much sorrow and grief, and she was laid at rest at Mala’ekula, the Royal Tombs, among her ancestors.

The dawn will And her no more, nor the breeze fan her lovely face again, and the low whisper of the surf, which she loved so well, will not reach her appreciative ears; for she has gone to that beautiful island beyond the sunset, Bulotu, where only the spirits of the good and the beautiful go.

Torres Strait

SARDINES Reorganisation of Industry.

THE depression has paralysed the sardine-curing industry, which had started very promisingly on Murray Island, in Torres Strait, and to which references were made in this journal last year.

Enormous quantities of sardines of good quality are available in these waters; and an enterprising company (Murray Island Fisheries Ltd., of 270 Queen Street, Brisbane) launched the industry. For some time, there was a. satisfactory market in Java. The sardines were merely sundried and salted, for the consumption of the natives in Java, more particularly coolie labour.

But, in the past year, this market disappeared. It was not so much a question of price—the Australian exporters, shipping to a gold-standard country, received a substantial exchange premium—as of the inability of the Dutch people in Java to employ and feed native labour. There has been a grave shrinkage in East Indies primary production, as a result of the depression.

Murray Fisheries Ltd. is now reorganising its plant and organisation, so as to undertake the canning of the sardines for European consumption; and they will be placed on the market early next yeax\ The industry, on the new basis, should have a good record. 10 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

ALFRED J.

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Sea Transport In

SAMOA.

Charge That Inter-Island Voyagers Take Undue Risks.

By Marc T. Greene.

THERE is a tradition, and a wellfounded one, that human life at sea is safer under the British flag than under any ether. Though an American by nationality, I subscribe wholeheartedly to this tradition, and whenever or wherever I find it disregarded I make such protest as may be.

The substantial foundation of this tradition is the soundness and the comprehensiveness of the British Board of Trade regulations, and these have been the standard of the world for a hundred years and more. Yet here in Western Samoa they are being violated, and the British tradition of safety at sea disregarded, to an extent that I have never found in any port under the British flag.

The trip from here to Pago Pago, though less than a hundred miles in distance, can be and frequently is a very strenuous one. It is made in the teeth of the trade wind, and the sea between the islands of Upolu and Tutuila is often rough. Yet, with the single exception of the Burns, Philp boat “Makoa,” the craft making it are hardly larger than launches. As such they are able enough, but even in ordinary weather the discomfort of the people compelled to make the trip just about passes description. In weather outside the ordinary their safety is often in question. This is especially so in the case of a small launch flying the American flag, and owned in Pago Pago. This craft often leaves Apia laden almost to the gunwales.

Another case requiring attention is a boat operated by a Chinese-Samoan named Ah Mu, which runs from an Upolu village across to one on Savaii.

The worst sea tragedy to happen here since the gale of 1889 was the overturning of a former boat operated by this person, and the drowning of thirty people, including a New Zealand official. Yet the Administration is permitting this man to run a small craft on the same route. The other day when, as it chanced, I was among the twenty passengers overcrowding the little craft (which draws but thirty inches of water and is flat-bottomed) the engine “backfired” after coughing, spluttering and snarling its way along for a couple of hours like a stubborn camel. The engine immediately blazed up, and since the craft was without a fire extinguisher or any other means of fighting a fire, even a common pail, we all had an exceedingly narrow escape. Nor had the boat either a tender, life-raft or anything but a few life-preservers. Yet the Administration has licensed it to carry twenty passengers in unprotected water.

It is such instances as these that go f a r to justify the Samoans in their distrust and dislike of New Zealand rule, One hears from natives and Europeans alike the accusation that the minor officials are merely “holding down their chairs and drawing their salaries.”

There are exceptions, of course, but it appears to be time the New Zealand regime “snapped out of it,” as it would no t inadequately be summed up in America.

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Where Britain Is Losing Prestige

France Taking Possession of New Hebrides, at Australia’s Front Door.

Written for the “Pacific Islands Monthly,” by a New Hebrides Planter.

ALTHOUGH this last hurricane (April 7/8, 1933) was of longer duration, the velocity of the wind was not so great as that of February 23, 1932, when every building on this place was flattened and smashed. On this occasion some of the new buildings stood up, so at least we had a shelter, but after the 1932 “blow” we had not even that. Of course ail the thatched-roof buildings again went west, including our temporary dwelling house.

Just before midnight on April 7, the house started to rock dangerously, so my wife and I decided to rush for the New Kitchen budding, where we sheltered until daylight, and when we looked out the house was flat. I then got to work with the labour, putting more sand bags on the verandahs of the new store building, which fortunately stood up and in which we are now domiciled.

This last hurricane, coming as it did, before we, or the coconut palms, had had time to recover from the ravages of the previous one, has had the effect of making us wonder how we can carry on, with no hope of assistance in any shape or form.

We, who are under the British flag in this group, have given up hope of any governmental assistance in any way, as has been meted out to our French neighbours, so it is just a case of trying to hang on until things grow again.

There has been a lot written lately about the administration of different groups of islands; but if New Hebrides is a fair sample of British administration, then the sooner the islands are handed over to some European Power which might take an interest in the development and settlement of them, the better for all concerned.

To maintain a staff of officials in the New Hebrides must cost the admittedly impoverished Exchequer of Great Britain quite a tidy sum. For all the assistance they give to the few British settlers left in this group, that sum could quite easily be saved and spent on a more worthy cause. However, it is plain to see that Britain is not interested in the development of this group, otherwise she would not sit idly by and see this rich territory drift slowly, but surely, into the complete control of the French.

But what about Australia and her numerous politicians? Are they too busy inside, petty quarrelling and jobseeking, to heed the knocking at the front door of their richest coastline?

Surely they are not blind to the evidence of recent happenings and must know that some Asiatics will find an outlet for their teeming millions ere long. Yet Australians seem content to squabble away inside, among their groups of politicians. They may have tacked up their windows, but they seem content to leave their doors wide open to any burglar that happens along.

As far as the Commonwealth land claims in this group go, I cOuld not do better than refer to the splendid article printed in the “P.1.M.” of 26/l/’32, which is accurate and to the point, and should have the effect of waking up some one in authority to the fact that such a place as New Hebrides does exist, and that it is too near Australia’s front door to be ignored.

Britain is certainly losing prestige and ground by misadministration in this group, as is proven by the migration of British residents. The disabilities under which British residents suffer are many —in fact, so many, that in most cases where they have been able to sell out to French interests, they have done so, and got out. This, in itself, speaks volumes against British Administration in this group.

If a job is worth doing at all, surely it is worth doing well.

NATIVE COPRA.

New System In N. Ireland.

From Our Otcn Correiponient. - KAVIENG, Sept. 20.

THE German steamer “Friedrun” lifted about 600 bags of native copra, shipped for the natives by Mr. T.

Gordon as their agent.

Since Mr. Gordon started acting a& agent for the natives, very little copra has been bought by plantation ownersor traders on the east coast. It seems strange that Messrs. Burns, Philp and W. R. Carpenter are allowing the “Friedrun” to have practically a shipping monopoly of the trade copra on the east coast. Probably they prefer to leave their planters and traders to eventually win back the native trade rathejr than foster the Agency system, with its disadvantages.

NORFOLK ISLAND TRADE.

PACIFIC CURIOS.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Editor of the “Pacific Islands Monthly” has been asked by Overseas Museums for Introductions to Sellers of Old Specimens of Pacific Islands Native Arts and Crafts, for Museum Use.

It is emphasised that no Spears, Bows and Arrows, or “Junk” of any description will be considered only first-class pieces. ,of undoubted authenticity.

An English Museum asks particularly to be “put in touch with any old traders who might wish to realise on genuine old Curios collected in the South Seas.”

Write, in first place, to THE EDITOR,

“Pacific Islands Monthly,’"

P.O. BOX 3408 R, SYDNEY, giving full details.

Letters will be sorted out and, where desirable, sent to the Museums interested, and the latter will be asked to write direct to the persons concerned.

SAMUEL RUSSELL, ESTATE AND GENERAL AGENT, P.O. Box 64, Papeete, Tahiti.

Real Eatate. Investments. Estate management and administration. Valuations and Reports Houses and Lands for Lease or Sale.

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Fighting Spirit In

SAMOA.

Too Many Fouls Spoil International Boxing Match. (From a Special Correspondent.) PAGO PAGO, Sept. 30.

PADDY RYAN’S squad of fighters, made up of natives of the Islands comprising American Samoa, went down to defeat at the hands and gloves of the native boys from Western (or British) Samoa at an eight-bout smoker held at Pago Pago on the night of September 9.

Paddy’s boys took only two bouts — one of the preliminaries, which was awarded them on a foul, and the semifinal, which was stopped by the referee in the first round and awarded to the Pago Pago boy, who was slaughtering his opponent in an uneven match.

If alibis are in order, they are these: The Western boys had the ~edge in experience, having been in the game for three years, while Paddy’s men have been training for only one year. Their lack of experience worked against them and made it easy for the British Samoans who, for the most part, showed up best in everything but the fighting spirit, to garner one knock-out, two technical K.O.’s, and two decisions.

That accounts for the six preliminaries and the semi-final. The final also went to the men from Western Samoa, when the swaggering McClusky, of Fagatogo, Tutuila, forgot himself and reverted to the ‘Fa’a Samoan” method of fighting during- his bout with Motu, of British Samoa.

Twice during the first minute of the scheduled six-round final, McClusky fouled his opponent, knocking him to the canvas and then hammering his head with vicious blows from both hands while he was still on the mat. After the second foul, the referee stopped* the bout and awarded it to Motu.

This final bout showed up with emphasis what was evident during most of the bouts of the evening: The Tutuila squad has not been properly impressed with the necessity for observing the rules of the game, and this has displayed them in a bad light and added many points against them whenever they have been matched with clean fighters.

This statement is in no way meant as a criticism of Paddy Ryan, their trainer, but as a comment on the slackness of the judges and referees of the bouts which have been promoted in Tutuila during the past year. At every smoker held during this time, there have been evident dozens of fouls, which should have been the cause for stopping the fight and awarding it to the injured contestant.

Although the British Samoans were far from blameless when it came to the fouling, they were comparatively clean, and as this was not a local affair but an International Smoker, the officials were forced to score many points against the Tutuila men, not only because they were, in most cases, badly out-classed but also because of their many fouls. The judges for the evening were: Lieut. L. A. Williams (S.C.), U.S.N., Mr. Lofley, of Apia, Western Samoa, and Mr. Ernest Reid, one of the local merchants.

“Tex” Rickard, CPhM, refereed the five bouts and “Speed" Jackson, Seaman 1/c, was the third man in the r i r o during- the remaining events T E.An.ith, A!m2/c! keT = t.me“‘n til rounds and H. Fraser COM tolled the count on tha knock-downs Since ■' Red '’ Male J’. CBM, tha leather-lunged chief announcer cannot as yet speak good Samoan, he was assisted by Mr. Charles Reid, another local merchant, who translated the announcements for the benefit of the many Samoan spectators.

Photograph taken during one of the bouts. 13

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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It is incredible that Australia, in view of her anxieties relating to defence, should permit her interests in New Hebrides to go by default.

Surely, someone will start an agitation for an examination of the whole position, so that at least a helping hand can be extended to the remnant of British planters remaining in the Condominium.

Someone, as a first step, should insist on the exhumation and consideration of the New Hebrides Commission’s report; and, as a second step, should remind Australia of the value of New Hebrides in a plan of defence. Finally, Australia’s politicians —who to-day are running around shrieking excitedly about the menace in the Pacific should be asked whether they are satisfied to leave wholly to France the responsibility of guarding this important section of Australia’s defences.

ABOUT ISLANDS PEOPLE.

Brother Macarius, a member of the Marist Order of Missionaries in Fiji, who had resided in Fiji for nearly 35 years, died in Suva on September 4 after a long illness. Born in France in 1866, he went to Australia and received his training at the Marist Brothers’

College, Sydney. He went to Apia, Samoa, as a teacher, and later was transferred to New Zealand. In 1899, he was appointed teacher at the Marist Brothers’ School at Naililili, Fiji, and was for some time at Cawaci, and, later, at the Marist Brothers’ Indian School, Suva.

Mr. Percy Thomas, one of Fiji’s early pioneers, died at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, on September 22 at the age of 70. He came to Levuka, Fiji, from Tasmania in 1871, and later managed his father’s cattle station at Nanuku. He entered the service of the Union Steam Ship Co., Ltd., and was employed on the “Tofua,” which, at that time, maintained communication with Tonga and Samoa. He retired from the Union Steam Ship Co. last year owing to illness.

Dr. H. W. Jack, M.8.E., D.Sc., 8.A., of the Department of Agriculture, Malaya, has been appointed Director of Agriculture of the Colony of Fiji. He will arrive in Fiji about June, 1934. Mr.

A C. Barnes, who formerly occupied that position, has been transferred to Jamaica, Mr, R. S. Thacker, Chief Justice of St. Vincent. Windward Is., British West Indies, has been appointed Attorney- General of Fiji, and will arrive in Suva during December next. The former Attorney-General, Mr. C. G. Howell, has been transferred to the Federated Malay States.

Rev. J. W. Burton, general secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australia, left Sydney by the “Macdhui’ for New Guinea and Papua on October 12. He is on a visit of inspection to the Society’s mission stations in both Territories.

Miss L. Lawrence, missionary worker among the Indians in Fiji, who is in Sydney on sick leave, has sufficiently recovered to return to duty. She will leave Sydney for her station at Nausori, Fiji, about the end of October.

Mr. T. B. Strong, formerly Director of Education in New Zealand, arrived in Suva, Fiji, on an official visit on September 22. He will inspect the pupils of the Suva Grammar School and the Levuka Public School, and also examine the work of all New Zealand teachers in the Colony.

Mrs. T. Davidson, of Suva, Fiji, who was an old and highly respected resident of the Colony, died on September 16, at the age of 83. Mrs. Davidson came to Fiji as housekeeper to Sir G.

W. Des Voeux, Governor of Fiji, from 1870 to 188'4, and had many interesting experiences in the early days of the Colony.

Mr. P. F. Boyd, Postmaster-General of Fiji, returned to the Colony on September 28 by the “Monowai.” He had been on furlough in England.

Right Rev. W. H. Baddeley, D. 5.0., M.C., M.A., Bishop of Melanesia, returned to the Solomon Islands by the “Mataram” on September 30.

Mr" J. E. A. Bye, accompanied by his wife, arrived in Suva, Fiji, from England, on September 26. He has been appointed District Commissioner at Labasa.

Mrs. W. Linggood, Methodist missionary in New Britain, arrived in Melbourne by the “Tanda” on September 25. She is on furlough.

Mr. P. C. T. Lord, Inspector of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. in Fiji, arrived in Sydney by the “Monowai” on October 7. He is on a holiday visit.

Messrs. J. B. Donald and H. Hemas, members of the New Zealand firm of A.

B, Donald, Ltd., who had been in Tahiti on one of their periodical tours of inspection, returned to New Zealand in September on the s.s. “Hauraki,” via the Cook Islands.

Mr. A. G. Smyth, who was recently in Australia with Mrs. Smyth, on furlough, has resigned his position as manager of Messrs. Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd., in Apia, Samoa. He has been succeeded by Mr.

G.* S. Chisholm, lately of Levuka.

Hon. E. G. Theodore, formerly Federal Treasurer in Australia, will return to Fiji to look after his interests in the goldfield at Tavua, on the north coast.

He has secured on behalf of his syndicate an adjoining property.

Mons. Salel, Assistant Governor of the Condominium of New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney from Europe by the “Eridan” on October 12. He returned to the New Hebrides by the “Laperouse” on October 19. 14 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

New Hebrides and Australia’s Defence. (Continued from page 6.)

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Gilbert And Ellice

COLONY Mr. J. C. Barley Is New Resident Commissioner.

MR. J. C. BARLEY, who has been First District Officer in the Solomon Islands Administration for some years, and who recently acted for a year as Resident Commissioner there, has been appointed to the position of Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Is. Colony, and already has departed for the Colony’s headquarters at Ocean Island.

Mr. and Mrs. Barley were on furlough in Australia when they received notice of the appointment, with the request that they proceed to Ocean Island as quickly as possible. They caught the “Mariposa” from Sydney to Suva on October 18, and then went on from Fiji to Ocean Island by the Gilbert and Ellice Is. Administration’s yacht “Nimanoa,” which met them at Suva.

Mr. Barley entered the service of the High Commission of the Western Pacific as a cadet, as soon as he left Oxford in 1911. He went to the Solomon Islands shortly afterwards and —except for 18 months when he was seconded for service in Fiji—he has been in the Solomon Islands ever since, a period of 21 years.

Mr. Barley, therefore, is very well known throughout the Central Pacific and is highly esteemed by officials and residents alike.

Mr. Barley was married only four months ago to a Queensland girl. Mrs.

Barley will have an opportunity, such as falls to the lot of few young women, of making close acquaintance with some of the less known and most interesting groups in the Pacific.

MR. GRIMBLE FOR WEST INDIES.

Mr. A. F. Grimble, M.A., F.R.A.1., who had been Resident Commissioner in the Gilbert and Ellice Is. Colony for several years, has been appointed Administrator of St. Vincent, in the West Indies, which is part of the Windward Islands Administration. Mr. Grimble went first to the Gilbert and Ellice Is. as a cadet in 1914, after graduating from Cambridge University, and he has a very creditable record of service in the Central Pacific.

His health, however, has been very unsatisfactory in recent years, and it was finally decided to transfer him to a territory with a less trying climate. He sailed from London directly for the West Indies some time ago.

FATAL ACCIDENT IN SAMOA.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Sept. 26.

A fatal accident took place on September 12th at the N.Z.R.E. plantation drier at Tuanaimato.

The son of the manager (Mr. R, Olt), L. R. Olt, 21, when working at the drier, went near a box of blasting powder kept for plantation use in a small room attached to the drier. The powder, through an unknown cause, suddenly exploded, and the unfortunate youth was severely burnt by the flames. Though sent to Apia hospital for immediate treatment, the severe burns extending over the face and body of the young man, proved fatal.

Another fatal accident occurred at Faleula village, when a native Samoan, Yoane, returning from a pigeon hunting trip, placed his .22 rifle inside the house, and omitted to remove the cartridge. His 8-years-old son, lifting the rifle to take it to his father, touched the trigger, and the cartridge exploded.

The bullet struck the father in the breast, piercing the lungs and causing almost immediate death.

RIVAL CREEDS. [Letter to the Editor ] On one island here in the Solomons there are no less than four representatives of religions vying with each other for the salvation of the heathen; and in some instances, “hymns of hate,” do not adequately describe the relationship between them.

The other day a representative of one denomination visited one of another, and was greeted on the doorstep with the words: ‘You’re a fool!” ‘‘Thank you!’’ said the visitor, graciously. ‘‘You come here, poaching on our preserves and trying to take away our converts! ”

“Oh, no, I don’t,” said the visitor.

“You’re a liar!” shouted the inhospitable one.

Upon which the visitor strategetically retired, without the loss of a man.

Just what the “converted heathen” thinks of the whole sorry business would probably be best illustrated if they started in to eat each other.

I am, etc., Tulagi, 4/8/33.

NEMO. 15

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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DRUMS OF MER.

Idriess’s New Book About Torres Islands. lON IDRIESS, whose extraordinary faculty for clothing historical fact with the delightful trappings of romance has established a new school of Australian literature, gives us a new book, “The Drums of Mer.”

The book introduces us to the Torres Strait Islands —a fascinating part of Australia whose existence hitherto was not suspected by one in a thousand.

Between Cape York and the coast of New Guinea, there are scores of coralline and volcanic islands, very beautiful, fertile and fruitful; and here, for a thousand y'ears, there flourished a race of splendid savages, with a kind of civilisation of rheir own. They were mighty sailors and fighters; they were craftsmen of extraordinary skill, as was shown in their houses and weapons, and their huge sailing-canoes; and they were successful agriculturists.

They were not ordinary savages.

Some of their chiefs and high-priests were men of remarkable personality and ability. Life on those rich islands was easy, and so the islanders, having much leisure between fighting and voyaging, developed priestcraft, secret societies and tribal ceremonies of a very striking character. Some oi their practices were extremely horrible; but they certainly did commend an efficient social order, and produce magnificent fighting men.

Torres Islanders were not affected by the European migration until comparatively recent times. The first ships lost in Australian waters, 300 and 400 years ago, were cast away in Torres Strait; and it is well-known that many Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English relics have been found there, and that some of the islanders display European characteristics, the result of lost sailors having intermarried with the tribes. Yet, until late in last century, life went on in the big islands of Mer (Murray) and Eroob (Warnley), Tutu (Warrior) and Ugar (Stephens) as it had done for a thousand years.

Magnificent chieftains held sway; grim conquerors led well-drilled legions to the subjection of neighbouring tribes; head-hunting proceeded in a spirit of relentless savagery; gangs of painted priests swept into the villages at midnight, to seize and carry off a selected number of screaming virgins to /indescribable sacrifices. Then came the European seekers of pearl-shell, in increasing numbers; and the Christian missionaries; and in a decade or two the Torres islanders’ institutions had gone, for ever. They became peaceable, harmless beach-dwellers, and regular church-goers. The terrifying “drums of Mer,” which once summoned the priestly orders and eager initiates to portentous conference or cruel rite, were heard no more.

That is the story that Mr. Idriess tells, in his inimitable fashion the magnificence of the Torres Islanders’ exploits; the cunning and cleverness of their dreaded priesthood, and the horror and cruelty of their human sacrifices; their fear and hatred of the whites; and, finally, the collapse of their social structure. Mr. Idriess, in the telling of his story, displays sheer genius. There is something here for the scientist, the historian, the geographer, the beauty-lover and the student of the occult. And. withal, it is a rattling good tale. The author presents to us a white youth and a white girl, cast away among the fascinating savages, and. through their adventures and love-story, we are introduced to a marvellous little world of colour and romance, which existed until quite recently right beside Australia’s front door. A very large proportion of the material that is woven so cleverly- into the story is historically and scientifically correct.

It is one of Mr. Idriess’s best books, incidentally, how does he do it?

Within about two years, we have had five or six books from his tireless pen; and in craftsmanship and literary quality, each one seems to be better than its predecessor. “Drums of Mer” is not only a story, it is an invaluable addition to the historical records of the Pacific Islands, and the work of its compilation must have been immense! There Is a potable forewoid by the Rev. W. H. MacFarlane, who has done famous work as a missionary in the Torres Islands, and as a student of their conditions and history. (“DRUMS OF MER,” by lon L. Idriess. 6/-.

Our copy from Angus & Robertson, Ltd.)

Stayed Half An Hour!

How Tourist Ship Visited Tanna.

From Our Own Correspondent.

TANNA, N.H., Sept. 2.

EXCITEMENT was manifest on the island as the time drew near for the arrival of the tourist steamer “Oronsay” in August. It was the only topic of conversation amongst the natives for days beforehand and nearly every man made tracks for Whitesands and Thursday and Friday, to be there to see the “big fellow steamer” on Saturday morning, August 12. The weather did not seem to be too favourable, and as she came along the coast about 9 a.m., when the wind and weather should have been on their best behaviour, they elected to be the reverse, and so when the ship dropped anchor the Commander said that he had decided not to allow any passengers to land and that he was leavingin half an hour. It was a big disappointment; as everyone had gathered to do honour to the visitors and at least give them the freedom of the island for the remainder of the day.

We certainly anticipated seeing tracks of our visitors from the beach to the volcano, but even this was denied us. We hope that next time a tourist steamer pays us a visit that she will be attended with better luck than on this occasion.

At least, luck enough to allow the visitors to set foot ashore and inspect the volcano and surroundings at close quarters instead of only viewing the smoke, coming from the crater, from the deck of the ship.

One of our launches was slightly damaged by the “Oronsay’s” propeller as she made her departure.

COPRA’S LOW PRICE.

Copra remains at a very low price. The last visiting steamer paid £5/5/- per ton in bags and since then the market has again weakened. The cheery philanthropic traders still pay £5 per ton in bulk to the natives and keep on smiling.

NEW TRADER NEAR LENAKEL.

A French trader has gone so far as to have a grass house erected about twelve miles from Lenakel, along the North Coast, leaving a native in charge of affairs with a few bags of rice. Later his representative arrived and seemingly settled down to business.

MISSIONARIES.

Our successor to Doctor Legros-Didier has not arrived yet; neither has the Resident Catholic Missionary. The former is expected next month but the latter, although house and chapel are completed, seems not to have definitely fixed any date for his arrival. 16 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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How Cook Islands Became British

Memorable Incident of a Home-made Flag.

An interesting account of how the Cook Islands became British Territory has been written for us by Mr. Charles James Ward, a resident of Rarotonga. Mr. Ward, who is aged 78, settled in the Cook Islands 50 years ago, and is now the European claiming longest residence. He had charge of the cotton ginnery there at first; but when the British built the great irrigation works on the Nile, and thus inaugurated the Egyptian cotton industry, the growing of cotton on Rarotonga, and other South Seas islands, quickly collapsed. Mr. Ward has had many remarkable experiences in the Cook group. Here is his story of the hoisting of the Union Jack in 1890.

Iliad a sterling friend in Captain Elliott, of the schooner “Nassau,” a ship which belonged to a firm with its headquarters at Papeete.

It was the custom of the “Nassau” to run down to the Cook Islands, between the months of March and November, to pick up cotton. Towards the end of November the schooner would make tracks for Tahiti (usually via Borabora, Captain Elliot’s home island) so as not to be caught in the hurricane season.

In November, 1889, Captain Elliot thus departed from Rarotonga, carrying with him our good wishes to see his sturdy frame again in the following March or April.

Meantime, our small community of Europeans—about 6 all told—followed their regular social habit of meeting jach evening at a house at Avatiu, owned by Mr. Henry Nicholas. This house became known as the “Club”.

With the | month of April, ] 1890, arrived the welcome sails of the “Nassau”.

The skipper dropped anchor off the island, came ashore and joined us at Mr.

Nicholas’ house.

It was a Sunday.

Captain Elliot walked breezily into our midst and made a startling announcement. He said: “Do you fellows want to become French?”

Someone asked: “What are you getting at, skipper?”

Captain Elliot replied: “A French man-o-war is on her way down here, and if you fellows want to remain British you had better get busy pretty quickly.”

None of us had anything but the very warmest regard for our friends of the Tricolour: but if an issue of nationality was to be forced upon us we felt, naturally, that we ought to do all in our power to get the islands under the British flag.

This was not so easily don© as one might imagine. It was a delicate business; but the outcome proved that the relations of the early pioneers with the native people were such as to cause them unanimously to cede the islands to Britain without protest.

The island of Rarotonga was ruled by the native chiefs; each controlling the affairs of his own settlement. A British Consul had been appointed at Rarotonga but he was connected, more or less, with a business firm.

Of the native Arikis, Makea Takau, who resided at Avarua, the main village, was the most outstanding. Makea Takau was known as “Queen Makea.”

She was well advanced in years.

We placed the position before Queen Makea and enquired what she considered the best to be done in the circumstances. She hesitated for some time.

Yet a choice had to be made and made quickly, for Captain Elliot’s report was reliable.

Makea Takau eventually took her decision and informed us that she herself would unfurl the British flag; but not until the French man-o-war actually appeared.

She kept her word.

We returned to our club-house and formed a council of action. Rarotonga was secure; but what of the other islands, of which there were about a dozen —the nearest about 120 miles away. My idea was that Captain Elliot should proceed forthwith to the other islands, acquaint the people with what was doing at Rarotonga, and leave a flag at each island.

To our dismay, the British Consul could produce only two flags. My suggestion was that we should send one Mr. Ward. 17

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

kJ A rrrm

The I>Eaiuji\« Industry

AT KltO(»3IE. W.A.

Broome is situated on Roebuck Bay, 13< c 6 miles north-west of Penh and is the main centre of Western Aus:ralian pearl fishing.

This important industry is the principal support of the 3,000 people residing in the town.

The Broome Branch of the Bank of New South Wales provides a complete banking service at this outpost of Australia's trade.

Financial assistance is available to those engaged in pearl-fishing, and the Bank undertakes the responsibility of safeguarding the pearls. Credits are established at Broome for oversea buyers who come from all parts of the world. Pearl shell and pearls which are sold abroad are financed by the Broome Branch of the Bank.

Bank of New South Wales (ESTABLISHED 1817) with which the W'estern Australian Bank and The Australian Bank of Commerce Ltd. are amalgamated.

Over 700 Branches in Australia and elsewhere. of these flags to Mangaia and the other to Aitutaki—the two main islands—and take pot-luck that the warship would not visit any of the other islands. I was bold enough to assert that we at Rarotonga could make our own Union Jack.

This plan went; and that same Sunday night the “Nassau’’ disappeared in the direction of Mangaia.

Scores of times I had folded the flag aboard ship, but never had I been faced with the job of manufacturing one.

Still, the position had to be met, and it was to me that the community now looked to produce a Union Jack.

We went to one of the stores and took from the shelves several rolls of material—calico, blue muslin and some red material. I cut out a blue background about 5 feet square, shaped the crosses and set the pieces into place.

With the aid of a sewing machine, Miss Nicholas stitched the pieces together. The job was finished sometime during that Sunday night.

It is now so long ago that I am unable to recollect with certainty whether we went along to Queen Makea that same night or early the following morning. At any rate, we wasted no time, and on Monday the flag was at the mast-head, folded in correct inane-war style. The site of the flag-pole may still be seen near the present day Royal Hall.

Then we awaited events.

Monday passed with no sign of the French boat. Tuesday came and, if my memory serves me right, it was on the Tuesday that the warship appeared on the skyline. As the man-o-war drew near the Island, Queen Makea pulled the lanyard and my home-made flag fluttered in the breeze.

The warship slewed round and steamed away in the direction of Mangaia. The “Nassau” had reached Mangaia in time and, when the commander of the French vessel saw the Union Jack flying at that island, he appears to have returned direct to Tahiti, without bothering about the other islands.

The lot of the Cook Islands people was now cast with Britain. The unruffled harmony that has since existed between the Europeans here and the native race is testimony that the step so taken has never been regretted.

For my part, when I trace back over the fifty years of my life in the Cook Islands, and note the benefits that have come to these islands at the hands of Government, I am proud of my countrymen.

The New Zealand Government, when it took over the administration of the Group, very generously lifted the weight of island development from the shoulders of private enterprise. Education, medical services and sanitation have followed and in my humble estimate the islands have been liberally treated by New Zealand and wisely administered.

Conditions to-day are vastly different from what they were when I came to Rarotonga nearly 50 years ago.

N.G. PLANTERS’

GRIEVANCES.

Letter to the Editor.

WHEN the new Legislative Council was elected much was said and asked as to what benefits it would perform and whether in the face of many difficulties such as “red tape” and the whims of granny League of Nations, anything much would be accomplished. The surmise was that the unofficial members would be to a certain extent muzzled by the official members. That is vet to be seen.

Whatever the position, most of us hoped to see something in the way of more Public Works. But the first move by unofficial members in Council was to start raising salaries. This has met with some severe criticism. We should certainly like to hear some reasons for such a move in these times, with copra under £lO London and likely to go down further.

If members had moved for reductions, as in other parts, and at the same time conforming with commercial, mining, planting and other interests, where wages and salaries have been drastically reduced, they would be doing some benefit to the Territory. Certainly, the Territory shows a surplus; but taxes are not levied to pay high salaries only.

It must be agreed that the Government official, despite his many discomforts, is receiving a salary that is generous, compared with earnings of men in nonsheltered jobs How many planters, and others, with large sums sunk in business in the Territory, have been failing to make even the salary of a junior clerk —and no holidays at all, and none in view?

The Territory now draws the major portion of its revenue from its goldfields. Those fields are wasting assets and qualified men give them a life of fifteen years—some go as low as ten years, for the bigger fields to cut out.

The Government has to prepare for that time. The present outlook for copra grows worse.

What of this iniquitous education tax?

It suffered a change of name, but it still remains the same and is still the shilling per month on labour. Why should Missions, which are nothing but tradingconcerns, be free from the tax? Why does the Government give orders that everything possible be done for the Missions? Are they the main support of the Territory? What about something being done for the many other concerns that spend large sums here in the advancement of the Territory, instead of placing so many obstacles in their way?

There are many grievances to be remedied before you start raising salaries, Mr. Legislative Councillor!

With the advent of our present Administrator, the majority of us view the Council as being more or less superfluous. We must certainly compliment General Griffiths on the vast and beneficial improvement he has brought about since his arrival, and in face of the present depressed general conditions — an improvement in more ways than one, long- since wanted and not before time.

I am, etc..

PLANTER.

Madang', 16/9/’33. 18 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Problem Of Saving Primitive Races

Lessons Derived From Study of Culture-Contact In New Ireland.

TO anyone who is interested in problems of native administration in the Pacific —more particularly in the Australian territories and the other parts of Melanesia —and the part that may be played by anthropological investigations and research in the solution of those problems and in native affairs generally, a careful perusal of the recent “Report on Field-work in New Ireland” of Mr.

William C. Groves, is heartily recommended.

A copy of this work, in reprint form has just been received by the writer; it was published originally in “Oceania” for March of this year. The author spent a period of about 10 months, during 1932- 33, in the village of Fisoa and its environs, his purpose being to study the results observable in the social organisation and native culture to-day of the impact upon native life of European and other modifying influences and agencies.

The research work was not motivated by a purely academic interest. For, as the concluding section of the report shows, certain very practical recommendations are made, based on the conclusions arrived at by the author. The data upon which these conclusions are based, as well as the method upon which the research work proceeded, are presented in summarized form, in the first portion of the report. Full acknowledgement is made to residents and officials for help received.

STARTING with the assumption that the interests of the natives and those of European settlers are not inconsistent, and that in the all-embracing problem of reconciling these two sets of interests some form of native “education” must play a large part, the report points out that — “The ultimate aim of the research proposed under the Fellowship was to arrive at some scientifically-established conclusions as to the place, nature and scope of education, conceived as an instrument of social adjustment, amongst the native people concerned. It was hoped that, as a result of such research, it might be possible to establish principles valid in their relation to the particular group being studied, that might be found to have wider application in such territories and amongst such people as are represented in Melanesia to-day.

Discussing the problem of cultural reconciliation in general, the report proceeds: “Native institutions and primitive society imperatively demand preservation, while European commercial and industrial enterprises equally imperatively demand protection. While the native on his part has willingly adopted European ideas and materials, modifying his former culture-pattern to accord with the introduced ideas to such an extent that he has now become largely dependent for his livelihood on the existence of European enterprises and for his social stability on European governments and religious institutions, the European, on his part, finds economic development quite impossible except through the willing agency of the native. Such, in bare skeleton, is a summary of the position to-day.”

WITH regard to the response of native people to the approach of the anthropologist (referred to as “the ethnographer”), the author points out how, with increasing use of the native vernacular (and he, perhaps too modestly, disclaims any but a fragmentary knowledge of the language of Fisoa) “one finds oneself becoming more and more en rapport with the people, attuning one's mind to their mental key, learning to appreciate something of the nature of the native and his outlook, and to understand the functioning and interrelation of the various aspects of his culture; in short, to see the way of his life.”

“The writer believes,” the report proceeds, “that the association of a European with ethnographic work amongst such people gives him a unique position in their minds, and one that, by the circumscribed nature of the work of each, is not possible to the government district official (associated in the native’s mind with courts and tax-gathering) or to the missionary.” Such a unique relation of understanding that begets mutual confidence, the author claims, is possible without any show of sentimentality on the part of the European concerned. It is certainly not inconsistent, with the maintenance of personal dignity and socalled “white man’s prestige.”

The practical suggestion that arises from this fact is that any new social or educational enterprise to be instituted amongst such native people—whether vocational, craftwork, agricultural or ordinary schooling—can be fully successful only when its European agents (teachers, doctors, agriculture instructors, and such) have the necessary training in the principles of anthropology; that is, when the enterprise is placed under anthropological direction or subject in its early stages to anthropological guidance.

TO the ordinary man, the most interesting section of the publication is that devoted to an outline of the history and effects of European cultural infiltration.

This section was built up by means of case-histories, lives and experiences of individual natives representing the old culture and the new.

Such types are met with as “bearded Balasam,” a friendly old fellow who once —long, long ago —ventured as far afield as Sydney, an event which he remembers vividly and which gave him facility in the use of such English touches as “Yu like some beer, Charley?” 19

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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“Cases” are given, too, of “disillusioned” young adult males of the village, the group that is reacting most noticeably to the culture contact. “These have all grown to manhood under the influence of European contact. They appear to be living through a period of disquiet, which expresses itself here in an attitude of patient questioning, there is one of complete inertia and fatalism—a ‘maski!’, shoulder-shrugging attitude that is not pleasing to meet.”

DISCUSSING the third group studied, the young folk, Mr. Groves remarks that “These children have been brought into contact from their earliest years with a form of life that is, in all its essentials, alien to the old primitive life. It is these children who present to the educationist (as to the practical anthropologist in native administration) his big problem; for soon it will be too late.”

“These children know little of, and care less for, things of yesterday; they look forward with characteristic childish faith and exuberance to to-morrow.

Theirs is the future: ours the moulding of that future.”

There follows, then—and this is to the scientific mind the most valuable part of the report—a detailed outline .of the nature of the changes that have come about in the primitive culture since the beginning of European contact. One learns, for instance, of the complete breakdown of the old clan system, of the restrictive nature of the law of exogamy (marriage outside one’s own clan), of the fight that is being waged by the natives themselves for the survival of the primitive religion represented by malagan; that sorcery is no longer, except clandestinely, practised; that the former system of inducting youths into full citizenship—a ceremony associated with malagan procedure—no longer operates.

“And so,” says the author, in summary, “the account might be continued through every aspect of the former culture, revealing ultimately a society divided in its allegiance to the things of the past, and quite uncertain of —nor much caring about—the future; a society sick and dispirited; a society which, accustomed as it is to being buffeted about by various agencies, is prepared in a spirit of fatalistic resignation, uncomplainingly to follow any path pointed out; uncomplainingly, but with no impulse of interest —only complete apathy.”

And, as the writer explains in a footnote, he does not belong to the school of anthropologists that expresses academic resentment at the disappearance of the primitive. Such an attitude is merely beating the air. He sees and knows that the primitive is even now disappearing and doomed. His concern, as a human being as well as an anthropologist, is what is to be done to ensure the remoulding, on lines that are acceptable to and in the ultimate interest of the new native, of his future —to ensure his economic security, social stability, and religious satisfaction; and, if possible, his personal happiness.

Unlike so many anthropologists, Mr.

Groves takes a most reasonable view of the place of the missionary enterprise in such culture - contact communities, though one gathers that there is room for criticism of an attitude of aggressive proselysization that threatens to destroy the malagan without any idea of what the function of malagan is in the society.

SECTION 3 is given over to “Conclusions and Recommendations.” In view of the imminent breakdown of the old clan system and the irksome nature in the society of to-day of certain of the old tabus and restrictions, a radical ultimate re-organisation of the basis of the social organisation is suggested.

“The inevitable must be realised and accepted. We must turn the faces of the young people towards a new era; train and prepare them to fit into a new cultural background which they themselves, by a process of education, will have helped to evolve. New wants, new faiths, new allegiances, new interests, an entirely new outlook —these and these alone will set the feet of future generations along the road that leads to that individual happiness that is essential nowadays to social welfare and progress.”

What is required for the attainment of this worthy end is an entirely new organisation, one that the natives will look upon, by their participation in its work, as their own, belonging to and existing for them.

The report continues, “It is not enough to leave the rising generation of natives alone with pious hopes that all will be well, that these things will right themselves; not enough to talk airily of “peasant proprietorship” and such shibboleths, to attempt to develop new economic interests and social pursuits against the stone walls of European opposition, missionary single-mindedness and smug official satisfaction. Such words af*e only catch-phrases; such halfhearted attempts at development merely palliatives; sops to European selfesteem, salves to the official conscience.”

Such a new enterprise as that referred to would be, in essence, “educational”, but “not the education of popular conception, of books and schools and blackboards and such impedimenta; but education in its widest possible connotation, as the instrument set up by society for its own preservation; as the machinery of social adjustment. This broad interpretation of the function of education dismisses at the outset the wholly erroneous view that the educational machinery necessary for the special task of social adjustment in primitive communities is the same as that of European society.

“In the planning of the new suggested educational enterprise, the necessity is pointed out of giving full recognition to the basic fact that the natives are essentially villagers; the village is the organised unit of the society; upon the welfare and stability of the village depends the welfare, the very life of the people as a race. It is there, in the village, that the ethos finds expression. And it is there, in the village itself and in relation to its activities, that all rightly-conceived educational efforts must operate; towards the enrichment of village life and the adjustment of the culture to changing conditions due to contact, educational policy must be directed.”

A MORE detailed idea of the nature of such an enterprise is given, as well as a suggestion that an inexpensive experiment on the lines indicated be tried out in New Ireland.

“The fact must be stressed,” says the author, “that to proceed to ‘educate’ such recently primitive, culture - contact natives with the popular idea that the school as we Europeans know it is the sole or right educational medium or piece of machinery, is not only a disastrously wrong method of approach to the very delicate problem; it is, in the light of the experience of thoughtful people in the past, tragic and burlesque.”

These terms, strong enough, are not too strong to give full expression to the writer’s attitude in this connection. “It makes education as a social force appear unscientific and ridiculous; it is largely responsible for that air of tolerant scorn that' has in the past frequently been the public attitude to a conscientious teacher working among natives.”

OF the need for selection of suitable Europeans for engagement in such work, the author speaks wisely. “In such an enterprise,” we read, “none but broad-visioned, chivalrously - minded European should find any part. What is required is a combination of the zeal and faith of the missionary with the resources and freedom of action that the individual missionary, by the specifically religious nature of his work and .the limitation of his funds, cannot possibly enjoy.

If only because, for the first time in the Pacific, there are enunciated in its pages, the basic principles upon which native education should function in such a background, and because it gives prominence to the basic idea of concentrating educational effort on the village life of the natives, the report is worthy of serious consideration by every native administration in the Western Pacific that is concerned with the problem of the adjustment of a primitive society to the changes introduced by the impact upon it of alien influences. 20 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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The Pacific Islands Monthly

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INDIAN AGITATORS.

Demand For Common Roll in Fiji.

SOME fears that the Government of Fiji may be inclined to accede in some degree to the ceaseless and insistent demand of the Indian population for “equal status with Europeans” is expressed in a letter which we have received from a well-known resident of Viti Levu.

The position in Fiji, as is well-known, is that the Indian population is now nearly equal in numbers to the Fijians; that the Indians are allowed special representatives (elected on a special roll) in the Legislative Council of Fiji and generally in connection with the Administration; and that the Indians —or rather a small section of them —carry on a constant agitation for what is called the “common roll,” which means that the Indians want the same voting power in Fiji as the Europeans.

There are a score of reasons—ethnographical, social and political— why equal status cannot be granted to the Indian population in any country where there is an Indian and a European population; and it may be taken as quite definite that the principle that has been established in other countries by the British Colonial Office will not be departed from in Fiji.

All over the world, in East and South Africa, in Malaya, and wherever there is an immigrant Indian population, as well as in India itself, the British Administration seeks to give the fullest possible representation in governmental affairs, as well as strict justice, to the Indian people. But for obvious reasons, it is quite impossible to give the “common roll” to the Indians —and educated highcaste Indians are the first to recognise the fact. The trouble comes, not from the mass of Indians, who are quite satisfied with their treatment, but from semi-educated Hindus who appear to make themselves a nuisance, both ta Europeans and to their own countrymen.

Our Fiji correspondent says: “The granting of the ‘common roll’ tothe Fiji Indians would be the end of Fiji and a tragedy for the Europeans domiciled here. The majority of the Indian working class in Fiji are quite happy and satisfied with their lot in life —it is the few half-educated agitators who are stirring up trouble. Many of the latter already are unbearable in their manner and behaviour now, so picture our lot if labourers could boast of equal status.

“At a recent Ram Lila here (a Ram Lila is an annual Indian festival that lasts a week or more), the following notice was posted up in English and Hindustani. No doubt the writer of the notice considers that he is an educated man and is a strong advocate for equal status.”

NOTICE.

This notice issued by RAM LILA members- So every body ought to see RAM LILA, with; satisfaction. But he should pay gratest attention to following objection otherwise he should sent to gail at once also proceeding action against by RAM LILA members. (1) Do not enter in boundry before taking: their shoes out. (2) Likor or other drink stiff without cava. (3) Any sort of religious talk also lecktures. (4) At using quarrel, fighting. (5) Badly song or shame ful music. (6) Eating selling with any kind of flesh. (7) Searching to heart some lady. (8) Enter on women group or looking with; badly sight. (9) Take permission if something used to sell. (10) Robbery or trying to do. (11) Stop this motor-cars where members advantage. (12) Do not sing music without permission. (13) Motor-cars should be drive slowly. (Signed) Manager RAM LIDA.

NEW GUINEA MISSIONS.

Property To Be Restored.

THE Federal Government has decided to advise the Administrator of New Guinea that it has no objection to the repeal of the German mission ordinance 1926.

The ordinance provides that property held in New Guinea by German Missions on January 10, 1920, would be vested in the Administrator, who would by order vest such property in boards of trustees.

The missions concerned are: —Marist Mission Society, Ltd., Catholic Mission Society of the Sacred Heart, Catholic- Mission Society of the Holy Ghost, the Renish Mission Society, the Lebenzell Mission.

The repeal of the ordinance means that the property will be reinvested in the missions. 22 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Old-Time Cannibal Tells His Story

How Mugarra and his Father Killed and Ate a German. (Miss A. Gwen Evans, a young girl who lives on her father’s plantation near Buka Passage, Bougainville, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, has written for “The Pacific Islands Monthly’’ this most interesting account of her interview with an old cannibal chief. Miss Evans speaks the native languages fluently.) jIfUGARRA is the last of his tribe. He 1” is one of the only remaining hereditary chiefs on the Island of Buka, in the Northern Solomons (part of Mandated Territory of New Guinea).

Although perhaps only 60 to 65 years of age, Mugarra is very feeble and cannot walk around. He has not a tooth left in his head.

Mugarra lives apart from the villages, with his old wife, his daughter, and his son-in-law, on the banks of Buka Passage. He has a platform made specially to sit on, and there, at any hour of the day, you will find him, looking out on to the Passage.

He just sits and looks.

Old Mugarra cannot speak a word of Pidgin. But one who understands his language can spend many hours listening to his tales of olden times.

One day I was talking to him and I asked him what he thought of civilisation.

He answered—just what I expected, all in his lingo and in his own that “as far as he was concerned it was no good; but for the younger generation—his son, for instance—it was quite good.

“The present generation have never kai-kaied man,’’ said Mugarra, “but I have; and if there was no Government to stop us, we would fight and kill again.’’ ‘‘But that is not right,” I ventured.

“No—you white people do not think so!”

“Well, now tell me,” I asked, “did yoii ever kill a white man?”

“Yes, I helped kill one. I will tell you about it,” he replied, “Long time ago, when we were all bush Kanakas—no Government was here, no missions, just ourselves—it was long before you people had that big fight with the Germans—l was only a small piccaninny about so high. (By his demonstration, I judged him to have been seven or eight). We heard that a white man had come on to our Island —Sohana— where we had our taro gardens.

So my father said we would go along See who it was, and what he wanted. We, went—my father (then the big chief), another man and I. At the time I had an Upi hat on, and they were very sacred to us in those days, not like now. I had just had mine put on a few months, when we had held a very big ceremony. • lie . 1 is made of light plaited cane, and is of the shape and size of an old-fashioned bedroom water-jug. it i s fitted tightly on the bo> s head, over his thick hair, and it remains there continuously for a long period. It is connected with initiation ceremonies. Ed.

“We went along to Sohana and my father and I went up to where this white man had made a house out of canvas. When we came close, he looked and saw and came over to us.

When he got near we saw him laughing and pointing at my Upi.

“This annoyed my father and he made signs for me to go back with him. So we turned round and went back in great haste, got into our mona and returned home. I could see my father was cross too much, so I did not talk.

“When we got back to the village I heard the garamuhs calling the men for a talk-talk. They all came to my father and he then told them what had happened when we went to Sohana.

“ ‘Yes,’ my father said, ‘the white man laughed at Mugarra’s Upi.’

“On hearing that, they all jumped up.

My father went into our house and Mugarra, as he is to-day. 23 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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LIMITCO 175 CLARENCE STREET SYDNEY. came out with spears and an old stone axe, the other natives all doing the same. The chief then beckoned me alohg with him and off we went up to ‘Sohana’ again, where the white man was.

“My father went up to him and chopped him with his axe and I threw a spear at him, just like my father had shown me to do. While my father was cutting the white man with the axe, he said, ‘No more will you laugh at Mugarra’s Upi!’

“Later, we kai-kaied him, and that was when I tasted white man for the first and last time.

“This master we killed was a German and he came out here and was going to try and sell axes and knives and other things to us. But he laughed at my Upi hat, so we killed and kai-kaied him.

“No more white masters came for a long time after, and we used to fight with all the Kanakas from Seleo (Bougainville) and we always kaikaied them. Then the Kiaps (District Officers) came and the missions, so we could not kill any more. You came a long time after. We were no more bush-Kanakas,” he added.

Mugarra at one time owned most of the land around Buka Passage. It all belonged in the first place to his father.

“Now, when I die, if my son becomes the chief, he will not be like me,” said Mugarra; “he is civilised.

But I think old times were the best, when we could do as we liked and kill as we liked.”

It is interesting to note that Sohana, where this massacre took place, is now the seat of the Government in Buka Passage.

SEPIK GOLD.

New Prospectors Extend the Search.

From Our Own Corretpondent.

MADANG, Sept. 16.

THE Sepik River region of New Guinea has again attracted new men and new capital.

This time, and for the first time, something more extensive than the dish is ben attempted. The people concerned in the matter, however, have picked upon the worst time of the year for the transportation of their mining gear. This period, in common with these parts, is known as the “dry season”. With no rain of any consequence and nothing but a hot sun to parch everything, all the watersheds become almost dry, the small streams feeding the main depending only on seepage, underground channels and springs.

The company is known as the Yuat Alluvial and gets its name from the river Yuat, which is the third tributary on the left bank of the Sepik River, with its confluence about eighty miles from the sea.

The Yuat runs many miles back, first through low, undulating scrub and saksak (sago palm) country into the mountains that also form part of the watershed of the lower portions of the Ramu River. Its higher reaches are not navigable owing to many obstacles, as fallen trees, bars and boulders. In the “wet season” it is regarded as one of the Sepik’s fastest streams and carries down with it floating logs and debris that make it difficult and dangerous to negotiate.

Prospectors who have tried out its headwaters have always got specimens of good colour; but, apart from just prospecting- with a dish, have not attempted any other means.

In 1931, Mr. S. Green, in company with the late Mr. Exton, followed out one of its fountain heads to its end, and over the mountain ranges towards the Bismarcks, eventually crossing the Ramu, west of Madang. This trip proved valuable to them, and it was the latter’s intention to return later to certain parts to further prospect. To provide capital to equip himself with the necessary labour and gear he, whilst recruiting, was unfortunately killed in Aitape, at the hands of seemingly quiet and peaceful natives.

The benefits then, if any, of this long and tedious trek were lost.

Of late, however, Messrs. Leahy Bros., in the interests of the New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., have been prospecting in and about the same areas, with a certain amount of success.

The new company now operating have as their manager, Mr. Turnbull, a geologist and mining engineer, and three assistants. The plant consists of a full kit of boring tools, a considerable quantity of stores, and a 36-foot launch for transport work. Owing to the low state of the water in the river, only about 30 miles is at present navigable. From there to their objective is a long, tedious journey, which has to be accomplished by canoe travel against a current which, at the present time, is about a knot.

The transport of heavy gear and stores in canoes is a very difficult undertaking.

Every care and constant attention has to be exercised. In some places rapids are met with and an upturned canoe may mean a loss of gear and stores that take time and money to replace, to say nothing of the inconvenience. Swarms of fever mosquitoes breed and live on the lower reaches but diminish and become more bearable in the mountain areas.

The company have the best wishes of all and we hope that the honour may lie with them to show their predecessors that, at least, one part of the Sepik does possess gold on a working profit.

That indefatigable prospector, Alf Belfield, is again venturing to the reaches of the Upper Sepik, towards the border lines. For the past six years he has travelled and prospected over thousands of square miles of Sepik country, sometimes and sometimes not finding colour; but not up to the present has he discovered anything that to his way of thinking would be called payable.

On this trip he is accompanied by Mr.

“Dick” Glasson, one of the “Big Six,” of the Edie Creek days, and Commander Wauchope. They intend to further try out some more of the small streams and feeders that lie right at the head of the river. Before reaching this country some 500 miles of the Sepik have to be negotiated. This is done by a small launch. The party then make a base and secure their vessel safely and the rest is accomplished by canoe or foot to whereever their fancies turn them.

Thousands of pounds and many months of labour under a hot tropic sun, m fever-stricken areas, have been spent so far in a fruitless search of Sepik gold of a payable nature. All hope that the day is not far distant when at least some of the pioneers and investors on this quest will be suitably rewarded.

Lady Murray, wife of the Administrator of Papua, left the Territory for Sydney by the “Macdhui” on September 28 and will spend some months in Sydney before leaving for a short visit to South Australia. 24 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Mau Defies General Hart

STALEMATE CONTINUES IN SAMOA. (From a Special Correspondent.) APIA, Sept. 26.

SINCE the end of August, all negotiations between the “Man” and the Administrator, General Hart, have been broken off owing to the stubborn insistence of the “Man” leaders that Mr.

O. F. Nelson shall be one of their delegates and the main speaker of their delegation at the proposed Fono with the Administrator.

The “Mau” leaders themselves have stated that Mr. Nelson has twice advised them to accede to the Administrator’s wish and exclude him from the Fono. Mr. Nelson has not thought it necessary to make a straightforward declaration that he does not want to participate as a “Mau” spokesman and delegate. Doubtless such a declaration, issued by him, would have impressed the “Mau’ with his sincerity of purpose and opened the way to a settlement; while his half-hearted “advice” has stressed the impression that he alone is the stumbling block and main obstacle to a final solution of the Samoan “Seven Years’ War.”

General Hart, after the break in the negotiations with the “Mau,” had clearly stated his intention to enforce the existing laws and regulations in future, especially in regard to meetings of the “Mau” organisations, in the socalled “disturbed” areas and districts.

In open defiance of General Hart’s announcement, the “Mau” district of Atua invited the “Mau” adherents to a “Taa lolo,” or native dance of honour, to be held in the village of Vaimoso, which is situated in a “disturbed" and prohibited district, on September 13, in honour of Mr. O. F. Nelson. This was to be the first of a number of “taalolo’s” for the same purpose, to be held in Upolu and Savaii.

A number of representative Europeans received invitations to attend the feast at Vaimoso. Most of them wisely refrained from attending a function to all purposes anti-Administration and purely political. A few thousand natives were present and there were the usual speeches. At the feast following the dance, over 200 pigs were distributed.

It was highly significant, that on this occasion the orator of the old capital of Atua addressed Mr. O. F. Nelson with the old king’s title of “Tupu’a”. Doubtless this move was well thought out and intended. Though Mr. Nelson and the Mau organ, published in New Zealand, always claim that the former is of royal descent on his mother’s side, coming from one of the highest ranging chief families in Savaii, this claim does not correspond to fact, as Mr. Nelson’s mother came from one of the numerous small chief families of comparatively small genealogical importance. In any case, Mr. Nelson has not the slightest right to take a title like “Tupu’a”, reserved from the oldest times to a few families, like Malietoa and Mataafa.

In view of the Administrator’s clear definition of the present attitude of the Administration towards violations of the law, the police would have been justified in dispersing the meeting at Vaimoso and arresting the leaders. General Hart has refrained from taking this step, but undoubtedly the situation looks serious and there may be important developments.

The unfortunate inclination to push Mr. Nelson to the foreground and press his personal claims on the Administration, effectively prevents any negotiations at present. There is no doubt that Mr. Nelson and the Mau, through them attitude, have alienated the support of the Man’s few remaining European sympathisers. It is considered unfortunate that one man, at a time when Samoa is suffering severely from the low prices of produce, insufficient communications with the outside world and all kinds of economic difficulties, should bar the way to a reconciliation between Administration and natives and thereby keep the former from putting into force measures planned for the economic relief of the native population.

Apart from the few leaders of the “Mau” aligned on the side of Mr. Nelson, and apparently determined to support him for reasons of their own, the mass of “Mau” adherents is fast losinginterest in the useless struggle, which has caused them only suffering and losses.

The demands of the “Mau” submitted to the Administrator as a basis for negotiations, the so-called “9 points,” too lengthy to be given here, read something like the terms of peace, imposed by a victorious nation on a conquered enemy. The sooner the “Mau” realises that such demands are impossible of realisation, and the sooner they acknowledge that Mr. Nelson cannot help them in any way and has to b» eliminated from the picture, to make a termination of the impasse possible, the better it will be for the good of Samoa. 25 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Semita Gode, a Seventh Day Adventist missionary from Papua, and his wife and four children, reached Sydney on October 4 on the “Macdhui." He is a Fijian by birth, and has spent three years among the nomadic tribes of the Efogi Mountains. There he encountered remnants of the once numerous pigmy tribes.

The natives who live in the Efogi Mountains are wild, and Semiti Gode has seen them fighting with spears longer than themselves and with poiisoned arrows. He said that the natives wandered from camp to camp.

They stayed in one place until sickness or other disaster overtook them, and then they moved to another camp.

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Officers attached to Australia House advised the Department of Commerce, Canberra, that there is a demand —not at present on a large scale —for passion fruit in London, and consider that prices should be remunerative if shipments can be made without loss by deterioration. Up to the present Australian passion fruit has been available only bottled or canned, and its price so packed is too high for any considerable trade to develop. If it is desired to establish a trade, it will obviously be necessary to pack the fruit attractively—preferably in boxes bearing distinctive labels.

Two boxes of passion fruit shipped to London by Mr. A. W. Randall, of Warragul West, Victoria, in May last, as an experiment, had arrived “in good condition, with no shrivelling." The fruit was shipped as ordinary cargo.

Mr. Randall is not yet satisfied that his method of packing is perfect, and he is continuing his experiments. of the large island of Viti Levu. They show a flock of sheep; a bush hull, just yarded; and a mob of Fiji cattle.

It is not generally known that the pastoral industry continues to make steady progress in Fiji. The above photographs are from the Wai-ni-Voce Estate, Tavua, in the Northern part

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Scope For Development In Fiji

Are Primary Industries Receiving Due Help From Government?

Letter to the Editor.

THE average Australian cannot understand the methods employed to develop a country such as Fiji.

Fiji has unusual fertility of soil, a genial climate, regular seasons (providing green pastures all the year round), an absence of animal pests and general healthy conditions. One is inclined to regard it as a veritable paradise for the grazier or farmer—and so it would be if steps had been taken to develop it, as was done in the early days of Australia.

The first thing that claims notice is the method of administration, compared with the public service of Australia.

The Fiji public official appears to be on “an excellent wicket,” as after a few years of service, at a liberal salary, he is entitled to long leave of absence on full pay, with passage grants for both himself and family; and, on the expiration of his service, to a generous pension. The Australian is at a loss to understand why, if these officers can be done without, for such long periods, their services may not be dispensed with altogether. Just recently one of these gentlemen, occupying a top-notch position, was absent for several months on a jaunt to the Old Country, and it may be assumed that he not only continued to draw his handsome salary but liberal expenses also. Why or for what reason it was necessary for such a high official to vacate his post, history sayeth not. However, during his absence the Colony continued to pursue the even tenor of its way, in the usual manner.

These remarks are applicable to many other instances of highly-paid officials being absent from their duties for long periods and, of course, regularly drawing their pay. Under such conditions, is it to be wondered at that 50 per cent, or more of the gross revenue of the Colony is absorbed in Administration costs?

Another contrast with Australian methods is the appointment of a number of officers who are called District Commissioners. These gentlemen occupy the same position, and carry out the same duties as a Police Magistrate in Australia and are well paid for really minor duties.

In most country districts in Australia these duties are allotted to a seniorsergeant of police, who, with the assistance of one or two honorary Justices of the Peace, efficiently carries out practically the same duties at about onethird of the salary paid to the Fiji official, and with no concessions in the way of passage grants, etc.

There can be no objection taken to periods of relaxation being granted to members of the Civil Service, but these should be moderate. Again, it is noticed that few “Colonials” are given positions in the service, although the two or three who have managed to secure an appointment are conspicuous for ability.

It would seem that youths, born in the Colony, of European descent, are practically debarred from entering the charmed circle of officialdom, notwithstanding the fact of their having gained honors in their scholastic career. It would seem that even Indians, many of whom are employed in the service, are given preference over the Colonials.

In this connection it is significant that the very progressive and well-conducted C.S.R. Co.’s operations are principally, if not entirely, carried out by Colonial employees.

The Crown Colony methods of developing a new country do not appeal to an Australian. It annoys him to see a really magnificent country being messed up. Although we have what is called a Legislative Council, the elected members are in such a small minority that their time is simply wasted, as no matter what suggestions they may put forward, unless they happen to he in accord with the views of these mostly inexperienced official members, they are ruthlessly thrown out.

One' cannot help comparing the methods employed in, say, Papua, under Australian administration, with those adopted in Fiji. Although Papua has been colonized for only a decade or two the progress of the place is many years in advance of Fiji, which las been under the control of British administration for close upon 50 years.

Although practically we have no Public Debt, nor unemployed, yet we have quite a number of taxes and liceness for every avenue of business.

Besides, out Customs tariff is very heavy, including an export tax on all primary produce. No wonder the 27 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Colony was recently described as a country of taxes and licenses.

Although it is universally acknowledged that the future progress and welfare of the Colony are wholly dependent upon primary products, no attempt is being made to foster the minor industries, or make any effort to introduce crops, which promise profitable exploitation. The only bright spot in this direction is an experimental farm, established a few years since, originally to try out different varieties of cotton, but which has of late taken up the work of trying out other varieties of produce.

The work carried out on this farm is most creditable to those engaged in conducting operations (by the same token, Colonials). Also, a deal ot credit is due to the entomologists attached to the Department of Agriculture, who have done and are still doing excellent work.

Unfortunately, we have no European settlers engaged in agriculture of this description and it is hopeless to expect the Indians to take advantage of the lesson to be learned from the experimental farm, as they persistently refuse to be taught, but adhere to the primitive methods they are used to in their homeland.

It is evident that a huge blunder has been made in allowing these Indians to remain in the Colony, unless under indenture, and to occupy lands on their own account. However, this question has already been ably dealt with in an article which appeared in a recent issue of the “P.1.M.”

Just recently it was reported that the Government proposes to take control of the affairs of our two Municipal Councils —Suva and Levuka. So far, no reason has been given for this move, but it is thought by some to be the thin edge of the wedge, foreshadowing* the granting of the “common rule” to the Indians. No doubt the aldermen and taxpayers will have something to say on the matter.

The commercial life of the Colony appears to be in the hands of a few affluent men, spoken of locally as ‘‘The Big Four.” These gentlemen seem to control prices of nearly all commodities and are interested in any industry started which shows a likelihood of profit.

The insatiable love of the Indians for litigation on the slightest pretext, no matter at what cost, is a source of much profit to the legal profession in Fiji.

A few years ago a dairying scheme was evolved and sponsored by the Government for the benefit of returned soldiers and sailors. After much bungling and a waste of money, which an Australian school-boy would have been ashamed of, the industry was got going.

But as soon as it gave promise of bringing in a little gain, others jumped into the game; and, it is said, were assisted by the Government to do so. As a result, we now have three different lots of people engaged in the business. One company, which happens to own a fairly large area of land, started a butter factory, and offered its land to settlers, agreeing at the same time to take their cream at a stated price, which it is understood was lid. per lb. of butter fat. Although most of the land is occupied by Indians, there are some five or six Europeans who entered into the scheme. It is said these people have had a somewhat rude awakening as all sorts of expenses are charged against their returns, such as manufacturing costs, selling commission, storage, freight, etc. This brings the nett proceeds to the supplier to about Bd. per lb. of butter fat, out of which he has to pay rent of the holding, labour costs, utensils, etc., and, as he has to find his own cattle and dwelling, there is little left for living expenses. The company is understood to be making a profit.

The only other butter factory operating in the group is run on co-operative lines, and from the statement issued for last year, which ended on June 30 last, this concern was able to pay their suppliers an average of 1/- per lb. for butter fat. This is something like 4d. per lb. more than the proprietary concern.

The general opinion is held that until Fiji makes some effort to induce Europeans to settle in the Colony these conditions will prevail, and probably end disastrously. It is also thought that the British Colonial Office cannot be aware of the conditions here, otherwise some steps would be taken to remedy matters.

I am, etc., RICHARD B. HOWARD, Navua, Fiji, 26/9/1933.

EDITORIAL NOTE.— Statistics relating to Fiji trade and production, in comparison with other countries, do not support Mr. Howard’s general contention. Fiji is one of the most prosperous countries in the world to-day. Its trade balance is large and growing; and, compared with other countries devoted to primary ; production, its taxation burden is negligible.

Anyone who has seen Australia struggling under its appalling load of administrative costs, will not appreciate Mr. Howard’s argument.

Seven full-blown Parliaments: hundreds of overpaid. useless, 'professional politicians; overstaffed departments, which are duplicated and multiplied to the point of absurdity; and hordes of bureaucratic officials, interfering with private enterprise and individual freedom at every point of communal life—that is not an exaggerated picture of Australian administration to-day. For reasons of both efficiency and economy, we venture to say that Australia gladly would throw its present costly administrative machinery overboard. and adopt the British Colonial Office organisation, if it were only possible.

Australian administration in Papua and New Guinea, under the direction in each case of one strong man, is a model for the world. Australian administration in Australia, being dominated by our so-called “democratic governments,” is discouraging private enterprise at every point.

But we are entirely at one with Mr. Howard on the subject of the non-settlement of Fiji by Europeans. This group is just sufficiently far south to be a white man’s country. It has an equable climate, a fertile soil, plenty of cheap land and labour, low taxation, and—with due deference to our correspondent—efficient administration. White settlers and new capital should be pouring into this Colony. The fact that they are not has been to us, for two years, a mystery. 28 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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March Past On Ysabel

B.S.I. Plea for “Strong” Men. (From a Special Correspondent.) How Sultan after Sultan with his pomp Abode his hour or two and went his way.

THE quotation from Omar has an aptness pertaining to the “March past of the D.O’s.” at the Government station on Ysabel, 8.5.1. P, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Miller, who have been here for the short period of five months, are off to England in October; and it remains to be seen who is next on the list.

Since 1918, we have had a remarkable succession of District Officers, beginning with Mr. and Mrs. N. S. Hefferman, who put in the longest term—e.g., five years. After his transfer to Santa Cruz, we followed on with Messrs. H.

Macquarie, S. G. Masterman, Capt. Middenway, P. Hubbard, E. D. Davies, J.

Studd, Capt. R. B. Hill, F. W. Fowler, L. Wright, F. B. Filose, S. G, Masterman (again), and lastly, up to date, W. H. Miller.

In other districts, the D.O’s. have remained on their stations, except during furlough, for periods of 10 and 12 years, without transfer.

All these changes are not doing the natives of Ysabel any good. Each new man has different ideas regarding administration, discipline, etc., and the constant change of tactics is bewildering to the native mind. As each new man takes over, the chiefs of the villages bring along “trial” cases, to see which way the cat will jump and then base their behaviour accordingly for the rest of his short regime.

Ysabel is a big district, and it takes many months for a D.O. to become conversant with the whole island; and as no administrator can work up an interest in a place when he feels he is merely temporary, little is done. \ illages are neglected, and the sanitation system is a disgrace. Roads, which are most necessary on this open rock-bound coast, are negligible; a few native tracks now serve between villages.

The natives are becoming cheeky and indolent, and too apathetic to cook their copra or earn an honest penny. After the Filose affair, they boast that “They savvy sack” the “new Government,” if they don’t approve of him.

It will need a man with strong physical and moral courage to face the state of things here, and reinstate the power of the white man and, incidentally, the Government, in the minds of the Ysabel natives.

PRACTICAL ECONOMICS.

Jones, on his way to catch his morning train, called in at the grocer’s shop.

“I see somebody has broken your window,” he said to the proprietor! “I’ll bet you five shillings you couldn’t get another pane of glass like that under two pounds.”

The grocer smiled.

“Well, you’ve lost,” he said. “I only paid thirty shillings for that.”

“Oh, is that so?” said Jones, taking a piece of paper from his pocket. “Then I may as well pay you now. It was my son who broke that window, and you sent me in a bill for three pounds.”

The White Man’S “Castes.”

An Open Letter Addressed to Mr. Marc T. Greene.

Jhave read your most interesting and instructive articles in the “P.1.M.” (Aug., 1933) and agree with a lot you say.

The Samoans are a noble race, and deserve sympathy and tolerance to a marked degree; but, 80, I don’t exactly get your meaning when you state they have been exploited, contaminated and debased by white usurpers.

Your remarks concerning the white woman (many our own countrywomen) in the Tropics has also given me cause for mild protest, but as you state you are “exceedingly touchy” I do not intend to upset your equanimity.

My own wife (from Yonkers, Ann.) has not lost her femininity and her charms and can still be favourably compared with any “cullud pusson.” So also can our numerous feminine neighbours.

Notwithstanding excessive tropical humidity and the arduous duties associated with the feeding of a hungry husband and family, she can still go about her duties singing “The Star Spangled Banner’’ and “Amurica, v*w I loves ye.”

From your letter, I guess you more or less advocate the mixing of the coloured and white races. Honestly Marc., do you really and truly advocate this policy? Or is it “sour grapes, ’ or propaganda?

Always remember, there is much controversy and strife in our own glorious country through the thoughtlessness of our predecessors. We have the colour question to deal with there, and what strife and hate there is in the Southern States. We, or rather our forefathers, exploited the noble red man and I have heard it whispered that certain of our own countrymen, even to-day, are endeavouring to stir up strife in British India.

I am about to publish my first book the knowledge gathered during fourteen years’ residence in the Tropics.

It deals much with the “crackpot” religions emanating from America— our glorious homeland—their effect upon the indigenous Pacific native.

Also, chapters are devoted to criticism of journalists who reside in the Pacific for a few days and depart to write articles or books on topics they do not understand.

You might do some of our countrymen a good turn by advocating that half-caste children should not be brought into this wicked world to be treated with contempt, and exploited by pure-bred natives and Europeans alike. Did you hear that one of our own countrymen—a religious teacher—has just been sent out of this Group?

Make further inquiries, Bo; for he tried “sympathy, tolerance and love,” as advocated by “Na Vodre,” but the fool picked the wrong sex for the experiment.

Yours till Niagara Falls,

Haroun C. Sulphonal

Formerly of New York. 8.5.1., 12/9/33. 29

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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Paris Delegate Visits French Oceania

Thorough Examination of Local Conditions.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Sept. 7.

Monsieur Lionel de tastes.

Delegate elect of French Oceania to the Superior Council of the Colonies, returned to France, via San Francisco, on the s.s. “Makura” after a month’s visit to his constituency.

Although this Colony has been represented in the home Government for some thirty years past, this is the first occasion upon which a Delegate has paid a visit here and endeavoured to secure a first-hand knowledge of his people, and the conditions under which they live.

Everywhere throughout the Islands Monsieur de Tastes was welcomed with the extravagant enthusiasm and hospitality which only the Polynesians can show, and which can only be fully comprehended by those intimate with this part of the Pacific. Flow r ers and music accompanied him everywhere in his journeyings; and the crowds which gathered to witness his arrival and to bid him farewell were probably the largest seen in Papeete since the days of the early European voyagers.

We cannot but admire the grim spirit and singleness of purpose with which our Delegate stuck to the task in hand, in spite of the alluring temptations to dalliance which surrounded him on every hand.

During the limited time at his disposal, Mons. de Tastes succeeded in visiting every district in Tahiti and the adjoining Island, Moorea, went to two representative Tuamoto Islands and two of the Marquesas. He made 31 speeches to his constituents, interviewed most of the prominent people of the Colony, and in every other manner possible sought to acquire an understanding of local affairs and the requirements which will be of inestimable value to him in his future work. In this respect he has an advantage over any of his predecessors It is announced that Mons. de Tastes has already been instrumental in securing for Tahiti a subvention of 5,000,000 francs towards the balancing of the local budget, as well as' a loan of 15,000,000 francs which is to be applied to urgent public works. His future programme includes the development of the tourist traffic, development of all branches of production in the Colony, improvement in the economic relationship with France, measures for the safeguarding of the native people, and reduction of Governmental expenditure, with increased facilities for the local youth to enter subordinate Administrative posts.

Monsieur de Tastes, who is always by profession, practising in the Appeal Court in Paris, traces his ancestry to the Crusaders and bears the hereditary rank of Marquis. He has had considerable experience in public work as Councillor for the Seine Department, and Municipal Councillor for Paris. During the war he served in the artillery and was promoted to the rank of captain; for his distinguished service there he received the Medal of the Legion d’Honneur, the Medal Militaire, and several decorations. He is now 52 years of age.

Monsieur de Tastes was accompanied on his visit here by Monsieur Mercier, Charged with a special mission from the Department of Merchant Marine, and also by a medical mission composed of Professor Lemee, Dr. Pugmaire, and Dr. Mazarakis. Dr. Pugniaire remains in Tahiti to complete the investigation into the condition of tne leper settlement at Orofara, and other problems connected with the public health. rt is stated that Mens, de Tastes will pay another visit to bis constituency in three years’ time. His term of office as Delegate is for five years.

The American motor yacht, “Stella Polaris,” will again visit the South Sea Islands with a tourist party. The ship, which will carry 125 passengers, will arrive in Suva, Fiji, on February 23.

Scene on Papeete waterfront, on occasion of M. de Taste’s arrival in Tahiti. — Photo: Max Dupont. 30 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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CHINESE.

An Official Denial.

IN the Federal Parliament, on October 5, Mr. R. F. H. Green asked the following- question: “Has the Minister administering the affairs of New Guinea noticed a report in the press that certain Chinese have been given preferential treatment, and are being assisted by the administration in the taking up of land at Keravat, not far from Rabaul in New Britain? A report to this effect is published in ‘The Pacific Islands Monthly’ and if it is not correct, I should like the Minister to deny it.”

Major C. W. C. Marr: “My attention was drawn to a statement published in ‘The Pacific Islands Monthly’ to the effect that it is the intention of the administration to allocate 3,000 acres in the Mandated Territory for settlement by 50 Chinese from Rabaul, and I immediately sent a cablegram to New Guinea to ascertain whether the report had any origin in fact. The Administrator has now replied that it was entirely without foundation.”

The statement to which reference is made that the Administration of the Territory of New Guinea was seeking a partial solution of the Chinese problem by settling 50 young Chinamen on small plantations in the Keravat district— was based on information given to us by a responsible resident of the Territory; and both he and the editor of this journal accepted it as quite correct.

If, as stated, it is incorrect—or if, as appears more likely, it is merely a plan that has been prematurely regarded as .approved—we can only express regret for any annoyance that may have been caused to the Administrator and the Minister. —Ed. “P.1.M.”

New French Delegate—M. Lionel De Tastes. (See opposite page.) 31

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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Deaths Of White

MISSIONARIES.

Letter to the Editor.

In the “Sydney Morning Herald” of 12th of July, I was amazed to read that the Bishop of Melanesia, speaking at a Rotarian luncheon, was reported to have stated in his address: “Many white missionaries had been killed in the diocese, chiefly as a result of the misdeeds of white traders, who had visited the Islands shortly before them.”

As the report has not been contradicted one presumes that such a statement was made.

The British Solomon Islands comprise a large part of the Melanesian Diocese and, apart from Mr, Daniels, of the S.S.E. Mission, who was killed twenty odd years ago on Malaita, an island on which there were few if any traders at the time, no missionary has been murdered here for fifty years, at least.

It is, indeed, pitiable that many missionaries in order to give the impression that they lead hard and dangerous lives, feel it is necessary to traduce traders who have done more for civilisation and the British Empire in the Pacific than any or all the mission organisations. I am, etc., SOUTHERN CROSS.

Tulagi, 8.5.1., Sept. 11, 1933.

Norfolk Island

NOTES.

From Ovr Own Correspondent.

LIFE on Norfolk drifts by on a stream of gentle, agreeable monotony, broken only by the arrival of the five-weekly steamer bringing mail, stores and new settlers.

With the exception of Government officials, store employees, the depleted cable station staff and a handful of “gentlemen of independent means,” till the men resident on the island irre spective of caste or race—spend long, slow days on their small plantations, weeding bananas, hoeing between endless rows of early potatoes or Canadian Wonder beans, and returning at refreshing intervals to their pretty little houses for tea and cake with the capable wives who, in the majority of cases, run their homes and gardens without assistance “The Garden of Eden, rediscovered,” said a visitor to me the other day, “with the amenities of civilisation and the snake well in hand.”

At this particular season of the year, too, the sea winds die and the ocean lies sleeping and unruffled for days on end. beneath the strengthening sun. The “whaley birds” (more scientifically classified as sooty puffins or some such name) are here again and laying their eggs in countless thousands on Phillip Island, the bare, bright rock standing out to sea that once was the bold southern promontory of our little isle; before some unrecorded convulsion sank the connecting range and left us only Mount Pitt from which to survey the far horizon.

Actually, of course, Norfolk itself — any small island for that matter —is only the ultimate summit of some submerged continent; but that is a surprising reflection which only strikes one now and again when standing breathless against the flagstaff that marks the very highest point. The whales, whose annual visit the sooty puffins herald, are here too, idling on the surface close inshore or rolling round the island like giant porpoises. Once upon a time they represented the richest harvest of the year, but now that vegetable and mineral oils have displaced fish oils upon the market, whales only interest us as a picturesque diversion upon the blue and empty sea.

DISCOURAGING PETTY CRIME.

Our local malefactors —and we have them in their modest way—are learning nowadays that the day of judgment inevitably dawns, however long delayed.

For some happy years, petty crime flourished unchecked and unpunished while the injured parties swallowed their wrongs and held their tongues for fear worse might befall them.

But times are changed and among a list of minor delinquents—all dealt with in their degree—one law-breaker who has defied apprehension for an incredible period, has recently received an exemplary sentence that has left us, as a community, gasping and respectful. Every official now within the administration is obviously out to do his job “without fear or favour, affection or ill-will,” as the administrator’s oath of office has it, and the sooner we settle down to recognise the fact and behave ourselves accordingly, the better for us.

FROM WINDSOR TO NORFOLK.

Among other settlers recently arrived is one of particular interest, especially to the English resident upon the island. He is Mr. A. W. Mxtcheh, who for twenty years was Superintendent of Works for the King in Windsor Great Park. Within the confines of this park—covering many miles in extent and almost in sight of London the mightiest city in the world—neither electric standards nor gas mains aie allowed— by decree of His M a Wood stoves cook the food of the many households, oil lamps light them to bed.

Mr Mitchell is accompanied by his wife and a young son and they may be joined later by other members of the family at present resident in Canada. 32 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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Tobacco Prospects In Papua.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Sept. 27.

THE price of rubber continues to Hse —as do the spirits of the rubber planters in Papua. One can hardly recognise them as the harassed beings of early March.

Already they are congratulating themselves heartily upon their past wisdom and foresight in planting rubber and not coconuts!

Coconuts, they tell you wisely, never had a hope from the beginning.

The price of copra shows a dismal figure. There seems no possibility of the industry paying its way; no relief for the planters, unless the Government takes a hand, or some enterprising scientist discovers a method of converting copra into, say, synthetic rubber.

We hear so much of rubber and copra that people can be forgiven for thinking that they are the only products of Papua.

But coffee has been grown successfully in the hills behind Port Moresby for some time, as well as in the Northern Division of Papua—a Robusta variety of excellent quality.

Three desiccated coconut factories have been carrying on steadily for several years in the Eastern as well as in the Central Division—two not far from Samarai and another in the Hisiu district, west of Port Moresby.

Since April, 1933, 933 basrs of coffee of 70 lbs. weight and 4,947 cases of desiccated coconut have been shipped from Port Moresby.

News that Java coffee is being dumped into Australia at a very low price is disturbing our industry. Java coffee, up to August 18th, was being sold in Sydney at £36 a ton; in January it was £47, and in November, 1932, Robusta imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange c.i.f. Sydney was £59. To-day it is reported to be as low as £26. Robusta coffee from Papua has been fetching IOJd. per lb. in Melbourne.

New areas have recently been acquired in the Logeri district for coffee planting, for coffee has been offering opportunities to investors in the territory.

Papua and New Guinea coffee enter Australia free of duty and exchange.

There has been a revival of the oldtime trade in sandalwood on the Centoral Division of the Territory, inland from the coast. The price offered is good, and even though sandalwood is hard to find to-day it appears to be worth the trouble of finding.

Experiments in tobacco planting continue. The Government is interested and helpful. Tobacco growing is not new to Papua; a great deal of time, money and effort was invested in the industry in the past, and 22 years ago there were areas under cultivation.

One reads in the annual reports for 1911 and 1912 that the cultivation of tobacco had commenced on a commercial scale, and that a company (British New Guinea Development Co.) had planted about 20 acres on the Laloki River and harvested 14 to 15 tons of good-looking cigar tobacco. By 1912 some very marketable cigars and tobacco had been made in their factory in Port Moresby. The enterprise failed owing to “inexpert selection of soil in which to grow crops.”

Mr. Ramsay Grimshaw, brother of Miss Beatrice Grimshaw, the famous novelist of the South Seas, is busily engaged in the production of tobacco on his plantation on the Laloki, 15 miles outside Port Moresby, as is also Mr.

Tom Sefton, for Koitaki Rubber Estates, further inland, in the hills, beyond Roua.

Expert advice has been sought from Queensland, so there is every prospect that tobacco will yet take a definite place among the products of Papua.

Flood Of Japanese Goods

IN B.S.I.

A well-known Solomon Islands trader, Mr. R. C. Laycock, who arrived in Sydney on September 23, said that cheap Japanese and Chinese goods were ousting British products. At present there was a general duty of 12 \ per cent, on imports, but many residents were agitating for a preferential tariff.

Planters were facing ruin, because of the low prices for copra, said Mr. Laycock.

Mr. E. V. Patterson, a trader at Gavutu also said that Japanese and Chinese goods were selling at very low prices. He had been offered khaki shorts, made in China, at 9/- a dozen, and matches bearing a Japanese brand at 2/3 a gross of boxes. 33 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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“Tongans And Europeans”-An Implication

UNWARRANTED Letter to the Editor.

Sir, —In your issue of September “One of the Whites” manifests his resentment against certain statements appearing in the concert programme of the Tongan College Choir which recently visited Australia.

The letter-press of that programme was supplied by the Rev. A. H. Wood, M.A.8.D., Principal of the College, and appeared under his name. It was my task to arrange the form of the souvenir programme and, as I read your correspondent’s letter, I felt I must have slipped in some way to allow such an implication to appear; I therefore turned up the programme and found that the context put an entirely different light on the matter.

Certainly the words appear—“ The task of Christian education is still the responsibility of the Methodist Church”; but immediately before that sentence is another which reads as follows: ‘The contrast between Tonga before 1926 and a few years afterwards was startling; in fact, there has been a tendency to see too much in that sudden change and to overlook the need for building up sound religion and morality.” It is obvious that Mr. Wood was not referring to “educational facilities,” as your correspondent suggests, but to the building up of sound religion and morality on a Christian basis.

I am sure that “One of the Whites” had no desire to be unfair, but it is unfortunate that he wrote so heatedly before he had read coolly the whole paragraph.

In regard to the implication contained in the sentence, “Tongans have not only to learn more of the deep truths by which a nation lives, but also to be guarded from the unwholesome influence of unscrupulous whites,” surely your correspondent must have an over-sensitive mind to read such an implication into a simple straightforward statement. Mr. Wood is not suggesting that all the whites are unscrupulous or that any large proportion of them are. I suppose if will be freely admitted that there are some whose influence is unwholesome. Personally I should .be richer by several pounds if all the whites in Tonga had repaid their debts, but I am not suggesting that a failure to repay loans is characteristic of the white population there. I sometimes go to the theatre and see a notice on the stairway “Beware of pickpockets,” but I have never felt it necessary to write in indignation to the papers and to resent the possible implication that I was one of those against whom others had to be warned.

Mr. Wood may desire to reply himself, but Tonga is far distant and I write on behalf of the Society which is said to have published “vague and undeserved slanders,”

I assure your correspondent that nothing could be further from our desire; for our charter demands that we should be the friends of all and the enemies of none.

I am, etc.,

John W. Burton

General Secretary, Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia.

Sydney, 26/9/33.

Papuan Medical

TRAINEES.

At Sydney University.

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Sept. 30.

DR. WALTER M. STRONG, Chief Medical Officer of the Territory, left Port Moresby by the “Macdhui” on September 28, in charge of 12 native medical trainees who go to the Sydney University for a 12 months’ course in the elements of medicine, to fit them out as Native Medical Assistants for the Medical Department of Papua.

Dr. Strong will be away from the Territory for four or five months. He intends to stay in Sydney and supervise the studies of the natives.

The party of young Papuans arrived in Sydney on October 4 and attracted considerable attention. Later, the students were welcomed at the School of Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, by Major C. W. C. Marr, Minister in Charge of Islands Territories. The object and purpose of this interesting experiment were described in an article in this journal in July. 34 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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FASHION HINTS FOR ISLANDS’ WOMEN. (By “TH ERESE”.) IN the spring the feminine fancy lightly turns to thoughts of clothes—and such clothes! Frocks lovely beyond belief, with the fragrant beauty and colour of an old world garden! So becoming are they, that even the most plain among us becomes attractive under the softening influence of things beautiful.

The new anticrease voiles bring loud cheers from the tropics. They have the additional virtue of being fadeless and their hues rival those of the rainbow.

There are blues, pinks, and amethysts for the flawless blonde, while the greens and deeper shades of rose and glowing yellows make the brunette a delight to the eye. Buttercup yellow, that lovely sunshine shade, is first favourite, and attractive little frocks and short coats appear in it for both day and evening wear.

Even a soft, misty grey is touched up with it, for no colour is allowed to be cold and “Let’s Be Gay” is spring’s decree.

Collars are a feature of the new season’s clothes, and whether they be double, single, flower-petalled, or plain, we hail them with delight. Bows, too, play an important part. Large cat’s whiskers bows, little bows, floppy, squashy or tailored ones, we use them all and their success is complete.

Our old love, the square neck, promises to return to us. It is youthful and need never be hard in these days of twisted scarves and feminine bows. We aim for the square look about our shoulders, too, and this is attained with the new cartridge pleats or shoulder tucks.

Assuredly, for any aquatic carnival the smartest beach wear is the ensemble, including shorts and wrap skirt, buttoned half way down the centre. The blouse to which the shorts and skirt button is a little high-necked affair, and is worn with a flaring artist’s bow. Slacks share equal popularity, but are successful only for the slim, boyish figure.

Nothing cheers us up so much these days as a jacket, especially the swishback or swagger variety. They can be made in any material that suits your requirements. Little shoulder capes and frills solve the problem of sleeves and makes them ideal tropical wear. Loose and flowing, they have a definitely swagger air, which earns for them their name.

Checks are worn with plain and plain with checks, and even the little polka dot in cambric or tobralco is popular.

Although there is not much change in the evening silhouette, with its slim, straight lines, with width at the hem for comfort, there is a variety of decollettes.

High in front, low in the back, or both front and back both demurely high, with discreet slit down the back to show the teeniest glimpse of velvety skin. Some have sleeves, some none, some sport epulette but all are charming. Stripes and checks become increasingly popular for evening wear and on the tall girl are delightful.

For day wear, hundkerchiefs play an important role. Striped or checked ones are tied through your belt or stuck in the skirt pocket of your sports clothes and give a very jaunty air.

CONCERNING HATS.

No matter how grimly utilitarian your wardrobe may be, there is always the occasion when for the soul’s salvation, you let yourself dream of extravagances until eventually you succumb—a hat, let us say, a lovely model in pale pink baku straw, with soft crown of the palest pink feathers tipped with a deeper shade of rose. Thoroughly impractical when one considers pitiless tropical suns, but so tempting with its complete beauty that the still small voice of conscience is almost unheard.

However, there are hats that combine beauty and utility, too, and the wise woman makes these her choice. They vary in size from the jaunty little pullon to the cartwheel variety, and are very attractive. You can have dozens of the little, inexpensive washing hats with their perky bows of ribbon or organdie popping up unexpectedly at all angles.

It’s all in the way you wear your hat, too, which makes or mars the perfection of your ensemble. Tilted well forward over one eye is the fashionable angle of the moment. It is very becoming and is chic personified!

A JAUNTY LITTLE HAT.

Crocheted in Silk.

This novel little hat, with its jaunty brim and bandeau fitting over the hair at the back, has three oval-shaped openings in the crown to reveal the wavy hair beneath, and is most attractive to wear. It looks equally well worked in white, or in colours. The whole hat is worked in simple treble crochet, and the three sides of the crown are joined by a crochet triangle at the top. The tiny brim should be wired at the edge to make it set well.

Materials required: 1 ounce 2-ply crochet silk, a metal crochet hook, size about 12. The trebles are worked at a tension to produce about 12 stitches to 2 inches in width.

Make 111 ch. for the bottom of the crown, and join with a sl.-st. Into this ring work 6 rounds of tr., working st, into st. Then work 37 tr. Tur. No on these 37 tr. work backwards and forwards.

Ist row: Decrease 1 tr. every 7th tr. 2nd. 3rd and 4th rows: Decrease 1 tr. every 6th tr. sth row: Decrease 1 tr, every sth tr. 6th, 7th and Bth rows; Decrease 1 tr, every 6th tr. 9th row: Decrease 1 tr. every sth tr. 10th row: Decrease 1 tr. every other tr.

Break off silk and work two other points in exactly the same way, starting with 37 tr. on the original circle.

To make the triangle at top of hat, wind silk 6 times round two fingers, and into this ring work 36 d. cr. Join with a sl.-st. Then work * 8 d. cr. into ring. 4 d. cr. into top of point.

Repeat from * 3 times, thus joining the three points and the triangle together.

The Brim.—The brim is also worked in tr.

Make 132 ch., and join into a ring with a sl.-st. (Continued over leaf.) 35

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

Barker College, Hornsby (Established 1890.) DAY AND BOARDING SCHOOL FOR BOYS.

Chairman of Council: Mr. Justice BOYCE.

KINDERGARTEN TO LEAVING CERTIFICATE HONOURS. 620 ft. above sea level; 13 miles from G.P.0., Sydney.

Own cows, poultry and vegetables.

War Memorial Oval; 20 acres of ground.

Gymnasium. : Tennis Courts. : Equipped with “Talkies.”

Swimming Baths ready February.

Classrooms centrally heated in winter.

Illustrated Prospectus on application to W. S. LESLIE, M.A.

Headmaster. advt ist round: Crochet 2 tr. into every 9th ch., and 1 tr. into other ch. 2nd and 3rd rounds: Work 2 tr. into every sth st. 4th round: D. cr. into every st. of last round. sth round: D. cr. into every st. of last round, working over a brim wire.

To make up:—»S'ew the brim on the edge of the crown in front, to come down over the right eye, and slope it up towards the back, so that at centre-back it is sewn on to the last row before the beginning of the three points.

The Cunard tourist liner, “Franconia,” is expected to arrive in Fiji on February 17 next year in the course of a world cruise.

The Matson liner, “Lurline,” carrying a party of American tourists will arrive in Suva, Fiji, on February 7, 1934.

New Guinea Notes

From Our Own Correapondent.

RABAUL, Sept. 14.

THE Kokopo Cup race meeting was held on Commemoration Day (Tuesday, September 12th) at the Kinigunan racecourse. There was a fair attendance, and some good racing. The Cup race was won by Mr. Vic. Pennefather’s Viola, ridden by Mr. Robinson. Viola won from Enchant by a length and a half, with the newlyimported Guiding Light four lengths behind. The time was 1.32 1/5. 19 YEARS AFTERWARDS.

An impressive ceremony was held in the cemetery at the Botanical Gardens on Tuesday morning last in commemoration of the landing- of the Australian troops at Kabakaul.

A pilgrimage, organised by the H,S. & S.I.L.A. branch here, of whom Mr. R. L. Clark, M.L.C., is president, was made through the Botanical Gardens; the members carrying wreaths which were later placed upon the graves of the soldiers and sailors who fell at the landing and also those who succumbed to the tropical life here.

The Administrator and his staff were present, representing government departments, while other local public bodies and commercial houses were represented.

A touching address was rendered by Rev. T. J. Gibson, after the singing of Kipling’s “Recessional.” The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the National Anthem.

PILOT DUNCAN AT LAE.

The Genairco seaplane which left Sydney about a month ago with Pilot Duncan and Mechanic Gettenby is now at Lae, having been forced down some twenty miles south of the Papuan border, and from there was towed by the Administration schooner “Wanderer” to Salamaua and eventually to Lae, where repairs will be effected. We understand that no serious damage was done to the ’plane, and that the engine functioned admirably and is undamaged.

COSTLY LITIGATION.

The Booth v. Booth litigation case is still only part heard in the Central Court here. Mr. Chas. Booth, the plaintiff, has finished his evidence and Mrs. Booth (the defendant) is now giving her evidence. This case will be one of, the most costly affairs in the legal world here.

INFLUENZA.

The influenza epidemic which for a while attained serious proportions in the Kavieng district, has now been controlled through the energies of the Medical Department. Forty deaths were reported from Musau Island.

Most of them, it is alleged, were the result of influenza.

AFTER 20 YEARS IN SAMOA.

Some twenty-odd natives arrived in Rabaul last week by the “Nairnbank” from Samoa, where many of them have been working for the past twenty years. Their repatriation —in many ways—presents a problem as to how they will settle down in their villages after having lived all these , years amongst the Samoans.

TENNIS CHAMPIONS.

From Our Own Corretpondent RABAUL, Sept. 25.

FOR the third year the Rabaul Tennis Club won the associated clubs’ competition with a score of thirty points; Treasury came next with twenty-eight points: followed by Bank of N.S.W., Matupi, Roberts, B.P. Club, N.G. Club, Administration and W.R.C. Club. The Premiership Pennant was presented to the captain of the team, Mr. G. Walker, by the Administrator, on Saturday, September 16. A match played on the same afternoon between the Rabaul Tennis Club and The Rest resulted in a win for the latter team.

Baseball is becoming a favourite sport again this season; and there have been some good games. “Hitter” Hawnt has been the first batsman to hit a home run this season. Present positions of teams are: Administration 8, Commerce 6, Metropolitan 4. 36 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

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CAR THIEVES SENTENCED.

The Malay, Hassan Lehmann, and the half-caste Andrew Jacob, have both been sentenced to terms aggregating four years’ imprisonment with hard labour.

These two offenders were remanded from the District Court on fourteen separate charges of stealing. The thefts in the majority of cases were pilfering from standing motor cars.

CENTRAL COURT SESSIONS.

The Criminal Sessions of the Central Court were held from September 11 to 15 when some 31 cases were dealt with; the majority of them being native cases and ail pleading guilty assisted in speeding up the work. Several murder cases came before His Honour the Chief Judge, some of a most atrocious character. Death sentences were passed in all cases of murder.

PETROL PRICES REDUCED.

Local petrol prices dropped another penny per gallon on September 20, thus making the price from the oil companies to the retailers l/7|d. Some of the garages immediately passed on this drop, with the result that consumers were charged 1/11 per gallon; other garages, making the excuse that the odd penny would be a distressful item in the matter of making change, still cling to the old selling price of 2/- per gallon.

CADET BLACK WOUNDED.

A report has been received, from unofficial circles, that Cadet Black, who was accompanying prospectors in the Tauri River country (Morobe district), sustained a slight flesh wound as the result of a native firing an arrow at him.

It would appear, from the information available, that one of the prospector’s carriers left the main body of the party and was murdered and it was when arresting the murderer that Mr. Black received the wound. This was one of many prospecting parties that have gone in recently to new country under the protection of Administration patrols.

N.G.-DUTCH BOUNDARY SURVEYED.

Mr. A. C. Chauncey has returned from the Dutch border where, together with the Dutch authorities, he has made a survey of the international boundary between the Dutch territory and our own.

It is understood that Mr. Chauncey has collected some very valuable data which he will publish at a later date.

RABAUL AIRWAYS ’PLANE.

The Genairco seaplane, piloted by Mr.

W. Duncan, has still not yet arrived here. The latest word we have received is that the machine is undergoing- repairs at Lae. The engine, we hear, has done excellent work throughout the trip; the delay has been caused only by smaller repairs to the floats, etc.

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State Lottery. Week after week this amazing woman wins so many prizes that hundreds of her clients win big cash with her help.

Her first Syndicates, famous in Australia as the “Science of the Stars” Syndicates, were formed for the 112th drawing of the N.S.W. State Lottery. Success was Immediate. In that Lottery she won many prizes for her clients, but these early successes were as nothing compared with what soon followed. In the short time since then her clients have shared in £s,ooo’s, £l.ooo’s, £loo’s, £so’s, £4o’s, £3o’s, £2o’s, flO’s, f s*s; That’s why you should get a share in Madame Zella’s Syndicates, for you can be sure, judging by her past performances, that she will win so many prizes (big and small) in every Lottery that you will have a wonderful chance of winning Lottery Cash of some kind. £1,715 FOR 2/-.

By joining Madame Zella’s Syndicates you will receive a one-seventh share in a ticket in the first available drawing of the N.S.W. State Lottery—-a share which may win £715 in hard cash for you. In addition to that, Madame Zella will send you two tickets in the Second “Lucky Stars’’ Art Union, in which the first prize is valued at £1,000; and she will send you, also, one of her famous character horoscopes.

CHARACTER HOROSCOPES.

By knowing the exact date of your birth (day, month and year), Madame Zella can calculate the position the stars occupied at that time, and thus tell you what influences they may exert in your life. In the character reading she sends you she will give you all kinds of interesting information and advice, which may assist you in various phases of your life.

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To get your one-seventh share in a ticket in the next available N.S.W. State Lottery, your two tickets in the Second “Lucky Stars’’ Art Union, and your character Horoscope, just cut out this article and send it with a postal note for 2/-, and an envelope stamped (please don’t forget this) and bearing your name and address, and a sheet of paper showing the exact date of your birth (day, month and year) to Madame Zella, Dept. X, Box 4246 Y, G.P.0., Sydney.

Week after week Madame Zella is winning big cash for her clients in the N.S.W. State Lottery. 37

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

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NEW GUINEA CUP.

Rabaul In Festive Mood.

From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, September 25.

THE September race meeting of the Eabaul Amateur Turf Club was held on Saturday last, and was undoubtedly the best race gathering that has been seen in the Territory.

Record attendance was reported from the ticket ■collectors at the gate.

Not only was the meeting a financial success; it was also a social success. Frockings of the ladies were modish, and lent charm to the natural beauty of Lakunai course. New improvements had been made to the track, the construction of buildings, the planting of flower beds, and the erection of garden seats.

The New Guinea Cup, which was the main event of the meeting, created a great deal of interest. The entries were:—Gaberdine (Mr.

G. Ellis’), ridden by Mr, Costello. 11.13; Enchant (Messirs. Erwen and Allan’s), ridden by Mr.

Allan. 11.1; Guiding Light (Mr. T. Thomas’), ridden by Mr. Robinson, 10.10; Virgil (Mr. C. A.

M. Adelskold’s), ridden by Mr. Coe, 10.7; Snipe (Mrs. D. Lyal’s), ridden by Mr. Smith, 10.5; Viola (Mr. V. B. Pennefather’s), ridden by Mr.

Mullaly, 10.0 (but carried 6$ lb. overweight).

The race is over a distance of nine furlongs, and was won by Mr. T. Thomas’ Guiding Light, which is a new importation into the Territory, having run only once before at the Kokopo Commemoration Day Races. Virgil came second and Enchant third. Gaberdine, one of the favourites, had a bad start, and never recovered. The time was a record for the course, being 2.2 1/5. Previous record time was held by Gaberdine, of 2.4.

After the race his Honour the Administrator presented the Cup and trophies to the owner and the rider, congratulating them both on the excellent performance of the horse.

Immediately after this presentation there .occurred another gesture of appreciation towards Mr. Fisher, who for so many meetings had rendered invaluable assistance at the tote. Mr.

Fisher, as president R. L. Clark remarked, was about to leave the Territory, and the Club wished to present to him a small token of their gratitude. A smoker’s outfit constituted that token, and was greatly appreciated by Mr.

Fisher.

After the races the town was in festive mood. Special dinners were arranged at The Palms and The Rabaul Hotel, and a special racing picture was screened at the * Regent Theatre. A dance was held at The Palms after the race dinner.

Mr. McKay has been appointed Secretary of Native Affairs, Apia, Samoa.

His place at the Central Office will be taken by Mr. Quinn, who in turn is replaced at the Treasury by Mr. Murphy, of the Native Department.

Mr. A. Schaaffhausen, officer in charge of Public Works, Samoa, left by the “Maui Pomare” with his wife for a wellearned holiday in New Zealand.

DA

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VALUE OF RADIO IN PACIFIC.

THE visit of Mr. W. G. Clarke to Fiji in connection with the wireless services of Amalgamated Wireless Ltd. recalls the utility of radio communications across the rugged country in the interior of Viti Levu, the principal island in the Fiji Group.

Hurricanes are one of the bugbears of life in Fiji, frequently sweeping the country from end to end. In 1930 the telegraph line running from Suva to Lautoka, over a distance of 150 miles, was blown down for a considerable portion of its length. This line passes through rugged country, with mountains rising in places to a height of over 4,000 feet. To repair the broken wires and re-erect the telegraph poles would have been costly work.

The resources of A.W.A. were such that at the request of the Legislative Council modern wireless transmitting and receiving equipment was quickly transported to and installed at Lautoka.

Three days after the storm communication with Suva was again established.

This service was found both efficient and expeditious, and shortly afterwards the Government decided not to re-erect the landlines. Instead, an arrangement was made with Amalgamated Wireless to carry on communication by radio between the two towns. That arrangement has been operative for three years and seems likely to continue indefinitely.

The wireless services of Amalgamated Wireless on the Australian mainland are frequently called into operation following upon breakdowns of the landline.

In 1928 the submarine cable connecting Thursday Island with Cape York was broken and for over two months all the telegraphic traffic was carried by the wireless stations of A.W.A.

Similar breakages in the landlines occur also in the far North-West of Australia between Broome and Wyndham. Here the A.W.A. stations at Darwin, Wyndham and Broome are brought into action to avoid delays in normal telegraphic traffic. On occasions the A.W.A. wireless stations have maintained communication between Hobart and Melbourne.

“Black” Boys Leave

SAMOA.

Plantations Now Worked by Polynesians.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Sept. 26.

BY the m.s. “Nairnbank” on August 30, 22 Solomon Islanders were repatriated to their homes, after having worked on the former German coconut plantations for 20 to 28 years.

Most of the “boys” were married to Samoan women in the “fa’a Samoa” fashion, and their progeny numbered about 50. One boy is stated to have left eight children.

A large crowd of Samoans assembled at the wharf, when the boys left and there were touching scenes of farewell, and wailing and crying of women and children.

There are now only about 50 “black boys” left in Samoa, where in the old pre-war times there were hundreds and even thousands from Buka, Bougainville, Maleu-ba and other Solomon Islands, working for the old D.H. and P.G., which firm had its own recruiting vessels running between Samoa and New Guinea.

Most of the large plantations of the firm have been planted and worked by Solomon Islands labour.

At present the Reparation Estates are worked by Samoan labour, which, with the present low prices of copra, is offering cheaply and in sufficient quantity.

Samoan Planters’

TROUBLES.

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Sept. 26.

The further fall in the copra price tends to make things unbearable for the unfortunate copra producers. The natives are still cutting large quantities of copra, as they need money for the approaching yearly church collections.

Prospects seem a bit brighter for cocoa, as, according to Press reports, large quantities of cocoa have been sold recently in the American market and there are only normal stocks of Samoan cocoa on hand at present.

With economic recovery in U.S.A. and Europe, the demand for cocoa and chocolate is bound to increase. Furthermore, buying for Xmas trade should start now and prices should go up in consequence. One report says that Hitler, the man of the hour in Germany, intends to make cocoa the national drink in Germany and the coboa planters of Samoa will applaud his good intention heartily.

Large quantities of produce were exported from Samoa by various steamers during the last four weeks. The motor ship “Nairnbank” took 1,173 tons of copra and 16 tons of cocoa (B.P.’s and N.Z.R.E.), the steamer “Boren” took 760 tons of copra (M.H., Ltd.), and ; N.Z.

R.E.), the motor ship “Carriso” took 1,100 tons of copra and 100 tons of cocoa beans (Nelson’s, BP.’s, M.H., Ltd.), for the American and Continental markets.

ALBERT GREGORY, 107 York Street, Sydney.

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N.G. PERSONAL NOTES.

From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Sept. 25.

Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Stephenson have arrived to take over the management of the Rabaul Hotel from Mr. and Mrs. Croaker. The latter have already proceeded south on account of health reasons.

Miss A. Richardson, of Buka, where she is so well-known for her work amongst the natives in the matter of health welfare, has returned from Australia and is accompanied by two more medical helpers. Misses Morrow and Menzies. We understand that it is the intention of Bishop Wade to develop considerably the medical side of the Mission’s work in this district, and with that idea in view he has acquired additional properties in the vicinity of Buka Passage.

Mr. and Mrs. Clive D. Meares arrived in Rabaul b- the steamer “Tanda” recently, after having made an extensive tour of the East. Mr. Meares is attached to District Services branch of the Administration.

District Officer Oakley has returned to the Territory after a short leave south and has taken over duty at Manus.

Mr. R. G. Thomas, accountant of the local branch of the Commonwealth Bank, is leaving us shortly. His relief, Mr. J. R. Walker, who for some time was attached to the Broken Hill branch, has arrived here.

Monsignor Lorks, of Aitape, is away at present, on a visit to Rome.

Mrs. Andrew Kelly, the wife of the well-known Rabaul solicitor, has left for south by the “Tanda.” She will proceed by the “Mariposa” to America for a short trip, and will be accompanied by her mother. Mr. Kelly expects to join his wife in Sydney towards the end of the year.

NATIVE RUNS AMOK.

From Our Own Correspondent.

KAVIENG, Sept. 20.

Mr. C. McKellar’s pinnace arrived here on September 5, after a rough trip from Tabar Islands, with the body of a native, Kumo, who had died on the way into hospital, as the result of a gunshot wound in the leg.

Kumo ran amok in the village of Latau, attacked his wife with a large knife and inflicted terrible wounds, which caused her death.

Fearing further attacks, an atempt was made by Mr. W. C. Groves (an anthropologist at present at Tabar) and several natives, to capture and disarm him; but he attacked the party and while endeavouring to slash another boy (native) was shot in the leg by another native.

First aid was rendered by Mr. Groves, and the maniac was then sent by pinnace to Kavieng but died en route.

The New Guinea Administration proposes to erect an aviary at Rabaul, New Britain, during next year. The authorities consider that since the species of bird life in the Territory are so rare and varied, the Rabaul aviary will become an added attraction for world tourists wishing to visit New Guinea.

Boys’ College Instals

TALKIE INSTALLATION.

BARKER COLLEGE, Hornsby, Sydney, which claims to be Australia’s first school to install talking picture equipment, has celebrated its second anniversary of the installation.

The talkies have proved to be of great value and to have materially assisted the students in their geographical studies, as well as improving their general knowledge. Carefully chosen films are screened every Saturday night so as not to upset the regular routine work of the students during the week. Films depicting life in almost every country in the world have been shown. In addition, films on various sports, newsreels, cartoons, and specially selected features are screened.

It is anticipated that other leading colleges throughout Australia will follow the example of Barker College. 41

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

RABAUL CARRYING CO.,

General Forwarding

AGENTS, CUSTOMS AGENTS, INSURANCE STORAGE.

Transport Work and Forwarding Work of Every Description Undertaken.

Modern Transport Equipment.

Telephones: Radio Address: Rabaul 176 and 135. “Rabcarco.”

E. M. GRANTER. Manager.

BIG CROPS can be depended upon from land that has been liberally fertilised with P. B. MANURES, The best for all purposes. Send for our Free Booklet, “RATIONAL MANURING,” it contains interesting information.

PATON, BURNS <a CO., 52 KING STREET SYDNEY.

THE

“Caledonia Dover.”

A COOKING STOVE guaranteed to give complete satisfaction and now recognised as THE BEST on the market. Suitable for coal, coke or wood fuel.

Illustrated Catalogue on request.

LANE & GIRVAN, LTD., BONNY BRIDGE, SCOTLAND.

“To get poll tax money the blacks had to work. Not to get it meant going to gaol.

Even that wasn’t a bad idea. Lots went to gaol and rather enjoyed it. But the recruiters, playing on the vanity and greed of chiefs, offered these hooper-doopers tobacco, hatchets, knives, coloured beads, mirrors and other trade junk for 50 to 100 boys, and the traffic in brown bodies was on.

“These savage blacks have and show deep affection for their sons, and no more pitiable sight has ever been witnessed than a recruiter driving away the young manhood of a town while mothers scream and weep in an agony of sorrow.”

Anyone who knows New Guinea knows that this is all imaginative and exaggerated rubbish; and that there is no part of the world where the welfare of indentured native labourers is more jealously guarded than in Australia’s Pacific territories. Many of Australia’s administrative troubles are due to the coddling and spoon feeding of the natives. That an irresponsible youth should be allowed to present such a picture to a section of the Canadian people is only another example of the political and social dangers that lie in yellow journalism.

Incidentally, this article on “Slavery” also suggests that Mr. Sinclair was never in the territories at all. He writes it as from .. port Moresby, Papua, March 22,” and refers frequently to “recruiting” in Papua; yet there is comparatively little recruiting in Papua, and probably not one Papuan native has been taken to the New Guinea goldfields. The goldfields labourers have been recruited mostly from the north-east New Guinea districts, and from New Britain,

Fatal Crash Near

RABAUL.

Aviation Co.’s Bad Start.

AFTER all his trouble in taking his Genairco seaplane to Rabaul, New Guinea, with a view to establishing a regular aerial service out of that port, Captain W. J. Duncan crashed soon after his arrival, wrecking his machine and killing one of his passengers.

On Sunday afternoon, October 15, Captain Duncan was flying in the vicinity of Kokopo (on Blanche Bay, opposite to Rabaul) with two passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Graham Mirfield.

The seaplane crashed near Kokopo, and Mrs. Mirfield was killed instantly, Mr.

Mirfield was seriously injured, and Captain Duncan was slightly hurt.

Mrs. Mirfield was formerly Miss Betty Schmidt, and was connected with the well-known Rondahl family. She was popular in Rabaul.

Captain Duncan left Sydney on August 12 to fly in his machine to Rabaul; but was held up for some weeks in Huon Gulf (North-east New Guinea) owing to mechanical difficulties.

Electrical Outfit for Plantations THREE things have been added in recent years to the equipment of the modern household, which have done much towards making- life in the South- Sea Islands more comfortable, and more agreeable to European women. They are lighting systems, refrigeration, and communication by radio. These ensure the residents of the Islands a well lit residence during the coolest part of the 24 hours; fresh food and cool drinks; and the absence of that deadly isolation which formerly made life in the Islands either an adventure or the foretaste of Tophet—according to the individual temperament.

So far as radio is concerned, the manufacturers of home receiving sets have not yet quite overcome the difficulties in the way of guaranteeing nightly reception in all parts of the Pacific, but they are well on the way.

Radio, however, using Morse, already has given every little Islands community a telegraph office at its front door.

In the past, lighting and refrigeration have been usually supplied, on the islands plantation or trading station, by independent sets of equipment; but a new development, which is being introduced to readers of this journal by Messrs. Dangar, Gedye and Co., Ltd., of Sydney, provides an installation of apparently reliable character which will supply the homestead with electric light, power for various kinds of electrical appliances, and refrigeration —all off the same installation.

Apparently this firm set out to design an installation that would supply the average Australian station homestead with all necessary electrical conveniences, while keeping the equipment in compact form and at a reasonable price. The equipment, which is called the “Nevertire” Automatic Plant, appears to meet the requirements of the average station homestead —and therefore will interest the average Pacific planter or trader.

It is officially described as “A series of semi-automatic and fully automatic home electric lighting plants designed for installation where no public electricity supply exists. These machines are known as the ‘Nevertire’ line and come in various sizes running from 10 lights to over 60 lights according to individual requirements. The larger plants, of course, provide all the necessary power for running refrigerators in addition to lighting and, through the employment of an ingenious patented device known as the Omnistat, five or six lights are supplied by the battery alone. As soon as ah extra load is applied, either by switching on more lights, an iron or fan, or the refrigerator, the engine starts up automatically and provides ample current. It stops automatically as soon as load is off. Automatic safety devices make failure impossible.

This method of operation means that no expensive heavy battery is required, merely a small one to carry the initial five or six lights.”

One of the difficulties connected with small electrical lighting plants installed in isolated places has been that of regulating the power between the generator or the storage battery and the globes. There was much variation which, sooner or later, led to serious depreciation of the plant. Under the automatic system that has been devised this trouble is apparently eliminated. 42 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Baron Munchausen in New Guinea. (Continued from page 6)

Bullion, oz.

July. August.

Sept.

Alluvial 2,240 Mill 1,045 1,310 1,034 Estimated Profit.

June. July.

August.

Alluvial £5,743 £7,828 £10,700 Mill 0,235 5,811 7,500 AUSTRALASIA’S CLEARING HOUSE FOR THE P RECIOUS M ETALS BUYERS OF GOLD OSMIRIDIUM. PLATINUM, SILVER, ETC.

GARRETT & DAVIDSON, LTD.

ASSAYERS, BULLION MERCHANTS, METALLURGISTS, Bank of N.S.W. Buildings, Regent Street, Sydney.

W. HOLMES YACHT AND BOATBUILDER.

All Classes of Islands Vessels a Speciality.

Sole Agent “R.N.” DIESEL MARINE ENGINES.

SEND FOR PARTICULARS.

McMAHON’S POINT - - SYDNEY.

Cable Address: “HOLMAC,” Sydney.

PACIFIC ISLANDS ASSOCIATION.

Headquarters and Clubrooms:

Millions House, Rowe Street, Sydney

Telephone: 84971.

Founded in 1931 to Advance the Interests of Residents of the Pacific; Assist Island Trade; Provide Information for Tourists; and Promote the Welfare of the Native Races.

All Pacific Islands residents visiting Sydney are invited to call at Millions House and sign the visitors’ book kept at the Association’s office on the first floor.

Secretary’s Office: NATIONAL MUTUAL BUILDING, 350 GEORGE STREET, near G.P.0., SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. :: :: Telephone: B 5067.

Cable Address: “CERTAC,” Sydney.

LARKIN CASE: PLEA FOR REVIEW.

Letter to the Editor.

ONLY in one particular, I think, will any fairminded man with experience of the Pacific criticise the splendid article by the Rev. W. H. Mac- Farlane that appeared in your journal of May last; the “put-the-boot-into-him” type we have all met at times, though fortunately they are few in number.

The one particular to which I take exception is that the article was written while commenting on the Larkin case, and if loosely read would appear to justify Larkin being convicted of murder.

Mr. MacFarlane speaks of the shooting of skin-divers by white men 25-30 years ago. There is reason to believe that there were such cases, but if the writer was on the bench trying a native for alleged cannibalism, would the fact that the accused’s father was convicted of the same practice 30 years ago influence his judgment?

The last comment I have seen on the Larkin case is the one about which I am writing. Mr. MacFarlane says: “The accused man had been convicted on previous occasions for ill-treating natives.”

If this is correct —and I’ve no reason to doubt it —the authorities in the Mandated Territory would do well to consider the advisability of following the Papuan practice—viz., on the third conviction a white man is barred from working signed-on labour. This means “leave the country”.

The very little knowledge I have of the law as regards murder was gained as a juryman in England 19 years ago, and while sitting as an assessor with Justice MacCabe Ray, and other judges, in Malaya. In every instance the various judges gave us our instructions in practically the same words: “The whole point to be remembered is—was there a deliberate intention to murder?”

Larkin brutally flogged the native.

There is nothing to be gained by belittling that and he should be punished severely. But to suggest he intended to murder the native, and chose to do it with a flogging, is absolutely asinine.

The boy died, apparently, from blood poisoning. The skin of the buttocks was broken, a dirty blanket infected the wound, Larkin gave what medical attention he could, the native’s chances were handicapped by a long boat journey, and he arrived at the hospital too late to be saved.

Without question, there are men who are—by temperament—unfit to be in charge of human beings. Larkin may be such a man. We are concerned with the present matter only.

Except that flogging was not involved, a very similar case occurred in Papua 20 years ago. A native died after being illused by a European. There was no suggestion of deliberate murder. After a very careful trial, the sentence was: “Two years’ imprisonment. On release, the accused will be debarred from working native labour.”

British justice is dear to all of us. We have reason to be proud of it. The Larkin case cannot be permitted to remain as it is!

I am, etc., H. DEXTER.

Milne Bay, Papua, 26/9/33.

EDITORIAL XOTE.— We are glad that Mr.

Dexter lias brought the Larkin case forward again; and that he holds, as we do, that there has been a cruel miscarriage of justice. We learn that a move is now being made to have this case reviewed by a competent authority.

Larkin was savagely attacked by a native labourer on his own verandah. Later, he had the Kanaka tied up and most brutally flogged.

The native died, as the result of minor injuries thus received. A judge, sitting without a jury, decided that Larkin was guilty of murder, and sentenced him to ten years’ hard labour, which he is now serving in a New South Wales prison. We have insisted, in season and out, that this is a case of manslaughter, not murder.

The case came before the Federal House last year; and typical politicians and puling sentimentalists, who are without any practical knowledge whatever of Islands conditions, talked typical politicians’ twaddle about “enslavement of the natives” and “drink-sodden planters.’* ft was decided that there was nothing which required the attention of Parliament. Larkin, a young man of good status and education, who served his country well in the war, is left to eat out his heart in an Australian prison, where already he has been for over two years.

And this is all done in the name of justice!

NEW GUINEA GOLD.

For the month of September the total gross production by Bulolo G.D., Ltd., amounted to 11,063 ounces of bullion, containing 7,335 ounces fine gold from 440,900 cubic yards.

Estimated working profit was 5,516 ounces of fine gold.

This production is' equivalent to £55,012/10/-, and working profit to £41,370 on the basis of £7/10/- (Aust.) per fine ounce of gold.

NEW GUINEA GOLDFIELDS. LTD.

The monthly returns of production and estimated profits of New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., are as follows: During September six additional leaching tanks were completed, except for piping, which has now arrived at mine.

Progress report for September issued by the Mining Trust, Ltd., consulting engineers for company:—Development: Location 3: The east drive on No. 3 level was advanced to 118 ft. From G3ft. to 118 ft. was in a fault zone. 43

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

Author- , Sh area 1 Iss ued Mar ket Pri ice— N Company. ised Number.

Amount.

Paid 1-up.

Buyer.

Sellar.

Capital.

October 1G. f £ a. d i. £ i i. d. £ s. d. £ s. d Akmani New Guinea. N.L pd. [ 30.000 f 140,000 0 1 0 0 1 0 — — Akmana New Guinea, N.L ctg. ] 360.000 0 1 0 0 0 7 — — Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. ... . |6,000,000 765,000 35.00 $5.00 4 18 0 4 18 3 50,000 50,000 1 0 0 1 0 0 — Mount Kaindi, N.L Pd. j 50,000 f 90,000 0 4 0 0 4 0 — 0 1 0 Mount Kaindi, N.L ctg. | 160,000 0 4 0 0 1 3 — 0 0 10 Mount Lawton Blocks, N.L. pd. | 48,000 1 80.000 0 4 0 0 4 0 — — Mount Lawaon Blocks. N.L. .. ctg. } 140,000 0 4 0 0 1 0 — — Mount Lawton Extended, N.L. . pd. | 48,000 f 80,000 0 4 0 0 4 0 — — Mount Lawson Extended, N.L. . ctg. | 140,000 0 4 0 0 1 0 — — Mount Sisa, N.L. pd. ctg. j 70,000 f 120.000 0 4 0 0 4 0 — — Mount Sisa, N.L J 190,000 0 4 0 0 1 10i — — N. Guinea Derelopments, N.L. 40.000 643,800 0 1 0 0 1 0 — — N. Guinea Gold Deposits, N.L. pd. | 20.000 ( 20,000 0 o 6 0 2 6 — — N. Guinea Gold Deposits, N.L. ctg. ) 100,000 0 o 6 0 1 9 — — N. Guinea Gold Sc Osmiridium, N.L. 10.000 |s, 250,000 80,000 0 2 6 0 2 6 — — N. Guinea Goldfields. Ltd pd. f4,055,186 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 $ 0 6 9 N. Guinea Goldfields. Ltd ctg.* } 375.000 1 0 0 0 1 0 — — N. Guinea Options. Ltd., N.L. .. pd. | 50,000 S 50.000 0 2 0 0 2 0 — — N. Guinea Options, Ltd., N.L. . . ctg. | 272.200 0 o 0 0 0 9 — 3 9 0 — North East N. Guinea. N.L. . , North Bast N. Guinea. N.L. . . pd. ctg. [ 50,000 \ 90,000 \ 140,000 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 C 0 0 1 0 1 6 Placer Derelopment, Ltd 3500.000 80,000 $5.00 $5.00 14 4 0 14 7 0 Sloane's New Guinea, N.L pd. ( 25,000 0 2 0 0 2 0 — — Sloane’t New Guinea, N.L ctg.

I 25.000 s. j 200.000 0 o 0 0 0 8 — — * Quotation not granted these sbarei Sept. 23. Sept. 30. Oct. 7. Oct. 14. b £13/18/- s £14/5/- b £14/1/- s £14/4/- b £14 s £14/10/- b £14/3/- s £14/5/- N.G. Goldfields, Ltd.— b 6/6 s 6/7 b 6/6 s 6/6 b 6/7 s 6/8 b 0/7 s 6/8 CTORIES, articles and wonderful pictures tell of Australian life, travel and adventure, as well as overseas features of remarkable interest. Each cover, in colour, a masterpiece. . . .

Readers and advertisers, alike, value The B.P. Magazine/’ Obtainable at all newsagents and booksellers.

MYSTERIOUS SHIPS.

In the Solomon Islands.

PASSENGERS by the steamer “Mataram,” which reached Sydney from the Solomon Islands on September 23, gave information of mysterious vessels cruising in island waters.

Mr. C. R. Bignell, of Ysabel, said that rumours had been heard from time to time of vessels of the sampan type, which carefully avoided all ports. They were very fast, and, although Government launches had been sent to make inquiries, they were never caught. The crews of these vessels were commonly supposed to be trochus shell poachers, but many island residents suspected they had other objects. Recently a number of Japanese had landed on Ysabel Island, and had reported the loss of their vessel.

They stated they were trochus fishers, and that they had been passing through island waters, when they struck a reef.

Mr. Bignell said he was a member of a party which visited the reef and'examined the wrecked vessel. Its was a large sampan, with powerful Diesel engines, and held about 20 tons of trochus shell.

The crew had seemed very large for a vessel of that type. Some weeks later he had also had a report from natives that a Japanese vessel of similar build had put into the island to have repairs made to a hole in the bows, evidenty caused by running on a reef. According to the natives, this vessel was also carrying a very large crew. It left before the arrival of a Government launch.

ANOTHER MYSTERY SHIP.

From Our Oven Correspondent.

KAVIENG, Sept. 20.

Another mystery ship was sighted off the northern passage between Nusa and the mainland at noon on September 2.

She appeared to be of the sampan type, of about 150 tons, propelled by sails and motors.

When first sighted she was sailing along at a steady rate, but when she came opposite the harbour the motors were started and, showing a turn of speed that would easily have doubled that of any local vessel, she disappeared in a westerly direction.

New Guinea And Papuan Gold

SHAREMARKET The following gives details of shares of New Guinea and Papuan goldmining companies, listed on the Sydney Stock Exchange, with latest available market price: WEEKLY FLUCTUATIONS.

The following shows weekly fluctuations for two of the main New Guinea concerns:— Placer D’ment, Ltd. — BULOLO DEPOSITS, LTD.

Adelaide Directors Resign.

MR. CRAWFORD VAUGHAN, chairman, announced during September, at the first annual meeting of Bulolo Gold Deposits, Ltd., that he, Sir Victor Wilson, and Mr. George Thompson (alternate director for Mr. S. J. Laidlaw), found themselves at variance on matters of vital policy with the two remaining directors. They also differed apparently with Sydney shareholders, who held the majority of the shares. They had .no alternative, therefore, but to resign from September 30.

Mr. Vaughan explained that matters of policy included the proposal to be submitted to an extraordinary general meeting of the Company during the following week, to increase the number of directors by two, and transfer the administration from Adelaide to Sydney. The Company had three alternatives—to go into voluntary liquidation and disburse the assets among shareholders; to sell the plant now at Lae and dispose of the 71 boys employed, as well as put the leases and water race up for public tender, and utilise cash assets of the Company in taking up suitable options in New Guinea and Australia ; or to fritter away the money of shareholders in what (in view of the report of the manager. Mr. J. R. Sturkey) appeared to be a fruitless attempt to make the Koranga area profitable. The cash balance was £3600, with calls due of £3038, and convertible assets £2OOO, making a total of about £BOOO.

The report and balance sheet were adopted, and the meeting approved of £4OO being paid to the directors for the past year, a similar amount being fixed for the incoming board.

Bulolo Gold Deposits, Ltd.—Mr. J. R. S'turkey advised from Wau, September 2, sampling alluvial lease 882 to date yields only trace. One bore about middle Skeats lease completed to depth 100 ft., trace of gold 13Jft., balance bore barren: continuing mine bores across . valley.

Sampling by Mr. Sturkey so far appears to ‘indicate some margin of profit in areas now being tested, but are at variance with the estimates of late manager, Mr. Moen.

RUBBER.

Plantation London Para Smoked.

Price on— Per lb.

Per lb.

January 1, 1932 4jd. 3Ad.

February 5 2{d.

March 4 2Ad.

April 1 lid.

May 13 Uld.

June 10 liid.

July 22 .. IHd.

August 5 2id.

September 2 5id. .. 2}d.

October 14 . . 2.403d.

November 11 5d. .. 2.053d.

December 2 5d. .. 2.59d.

January 0, 1933 4Jd. .. 2.43d.

January 27 . . .. .. 2.15d.

February 3 .... 4Jd. .. 2|d.

February 10 4id. .. 2Jd.

March io .. 2Jd.

March 24 4id. .. 2id.

April 7 .. 2.15d.

April 14 . . 2.34d.

April 28 .. 2|d.

May 5 .. 2.81d.

May 12 2.90d.

May 20 .. 3.09d.

June 2 .. 3.50d.

June 9 5 id. . . 3id.

June 23 5}d. .. 3.34d.

June 30 5*d. .. 3.43d.

July 7 53d. 3.71d.

July 14 53d. .. 2.90d.

July 21 53d. .. 4.00d.

July 28 5fd. .. 3.84d.

August 4 .. 4d.

August 11 .. 3.9d.

August 18 5*d. .. 3.78d.

August 25 5id. 3.71d.

September 1 5d. 3.78d.

September 8 4}d. .. 3.54.

September 15 .... 4id. .. 3.054.

September 22 .. 3.71d.

September 29 4 id. 4d.

October 6 ••• 4 id. .. 4.03d.

London.

Price on— January 16, 1031 COPRA.

South Sea, Stm-Dried, Per ton c.I.f. £14 7 6 Plantation, Sun-Dried, Rabaul.

Per ton c.I.f. £14 12 6 February 127 ... £14 12 6 £14 17 6 £14 12 6 £13 17 6 £11 0 0 £11 7 « £11 17 0 £12 6 0 £11 7 0 £11 10 0 £11 B 0 March 27 £14 10 0 April 24 £13 15 0 May 29 £10 17 6 Jnne 12 £11 5 0 Jana 26 £11 15 0 July 10 £12 2 6 July 81 £11 5 0 August 14 £11 7 6 August 28 £11 2 6 September 4 .. , . £10 5 0 £10 7 6 September 25 . . .. £12 15 0 £12 15 0 £12 2 6 October 2 £12 0 0 October SO £13 10 0 £13 15 0 £14 5 0 £13 15 0 £14 10 0 £14 10 0 £14 16 0 £15 9 0 £16 10 0 £16 12 0 £16 5 0 £16 0 0 £14 15 0 £14 17 6 £14 0 0 £13 2 6 £13 0 0 £13 5 0 £13 7 6 £13 17 6 £14 0 0 £13 15 0 £14 0 0 £14 5 0 £14 7 6 £14 5 0 £14 10 0 £14 7 6 £14 5 0 November 6 £14 0 0 November 27 £13 10 0 December 4 £14 5 0 December 18 £14 5 0 January 1, 1032 . .

January 29 £14 10 0 £14 15 0 February 12 .... £16 7 6 February 26 .... £16 10 0 March li £16 2 6 March 25 £14 17 6 April 1 £14 10 0 April 29 £14 15 o May 20 £13 17 6 May 27 £13 0 0 June 3 £12 17 6 June 17 July 1 £13 5 0 July 29 .... £13 15 0 August 12 £13 17 6 August 26 £13 12 6 September 2 .... £13 17 G September 16 .... .... £14 2 6 October 7 £14 5 o October 28 ... . £14 2 6 November 11 £14 7 6 November 18 £14 5 0 December 16 £14 2 6 December 30 .... £13 15 0 £13 17 6 £13 12 6 £13 12 6 £13 5 0 £13 0 0 £12 7 6 £12 5 0 £12 5 0 £11 17 6 £11 10 0 £11 15 0 £11 15 0 £11 10 0 £10 15 0 £10 2 6 January 6, 1933 January 13 £13 10 0 January 20 . £13 2 6 January 27 . £12 17 6 February 3 £12 5 0 February 10 .... £12 2 6 February 17 £12 2 6 February 24 • . fn 15 o March 3 £11 7 6 March 10 March 17 £11 12 G March 24 March 31 April 7 April 14 £10 7 6 £10 12 6 £10 12 G £10 10 0 £10 7 6 ■Pin ip; n April 21 April 28 £10 10 0 May 5 May 12 May 19 May 26 tiv lO U n Jane 2 ill o u -PI 1 A June 9 XXX X«J u £11 10 0 •Pin I s ; n June 16 June 23 IXU X • f u £10 17 6 ■P 11 n n June 30 July 7 XXX u u •Pin it n July 14 Xi" XI \J £10 17 6 ■Pi 1 n July 21 July 28 XXX o u £10 15 0 £10 12 6 £10 12 6 £10 7 6 £10 7 6 £10 2 6 ■PQ 17 ft August 4 August 11 August 18 August 25 September 1 September 8 September 15 . £9 12 6 Xo XI l> £9 17 6 £9 12 6 £9 10 6 September 22 .... £9 10 0 September 29 .. .. £9 7 6 October 6 October 13 £9 10 0 advgt ir i k XT..J ■■ , Auxl. Schooner “NIDELV,”

Designed and Built by L. Halvorsen, in Norway, 1920.

Lars Halvorsen Designer and Builder of SCHOONERS, KETCHES, YACHTS, LAUNCHES, etc.

Can also quote for Second - hand Craft.

Send particulars of your requirements:— HAYES ST., NEUTRAL BAY, SYDNEY. N.S.W.

Market Quotations Range of Prices.

The Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and it regularly publishes the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press.

Coffee.

The following quotations were given on October 17:— Robusta, f a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., Svdney, per cwt., 37/-.

Rohusta, as above, based on 9 gulden to Australian £, fluctuations at date of shipment on buyer’s account; shipment Get., 1933-March, 1934, 32/-.

Arabian (Aden), Hodeidah No. 1 (pure), c.i;f., Sydney, October shipment, per cwt., 67/-.

Longberry Harrar, October shipment No. 1, 66/6.

Importers of Robusta coffee from Java pay the following charges:—As above, per cwt.. 37/-; remitting 2.1} per cent, exchange, 9/3; duty. 4d. per lb., 37/4; primage, 10 per cent., 3/8; landing charges, 1/-; total, 88/3 per cwt., equal to 9%d. per lb., landed cost. Coffee imported from Papua and New Guinea is free from exchange Nov./Dec., prime Semarang. 4}d.; prime Japara, and duty equal to 46/7 per cwt.

Kapok.

Based on an exchange conversion of 9 gulden to the Australian £. the Australian c.i.f. prices current in mid-October were, per lb.: Shipment 4§d.

Cocoa.

Accra, good fermented, 29/9 per cwt.

KAVIENG NOTES.

KAVIENG. Sept. 30.

THE S.D.A. Mission schooner “Vielemani” arrived back from Mussan on September 6 on her way to Rabaul.

She had a very rough trip out and back. On board was Mr. C. Page, jun., from Mussan (who has been very ill, and came in for medical attention); Mrs. Atkins, wife of Rev. Mr. Atkins (in charge of S.D.A. Mission at Mussan) on her way to Rabaul; and Mr.

L. W. Bell, of Allan & Bell, returned from Emira plantation, where he has been doing mechanical work. 45

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

Buying. Selling, Telegraphic transfer .. £110 15 0 £112 0 0 On demand £110 12 6 £111 17 6 Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer . .. £124 5 0 £125 5 0 On demand 124 0 0 124 17 6 30 days 123 15 0 124 5 0 60 days 123 10 0 124 12 6 Average for week ended 25/9/33 ..

Francs to £ Australian 61.80 Average for week ended 3/10/33 ..

Average for week ended 9/10/33 . . 61.68 Average for week ended 16/10/33 . 62.21 Average for Australia on Noumea. week ended 25/9/33 Francs to f Australian 61.60 Average for Aveek ended 3/10/33 61.67 Average for Aveek ended 9/10/33 61.48 Average for week ended 16/10/33 62.01 JIT If you are a planter or trader in New Guinea we can do your buying or selling in a large or small way.

Jl[ If you reside elsewhere and want something in New Guinea: write to us. If it is obtainable we’ll get it for you. flj Our twenty-odd years’ experience in this Territory is the foundation of our business.

G. THOMAS & COMPANY, Rabaul GENERAL AGENTS.

Radios: “Gortom, Rabaul.” P.O. Box 9.

STEAMSHIPS TRADING COMPANY LIMITED, Port Moresby PAPUA. Samarai Chairman and Managing Director: A, S. FITCH.

Shipowners, Wholesale and Retail Merchants and Traders; Shipping Customs and Insurance Agents.

AGENCIES:—At Port Moresby: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Phoenix Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Acme Bakery Co. At Samarai: royal Packet Nav. Co.; Yorkshire Insurance Co.; Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Papuan Rubber & Copra Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.

BRANCHES:—In Papua: Hanauabada, Sivitoi, Aroma, Koki, Hula, Lla SYDNEY: NELSON & ROBERTSON, 12 Spring St.; Melbourne 396 Flinders Lane; London, E. Whiteaway & Co., 7 Chiswell Street, Finsbury London.

Cable Address: “STEAMSHIPS.” Code: Bentleys.

Exchange Quotations The following exchange quotations, gathered in Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney on October 17:— FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

AND BANK OF NEW ZEALAND.

Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £lll. selling £ll3/10/-.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London.

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange Australia, on Western samoa, basis £lOO Samoa—selling £ll3/15/-, buying £llO/15/-.

Exchange, Samos on London, basis £lOO in London: — The above is only a nominal indication. The exchange between Apia and Suva, Apia and New Zealand, Apia and Sydney, and Apia and London, is constantly altering.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK.

From Australia, on Rabaul and Pt. Moresby, fl per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London — 25y 2 per cent.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua and New Guinea, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent.

Papua and New Guinea, on London: Same as Australia on London, and vice versa.

DIRECT TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER.

SELLING RATES.

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia.

Australia on Papeete.

New Caledonia—Through

FRENCH BANK.

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Syduey, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1 per cent, either way. quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea: — On October 17, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 62 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a credit in Noumea of 6,200 francs.

The rates between Sydney and Noumea are not made direct, but depend mostly on the Paris-London telegraphic rate, which fluctuates constantly. It is usually much cheaper to transfer a large sum than a small sum between Sydney and Noumea, as the large sum can be made the subject of a cable to Paris, and its transfer arranged at a fixed price, while the small sum takes the chance of the market; and the banks, of course, guard themselves against loss.

POST OFFICE ORDERS.

The following are the rates for transfer of money between Sydney and Pacific Groups through the General Post Office. All such transfers are limited in amount.

Papua, Mandated Territory of New Guinea, Fiji, New Caledonia —rate 3d. for each f or fraction, with minimum charge of 6d. ; remittances strictly restricted to small amounts for business purposes, at absolute discretion of post office authorities.

Norfolk Island —6d. for £5 or fraction; no restriction; same as Interstate, Solomon Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Tonga.—No actual restriction, but an implied one; rate, 4d. for each £ or fraction for first £6; and 3d. for each additional f, with minimum charge of 9d. Post office orders issued at discretion of post office authorities.

New Hebrides and Tahiti,—No money order issued through post office.

Western ,B'amoa and Cook Islands.—Transfers can be effected by Australian Post Office through New Zealand Post Office; but amounts are limited to £lOO per week per remitter.

Personal Notes From

SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Sept. 26.

After occupying the position of matron of Apia hospital for 8 years, Matron d’Emdon has returned to New Zealand by the “Maui Pomare” on September 21. Matron d’Emdon was very popular in Apia and her many friends sincerely regret her departure.

With her also left Sisters Carmody and McLean, of the Apia hospital staff. The matron and sisters were given a farewell party at the Casino, when many complimentary speeches were delivered.

Numerous changes are announced in the Samoan Administration service.

Miss Lambie, director of the nursing service of the N.Z. Health Department, arrived by last “Maui Pomare” to reorganise the nursery department at Apia hospital, on a smaller basis.

Mr. T. R. Brogem, the architect for Messrs. Burns, Philp’s new business premises, was in Apia for several weeks in connection with work on the new building. The stately premises are nearing completion.

Mr;’''and Mrs. J. W. Liston and sons have returned to Apia from an extended holiday in Ireland. Mr. Liston is the manager of the L.M.S. Printing Office at Malua.

War-time happenings in Samoa are recalled by press reports that Major A.

Loftus Tottenham, once Provost Marshal of the N.Z. occupying force in Samoa, and a well-known personality in Samoa, has taken up film work in England, and has appeared amongst other star roles in the well-known picture “The Flag Lieutenant,” and as Admiral Collingwood in “The Life of Nelson.”

Mr. W. J. Crowther has been appointed treasurer and collector of Customs in place of Mr. Pound, who is to leave shortly.

Mr. and Mrs. Glover left by last “Maui Pomare” for New Zealand. Mr.

Glover was on the office staff of Apia hospital.

Mr. Lownie, receiver of Customs, returns to New Zealand, and is to be replaced by Mr. Boyd.

Judge A. McCarthy has been appointed Registrar of the Supreme Court at Auckland, N.Z., and will be leaving shortly. 46 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Per S.S. Morinda.

Sydney Nov 2 Nov 14 Dec- 5 Lord Howe Nov 4 Nov 16 Dec 7 Norfolk Is.

Nov 0-7 Nov 18 -1!) Dec 9 Vilfi Nov 22 Bushman’s Bay Nov 23 Malo \ Nov 2 >3 Segond J Aoba N ov 24 Vila Nov 2g Norfolk Is.

Nov 7 Nov 28 Dec- Lord Howe Nov 9 Nov 30 Dec 11 Sydney Nov 11 Dec 2 Dec 13 (Subject to alteration without notice.) Burns, Philo & Co . Ltd., Agents.

Hongkong Friderun.

Breuierhaven.

Dec 2S Madang Snlamaua Jan 13 Rabaul Kavieng Manus Tulagi Gizo Jan 17 OO Kieta •i <t n J.i j ji i} 20 Madang Rabaul Feb 8 Hongkong Jan 17 Feb 23 Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen.

Per S.S. Mataram.

Svdnev Vnv 8 Dec Dec 16 18 Brisbane ■ Nov 10 Tulagi Makambo I Vnv In-17 Dec 23-25 Gavutu Su’u Xov 18 Dec Dec 26 Aola ] Rere | Kaukaul j Rere ) 1 [ — - Nov 18 27 Teneru Nov 19 Dec- Dec 27 Lunga Kookoom Nov ID * ‘ Mamara ] oq Domma ( uec Lavoro Dec Dec Dec 29 Yandina ] Banika Loabie J Ufa ) Fa lam | } Nov 20 30 30 Y. Pepsale j Kaylah f Nov 20 Dec 30 Meringe D. 31 -J. 1 West Bay ) Somata | Marobo Nov Nov 20 21 Rendova ) Kenelo ( Ha thorn S Jan 2 Vila V Nov 22 Stanraore J -23 Gizo Bagga Nov Nov 24 Jan 2 Faisi Gizo Tetipari Russell Group Tulagi Brisbane Sydney (Subject to alteration Burns, Philp & Co., Nov Nov Nov Nov 27 Nov Dec Dec without , Ltd., 25 Jan 20 Jan 26 Jan 28 Jan 29 Jan 4 Jan 6 Jan notice.) Agents. 3-4 5 5 6-7 8 13 15 Per S.S. Laperouse.

Sydney OQ Noumea UPC (.0 Vila I)e< Dl k (S'anto ov Q 1 Vila t e<? ol o Hongkong Jan 1 o i o Haiphong •I a n Ol Ol Saigon Z1 -Z-t 21-2H Vila •1 (ill Noumea r rll 15-17 Of Sydney r tju V/vK Messagenes Maritimes Co., Agents.

Montoro.

Macdhui.

Montoro.

Sydney Nov ] Nov 23 Dec- 13 Brisbane Nov 3 Nov 23 Dec 15 Townsville Nov G Nov 28 Dec 18 Nov Nov Dec Dee 19 21 Pt. Moresby . 9 Nov 30 Tnlp Is Dec Dec 22 Samarai ....

Nov 10-11 Dec 1 23-24 Woodlark Is. .

Nov 12 Eabuul Nov 14-13 Dec 3-5 Dec 26-28 Kavieng .. ..

Nov 16-17 Dec 29-30 Nov Nov f 18 19 31 I Boram Jan Lae Salamaua Dec 7-8 Madang ....

Nov 20-21 Dec 9 Jan 2-3 Salamaua Lae | Nov 22-°:{ — Jan 4-3 Kavieng ....

Dec 11-12 Rabaul Nov 25 Dec 13 Jan s Kieta Dec Dec Dec 14 15 16 Numa Soraken ....

Rabaul Nov 23 Dec 18 Jan Jan 8 Samarai ....

Nov 27 Dec 20 10 Pt. Moresby .

Nov 28 Dec 21 Jan 11 Cairns Nov 30 Jan 13 Brisbane ....

Dec 3 Dec 24 Jan 16 AVdnev rj Dec Ltd. 26 Jan , Agents. 18 Burns, Philp & Co., Tanda.

Nank in.

Hongkong Dec 2 Dec 30 Manila Dec 5 Jan 2 Rabaul . Dec 13 Jan 10 Brisbane . Dec 19 Jan 16 Sydney Dec 21 Jan 18 Melbourne, dep Jan 4 Feb 1 .Sydney, dep Jan 13 Feb 10 Brisbane 13 Feb 20 Rabaul Jan 23 Feb 12 Manila Jan 31 Feb 28 Hongkong Feb 3 Mar 3 E. & A. Steamship Co. Ltd., Agents.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong, New Guinea, British Solomon Islands Service.

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “FRIDERUN” and S.S. ‘‘BREMERHAVEN. ”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the. world.

For further particulars apply to M E LC HERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8. 423, Hongkong, C. A. M. ADELSKOLD, N.D.L. Agents, Rabaul.

GREENWOOD & LAWS, N.D.L. Agents, Rabaul.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, China.

Sydney.

Shipping Services in the Pacific Sydney—Papua—New Guinea Service.

Sydney—Rabaul—Hongkong.

Papuan Inter-Island Services.

S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Kapa Kapa. Abau. Baibara, Samarai, and back by same route; then Port Moresby to Hisiu, Yule Island, Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori, Darn and back via Orokolo, Yule Is., and Hisiu —full trip occupying about one month.

The m.v. “Nusa” (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the northeast coast of Papua. The “Nusa” connects with all southern mail steamers at Samarai.

N.G. Goldfields’ Service.

Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways, Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services, Ltd., and other companies, leave 3'alamaua and Lae two and three times daily for Wau, and other centres on the Morobe Goldfield. The aerial services are—the only means of communication.

WAU—POET MORESBY.

A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways, Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby.

New Guinea Inter-Island Service.

S.s. Maiwara (Burns. Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports. 5.5. Mirani (Burns, Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Guinea mainland ports. 5.5. Duris. s.s. Durour (W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory.

Sydney—Norfolk Island— New Hebrides.

Hongkong - New Guinea - Solomon Islands Service.

Sydney-Fiji Service.

The Karetu will leave Sydney on Friday.

Sep ember 22 for Fiji, and will call at Lautoka (an Sept. 29), Shiva (arr. Sept. 30, dep. Oct. 5), Auckland (arr. Oct. 10). Return to Sydney direct.

Union S.S. Cos. Ltd., Agents.

New Hebrides Inter-Island.

S.S. Makambo (Burns, Philp (South Sea) Cos., tv ( V °°nnects every 6 weeks at Vila with s.s.

Morinda from Sydney, then proceeds on southern trip, calling at the islands of Efate. Erronmanga, Tanna, Aneityum, and returns to Vila tnp occupying 7 or 8 days. After 2 or 3 days at \ ila, departs on northern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Mai. Tongoa, Epi, Paama.

Ambrym, Malekula, Abba, Malo. Santo, and returns to Vila—trip occupying 25 to 28 days. essel extends to Banks Group every second tn P’ equivalent to about every three months. • i ‘Bucephale,” Messageries Maritimes inter island service steamer, makes regular trips to 1 anna every two months, connecting at Vila with the “Laperouse.”

Solomon Islands Service.

Solomons Inter-Island Service S.S. Mitiaro (Burns, Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), maintains a regular service. The interisland vessels of Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., and W. R. Carpenter & Co. run down from ’ New Guinea on a regular schedule.

Gilbert and Ellice Islands Service.

M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns, Philp (South Sea) Co.. Ltd.). Operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all Islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

Noumea—New Hebrides Service. 47

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

Mariposa.

Monterey.

Mariposi a.

Honolulu Nov 20 Dec- 18 Jan 15 Pago Pago ..

Nov 2-', Dec 23 Jan 20 Suva Nov 28 Dec 26 Jan 23 Auckland Dec 1 Dec 29 Jan 26 ,Sidney Dec 4 Jan 1 Jan 29 Alelbourne Dec S Jan 5 Feb o Sydney, dep. .

Dec 13 Jan 10 Feb 7 Auckland Dec 16 Jan 13 Feb 10 Suva Dec 19 Jan 10 Feb 13 Pago Pago . .

Dec 20 Jan IT Feb 14 Honolulu Dec 25 Jan 2° Feb 19 The Ocean ic Steamship O o Matson Line.

Agents.

Makura.

Maunganui.

Makura.

Papeete ....

Nov 4 Dec o Dec 30 Rarotonga Nov 7 Dec 5 Jan 2 Wellington Nov 13 Dec 11 Jan 8 Sydney Nov IS Dec 16 Jan 13 Sydney Nov 23 Dec 21 Jan is Wellington Nov 28 Dec 26 Jan 23 Rarotonga Dec 2 Dec 30 Jan 27 Papeete ....

Dec 4 Jan 1 Jan 29 Union s.s.

O o Ltd., Agents.

Per S. ,S. Van Rees. 9 Mar 13 Batavia Jan 13-15 Mar 17-19 Samarang Jan 16 Mar 20 Pt. Moresby Jan 25 Mar 29 Samarai 27 Mar 31 Rabaul Jan 29-30 Apl Apl Apl Apl Apl May May . Lti 2-3 Vila Feb 5 9 Noumea Feb 7-9 11-13 Sydney Feb 13-16 18-20 Pt. Moresby Feb 23 27 Batavia Mar 6-8 8-10 Saigon Afar 12 14 Royal Packet Navigation Co d.

Niagara.

Aorangi.

Nlagari a.

Honolulu ....

Nov 13 Dec 13 Jan 10 Suva Nov 24 Dec 20 Jan 19 Auckland Nov 27 Dec 23 Jan 22 Sydney Dec 2 Dec 30 Jan 27 Sydney, dep. .

Dec 7 Jan 4 Feb 1 Auckland Dec 12 Jan 9 Feb 6 Suva Dec 15 Jan 12 Feb 9 Honolulu Dec 22 Jan 19 Feb 16 Union S.S. d O Ltd., Agents.

“ UNION ”

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Send for Free Pamphlets on all Concrete Problems.

COMPETITIVE PRICES. :: ENQUIRIES INVITED.

THE COMMONWEALTH PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY LTD., SYDNEY and PORTLAND, N.S.W.

Postal Address: Telegraphic Address: Box 1571 E, G.P.O. “LIMERIEZ”

SYDNEY. SYDNEY.

Pacific Maps

WE have completed arrangements with the well-known firm of Map Publishers, Messrs. H. E. C. Robinson, Ltd., of Sydney, under which we are able to supply modem maps of the Pacific region, or of any of the chief Groups and Territories, at a price which includes cost of postage and despatch.

Some of the Pacific Maps now available are listed below. Others are in course of preparation. If a map of any Island or District is specially required, please give us details, and a quotation for same will be sent at once.

FOR SALE: OCEANIA. —A clear map of the Pacific from Australia to America, east and west, Japan on the north and New Zealand on the south. Showing all trade routes, with mileage thereon, and clearly defining all the Mandated Territories by tints of colour. SIZE; 30in. x 40in. PRICE: £l/5/-, including Postage.

MAP OF MOROBE DISTRICT, NEW GUINEA, MANDATED TERRITORY (Mercator’s Projection). —SCALE at equator, 6 Statute Miles to an inch. These maps have been compiled from all the official data Messrs. Robinson have been able to collect, much of which has been supplied by Mr. Ralph W. Gossett, an authorised Surveyor of the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. SIZE: 30in. x 40in. PRICE, 20/-.

AUSTRALASIA.— A good clear Map of Australia and Surroundings, extending on the North to Borneo and Caroline Islands; South to Tasmania and New Zealand- East to Fiji Islands; West to Singapore—showing all the Islands, with the Principal Trade Routes and Mileage. A clear index to places is printed beneath the Map. SIZE: 28in. x 30in. PRICE: Paper, 2/6; Cloth and Rollers, 7/6.

PAPUA AND NEW GUI N EA— Compiled from the Published Maps of Evan R.

Stanley F.G.S., Geologist. A good Map, showing detail and boundaries. SIZE: 30in, x 40in, PRICE, Black only, 15/-; Coloured, showing Geological formation, £ 1.

MOROBE GOLDFIELDS. —A clear detail Map of Bulolo area of Morobe Goldfields, showing Road-Tracks and Air Routes from Salamaua and Lae to the Goldfields.

SCALE: 2 miles to an inch—Statute Miles. By Chas. Lexius Burlington. SIZE: 30in. x 32in. PRICE, 12/6.

All Communications To—

PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS LTD., UNION HOUSE, 247 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY. P.O. Box 3408 R.

New Zealand—Samoa.

N.Z. Government steamer Maui Pomare (malls, passengers and cargo) carries on a regular service between New Zealand ports and Western Sam«a.

Samoan Inter-Island Service.

A.S. Makoa, 250 tons (Burns, Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.). Operates from Apia and connects regularly with Pago Pago, also Tokelaus, Swain, Nasau, Puka-Puka and Phoenix Groups.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Samoa —Hawaii.

Sydney—N.Z.—Cook Is.— Tahiti.

Saigon—Java—Noumea Line.

Sydney-—N.Z.—Fiji—Hawaii.

Fiji Inter-Island Service.

S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns, Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government. Regular four weekly itinerary comprises:—Two trips each Suva to Levuka, Savu Savu, Taveuni, Buca Bay and Rabi, returning by same route to Suva—trip occupying 8 days.

Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington—trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

M.S. Sir John Forrest (Fiji Shipping Co., Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Levuka, Savu Savu, Nabouwalu, Baulailai, Lekutu, Dreketi, Raduri, Labasa, and return by the same route, round trip occupying about 9 days.

M.s. Adi Rewa (Fiji Shipping Co., Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Ba and Lautoka, round voyage occupying four days.

Ocean Island—Nauru Service British Phosphate Commission, 16 Spring St., Sydney, sends boats irregularly. 48 October 24, 1933.

The Pacific Islands Monthly

Wholly Set Up and Printed In Australia by Shipping Nbwsfapbks Ltd., 16 Bond Street, Sydney, and Published by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union Uout« 247 George Street, Sydney. Telephone: BW 5037.

Goldfields Aerial Transport Service mm 00^ n/H m m iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Thre« of the Large Tri - motored Aeroplanes, operated by Guinea Airways Ltd., on Bulolo Aerodrome, in the heart of the New Guinea Mountains.

Illllllllillllllllllllllllllllllll SIX years ago, the Morobe Goldfield, in the Interior of New Guinea, was almost inaccessible.

The country is so mountainous and broken that roads cannot be built, except at enormous cost. Transport was by native carriers, travelling 3 or 6 miles per day.

Then came Aeroplanes. The trip from the coast to the goldfield took under 30 minutes, instead of Bto 10 days. Aeroplanes carried in engineers and artisans, native labourers and foodstuffs, dredges, motor trucks, building material, hydro-electric machinery.

To-day, the Morobe goldfield is the seat of a great, growing and flourishing industry, winning much new wealth for the Territory, and giving employment to hundreds of Europeans.

Guinea Airways Ltd., launching this unique aerial service, originally with one machine and a handful of men, now operate a fleet of aeroplanes— including three very large tri-motored monoplanes—and employ 80 Europeans and a numerous native staff. Their aeroplanes run on fixed timetables from Lae, Salamaua, Bulolo, Wau and Port Moresby, carrying passengers and freight, and maintaining regular communication between 26 aerodromes.

New parties of Prospectors are constantly opening up new country, pushing steadily into the almost unknown interior. They make camp, and clear an aerodrome; and, within a few days, Guinea Airways’ planes are arriving with supplies. This pioneering work goes on ceaselessly. Guinea Airways, with their unique experience, skilled personnel and modern equipment, are ready and waiting to operate wherever they are needed.

Guinea Airways Its

26 AERODROMES.

BABUAF BULOLO BULWA GABANZIZ GARINA JUNI KAJABIT KIDJURA KOKODA* KABUNA* LAE MT, HAGEN MARILINAN NADZAB * In PORT MORESBY* PURARI RAMU SALAMAUA SANGAN SUNSHINE SURPRISE CK.

UP. WATUT WAHGI WAMPIT WAU ZENAG Papua.

Lae • Salamaua

III

The Pacific Islands Monthly

October 24, 1933.

H &/, * / ■ . V / <?« ,. 0 4// Q “ *! > • *N» ee V *, "• a J <*/ W **# f ***** v, *<*.• / H, 5 o THE PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY, October 2I f , 1933.