PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly VOL. VIII. No. 8.

March 24, 1988 _ _ .

IRegistered sQt the G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission hy post as a newspaper .] 8 a Kunda (or caneswallowing) as practised by natives of the Purari, Central New Guinea. This native has just forced down his throat 19 inches of doubled-up cane (38 inches altogether), the cane being thin and flexible, and ¼ inch in diameter.

Photo, by Courtesy of Melanesian Mission.

trnwm 1

Fly Air Mail Sydney-New Guinea

T'HE New Weekly Aeroplane Service, for Passengers, Mails and Urgent Cargo, between Sydney A and Rabaul, will be commenced in April by W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd., under contract with the Commonwealth Government.

The Service will be carried on with the most modern 4-engined De Havilland Express Airliners, which have luxurious accommodation for 10 passengers, plus space for mails and cargo. * ■ 4)’( «K % ■ m i A Recent Photograph of one of the new De Havilland 10-Passenger Aeroplanes to he used in this Service.

The machine in flight.

EVERY TUESDAY.

Dep. Sydney 7 a.m.

Brisbane, 10.40 a.m.; Rockhampton, p.m.

Arr. Townsville, 5.05 p.m.

EVERY WEDNESDAY.

Dep. Townsville, 7 a.m.

Cairns 8.20 a.m., Cooktown 9.25 a.m.

Moresby 1.40 p.m. dep. 2.40 p.m.

Arr. Salamaua, 4.10 p.m.

EVERY THURSDAY.

Dep. Salamaua, 7 a.m.

Arr. Rabaul, 10.5 a.m.

TIMETABLE AND ROUTE.

EVERY FRIDAY.

SINGLE AND RETURN FARES.

Dep. Rabaul 1 p'.m. 1.46 Arr. Salamaua, 4 p.m.

EVERY SATURDAY.

Dep. Salamaua, 6.30 a.m.

Pt. Moresby, arr. 8 a.m., dep. 8.30 a.m., Cooktown, noon, Cairns 1.50 p.m.

Pt. Arr. Townsville, 3.30 p.m.

EVERY SUNDAY.

Brisbane, 12.50 Dep. Townsville 7 a.m.

Rockhampton, 9.55 a.m p.m.

Arr. Sydney 5.30 p.m.

Luggage not exceeding 15 cub. feet, or 5 per cent, of value of fare of each passenger, will, if required, be sent on by next available steamer, without extra cost.

Sydney Brisbane 99 Rockhampt 99 Townsville Cairns Cooktown Port Mores Salamaua Full Details of the Sydney-New Guinea Air-Mail Service may be obtained on application to— W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners.

AGENTS for Australian, European and American Manufacturers and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise : Complete Range of all Stocks Carried.

Head Office: 19-21 O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY.

Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain), KAVIENG (New Ireland) MADANG CtahM). LONDON (New Guinea), TULAGI (Solomon Islands), SUVA (Fiji), and other Pacific Islands, and Buyers and Shippers of; Copra, Trocas, and all Classes of Islands Produce.

Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

OUT OF THE EAST GOMES KPM LINE...

Sour A Baya

, A ? ft ft B A U I MAUft* jo “MAftftl POM V t LA \ NOU M I A

To Link The South Pacific Islands

With New Zealand And Australia

KPM

South Pacific Line

Royal Packet Navigation Co.

Ltd., Paketvaart House, 255 George Street, Sydney. (N. V. Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij—lncorated in the Netherlands).

New schedules will commence July with the placing of the well-known passenger steamer "Tasman" on this service, in conjunction with the splendid new motor vessel "Maetsuycker" at present in commission. Routes of each are: "TASMAN" (as from July). Saigon, Singapore, Batavia, Samarang, Sourabaya, Port Moresby, Port Vila, Noumea, Auckland, Wellington, Sydney, Port Moresby, Sourabaya, Samarang, Batavia, Singapore, Saigon. "MAETSUYCKER" (as from August).

Saigon, Singapore, Batavia, Samarang, Sourabaya, Port Moresby, Samarai, Salamaua, Rabaul, Auckland, Wellington, Sydney, Port Moresby, Sourabaya, Samarang, Batavia, Singapore, Saigon.

Saigon, Diethelm & Co.: Port Moresby and Samarai, Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.: Rabaul and Salamaua. W. R.

Carpenter & Co. Ltd.; Port Vila. Gubbay Freres; Noumea, Carlo Leoni: Auckland, Russell & Somers Ltd.; Wellington. Johnston & Co. Ltd.

Pacific Islands Travellers

PASSENGERS PER “MORINDA” WHICH AR- RIVED IN SYDNEY FROM LORD HOWE IS., NORFOLK IS., AND NEW HEBRIDES ON FEB- RUARY 22:—Messrs. Alderson, Astley, Bidwell, Blake, Bremner, Buffett (2), Sevan, Bragg, Brown, Browne, Burns, Coghlan, Christian, Donnelley, Ferguson, Frazer, Flack, Gilchrist, Hawthorne, Hetherington, Hyder, Jaede, Jukes, Jackson, Johnson. Lawson, Mackley, Morris (2), Morse, Nobbs, Nicholls, Nott, Payten, Perry, Rickman, Saunders, Sykes, v/’alkenburg, Williams. Mesdames Astley, Blake, Butt, Sevan, Brown, Bulman, Chapman, Donnelley, Frazer, Ferguson, Gilchrist, Hawthorne, Johnson, Jaede, Lawrence, Nicholls, Perry, Saunders, Scott, Whittaker.

Misses Austin, Bone, Bennett, Bishton, Christian, Cunneen, Dupertius, Gubbay, Gladwin, Goodwin, Morgan-Jones, Kerr, Lawrence, Mc- Leod, Mudge (2), Ruffles, Russell, Saunders, Shardlow, Shearer, Sweetman, Thompson, Taylor, Wilson.

PASSENGERS PER “MONTORO” WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For New Guinea And

PAPUA ON FEBRUARY 23:—Messrs. Acret, Bristowe, Bridgen, Byrne, Brennan, Bell, Brechin, Bliss, Butler, Baker, Cook, Connell, Clanville. Carter, Chalmers, Casey, Davis, Doggett, Draper, Ede, Franklin, Gollin, Graham, Gray, Glasson, Gore, Goodwin (2), Gribben, Hearn, Higgins, Hall, Holden, Israel, Inman, Justice, Johnson, Knight, Kershaw, Keenan, Kirwan, Lovegreen, Lyons, Lawrence, Moody, Moulton, Mullaly, Montgomery, Morton, McLean, Mason, Marriott, Moore (2), McFarlane, Nelson, Probert, Polinovsky, Russ, Rayner, Robson, Skinner, Seeker, Soraghan, Salzmann, Sanderson, Shedden, Swanson, Short, Tucker, Till, Waters, Williams, Wood, Wilson, Woods, Yourn. Mesdames Ashley, Beaton, Baker, Bannon, Brennan, Brechin, Campbell, Collins, Callanan, Davis, Draper, Evenett, Froggatt, Graham, Gazzard. Gore, Hanley, Hall, Hearn, Moody, Moore, O’Donnell, Simpson, Sutherland, Schilling, Sullivan, Waters, Wright, Whittaker, Williams. Misses Cooper, Caswell, College, Howard, McArthur, O’Donnell (2), Ryan (2), Salas, Stock, Swanson, Wessel.

Passengers Per “Morinda” Which

Sailed From Sydney For Lord Howe And

NORFOLK IS. ON MARCH 5: Messrs. Ashcroft, Badgery, Boyce, Campbell, Craig, Darban, Dobinson, Ewing, Gilroy, Harris, Heaslip, Legge, McDonald, Minter, MacCullagh, Pockley, Robinson, Randall, Stanger-Leathers, Simpson, Sainsbury, Waddell, Younger, Zeunert. Mesdames Ashcroft, Campbell, Dobinson, Hillier, Johnstone, Metcalfe, Menzies, Robinson, Shearston, Williams. Misses Anschau, Allan, Bayley, Barclay, Bucknell, Buist, MacDonald, MacKinnon, Morrell, O’Neill, Phillpott, Reynolds, Ryall, Stocks, Skelton, Swadling, Trevarthen, Taylor, Williams.

Passengers Per “Macdhui” Which

Reached Sydney From Papua And New

GUINEA ON MARCH 7: Messrs. Angel, Anderson, Bamgarten, Bawden, Broadhurst, Butler, Brennan, Burns, Clarke, Collier, Cole, Costa (4), Cande, Drane, Edgell, Frost, Fahey, Gunnder, Grant, Gibhn, Hutchinson, Hopkins, Hamilton, Hill, Halcombe, Jewell, Johnson, Joiner, Kyngdon, Kennedy, Lock, McGranahan, Macarthur, Mann, Mitchell, Malcolm, Murphy, Macdonald, Nisbet, Pike, Pellizzaro, Parbury, Phillips, Robinson, Sinclair, Slaviero, Strachan, Styants, Shaw, Smith, Trowsdale, Taylor, Voss, Way, Watch, Williams, Wiedeman, Wolfcarius, Winters, Zotti. Mesdames Austin, Brown, Broadhurst, Bellamy, Burns, Clarke, Cole, Drane, Henry, Hughes, Hill, Jewell, Macgregor, Mc- Granahan, Murcutt, Russell, Sharp, Taylor.

Misses Brown, Beer, Gofton, Mathieson, Willoughby.

(Continued On Page 80.)

1 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, S.

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCHANTS mi in III!

II! |j |j«~6sS^ Li 111 H •-W 9«Ss m Mi Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney—Australia Code Address: "Burphil"

SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is.—Lord Howe Is. —Norfolk Is. —New Hebrides —Java and Singapore ADVERTISERS.

Abrahams & Sons Pty., Ltd., A. . 75 “Alnwick” Kindergarten 65 Amalgamated Wireless of Aust. Ltd. 76 Angus & Coote Ltd. 21 Arnott’s Biscuits . 54 “Aspro” 24 “Ausoline” 70 Baker & Co., Ltd., Jno 14 8.A.L.M., Ltd. ... 50 Bank of N.S.W. . . 74 Berger & Sons Ltd. 44 “Bernly’’ Guest Hse 24 Blau (Aust.), Robt. 64 Briggs & Sons, Ltd. 17 Broomfields, Ltd. . 47 Brotherton, Ltd., A.

B 52 Brunton’s Flour .. 55 Bullivants, Ltd. .. 53 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 Burns, Philp & Co. 30 B.P. (S.S.) Co. .. 37 Carpenter, W. R.

Limited ii.

Chapman & Sherack 26 Chivers & Sons Ltd. 39 Clarkson, L. B. .. 77 Clyde Engineering Co., Ltd 51 Coleman Lamp Co. 29 Commercial Steels (Aust.), Ltd. ... 31 Coral Starch .. .. 34 Cosmopolitan Hotel 80 Crossle, Duff & Macintosh, Ltd. . 70 “Cystex” 58 Del Cott Pty., Ltd. 49 Dewar’s Whisky . 32 Doans’ Pills 66 Dobell Pty., Ltd. . 16 Donald, A. 8., Ltd. 60 Eaton, Ltd., J. W. 45 Electrolux Refrigerators 22 Eno’s Fruit Salt . 14 Excelsior Supply Co 48 Fairbanks - Morse Limited 25 “Fairholm” College 17 Finau, Wm 16 Fletcher & Sons . 50 “Flit” 19 Ford Sherington Ltd 28 “44 Macleay St.” 65 Poster Clark (Aus.) Limited 21- Preeman’s Sports Store 57 Fryer, A. C. ~ ..30 Garden Vale Products, Ltd. . . .34 Garrett & Davidson 68 Gillespie’s Flour .. 36 Gourock Rope Co. 79 Grand pacific notel 61 Grove & Sons, W. n 20 Guinea Airways Ltd iii.

Hallstroms Pty Ltd 38 Halvorsen Sons Ltd. 78 Holbrook’s, Ltd. ... 41 Horlicks Malted Milk 67 Hornadge, W 32 Horne, W. & Co. . 60 Hotel Moresby . .. 80 1.C.1.A.N.Z., Ltd. . 71 International Correspo n d e n c e School 12 Jones & Co Ltd, H. 37 Ketch For Sale . 77 Kodak Pty., Ltd. . 15 Kopsen & Co. Ltd. 63 Kork-N-Seal, Ltd. . 39 Lane & Girvan Ltd 45 Levenson’s Radio . 72 Light Aeroplane Co.

Ltd 77 Lloyd & Co., Pty., Ltd 13 Mcllrath’s Ltd. ... 19 McLeod, Bolton & Co., Ltd -75 Maleham & Yeomans, Ltd 48 Master Sewing Machine Co. . . .42 Maxwell Porter Ltd 45 Miller & Co. Pty., Ltd 52 Morris, Hedstrom Limited 62 N.D.L 79 Nelson & Robertson Pty., Ltd. . . 59, 71 Nestle’s Milk .. .40 Newland Bros. Ltd. 43 New Zealand Distributors, Ltd. .. 42 Noyes Bros., Ltd. . 70 Oxymel Oil and Paint Co., Ltd. . 77 Pabst Canned Beer 55 Pacific Is. Club . 11 Papua, Hotel, The 80 Paris Trade Fair . 12 Pike Bros., Ltd. . 16 Positions Wanted 52, 74 Prescott, Ltd. . . .35 Price’s Radio Serv. 26 Prouds, Ltd 13 Ransomes Sims & Jeffries* Ltd). .. 62 Reed, Wm. E. .. .54 Reid, W. M. . . 36, 64 Reilingh, W. '.. ..53 Riverstone Meat Co.

Limited 18 Rohu, Sil 71 Royal Packet Co. 1 Ruston & Hornsby 46 Scott’s Emulsion .. 12 Scott, Ltd., J. .. .47 Scott & Sons ... 53 Springwood L. Coll. 14 Stanley, Chris. .. .37 Stanley & Co. . .. 79 Steamships Trading Co., Ltd 59 Sterling Varnish Co 11 Sullivan, Ltd., C. . 30 Sullivan, Ltd., J. J. 38 Swallow & Ariell . 35 Talkeries 56 Taylor & Co., A. .. 68 “Tenax” Soap .. .66 Thompson’s Eng’r & Pipe Co. Ltd. 69 Tillock & Co., Ltd. 29 Tooheys, Ltd. .. .23 “Top Dog” Men’s Wear 33 Tooth & Co iv.

Vacuum Oil Co. .. 27 Vincent’s A.P.C. .. 65 Webb & Co., A. ..56 West, Harry 55 Weymark & Son . 39 Wills, W. D. and H. 0., Ltd. .. .33 Woods Peppermint Cure 73 Wright & Co. Ltd., E 47 Wunderlich, Ltd. . 45 Contents Pacific Islands Travellers 1 What Britain is Facing Alone .. 3 “Nutfall” in the Solomons .... 5 Sydney-Rabaul Air-mail 5 Japan’s Mandated Islands 5 Retirement of Papuan Treasurer . . 6 N.G. Committee’s Search for New Capital Site 6 Central Pacific Aviation 8 Friendly Rival Claims for Canton Island 9 “Jimmy” Sim Leaves 8.5.1 10 Tropicalities 11 About Islands People 12 Tongan Taxpayers in Default .... 14 Ruining Native Labourers 17 Kukukukus Attack Oil Searchers .. 18 Cook Islands Fruit 20 Superannuation and Water Supply in Port Moresby 23 Japanese Busy in N. Caledonia . . 25 Papuan Mission System Criticised .. 26 Australia and the New Hebrides . . 30 Oil Search in Papua 32 Death of Samoa’s Oldest Inhabitant 35 Tonga’s First Book 38 Prospecting in Dutch N.G 41 Tongans Honour their Crown Prince 43 The ‘‘Mystery Stone” of Tahiti . . 44 Rabaul To-day 46 The Nono Tree 48 Mystery of Lope De Vega 52 Japan and the Philippines 53 Memories of the “Beulah” 55 Violent Storm Hits Fiji 60 Success of Cinchona Trees in N.G. 63 Tulagi and its Chinatown 65 Pacific Mining Notes 68 Books for the Islands 71 Radio Programmes 73 Copra Market Outlook 74 Produce and Exchange Rates .... 75 Market Prices 76 Shipping Timetables 77 2 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas [Registered at the G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper J Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea.

Bismarck Archipelago and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

TTTT J Managing Director ...... 8W5037 TELErnONL -j Business and Editorial MA7IOI P.O. BOX 8408 R Registered Address of Telegrams, Radiograms, and Cables: “Pacpub,” Sydney.

CONTRIBUTIONS Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islaiids subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates

Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid, Post Free 8/- Per Annum, elsewhere, prepaid. Post Free 10/- Single Copies Bd.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON. F.R.G.S.

Assisted by Selwyn Hughes.

ADVERTISEMENTS Advertising Manager: L. W. Bailey.

Advertising office and Printing-House: 29 Alberta St., Sydney.

Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc. by Arrangement Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

AGENTS The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for the Pacific Islands Monthly;— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.. and Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Co.. Ltd.

All Branches of Morris. Hedstrom & Co., Ltd.

G. Thomas & Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

T. A. Olsson, Wau, New Guinea.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai. Papua.

Steamships Trading Co., Papua. All Branches.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji.

N. C. Mackenzie-Hunt. Wainunu, Bua, Fiji.

All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd.. Auckland, New Zealand.

Cook Islands Trading Co.. Rarotonga. Cook Is.

A. C. Rowland, Papeete, Tahiti.

Representative in London; W. C. HARVEY, Coronation Building. 4 Lloyds Avenue, London, E.C.2. from whom may be obtained copies of Pacific Islands Monthly, Pacific Islands Year Book, advertising schedules, etc.

Vol. VIII. No. 8.

Sydney, March 24, 1938. ( 8d - Per c°pyr rice ( Prepaid; 8/- p.a.

WHAT BRITAIN IS FACING ALONE.

SLOWLY, in the murk and confusion of international politics, we are beginning to see the shape of British policy in the Pacific.

To understand that policy, it is necessary to recognise what apparently are basic facts, and their relation to the future safety of British countries in the Pacific. They are:— I.—Japan, under the compulsion of over-population, and directed by a new Fascist-militarist force, has abandoned her former international obligations, and has embarked upon a policy designed to give her ultimately the mastery of the Pacific. 2.—The Japanese, before hurling their armies upon China, made a pact, apparently embodying the protection of each other’s interests, with Germany and Italy. 3.—British interests in the Far East, and especially in China, Hong Kong, Malaya and India, are profoundly affected by Japan’s new policy, and by her attack on China. Japan’s attitude towards the British in China, and in Asia generally, has become intolerably insolent and defiant. 4. Britain has suffered Japanese insolence and insults patiently, rather than go to war under conditions planned by Japan. War would have meant that Britain would have had to fight an enemy thousands of miles away, under the threat of attack in Europe by Germany and Italy, while she could get no guarantee of help from the only other powerful fleet in the Pacific—the American. 5. —lt is clear now that the United States will not make common cause with Britain in maintaining the status quo in the Orient. American policy is simply that of keeping Japan on her own side of a line running north and south through the Pacific, westward of Hawaii. That policy apparently envisages the eventual abandonment of the Philippines. American interests are being withdrawn from China. It is a policy of peace at any price, framed in deference to American public opinion—-which, in turn, is moulded by the worstinformed, noisiest and most sensational newspaper press in the world.

The few million Americans capable of thinking analytically, and looking into the future, are swamped by one hundred million others who are the amazing, ignorant product of “freedom under the eagle”. These people imagine that they can stay safely at home, their future secure, while the other nations destroy themselves, if they have a mind to. 6. —Britain, then, must rely upon her own strength, if she is to hold her great Empire together. Her only dependable ally is France; and France is being progressively, weakened at home by ceaseless political intrigue and economic decay, and compromised by her alliance with Russia.

There is the width of the world between imperialistic England and crazy, Communist Russia. 7. —Within the last few weeks, Britain has made announcements and taken steps which mean, virtually, that the policy of collective security (League of Nations, etc.) has been abandoned; that British armaments are being built up, literally, at a cost of billions of pounds per annum; and that Britain is determined to have a guaranteed peace with her neighbours in Europe. That is why stiffnecked Anthony Eden (pillar of the League, and enemy of Germany and Italy)

was thrown out of the Foreign Office, and why significant conversations have been taking place between Britain and Germany, and Britain and Italy.

Newspaper “ballyhoo” should not colour our judgment of what has just occurred in Austria. This action by Germany has been regarded by wellinformed people, for at least five years, as inevitable. The union of the two great Germanic States is a fundamental part of the Nazi plan.

That same plan envisages peace with France and co-operation with Britain.

Only an attack by Germany upon Czecho-Slovakia will endanger Anglo- German relations. * * * * Having got these things into focus, one begins to see British policy.

Britain, with good reason, has asked herself, Why remain absorbed with entangling alliances and vague enmities in Europe, while Japan is over-running Asia and threatening the British Empire in the Pacific?

Britain hopes that in the shortest possible time she will settle all differences with her European neighbours, and so get her hands clear for a job of work elsewhere.

The settlement of those differences is a matter of supreme concern to residents of the Pacific. It involves the recognition of Italian conquests in Africa, and the transfer of colonial territories to Germany. That there will be a transfer of colonies to Germany is beyond any doubt—the question is, what territories will be transferred. At present, there is no indication; but the best-informed opinion holds still to the theory that Germany will receive a slice of Africa, France comes into the picture at this point, however; and the French have declared, vehemently, that they will not give up any colonial territory for the placation of the Germans.

Having taken the sting out of the “Berlin-Rome-Tokio Axis”—and that, unquestionably, is the immediate object of British foreign policy—Britain will prepare to protect her Orient interests against Japanese penetration and aggression. There is no knowing where that will lead us—probably into war.

We must remember that the Japanese, apart from the remarkable national qualities which have made of them a front-rank Power, are animated by a conceit that Europeans scarcely can comprehend. We know them simply as a small-made Asiatic people, a fecund mixture of Mongol and Malay, lacking somewhat in stamina, with a genius in adaptiveness and national co-operation. But the Japanese regard themselves as a race apart, infinitely superior to all other peoples, endowed by high heaven with a mission for the control and regeneration of all mankind.

They regard all other races with contempt; and, at the back of every Japanese heart, there is the belief that Japan eventually will defeat every European power that marches against her. We may not be inspired by what we have seen of the Emperor of Japan; but these people believe that this member of an ancient dynasty has a divine origin, and has been designated by supernatural power to be the ruler of the world.

They call him “the Son of heaven”.

All this may seem foolish and fantastic, but it represents, in dealing with a people dominated by a fatalistic readiness for sacrifice, a psychological factor of great complexity and difficulty.

British people everywhere must face the possibility of war with Japan.

The thing is not merely a clash of commercial interests—it is deepseated, racial, cultural—a fundamental difference in standards of living, in national organisation, in moral outlook—a struggle, in fact, between two different civilisations. Britain takes the lead on behalf of Western civilisation, naturally, because she represents all that is best in European life, and because she has so great an Empire to defend. The British people, for centuries, have enjoyed enormous wealth and many privileges, in comparison with people of other lands.

Now, they must get ready to defend their property and liberty and, probably, life itself.

The people of the British Dominions need be under no delusions; about what the future holds. The statement of the British Prime Minister in the House of Common on March 7 was quite clear. He said it was possible, in the event of war, that Britain would have to concentrate her forces in Europe, and she might lose control over her communications with her oversea Dominions; but the latter could be assured that the separation would be temporary—the Mother Country certainly would come to their succour eventually. Those were not the words of Mr. Chamberlain, but that is what he meant to convey.

It is recognised that if Britain and the United States would stand together in a common foreign policy, they could ensure the peace and safety of the world; and it is a tragedy for the world that the great republic not only refuses any understanding with the few remaining democracies, but actually is lolloping along towards what appears to be political and economic chaos. There is no disposition in British countries to reproach the Americans, however; the British very properly accept the fact that the Americans are free to do whatever they wish.

But something may yet develop out of Anglo-American friendship. A far-reaching trade treaty, between the two nations, now is being framed.

American warships were honoured visitors (and the only foreign ships present) at Singapore in February, when Britain’s £11,000,000 naval base was opened. The crews of the four American warships in Sydney Harbour in January, during sesqui-centenary celebrations, were overwhelmed with friendly attentions, and as cordially reciprocated. It looks as if there is going to be friendly co-operation between the United States and Britain in running shipping and aeroplane services across the Pacific. These things may have no meaning, but their appearance leads one to hope that, even yet, Anglo-American cooperation will take control of the ugly situation in the Pacific.

If Anglo-American co-operation is impossible, something yet may come out of an Anglo-German understanding. The British do not like the Nazi form of Government; but they may not forget that, psychologically, the Germans and the Anglo-Saxons are very close together; and co-operation between them, in world affairs, would be a desirable thing, and quite practicable.

Hitler has said that with the return of the Saar and the Rhineland to Germany, there need be no further quarrel between Germany and France. If that be so, what is there to prevent an alliance of Western Europe powers, based on colonial concessions made to Germany by Britain and France?

Such an alliance would put an end, for the present at least, to the grave danger in the Pacific and, maybe, it would save European civilisation.

AMERICANS ON CANTON IS.

T>EPORTED on March 23 that United States official parties have landed on Canton and Enderbury Islands, where British were residing and British flags were flying, and hoisted American flags. Contact between the two nationalities was quite friendly. See explanatory article on page 9.

Mr. Albert Stehr, of Manuan Plantation, Duke of York Group, New Guinea* arrived in Sydney in February to spend two months’ holiday.

Miss Colledge, a New Zealander, arrived in Port Moresby, Papua, early in March to assist at the London Missionary Society’s station at Metoreia.

Mr. R. A. Robinson, of the plantation inspection staff of Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., reached Sydney on furlough from New Guinea by the March “Macdhul”. 4 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, I§B 8.

"NUTFALL"

Victory Likely For B.S.I.

Entomologists.

ALTHOUGH the Solomon Islands Government some time ago apparently lost all interest in the subject of “nutfall”, the investigation has been carried on by private planters—and especially by Dr. Phillips (entomologist for Lever’s Pacific Plantations, Ltd.) and Mr. Cotterell Dormer (entomologist for Fairymead Co.).

The Government entomologist, before he went away, was able to say positively that the mysterious pest was an insect called Ambypelta. The other entomologists, working by themselves, sought a parasite to kill Ambypelta; and they believe they have found, in Northern Queensland, a parasite that attacks the young insects in the nymph stage. An early effort will be made to introduce it to the Solomons.

Mr. A. G. Lowe, a New Zealander, arrived in Nukualofa with his wife and two children, by the March “Matua”, to take up his appointment with the Tongan Government as Secretary to the Premier and Chief Police Magistrate, in place of Mr. Ragnar Hyne, who left with his wife on the same boat for the Solomons, where he has been appointed Judicial Commissioner. Mr. Hyne was the Chief Justice of Tonga, as well as the Judge of the Land Court.

Sydney-Rabaul

AIR-MAIL.

IP the directional installations in North Queensland and New Guinea (for which the Commonwealth Government is responsible) are ready in time, the Carpenter air-mail service between Sydnev and Rabaul will commence running to schedule in mid-April; but if the installations are not ready, a series of survey flights will be undertaken between Sydney and Rabaul.

The new machines arrived in Sydney during January and February, and were duly assembled and tested. One machine left Sydney on March 15, with Miss Josephine Niau as its only passenger, and was flown over the route to Rabaul, and back to Salamaua, where it will be held in reserve. The other two will carry on the service from Sydney, The fare of £35, from either Sydney or Brisbane to either Salamaua or Rabaul, includes accommodation and transport to and from aerodromes.

These four-engined modem aircraft, cruising at 140 m.p.h., can seat 17 passengers, but, to ensure greatest comfort on this service, only 10 will be carried, in addition to the crew of two, comprising Captain and First Officer.

A.W.A. have installed the most modern two-way radio equipment, which can be operated by voice or morse, and in addition, a special homing device which will enable the pilot to fly dead straight to any broadcasting station he can hear; or, on the other hand, h,e can get his bearings and thus check his course.

Civil Aviation Department have installed ground direction-finding stations at Sydney and Brisbane, and are providing them also at Rockhampton, Townsville, Cooktown, Port Moresby, Salamaua, and Rabaul.

HAWAII-NEW ZEALAND.

There is no indication that Pan-American Airways will soon commence the air-mail service between Hawaii and New Zealand, which was interrupted by the destruction of the “Samoa Clipper” at Pago Pago. That section of the P.A.A. organisation is being kept in being, however.

It has been officially announced that no air-mail service across the Tasman, between Sydney and New Zealand, can be expected this year. It appears that the Imperial Airways flying-boats, soon to be used in the England-Australia service, will not be suitable for the trans- Tasman flight. A bigger and different flying-boat is needed.

Japan’s Mandated Islands.

Some Recent Statistics.

From Our Own Correspondent.

HONOLULU, March 1.

FOR the statistically minded who are interested in the Japanese mandated islands north of Australia just over the equator, here are the latest statistics as published in a special supplement of a Tokio newspaper: There are 1,400 of them. When Japan took them over under mandate from the League of Nations 20 years ago, there were only six Japanese in them. Today there are 60,000 Japanese.

Every island has been visited and developed by the new rulers, particularly in regard to education, including hygiene, among the natives. There are 30 public schools, free and not compulsory.

Sugar cultivation is making rapid strides. Annual production is now worth 10,000,000 yen. Next to sugar comes commercial fishing. Copra exported annually, 10,000 tons. Agriculture, which means (in order of importance) rice, pineapples, sugar cane and cotton, employs 9,000 Japanese and 20,000 natives. Land under cultivation totals 32,000 acres. Also corn, coffee, tobacco, oranges, etc. Rock phosphate deposits on Angaur and Perilu islands produce 65,000 tons annually.

Over a period of 20 years, the native death rate has been 43 per cent., and the biggest cause, tuberculosis.

The Japanese national anthem, “Kimigawo”, is sung on every isle and islet.

LIBEL ACTIONS SETTLED.

APIA, Mar. 22.

THE action which was taken by O. F.

Nelson against A. M. Gurau, making a claim for damages for alleged libel in articles said to have been written by Gurau, has been settled between the parties. It is part of the settlement that certain statements to which Nelson took strong objection will be withdrawn.

RABAUL TROOP OF CHINESE BOY SCOUTS.

A young mother, in Central Papua, balancing a three-months’ old baby on the palm of her hand. The custom is general in the Mekeo district. It is claimed that it strengthens the baby’s legs. (Photo, from Brother George).

The Administrator of New Guinea (Sir Walter McNicoll) inspecting the Chinese Methodist Boy Scout Troop at Rabaul.

It is the first Scout body in the Mandated Territory. —Photo.: “Mission Review”. 5 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Shorthorn-Cebu Cattle In

NEW GUINEA.

THIS bull, a cross between a Shorthorn bull and Cebu cow, is one of a herd of Cebu cross cattle on Iboki plantation, New Britain. This particular Shorthorn-Cebu cross is doing well in New Guinea, and the cattle are being introduced to many plantations. They provide good beef, and working bullocks, but they are of no value as dairy cattle, Iboki plantation, last year, sold 58 head of cattle—bulls, steers and workers— to other plantations in New Guinea.

Mr. E. C. HARRIS Retiring From Treasury of Papua.

HON. E. C. HARRIS,. Treasurer of the Territory of Papua, who is at present on leave in Australia, has notified his intention of retiring at the expiration of his long leave and furlough.

Mr. S. Smith, Accountant of the Treasury Department in Papua, has been acting as Treasurer. It is anticipated that a permanent appointment to the position will be made in the near future.

Mr. Harris was first appointed as clerk, Treasury and Customs Department. Samarai, in September. 1908. and he has spent his working life in the Department. He reached the Treasurer’s chair in April, 1927, and since then he has been also a Member of the Executive and Legislative Councils.

Mr. Harris will be greatly missed in Papua. He has been an outstanding figure among Sir Hubert Murray’s fine little group of departmental heads—all men noted for their probity, their devotion to duty and their sound common sense. Mr. Harris is a plain-speaking, unconventional man. who holds the goodwill of everyone. Some might disagree with him, but all respect him. Although he is retiring, he looks as if he will live for another 20 or 30 years. AH who have met him in business or social life will hope that he will see the full span, and that he will be happy under the new conditions.

The Matson Navigation Company, which operates the “Monterey” and “Mariposa” in Australasian waters, announced this week that it had earned 2,246,712 dollars nett in 1937, or 250,000 dollars less than in 1936. Current assets of the line were given as 12,081,867 dollars as compared with 10,262,000 dollars at the end of 1936.

N.G. CAPITAL.

Committee's Search For New Site.

RABAUL, Mar. 14.

THE Federal Government Committee (Brigadier-General T. Griffiths, and Messrs. C. W. Thomas and L.

Thornton) which is making inquiries with a view to recommending to the Commonwealth Government a particular site for the future administrative centre of New Guinea, has been busy during the past fortnight taking the evidence of various interests and persons, and visiting many places. It is not expected that the inquiry will be complete before the end of this month, if then.

About 30 business men and property owners met on March 11 and decided to recommend Bitapaka (the high country southwards of Kokopo, which was the original site of the wireless station).

Their second preference was a sito hearer Rabaul than Bitapaka; and their third was Kavieng.

The meeting expressed the opinion that the Morobe towns (Wau, Salamaua, Lae ’ etc> ) are most unsuitable for the new capital. A committee of seven was appointed to place the views and argue?ts ? f^ the business people before the federal Committee. It will be pointed the Administration is removed fTom Rabaul, the business houses would have to move also, and should be assisted by the Government, either by loans at a * ow rate °f interest, or by compensation.

Neither Bums, Philp and Co., nor W.

Car P € nter and Co., was represented at the m eeting.

Meanwhile, meetings of residents in other parts of the Territory have been held to P re P ar e evidence to place before the Federal Committee, in support the claims of their respective districts, There is a strong argument in favour of merely moving the administrative establishment out on to the high country about 20 to 25 miles west of Rabaul, to which port it would be connected by a good motor road. The Administration tbus WOU H be clear of the volcanic danger; and the re-arrangement could be carr ied out comparatively cheaply.

EDITORIAL NOTE: We have received a good deal of material defending the claims of various places in New Guinea to be the new capital. This argument THE SHADOW OF THINGS TO COME.

There is some talk of the Government of Fiji making an end of the contract system (signing- on labour for work for one year). This would mean that only free labour would be used on plantations, etc.

Scene; A copra plantation line.

Overseer (tenderly): "'Morning, Sekele. How do you feel this morning? I thought I would just pop 'round with a little pick-meup." 6 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Union House, 247 George St., Sydney. could go on interminably—much can be said in favour of several rival claims.

It is better that the whole matter be left in the hands of the Federal Committee, the constitution of which guarantees that the whole inquiry will be impartially made and that the final recommendation will be based on evidence and practical knowledge of the country.

THE CLAIMS OF WAU.

Letter to the Editor.

IN your issue of January reference is made by your Wau correspondent to the public meeting held here on December 3, 1937. Your correspondent's report is inaccurate and creates a wrong impression.

The statement that “the meeting met with opposition and was ruled out of order on a technical point” is incorrect.

At the opening of the meeting, discussion took place as to whether it would be in order for the meeting to be held under the auspices of the Citizens’ Association of New Guinea and, after discussion, it was decided that the meeting should resolve itself into a new body to be called the Morobe Citizens’

Association with the special object of pressing the claims of Wau as a site for the new administrative capital of the Territory.

The meeting elected a committee comprising Messrs. F. P, Jacobs, R.

Whelan, K. A. Macgregor, N. P. H.

Neal, C. W. Blake, F, Leydin and myself. Mr. W. G. Mitchell was also elected but found it necessary to retire.

This committee was charged with the duty of preparing a memorandum covering statistics, information as to climatic conditions, agricultural, mining and forestry possibilities, etc., with the object of submitting this information to the Committee appointed by the Federal Government to select a site for the new capital.

The only reference made to Salamaua in the discussion was that if Wau were selected, it should be the port for the capital, and it was hoped that this would automatically bring about the construction of the long-projected road from Salamaua to Wau.

The meeting, which was well attended and representative of all sections of the community on the goldfield, expressed the opinion that Wau could offer many advantages as the site for a permanent town. It has an ideal and healthy climate, it is centrally situated for a large proportion of the European residents of the Territory, there are excellent opportunities for development in forestry and agriculture, and it would permit the establishment of higher educational facilities, which would obviate the existing necessity for parents to send children to Australia.

Further, it is favourably located from a strategic standpoint and, should the Mandated Territory and Papua be amalgamated at some future date, it would be conveniently situated as the capital for the combined Territories.

Should the selection of Wau bring about the construction of the road from Salamaua, the life of the gold-field (which has been a valuable asset to the Territory during the last 10 years) would be considerably prolonged as it would be possible, with lower working costs due to reduced transportation rates, to work the large low-grade deposits which at present are untouched.

I am, etc., R. A. LAWS.

Wau, Feb. 24.

A MILLIONAIRE!

“If Wau Is Selected”

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, Mar. 1.

ANOTHER Chinese trade store is being erected in Wau, right in the middle of the business section, on one of the choicest blocks. There is some speculation as to what will be the position and standing of these stores if Wau is made the capital.

MOROBE POPULATION.

THE Committee prepared a strong case for the selection of Wau, and made the following points:— The town is well laid out, with good roads and plenty of room for expansion.

Wau already has electric light and power, a telephone service, and large public departments.

The European population of the district already is:—Wau, 824; Bulolo and Bulwa, 365; Watut, 54; Salamaua, 163; Lae, 148; Finschafen, 46; total, 1,600.

Indentured native labourers total 12,794.

Wau, at 3,400 feet, has an equable, sub-tropical climate, and the nights are cool. There is very little malaria and, with closer control, it could be eliminated.

Owing to the cool climate, and the great fertility of the soil, there is an abundant supply of fresh vegetables and certain necessary fruits. English potatoes grow prolifically.

Gold produced in the Morobe district last year was worth £1,915,502, and the royalty thereon was nearly £lOO,OOO. In addition, the Government obtains revenue on Customs charges, mining rents, survey fees, etc.

SAMOAN ADMINISTRATION.

Mau Delegation Back In Apia, From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Mar. 1.

THE Samoan delegation, which interviewed New Zealand Ministers in Wellington in January, was given a real “Fa’a Samoa” welcome back to Apia recently.

There was much talk and many smiles; but (as was reported from Wellington) it was evident that the N.Z. Government, on this occasion, made no promises of importance to the Mau representatives, and made it clear, furthermore, that before any far-reaching decisions were given, it would have to ascertain the views of other sections of the residents of Samoa.

An investigation into the whole of the Administration personnel and services is at present being conducted by Mr.

Roberts (Public Service Inspector) and Mr. Ross (Assistant Secretary of the Department of External Affairs) with a view to reorganisation and salary revision, and the possibilities of employing a greater number of local officials, instead of men from overseas.

The British, cruiser “Dorsetshire”, en route from Singapore, to Sydney, spent two days at Thursday Island in mid- March.

Costume becomes a matter of indifference in primitive Central New Guinea. This sly snapshot shows Mr. Richard Archbold, the American millionaire, who financed a scientific expedition, taking his ease and some refreshment in a jungle camp. The flag of the Explorers’ Club is seen in the background. 7 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

GERMANY'S OLD COLONIES.

A BRITISH parliamentary committee representing 200 Conservative members of the House of Commons resolved on March 16 that the British Government should be advised that the cession of territories under British mandate should not even be discussed.

Well-informed opinion at the present moment is that the return of the former German colonies is not at present under discussion. ..

Britain has no intention of trying to bribe the aggressive members of the Fascist triangle (Germany, Italy, and Japan) into agreeing to a more peaceful arrangement of world affairs, by offering to cede territories. But, presently, if the Fascist triangle, or any members thereof, should give evidence of a willingness to enter a league of democratic nations for the maintenance of world peace, then it is considered inevitable that the late German colonies will become the subject of international bargaining.

Canon Riley, of the Anglican Church, Samoa, has returned to Sydney.

Progress of Samoan Land Settlement Scheme.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Mar. 3.

THE Aleisa Land Settlement Scheme for “local-born” men will be extended shortly and an additional division (the West sub-division) opened up.

So far, 10 settlers have taken up plots on the initial area at Aleisa, and the new settlement comprises 689 acres, divided into 22 blocks of from 23 to 30 acres each. Over 40 acres will be used as a sports ground, with recreation and community buildings.

The first settlers have occupied their land for about a year, and all have planted their 10 acres in bananas. They will start shipping fruit in the near future.

Mrs. A. S. Boye, wife of the manager of the Vanikdro Kauri Timber Co., British Solomon Islands, departed from Sydney by the March “Malaita” for Vanikoro to join her husband.

IN CENTRAL NEW GUINEA.

Central Pacific

AVIATION.

Early History of Pan-American Airways.

Letter to the Editor.

I HAVE been a consistent reader ot your excellent magazine for some time, and have been astounded by your acceptance and publication of certain erroneous articles by your Honolulu correspondent. There is a long story attached to these attacks by this individual, of which I will not go into details at this time.

I have no knowledge of what action both Donald Douglas and the Directors of Pan-American' Airways wish to take on this matter, but the charges made, particularly in the last issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly, are very serious.

In Mr. Williams’s opening paragraph he states that he is interested in the records of Trans-Pacific aviation being kept straight. However, his information is very incorrect. It is not my intention at this time to tell the full story of Trans-Pacific aviation, for the simple reason that a company’s business, if conducted along proper lines, is its own affair.

Knowing the complete story of Trans- Pacific aviation, I can both state and prove that none of the actions in the initiation of the # Trans-Pacific service can be subject to criticism.

Mr. Williams’s statements and inferences, that Mr. Donald Douglas and other Pan-American directors, in 1934, hatched a scheme which was to be taken over by their own company, are absolutely false. Mr. Douglas was not a director of Pan-American Airways at that time, and did not have and still does not have one penny of Pan- American stock. The letter of which Mr. Williams speaks, although misquoted and twisted to suit his ends, was not written by anyone connected with Pan-American Airways, nor were any Pan-American Airways directors or personnel involved in it. What Mr.

Williams does not tell is how he obtained possession of this letter. This I know, and it certainly does not reflect any credit on your correspondent.

The so called scheme on which Mr.

Williams bases his sensationalistic story was never put into effect, and never sold to anybody. I have complete records of every step taken in the initiation of the Pan-American service, and while not desirous of publishing private business records I am quite willing to furnish the editor personally with any further information that he may desire to satisfy himself that Mr. Williams’s allegations are grossly untrue.

I would appreciate very much if you could see fit to publish this letter in the interests of fairness.

Yours very truly, HAROLD GATTY.

P.O. Box 1537, Auckland, 16/3/38.

The above photographs were taken by Mr. W. Kienzle, of Yodda Goldfield, Papua, when, some time ago, he and Mr. Stuart Campbell made a five months’ tour of the seldom-visited country between the headwaters of the Fly and Sepik Rivers in Central New Guinea. Top left: Inaningim, Chief of the Telifomin tribe; top right: Kiarikman natives bargaining for salt; bottom left: January River, a tributary of the Sepik; bottom right: The explorers’

Sikorsky amphibian on the May River.

Block by courtesy Hawkesbury Agricultural College Journal. 8 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Friendly Rival Claims For

CANTON ISLAND.

British Official Party Now In Possession There.

TIHE announcement that the United States, after careful examination of historical records extending back into the dawn of European history in the Pacific, has made a formal claim to the ownership of Canton and Enderbury Islands in the Phoenix Group has caused a little surprise. The subject was under consideration more than a year ago and it then seemed evident that Britain’s title to the Phoenix Islands, and especially Canton and Enderbury, was quite clear.

The development, of course, is associated with the rival plans for establishing an air-mail service across the Central and South Pacific.

The Pan-American Airways service, it is proposed, shall use a route extending from Hawaii to Kingman Reef (where there is only a moored vessel in sheltered water), thence to Pago Pago (American Samoa), and thence to Auckland (New Zealand). The service contemplated by Imperial Airways, on the other hand, proposes to use a route from Auckland to Fiji, thence to Canton Island, and thence to Hawaii.

The renewal of American interest in the Phoenix Group suggests that P.A.A. are not quite happy with their present route and would prefer another, perhaps, further to the west, where there are more islands. It was announced, during the month, that P.A.A. had decided to abandon Pago Pago, on account of the mountains causing dangerous air currents, and put the station instead on Rose Island, a tiny island 100 miles east of Pago; but this was contradicted emphatically by Mr. Harold Gatty, P.A.A. representative in Auckland.

Another suggestion, however, is that the relationship between the United States and Pan-American Airways is not completely happy, and it may be that the American Government, in making its claim to certain of the Phoenix Islands, is acting quite independently of P.A.A.

ORIGINALLY, there were 10 islands in the Phoenix Group. America, in 1936 took Howland and Baker Islands (northern outliers), and then there were eight. Out of the eight, Canton is the one island which is markedly suitable for aviation purposes. The accompanying map shows that it consists of a rim of land about 550 yards wide, 10 to 20 feet high, and about 20 miles round, enclosing a very large lagoon, at the eastern end of which seaplanes could conveniently alight. It is considered also that a good runway for land planes could be constructed on Canton Island.

In May, 1937, Canton was visited by scientific expeditions from the United States and from New Zealand, to observe a total eclipse of the sun. Both of these parties erected monuments to mark their visit and the monuments were decorated with the respective flags. (See photographs overleaf.) This gave rise to silly newspaper reports that each expedition had formally claimed the island for its own country; but nothing of the kind was attempted.

As Britain has planned a transpacific seaplane service and as Canton is the only island in the Phoenix Group suitable as a base for seaplanes, it is certain that she long ago satisfied herself that Canton is British, The Phoenix Islands have been shown on the maps of the world for the last hundred years as British; but, just to be sure, on August 6, 1936, H.M.S. “Leith” visited the island, proclaimed British sovereignty, hoisted the Union Jack, and buried the proclamation in a container at the foot of the flagpole. A board stating that the islands belonged to King Edward VIII, was nailed to a coconut palm. Again, in January, 1937, the “Leith visited the island and nailed a new notice board to a tree, in the name of King George VI. H.M.S.

“Wellington called at the island in June last and put another notice on the palm.

The British naval sloop “Leith” sailed from Suva on August 25, 1937, Upper; The British radio station recently established on Canton Island.

In centre, the main building; native servant’s room, with rat-proof tank, nearest to camera; kitchen and store at far end.

Lower; Interior of main building Radio apparatus in centre, and refrigerator on right.

Map showing position of Phoenix Islands in relation to other Central Pacific groups. 9 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19 38.

carrying two British officials, Messrs.

F. H. Rostier, (radio operator) and G. V. Langdale, (engineer), who were to remain there for six months, and necessary equipment. They were landed in September with a native servant and made themselves comfortable. They had ready-made bungalows, electric light, and refrigeration, and they maintained a regular meteorological service. In January, Mr. Rostier was relieved by Mr. Tom Manning, and Mr. Rostier now is stationed at the radio station at Lautoka, Fiji.

It is reported that the argument of the United States is that the mere act of landing on an island and hoisting a flag there does not necessarily mean that such an island becomes the property of the nation that discovered it. Washington says that if a territory is to be recognised as the property of a particular nation, there must be reasonable and effective occupation.

It was reported, early in March, that a U.S.S. vessel had left Honolulu to land an American official party on Canton and Enderbury Islands, but there is no confirmation of this.

Australia’s setisation-loving newspapers are howling and yelping, and suggesting friction between Britain and U.S.A. Some declare that Australia is “vitally interested” Actually this matter of clearing up the titles to these islands is being quite amicably discussed between Washington and London; and Australia has nothing whatever to do with the matter.

Most of the Phoenix Islands are high, wide, and flat, and capable of supporting a population but, except Canton, they have nothing in the shape of harbours.

They have not supported any permanent population. For many years various concerns, mostly British, occupied certain of the islands and obtained guano there; and in more recent times some of the islands have been leased to a British company which has maintained small staffs there for the growing of coconuts.

Historical records show that Canton was annexed by Captain Gibson in H.M.S. “Curacoa” 80 years ago, when the laying of the Pacific cable gave new values to Central Pacific Islands. Messrs.

Arundel and Co., in the 80’s (especially 1885-6) worked large deposits of phosphate-guano on Canton Island.

WANDERING YACHTSMEN.

From Our Own Correspondent.

HONOLULU, Feb. 23.

PAINTED sheer black instead of its former white with green touches, the adventurous yacht “Valkyrie” reached port to-day from Papeete. Her present owner and master, Mrs. Ethel Rhodes, bought the “Valkyrie” from Captain Ernest Gilling, veteran New Zealand yachtsman, who for years roamed the Pacific in her.

Captain Gilling remained in Honolulu for more than a year and, without clearance papers departed May 2, 1936, ostensibly on a trip to one of the Hawaiian group. However, months later, from Tahiti, he forwarded affidavits to the British consul in Honolulu stating that after he left Honolulu on the local journey, unusual weather had driven the “Valkyrie” south to Tahiti. His three passengers were inexperienced at sea.

Mrs. Rhodes is accompanied by Mr.

Eric Hanner, navigator, and two Tahitians, Ishmael Diene Teihoarii and Teipootahiti Revatua.

The party made a hit with Honolulu waterfront veterans, because they arrived in scanty and glamorous Tahitian lavas lavas, an exotic study even for “dress as you please” Honoluluans.

Mrs. Rhodes reports that she will continue in the “Valkyrie” to San Francisco and Vancouver.

BOUND FOR TAHITI.

THERE’S a white hulled auxiliary schooner preparing in Honolulu for an indefinite cruise through the Marquesas and Tahiti islands.

It is skippered by 24-year-old David Dewey, of Nelscott, Oregon, and manned by a crew of four, including his mother, Mrs. C. T. Dewey. The others are: Mr.

C. T. Dewey (father), George Derouin, of Eu Clair, Wisconsin; and Milton Hruska, of Chicago.

The 46-foot ketch left Oregon in September, 1936, and until sailing over here remained along the California coast.

Now that they have made their first leg into the Pacific, the casual party has decided to see the world “the easy way”, which means they will wander from place to place, unhurried and pointless.

Named the “Webfoot”, the craft is sturdy and comfortably equipped for long voyages.

"JIMMY" SIM.

CONTRIBUTED BY "WELL WISHER”.

FOR one reason and another, the Solomons are losing many of the old timers. The old order changeth .. .

One of the best left us recently, broken in health, in the person of Mr.

James Sim, inspector for Lever’s Pacific Plantations, Pty., Ltd., for the last ten years.

Hailing from Aberdeen, ‘‘Jimmy” (as he was affectionately known and respected throughout the Solomons) arrived here a real “braw laddie”, 25 long years ago. The group was then just about to enter in earnest upon its plantation development phase, and, as overseer, plantation manager, and finally, inspector “Jimmy” Sim was destined to play no small part in furthering the progress of his Company and of the group. He saw (and made) plantations emerge from the jungle, grow to maturity, and shed their crops of coconuts, to be converted into copra in the modern mills which by that time had reared their stacks among the sea of palms.

And now “Jimmy” passes on, esteemed by his staff, and accompanied by the best wishes of everyone in the Islands, to find, we hope, in Australia, the good health he lost in the Solomons.

Wilson Inia, a Rotuman native who is now in Australia doing deputation work for the Methodist Mission, has been nominated to the National Missionary Council as a delegate to the forthcoming Conference at Madras, India. Most of his life has been spent at the Methodist educational institution at Davuilevu, where he is a teacher.

Mr. E. Y. Crisp, of Steamships Trading Co., Ltd., Port Moresby, Papua, is at present spending furlough in Australia.

Mr. Stan Geddes, formerly with New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., arrived at Aitape in February to carry out drilling work for Far Eastern Alluvials.

Nurse D. L. Naughton recently joined the staff of the European Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua.

Left to right: F. H. Rostier (administrative officer and radio operator), G. V. Langdale (assistant) and Makini (Ellice islander and handy man). A photo, taken in December on Canton Island.

The memorial plinths set up by the British and American solar eclipse expeditions, which visited Canton Island in June, 1937. 10 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24. 193 a

The Pacific Islands Club

Visitors from the Islands to Sydney (or those interested in Islands affairs), are advised to communicate with the honorary secretary of the above Club, which has been formed to study the history, traditions, economics, and political developments of the Pacific Islands.

Next gathering, April 6, at Hotel Carlton, Sydney. Presidential address: Dr. H. lan Hogbin, “European Civilisation and the Natives of the Solomon Islands’'.

Address communications to: The Honorary Secretary, THE PACIFIC ISLANDS CLUB, C/o Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Union House, George St., Sydney. tlUXst la 15 I CREAM I Write for a Colour Card . . .

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SĎ AN interesting note in the Melbourne “Herald”:— That “gentle bow”, which the Japanese in China are said to expect from foreigners as a tribute to the troops of their Emperor, may be variously interpreted. Melburnians who saw the courtesies exchanged between Germans and Japanese in the pre-war days of New Guinea are pointing out that Japan has always been acutely appreciative of civil gestures from white nations. It is suggested that the present German-Japanese understanding may derive from an old policy of courtesy in the Pacific.

A colleague who was in those parts during the war, tells us that authorities in German New Guinea were careful to regard the Japanese as sharers of the white man’s privileges.

In German statistics of the Pacific Protectorates, Japanese were included in the count of the white population.

Official records referred to “white population, including Japanese”. It was intended as a compliment, and Japan appreciated it as such. There were “gentle bows” on both sides.

Other nations have been less tactful —to put it mildly—in the past. * * * THE “Pandemonium” Government again!

It is formally notified, in the New Hebrides Gazette of December last, that the letter-rate has been raised from 50 centimes to 60 centimes, “in order to allow of the use of 60 centimes stamps, the stock of 50 centimes stamps being almost exhausted”.

This is putting the cart befote the horse, with a vengeance. The stock of 50 centimes stamps is exhausted. Ergo, we raise the postage rate to 60 centimes, and thus avoid the necessity of printing another supply of 50 centimes stamps!

We have word of another currency muddle. The salaries of Condominium officials, due to the fall of the franc, are now below their sterling basis, and nothing has been done about it; yet the “cuts” made in the days of the favourable franc have not been restored. The Condominium service is a non-pensionable service —officers do not even get steamer fares when they go on leave. • * » S* OMETHING should be done to prevent inexperienced people from flying aeroplanes up into New Guinea, and getting lost, and making expensive nuis- Tances of themselves. * Barbara Hitchins, 23, set off for New Guinea with a male passenger and a bright smile, and thus became front-page news for the flapper press. She left Kerema, in Papua, for Wau; and, quite naturally, she got lost in that frightful country, and overshot her mark by 100 miles, and came down in the high grass Ramu country, 60 miles south-west of Madang.

Thereupon, of course, many busy airmen m those parts had to leave their freighting jobs, and go out and look for the lady.

Mandated Airlines Rapide, Ray Parer in a Moth, and the P.O.D. Amphibian from Kikori, paddled around over the Kerema- Wau track, and lost many valuable hours and much petrol. It was quite by chance that Pilot Jack Todd out from Madang looking for another aeroplane noticed the lady’s machine, and rescued her.

Irresponsible airmen are already a problem in New Guinea. Young girl flyers should be headed off, before they cross the strait, by a New Guinea officer specially detailed for the task, and spanked, and sent home to mother. * « ♦ THE comment of a Solomon Islands correspondent is pointed: “If the Resident Commisioner has any money to spare why, instead of providing another school for natives, does he not try to give the Territory a better medical service? Our present service is poor and inadequate. I am sure that there has not been a qualified medical man in the Shortlands for five years. These natives are well supplied with schools by the missions.” * * ♦ ONCE I gave to my little cook boy fa local native of the Tasman Islands) a tin of meat and told him to boil it unopened in water.

He did so. But, soon, he rushed into my office room and declared that the tin was no good—there was a ghost inside.

“What! A ghost?” I asked.

“Yes, yes—tin he jump about!”

Then I was “stumped”. How could I explain to a native who never had been away from these low coral islands, and who, incidentally, never had seen “bullamakau” in living form, that the tin moved because of the uneven way the water was being heated, and that the bit of bullock inside the tin was thoroughly and completely dead? So I said simply that the tin moved because the water boiled.

But the cook would not have it. He said that I lied; that the water was not boiling; and that the “bullamakau” inside the tin was alive and kicking. He made careful preparations to slaughter the beast when the tin was opened; and the appearance of a piece of dead meat seemed to dash his faith in the evidence of his own senses. —J.W.G. * * * A WHITE WOMAN in Papua, finding her “boy house” continually locked up by day, complained to her cook that the practice was unhealthy, and ordered that the shutters should be left open to the sun’s rays, and the blankets hung upon the line to air.

“No, please, Sinbada”, he remonstrated, “I fright, you no savvy New Guinea fashion. Suppose I no look out all time, some boy he steal all my something. More better I shut him house good”.

His mistress then expressed her strong disapproval of this “bad fashion”. “White man he no all same”, she explained.

“Suppose, Moravi”, she said, as an example, “I go long Mrs. Jones’ house when she go walk about, and steal all her knives, spoons and bed-sheets, what you think? What you say?”

“Sinabada”, he replied, quickly and assuringly, “I say nothing. True, I no talk”.

Dumbfounded, his Sinabada withdrew hurriedly.

Chile will shortly issue a set of special stamps to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the annexation of lonely Easter Island in the Eastern Pacific.

The designs will reproduce some of the mysterious stone images and monuments that have been found on the island. 11 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 198 8.

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About Islands People

Mr. and Mrs. E. Banks, of the Pacific Hotel, Rabaul, arrived in Sydney in February by the “Neptuna”. Mr. Banks will shortly proceed to England, his wife remaining in Australia. At present, Mr. and Mrs. R. Moore are in charge of the hostelry at Rabaul.

Constable A. L. Bramley, of Thursday Island, who recently married Miss Betty Fergusson, has been transferred to Cairns, North Queensland.

Mr. J. J. Hanley, Chief Auditor in the N.G. Administration, reached Sydney in February on leave.

Rev. Father Gabriel Moyon, of the Sacred Heart Mission in Papua, left Australia by the motorship “Remo” in February en route to his homeland, France. After 12 months’ furlough, he will return to Yule Island.

Constable Barlow, of Thursday Island, returned home from his honeymoon in Queensland late in February. His bride is the former Miss Georgina Lambert.

Mr. V. Bath, of the labour department of Messrs, W. R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd., Rabaul, arrived in Australia from New Guinea by the February “Neptuna”, on a few months’ vacation.

Mr. Charles Soderman sailed from Sydney for Samarai, Papua, by the “Macdhui” on March 12 to take command of the New Guinea Mission’s vessel, “Maclaren King”, in succession to Captain F. C. Rennels. The latter will shortly return to Australia, having had charge of the vessel since her first voyage in 1923.

Mr. Peter Wolfcarius, formerly of Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd., New Guinea, arrived in Sydney by the March “Macdhui” on the first stage of a world tour.

Mr. Henry Canard, of Lami, Suva, married Miss Jean McLelland, of Lautoka, at the Church of England, Lautoka, Fiji, in February. The ceremony was performed by Rev. C. S. Bull.

Mr. J. Adams, resident engineer for Lever’s Pacific Plantations, Pty., Ltd., in the Solomons, reached Sydney from Tulagi by Lever’s motor vessel “Kurimarau” early in March.

Mr. R. Fox, of Queensland, took up duties in February with the Department of Public Works, Papua, as road overseer.

Mr. and Mrs. Stan Johnston and their three children arrived in Brisbane by the “Macdhui” at the beginning of March from Wau, New Guinea. Mr.

Johnson is on the staff of Stephens Aviation, Ltd.

Lady Richards, wife of the Governor of Fiji, and Miss D. Richards, arrived in Auckland, New Zealand, from Suva by the “Aorangi” on March 6.

Rev. C. W. Light, late of the New Guinea Mission at Boianai, Papua, has been appointed to the rectory of Wilby, Queensland, in the diocese of Peterborough. He was inducted on March 11.

Mrs. Doris Booth, 0.8. E. (“The Angel of Bulolo”), of Cliffside, Wau, T.N.G., is at present in Brisbane, where she will stay for an indefinite period.

Mr. B. Silbert, who is travellingthrough the South Seas painting a collection of native portraits, was working in the Vunidawa district, Fiji, in February.

Mr. A. E. Palmer, a recruiter for Lever’s Pacific Plantations, Pty., Ltd., in the Solomon Islands, reached Sydney early in March by the S.I. inter-island vessel “Kurimarau”. 12 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19S 8.

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About Islands People

Mr. C. C. Marr, of Rabaul, returned to the Mandated Territory with his wife by the “Macdhui” on March 12, after spending furlough in Australia.

Mr. Marr is a son of Sir Charles Marr.

Mr. Dudley Roberts, of the New Guinea Education Department, has announced his engagement to Miss Jean Bignell, daughter of Mrs. Kathleen Bignell, of the Rabaul Hotel.

Mr. N. Peters, mining engineer, sailed from Sydney for Misima Island, Papua, by the March “Macdhui”, on behalf of Gold Mines of Papua, Ltd.

Mrs. M. P. Chater, wife of Mr. Eric Chater, N.G. manager of Guinea Airways, Ltd., left Sydney for Port Moresby by the last “Macdhui”. In Papua, she joined one 'of G.A.’s aeroplanes and flew across to the Morobe goldfield.

Mr. Gerald Renton, of Rabaul, T.N.G., left the War Memorial Hospital, Sydney in March, after a successful operation.

He will visit Europe before returning to New Guinea.

Mr. Roy Macgregor, a well-known resident of Madang, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea early in March to spend a few months’ holiday.

Mr. J. G. Munt, of Nivani Island, Papua, returned to Samarai by the last “Macdhui” after a tour of the world.

Mr. R. M. Farlow, of the N.G. District Services Staff, has proceeded to Buka Passage to take over the duties of Assistant District Officer.

Mr. Tom Flower, the well-known Wau builder, was a passenger to New Guinea from Sydney by the “Macdhui” on March 12.

Mr. Alec. Mitchell, store manager for Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., Port Moresby, Papua, arrived in Sydney recently on furlough.

Miss Laurensen has arrived in Fiji from New Zealand to be assistant at the Methodist Mission’s new Wesley School, which was opened in Suva in February for the education of children of mixed descent.

Captain B. Blacker, formerly A.D.C. to the Governor-General of Australia, (Lord Gowrie), left Sydney for Rabaul, N.G., by the March “Macdhui”.

Mr. D. G. Irvine, manager of Giligili Plantation, Samarai, Papua, returned to the Territory in March, after spending furlough in Australia.

Mr. W. Mossman, of Kavieng, where he is a copra inspector, arrived in Australia from Rabaul, T.N.G., by the “Macdhui” early in March on long furlough.

Mr. Guy Lowe, of Iboki Plantation, Talasea, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney in February on furlough. He will return in May.

Right Rev. P. W. N. Strong, Bishop of New Guinea, who recently was ?n Australia on deputation work, will come South again in September next to attend meetings and the provincial synod at Brisbane.

Esekeli and his wife. Mere, Tongan missionaries, who recently arrived in Papua to carry out mission work for the Methodist Church on Misima Island, in the South Eastern Division.

An outstanding feature of the work of missions in the Pacific has been the way in which Christianised natives have left their own islands and gone abroad to spread the religious teachings in other, and often (in former times) hostile, parts of the South Seas.

Photo.: “Missionary Review”. 13 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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THOUSANDS OF TONGAN TAX- PAYERS IN DEFAULT.

Urgent Need For Review of Financial System.

BY A. COWLEY.

IN order that the Tongan Treasurer shall receive, in full measure, all the credit due to his “Carefully Planned and Balanced” Budget, I purpose to supply the omission of “Our Own Correspondent” by outlining the effect of its operation on the trade, and the social, domestic and Church life of Tonga.

If Tonga has “definitely turned its back on old man Depression” the fact should be reflected in the Christmas trade. My file of papers record wonderful buying power throughout Australia and New Zealand, while in Great Britain it has been necessary to issue £25,000,000 worth of extra notes in order to meet the requirements of Christmas trade. I turn to Tonga, and find: “The hand that sowed should reap not of its labour, The heart that grieved should profit not of mirth”.

I have personally visited every store in Nukualofa, with the question: “What sort of a Christmas have you had?” The replies without exaggerating may be summarised thus: “The worst Christmas for thirty years”.

The population of Tongatabu numbers 14,000 (men, women, and children).

Males number 7.200. All males over the age of 16 are subject to an annual tax of 36/- per annum. Judgment summonses for non-payment of this tax were issued during the year to the number of thousands, many of which are still lying in the office unserved, because there is “no room” this Christmastide, not in the “Inn” but in the jail. Current gossip says that many have voluntarily presented themselves to work out their tax, and have been requested to come later on, when the jail is less congested.

Unlike the “certain rich man” who enlarged his barns, the Tongan Government enlarges its jails. There are now under construction, or already completed, three large houses to accommodate larger batches of prisoners. Their labour is to be utilised in beautifying the beach front; 36/- is only a trifling amount, but the iniquitous system of Court fees brings the tax to 52/-, and as this very beneficent Government assess the value of their labour at 3d. per day, its liquidation entails the labour of over half-ayear.

From Tongatabu right through to Vavau, the majority of those subject to this tax are so poor that they cannot raise the small sum, the payment of which would save them from over 200 days of enforced labour.

Tongans love their Church and, in normal times, support it freely and liberally.

Prior to “carefully planned and balanced” budgets, appeals such as are contained in the following translation of a Tongan letter were unnecessary, were unheard of, were unthinkable. (COPY OF TRANSLATION).

Nukualofa, 26th November, 1937.

RE CHURCH MATTERS.

Sir, —It was decided by Her Majesty and the Trustees of Kolofo’ou (branch of the Church) in order to assist the mission collections, that “classes” be formed. You and some other young men have been appointed to the class of which I am the leader, and we are anxious to obtain £2O.

I have sent out two notices to call meetings, but owing to several not responding there is still a shortage of members. Therefore I have apportioned as follows;—I., to subscribe .£6, 11., £2, 111., £l/10/-, IV., £l, which will make up the amount required. I have put you in No. 3. together with one of the College Tutors, for you to subscribe £l/10/- each.

It is to be earnestly hoped you will do this, for most undoubted good fortune and blessings will follow in its train.

Kind regards, I am, (Sgd.) J. P. TOGILAVA.

The collection realised some £620. and is sufficient to defray local outgoings. The European ministers and teachers have their salaries defrayed by the Australian, or N.S.W. Mission Board. This, in a little country which h,as a surplus of nearly £200,000, largely invested in Australian war bonds.

I hold no brief for any of the “jarring sects” so numerous here. My concern is for the Tongan. I have shown the condition with “old man Depression” banished (sic). Before the year is far advanced famine will be stalking through the little country, but it will still be prosperous from your correspondent’s viewpoint.

I have depicted Tonga, not the Treasury. If credit is due to anyone for “care- 14 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Rabaul, Salamaua, Kavieng, Guinea.

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Madang, New ful planning” give it unstintingly. “Let justice be done, though the Heavens fall”.

The present condition of Tonga, the misery, the distress, the poverty, is the logical sequence, the inevitable corollary of a “carefully planned and balanced” budget, which,, in a year of disastrous hurricane, filched from these defenceless people £17,534 more than was required for legitimate purposes.

EDITORIAL NOTE.—We may quote, in support of Mr. Cowley, some official figures made available to us on February 3, 1938. The number of summonses and commitment warrants on issue in Tongatabu only was 7721, and it was estimated that 6,000 of these related to nonpayment of poll-tax. On the same date, there were over 15,000 warrants on issue in the Group, but not executed, and about 12,000 of these were for non-payment of tax.

As there are only 6,000 Tongans liable to tax, it follows that there are very many of the 6,000 who have three or four summonses on issue against them.

A correspondent says: “The silly Methodists in your State still collect from £l,OOO to £1,200 per annum, to pay Missionaries Lo keep these poor people quiet, under the most rapacious system of tax-gathering I have ever seen”.

Another Demand For Reform.

Letter to the Editor.

AMONG the jumble of laws which have been amassed for the government of the Tongans there are some which are most unsuitable for a people in the stage of development of the Tongans today. because they seem to make liars and thieves of them. Among these are: — 1. The Law whereby the Courts refuse the hearing of claims for debt against policemen and gaol- -OI*S * 2. The law regarding the issue of distress warrants by shopkeepers and others against debtors; 3. The Law regarding adultery. 4. The land laws.

The first two punish the innocent and reward the guilty. With regard to adultery, the only redress is divorce; but the moral development of the Tongan is such that they can forgive the offence, so long as the adulterer is punished.

The land laws are a constant worry to the masses, and they are so twisted about by each successive Chief Justice and Minister of Lands that the poor people, who have to obey them, do not know where they stand. They suffer the loss of their allotments through the different people. One Chief Justice or Minister of Lands says one thing, the next says another.

A revision of the whole batch of Tongan laws should be made without further delay, but the most pressing section are those touching land and titles thereto, which are at present a hopeless jumble. The situation might be eased if those in charge of land matters spent more time in planning laws for the protection and welfare of the people, instead of inventing and passing laws for getting more money out of them.

The disastrous effects of several laws passed by the present leaders of the Government are evident only when those laws are put into practice. For instance, the duty on outside packages of merchandise, containers, etc., was slipped through Parliament as an amendment by altering a few words of the existing law; and it is doubtful whether anybody, except the Chief Justice and the Premier, knew that its effect would be the raising of further duty to be passed on to the poor Tongan.

Since the establishment of the Constitution in 1875, the last ten years hold the record for law-breaking. Why such a state of things exists should be better known to the Government than anybody else, because they look upon the Police Courts, not as a corrective, but as a source of revenue.

With regard to the men who are supposed to be the leaders of the Government and the people, there is far too much Government time wasted, and far too much attention given to their own private interests, such as plantations, trading and church matters. It is so bad that people who have occasion to see these officials on Government business have to wait for hours, sometimes days, before they can transact their business.

There is a saying that some people are born to lead; but it does not apply to a single leader in the Government of Tonga. If. as they say, they want Tonga to progress and the people to be contented, the best thing they could do would be to send their resignations to the Queen without further delay.

A change of Government, and the straightening out of the jumble of laws, are what Tonga needs badly, and at once.

I am, etc., AFUHA’AMAGO, Member of Legislative Assembly of Tonga.

Nukualofa, Peb. 9, 1938.

NORFOLK ISLAND'S TRADE. 16 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 1938.

We Invite you \ \ \ k > \ V We invite you to send us your name and address for our MAILING LIST. Four times every year we issue an Illustrated Catalogue showing the new seasons designs in FROCKS FOR DAY AND EVENING WEAR.

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Ruining Native

LABOURERS.

Inexperienced Miners In N. Guinea and Papua.

A subject that one often hears discussed in Papua and New Guinea mining districts is dealt with by “L.H.W.” : ONE of the most common growls of the old hands —and mostly with good reason—is with regard to the way in which natives are handled by men who come to the country without ever having seen a native before. A native is very easily “spoiled” and, once spoiled, he is very little more good to himself or anyone else, as it is almost impossible to unspoil him.

Old hands in this country have made a study of the native ways, and have worked hard to earn the natives’ respect for the white man. Then these new men come upon the scene, often as heads of mining companies and they ruin one native after another, by pampering them and joking with them.

Another of our problems is the rate of pay given to a boy. The general thing with mining companies is 12/6 per month.

A particularly good boy may be paid up to £1 per month. These rates are made by companies who are employing large staffs of natives, and who are doing a lot in the way of opening up the country by training bush natives in the art of using the pick and shovel, etc. It really seems to be a more important thing in the long run than teaching them to read and write.

Then along come the new companies.

They keep an eye out for the best boys and, when contracts of the latter expire, they go to the boys and offer them exorbitant wages. Besides that, when the boys accept the offer they are pampered, and, when the companies “finish up”—which they generally do in a year or so—the native is of no more use to the established concerns, as he demands the same wages as fie had been getting, and even then he will not work well.

There have been several cases of local boys employed at £1 per month by the senior company in my district, and, immediately their time expired, they were given up to £5 per month to work for other concerns. Needless to say, the other companies soon went broke; but, in the meantime, they succeeded in ruining the said natives for further employment. If these men were out to make their concerns pay, or were paying natives with their own money, it would be a totally different story.

SUICIDE IN RABAUL.

WESTLY ROBERT ALEXANDER, 30, a contractor, formerly of North Queensland, committed suicide in Rabaul on March 5, in his hotel bedroom, by shooting himself through the head. His manner had appeared normal.

Miss Ella Gofton, popular daughter of Mrs. F. S. Stewart, of the Hotel Bulolo, Wau, New Guinea, arrived in Australia by the March “Macdhui”. She joined the vessel at Port Moresby, Papua, having flown across from Wau.

Guinea Airways Darwin

SERVICE.

Request For A Subsidy.

THE Federal Government is giving consideration to a request by the Darwin Chamber of Commerce that the weekly Air-Mail service between Adelaide and Darwin, conducted by Guinea Airways, Ltd., be granted a subsidy, Guinea Airways, Ltd., have informed the Government that it cannot continue to run the service at a loss, although everyone recognises that this regular service is of great benefit to the Territory.

It is being urged that incoming airmails should be sorted in Darwin, and the South and West Australian portion, at least, be sent on the Guinea Airways service, direct to Adelaide, thus reducing delivery time by a day or two. The mails, otherwise, are carried away east, via Brisbane and Sydney.

Mr. E. G. Theodore reached Sydney by the March “Aorangi” after a visit to his Fiji goldmining interests. 17 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Rev. Father Bernard Wobken, S.M., of the Marist Mission, Cawaci, Fiji, arrived in New Zealand by the February “Mariposa”, on two months’ holiday.

Ordained a priest in Germany in 1931, he went to Fiji the following year and spent four years at the Sacred Heart Cathedral, Suva. For the past two years, he has had charge of the educational centre at Cawaci, where there are five different schools.

Rev. J. P. Jarman, L.Th., of South Australia* has been accepted by the Board of Methodist Overseas Mission to replace Rev. A. W. Guy, recently retired, at Bunama, Papua. After a period of training at the George Brown College, Sydney, he will depart for the Territory, with his wife.

KUKUKUKUS FIGHT.

Oil Searchers In Conflict With Wild Mountain People.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

PORT MORESBY, March 1.

WHILE prospecting for oil, a geological survey party of the Oriomo Oil Co., Ltd., under Mr. B. Warren Carey, and escorted by Patrol-Officer Timperly and nine members of the Armed Native Constabulary, met some, opposition from the Kukukuku people, in the mountainous district between the Vailala and Tauri Rivers, near the border of New Guinea, in December.

It is understood that, as a result, two of the natives employed by the Oriomo Oil Co. are dead and one Kukukuku man was killed; and that 14 carriers from the Gulf and Delta country subsequently deserted the party.

Patrol-Officer Timperly, after reprovisioning his police, returned to the district, and, it is understood, has established a Police camp there, with the object of tracing the missing men.

The Kukukukus (a derisive name given to the mountain people, between the Lakekamu to the Vailala, by the coastal tribes of the Papuan Gulf) live in small scattered villages at a height of 6,000 to 7,000 feet, and they always have resented any intrusion by strangers, white or black. They are superior marksmen with their bows and arrows, and are held in superstitious dread by the coastal people.

Miss Olive Green has been appointed by the Methodist Mission to be Chairman’s Assistant in the Fiji District in place of Miss J. C. Leslie, who is returning to her work with the Victorian Mission office.

Mr. R. Stevens has been accepted as a clerk in the Papuan Public Service. He has taken up duties in the Government Stores Department.

Hon. Alport Barker, Mayor of Suva and member of the Fiji Legislative Council, returned to Suva after a visit to New Zealand by the “Niagara”, at the end of February.

Typical Kukukuku men of the tribes inhabiting the mountainous country near the Papua- New Guinea border. These three handcuffed natives were arrested in the interior by District Officer Feldt, of the N.G. Service, and taken into Wau, in connection with the murder of Hcllmuth Baum, a German prospector, in 1931. They are wearing the distinctive garb of diminutive Kukukukus —a peculiar hood, for protection from both sun and rain, and a small sporran-like garment made of reeds. 18 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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The Ups and Downs of a New Guinea Carpenter.

FE story of the colourful career of an unemployed Sydney carpenter who went gold-mining in New Guinea, won the Lottery, went into business at Wau, became a bankrupt, and then inherited a fortune, was unfolded in th 6 Bankruptcy Court, Sydney, in February.

Edgar Matthew Turner applied successfully for the annulment of an order sequestrating his estate. According to the report of the Official Receiver, he had liabilities of £1,022, and estimated his assets at £6,176. One of the assets was 25 native “boys”, quoted at £lO each.

Turner, a married man, was formerly employed at Tooheys Ltd., Sydney, as a carpenter, until he lost his job in 1932.

He went to New Guinea and worked as a builder and gold miner. Two years later he won first prize of £5,000 in the N.S.W. State Lottery. He invested the money around Wau, and became a garage proprietor and head of the Wau Carrying Company.

In March, 1937, his estate was sequestrated, after his failure to meet a judgment for £465 obtained against him by the Bank of New South Wales. Turner disclosed to the Receiver that he possessed a substantial interest in the £25,900 estate of the late James Tudor Turner, his father. He is entitled to receive an annuity of £lOO and a quarter of the estate. The sum of £5,000 will soon be available.

The report concluded that Turner had paid his creditors 20/- in the pound. Apparently bis luck is still with him; an item in the list of assets read, ‘ Lottery prizes, £10”.

Missing Copies Of The

"P.I.M."

WE are receiving an increasing number of complaints from our subscribers that they do not regularly receive copies of the “Pacific Islands Monthly”, for which they have paid. The fault is not ours. Our wrappers are carefully checked before leaving our office, and the wrapped papers are checked again before despatch to the General Post Office. Yet, copies of the magazine disappear somewhere before they reach the persons to whom they are addressed.

This is a trouble that is experienced by many publishers of popular journals —whenever the opportunity occurs, unauthorised people who may have access to them before they are finally delivered have no hesitation in stealing them. The postal service guard against this as far as possible; but the fault often lies with the subscribers themselves, who leave their mail lying about and do not immediately take possession of it.

We should be grateful if subscribers who do not regularly receive their copies would immediately advise us of same, so that we may report the loss to the post office. If this is done regularly we have some chance of tracking down the thieves.

Miss Denise Judd, school-girl daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Judd, of Upper Watut, New Guinea, returned to Australia by the “Macdhui” early in March.

Demand For Judicial Reform In New Guinea.

Letter to the Editor.

IWISH to add my plea to your campaign for justice and the introduction of the jury system in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea.

When we consider the harsh sentences here in comparison with those given in other Courts, it makes us wonder why justice is not tempered with mercy and consideration given to the British maxim that “it is better that ten guilty men be allowed to go free than that one innocent man be convicted”.

In most cases, the First Offenders Act could apply, as the conviction with the loss of income and the heavy legal costs, is sufficient punishment.

Also our Judges should cease their custom of hurling a tirade of abuse at the accused after he has been found guilty. It is what we refer to as “kicking a man when he’s down”.

A Judge, who has an assured income and lives under the best of conditions, can seldom appreciate the circum- 19 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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CM lo e> Agfa-Billy-Re cord ONE would think that the camera was made from a single cast, so harmonious is the construction of the Speedex Record camera. Elegant appearance, easiness to carry in the case, extremely reliable lens and shutter, all help to make this camera one of the best of its kind. The correct choice of a camera is very important, for one does not buy a new camera every day, and it therefore has to be borne in mind that with the Speedex Record one is always fully equipped. As film use the all-weather Agfa Isochrom film. stances under which a crime is committed. He is unable to understand the mental strain brought about by fevers, bad food and conditions, and, most of all, the insecurity of the present and future, and the many disappointments that are part of the average man’s life in a pioneering community such as this.

Only a jury can give proper consideration to all these items.

AJso should a Judge be the sole arbitrator of public morals, or should he be guided by public opinion? If the latter, then I have spoken to many old and new residents of N.G. on the matter, and all are of a firm conviction that the power of our Judges should be curbed, as the sentences are far too harsh and vicious, and don’t allow for any element of doubt or mercy.

To say that one can appeal is ridiculous. Why, even a first trial here averages £l5O in costs, and £250 is required for an appeal.

Then the Judges of appeal in Australia admit (as they did in the Larkin case) that they are loath to upset a New Guinea judgment, as they do not understand the conditions of life here.

It comes hard on the miners and others who are taxed to help pay the Judge’s salary, and then have to subscribe to a collection to free one of their members from his judgment, as happened in a recent case.

A Judge who makes a glaring mistake, as in this case, should be liable to a suit for damages or be removed from his position for being incompetent.

This man’s good name—all his savings—his source of income—were ail lost to him.

It is British justice that where a wrong has been done it should be righted, but whom can he claim on?

The people here are 100 per cent, behind the demand for reform, and maybe in the future'we will obtain the rights that were granted to us under the Charter of King John, many centuries ago.

I am, etc., Wau.

NON-INQUISITOR.

New Rubber Companies

IN PAPUA.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 9.

UNDER the Papua Companies Ordinance, the following public companies have been registered Kasiabadina Estates Ltd., having a nominal capital of £16,000 in shares of jPI each. Registered office is care of Mr.

W. Brian Molloy, barrister and solicitor, Douglas Street.

Rubberlands (1938) Ltd., nominal capital £50,000 in 1,000 shares of £5O each.

Registered office is care of Mr. W. B Molloy.

Both these companies have planting interests in the Kanosia District, and it is understood that rubber is their objective.

Other companies registered were: Plantation Products Ltd., nominal capital £5,000 in shares of £1 each. Registered office is at Domara Plantation.

Tauhik Sluicing Company, of Misima, Island. Partners: Messrs. P. J. McDonald, A. S. Fitch, and E. V. Crisp. 20 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24 198 b.

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COOK IS. FRUIT.

ALTHOUGH New Zealand officialdom claims good results from the C.I. orange control plan, the N.Z. fruitmerchants are unconvinced and scornful.

“Look at the figures for yourself,” they said to me in Auckland, in February. “Under private enterprise, we brought 40,000 cases of C.I. oranges into New Zealand in a year; and, being twoway traders, we could provide cargoes for the ships on their way back. Last year, under this Government arrangement, 13,000 cases came in, and the shipping owners have had a thin time.

“The Government, from April 1, will take charge of bananas, in the same fashion. It is going to be rough on the growers.

“These C.I. bananas are poor little things—the worst that come in here.

“If this Government would forget about marketing, and its hatred of the rapacious traders, and would teach the Cook Islanders to cultivate oranges and bananas, we should be getting somewhere. Nearly all the Cook Island oranges are ‘wild’ oranges. Go and compare them with the cultivated oranges imported from other places.”

The writer did. Comparisons are odious!—R.W.R.

"Mis-Sent To Samarai."

Complaints of a Muddled Mail Service.

“/CITIZEN” writes from Salamaua, and, after describing the various disadvantages of life there, declares that residents there have “the worst mail service in the world.” He says:— “A boat arrived here on December 26, 1937. Needless to say, we were all looking forward to receiving letters and greetings from friends and families.

Most of us received very few letters and were very downhearted over it. When the next boat arrived, a few weeks later, we received quite a number of letters by it, and we also found why they did not arrive on the previous boat. Most of our letters were endorsed ‘Mis-sent to Samarai’.

“Apparently, the clerks that placed those letters in the Samarai bag in Sydney do not know the difference between Salamaua and Samarai.

“Several 'weeks before Christmas, many of us citizens mailed several cards of greetings, letters, etc., to friends overseas. They arrived in Sydney and the letter-sorters placed them in the New Guinea bag, with the result that we received our mail back again. I myself put it down to just utter carelessness.

We cannot be blamed, as our mail was addressed and endorsed properly, also the right amount of stamps were used.

“We are constantly having trouble with our mail. I have seen complaints in the ‘P.I.M.’ about letters being sent Air-Mail ‘by Papua-New Guinea Air Mail’, being placed in the wrong bag and coming all the way here by boat. I might mention that the same thing still goes on.

“If the officials that are the cause of all this delay came up here and put up with the loneliness that we endure, they would very soon know what it means to receive a letter on time.” 21 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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e m ft rrrri m w 55 P n > sc ri * i rsi c n $> CD -< nl B'© H <W/y m J VV :U. ;; 55^ sS -I Superannuation and Water Supply in Port Moresby.

Letter to the Editor. 1 NOTICE, in your January issue, some critical comment regarding the action of the Papuan Government in allotting the sum of £lO,OOO to the support of the Superannuation Fund, instead of, for instance, providing a water supply for Port Moresby.

There is also a criticism by Mr. G. A.

Loudon of the composition of the Executive Council of Papua.

Taking this criticism first: He says that “these are the days of youth” and that a change should be made in the Executive Council because the present members ‘are all over the retiring age’”.

Well, while I have no intention of attempting an answer to Mr. Loudon’s general criticism, I must say that the standard of accuracy observed by him in this reference to the Council is hardly complimentary to his other claims. The retiring age is 65 years (Regulation 61), and of the seven members (oflicial)— the Council is limited to eight official members and one non-official—not one is at, or over, the retiring age. The Senior member is 57 years of age; the next (reported as retiring) is 64 years; the next is 51; the next is 62; the next is 53; the next is 58; and the last is 56.

So Mr. Loudon’s ALL is reduced to NONE.

Another point is that while in one place it is advocated that these senior men should be thrown into the discard —or really on to the Superannuation Fund, which Mr. Loudon objects to strengthen—in another it is complained that the highest administrative positions in the territories are NOT given to such men. Surely, if they are adjudged competent to fill positions of ultimate responsibility in other territories, they are also fitted to operate in the territory about which, they obviously have the most knowledge?

Now, on this matter of allotting £lO,- 000 to the support of the Superannuation Fund. Would Mr. Loudon, and others, advocate that the Papuan Government should default in its obligations to the men who voluntarily surrendered position and salary in th,e belief that the statutory obligations entered into by the Government would be duly honoured?

And surely it were better to adopt the ordinary business precaution of strengthening the Fund when revenue is buoyant, than to risk a repetition of the 1933 incident? Then, through just this neglect to strengthen the Fund during th,e earlier years of comparative plenty, the Government was forced to “warn” the retired men that their statutory allowances (which they had paid for in full —just as if they had purchased an annuity from an insurance company) might be reduced in the near future.

It is, of course, well known that the Superannuation Scheme was not, and is not, popular with some “outside” interests. but the fact remains, whatever its merits may be, that the Scheme has been enacted, and many of the old officers have retired under its provisions. They were given no option in the matter, and had nothing to do with the provisions of the Scheme, so I ask Mr. Loudon —Does he advocate that the contract made with these men be repudiated? If not, then how does he suggest that the Fund be strengthened against the possibilities— not to say probabilities—of the future?

Or does he band himself with a section of the Public Service Association which, in 1933, disclosed a willingness to sacrifice the interests of the retired men in the hope that their own salaries could be protected thereby from reduction?

The result of this betrayal of the retired men was that they had to appeal to the Minister for protection, and they lost all confidence both in the integrity of the P.S.A. and in the stability of the Fund upon which they rely to keep them from want in their declining years. These are mostly the men who worked for a mere pittance, and under extremely adverse conditions in the early days—pay and conditions such as are quite unknown in these days of service classification and “soft” living.

On the matter of providing a local service from revenue: Surely Mr. Loudon, and any other person with interests outside Port Moresby, would not advocate that the Territorial revenue should be used for such a purely local service as the proposed water supply for Port Moresby? Even the cost of wharfage accommodation (which is more “territorial” in its nature, serving as it does the interests of practically the whole Territory) was not met from the local revenue, but from loan moneys.

Here it should be well known that even as early as the writer’s control of the Public Works Department, there existed a comprehensive scheme for an adequate

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ASPRO* Safety Protects all the Family through Summer and Winter water supply for Port Moresby, and the fmancial provisions were duly approved by a secret vote of the residents. This scheme was based upon the principle of a loan from the Commonwealth to cover construction cost, and LOCAL taxation (of those who would directly benefit) to cover interest, redemption, and operating charges—leaving the interests outside Port Moresby free from any charge for a service from which they derived no direct benefit. Which would Mr. Loudon prefer: A general taxing of the whole of the Territory, or making the people who obtained the benefit pay for it?

Incidentally, it might be as well to mention, while on the subject of a water supply for Port Moresby, and in answer to the official statement that further “experts” were to be brought in to advise on this matter, that the local Department already has evolved a satisfactory scheme —it is the one mentioned above. It succeeded where the imported “experts” had failed, and further, it demonstrated how the scheme could be made an economic success—a thing that none of the “experts” had even attempted to do. Unless the local Department has lost all confidence in itself, that scheme is ready to be put into effect directly funds are made available, so why call in more “experts”? It would have been carried out when the writer was in control, only that the Commonwealth failed to grant the necessary funds.

I am, etc., J. T. BENSTED, Formerly Director of Public Works, and Member of the Legislative and Executive Councils of Papua.

Sydney, Feb. 16, 1938.

JAPANESE POACHERS.

Another Series of Incidents.

JAPANESE poaching activities in South-west Pacific waters are slowly boiling up to a crisis.

More shell-stealers have been seen lately off the coasts of New Caledonia and the French, having caught and confiscated three or four of them, are now eagerly trying for another capture.

A Japanese company with headquarters in the Caroline Islands is bringing suit the Australian Government, in connection with the capture of two shellpoachers near Darwin. The Japanese have briefed leading Sydney counsel.

The Dutch, in January, boarded twelve Japanese fishing boats in the East Indies and arrested 80 Japanese suspected of poaching and spying. The Dutch are spending £1,000,000 on East Indies defences, the money being raised by 1 per cent, duty on all exports.

All this cannot go on indefinitely.

Sooner or later, the Japanese will clash with the British, or Dutch, or French, or all of them.

Seven Deaths In Fiji

DYSENTERY OUTBREAK.

Prom Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Mar. 3.

NAVUA district has experienced a serious dysentery outbreak, chiefly confined to Indians and natives. According to the Medical Department there were about 80 cases, seven of which were fatal.

Residents of the district have levelled severe criticism at the Medical Department, alleging that there was delay in taking steps to combat the outbreak.

They said that though certain areas where the disease was rife were quarantined, the natives failed to observe this. The result was that the disease continued to spread.

The Indian Medical Practitioner in Navua had his hands full, and residents are full of praise for his work. Since the matter has been brought to the Government’s notice, an N.M.P. and a European sanitary inspector have been sent there. Native nurses have also gone to look after patients admitted to the temporary hospital, established in the school.

Sergeant Major S. H, Elliott, Cameronions (Scottish Rifles), arrived in Suva by the “Tainui” on February 26 to take up an appointment with the Fiji Defence Force in place of Regimental Sergeant Major W. Verona, who recently returned to England.

Mr. James Arming, Head Attendant of the Public Lunatic Asylum, returned to Suva after leave spent in England by the “Tainui”- late in February.

Mr. E. Moline has joined the Papuan Public Service as a clerk in the Native Labour Office at Samarai. 24 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Mineral Exploitation On Large Scale.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

NOUMEA, Feb. 28.

THE Japanese Steamer “Maniwa Maru” brought in four Japanese (one engineer and three experts) for the opening up of the iron mines at Goro, near the Havanah Passage, in the South of New Caledonia.

At the end of March, all the material for making the wharf, and erecting the most up-to-date works and plant, and houses for the 120 Javanese already brought in, will arrive in the steamers “Brisbane Maru” and “Kokau Maru”.

M. Seo, who is a director of the Noumea Bank in Japan, is opening up the mines named Cascade, Fer, Fer Extension, and Robert, for the company Nippon Kokau Kaisha, and will arrive at Noumea on April 16.

These modern works have a loading capacity of 1,000 tons per day—which naturally will tend to enormously reduce all loading costs.

Taking bagged copra on board the plantation schooner at Put Put, one of the best known coconut estates in New Guinea. Discovered by Parkinson in 1884, Put Put (called Bugenhafen during the German regime) is one of the few safe harbours on the eastern coast of the Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, In recent years, thriving coffee plantations have been established in this district. 25 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Name - Address — ...— LECTURE ON NEW HEBRIDES.

A. J. MARSHALL, a well-known Australian ornithologist, was the guest of honour at the Pacific Islands Club meeting, held at the Carlton Hotel, Sydney, on March 2. He gave an entertaining account of his experiences while engaged in research work on the island of Espiritu Santo, in the New Hebrides Group.

Mr. Marshall spoke critically of the present system of Government in the Condominium, which, he claimed, “was the worst in the world, and was doing very little for the natives”. Contrasting this, he pointed out that excellent work was being done by the Missions, an outstanding feature of which was the marked increase in population in the districts under missionary influence compared with the decrease which was apparent in other sections of the Group.

Mr. Marshall recently returned from England, where he was engaged in research w®rk at Oxford. A year ago he carried out scientific and anthropological research work in Dutch New Guinea and the north-western portion of th© Mandated Territory.

Mission Spheres Of

INFLUENCE.

Papuan System Criticised By Bishop.

LAYMEN who have no special interest in missionary enterprise, beyond seeing that the minds of primitive islanders are not bamboozled by the clamour of rival Christian sects, often have praised the system inaugurated by Sir William Macgregor in Papua, and adhered to by the present Governor, Sir Hubert Murray. There, the Territory is divided among the different missionary organisations; and each, in its own section, is permitted to Christianise the natives without interference from any other denomination.

But some Church leaders—who cannot follow the layman’s argument that it does not matter how a man gets to heaven, so long as he gets there, and who insist that there can be only one true Church—naturally do not like the system.

Bishop de Boismenu, of Papua, in a paper read at the Eucharistic Congress in Newcastle on February 17, strongly criticised the policy by which the various Churches were restricted in their mission work in Papua to different “spheres in religious influence”.

“To an Australian citizen, a lover of liberty and fair play”, said the Bishop, “it will appear strange, but it is a fact that, in the first colony of the Commonwealth, religious liberty is violated, and the Apostolate fettered politically. It is the fault of the men who have, for many years, imposed on the local Government of Papua the policy of spheres of religious influence, a miserable system which, in order to have peace, strangles liberty. Confirmed by the Australian Prime Minister, Mr. Deakin, in 1908, in spite of the Royal Commission of 1906, this mean policy still continues and is imposed on Papua, a very challenge to the Australian Constitution, of which Article 116 assures entire religious liberty to all citizens of the Commonwealth.”

Bishop Boismenu said that in the eyes of the world, Australia had fulfilled its trust in Papua with so much success that, at Geneva, Australian rule had been found worthy of being offered as an example to the mandatories of the League of Nations, praise which was due, above all, to the great Australian who, for more than 30 years, had governed Papua with mastery and wisdom —Sir Hubert Murray.

Rev. Richard Piper, of Ashfield, N.S.W., has been appointed secretary of the Methodist Overseas Mission Society, in succession to Rev. G. H.

Hewitt. Mr. Piper entered the ministry in 1907 and was sent to Fiji where he laboured for 19 years.

Mr. J. E. Allitn, M.A., of Davenport, New Zealand, arrived in Apia, Western Samoa, on March 1 to take up the post of secondary assistant at the Ifi If I Junior High School. 26 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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CLAY-EATING PAPUANS.

THE statement that certain Papuans eat clay is not’ by any means new (“P.1.M.”, December last); the fact was noted years ago on Papua’s east coast.

The people around Cape Vogel, from Menapi (at least) in Goodenough Bay, to the Damwappas, in Collingwood Bay, pour scorn on men who would so demean themselves as to eat it, for clay is the thing that no married woman (and, unfortunately, some single ones) should, in their opinion, never be without. It is the perquisite of the women during pregnancy.

The clay used here (on Cape Vogel) is of two kinds; white, in Mukawan dialect, “yabora”, and red (“tanomidara”).

It is taken from the hillsides, nearby the sea, and right down to the beach itself.

The women are very eager to use it, and take it with them to their gardens.

One man told me they sleep with it, so that it is handy for use when they want to eat it. It is rolled into small cakes, baked near the fire, and eaten usually after other food. It has an effect, it is said, something like betel nut, though not so strong.—C.W.W.A.

Mr. Cliff Tarltington, of the Bank of New South Wales at Salamaua, Ne-w Guinea, arrived in Sydney by the March Macdhui” after his two-years’ term of service.

Mr. T. Robson, Resident Commissioner at Savaii, Western Samoa, who has been on furlough in England, arrived in Sydney by the “Moreton Bay” at the end of February. During the voyage out, Mr. Robson announced his engageto Miss D. Howell, of Coorparoo, Queensland. Their marriage will take place in Samoa in June.

Is Handshaking A

Foul Habit?

Letter to the Editor.

WE beg - to bring to your attention and solicit the aid of your valuable journal in propagating the principles of an institution now forming at Tahiti—viz.: The Society for the Abolition of Miscellaneous Hand Shaking.

Thfs custom, we believe, originated— in an age when everyone had to be wary —as. a sign that neither carried weapons in the right or sword hand.

The inventor of this practice little knew that he was setting loose on humanity weapons vastly more deadly than any claymore or skull-cleaver which, could be brought to bear on an enemy at that period of enlightenment.

We first learned of these invisible and potent instruments of destruction when, as a student, we sat at the feet of an eminent profession of bacteriology. This learned instruction used to make our hair stand on end by reciting the infinite variety of horrific and loathsome diseases which could be transmitted through the medium of hand-shaking.

Accordingly, we took precaution: wore gloves, washed our hands at the nearest tap, or, if we were abroad, carried with us a flask of disinfectant—gin by preference, as it answered a double purpose.

But, here in the South Seas, we are helpless. One never wears gloves in this hot climate; taps are few and far between; and we cannot carry a gin flask, as we have a reputation of god-fearing sobriety to maintain. And. to make matters worse, hand-shaking is an obsession in these islands.

At any considerable gathering, everyone ceremoniously shakes hands with everyone else and, in the fear he has missed one of the company, starts again and shakes hands all around a second time. At parting this general hand-shaking is gone through once more.

If one stopped to estimate the museum of microbes he had collected from the multitude of moist hands, reason would totter on her throne and fear corrupt the marrow of one’s bones.

The S.A.M.H.S. has been instituted to abate and finally abolish this evil. We propose a graceful military salute in place of the old custom.

Our membership now numbers three.

But, regarding the mighty oaks which, in the history of the world, have grown from tiny acorns, we have great hopes for the future.

I am, etc., THE POUNDER.

Tahiti. Peb. 10.

"DREAMINGS." are the things of my dreaming— Ships, and a wind-swept sky.

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Sweep of the tropic trade-winds, Salt of the blowing spray.

Curve of a creaming breaker , Where ragged palm-trees sway.

These are the things of my dreaming— Blinding my weary eyes To th® smoke of the factory chimneys Staining the autumn skies.

MARJORIE COURT. 21 Wlgton Street, Ascot Vale, Victoria. 28 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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THAT "WALKING- STICK" LEGEND.

Refuted By Sir H. Murray's Own Report.

Letter to the Editor, ISEE the much-worn cliche, “a man can walk through Papua with a walking stick”, has again raised its ancient head, in “Koi-Koi’s” letter in your journal in January, under the title “A Parody of Kipling”.

“Koi-Koi” boldly asserts: “This they do despite Sir Hubert Murray’s boast that one can walk from one end of Papua to the other with nothing more lethal than a walking stick”.

It may be of interest to your readers to note that this stupid boast has for many years past been attributed facetiously to different governors of the Colonial Empire, at various times, in relation to the territories they administer, and is a much-worn joke that has become stale with repetition.

"It is evident that at no time has Sir Hubert Murray ever expressed such silly optimism, as can be seen in several Annual Reports of the territory, in which he makes reference to the phrase. Take the Annual Report for 1914/15: — “These outrages” (i.e., the murder of Ballot and Macintosh, and of four A.C.’s at Abau) “and particularly the murder of Macintosh, are a melancholy confirmation of what was said in the last Annual Report about the necessity for constant care, even in districts which may appear to be under control, and of the warning given against the silly optimism which boasts that ‘a man can walk through Papua with a walking stick’ ”.

Exception perhaps might also be taken to another well-worn phrase appearing also in the same issue, namely. “Papua for the Papuans”, which another correspondent declares to be an idealistic cry of the Papuan Government.

This is not and never has been a Government cry. It is no more than an old political slogan that was invented in England in the closing years of the last century, and adapted by the settlers of various colonies of the Empire for local use 20 or 30 years ago—chiefly by a section of the community who would have no rights, accorded to natives.

This and the walking stick cliche are both quite out of date. Whatever opinion your correspondents may have of the Lieut.-Governor of Papua, at least they must agree that he is no fool; and one cannot easily imagine Sir Hubert Murray giving utterance to the senseless twaddle that your two correspondents have attributed to him in their letters in the January issue.

I am, etc., MOMOKANI.

Pt. Moresby, 25/2/’SB.

Baula Kogaika, of Vavau, Tonga, is at present in Australia doing deputation work for the Methodist Church.

An old native of the Markham Valley District, New Guinea, lights his pipe for a quiet smoke. 29 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8,

Huon Pine Boat Planks Practically Borer Proof and Everlasting, also Spotted Gum Timbers—Prices Right.

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Established Tahiti'S Air

SERVICE.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Feb. 7.

HAVING completed his three years of colonial service, Commandant Jeanpierre, chief of the naval and air service in French Oceania, under His Excellency the Governor, will shortly return to France.

During his term of service, Commandant Jeanpierre established an air service in the colony. Under his direction a fine and efficient aerodrome was made at Papeete. His office has been assumed by Commandant M. Brachet, who has recently arrived from Prance.

Two other officers of the navy have also completed their colonial service here.

Thoy are Commandant P&ucellier, of the war sloop “Zelee”, and Lieutenant Samarcelli, his second in command. Commandant Kerangal Des Essarts succeeds Commandant Paucellier on the “Zelee”.

Mr. E. J. Latchford, storeman at Bulolo, New Guinea, for 8.G.D., Ltd., arrived in Sydney by the February “Neptuna” on three months’ leave.

No Australian Rule!

New Hebrides Planters Would Rather Have Condominium Than Commonwealth.

Letter to the Editor. (This article is written for the “Pacific Islands Monthly” by a well-known planter in the New Hebrides, who has resided there for over 30 years).

IHAVE just received the December “Pacific Islands Monthly”. I and many of my friends look forward to every number, and often discuss the different topics touched upon.

We notice with pleasure the appointment of the Rt. Hon. W. M. Hughes as Minister for External Affairs. Island affairs could well be left in his able hands, provided he were entirely independent of Canberra. But such is not the case.

We New Hebrideans follow very closely every move in New Guinea and when it was mooted that Australia should take over the British part of the Condominium I am certain that, with the exception of some missionaries and employees of commercial firms, every planter and trader expressed strong objection to the transfer. If it were proposed seriously, they would in all probability endeavour to go over to the French flag.

No one who has studied New Guinea affairs, would acclaim the Australian regime there as a success. Rules and regulations are laid down by politicians at Canberra, men who know as much about Island affairs and the handling of natives as a cat does of French mustard.

Men are appointed to positions regardless of experience and standing, as long as they have some political friends to push them into billets.

Such is not the fact in the Condominium. We enjoy privileges here which are thoroughly appreciated by everyone. Our cheap postal rates; the convenient way the Customs are arranged to meet the settlers; and, as far as the officials are concerned, they do not bother us, or lord it over us, providing a settler follows the few rules and regulations laid down for the protection and well-being of whites and blacks. The present administration will do us, fine.

Would we be under the same happy conditions under Australian rule? I doubt it!

If a plebiscite were taken, one would soon see what we Britishers would choose.

In the meanwhile I hope, we shall continue under the Condominium for many years to come.

THOSE CORONATION MEDALS.

I notice, further, in the December issue, mention of our Aoba natives’ refusal to accept the Coronation medals, and the reason why. The reason given by you, or as reported to you, is not correct.

I called at Aoba some little time ago and had a talk with some of the elder chiefs of the island, whom I knew 30 odd years ago, and from them I gathered what appears to be the correct reason.

The Coronation Medals were not in any way compared with the identification discs of the Queensland recruiters. So far from considering their engagement on the plantations in Queensland as one of bondage, the New Hebridian gloried in it, and well do I remember in 1906 and 1907 the discontent of the repatriated natives, who had to adjust themselves to the changed circumstances among their fellow men, and this I can assure you, were a Queensland recruiting ship to anchor at any Island to recruit for Queensland today, it would fill up within a few hours.

No, th,e evil can be easily traced back to later years, and the blame rests solely on the Condominium Government, which has let the Aobans get out of hand.

Thirty years ago, the Aobans were totally different. Then came missionary influence, coupled with commerce. One missionary, after leaving the mission, to strengthen his position established native traders down the coast. These on the surface acted independently, but under the instructions of their boss. However. 30 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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'Phone: MX 1191 (7 lines). I 'Phone: F 3616. little by little, these natives withdrew from their leader; made fairly large plantations; and in short became independent businessmen, and they are served by the different steamers plying in the Group to this very day.

With other words, the success of these men has fostered a belief among the natives, that they can do without the white man—or Aoba for the Aobans.

When, therefore, the Government began issuing the medals, they considered the medals as a badge of bondage. Had the Government Agent promptly arrested th,e ring-leaders and dealt with them, as they deserved, the matter would have died a natural death; but, instead of doing this, for years the two Governments have pursued a milk-sop policy towards these people, and permitted them to consider themselves above the whites, hence for the future it will take more than one policeman and a Government Agent to cope with these gentry.

I will admit that a Government Agent’s job at Aoba is made very difficult by the attitude of the Protestant Missionaries.

“You must be kind to them (the natives), and not hurt them by being severe. After all they are only children at heart, etc., etc”. These are the missionary sentiments and rules.

When did a native ever respect anything but brute force?

A year ago a new missionary (Church of Christ) was appointed to Aoba. A section of his district didn’t want him as their spiritual leader and they formed an independent board of mission of natives, and appointed an individual of no denomination as their teacher, and completely severed themselves from their original church.

Another instance, which also goes to prove my claim of these people’s antagonistic feelings towards the Government: A village ordered several 600-gal. tanks.

The tanks were promptly made and sent on to the village. Unfortunately, one of the corrugated iron sheets had a Queen’s head on it, as a trade mark. The natives promptly refused to take delivery of same, and the new tanks were still lying on the grass when I was there.

My personal opinion is that too much notice is taken of these so-called “ordained” priests and deacons; their limited mental capacity cannot take the responsibility whjch the church places upon them, and they get into mischief among the villagers. Clip their wings, and a good deal of trouble will be obviated at Aoba.

I know that by uttering these sentiments publicly, I am stepping on the feet of some of the missionaries: but surely the peace of the island is of more worth to the community than the braying of a few of these blind spouters and leaders of rebellion.

I am. etc., “ONLOOKER”.

New Hebrides, Feb. 9, 1938.

Mr. Magnus Shaw Walker, of the Emperor Gold Mining Co., Tavua, Fiji, married Miss Emma Molloy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Molloy, of Suva, at the Sacred Heart Cathedral, Suva, in February.

Miss Elsie Smith, Matron of the Methodist Mission’s Dudley Orphanage for Indian children in Fiji, arrived in Sydney early in March from India, where she spent her furlough studying at a language school.

Mr. A. S. Gaye, British Government representative on the British Phosphate Commission, which controls the Nauru and Ocean Island workings, arrived in Melbourne from London by the “Orcades” in early March to attend the Commission’s annual meeting.

Serious Crimes in Samoa.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA. Feb. 22.

THERE have been several cases of serious crime before the Apia High Court recently.

During a quarrel between Samoan youths in Aleipata district a fight took place and stones were thrown by the combatants. A young girl trying to stop the fight was knocked unconscious by a stone. At Aleipata hospital a large piece of her skull had to be removed. She subsequently recovered. Her assailant, Misiluki, was sentenced to 18 months’ imprisonment.

On charges of indecent assault and attempted rape, a Samoan, Faavevela, was sentenced to three years’ and five years’ concurrent imprisonment.

A “local-bom”, Robert Blacklock, recently returned home and found a native with the Samoan girl who lived with him.

He rushed at the native (Poasa) with a knife and slashed off his thumb, besides causing head injuries. Tried before the High Court, Blacklock was sent to gaol for three years.

A fight between some Samoan school boys working on a plantation on South Upolu, in which sticks and knives were used, resulted in the death of a 19-yearsold youth, Tavita. A Samoan, Paina, was subsequently charged with manslaughter.

Rev. J. Bidwell, who arranged for the transfer of the control of Norfolk Island from the Melanesian Mission to the Sydney Diocese of the Anglican Church, returned to Australia by the February “Morinda”. 31 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

WANTED Regular supplies of Used Pacific Island stamps. All Coronations. Jubilees, Airmails and ordinary issues wanted. Best prices paid. Submit stamps or details to: W. HORNADGE.

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DEWARS ~?/l& scotch whisky DANGEROUS DRIVERS AT WAU.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, Mar. 2.

TWO car accidents which could have had serious consequences occurred at Wau in February. Fortunately no one was seriously injured.

There is a very strong feeling here that not enough notice is taken of furious and drunken driving. Residents say that the police seem to be more concerned with trivial matters than apprehending car drivers who scoot round corners at most ridiculous speeds.

Native drivers appear to have things too much their own way. and seem overconfident in the handling of trucks.

OIL SEARCH IN PAPUA.

Whole Territory Now Parcelled Among Four Companies.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 1.

ON February 12. the Lt.-Governor (Sir Hubert Murray) issued Permit No. 7 to Oriomo Oil Ltd., under Section 22A of the Petroleum (Mining) Ordinance 1934-1937, with exclusive rights to prospect for petroleum in and upon an area of 1.250 sq. miles in the Central Division, adjoining the eastern boundary of their Permit No. 5. An area consisting of 11,925 sq. miles in the Central. Gulf, and Delta Divisions, was issued to the Company on September 29, 1936. The working of this came into force on November 1, 1936, for a period of 12 months, and later was extended to October 31. 1938.

With the issuing of Permit No. 7. with the exception of the Uncontrolled Area, and a small section to the north-west of the Central Division, all the country in the Territory to the west of Galley Reach has now been granted under permit to four companies prospecting for oil. These companies are: Papua Oil Development Co. Ltd., holding an area under permit of 20,000 sq. miles in the Western and Delta Divisions. (Permit No. 1.) Island Exploration Co. Pty. Ltd., with three separate areas, consisting in all of approximately 21,000 sq. miles, in the Western and Delta Divisions. (Permits Nos. 2, 3. and 4.) Oriomo Oil Ltd. (Permits Nos. 5 and 7.) Papuan Apinaipi Petroleum Co. Ltd., with Permit No. 6. consisting of 57 sq. miles on what is known as the Jokea- Apinaipi Dome, in the Gulf Division.

The conditions of Permit No. 7. as with other permits, include the expenditure of large sums of money for the purpose of the permit in the first and second half of the term of 12 months from the date of issue.

Description of Permit No. 7 is as follows: —Commences at the mouth of the St. Joseph River, the S.E. comer of Permit No. 5 and. bounded on the south by the coast, southerly and easterly to Morabi. on the east by a line north to the St. Joseph River, on the north-east by a line in a north-easterly direction to Nepa, as far as the intersection of such line with the eastern boundary of Permit No. 5. The western boundary is bounded by the eastern boundary of Permit No. 5, which runs southerly to the point of commencement. The area is approximately 1,250 sq. miles, situated in the Central Division.

The combined areas xor all permits amount to 54,600 sq. miles on the mainland of Papua, which consists of an area of 87,000 sq. miles. Therefore about twothirds of the Territory has been taken up by companies under permits for oil prospecting.

ABSENCE OF INFORMATION.

The search for oil is being carried on actively by all the Companies, both in Papua and the Mandated Territory; but there is little information about the prospects of the search. The experts will not talk; and the rank and file, being engaged on sectional duties, are not competent to express an opinion on the outlook generally.

The best-informed people, however, do not expect anything spectacular—such as a mighty gusher. It is more likely that the oil, if it is there, will be “brought in” quietly and modestly and that the first the general public will know will be a small, gradually increasing export of crude oil.

It may be taken as certain that, if oil is found in payable quantities, the public will know nothing about it until Governments and Companies are ready for the announcement.

Prince George Gu, younger son of Queen Salote, of Tonga, arrived in Auckland from Nukualofa by the “Matua” on February 21. 32 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 1 938.

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6334—8.7 The Pii Mato A Vanished Race of Cliff- Dwellers in Tahiti.

By “Opunohu.”

THIRTY or more years ago, one could not be long in the Islands without hearing stories of the Pii Mato.

Pii Mato (which means literally, Calling from the Cliff Tops) was the name applied to a people who lived in the hidden valleys and on the high plateaux of the interior mountains of Tahiti and Moorea. They were probably the aboriginal inhabitants of the islands who were driven inland by the earliest wave of warrior invasion from the West, and maintained themselves in the remote pockets of the mountains and inaccessible heights during the centuries which followed.

Numerous stone-buttressed terraces and house platforms at high altitudes far inland, on both islands, bear witness that these lofty districts were heavily populated in ancient times. , General repute credits the Pii Mato with extraordinary abilities for climbing the perpendicular cliffs which forbid access to many parts to the ordinary mountaineer. They were said to have accomplished these feats by the aid of short, pointed ironwood sticks, held in each hand, which they inserted in the cracks and crevices of the cliffs, as they climbed, and so drew themselves up from height to height.

The writer came to the Islands just too late to see any of these interesting people, but he has shaken the hand that shook the hand of the last of the Pii Mato. A friend of many years who passed his youth on Moorea, knew well the probable last surviving Pii Mato of that island.

Often this friend and a number of companions went inland on expeditions for Fe’i (mountain plantain). Most of the valleys terminate at a straight up and down precipice; to gain the heights the party was compelled to follow a roundabout way up the flanking hills.

Whenever the old Pii Mato went with them he, with the aid of his ironwood sticks, would be up the cliff, have gathered his bunches of Fe’i, and have descended again to the valley floor before the others of the party had arrived at their destination, i The native stories of former times allege that the Pii Mato possessed supernatural powers, especially the power of levitation. They were believed to be able to spread their arms and float from mountain top to mountain top by the power of their enchantments, or to raise their bodies from the valley floors to the most dizzy heights; but that is legend.

What is probably true is that necessity and centuries of training developed a technique of climbing which caused the uninitiated to marvel. Hence these strange stories, which became imbedded in native belief, about this mysterious and now vanished people.

Scholarship Scheme For

YOUNG TONGANS.

Prom Our Own Correspondent NUKUALOFA, Feb. 24.

THE first boy to be sent abroad under the scholarship scheme for the children of Tongan Nobles originated by Crown Prince Tubouto’a a year ago, is Alibate Tubou, heir to the title Vaea.

He left by the “Matua” on the 9th for New Zealand, where he will attend Wesley College, Paerata, Auckland.

The scholarship fund is provided by the Nobles, who have allocated a portion of their monthly allowance to accumulate in a Trust Account for the purpose. Through the generosity of Queen Salote the fund was recently augmented by a gift of £445.

Exhibition Of Islands

CURIOS.

AN interesting collection of South Seas curios is now on display at Anthony Horderns’ gallery, Sydney.

Gathered by Mr. Ernest Osborne, they date from a period before white traders introduced metals among the islanders, and thus are genuine examples of primitive craftsmanship.

Some of the weaving is exquisite as to pattern, and extraordinarily delicate in its intricate work. There are strings of beads in which every bead is a tooth from the head of a stain foe. Motherof-pearl has been used to make fishhooks, and chest ornaments have been made from the teeth of sperm whales.

The curios are mostly from the Line Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Group and the Solomons.

Mr. Reginald Green, of Norfolk Island, married Miss Dora Tinkler at St.

Barnabas’ Chapel, N. 1., in February.

Rev. W. K. Deasey performed the service. 33 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Male.

Female, Tongatabu 7,209 6,883 Haapai 3,495 3,584 Vavau 4,011 3,998 Niuafoou 721 614 Niuatobutabu .. 415 383 Eua 225 215 Total 16,076 15,677 1937. 1927.

Tongans . . 31,753 26,128 Non-Tongans 1,108 1,203 Total 32,861 27,331 PURE RICE STARCH Always ask for . . .

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Garden Vale Ready-toserve Vegetables Mr. Michael Portley, Head Teacher of the Thursday Island School, returned to T.I. by the February “Taiping”, after recovering from a serious operation.

During his absence, Mr. Robert Elmes was relieving teacher.

WHERE MUCH RICH GOLD HAS BEEN WON.

Training Nauruan Scouts.

A PARTY of 10 Nauruan Boy Scouts arrived in Victoria by the “Triona” on February 22 to undergo a special course of training at Geelong Technical College.

This is the second group of lads to be brought to Australia under the scheme devised by the Nauru Administration and Mr. E. Hurst (County Scout Commissioner in Victoria). The natives are trained as teachers in various phases of technical education and are then sent home to carry out instruction in Nauru.

Tonga's Population Is Increasing.

From Our Own Correspondent.

NUKUALOFA, Feb. 22.

THE census taken last year shows the Tongan population is 31,753. Compared with 26,128 in 1927, this is an increase of 5,621 over a 10-years’ period.

The Tongans are steadily increasing.

Though the birth rate is high, the infant death rate is proportionately high, too; however, th,ere is a noticeable decrease in the latter due to the efforts of the Medical and Public Health Departments.

In 1840 the Tongan population was 18,500 (excluding the two Niuas), according to the estimate Commodore Wilkes received from the missionaries. The first official census, however, was not until 1900, when the population was 20,019, Since then there has been a steady increase until it fell from 24.245 in 1917- 1918 to 22,689 in 1918-1919, owing to the influenza epidemic. Subsequent figures show a steady improvement.

The native population is composed of 16,076 males and 15,677 females and is distributed among the chief groups as follows: The census gives the figures for non- Tongans as follows (1926 figures in parenthesis): —Europeans 433 (611); halfcastes, 306 (225); other Pacific Islanders, 296 (302); foreigners (mostly Asiatics), 63 (65).

The total population for the Kingdom is now composed as follows: Senor Manuel Bosch-Barrett, President of the Joint Court of the Condominium of the New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney from Vila by the February “Pierre Loti”. He sailed later by the “Nieuw Holland” to spend the Court vacation in Bali, Dutch East Indies.

MOUNT KAINDI (7,000 ft.), New Guinea—a view from the Bulolo River, In the foreground is a prospector’s camp. This huge range is drained by the famous Edie Creek (where the discovery of gold by Messrs Royal and Glasson led to the 1926 “rush”) and its tributaries, the chief of which are Merri, Slate, and Midas Creeks— all very rich streams from which much highly payable gold has been taken.

On the lower slopes of Mt.

Kaindi, at 4,000 ft., are several large ore deposits. 34 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Death of Manuel Silva, Hero of the 1889 Hurricane.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Feb. 22.

WHEN the German cruiser “Karlsruhe” called at Apia in 1935, there took place a service of remembrance for the German sailors who perished during the 1889 hurricane. At that ceremony there was presented to the Commander of the German warship a small, inoffensive-looking old man whose sparkling black eyes betrayed the Portuguese blood in his veins—Manuel Silva, who once had been feted and honoured by the German and American Governments for saving 10 American and German sailors during the catastrophe in Apia harbour Quietly and unobtrusively as he has lived, Manuel Silva passed away on February 6, after having worked right up to the time of his death on his small plantation in spite of his ripe old age of 90.

Manuel Silva lived in Samoa through stirring times and witnessed many changes. His father, a Portuguese sailor on a whaler which called at Falealili on the South Coast of Upolu during the 40’s of last century, jumped his ship and went to the village of Lotofaga, where he married a Samoan girl, the daughter of a local chief. Of this marriage, Manuel Silva was bom.

WITH GODEFFROY AND CO.

As a boy, Silva went to Apia and obtained work with the German firm of Godeffroy &' Co. (Hamburg), which started business in Apia in 1854 and which subsequently had widespread activities throughout the South Seas. As a sailor on Godeffroys barkentines, he roamed not only through every corner of the Pacific but all over the world.

The year of the Franco-Prussian War (1870) found Silva in Hamburg. The same year, Godeffroys went bankrupt and was taken over by the D.H. & P.G. (the “long handle firm”) and he continued to work for these people in Apia, in charge of a labour gang. Thqugh he went on board the company’s ship only occasionally, he served as guide, pilot, and interpreter during the visit of German warships in the 70’s to places round the Samoan Islands.

During the disastrous hurricane on March 16, 1889, Silva was in charge of the small cutter “Vailele” in Apia Harbour. By cutting her mast, his ship was the only one which rode out the hurricane. In spite of the danger to himself and the ship, Silva succeeded in saving 10 American and German sailors drifting past the “Vailele”. His brave and courageous deed was publicly acknowledged, and he was thanked by both the American and German admirals.

For over 50 years, until the time of the world war, Manuel Silva continued to work for the D.H. and P.G. as overseer and in various other capacities. He left the service of the firm (which had been taken over by the New Zealand Government) in 1926. Since then, the old man worked quietly on his small place and seldom appeared in public.

The present generation had forgotten his existence, but “old-timers” well remembered that Manuel Silva had once played an important part in Samoa’s chequered history.

Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Protheroe, of Haapai, Tonga, recently celebrated their Silver Wedding (1913-1938). A dance in their honour was attended by 200 guests, including the Governor of Haapai, Hon. Tuihateiho. Mr. Protheroe is a member of the staff of Messrs.

Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd.

Mr. and Mrs. Lindon H. L. Osborn, arrived in New Zealand by the February “Niagara” from Fiji to spend their honeymoon in Auckland and, later, in Australia. The bride was formerly Miss Lorna Irene Edwards, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. Edwards, of Suva. The bridegroom is a New Zealander. 35 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 198 8,

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SEVEN TOURIST BOATS FOR FIJI.

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 1.

SUVA is to have a large number of visits from tourist vessels this year, these including the 42,300 tons liner “Empress of Britain”, which will be the largest liner ever to visit Suva.

Th,e dates of their arrival are:— “Strathaird” April 9-10.

“Empress of Britain’’ April 18.

“Katoomba” April 19-20.

“Reliance” April 21.

“Franconia” May 2.

“Strathmore” July 30-31.

“Maunganui” August 12-13.

It is interesting to note that on five days running in April there will be large passenger liners in port, for the “Niagara” north-bound will arrive on April 22. , aggregate almost 85,000 tons of shipping for th,e five days.

Rt. ev * J* Darnand, Bishop of Western Samoa, arrived in Auckland by the February “Matua” to attend the N Z Roman Catholic Church centenary celebrations. He will return to Apia in April. i, , . . who spent 13 years in Tonga as principal of the Methodist Mission’s Tubou College before retiring in 1936, has been appointed head of the Methodist Ladies’ College, Melbourne.

Since last year, he has been minister of Wesley Church, Concord, Sydney.

To Live In The

SOLOMONS.

Mr. william s. paton (h.d.a.) and his bride (nee Doreen Shipway) sailed from Sydney by the February “Malaita” to make their home in the British Solomon Islands, where the bridegroom has spent many years.

Their marriage was solemnised at St. John’s Church, Raymond Terrace (N.S.W.), on January 29, by Rev. R.

Rupp.

The elder daughter of Sergeant and Mrs. A. E. Shipway, the bride wore a beautiful gown of cobweb lace over satin, the long train being cut in one with the skirt. The design featured a long neckline with Peter Pan collar and long tight sleeves, and the frock was trimmed with tiny satin buttons and a corsage of orange blossom. The long embroidered veil, mounted on tulle, fell from a tiara of orange blossom. A glorious bouquet of frangipanni trailing to the hem of the skirt completed a beautiful setting.

Major Clive B. Joske, who was one of Fiji’s representatives at the Coronation last year, is expected to return to Suva from England in May.

Mr. and Mrs. R. V. Oldham, accompanied by their infant, arrived in Sydney from Port Moresby, Papua, by the February “Maetsuycker”.

Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Paton. 36 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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FOUND BY PLANE.

Four Tahiti Residents Marooned On Tetiaroa.

From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 25.

TO be marooned on a desert island, there to lead a Robinson Crusoe existence for an indefinite time was the fate which threatened four of Tahiti’s leading citizens last month.

Aboard the twin-screw motor boat “Teuira”, they set out from Papeete on an expedition to Tetiaroa (an atoll 26 miles north of Tahiti). They arrived safely and anchored their boat on the lee side of the island.

As often happens in these waters, the wind suddenly shifted and stirred up a heavy sea on the side of the island where the boat was stationed. The anchor cable parted and the boat was cast on to the reef, breaking the rudder, and twisting one of the propellers so badly that it was useless. The keel also was damaged.

Fortunately, they had with them a goodly supply of food; but there was no way to communicate with Tahiti to tell of their plight.

Meanwhile, relatives and friends at Papeete became anxious. They had visions of the boat’s engines having failed at sea and of the “Teuira” and her passengers floating with the currents to those desert waters of the ocean which lie all about these islands outside the usual lines of traffic.

An aeroplane was despatched and, happily, discerned the four safe on Tetiaroa, struggling to refloat their vessel and to navigate her home with the one engine and propeller yet undamaged. The ’plane returned to Papeete with the news, and the schooner “Maria Stella” was sent to bring back the “Teuira” and her passengers.

A large proportion of the population of Papeete was at the quay to welcome and congratulate the shipwrecked company on their fortunate and speedy rescue.

Death Of Former Tongan

JUDGE.

From Our Own Correspondent.

NUKUALOFA, Feb. 15.

THE death of Mr. George Scott, a wellknown figure in Tonga, occurred on February 5 at his home at Fogoloa.

At the end of last year Mr. Scott went? to New Zealand for an operation, and the doctors gave him only a few months to live. He returned to Nukualofa to spend his remaining days in Tonga, which he regarded as his real home.

A Tasmanian, Mr. Scott came to Tonga as a youth, with Captain Ross in t?he “Ysaber. He held many important posts in the Tongan Government, on numerous occasions having been Acting Chief Justice. On his retirement from the service in 1931, he was Judge of the Land Court. Being of a kind and sympathetic nature, Mr. Scott loved gnd was dearly loved by the Tongan people.

Fiji'S Share In Carnegie

FUND FOR 1938.

THE Secretary of State for the Colonies, London, advises that portion of the fund granted by the Carnegie Corporation of New York to enable selected Colonial Service officers to undertake special courses of study has been allocated to Fiji for the study of leprosy. Dr, C. J. Austin, Medical Superintendent of the Central Leper Station, Makogai, will carry out this year a comprehensive survey of leper institutions in Egypt, India, Malaya, and the Philippine Islands, and make a thorough study of their methods.

Von Luckner Reaches

NEW ZEALAND.

Count Felix Von Luckner And

his wife arrived in New Zealand from Western Samoa at the end of February, in their yacht “See Teufel”.

They will later visit Australia.

At Apia, Master Jim Hufnagel- Betham, 13-years-old son of Mr. and Mrs. K. Hufnagel-Betham, of Sugafou, was signed on as a member of the crew for the voyage to N.Z. He left the ship in Auckland, and will remain in the Dominion to be educated. 37 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Prom Our Own Correspondent.

HONOLULU, Feb. 27.

SOME South Seas islands may shortly see an American social security programme in operation.

Elder George A. Smith, of the Church of Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, passed through Honolulu on the “Mariposa” for Australia and New Zealand. He will visit Tonga, Samoa, Tahiti, and the Tuamotus to teach his church’s parishioners the rudiments of the plan which has proved so successful in Salt Lake City.

Said Mr. Smith in explaining his programme: “Foods are stored in the bountiful months and drawn upon in the lean periods. Everybody joins what is more or less a community effort which involves improvement and maintenance of homes, etc. We do not anticipate that the security programme vfrill be necessary in many of the Pacific centres, as the South Seas people usually are self-sufficient; however, in places where it is necessary, relief work will be undertaken”.

Tonga’S First

BOOK.

On Show at Sydney Exhibition.

NOT the least interesting among the exhibits in a memorable collection now on display at the Mitchell Library, Sydney, in honour of the 150th Anniversary Celebrations, is the first book printed in the Tongan language. It is “First Lessons in the Language of Tongataboo, to which are Added a Prayer and Several Hymns”. The author was Rev.

Nathaniel Turner, and it was published in Sydney in 1828 by Robert Howe (Government Printer).

It is one of the most perfectly preserved examples in a collection which cannot be estimated in terms of pounds, shillings, and pence. A glance in any one of the cases is enough to make a South Seas bibliophile’s mouth water.

No visitor from the Islands interested in early Pacific history should miss it.

This little book, which is extremely rare, was purchased last year in London for the trustees. It would be interesting to know if any copies still exist in Tonga.

The Library is also fortunate in possessing Turner’s “Personal Narrative” in manuscript. It was written when the missionary was almost 61 years old, and commenced in October. 1853, when he was on his way to re-visit N.Z., Tonga, and Fiji on deputation work. The first pages were commenced soon after he left Sydney that month, in the little missionary vessel “John Wesley”. This account supplies interesting particulars concerning tne origin of “First Lessons in the Language of Tongataboo”.

The “Personal Narrative” contains the alphabet as it was prepared after much thought for tfie first book. Turner acknowledges his indebtedness at the outset to Mariner’s vocabulary. Prior to Turner’s arrival instruction had been given by a Tahitian named Hape. But the Tahitian was homesick for his own island, and, as Turner says: “I did this by the first opportunity”.

TAHITIAN TEACHER IN TONGA.

Hape had instructed the Tongans in a Nukualofa building capable of seating 250, which had been erected by the chief, Tubou. A number of the natives had actually been taught to read Tahitian.

This link with Tahiti is interesting.

The Tongans, as a matter of fact have .knowledge of even earlier associations with the island. One of the aspects of Tongan history in which Crown Prince Tuboutoa is particularly interested is the old people to whom the Tongans referred as the “Kahiki”. Mention of them is made in more than one legend preserved to this day.

But to resume with Turner’s story. It was essential, he at once realised, to make himself acquainted with the Tongan tongue. He already had a working knowledge qLr Maori, and that proved most useful: “i£s soon as I had. my family domiciled to in earnest to study the language as th,e matter of first? importance to our success. By the aid of Mariner’s vocabulary I had learned while on board ship when sailing to those sunny islands a few sentences which enabled me to ask questions on common subjects. . . .

“I commenced my work by asking questions as best I could, and when my ques- 38 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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A TONGAN HELPER.

Vi. a Tongan, who was later baptised as Pita, proved of much assistance.

Then, at the first district meeting held in Tonga, about 10 weeks after his arrival, Turner was able to submit the draft for his book on the Tongan language. It was unanimously adopted.

“And the characters then fixed have continued in use to this day without one single alteration”, wrote Turner in 1853.

However, at a later date Rev. Shirley W. Baker attempted certain innovations, When giving the Tongan alphabet of 17 letters, he observed: “Any person making himself familiar with the Tongan alphabet as already given will not find much difficulty in pronouncing correctly any Tongan names or words that occur”.

At a second meeting in 1827 it was decided to forward the manuscript to Sydney for publication.

But until the little books arrived from Sydney the missionaries were much perplexed as to how they could distribute Scripture lessons among the eager Tongans. Most opportunely, a trading vessel from Hawaii, on her way to Fiji and New Hebrides, put into Nukualofa. The captain was short of trade goods, and was willing to exchange “anything iie had on board”. Turner noticed some China paper of the best quality. In return the missionaries gave some “rough Sydney hatchets”, which the Tongans would not look at.

Lessons were carefully written out by the natives and the leaves sewn together.

A Maori boy whom Turner had brought with him from Whangaroa (N.Z.) was most useful in this work. The copies were then distributed, and so the first lending library in Tonga came into existence.

In subsequent years Turner returned to New Zealand to extricate the mission there from the mess into which it had been landed by Rev. William White. He served, too, in Australia and finally ended his days in Queensland. He had a notable record as a missionary, was universally beloved wherever he went, and in compiling the historic little booklet undoubtedly performed a most useful service to Tonga.

ERIC RAMSDEN.

GERMAN SCHOOL IN SAMOA.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Mar. 3.

A SMALL German school was opened at Vaimea, Apia, in February, under Mr. P. Hessmann, of Hamburg.

The last German school was closed at the beginning of the world war, in 1914, after an existence of 21 years.

Mr. W. R. Graham, manager of Messrs. Burns Philp (S.S.) Co., Ltd.’s establishment at Nukualofa, Tonga, arrived in New Zealand with his wife by the February “Matua”.

Rev. Father Doyle, of the Roman Catholic Mission at Thursday Island, has been transferred to Downlands College, Toowoomba, South Queensland.

Monsieur C. Gueneau, a director of the Societe Le Nickel, France, paid a business visit to New Caledonia in February.

AN HONOUR WELL DESERVED.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, Feb. 14.

COOK ISLANDS residents were jubilant at the award of 0.8. E. to Dr. E, P. Ellison, Chief Medical Officer of the Group. It is an honour well deserved for during the last 19 years he has given invaluable service in the combating of tropical diseases in various Islands groups.

With the help of Mrs. Ellison, he organised the Rarotonga Child Welfare Association, and brought it to a high state of proficiency, thereby decreasing by a large percentage the death rate of infants and assuring a healthy future race. Another of his self-acquired responsibilities is the new Leper Settlement on the island of Penrhyn, and one more that he hopes will materialise in the near future is a T.B. Sanatorium on Rarotonga.

Rev. Guy Darke, formerly of St.

Paul’s Mission, Moa Island, Torres Strait, has taken charge of the parish of Sarina, North Queensland.

Dr. May, previously at Samarai, has been appointed Medical Officer at Misima Island, South-eastern Papua. 39 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Pitcairn Calling!

American Plan to Set Up a Broadcasting Station.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

HONOLULU, Feb. 23.

AS a stunt for the great networks of radio broadcasting stations in America, two U.S. radio engineers, L.

S. Bellem, Jr., and Granville P. Lindley, are to set sail shortly for Pitcairn Island and there install a temporary radio broadcast station, sponsored by a group of American radio manufacturers.

Broadcasts from the island are to begin at the end of March.

Since the publication of the fictionised books of Pitcairn adventure by Nordhoff and Hall, the American novelists who live in Tahiti, great interest has been aroused in U.S.A. in Britain’s lonely island and its unusual colony.

Dr. Harry L. Shapiro, who surveyed certain aspects of the Pitchimers under the auspices of the Bishop Museum, Hawaii, in the last issue of the magazine of the American Museum of Natural History related unusual facts about .the present day inhabitants.

The genetic result of the mutiny of the “Bounty” 150 years ago is a new type of man, physically superior in all but his teeth. He defies some popular beliefs about half-castes and in-breeding.

The first result was an almost “explosive flowering of civilisation”. The hybrid mixture almost immediately was bigger and taller. It averaged three inches taller than the white man, two and half inches over the Tahitian.

Fertility reached the human peak of 9.1 offspring to each mating of the second generation, but this prolific flowering fell off so that to-day it averages to only three per family. Stature has decreased, too, but not back to that of the original ancestry.

The white man bequeathed his teeth to them. The perfect teeth of the Tahitian mothers were lost. Pitcairners, Dr. Shapiro found, have worse teeth than the average civilised white man, and this may be due to lack of scientific aids. Records show that some of the mutineers had bad teeth.

In colour, the Pitcairners vary from half white to almost pure white. In culture these lonely people adopted 12 English living customs, 17 native, and developed eight that were inspired by a new environment where tools and materials were different.

Mr. H. S. Russell has been appointed Collector of Customs at Samarai, Papua.

Ratu Deve Toganivalu, 1.5.0., has resigned from the Fiji Legislative Council.

Dr. Rutter, of New Zealand, and two nurses, Cwill shortly join Sister Edna White, of the N.Z. Methodist Mission in the Solomon Islands, to assist in the Society’s medical work in 8.5.1.

Mr. S. Roberts, N.Z. Public Service Inspector, returned to New Zealand by the March “Maui Pomare”, after an official visit to Samoa. He was accompanied by Mrs. Roberts. 40 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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JAPANESE IN NEW CALEDONIA.

A PERSON described as “an Australian journalist”, on arriving in Sydney in February from Noumea, made to the newspapers the amazing statement that there are now 6,000 Japanese in New Caledonia.

This was promptly and emphatically contradicted by Monsieur L. Reverce, President du Conseil General de Noumea, who is at present in Sydney. He said that actually the number of Japanese in New Caledonia at th,e taking of the census in 1936 was 1,420. This included not only Japanese, but European and other women whom they had married, and their children, who, under French law, take the nationality of the male parent.

Since then the number of Japanese in N.C. has decreased. The reason for this is chiefly the immigration law, which prevents non-Europeans settling in New Caledonia by prohibiting their residence there for more than three years. Foreigners may not land at Noumea without depositing a bond, sufficient to cover their return passage to their native land. The majority of Japanese at present in Noumea are employed in the mines. A fair number are also in commerce and market gardening.

The majority of the labour in New Caledonia is Tonkinese and Javanese, who are indentured on five-year agreements.

Tahitian Drowned In

PIERRE LOTI'S POOL.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Feb. 25.

ASAD drowning accident occurred recently at Loti’s Pool, in Fautaua Valley.

Loti’s Pool, made famous by the distinguished French author, is about three kilometres from Papeete. It is a favourite resort for merry picnic parties on Sundays and holidays, and the surrounding terrain has been made into a charming park.

One of these happy, laughing companies were swimming and diving in the waters of the pool when it was discerned that one of their number—a young Tahitian—was missing. Search in the depths revealed that he had dived into a deep hole at the bottom, had become caught under overhanging rocks and had drowned.

"Tin-Can Mailman" In

SYDNEY.

MR. C. S. RAMSAY, of Tonga, originator of the famous ‘‘tin-can mail”, by which letters from Niuafoou Island were taken by swimmers to liners off-shore, arrived in Sydney in February by the “Niagara”.

Mr. Ramsay inaugurated the scheme which was the only one of its kind in the world, in 1921, when he was employed on Niuafoou by Morris, Hedstrom Fty. Limited. He maintained it for ten years, when the death of a native who was attacked by a shark put an end to it. During this period Mr. Ramsay swam out with letters 112 times.

Prospecting In

DUTCH NEW GUINEA.

Possibility Of A Dredging Scheme.

THE gold prospecting expedition sent out to Dutch New Guinea by the Netherlands New Guinea Mining Company (holders of the gold-seeking monopoly in D.N.G.) h,as returned to Batavia, after an absence of nine months .

It is reported that gold was discovered in the Lorentz River (south-west coast), but that it was patchy. Better results were obtained in the Eilander River, in the same district, and there are possibilities for a dredging scheme there.

The expedition arrived in Dutch New Guinea by the chartered K.P.M. vessel “Kampar” (600 tons) in April. 1937. It was under the command of Captain Becking, formerly in charge of the Government camp for exiled Communists on the Digoel River, D.N.G., and it included geologists, mining engineers, radio experts, and 40 soldiers.

Included in the expedition were 80 Dayaks (natives from the island of Borneo.

Dutch East Indies), who acted as carriers on the rivers and in the jungle. For the river transport of stores, the Dayaks had a number of their native proas.

The “Kampar” went up the Lorentz River (which has its source in the Nasseau Mountains) for about 65 miles At Bivouac Island the first depot was made in no time, this island was turned into a small township.

After getting things into order at the depot, the expedition proceeded up the river by motor boat, towing the native boats, which are capable of loading two tons of stores, besides the rowers and soldiers for escort. At the end of four days’ travelling, the motor boats could go no further on account of the rapids. The final portion of the trek took another four davs per native proas.

One of the first objects of the expedition was to discover a lake called the “Violet Lake” where, it was purported, two years ago an American flier discovered gold in nuggets in sufficient quantity to warrant forming this expedition.

This lake was not found, and it is suspected that its location was reported incorrectly.

Owing to heavy rains and the snow melting on the mountains, the tributaries and the low lying flats of the Lorentz River became flooded in July. The flood waters spread over an enormous area, owing to the strong winds and tides banking the water at the river mouth. At Bivouac, the flood rose two metres above the island, causing extensive damage to stores, gear, etc., belonging to the expedition.

The personnel in charge of the depot had to live on hastily-constructed rafts for more than six weeks.

Gradually the flood waters, subsided and in the middle of August it was decided, partly on account of the floods, and partly on account of the prospecting parties having worked over towards the head of the Reiger River (a tributary of the Lorentz), to move the depot to a point nearer the place of operations. The Reiger River is navigable for about 20 miles above its junction with the Lorentz, and as its upper portion has fewer rapids, the transport problem was easier than when the previous base was established.

Later, the gold-seeking parties explored and tested the Eilander River, with the results already mentioned. 41 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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FIJI.

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The Co. has just produced its annual issue of the “Chivers’ Magazine’’, a bright and entertaining illustrated 32-page journal. South Seas readers may obtain a copy by writing to Messrs. Chivers and Sons Ltd., Histon, Cambridge, England.—• Mr. C. V. Caldwell, District Commissioner at Labasa, Fiji, is at present on long furlough.

BUSY WAU BAKERY.

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, Feb. 23.

THE Morobe Bakery continues to grow and its activity never seems to stop.

So brisk is the demand, native issue biscuits are delivered as soon as packed.

A new baker arrived last month and so urgently were his services required that he flew from Port Moresby. A night shift is being mooted to cope with the flow o£ orders.

Mr. and Mrs. J. Chapman, of Navua, Fiji, reached Sydney by the February “Niagara”. They were accompanied by their two children.

PAPUAN BIRDS.

Valuable Collection For The London Zoo.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Feb. 20.

MR. F. SHAW MAYER, a well-known ornithologist who has paid several previous visits to Papua, the Mandated Territory, and Dutch New Guinea, left by the “Swartenhondt” on February 3, with a large and valuable collection of Papuan birds for the London Zoo.

A fawn, blue-eyed Raven was perhaps the most noticeable; but among the Birds of Paradise the Princess Stephanie and one known as the Lesser Superb were the most remarkable. Their brilliant turquoise blue and bright green markings contrasted with the bright orange plummage of the better-known Raggiana.

Mr. Mayer hoped during his visit to secure a number of the crested pigeon commonly known as th,e Goura, but his time was limited. The Goura vary as to size and head crest in different parts of the mainland, those to the north having heavier white markings on their crest's than those to the north-west, in Dutch, New Guinea. To the south of Papua, these flecks seem absent.

Mr. Mayer hopes to reach England via Singapore without loss to his collection.

The difficulty of bringing these beautiful birds down from high altitudes to the coast, and later by small schooner to Port?

Moresby without mishap required Mr.

Mayer’s constant and undivided attention.

They all left in good condition, in spite of the heat and their unaccustomed surroundings.

Rarotonga Prepares For

HURRICANES.

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, Feb. 16.

APPREHENSION of another hurricane, such as the disastrous one in 1935, when over £60,000 damage was done, was evident here last month when for a week there were gale force winds and a falling glass. The air was hot and close, and the sky had the same hazy leaden appearance.

Dr. E. P. Ellison, Deputy Resident Commissioner, hurriedly called a public meeting. The position was fully discussed and a comprehensive emergency scheme drawn up. Luckily, after a few days of rough seas and high winds, the storm passed away.

BOUND FOR TAHITI.

From Our Own Correspondent.

HONOLULU, Feb. 16.

ANOTHER __ wandering boat for the people of the Marquesas and Tahitian isles to watch for will be the 34-foot ketch “Moaia”, of Los Angeles.

Her youthful owner is Darwin M. Wolf, who sailed in her to Hawaii with three companions, Jack Noble, Ralph Granrud and x Tom Nordman.

This is Wolf’s first deep-water adventure. He is now resting in Honolulu before tackling the journey to the southeastern islands.

Mr. Campbell Hughston, of Bulolo, New Guinea, married Miss Edith H.

Moore, of Camberwell, Victoria, at Wau, early in February. 42 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8,

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Tongans Do Homage To Their

Crown Prince

Elaborate "Bogibogi" Ceremony Performed at Nukualofa.

From Our Own Correspondent.

NUKUALOFA, Peb. 21.

THE Bogibogi —Ceremony of Recognition and Homage—in connection with the bestowal of the title Tubouto’a on Crown Prince George Taufa’ahau Touboulahi as one of the highest nobles of the Kingdom was recently held at Bagai, the official ceremonial ground of the Tu’i Kanokubolu, which adjoins the Palace Compound.

The procession to the “Bogibogi” was led by 20 maidens of chiefly descent each bearing a platter containing a flower garland of some special name. Next came a number of men bearing a gigantic threesided shield made up of hundreds of flower garlands and girdles. These were followed by another group bearing a huge roll of tapa, 500 yards in length. Then came Crown Prince Tubouto’a and the Matabule, followed by his retainers—people living on his estates.

The Kava Ceremony occupied two hours and was presided over by Queen Salote.

The Prince was officially recognised as Tubouto’a and his position in respect of the Kava Ring was confirmed when he drank a bowl of kava in his new name.

According to the rules governing the Ceremony of the Tu’i Kanokubolu, the Crown Prince’s position is not in the Kava Ring, but* like those of the other high chiefs, Tugi, Ulukalala, and Kalaniuvalu, it is outside, close to the Tou’a (the position of the large wooden “kumete” in which the kava is prepared). Tubouto’a and these three chiefs form the Kavahobos—that is, they are entitled to the privilege of having their kava bowls taken out of the Kava Ring, which is one of the strictest tabus observed in the Tu’i Kanokubolu’s Kava Ceremony. A breach of this in the olden days was punished by the offender being clubbed to death.

The Kava Ring was composed of 150 Chiefs and Matabules (Masters of Ceremony) from the whole of the Group. The Ceremony was unique in that three “kumetes” (bowls) were used in which the three distinct methods of kava making peculiar to the three lines of Tongan Kings (Tu’i Toga, Tu’i Ha’atakalaua, and Tu’i Kanokubolu) were performed by two men and a woman. This was the most picturesque item of the whole festival. The straining of the kava roots was accompanied by graceful, elaborate movements of the hands, and the contrast between the three methods was marked, each having a beauty of its own.

After the Kava Ceremony came the presentation of food. This was Tuboute’a’s Crown Prince Tubouto’a (centre) awaiting his call during the Kava Ceremony.

Photo.: Hettig. 43 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

painting with ~ means wmm painting to STAY painted / 45*. ftP Paint (PREPARED) J{eejjs on JCeepmq oihf AGENTS THROUGHOUT THE ISLANDS. mark of homage and allegiance to the Sovereign, and is a relic of the old custom of the “Inasi” (presentation of the first fruit of the land to the Tu’i Toga).

There were 488 pigs of various sizes presented and divided up among the various chiefs and clans, each of whom was entitled to a share.

A great entertainment followed, consisting of Tongan dances, viz., lakalaka, ma’ulu’ulu, kailao, ’itolto, done by villages and islands in honour of the Prince, and lasting until well on into the night, thus bringing to a conclusion the events of a memorable day.

Mrs. J. Metcalfe, of Bellevue Hill, left Sydney during the month by the “Morinda” for Norfolk Island, where she will live with her daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Welsh, for 12 months.

The "Mystery Stone"

OF TAHITI.

By W. W. Bolton, M.A.

A SHORT hour’s stroll from Papeete’s market-place, up the Tipaerui Valley with finally a rocky ascent on its south-western side, a mountain stream is met with which has gouged out for itself a narrow but deep course to the sea.

When the heavy rains descend, the stream becomes a torrent eating into the high banks and in places overflowing.

Here, leaning slantingly against its western bank, there is, and has been so far as native memory goes back, a petroglyph stone (or boulder) marked with mystic carving. There is no other large similar stone thus marked upon the island of Tahiti. Who placed it, if not Nature, where it stands and who wrought it are mysteries which white folk and natives —though they have their usual “tradition”—have long sought to know.

Scientists have studied it and have been forced to leave the mystery unsolved. both as to its antiquity and real interpretation. As to Tahitian lore thereon. Mr. A. K. Richer many years back secured the following explanation from Monsieur Buillard on whose family property it stands, all of whom regard it with veneration and have refused all offers to part with it, either into the care of the local Museum, much less to Museums in far-off countries that have sought its purchase. There it is and there it is to remain, lest ill-fortune follow its removal (unless Authority steps in).

The rock was carved in memory of Tetaurii Vahine (Tetaurii’s wife) and her twin children, so the Tahitian story goes.

Tetaurii, defeated, took refuge in Tipaerui Valley. His wife there gave birth to twins and soon after all three died. They were buried on the land of Oteoteroa close to the brook: and a spirit in the form of a monster eel gives them constant protection. If one touches the rock, milk will flow along the grooves and the offender will die.

Mr. Kenneth P. Emory, of the Bishop Museum staff, Hawaii, on one of his several visits to Tahiti, a dozen years ago, visited and carefully examined the stone and contributed a long and valuable article thereon to the Societe des Etudes Oceaniennes, which appeared in the Bulletin (No. XI.) of the Society issued in February, 1926, from which the following excerpts are taken with, the hope of not only giving this remarkable Memorial of the Past a wider publicity, but also of bringing it to the notice of those among the readers of the “P.1.M.” who are qualified by their scientific training to do so, to try their hand as others have done in solving the weird carving.

Mr. Emory after quoting the above “tradition” adds: “There is the sinuous line which may represent an eel over the left head of the ‘twins’. It is so obscure I doubt if it would be noticed unless one gave the carving very careful study.

Therefore I doubt if the eel element would be included in a story made-up to-day to Jlt the carving. Yet the carving is so highly conventional and symbolic that I feel sure it had more meaning, if not another meaning”.

In a description of the stone he writes: “The boulder presents a flat, smooth, water-worn surface 181 centimetres long and 119 centimetres vide which is almost entirely filled by the most conspicuous carving. During heavy rains the brook 44 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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floods this rock but as yet the grooves of the carvings have been only slightly obliterated except for the linear figure or figures on the east and most exposed side. . . The width of the double-headed figure from elbow to elbow is 80 centimetres. The width of the grooves from 4 to 5 centimetres. . . That they are conventionalised human figures falling at once into general accord with Hawaiian and Marquesan petroglyphs there can be little doubt”.

“At first sight”, he continues, “the large central figure appears to consist of two human figures back to back and a symbol pendant between them. But in Hawaii and Marquesas the human figure carved in outline is always represented face on, not in profile... I believe that the large double-headed figure is that of a being face on with two heads. It should be observed that th,e left head is centrally located between the upraised arms. . . . It is my guess because of the frequent representation of human figures back to back, or double-faced as seen in small Marquesan stone images and the Easter Island staffs that the concept of a double figure or figure with a double face, each face looking in an opposite direction was in the mind of this artist but he was at a loss how to indicate it in any other way by placing the back face to the side of the front face”.

Dealing with, the petroglyphs to be seen on Porapora, on Raiatea and on Huahine, he says: “These petroglyphs of the Leeward Islands of the Society Group which I have seen are geometric or fish, turtle and canoe figures”. Then referring to the carvings of human figures on a boulder on Hivaoa Island, in the Marquesas, and quoting the archeologist Linton, he notes: “The Marquesan boulder is located very similarly at the side of a brook-bed of a side valley and about three kilometres from the sea. It is domed shaped; the carvings about a dozen human forms and some unindentifiable forms are on the upstream and on top”.

He ends upon the note: “The original home of this particular art is still a mystery”. Will it and the carvings of the Marquesan and Tipaerui boulders ever be known? Qne hopes so.

Patrol Vessels In Dutch

NEW GUINEA.

FOUR police-cruisers for patrolling the coast and surrounding islands of Dutch New Guinea have arrived at their base-stations, Seroei (on Japan Island in Geelvink Bay) and Hollandia (on the north coast of the mainland near the border).

Two of the vessels, the “Bogor” and the “Bantam”, arrived in January. Th,e other two came out from Holland in February.

Mr. Alan Villiers, the Australian writer and former owner-master of the little full-rigged barque “Joseph Conrad” which cruised through the Pacific in 1936, expects to reach Australia from U.S.A. in May to make a lecture tour describing the “Conrad’s” voyage. It is reported that “he hopes to earn enough money by his Australian lectures to finance an expedition to the South Sea Islands”.

Mr. L. F. Conde, of Burns, Fhilp and Co., reached Australia on furlough by the March, “Macdhui”, from Salamaua.

The Petroglyph boulder in Tipaerui Valley. 45 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 S.

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Survey of Present-day Conditions at Rabaul.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Feb. 27.

OLD residents returning to Rabaul nowadays, as they glance about from the steamer, invariably remark on the phenomenal change for the better which has taken place. Later, as they traverse the tree-lined avenues, they marvel at th,e manner in which lawns have succeeded large mud plains of a few months ago; how hedges have grown up, and trees have shot out fresh foliage.

The restoration of the Garden Town of Rabaul is truly remarkable, and it is the common belief that the volcanic dust and ash, which covered the town and tore down each vestige of greenery on the Black Saturday and Sunday in May, contained certain fertilising elements. At any rate, hibiscus and other bushes have grown to greater heights and blossomed more profusely than in th,e pre-eruption days.

The harbour is now quite clear of pumice—the nor’-west wind has seen to that. Vulcan—the new crater —stands an ominous-looking mass of spewed-out volcanic dust. It is an ugly sight, but quiescent. Only occasionally does one see a curl of dark-brown smoke rise upwards, and that is usually after rain.

Matupi crater, on the other hand, continually sends up a large white cloud of steam; and at times numerous fumaroles along tiie foreshore of the crater are active. That is the extent of the outward reminder of the eruption; unless, of course, one includes the stupendous task of drainage, which has torn up certain streets in order to carry away the storm waters from the surrounding hills. Many of these drains are not yet completed, and it would seem now that much of the preparation for dealing with the flood-waters will be unnecessary as rain-water is already soaking into the ground on the hillsides, as the grass and bushes push themselves up through the mud-covered ground, which was previously impervious to rain, and allowed of no soakage whatsoever.

Rain-storms have occurred during the past few months in which two to three inches have been registered for the 24 hours, with little or no damage havingbeen recorded.

The work of removing all the heaps of mud, accumulated from gardens, has not yet been completed, and gangs of “boys” are kept busy loading motor lorries and mechanical loaders.

Social life moves along much the same as before, though the absence of a number of the married women from the town is marked by a decrease in bridge and cocktail parties. But at dances, held regularly at Clubs and hotels, there is still a goodly number of the fair sex, attired in latest fashions.

A sign of the small decrease in the population is the absence of any vacant houses. Bungalows are at a premium; though this, it is said, will be altered considerably when the administrative centre has been removed to its new site.

The health of the residents generally appears to be good. Namanula hpspital has held few patients during the past month or so. There is, however, a feeling of uneasiness amongst’ a certain section of the residents, especially following any earth tremor.

The last report of the local vulcanologist (Mr. Fisher) will give some idea of the situation from a scientific angle. The report was issued early in February: The temperatures generally in Sulphur Creek are normal. Tide plays a big part in affecting the temperature in that the best readings are obtained when the tide is low and the water calm.

Tavurvur Creek, if anything, appeared to have less water than usual, but the amount of steam rising from the fumaroles seemed to be about the same. On the outer-side of the north-western lip of the crater there has been a small landslide and there is every indication that there will be more. This seems to be due to the fact that mud flows have generally softened the gravel mass and tended to make the grade very steep.

The blow-hole on the south-western side has dried up and there are only several small Assures on the eastern and southern inner walls.

Above the fumarole mounds on the eastern side of Matupi Bay, several small areas have fallen a few feet, due possibly to the process of contraction as well as rainwater soakage, because at the spots referred to the main channels for rainwater have ended abruptly.

The slopes of Vulcan, more so on the eastern side, have become rougher, the solid stones and pumice bombs are more exposed and the loose Ane soil has been washed down to the foreshore. The western portion of Vulcan area has had an abundance of rain. The western slopes are a trifle muddy and there is a small quantity of water in the centre bottom of the crater.

On the northern and a little on the eastern, several small landslides have occurred, covering a few of the small vents and in one place there is a small pool of boiling water.

Mr. C. G. F. Cartwright, of Ocean Island, Central Pacific, arrived in New Zealand by the February “Triaster”. He is attached to the Administration staff. 46 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Escapades of an Australian Sailor in Samoa.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Feb. 22.

AN Australian sailor from the Swedish steamer “Roxen” has just shown Apia that the old, old saw of love laughing at locksmiths can still apply, even in these modern times.

The young sailor, Clifford Wiles, wanted to marry a Samoan girl, so he deserted his ship a few days before her departure. Arrested by the police, he was taken on board an hour before the sailing time. Shortly after the “Roxen” had steamed out of the harbour it was discovered that he had again disappeared, having jumped overboard and swum ashore. The vessel continued her voyage. The following day Wiles was arrested in Apia, and charged in Court with being a prohibited immigrant.

He was remanded in custody of the police to be deported by the next vessel.

A couple of days afterwards, while walking in the prison compound at Vaimea, Wiles scaled a 12-ft. wall. He escaped, in spite of shots fired after him by the gaoler, Mr. A. McMillan.

His freedom was short lived, however. On February 8 he was arrested by Constable Sullins, and after a few more days in custody was sent to Pago Pago to be placed on board the “Mariposa” bound for Australia.

Rev. N. Gowing, who has been in charge of the Torres Strait Mission for some time, has returned to Australia.

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From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, Feb. 26.

ALTHOUGH European residents in the Cook Islands admit that they are lightly taxed, they are up in arms about the radio licence fee. The annual fee is 30/-, in return for which, they say, they get nothing.

It is almost an impossibility to tune into any New Zealand station while there are so many powerful American stations on the air. Even if it were possible, few Islands listeners would do so—they prefer the programmes from the United States.

There have been many individual protests, but no satisfaction has been received from either the local Administration or the N.Z. Government, New Zealand’s other foster child, Samoa, has an annual fee of only 5/-.

The Samoan people say that even this is too much when nothing is given in return.

Young Papuans on the platform of a native house, used for storing food.

Photo.: Methodist Mission. 47 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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The Nono Tree

BY GEORGE BOWLES, OF PAEA, TAHITI.

ONE day I noticed a small tree in the corner of my garden. I had not observed the tree before, because it was hidden behind the great trunk of a breadfruit. It attracted my attention because a peculiar, cream-coloured, globular object, with numerous little brown eyes, was nestled in the crutch of one of the branches.

I plucked this curiosity and was examining it when a neighbour dropped in; a man versed in botanical knowledge. When he saw what I had in my hand he almost shrieked: “Drop it; it’s deadly poison; that’s morinda citrifolia”!

He expatiated for some time upon the sinister fruit and went his way. Then I walked over to Jim Dexter’s.

Jim and I live on the island of Tahiti.

He is a retired pearl-diver, whom age has driven from the depths of the sea to the more agreeable elevations of his own plantation.

Jim was sitting on his verandah overlooking the lagoon and Sophie, his wife, was sitting nearby, making baby clothes for their eleventh grandchild, when I walked in and exhibited the blond potato with the brown freckles.

“What’s this poisonous thing, Jim?”

I asked.

“Poisonous!”' sneered Jim. “That is one of the grandest fruits that Nature ever provided for the nourishment of man. That comes off the Nono tree.

It saved our lives when we were starving; didn’t it, Sophie? We lived on it for nearly five months, when they couldn’t find our island; didn’t we, Sophie ?”

Sophie nodded.

“Couldn’t find your island? What island? Who couldn’t find it?”

An old hen that had been strolling about the verandah picked up the Nonoapple where I had dropped it, clucked, and walked away, as Jim started his narrative.

“It was like this,” Jim said, “and that old hen proves that lam right. She took that Nono to give to her baby chicks. Old hens are full of wisdom.

She knows that isn’t poison, and so do I, and so does Sophie.

“It’s about thirty years since we went to Scilly, isn’t it, Sophie? The Maxwell company financed the expedition, and we were after pearl-shell. Scilly is one of the Isles Sous le Vent, and it is about 350 miles due west of Tahiti.

“We sailed with Captain Joe Winchester on his schooner ‘Tamari Tahiti’.

Sophie was with me, of course, and so were my nephews George and Gyp Dexter, and my son Willie, and my cousins Lionel and Tommie Bambridge.

They were boys then, ranging from twelve to eighteen years, and we were taking them because they were just out of school and their mothers thought Papeete was a bad place for them until they got a little more sense.

“Besides my wife and the youngsters, I took about forty natives, a complete outfit of diving equipment and sufficient flour, rice, salmon, beef, sugar, coffee and tea to last us for three months, when a schooner was to come to bring us more supplies and take away the shell.

“The three months were up. We had a heap of shell on the beach, but our food was nearly gone. There were almost fifty mouths to feed and the island produced practically nothing. We were glad when, one evening, a motorschooner called the ‘Little Tahiti’ appeared outside the reef. That celebrated mariner, Winnie Brander, was in command. There is no pass in the reef at Scilly Island; vessels must lie optside and goods have to be taken ashore in whale boats.

“We were so hungry that we could not wait until morning for our chow, so one of the boys and I went out in a canoe and brought back a sack of flour, some tins of salmon, and biscuits, coffee and sugar for our supper.

“Night came on and it began to blow.

Then along came a hurricane, and Winnie Brander had to run for it. For about five months we never saw a ship 48 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19 33.

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Herbert Del Cott Pty. Ltd. 15 CASTLEREAGH STREET, SYDNEY. 116 QUEEN STREET, MELBOURNE. •Phone: B 3135. Cables: “Voltage”. ’Phone: Central 10488. and we had nothing to eat except what we could get on the island. Robinson Crusoe might have existed without great discomfort, but I had two-score Tahiti natives, and our own family party of about ten to feed. There were very few coconuts in bearing, but there was pandanus on the beach, and, thank God, plenty of Nono trees. That was all in the vegetable line. In the sea there were fish and turtles.

“AT first, we thought Winnie Brander would be back as soon as the storm blew over, and then, as the days went by and we got more and more hungry, we concluded that Winnie had been shb wrecked, but we felt sure that the Maxwell company would send us another boat.

“In the meantime we found it difficult to get enough to eat. The divers became so weak from lack of food that they could not work any more. If there had been plenty of coconuts we could have got along, but they were very few and immature.

“The * pandanus root, scraped and cooked with such fish as we caught, helped to fill our half-a-hundred stomachs, but the old Nono was our standby, and that is why I say that your botanical friend does not know what he is talking about when he says it is poisonous. We roasted it and we baked it. We stuffed the fish with it and we sucked the pulp of the seeds for dessert. We also tried to roast the seeds and make coffee out of them, but that experiment was a failure.

“After a month or so the sole effort of the entire community was to get enough food to keep us alive. The strong boys went out to the reef and caught turtles, when they could find them. Sometimes we found turtle eggs upon the beach. There were plenty of fish in the lagoon and in the sea outside, and these are what we lived on, plus the Nono fruit and the scrapings of pandanus, which some people call ‘screw-pine’.

“IJM'V’E months afterwards, when a -T boat finally found us, we learned what had happened.

“It appears that, after a desperate struggle with wind and wave, Winnie Brander got the ‘Little Tahiti’ back to Papeete. When the Maxwell people saw her coming through the pass they were delighted, because she appeared to be loaded to the gunnels with pearl-shell; but, when she got to the dock, they found she was only a water-logged hulk.

“However, they re-conditioned her and sent her back as soon as they could to relieve us at Scilly Island. She was commanded by a new captain, whose name was Picard. He was gone about a month and returned to Papeete with the report that he could not find Scilly Island. He attributed his navigational failure to the fact that there were cockroaches in his chronometer.

“By this time, Maxwell & Company were getting worried. They knew we were short of food, on a semi-barren island, and that there were about fifty of us.

“The third attempt to rescue us was made by the schooner ‘Taravao,’ Captain Mercanton. He was gone for several weeks, and came back with the surprising news that Scilly Island had sunk. He would not admit that his navigation could have been wrong. He even stated that, so correct were his calculations, the ‘Taravao’ had sailed right over the island and the first mate had looked through a diving glass and seen coconut trees under the schooner’s keel.

“A conference was then held at Maxwell’s and it was decided that one more attempt should be made to find us. The schooner ‘Southern Cross’ was chartered and equipped, and a native Tahitian was put in command. His name was Taaroa and his method of navigation was by rule-of-thumb. One day he was sailing away out into the West when one of his sailors saw smoke eight or nine miles off, on the weather side. The captain thought it might be the smoke of a New Zealand steamer, but he had enough curiosity to work his vessel up a couple of miles to windward and the he saw the tops of the few coconut trees of Scilly Island. The next morning we had plenty of grub.”

“11THERE did the smoke come from?”

TT I asked.

“Well,” said Jim Dexter, “my nephew George and I had caught a turtle, but we were so weak that we hadn’t the strength to chop wood for a fire to cook it, so we found a dead and dry pandanus and set fire to the tree and were trying to roast the turtle that way. That’s what made the smoke.”

“Did you go back home on the ‘Southern Cross’?”

“No,” said Jim, “but I put two of my 49 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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50 Oxford Street, Sydney strongest boys aboard her that night, with a gun, to see that she didn’t get away like Winnie Brander’s boat did, and in the morning we stripped her clean of everything in the eating line.

We kept her hanging around for several days while we filled our empty bellies, and then we filled her empty hold. We put in it over forty tons of fine-grade shell, worth in Papeete at that tim two thousand francs a ton. That’s eighty thousand francs, which meant in those days about £3,500.”

“After such an experience, of course, you went home as soon as you could,”

I suggested.

“Not on your life!” replied Jim Dexter.

“We lived on Scilly Island for over five years, and two of our children were bom there—weren’t they, Sophie?”

“Three,” said Sophie.

T _ _ . , . Mr * *[* Grierson Goad has resigned ;V S a . semor medical assistant in the New Guinea public service in order take oyer the management of the Kavieng Club, which is one of the bestknown institutions of the kind in the bouth keas.

Dr. W. H. Macgranahan returned to Syd " ey { ro “ Pa P ua by “Macdhui” ° n rch 7 t - accompanied by his wife.

For the P ast three years he has been in charge of the Anglican Mission’s hospital at Gona, on the north-eastern coast.

The Brain Of The

NATIVE.

Letter to the Editor.

THAT admirable little article, with the above title, in your February number, has only two faults. We would like to know what gifted author we have to thank for it (an unsigned article is almost as unsatisfactory as an unsigned cheque!); and th,e writer, owing no doubt to the exigencies of space, does not remind us of our own ancestors who, a few years ago (to speak geologically), were savages and cannibals, as the Glasgow finds proved!

Most of your general readers know of my archaeological work; and how closely I have lived in touch with Australasian, African and Pacific native peoples.

This, and the fact that I studied for the medical profession, in the ’seventies; and am “Captain” in the St. J. of J.’s Ambulance, having started the first classes here in 1886, perhaps justify me in writing upon the subject.

When I say that there is as much difference between the various types of European brains, as your unknown correspondent, rightly, shows obtains between island ones, I am merely repeating a well-known truth. The most valuable lesson to be derived seems to be that civilisation, producing luxury, idleness of body and brain, and increasing sensualism, tends to destroy a race. Read Elizabeth Goldsmith’s “Life Symbols ’, or other standard, modem work upon archaeological facts, and you will learn how race after race has climbed to civilisation, only to decay rapidly, and return to Mother Nature “for fresh instructions”. I have shown, by my discovery of the old civilisation of the Western Pacific, how Nature is a strict disciplinarian! If we neglect the use of our limbs, or over-work certain parts of our brains, we deteriorate as a race, although certain individuals among us may survive, and produce a totally different kind of human.

Among our Islands populations are peoples whose ancestors were highly civilised Asiatic folk (artistic, musical and architectural) when ours were !

But perhaps I have said enough to show my appreciation of your correspondent’s article; and my desire that the lesson he touched upon should be developed for the mutual good of the “plain or coloured” inhabitants of our wonderful, and (scientifically) still little known Pacific.

I am, Sir, etc., Sydney.

ARTHUR J. VOGAN.

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The “Trienza” has already been launched, and the other, which will be named the “Triadic”, will be launched in April. Both vessels will be slightly larger than the two now in commission.

They will have a length of 445 ft., a dead-weight tonnage of 9,750, and a speed of 13 knots.

The “Trienza” is due in Australia in April and the “Triadic” in September. 50 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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NEW BOAT-SLIP.

In Operation At Port Moresby, A YEAR ago, workmen began to excavate the hillside on the foreshore of Port Moresby, about 200 yards south of the public wharf. To-day, there is a large slip in existence there, and the attached photograph shows the first ship upon the slip.

The work, which is not yet complete, is being carried out by Steamships Trading Co., Ltd. The breakwaters, on either side, run right out into deep water. The hauling gear, operated by electric motors, is powerful, and it brought up the “Papuan Chief” without any difficulty. There is already a considerable workshop available, with electric drills, riveters, welders and various labour saving devices.

The slip is being deepened and extended in towards the hillside, so that it will take larger and still larger vessels.

Since the fine slip put in in Rabaul Harbour by W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd., was destroyed a year ago by the eruption, the S.T.C. slip at Port Moresby probably will be the largest in the South West Pacific.

Mr. Claude Champion, of the Papuan public service, was on leave in Sydney in February and March. He successfully underwent a somewhat severe operation for a complaint which developed while he was on the Lake Kutubu patrol, last year.

Mr. Sydney Wilkins, who was employed on the B.G.D. staff, on the Morobe goldfield, New Guinea, for some years, left by the “Marella” on March 9 for Siam, wh,ere he will enter the service of a tin-dredging Company.

Plane Damaged On N.G. Flight.

ADE HAVILLAND Dragon aeroplane on a flight from Cairns to New Guinea met with an accident on February 18 on the beach at Restoration Island, Weymouth Bay, North Queensland. Piloted by Mr. E. V. Crisp, the machine was en route to Salamaua to enter the goldfields freighting service operated by Mandated Airlines, Ltd.

The accident occurred when Mr. Crisp landed to refuel. The soft sand caused the machine to heel over, and a propeller was broken.

A lugger anchored in the bay carried news of the pilot’s plight to a passing steamer, the Shell Co.’s tanker, “Scalaria”. The captain wirelessed the information to the owners of the aeroplane, W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd., Sydney, and arrangements were made to repair the machine.

A new propeller carried to Restoration Island by North Queensland Airways enabled the Dragon to be in the air again within a fortnight. At the end of February it flew to Somerset, Cape York, and completed the journey to Salamaua on March 2.

Recently purchased by Mandated Airlines, this second-hand de Havilland is believed to have once belonged to the Duke of Windsor.

The coastal steamer “Papuan Chief” on the new slip at Port Moresby. 51 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Winning Gold in Papua.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 1.

A CONSIDERABLE number of native Papuans, in the east of the territory, work alluvial gold successfully.

The deposits they work are by no means rich, and have been known to European prospectors for many years, and abandoned. But, with no other expenses than that of a prospecting dish, the native. with a pointed stick and his hands* has at times had appreciable results.

Some are known to put down their own sluice-boxes, and work them singly or in groups, and often their wives assist in the enterprise.

Actually, several natives sold 211 oz. of gold to registered gold-buyers a short time ago, in addition, it is said, to further quantities disposed of through other channels.

One native prospector actually came across a nugget weighing 31 ounces. Nuggets of 2 ounces are by no means uncommon, they say.

These primitive miners are in a fortunate position. They need no clothes, and their food is supplied from their own gardens, which are cultivated by their women. As the Resident Magistrate of the Eastern Division remarked some time back: “They make of it an easy life and appear to be well rewarded”.

At Sudest Island, the scene of much goldmining activity 50 years ago, the natives still work the abandoned creeks and claims of the old mining days and, though the amount they obtain is by no means large, some 56 ozs. of gold was won during one year both at Woodlark and Sudest, by natives of these islands.

Mystery Of Lope

DE VEGA.

Was He First European In Sydney Harbour?

THE article in the December “P.1.M.” on “Pacific Pathfinders” mentions, in passing, the loss of that part of Mendana’s fleet that was under the charge of Lope de Vega. This has been one of the unsolved mysteries of the South Seas, though an interesting theory was put forward by Lawrence Hargraves, the inventor, who laid aside his great work in the aeronautical world at times for a much less acceptable essay into the historical.

In early 1931, I tried to check up the aboriginal carvings—in association with the late W. W. Thorpe, the authority on the ethnography of the Pacific around the foreshores of Sydney Harbour. Incidentally, out of this activity came the fencing off and protection of a set of carvings ( some already badly spoiled) at Ben Buckler.

These had been recorded many years ago as a result of a Government Geophysical Survey.

Our search had reached Point Piper, where we found a splendid carving of a large fish crossed by the “footprints of a deity” at a house vacated by Captain Frank Hurley, and then being altered and rebuilt as the residences of the late Mr. Inglis Hudson and Col.

Olding. By some means or other the press, apparently short on news, featured this “rediscovery”, for it awakened an old controversy with regard to some of the carvings there. Lawrence Hargraves had theorised that some of the carvings had been made by some metallic cutting instrument at that spot near Point Piper.

He had, it is stated, found, too, that there were evidences that certain handwrought bolts had been fastened into the cliff face nearby: while there is still to be seen on Ben Buckler, just over the ledge from the protected aboriginal carvings and slightly northeast of them, two sets of carvings done with a metal instrument. They consist, in one place, of the outlines of two high-pooped ships, with the varying number of ports or lanterns fashioned on them corresponding with the details of the “Santa Barbara” and the “Santa Alonzo”, de Vega’s ships. The other set has a large “W” near the symbol of old Spain, a cross within a circle, and two rows of large letters, which could be the initials of Lope de Vega, his lieutenant and of his remaining ship, the “Santa Alonzo”.

What happened to the de Vega section of the Mendana expedition?

Captain Cook reports seeing Hie bleached skeleton of a ship on Facing Island. A later discovery of guns marked with the Spanish arms and “Santa Barbara” suggest that the vessel was the one Cook had seen.

It is probable that the other ship took off the survivors of the wreck. The 52 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 2-4, 198 8.

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Letters: Incorporated in Victoria. Telegrams: Box 1298 J, G.P.O. 331 KENT STREET, SYDNEY. “BullhSntsf’ Ltd.” ♦ ♦ Hargraves theory was that they then sailed down the Australian coast, being actually the discoverers of the “great South Land”, and into Sydney Harbour.

He suggests that they careened their ship at Rose Bay, right on the edge of Point Piper, putting hand-wrought bolts into the cliff face for that purpose.

Lope de Vega, it is suggested, took the opportunity offered of taking the newly-discovered land for Spain. As an earnest of this, he had followed the natives’ example by making his signmanual on the Ben Buckler cliff edge, from whence there is a splendid view to the west; “W” representing that he claimed all the land to the west for Spain, indicated by the cross and circle, with witness thereof his initials, those of his lieutenant and of their ship. The outlines of the two ships were to give further evidence of their identity.

Lawrence Hargrave went to a considerable amount of trouble to get data as far as possible with reference to his theory. But the question still remains, as to who carved the letters and symbols, and when. One good gentleman, a member of one of the municipal councils, had declared, 1 understood, that he had been responsible for some of the carvings at Ben Buckler. The evidence of the antiquity of the native carvings is fairly well guaranteed, but who did the rest?

So the loss of de Vega and his ships is still a mystery, though it seems a great pity that he should be refused the honour, if it is his, of being the real discoverer of Terra Australia.—C.W.W.A.

Note:—Lope de Vega, the navigator, is not to be confused with the more famous Lope de Vega (Carpis), the dramatist, who was a contemporary.

Mr. Dexter Giblin, eldest son of Dr. and Mrs. W. E. Giblin, of Morobe District, New Guinea (formerly of Papua), reached Sydney by the “Macdhui” early in March, after a visit to his parents.

He has entered St. John’s College, Sydney University, to study for his medical degree.

Mr. F. L. Webb, who was born in Fiji in 1888, his father being one of the pioneer Methodist missionaries in the Group, died suddenly in Sydney on February 25. He was manager of the overseas department of the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney Limited.

Japan And The

PHILIPPINES U.S.A. May Amend Independence Act.

THE manner in which Japan, in defiance of all treaties and understandings, is forcing her rule upon adjoining countries, has given serious concern to that section of United States opinion that is interested in the Philippines.

Although U.S.A., in fulfilment of the promise given when she took the territory from Spain, has granted the Filipinos partial independence, and is preparing to give complete independence and economic separation in 1946, it is certain that the great republic will not abandon the Group, as planned, if the territory is simply going to be gobbled up by th,e Japanese.

Since Japan commenced the attack on China, and it became clear that Japanese policy is dictated by a determination to control the Pacific, some prominent and influential Americans have become anxious about the condition of the Philippines. It is likely that Congress, presently, will be asked to amend the Act which gives the Philippines complete independence in 1946, so th,at the Group can remain for a longer period, and perhaps indefinitely, under American protection.

The auxiliary vessel “Midas” returned to Sydney on February 28, after having conducted oil search operations in Papua for Papua Oil Developments (Shell Company). Her crew was Captain Max Stanton (former mate in Sir Douglas Mawson’s “Discovery”); F.

Collins, engineer; and F, Geach. 53 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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WEDDING AT SAMARA I.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

SAMARAI, Feb. 20.

ON February 1, the. marriage took place 'at the Anglican Church, Samarai, of Miss M. Bunting, the popular eldest daughter of Hon. A. H. Bunting and Mrs. Bunting, to Mr. Lea Ashton, of New Guinea. Mr. Ashton was formerly in the Papuan Government Service, and is a member of a well-known family in the Territory.

His Lordship Bishop Newton conducted the service, and the bride was given away by her brother, Mr. Bob Bunting.

Only a few intimate friends were present at the wedding breakfast, which was held at the residence of the bride’s parents. Mr. and Mrs. L. Ashton left later for Gili Gili Plantation and Ahiome, for a short honeymoon.

My Beloved Islands!

There, in the shade of avenues of palms One magic, wind-swept day, When, from the shelter of some stormscared tree The island-face of Pan peeps out at me I will, once more, be gay!

I’ll beckon him —he’ll bolder grow l “‘Kati waiho!’ Oh, stay: Wand’ring wood god; and play Upon your pipe-of-reeds those notes to make That I have longed for, years without a break!

“My heart is fasting! Hungry! Yield to me Your lilting melody!

Waft me the message from each friendly frond!

Chant the wild epic of the reef beyond' The sorrows of the sobbing sea!

Th,e whispers of the wind-kissed tree' Tune my dulled town-soul to the singing leaves!”

And Pan, whose heart, like mine, loves the deep woods, Will pipe me hymns of these!

A. J. VOGAN.

Miss Nancy Brown, M.A., Dip. Ed., has joined the Methodist Mission for work among the Rabaul Chinese.

DAMAGES: 20 Rs.

Libel Action In Seychelles.

SOMETHING over a year ago, a craft i-° f unusual appearance, named the Felicm”, appeared in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, in charge of her owner, F. W. Parsons. She came from the Seychelles Islands (in the Indian Ocean), and it was stated that the owner was seeking transport work.

There was not much business about, however, and the boat apparently experienced bad times; the owner did not very much like the conditions he met; there was a good deal of stormy weather; and the “Felicie” returned to the Seychelles, via New Guinea.

This report, from the “Pacific Islands Monthly”, was copied into the “Seychelles Clarion”, without addendum or comment.

We learn, to our astonishment, from the “Seychelles Clarion” of December last, that Mr. Parsons took action against the editor of the “Clarion”, on the ground of libel. He said that his credit had been injured, and his feelings hurt. He claimed that he had not gone for trading purposes to the South Seas—he had been merely visiting New Guinea and the Solomon in his “pleasure yacht”. Yachts were permitted to trade in the Solomons. He had not been as hard up as the article inferred. He claimed damages amounting to 1.700 Rupees.

The Judge said there had been no material damage, but moral damage could be inferred. He awarded damages amounting to 20 Rupees.

Tahiti Prepares A Welcome for French Cadets.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Feb. 27.

FRENCH Oceania—and particularly Tahiti—is preparing for the reception of the French naval training ship, “Jeanne d’Arc”, expected to arrive at Papeete early in April.

The “Jeanne d’Arc” (Commandant Auphan) left Brest, France, on August 10, 1937, on a voyage around the world; calling at Djibouti, Indo-China, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa and Tahiti.

It has been planned to have the native ceremonies and festival—customarily attendant on Bastile Day each 14th of July—celebrated in April in honour of the “Jeanne d’Arc”.

The Tahitians and the natives of the outer islands are most anxious to make this a memorable occasion. The fete in April will, therefore, equal if not surpass in elaborate preparation that of July 14, 1937.

Mr. H. F. Tousdale, of Edie Creek, arrived in Australia from New Guinea by the March “Macdhui” on the first stage of a world tour which will embrace Africa, the East, America, and Great Britain. 54 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Chance Rescue

How Girl Flier Was Found Near Madang.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, Mar. 2.

Miss Barbara Hitchins, The

young Sydney girl flier who was lost for several days recently after her plane had made a forced landing, said she had almost given up hope when Pilot Jack Todd, of Stephens Aviation Co., landed beside her, 60 miles southwest of Madang. She was on a flight from Kerema (Papua) to Wau (New Guinea).

Her finding was entirely an accident.

Pilot Todd was looking for another machine which was overdue in that district when he spotted her Gypsy Moth on a grassy flat. He landed and, leaving his passenger in charge of the plane, flew Miss Hitchins to Madang.

Meanwhile, searchers were combing an area more than 100 miles away.

Ray Parer spent five hours in a Moth plane searching the Kerema-Wau route.

Mandated Airlines’ Dragon Rapide, with a party of N.G. Administration officials, including District Officer Penglase, Dr.

Sinclair, and Mr. Collopy (Civil Aviation Department), flew over Lake Kamu and the surrounding rivers. Papua Oil Development’s Grumman amphibian and several of Guinea Airways’ planes also took part in the search.

Miss Hitchins explained that she attempted to fly around the mountain range on the Papuan-New Guinea border, instead of over it. She took the wrong direction and, in order to conserve her fuel, decided to land. The machine came down in heavy grass country near Mount Wilhelm.

She stayed the night in a native village, and the following morning burnt a 300 yards runway. Attempting to take-off, the wheels of her machine became tangled in the long grass and it turned over on its back, breaking the propeller. Climbing 1,000 feet to the top of the mountain, she lit signal fires, but the searching planes flew overhead without seeing her.

Miss Hitchins is anxious to get into the air again. She proposes to fly from Wau to Rabaul, and then back to Australia.

Rev. G. S. Crouch, 8.A., was Fiji’s representative at the Methodist Mission’s Annual Meeting in Sydney, in February.

Memories Of The

"BEULAH."

Tribulations Of A Papeete Ship-Agent.

INFORMATION has come to us that the M.V. “Beulah” has been lost at sea.

Years ago the “Beulah” voyaged at irregular intervals from San Francisco to Papeete. Hitherto we had believed the “Beulah” immortal; as indestructable as the galleon of the Flying Dutchman* a deathless instrument of the Erinyes to punish the trangressions of owners, agents and port authorities.

The agent at Papeete used to pray fervently, with his head bowed toward Jerusalem, Mecca and every other sanctuary known to him, for a hurricane to smite her; a whirlpool to swallow her up; an upheaval of sharp, hard basalt columns in her pathway; whenever he learned of the departure of the “Beulah” from San Francisco for Tahiti.

His prayers were never answered.

The “Beulah” always arrived —a week late, a fortnight late —but eventually she appeared in the pass and his troubles began.

The captain of the “Beulah” was a buHy and truculent Swede. The chief engineer was a burly, inflammable Irishman.

The tension between them, during the voyage, resembled that in a steam boiler of high pressure set over a furnace continually stoked. The only element necessary to fulminate these emotions was a little priming of strong waters. The explosion came, usually, within an hour and served as a sunset gun to notify the agent that the night of tribulation was about to descend upon him.

The twilight period extended through the days of unloading and loading (if the winches worked —as they sometimes did); for the ship was then in the hands of the very able and efficient stevedores of Papeete. It was when he tried to get the “Beulah” out of the harbour that Tartarus yawned and engulfed the suffering agent.

The ship was propelled by two semidiesel engines of ancient vintage. It took hours to heat up the cylinder heads 55 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Extract from a letter sent to us by an Islands storekeeper who recently retired: — Milne Bay, Papua, 1/10/34.

“ . . . a success due —in a great measure—to the excellent service rendered for so many years by your firm. Yours faithfully, H. DEXTER .”

A. Webb & Company (Manchester) Ltd.

86 George Street - - Manchester

Contractors to H.M. and Foreign Governments. Bentley's Code, and ABC Code \th and sth Editions. Telegraphic Address: “ WASTOCK,” Manchester. by some blowpipe arrangement whicn was like a glimpse into the infernal regions when viewed through the engine ro °™ hatcl J; When all was ready—the clearance papers in order; the supplies put on board; and the several members of the crew fished up from the subterranean warrens of Papeete—one or both of these cylinder heads would blow out.

There may or may not have been spare cylinder heads aboard; but the chief engineer always told the agent that there were none.

Three or four days would then pass while the broken and cracked cylinder heads were being brazed at a machine shop ashore.

Eventually, they would be finished; the crew again ferreted out of the byways and warrens; and the agent would repair hopefully to the wharf to despatch the ship.

There he might find a leading officer —well fortified by many days at the wassail bowl—storming the cabin door with an iron belaying-pin in order to get at another officer barricaded within, In this event the ship had to be towed out to a buoy and an armed guard placed aboard until the wrath of the leading officer had abated. Or, as a variant, the anchor davil would collapse as the anchor was being lifted; which meant four or five days further delay while a new apparatus was being forged at the machine shop ashore, Whatever the cause, the “Beulah”, day after day, for a period which seemed to have no prospect of an ending, rose like Banquo’s ghost before his waking vision and followed the harassed agent into refuge of his dreams. And to add to his exasperation came a daily cable from the owners: “Has the ‘Beulah’ sailed? If not, why not?”

Yes, we remember the “Beulah”. May she rest in peace! But will she? Is it not possible that she will exasperate the realm under the sea as she has the world of men and, Poseidon casting her forth, she will sail again the face of the waters ?- A.C.R.

Editorial Note OUR correspondent is not quite correct in saying that the “Beulah” was lost at sea.

Actually, the vessel was reported lost, but she limped into port at Vancouver (British Colombia) after a terrifying battle in a gale with her lumber cargo loose. Tied up at the dock, she sank. Our correspondent’s worst fears have materialised, however, for a survey was made and the experts were to attempt to raise her in February.

It appears that the motorship left Vancouver on Christmas Eve. At sea, she ran into a howling gale. The radio aerial carried away, the deck cargo began to loosen, and the steering gear broke down. In addition, she developed a list of 40 degrees.

As a temporary rudder was being erected, a heavy sea swamped the deck and Chief Officer Oscar Bradgo was swept overboard. Owing to the list of the vessel the only lifeboat remaining intact could not be lowered. The boatswain, Mr. Frank Mukulasi, fractured his leg, when the shifting deck cargo was being secured.

It was reported also in American newspapers, that while the “Beulah” was drifting helplessly she struck a reef off Vancouver, but there was some doubt about this.

When his vessel reached Vancouver safely, Captain Sven Erickson was loud in his praise of the crew of three white men and 18 Polynesian natives.

N.l.’s 150th Anniversary Celebrations.

From a Special Correspondent.

NORFOLK ISLAND, Mar. 14.

SUNDAY, March 6, was the 150th anniversary of the landing of the first settlers at Norfolk Island from the Armed Tender “Supply”, under the command of Lieutenant Phillip Gidley King, R.N. It was observed by a united service in All Saints’ Church, Kingston, Monday, the 7th, was a holiday. In the morning the Administrator (Sir Charles Rosenthal) and Lady Rosenthal entertained the children in Government House grounds, overlooking the spot where Lieutenant King landed. During the afternoon a sports meeting was held, and at night there was a ball in Rawson Hall. The proceeds of the day will be devoted to the new hospital building fund.

Interest was added to the occasion by the fact that two residents of Norfolk Island, Mr. Essington George King and Mrs. Brancker Nobbs, who are greatgrandchildren of Lieutenant King, took part in the proceedings.

Rev. Godfrey Gilbert, who served for four years as rector of Coraki (N.S.W.), has now taken up duties as prlest-incharge of the Torres Strait Mission, with headquarters on Moa Island. 56 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Germs Hit Your Kidneys tmm ?UK<ffJ Germs get into the Kidneys, Bladder, and Urinary System, and because of the intense irritation produced are the true and underlying cause of much pain, rundown health, and dangerous symptoms, such as : Getting up Nights, Leg Pains, Nervousness, Dizziness, frequent Colds and Headaches, Rheumatic Pains, Swollen Ankles, Dark Circles under Eyes, Backaches, Loss of Appetite and Vitality, and Burning, Smarting, Itching passages.

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Major and Mrs. W. E. Willoughby Tottenham, of Suva, arrived in New Zealand on a holiday visit by the February “Niagara”.

Rev. William Weidemann, of the Melanesian Mission, who is stationed at Sag Sag, New Britain, reached Sydney from Rabaul by the “Macdhui” in early March.

Ratu G. W. Lalabalavu, Roko Tui Cakaudrove, has been appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Fiji in place of Ratu Deve Tonganivalu, who recently resigned.

Mr. William Holland married Miss Jessie Stewart at St. Augustine’s Church, Wau, New Guinea, on February 12. Mrs. F. S. Stewart, sister-in-law of the bride, held a reception at the Hotel Bulolo in honour of the couple.

Plate For Haas "Fiji"

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 3.

WHEN it was known that one of the new 8,000 ton cruisers for the Royal Navy is to be called H.M.S. “Fiji”, a suggestion was made that the Colony should present to the cruiser a piece of silver plate bearing the name of the Colony of Fiji.

A subscription list has been opened.

It will close when £lOO is secured, and the Government will contribute the balance. The amount of individual subscriptions has been limited to a maximum of 5/- and although the list has been open only a few days there has been a good response.

To Attack White Rule In the Pacific.

Plan of Dominant Japanese.

STANDING for Pacific domination through a struggle against the white races, the powerful Satsuma elan enjoys ascendancy in Japan to-day.

Such is the argument of a writer in the Paris “Matin,” who declares that there is no need to underline the direct menace to all countries having possessions in the Pacific.

“Recent declarations of Japanese politicians, above all that of Admiral Suetsugu, Minister for the Interior, reveal,” says the article “a new aspect of Japanese penetration of Asia.

“Powerful clans are trying to provoke a general pan-Asiatic push against the predominance of the white races. The army obeys these clans, escaping direct control by the Government.

“Contrary to general European opinion, present events do not represent the carrying out of the plan set forth in the famous Memorial of Baron Tanaka to the Emperor.

“The initial step in this plan was an inexorable struggle against Communism, including the occupation of Soviet territories as far as Lake Baikal and the destruction of Soviet influence in China.

“Only after this did Tanaka envisage economic and political control of North and Central China, while South China remained outside the plan.

“'Tanaka did not desire to attack actual British interests, lest the Continental struggle should be transformed into a Pacific conflict in which Japan would have to meet Britain and America.

“Since the death of Baron Tanaka, representing the Choshu Clan, the rival Satsuma Clan has out-distanced its competitor. Its doctrine of Pacific domination, resulting from a struggle against the Whites, carried the day. It is the victory of the ‘Sailors’ Party’.

“The rise to power of Prince Konoye, the Premier, who is closely associated personally with Navy chiefs, indicated the course of events.

“In giving Admiral Suetsugu the Home Ministry, Prince Konoye afforded new proof of the control which the Satsuma Clan exercises over Japanese policy.”

Mr. M. M. Brodie, of Suva, arrived in Sydney via Auckland, on a business trip early in March.

Mr. Henry Dexter, formerly a trader of Milne Bay, Eastern Papua, who returned from Sydney to England at the end of last year, was married there soon after his arrival in London. The London “Daily Telegraph” of December 15 contained the following: “Dexter —Staples: on December 14, by Special License Henry Dexter, late of Papua, to Mable Florence, Widow of Martin Staples of Oakwood, Willett Way, Petts Wood, Kent”. 58 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Passing of Old Port Moresby Landmark.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 6. rnHE “Dead House”, an old landmark in A Port Moresby, Has been demolished to make room for the new hotel which Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. is building on Port Road, on the vacant allotment facing the present Hotel Moresby.

For years this building has been used as an annexe to the present hotel. It was in existence about 1889, and was then the only “hotel” in the district. It was called the Hotel Port Moresby, and contained one large centre room in which were six stretchers.

When overcrowded with visitors from the goldfields, further accommodation was provided by stretchers along the somewhat narrow verandah,. The walls were of corrugated iron, as were also the roof and the several addition to the building.

Old timers state that the kitchen was the bar, and that later on improvements allowed for a butcher’s shop in the basement.

In 1910, it was found that the accommodation did not do justice to the town, and the present Hotel Moresby was built nearby. The old building was then used as a “dead house”.

In addition to the new hotel the present one (Hotel Moresby) will be remodelled throughout, and will help to accommodate the increasing flow of visitors.

Mr. W. L. Heron, planter of Rabaul, arrived in Melbourne by the “Nellore” in February, and has taken up residence at Frankston.

Rev. Father F. Cadoux, of the Sacred Heart Mission, Yule Island, Papua, left Port Moresby by the “Maetsuycker” at the end of February, en route to France.

Mr. Eric Granter has been appointed manager of Roberts’ Transport Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Ramsay returned to Fiji by the “Niagara” on February 26.

PACIFIC DEEPS.

THE Belgian, Professor Piccard, famous for his ascents into the stratosphere, is now planning descents into the ocean depths. He proposes presently to descend into the Challenge Deep, in the Pacific, south of Guam, 5,269 fathoms (nearly six miles). The great deeps of the Pacific are:— Aldritch Deep, north-east of New Zealand, 5,902 fathoms, and east of Tonga, 5,022 fathoms.

Challenge Deep, as above.

Swire Deep, off Mindanao (Philippines), 5,902 fathoms—the greatest known sounding.

The waters enclosed by New Britain, New Ireland and the Northern Solomons (that is, about due southwards of Rabaul) reach about 5,000 fathoms.

BUILDING ACTIVITY IN SUVA.

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 3.

SUVA has been a hive of activity lately, so far as building is concerned. A return recently laid before the Suva Town Board disclosed interesting figures, showing that for the period from August 19, 1937 to January 27, 1938, permits of a total value of £53,586 had been issued.

The principal works were Marlows, Ltd., store and offices, £21,000; Brown and Joske, Ltd., bulk store, £3,000; Roman Catholic Cathedral towers, £3,500; Noerr Brothers, theatre, £5,000; Regan, shop and tenements, £3,000; Suva Motors, Ltd., garage, £4,000. The rest of the amount was made up of minor jobs, each below a value of £3,000.

Port Moresby’s first hotel, later known as the “Dead House”. On the skyline, in this photograph, which was taken in 1900, is the Labour Office. 59 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8

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At Fiji: Trading as "Dominion Fruit C 0.," Suva Mr. W. E. Goodsir, manager of the Fiji Kauri Timber Co., arrived in Melbourne by the “Mariposa” at the end of February. He was accompanied by Mrs. Goodsir.

Mr. H. H. Vaskess, 0.8. E., Secretary to the Western Pacific High Commission, left Suva, Fiji, by the February “Niagara” on leave.

Mr. H. Moorhouse, who has been representative of the Queensland Insurance Co., in Suva for some time, reached Sydney from Fiji on transfer by the February “Mariposa”.

Dr. T. Clunie, Medical Superintendent of the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, returned to Fiji after leave by the “Tainui” from Europe on February 26.

A RICH PROFIT.

HAVING received a rich and unusual charter to load for Germany 4,500 tons of nickel ore at New Caledonia the Finnish four-masted barque “Pamir” (2,365 tons) has left Auckland for Noumea. It was expected that she would come to Australia to load grain after having discharged a cargo of guano from the Seychelles, in New Zealand.

The “windjammer” should show a profit on the round voyage of about £13,000 —a remarkable figure in these days, when most old-time sailing ships are considered obsolete and unprofitable to run.

Violent Storm Hits Fiji.

Sugar Crop Seriously Damaged.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 3.

LAST week-end, February 26 and 27, Suva experienced a hurricane scare. For the first time for some years show windows in the town were to be seen complete with hurricane battens.

A low barometer gave warning of an approaching depression, but difficulty was experienced in locating it, for there appeared to be several small depressions scattered over the Pacific. However, no risks were run and many premises were battened up. The liner “Tainui” anchored in the stream on Saturday evening and remained there throughout the week-end, prepared for a quick get-away in the event of a serious “blow” developing.

However, once more Suva escaped.

Lautoka, on the other hand, had a strong gale accompanied by heavy rain. At times the wind reached force 10, but no serious damage was done in the town.

Reports from Ba and Tavua indicate that serious damage was done to the sugar crop. The District Commissioner reported that at least 50 per cent, of the present crop is down, while 50 per cent, of the crop already planted for the 1939 season is affected.

The Ba River was flooded, the water rising some feet over the bridge and entering the store of Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd. Slight damage was caused. Roads in the Ra district suffered and damage was done to the Ellington wharf. Trees were blown down in many places and inter-district telephone communication was cut off, owing to the lines being brought down.

At Nadarivatu a whirlwind was experienced, which damaged the Government station buildings. However, the most serious damage was done to the mill of the Fiji Kauri Timber Company, about two-thirds of this and the chimney stack being hurled down by the whirlwind. Fortunately, the machinery was not damaged.

In Nadroga, a strong north-west wind was experienced but no damage was done. The Sigatoka River rose about eight feet.

Mr. R. J. Keegan, who was transferee! from the New Hebrides to the Solomons public service in 1936, and who was subsequently stationed at Faisi, the Shortlands, and Tulagi, arrived in Sydney in March.

Mr. A. Campbell, plantation inspector, arrived in Sydney in March by the “Malaita” from the Solomon Islands, on furlough. 60 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Death Of Aged Fiji

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Mr. Slocombe, a well-known commercial man of Nukualofa, Tonga, arrived in Sydney, via Auckland, in March.

TRANSPACIFIC LINERS.

Slow Progress to Agreement.

NEW ZEALAND newspapers say that a final agreement on the new British Pacific shipping service is expected soon, which means that the way will be clear for the construction of two 22,000 ton liners.

It is believed that New Zealand’s suggestions for improved crew accommodation in the projected liners have been adopted.

The proposal that one liner should be on New Zealand articles has not been pressed, as it threatened to delay the negotiations.

Even when the agreement is completed the main difficulty will be the construction of the ships, because of the pressure of work in British yards.

Construction costs are expected to be greatly in excess of the original estimate of £2,500,000 each.

Mosese Konau, who has been a missionary in Papua for the Methodist Church for 30 years, has left the Territory to visit his homeland, Fiji.

Dr. J. Dovi, brother of Ratu J. L. V.

Sukuna, M.L.C., returned to Fiji by the “Niagara” on February 26. For some time Dr. Dovi has been house surgeon at the Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Governor Of Fiji And

SIR M. HEDSTROM.

Letter to the Editor.

THE editorial note to the article published in the January issue of the in reference to the incident which was the cause of the resignation of Sir Maynard Hedstrom from the Legislative and Executive Councils of Fiji, will be read with not a little surprise and some indignation by quite a number of our European residents, and others not in accord with the assertion that it would have been better had His Excellency’s choice of words been less “unfortunate” and that the matter could have been amicably settled by an “apology” from the Governor.

In the opinion of many, the Governor’s remarks were quite justified and applicable, and it is contended the tone in which they were made was in no way contemptuous.

It would seem that Sir Maynard was exceptionally thin-skinned to place the interpretation he has done upon them.

The Governor’s written explanation to Sir Maynard was both courteous and amicable and would have been accepted in the spirit it was intended, by most men.

After all the word “archaic”, which was taken exception to, simply means old-fashioned, and was correctly used by His Excellency.

Again, so far as may be learned, the other gentlemen who formed the “Archaic Trinity” referred to, and who are equally concerned, have not publicly Ratu Takalaigau, an old Fijian Chief, reputed to be over 100 years old, died recently at his home on the island of Gau. As a man of about 40, Takala[?]gau was selected to beat the lali (native drum) at the signing of the Deed of Cession at Levuka in 1874, when the Group was annexed by Great Britain. He was the beater of the lali at the Golden Jubilee celebrations in 1934, and again in 1935 when the Cession Memorial Stone was unveiled by Sir Murchison Fletcher (the then Governor). 61 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Mr. C. Younger, of Cape Marsh, Solomon Islands, returned home by the March “Malaita”, after furlough in Australia.

"STELLA POLARIS" AT SUVA.

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 3.

ON February 24, Suva had its annual visit from the luxury cruise ship “Stella Polaris”, under the management of Messrs. Raymond Whitcomb, of New York. Although she never carries more than 130, there were only 76 passengers.

The usual native “mekes” and drives were arranged for the visitors and a ball was held at the Grand Pacific Hotel, with music supplied by the ship’s Viennese band. She sailed on the 25th for Port Moresby and Far Eastern ports.

Unfortunately, the visit was marred by heavy rain which prevailed almost throughout the vessel’s stay.

Cyclonic Weather Disturbs Port Moresby.

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 6.

AT the end of February, Port Moresby and thje surrounding district experienced a cyclonic disturbance from the north-west, which lasted five days. Torrential rains followed exceptionally heavy squalls and the weather was the severest for many years.

No serious damage occurred to the town’s houses, except that the vestry wall of St. John’s Anglican Church was blown completely out. In addition, several roofs were partly dislodged.

TWO LABOURERS INJURED.

On the native labourers’ compound at Koki, a large building owned by Burns, Philp and Co. collapsed during the night.

Heavy rain added to the great disorder and it was indeed fortunate that only two natives were injured when so many sleeping labourers were buried under the fallen structure.

In consequence of the disturbing conditions along the coast, shipping was delayed for some days, as were the aerial services. It is reported that in several coastal villages a number of houses were blown over, but without any serious consequences.

Heavy Fines For Fiji

PUBLICANS.

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 3.

UNDER the Fiji Liquor Ordinance, natives and Indians cannot obtain liquor unless they are in possession of a permit. A heavy penalty is provided for publicans or anyone else supplying prohibited persons.

For some years past the fines inflicted by the bench have not been anywhere near the maximum of £5O, but during the last few weeks it seems that a determined effort is being made to stamp out the practice.

The first shock came when the lisensee of the Navua Hotel was fined £2O. A week later a barman employed in the Club Hotel, Suva, was convicted on a similar charge, and fined £3O, though it was his first offence. The same penalty was inflicted on the licensee of the Rewa Hotel, also a first offender, a few days later.

Miss Clarice Hayton, who for the last three years has had charge of a school on Moa Island, Torres Strait, sailed from Sydney for Fiji by the “Aorangi” on March 17. She has accepted a position with the Anglican Mission, and will have charge of the boys’ school at Wailevu.

Mr. A. W. Seymour, C.M.G., ,who was Colonial Secretary of Fiji from 1926 to 1935, has resigned the post of Colonial Secretary of Trinidad, British West Indies.

Meli Marawa, a retired senior warder in the Fiji Prisons Department, has been awarded the Imperial Service Medal by His Majesty King George VI. 62 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Success At New Guinea Experimental Station May Affect Dutch Quinine Monopoly.

THIS photograph (for which we are indebted to Mr. A. J. Campbell, of the S.D.A. Mission, Upper Ramu, New Guinea) gives evidence of a very interesting agricultural development in Central New Guinea.

The picture was taken at the end of January.' The Ryan monoplane (Stephens Aviation, Ltd.), is being loaded with several hundreds of wellgrown Cinchona plants, for transportation from the Government nursery on the Ramu to the new agricultural station recently established at Aiyura, in the mountains near the headwaters of the Purari.

The New Guinea Director of Agriculture, Mr. George Murray, was convinced, years ago, that the Cinchona tree (from which quinine is produced) could be grown profitably on the Central New Guinea plateau; but when he tried to get a supply of seed he met extraordinary obstacles. There are many varieties of Cinchona, but the sort that Mr. Murray wanted was most jealously guarded.

Cinchona, originally a South American plant, is now almost entirely monopolised by the Dutch, who produce, in Java, about nine-tenths of the world’s quinine. The Dutch ring charges a high price for the drug, and naturally tries to protect the monopoly.

Finally, through an old personal friend, and by tortuous channels, Mr.

Murray got a few of the seeds he wanted, and they were quietly planted in a special location in the Ramu Valley, Central New Guinea. They flourished, and now the Government experimental station has many hundreds of wellgrown plants, suitable for distribution.

The soil, elevation, climate, rainfall of Central New Guinea appear to be similar to those of Java, in the same latitude; and Mr. Murray is convinced that the way now is open for the establishment there of a profitable industry.

Various countries have tried, in vain, to break the Dutch quinine monopoly and reduce the price of the drug. Perhaps New Guinea can do it.

Rev. O. W. Furness, L.Th., of Tasmania, has been accepted by the Methodist Mission to succeed Rev. C. M.

Churchward, M.A., at Rotuma Island, Fiji. He will first undergo a period of training at the George Brown College, in Sydney.

Miss Lucy Willoughby, a member of the Australian Board of Missions’ staff at Dogura, Papua, arrived in Sydney by the March “Macdhui”.

Mr. R. F. Pinder, who has been Government Auditor in Fiji since 1934, left Suva by the “Niagara” on February 26, en route to Northern Rhodesia on transfer. 63 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19 38.

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THE Japanese newspapers, in January, carried reports that Germany, in forthcoming conversations with Britain, would seek the return of New Guinea.

This has inspired a series of articles in Australian newspapers, written by very ill-informed people, who argue superficially about the value of New Guinea to Australia.

There obviously is not the least likelihood of New Guinea being returned to Germany while (a) Japan retains possession of the Marshall and Caroline Islands; (b) the control of New Guinea is necessary for the defence of Australia against a powerful and aggressive Japan.

Mr. H. E. Smythe, District Engineer, Suva, accompanied by Mrs. Smythe, left Fiji for England by the February “Niagara”.

Rev. Geoffrey Voss, of Gasmata, New Britain, arrived in Sydney by the “Macdhui” on March 6. He is a member of the staff of the Melanesian Mission.

Pattern Service

have arranged with a well-known Sydney v * firm of pattern-cutters to publish each month a diagram of a seasonable frock, patterns of which may be obtained by our readers direct from this office, post free, on payment of the sum stated under the diagram. Address your letter to “Pattern,” Pacific Islands Monthly, Box 3408 R.

Sydney, and enclose a note giving the number of the pattern wanted and bust size, and enclose also the price of the pattern in postal note or stamps. The pattern will be sent by return mail.

Mrs. Fanny Eva Hennings, a highly respected resident of Levuka, Fiji, died on March 1 in her 69th year. Mrs.

Hennings, who was the relict of the late Mr. James Hennings, an old colonist, had been in ill-health for some time. She leaves a grown up family of sons and daughters. Her husband predeceased her eight years ago when he was lost at sea, during a hurricane.

Mr. Robert McKegg, managing director of the Cook Islands Trading Co., Ltd., arrived in Sydney from Auckland in March. He is undergoing a course of treatment, at present, at the Wahroonga Sanatorium.

Frock, 4279—ls. ld. 4279. —Gathers at the shoulders, match the sleeves; V neck is outlined with a roll contrast collar harmonising with sleeve trimming and basque—hand embroidery is suggested in oriental shades. Flared skirt has a shaped seam back and front. Material (for 36 in. bust): 3 yds. 36 ins. wide; contrast, ¾ yd. 36 ins. wide. Bust sizes 32 to 40 ins. 64 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

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Plea For More Vigorous Works Policy.

A resident of Tulagi, Solomon Islands, under the nom-de-plume of “Soliloquist ”, discusses an apparently dismal outlook.

BEFORE Resident Commissioner Workman left Tulagi (about 20 years ago) he built himself a memorial in the form of a very useful “cutting” which enables one to pass from one side of the Island to the other without climbing and descending a stiff little pinch, which was not good for blood-pressure or boiled shirts. One cannot enjoy the coolness of walking through the cutting without kindly thoughts of its originator.

Unfortunately, he somewhat dulled such thoughts by leaving, as a second memorial, our Chinatown planted on the only possible harbour-side site where a white township could have flourished and maintained all the little side-line industries which go to make a happy little community.

Mr. Workman’s excuse for the blunder was: “As it was a mangrove swamp, it was the best place to put the blighters— What?”

The filling in of such a swamp, of course, was a small item, especially as in this case where there was ample material all round the sides, even to coral boulders on the fore-shore for wall building.

But, -as things happened, the place was never properly filled in, and Chinese shacks were thrown up, in places, on rickety piles, over the mud, with their back doors and windows acting as sewerage exits.

The natural effluvium arising from such a locality is bad enough; but when it mingles with the imported aromas of Ancient China in the still morning air, it is something to be remembered forever — and avoided.

This hot-bed for epidemic, be it said, is within (almost) a stone’s throw of the Residency, perched on a hill close by.

As the acreage of this locality was restricted, it soon overflowed with the welcomed, incoming Chinese; and, since then, two further spasms of China have broken out further up the harbour; and, as the last remaining water-frontage blocks, which eventually would have attracted white activity, have been handed over recently for the building of Chinese trading shacks, there is danger that newcomers will be forced to fall back on blocks surrounding the Residency itself.

THE present-day roads of Tulagi are a disgrace, compared with what they were twenty years ago, and to pass along them at night without a torch and a staunch pair of ankles is to gamble with fate.

There is no hotel as of yore (outside a Chinese “shanty”) where a self-respecting visitor may put up, nor is there a decent site available on which to build one—bar ground held by one of the larger firms which, apparently, cannot see enough inducement for such a project.

Water conservation was mooted many years ago; but that was as far as it got, and a “fortnight’s drought” means that water must be carried. With a dry spell, such, as we have had in the past, it might be cheaper (and probably healthier) to drink whisky.

There is no public electric light, so no X-ray in the hospital. One of the more philanthropic firms did offer to install a plant, against a guarantee of £5OO worth of light per annum from the Government, but it was turned down.

We have “Heath Robinson” wireless communication with the outside world, but it has to be relayed before it can reach Australia, so in the event of a Pacific war its usefulness might be somewhat restricted. Inter-island wireless should have been installed years ago; but there are at last signs of wakefulness.

True, we have a pretty little golf course for officials and “approved” outsiders, and also a cricket ground and 65 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19 38.

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tennis courts, but that exhausts our pretensions to being an up-to-date centre of a wealthy little community. “Dead Possum Flat”, away in the Never-never, may boast of a public hall or School of Arts, but if one of its inhabitants visited Tulagi he wouldn’t even find a public convenience.

BUT Time marches on* and we are told that a road is to be built between Tulagi and Sand-fly Passage, or the mangrove swamp bordering it; distance said to be seven miles, by hill-side, swamp and jungle. The sum-total of its usefulness apparently will be a means to give Tulagi people exercise. But the first little obstacle to be surmounted is a bridge and causeway over three-quarters of a mile, or thereabout, of shallow water, which separates Tulagi from the mainland. Nothing short of a very substantial job would be worth a row of pins to 'stand the wash kicked up by strong south-easters down the harbour, nor does the soft sand-stone available lend itself to strength, unless quarried in huge blocks.

Leaving out the two to three hundred yards bridge necessary, this spasm alone would gnaw a nasty gap in our £70,000 surplus.

As for the rest of it, those who have seen the type of country referred to, and have experienced a tropical downpour, can easily imagine the cost of keeping the proposed road in order, to say nothing of the cost of building it.

What makes the project all the more astonishing is the fact that for months past it has been apparent that our one important industry (copra) is in for another price drought, which, but for the grace of a short spasm of good prices, is a continuation of the last one, but with this difference. Before the last depression set in, most of us had some sort of reserve up our sleeves. That was eaten up and we went well into debt. The improved price did not last long enough to get us out of it. So this time we start off behind scratch and with the certain knowledge that we will not be allowed to run into further debt. It will be a case of “root, hog. or die!”

During the last depression a number of unfortunate individuals lost their all.

The Government did practically nothing for us—unless a sacrifice of the notorious profits of one year’s rentals can be called anything—and it might easily be that it will have to do much more this time.

If, like Mr. Workman, Mr. Ashley is desirous of building himself a memorial before he retires, next year* then he is late in thinking about it; but a review of the foregoing should make it very clear that a much worthier and less Costly project would not be hard to hit upon than this almost entirely useless road. Sandfly Passage holds nothing but a slight change of scenery and, even if this were all-absorbing, a shade over an hour’s run in a medium-paced launch gives a very much better and more comfortable view of it than the proposed road could offer-—even if it didn’t end in a mangrove swamp.

But perhaps all this is premature and unjust, and possibly it is not Mr. Ashley’s intention to do more than connect Tulagi with the mainland, with the longheaded intention of eventually pushing the various spasms of Chinatown off the island—a most necessary procedure if Tulagi is ever to be the happy and upto-date white settlement it should be.

But we despair of any improvement under the present form of Government.

So long as the Solomons remain under the domination of the far-too-distant and disinterested Fiji, just so long will Tulagi continue to be an El Dorado for Chinese and a nursery for official intertia.

Staff Movements In N.G. Public Service.

THE following particulars concerning staff appointments and transfers in the New Guinea Public Service was issued by the Government Secretary, Rabaul, on February 16:— TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS.

Public Health Dept.:—-Mrs. Sinclair. Nurse, Salamaua; Mrs. T. Sedgers, Housekeeper: Mrs.

E. E. Pike, Nurse.

District Services Dept.;—Miss O. Burston, Typist: V. M. I. Gordon, Storeman, Salamaua.

Public Works Dept.:—T. G. Blackett, Overseer Native Labour: N. Macauley, Carpenter; A.

Ericksson, Mechanic.

Agriculture Dept.:—J. L. Lillecrappe, Assistant, Keravat Plantation.

Customs Dept.;—H. H. Dale, Schooner Engineer.

PERMANENT STAFF TRANSFERS.

Treasury Dept.:—A. J. Clarke. Senior Mechanic (Telephones), RabaUl to Morobe District.

Public Health Dept.:—Dr. N. V. McKenna, Medical Officer, Rabaul to Wau; Dr. A. G.

Schroeder, Medical Officer, Wau to Manus; Dr.

H. S. Roberts, Medical Officer, Manus to Rabaul; I. Clark, Medical Assistant (Grade 1), Rabaul to Kavieng; F. E. Cattell, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Wewak; C. M. Pines, Medical Assistant (Grade 1), Kavieng to Rabaul.

District Services and Native Affairs Dept.:— J. L. Taylor, Assistant District Officer, Rabaul to Madang; K. W. T. Bridge, Assistant District Officer, Rabaul to Wewak; M. S. Edwards. Patrol Officer, Rabaul to Madang: J. R- Black, Patrol Officer, Rabaul to Madang: H. E. Woodman. Assistant District Officer, Wewak to Rabaul; K. W. Bilston, Patrol Officer, Rabaul to Kieta.

Lands, Surveys, and Mines Dept.:—N. T.

Fisher, Geologist, Rabaul to Wau; J. W. Ecclestone. Surveyor. Rabaul to Morobe District.

Agriculture Dept.:—G. F. H. Gee, Inspector and Instructor, Rabaul (Keravat Plantation) to Manus; F. C. Henderson, Inspector and Instructor, Manus to Rabaul.

POLICE FORCE TRANSFERS.

J. K. Theckston, Warrant Officer (2nd Class), Rabaul to Wau; H. R. Taylor, Warrant Officer (Ist Class), Wau to Rabaul; D. Munro, Warrant Officer (2nd Class), Wau to Rabaul; C.

Normoyle, Warrant Officer (2nd Class), Rabaul to Kokopo; D. McDougall, Warrant Officer (2nd Class), Rabaul to Wau.

The February output of dry rubber from Koitaki Para Rubber Estates, Ltd., Papua, was 32,343 lb. 66 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Tennis again Betty? I simply haven't the energy I even wake tired. 1| I was the same M until the j|| Doctor put me pSI on Horlicks — ||P|| now I feel splendid , Vr i - Betty is always ready for a game, even when the weather is most trying. Her houndless energy makes her the envy of other women, and a popular partner on the courts.

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Guards Against Night-Starvation

Search For An Ideal

ISLAND.

From Our Own Correspondent HONOLULU, March 1.

MR. H. B. HENRY, of Newport Beach, California, is tired of the glamorous life of southern California which is overshadowed by super-glamorous Hollywood.

This week Mr. Henry decided to make a move. He penned a letter to the commissioner of public lands, Hawaii, and asked if there is an island for sale upon which he could make his dreams come true, his dreams of peace and bliss.

The commissioner tugged his beard, combed his files. None in the Hawaiian group is for sale. Next best, the commissioner discovered, are the Palmyra Isles, 52 of them, clustered 1,000 miles south of Honolulu and near Kingman’s Reef, and north-west of Fanning Island.

Fifty of the 52 are for sale. They belong to Mr. and Mrs. Fullard-Leo, of Honolulu, who, up to date, have had offers from an American nudist colony, a gambling outfit with ideas of establishing a mid-Pacific Monte Carlo in the exotic isjes, and so on, but the highpressure schemes folded up.

The Fullard-Leos report that if citysick Mr. Henry has the right price, the isles will be his. Price is something like 75,000 dollars for the 50. (The remaining two belong to the Honolulu estate of the late Judge Henry E.

Cooper, prominent in kingdom of Hawaii affairs.) The Fullard-Leos admit a New York firm is dickering for the isles, and this is said to be Pan American Airways, who, as early as 1934, started conversations for the Palmyra deal. The company is said to be dissatisfied with exposed Kingman’s Reef as an air base on the route to New Zealand from Hawaii, but Pan American want the Palmyra price lowered.

The Palmyra isles, incidentally, are within the city limits of Honolulu, of which famed Duke Kahanamoku is illustrious sheriff.

CANBERRA AND A COOK.

CANBERRA’S system of appointing inexperienced ex-politicians as adminstrators of territories, and then sitting on their necks and denying them authority to do anything worth while, was demonstrated recently. Mr Abbott, the ex-M.P. who now rules at Darwin, wanted to employ a temporary cooklaunderess. Tlhe matter became the subject of much correspondence in a bulky official file, and eventually the Minister at Canberra made the appointment.

Could bureaucratic fatuity go further?

Mr. David Stewart, sales manager of Holbrooks, Ltd., left Sydney by the “Malaita” on March 19 for a tour through the Solomons, to Rabaul, N.G., where he will connect with the “Montoro”, returning to Sydney via N.G. and Papuan ports. 67 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Dec. 22. ♦Jan. 29. Feb. 23.

Ore treated, tons , . 1,700 1,663 1,875 Gold, fine, oz. . ., , 1,999 1,700 2,408% Dwt. a ton ., . 23.53 21.03 25.69 Silver, fine, oz. , 755 591 459 Tailings, assay. dwt 3.4 1.5 1.75 ♦Mill shut down six days to convert elevator housing from wood to steel.

Operations affected by wet season.

Dec. 25.

Jan. 26.

Feb. 23.

Tons crushed .. . . 2,400 11,426 12,113 Head value, dwt. 8.8 6.8 6.8 Yield, oz. (est.) 951 3,044 3,798 Dwt., a ton .. .. 8 5.33 6.27 Tailings, dwt. .. . 0.63 0.53 Mining Ore Treatment Machinery

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After visiting Sydney and Melbourne, the French sloop “Rigault de Genouilly” sailed from Australia for New Caledonia early in March. From Noumea she will go on to France.

Islands Mining

NOTES From Fiji.

LOLOMA (FIJI) GOLD MINES N.L.

EXCELLENT -results continue to be met with in the development of the bottom (224 ft.) level of Loloma (Fiji) Gold Mines N.L. at Tavua. The S. drive off the main E. crosscut at 60 ft. has been extended to 658 ft.

Average assay value for the last 18 ft. of driving is reported as 43 dwt. over a width of 102 in. The ore body in which the present development is proceeding is known as the Southern shoot.

A gratifying feature of the lode in the 224 ft. level is that it is both wider and of higher value than at the corresponding points in the 120 ft. level. Driving has proceeded for a distance of 196 ft. since the shoot was first entered, and its extremity has not been reached. In the 120 ft. level it extends over a length of approximately 400 ft.

Shareholders are awaiting an announcement by the Co. of its first dividend before Easter (April), as forecast by the chairman (Mr.

P. F. Cody) at the annual meeting in December. In this connection it is interesting to consider the profit which it is reasonable to expect from the Co.’s operations to date.

From the commencement of treatment operations early in September until the last clean-up for the period ended February 23, the Co. produced 9,095 oz. fine gold, valued at £A78,220. Assuming all-in costs at £2/5/- a ton, the treatment of 8,098 tons of ore would absorb £A18,220, leaving a profit of £60,000.

This should be raised to £78,000 from the results of the next four-weekly production period, which will be reported before Easter.

The Co. should thus have ample funds in hand for the payment of a dividend of 1/- a share, which would require £41,250. It is expected that the first declaration will be at this rate, with further dividends of 1/- a share declared quarterly. Bonuses from time to time might also be expected.

Royalty and export duty on gold produced in Fiji is at the rate of 6 per cent, on gross value. The Fiji Administration will, therefore, benefit to the extent of approximately £6,000 from Loloma production from the commencement of treatment operations until Easter.

The result of the February clean-up, which is the Co.’s fifth, is compared hereunder with those of the two preceding four-weekly periods:— EMPEROR GOLD MINING CO. LTD.

Satisfactory results are reported from the Emperor mine at Tavua as a result of the clean-up for the four-weekly period ended February 23. Exceeding its scheduled throughput of ore, Emperor Gold Mining Co. raised its recovery rate from 5.33 dwt. gold a ton in the preceding period to 6.27 dwt.

Treating 12,113 long tons of ore in its second clean-up with the full plant, the Co. recovered bullion estimated to contain 3,798 fine oz. of gold. The plant is designed to treat 3,000 tons a week. The February result is compared in the following table with those of the two preceding periods, the first of which represents the operation of the original pilot plant only;— The fall in the head value of the ore treated on the commencement of operations by the new plant was explained by a report issued recently by the Co., which stated that a large amount of 3 to 4 dwt. ore had been allowed to accumulate from overburden removal for delivery to the new mill during its breaking-in period. The maintenance of the lower head value during the period under review suggests that this class of material was still being treated.

The low assay value of the tailings, 0.53 dwt. a ton, indicates that little or no trouble has been experienced in bringing the new plant into operation.

From New Guinea

Enterprise Of New Guinea Gold And

PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT N.L.

A CALL of 5/- a share has been made by Enterprise of New Guinea Gold and Petroleum Development N.L. The call, which will bring in £5,280 and will make the £5 shares paid to £2/5/- a share, is understood to be due to expenditure on the Co.’s Edie Creek quartz mine. The directors are planning to send an independent engineer to New Guinea to report on the mine before incurring expense for plant. The Co. at present has between £3,000 and £4,000 on hand.

A report issued early in March stated:— Production of unrefined retorted alluvial gold from all sources for February was 32 oz. 11 dwt. from 1,147 cubic yards wash dirt and 3,495 overburden. A clean-up of the cyanide vats will be made during March.

N.G. GOLDFIELDS LTD.

In mid-February, the Mining Trust Ltd., consulting engineers to New Guinea Goldfields 68 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Ltd., reported:— Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Edie Creek mill— Gold, oz., fine .. .. 1,109 1,190 1,181 Silver, oz., fine .. 3,218 3,951 4,126 Alluvial — Gold, oz., fine . .. 1,132 1,337 1,274 Silver, oz., fine .. 833 961 904 Gold Ridges mill— Gold, oz., fine .. . 377 296 308 Silver, oz., fine 374 346 359 Operating profit— Edie Creek ,. £2,013 £2,329 £2,502 Alluvial . 5,308 5,540 5,503 Gold Ridges .. 1,882 1,199 1,018 4 weeks Month 5 weeks ended of ended Dec. 24. Jan. Mar. 10.

Morobe Alluvials— Hours 450 625 545 Cubic yard .... 6,000 7,500 4,720 Gold, oz 100 110 120 Morobe Deposits— Hours 490 450 470 Cubic yard .... 4,500 3,000 2 500 Gold, oz 35 25 35 Cub. yd. Hours. Gold, oz.

December .. .. 19,000 482 258.8 January .. .. 24,000 571 428 February .. .. 9,500 398 397.5 52,500 1,451 1084.3 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

Cubic yards .. 19,981 26,558 15,150 18,441 Gold, oz 271 377 249 258 Per cub. yd. 2/0 Va 2/1 Va 2/5 »/ 2 2/1 >/ 2 Working cost .. 1/5 1/2 1/6 1/5 Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Cubic yards .. . . 826,400 862,800 897,000 Bullion, oz. 16,404 15,096 11,624 Gold, fine, oz. 11,319 10,408 8,020 VALUE— Aust. currency* .. . £99,041 £91,070 £70,175 Value, per c. yd. /28.7 /25.3 — Working profit . £62,343 £65,493 £52,421 Dec.

Jan.

Peb.

Mill treated, tons i. .. 2,450 2,611 3,062 Bullion, oz .. 2,316 2.698 3,305 Gold, fine, oz 713 788 918 Silver, fine, oz .. 1,368 1,587 1,876 Estimated value .. £5,769 £6,374 £7,438 Value per ton ., .. , ... 47/1 48/10 48/7

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BULOLO GOLD DEPOSITS LTD.

The March report of Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd., New Guinea compared production as under:— The return from Morobe Deposits includes the balance of clean-up from the previous month, which was incomplete.

SUNSHINE GOLD DEVELOPMENT LTD.

The quarterly return furnished by Sunshine Gold Development Limited, New Guinea, shows:— SANDY CREEK GOLD SLUICING LTD.

The mine manager of Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Limited, New Guinea, has issued comparative production figures as follows: An interim dividend of IVad. per share was paid to shareholders on March 17. Transfer books were closed between March 8 and 17.

BULOLO GOLD DREDGING LTD.

Production of the dredges of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd., for February, compared with that of the previous two periods, as follows; *At £AB/15/- per fine ounce.

The recently completed No. 5 dredge will not be operating at full capacity until the end of April. No. 6 dredge will probably commence digging early in April.

February treatment included 154,000 c. yds. tailings.

From Papua BORNEO OPTIONS NX.

BORNEO OPTIONS NX., has completed a 90 days’ testing option over two Papuan areas comprising a total of 125 acres reported to contain large deposits of payable manganese ore, also a gold property of 77 acres. Both areas are situated about 39 miles from Port Moresby and are accessible by good roads.

The Company intends to arrange immediately for an examination of the areas by a competent engineer. The purchase for the option over the areas is £6OOO cash. In the event of the option being exercised, the total consideration payable is £B,OOO worth of fully paid up shares.

Shares in the Company were in good demand following the above announcement.

MANDATED ALLUVIALS NX.

Shareholders of Mandated Alluvials NX., Papua, at a meeting held in Sydney in February, decided to raise £3,000 by the issue of 300 £lO debentures for six months and carrying 10 per cent, interest. The revenue is required to meet immediate expenditure prior to production, which was expected to begin towards the end of the month.

The chairman (Mr. S. H. Carroll) stated that when production began it was estimated 1,020 tons of ore would be treated in 17 days, giving a net profit of £4,000. Capital had to be raised prior to production to meet wages, etc., and as the issue of further share capital would entail considerable delay the directors had decided to raise the money by debentures within the Company. He pointed out that it would be dangerous to allow the debentures to be taken up outside the Company. Messrs. L. E.

H. Smith and A. Cheetham were appointed trustees for the debenture holders. About £l,OOO was promised at the meeting, and shareholders were circularised to raise the remaining £2,000.

It was stated that with the assay value of 16,500 tons of readily accessible oxidised ore averaging 13 dwt. gold, 25 dwt. silver, and 1.25 per cent, copper, the total value of the Co.’s mine, Moresby King, in the Laloki district, 25 miles from Port Moresby, should be approximately £ 100,000. The value of the gold content may exceed the £83,600 originally estimated and, with a distinct possibility of obtaining additional tonnage during development, this figure may be substantially greater.

CUTHBERT’S MISIMA GOLDMINE LTD.

Figures issued by Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine Ltd. on March 4 showing February’s clean-up and its comparison with the December and January outputs were as follows: (Continued on Next Page.) 69 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19S &.

FIJI.

Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan.

Mid-Mar.

Emperor Mines . bl2/6 bl3/2 bl3/3 Koroere s3/6 s3/ sl/6 Loloma b20/ bl7/ S23/6 Mt. Kasi .. .. b5/4 b4/ll b4/2 Vatu Kasia 82/ sl/9 sl/3 Bulolo Deposits ..

NEW GUINEA, bl/ b 1/11/ 2 blld.

Bulolo G.D. .. b£ 4/14/6 b £ 6/3/ s£7 B n t e r p r ise of N.G b£2/15/ bl5/ bl7/6 Guinea Gold bl2/& bl2/6 S13/11 N.G.G., Ltd. b2/4 bl/6 bl/5 Oil Search .. b7/7 b6/7 b5/ll Placer Dev. .. . b£3/12/ b£3/14/6 b£3/15/ Sandy Ck b2/3V 2 bl/6 bl/6 Sunshine Gold bll/4 bll/6 bll/3 Cuthbert’s .. ..

PAPUA.

S19/9 b20/6 b21/ G.M. of Papua . b9/10 blO/2 b8/6 Mandated All. . b2/8 b2/ b 1/41/a Oriomo Exp. . .. b3/3 b3/5 b2/4 Yodda Gold Co. b2d b3/5 s6d I I

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GOLD MINES OF PAPUA LTD.

Cabled advice received in Sydney on March 14 by Alluvial Tin (Australia), Ltd., from the general manager of Gold Mines of Papua Limited, Misima Island, Eastern Papua, states that to March 12, 1,100 tons of ore had been crushed. The plant was operating well, and the residues carried very low gold values. The first clean-up will be made at the end of the month. Production had been somewhat hampered on account of a shortage of native labour, but the position was improving.

PAPUAN APINAIPI PETROLEUM CO. LTD.

A report issued at the end of February by Papuan Apinaipi Petroleum Co. Ltd., an Australian concern seeking oil in Papua, stated that the second bore was down to 150 ft. on February 20, the first gas showing at a depth of 80 ft. Boring is being continued to the full depth. The first bore was put down to 509 ft.

YODDA GOLDFIELDS LTD.

Advice has been received from Papua that the gold production of Yodda Goldfields Limited during February was 49 ounces.

MOROBE NEWS.

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, Mar. 2.

MR. DOUG. MUIR, popular young mechanic of Stephens Aviation Ltd., has been accepted by the Royal Air Force, England.

He will leave on the next “Montoro” for Sydney, and then go on to London.

Mr. Allan Clarke, who is connected with the District Office as telephone mechanic, has returned from three months’ leave spent in Queensland.

Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Fraser, of Edie Creek, have received many congratulations on the arrival of a daughter.

Mrs. Bill Heinicke has left by the “Neptuna” for Rabaul where she will join her husband on a newly acquired plantation.

Mr. and Mrs. Bob Morgan and Mr lan Crawford, all of Greenwood and Laws’ staff at Wau, are at present spending three months’ well-earned leave in Australia.

Mr. and Mrs. N. H. Fisher have returned to Wau to take up permanent residence. Several weeks ago Mr. Fisher made a rush trip to Rabaul in connection with the recent rumblings of Vulcan. He is the Administration’s geologist, and recently made a report on the Rabaul eruptions.

Mr. W. T. Bell, of Burns, Philp and Co.

Ltd., returned by the last “Macdhui” after three months’ furlough in Sydney. He was accompanied by his bride.

Mr. and Mrs. Hilary Parr also returned on the “Macdhui” after three months’ furlough in Sydney. He is on the staff of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd.

Mr. Chas. West, of Burns, Philp and Co.

Ltd., who has been relieving at the Salamaua branch for some time, has returned to Rabaul by the “Macdhui”.

Mr. J. M. Bourke is erecting a new home for himself and his wife on one of the highest hills near Wau. A most beautiful view is obtained from the spot.

Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Day recently returned to Wau from Wewak much the worse in health for their stay in the Sepik district. Mrs.

Day left for Sydney on the “Macdhui”, for health reasons.

Mr. Val. Parkinson, of Burns, Philp and Co.

Ltd.’s shipping department, has returned to the Salamaua branch after relieving at Rabaul for some eight months.

A mild epidemic of that old trouble, “flu”, has been making itself felt in Wau. It has swept right through the town.

Quotations for Islands Gold Shares.

"Old Timers" Meet At

SOLOMONS PARTY.

Prom a Special Correspondent.

TULAGI, Feb. 20.

MR. H. KUPBR, a well-known planter of Makira Island, gave a party recently at the “Sam Doo” Hotel in Tulagi to celebrate the 21st. birthday of his son Geoffrey. The latter had just returned with H. Wheatly from Fiji where they both passed with honours at the Central Medical School.

It was a real gathering of “old timers”. There were present the following pioneers who have spent many years in B.SJ.:—H. Kuper (27 years), J.

Ellis (37 years), M. Neilsen (25 years), Mason Robinson (30 years), L. Schroder (29 years), J. Mutch (23 years), and C. Bird (16 years). Others at the function were Brother Michael, who has been in the group for four years and Mr. E. Spence, (brother of the late “Bill”

Russell), of Morobe, New Guinea.

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Books For The

ISLANDS Carnegie Library Service.

A “CARNEGIE library service”, for residents in the Australian Pacific territories has been organised by the librarian of the Commonwealth National Library (Mr. Kenneth Binns) and it is now being put into operation.

The service, for a start, is nonfictional. The books deal with a very wide variety of subjects and the catalogues (which have been printed in large numbers, for all prospective readers) have been carefully chosen recently, by competent persons. Whereever desirable, two copies of particular nooks have been purchased. A large supply of fiction will follow shortly.

The books have been divided into two main sections —about 500 volumes in each section. One section has been sent to Papua, Norfolk Island, Nauru and Central Australia; and the other is for New Guinea and Northern Territory.

It has been arranged that a supply of books will be available immediately at the following places:— Library Institute, Port Moresby.

Library Institute, Samarai.

Norfolk Island Library.

Nauru.

Central Australia.

Palmerston Institute, Darwin.

Agnes Wisdom Library, Rabaul.

Apparently, as other centres —such as Kavieng, Wau, Madang—obtain library institutes, supplies of books will be made available.

Residents of the territories, desiring to borrow these books, should write to the nearest library which carries a supply, and they will be told the cost of tne subscription and the methods of sending and returning the books, and they will receive a printed catalogue.

The Papua-Norfolk-Nauru section, at the end of a year, will be sent to New Guinea and Darwin; while the New Guinea-Darwin lot will go to Papua.

The books have been provided by a grant of £1,500 from the Carnegie Trust, while the Commonwealth Government is providing - for all administrative expenses.

A consignment of fiction will follow soon, and there will be further consignments at intervals of a few months.

All the books have been treated with a special preparation ! to ward off tropical mould and insects. It discolours the books slightly, but it is quite harmless.

AEROPLANE CRASHES.

A GUINEA AIRWAYS Fox Moth, with Pilot E. W. Ditton in charge, crashed near Surprise Creek, Morobe, goldfield, New Guinea, on March 12. The plane fell near a native village, and although it burst into flame the pilot was only slightly burned, as the natives pulled him clear. He was later flown to Wau Hospital. £100 Stolen From Port Moresby Hotel Guest.

A PURSE containing £lOO in notes was stolen from a room in the Papua Hotel on the afternoon of February 28 (says the “Papuan Courier”). The money was the property of Miss Ela Gotten, who arrived from Wau by ’plane that morning to catch the “Macdhui” for Australia.

The robbery occurred some time between 3 and 5 o’clock in the afternoon, during which time Miss Gofton was in another part of the hotel, having left the purse inside her handbag in her room.

Upon returning for her handbag, which was still there, she discovered that the purse containing the notes —mainly of £lO and £5 denominations —had gone. So far the police have made no arrest.

Mr. Reginald Stevens, formerly of the Papuan Public Service, married Miss Nancy Hurd, of Chatswood, Sydney, at Ela Protestant Church, Port Moresby, on February 26. Rev. D. E. Ure performed the ceremony.

Mr. K. Diercke, manager of Squally Island plantation, arrived in Australia from Rabaul, New Guinea, by the last “Macdhui”.

Mr. W. A. Bock was the recipient of several gifts from the congregation of Ela Protestant Church, Port Moresby, Papua, on February 27, to mark th,e completion of his 25 years’ service as church organist. 71 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

K^i 7/6, or Set of 4 for 28/6.

Write for full illustrated lists of games for all purposes.

Bakelite Moulded Roulette Wheels 21/-. Write for full detailed list of all Roulette Wheels and indoor games for Hotels, Ballrooms, Clubs, etc., etc. -1 Like-a-flash Eliminoise’

Aerial Kit. for short or dual wave sets.

Aerial Pyrex type Insulators, transposi t i o n blocks and 200 ft. aerial wire, 22/6. Eliminates unwanted aerial and hideous electrical jtoises from your dual-wave or short-wave set. ocaSDS) CSQXXD (aSSSXD Cork Faced Dart Boards with set of darts, 9/6. Others 10/6, 12/6, 15/-. Professional Model 38/6, Darts extra.

C» “Totem”, the newest and most thrilling Race Game for Home, parties, clubs, hotels, billiardrooms, etc., 21/-. Write for leaflet French-made Black Pegamoidcovered Binoculars, Black Japanned Mounts and Tubes. Fitted with Adjustable Jointed Bars, 45/-, or Fixed Bar, 42/-. Write for full illustrated leaflet.

Write for full list of Radio publications. The Wireless Constructors’ Encyclopedia 7/6. The Television and Short-Wave Handbook 8/6. The Everyman’s Wireless Book 5/6. The Dictionary of Wireless 5/-.

“Chancette’’, a new Crown and Anchor Spinning Wheel Game 15/-. Electric Speedway Race Game 20/-, 25/-.

Reconditioned Gramophones, all excellent makes 35/-!, complete, ready for use. Packing 3/6 extra, plus freight. ■i ROLETTE. You back your fancy in the numbers and colors of three balls. The game ejects 3 colored balls. 47/6. For homes, hotels, clubs, etc. Complete with betting sheet and instructions. as/** Everlasting All Metal Cigarette Makers. Makes Cigarettes just like the factory, in a jiffy. Made in England; Vest Pocket size 6/6.

“Like-a-Flash” Long Life Radio Batteries, 45 volts. Light Duty 7/3, Heavy Duty 10/6. Triple Duty 12/6.

DICE GAMES.

Crown and Anchor Dice Game 10/6 a set. Head and Tail Gambling Dice, small 9/6, set of 5.

Large Size 12/6 set of 5. Crown and Anchor Dice 1/3 each. We stock all kinds of Dice.

Mantle Model Electric Superheterodyne Radios £l3/10/-. Value NOW £ 8/10/. 12 mths. g’tee.

Electric Super Het.

Radios, complete chassis, valves and speaker, £lO/10/-. Fitted in cabinets, 50/- extra. All sets guaranteed twelve months. buy assembled Lakes 1-valve All-wave Battery- Radio. Plug in coils for all wave lengths. All metal work ready drilled. Coils ready made. Easiway charts, 6d.

Free with kit. Parts 40/1, Valve 12/-, Battery 11/9, Phones 80/-, complete and built £5.

Build or buy ready made the Linguist 3, all-World Battery Operated Radio. Cover from 64 to 15 meters. All parts, 58/4 ; batteries, 19/-; Valves, 51/6; Phones, 32/6; Speaker, 20/-. If to be assembled by us add 30/- extra.

HOME BROADCASTING.

Microphones for speech or music, play into any radio. 25/-; circular type as illustrated. Hand holding and hanging type, 22/6. Others 12/6 and 15/. With N 1 c ke 1 1 e d stand 42/, 45/. ‘man-o-iDPfT

Rubber Clpd

fiERIQL 40 STRODDS 50rr. 5o (00 FT I0 7 - „cy-vo* ?

Adjustable all way Morse Code Key as illustrated, 12/6. P.

M.G. Type. 19/6. Buzzer. 2/6, 2/9, 3/6, 7/6. Siemens British P.M.G, Dept. Surplus Morse Set with Sullivan Special Low Resistance Headphones, 38/6 set.

Buy assembled or build the Air Patrol 2 - valve Battery - operated Radio for all short-wave stations and broadcasts. Easy to operate, change over switch. All parts £4/1/6, Valves 28/9, Batteries £2/15/9, Phones 30/-, Speaker 21/3.

The set assembled and complete, £l2/14/9.

Pickup Heads, fit all standard Gramo phone tone ental 10/6, 12/6.

English Cosmo cord 11/6, 19/6.

English “Goldring” 16/6, 18/6, 19/6, with selfcontained Volume Control 21/and 25/- with separate volume control.

English Electric Gramophone motors complete with all fittings. 39/6.

Write for full list of Electric Radio Gramophone Turn tab les, and units.

British Manufactured bell shaped Lightning Arresters, fixed in a jiffy for in or outside mounting, 6/3.

We guarantee at lea st 20 per cent, off the be s t prices of all rep lacement v a 1 ues.

Send along your order. We g u a rantee satisfaction.

Batteryless Hand Holding Microphone for speech or music. 45/- value for 22/-.

C\ eo As illustrated. Hand Holding Microphone with long lead fitted. Splendid Reproducer, 22/6. Batteryless Model.

Excel lent English Mic r o p h o ne.

Table Model, with selfconta i n ed pre - amplifier Unit in Base: 38/6.

These Microphones suit all sets. The leads plug into the Pickup terminals of the set.

Write for full illustrated list of the finest range of microphones available.

RICSSON HEAD mo«n I J&viiuL Ericssons Professional Phones, 32/6; B.T.H. and S.T.C., 30/-; all 4000 ohms. 6ft. phone cords, 2/6. Rubber Phone Caps, 2/.

Lissen Headphones, 19/6.

Fyrex type Glass Insulators: 3in., 1/- 4in., 3/6, sin., 6/6.

Glass egg type 3 for 7iin. 1 /-.

Genuine CZUUIIaI 3 ins «'ns i Pyrex 30/- COSMOCORD' 25 ‘Like a Flash” British make 25/- Gramophone Pickups complete Richards, just arrived 25/- “Cosmocord” 25/- "Cosmocord” De Luxe 32/6 “Cosmocord” high definition _.... 38/6 “Cosmocord” Super de Luxe 45/- Amplion (English) 28/6 B.T.H. bakelite models 32/6 Write for Punch Board Leaflets

Levenson S Radio

Write for Pin-Game, Totem and Odds and Evens Leaflets

Games, Novelties And Hobbies

226 PITT STREET, SYDNEY Manufacturers, Importers, and Exporters.

Branches: Radio Cheapside, 240 a Pitt St.

“ wvvvvvwvwwvw ' N.S.W., AUSTRALIA Cable address: “Leveradioh.” Goods forwarded V.P.P. or Sight Draft. Satisfaction, and Service Guaranteed. We can supply by mail all General Merchandise at a Better Price. Quotations with pleasure.

Please add freight and packing. Write for full list of interesting leaflets of Games, Hobbies and Novelties. 72 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 19S 8.

Wonder-Struck

WINNERS i.

A \'<iKi ,UOV i in Lottery Lane / i\J ) |T\ J Mostly “go gay" on the wealth Ajjl f they obtain.

A ' Quickly and wisely invested aright.

Lottery winnings will seldom take flight.

Wonder-struck winners, if wise, will beware, And for their wintertime ailment? prepare; Laying-by treatment relief to assure— Bottles of Woods’ Great Peppermint Cure, Woods’ Great Peppermint Cure, For Influenza, Colds.

Australian Short Wave Broadcast April 10 to May 7.

AUSTRALIAN National Short Wave Programme, broadcast from Melbourne, Victoria, on 31.34 metres for listeners in the Western Pacific. Call sign: VLR.

P.M. Daily Weekdays

12.35 Recorded Music. 1,00 Time Signal, and News Bulletin. 1.05 Interstate Weather. 1.15 Music. 3.00 (Monday, Tuesday, and Friday) Broadcast to Schools. 3.20 (Tuesday and Friday) Classic Music. 5.00 Close (Monday and Wednesday, 5.15). 6.30 Comment by "The Watchman.” 6.45 (Tuesday excluded) Sporting News. 7.00 (Saturday excluded) News, Markets, and Weather for North Australia. 7.20 Overseas News Service. 7.30 Queensland and North Australian News. 7.40 (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) Talk. 7.40 (Tuesday and Thursday) News in French for New Caledonia and New Hebrides. 8.50 (Usually) Musical Programme. 10.30 Australasian News Service. 10.50 Musical Programme. 11.30 Close.

P.M. Every Saturday

12.45 Music. 1.15 —5.15 Description of current sporting and athletic events, interspersed with music. 6.30 Markets Summary. 7.10 New Zealand Mail Bag. 7.35 Sporting Highlights of the Week. 10.50 Australasian Mail Bag. 11.00 Dance Music. 12.00 Close. p.m. EVERY SUNDAY 6.00 Musical Programme by various State Orchestras. 6.30 Talk on International Affairs. 6.50 News Bulletin. 7.00 “Alice in Orchestralia”. 7.30 Recordings of Overseas Artists. 8.30 Story. 10.15 News. 10.30 Close. (Times given are Australian Eastern Standard —10 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.) APRIL 10 TO MAY 7.

April 10 (Sun.) —8.45 p.m. Organ Recital by Arnold Coleman, with Strella Wilson, Soprano; 9.15 Play; 10.20 Epilogue.

Apr. 11 (Mon.) —1.30 p.m. V.T. & R.A. Trots at Ascot; 7.40 Talk—“ Nation Building in India”; 8 Serial; 8.30 Music Hall Programme; 9 Topical Revue; 9.30 Instrumental Ensemble.

Apr. 12 (Tues.)—B p.m. Brass Band Recital; 8.30 Concert; 9.20 Comedy Sketch; 9.40 Male Quartet.

Apr. 13 (Wed.) —1.30 p.m. Geelong Races; 7.40 Talk—“ Europeans in the Tropics”, by Dr. H.

Tan Hogbin; 8 Choral Presentation; 9.45 Travel Letter; 10 Phyllis McDonald (violinist).

Apr. 14 (Thurs.) —8 p.m. “The Play’s the Thing”; 9 Folk Songs; 9.15 Silver Sextet; 10 Talk on World Affairs.

Apr. 15 (Fri.) —Between 12.35 p.m. and 10.30 p.m. a special Good Friday programme of music and appropriate talks will be relayed.

Apr. 16 (Sat.) —1.30 p.m. Williamstown Races; 8 Symphony Hour; 9 Alexander Kipnis (Russian Bass); 10 Light Orchestral Music.

Apr. 17 (Sun.) —8.45 p.m. Tossy Spivakovsky (Violinist); 9 Vocalist; 9.20 “Soft Lights and Sweet Music”.

Apr. 18 (Mon.) —1.30 p.m. Williamstown and Onkapringa Races; 8 Serial; 8.30 “Radio Roadhouse”; 8.50 Travel Letter; 9 Topical Revue; 9.30 Instrumental Ensemble.

Apr. 19 (Tues.) —1.30 p.m. Epsom Races; 8.10 Musical Comedy (“Goodnight Vienna”); 9.15 Talk; 9.30 Violin Recital; 945 Everyman’s Mu- Apr. 20 (Wed.). —2 p.m. Mornington Races; 7.40 Talk —“Alfred Deakin” by Prof. Murdoch; 8 “Mirth and Melody”: 8.35 Comedy Sketch; 9 National Military Band; 9.30 Ballad Recital.

Apr. 21 (Thurs.) —8 p.m. “The Play’s the Thing”; 9.15 Gypsy Music; 9.45 “Chorus Gentlemen, Please’’; 10 Talk on World Affairs.

Apr. 22 (Fri.) —7.40 p.m. Talk—“ Power of Suggestion” by Mr. W. M. Bell; 9 Brass Band Music; 9.30 Nightlarks Male Quartet; 9.45 Light Orchestra.

Apr. 23 (Sat.) —1.30 p.m. Mentone Races; 8 Alexander Kipnis (Bass): Jascha and Tossy Spivakovsky (Piano and Violin); 9.45 Lieder Recital; 10 Instrumental Ensemble.

Apr. 24 (Sun.) —8.45 p.m. New Note Octet (Leader, Albert Fischer); 9.15 Radio Presentation of Recent Film.

Apr. 25 (Mon.) —1.30 p.m. Description of Anzac Day March; 8 Readings from “Gallipoli” (John Masefield); 9 Play—“ The Man With the Donkey”; 9.30 A.B.C. (Sydney) Symphony Orchestra interspersed with talk by Rt. Hon, W. M.

Hughes.

Apr. 26 (Tues.) —1.30 p.m. Kyneton Races; 8.10 Alexander Kipnis (Bass); 9.15 Everyman’s Music; 10.50 Dance Music.

Apr. 27 (Wed.) —1.30 p.m. Moonee Valley and Hamilton Races; 8 “As You Like It”; 8.40 “Emma and ’Erbert”; 9 National Military Band; 9.30 Beatrice Tange (Pianist).

Apr. 28 (Thurs.) —1.30 p.m. Hamilton Races; 8 Play—“ Farewell to the Boss”; 9 Eileen Boyd (Contralto); 9.15 Silver Sextet; 10 Talk on World Affairs.

Apr. 29 (Fri.). —7.40 p.m. Talk —-“Everyday Errors in Reasoning” by Mr. W. M. Bell; 8 Jim Davidson’s Dance Band; 9.45 Vocal Recital; 10.10 Organ Recital.

Apr. 30 (Sat.)—l.3o p.m. V.T. & R.A. Races at Ascot; 8 Symphony Hour; 9.10 Alexander Kipnis (Bass); 10 Everyman’s Music.

May 1 (Sun.) —8.30 p.m. Talk on International Affairs by Dr. G. L. Wood; 9 Organ Recital: 9.30 “Around the Organ with Sankey”.

May 2 (Mon.)—B p.m. Serial; 8.30 “At the Sign of the Maison Rouge”: 9 Topical Revue; 9.50 Travel Letter; 10.50 Military Band.

May 3 (Tues.) —1.30 p.m. Warrnambool Races; 8 Alexander Kipnis, Famous Russian Bass; 9 Everyman’s Music; 9.45 Ballad Recital.

May 4 (Wed.) —1.30 p.m. Warrnambool Races; 8 “As You Like It”; 8.40 Emma and ’Erbert; 9 National Military Band; 9.30 Marjorie Hesse (Violin) and Lorna McKean (Piano).

May 5 (Thurs.) —1.30 p.m. Warrnambool Races: 8 “The Play’s the Thing’’; 9 John Morley Quartette: 10.15 Dance Music.

May 6 (Fri.)—7.4o p.m. “The Art of Straight Thinking”—A Talk by Mr. W. M. Bell; 8.30 Organ Recital; 8.45 Ballad Recital; 9 Orchestral Hour; 10 Dance Music from the Studio.

May 7 (Sat.) —1.30 p.m. Moonee Valley Races; 8 George Szell, conducting A.B.C. (Melbourne) Symphony Orchestra; 9 Sketch; 9.20 Jascha and Tossy Spivakovsky, Piano and Violin.

BROADCAST OF COPRA PRICES.

SOUTH SEAS produce prices (including copra) are broadcast weekly from Sydney as the first item in the news bulletin from A.W.A.’s world range short-wave station VK2ME each Sunday at 9 p.m., and Monday at 1.30 a.m. (Sydney time). Operating on a 31.28 wave length (9590 kilocycles), VK2ME transmits a special programme on Sundays between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m. (0600-0800 G.M.T.) and 8 p.m. and midnight (1000-1400 G.M.T.); and on Mondays between 12.30 a.m. and 2.30 a.m. (1430-1630 G.M.T.).

SERIOUS AFFRAY IN SAMOA.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Feb. 27.

THE village of Saleimoa, 10 miles west of Apia, which was the scene of disturbances several months ago when natives tried to evict a family from the village, was again the scene of a serious affray between the same rival factions on February 20.

In the fight, stones, sticks, knives and axes were freely used, with the result that a large number of natives were seriously wounded by knife thrusts and stones. A detachment of Apia police was called to the scene by telephone, and they soon restored order. Eight Samoans were arrested.

Many of the injured were taken to Apia Hospital, where five (including two girls) were kept for treatment.

Mr. J. Bladier sailed from Sydney for Tulagi by the “Malaita” on March 19, en route to Vanikoro Island, Southern Solomons, for the Vanikoro Kauri Timber Co. 73 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

POSITION WANTED.

YOUNG MAN, single, competent Grocer and Storeman, used handling natives, desires position anywhere.

Pay own fares. Reply:— “GROCER”, C/- “P.1.M.”, Box 3408 R. G.P.0., Sydney.

Foe SAFETY and CONVENIENCE Wherever you may go within Australia or abroad, you will appreciate the safety and convenience of Bank of New South Wales Travellers’

Cheques.

These cheques being readily convertible into money, even after banking hours, at any place you may visit, relieve you of the necessity of carrying large sums in cash.

Bank of New South Wales Travellers’ Cheques are honoured throughout the world. They are cashed by banks, and the principal shipping and railway companies, hotels, stores, tourist offices, etc., everywhere.

CARRY travellers’ cheques Obtainable through any branch of the Bank. 272A.1937 ARCHBOLD'S AIRBOAT.

Prom Our Own Correspondent.

HONOLULU, Mar. 1.

RICHARD ARCHBOLD, young American who intends to fly transpacific to New Guinea in about a couple of months with an expedition from the American museum of natural history, is busy test-flying his latest twinengined airboat.

Lately he completed important hops which have beyond any doubt proved the worthiness of his plane. He flew nonstop from San Diego to Miami, Florida, more than 2,000 miles, in 14 hours, and from Florida he has made many “local” flights to Bermuda and West Indies isles; Mr. Donald J. Beaton, who in April last year took over the firm of Roberts’

Garage and Carrying Co., Rabaul, New Guinea, died in Namanula Hospital early in February. Previous to arriving in the Mandated Territory, he was for 20 years connected with transport businesses in India.

COPRA MARKET.

Political Confusion And Whale Oil Tend To Depress Rates.

THE price of copra remains depressed.

The rate that has been offered on the beach in some of the less fortunately placed groups during the past month has been so low that already certain planting interests are talking of “another depression”. One Solomon Islands trader in a letter to the Editor says: “My output costs me £6 per ton to land in Tulagi, without any allowance for white labour, and the price on offer in Tulagi this week is about £4/10/-. I have cut champagne out of my wine list!”

These depressed prices are not peculiar to copra—all staple commodities are affected. There has been, for example, a serious fall in the price of wool, wheat and base metals.

No one can explain the cause. Everyone agrees that the world of commerce is active and eager to trade, and that there is a demand everywhere for both primary and manufactured products.

Observers generally insist that the price levels must swing up again at a very early date.

So far as copra is concerned, it is the opinion of this journal that there are two main factors depressing the price—one is the very bad internal economic condition of the United States and France, and the other is the huge flood of whale oil that is coming out of the Antarctic. The first factor applies to all commodities; the second to copra especially.

Because there is comparative prosperity in all British countries we are inclined to overlook the alarming economic confusion —the result of political confusion—which exists in the United States and in France. In U.S.A., they actually are suffering another depression, the result apparently of the complete inability of the powers that be to adjust stiff-necked commerce to the new school of thought, which dominates the Government, on the subject of the wider distribution of wealth.

Much the same thing is happeningin France, where there has been another violent change of Government. In France the Communists now pretty well call the tune to which the Government pro tern dances. In America it is not as bad as that, but unquestionably there is a growing danger of actual strife between the property-owning classes and the masses.

The United States is the world’s biggest buyer of copra. American copra imports have fallen very markedly and a huge surplus of copra from various countries, and especially the Philippines, has been turned towards Europe. That fact alone has been sufficient to gravely disturb the market. France’s political troubles have not been so sharply reflected in decreased purchase of commodities, but apparently she is not importing so much copra.

So far as whale oil is concerned, the position can be summed up in a few words. Everyone knows that vastly increased fleets went to the Antarctic in November. Japanese interests announced on March 10 that already they had secured 70,000 tons of oil, as compared with 25,000 tons last year—with the result that the whale-oil market had slumped seriously. The Germans have done much the same.

It all seems to indicate that for a few months to come the price of copra will remain low.

PACIFIC RACES 7 ORIGIN.

“RELIGION and Social Organisation in Central Polynesia”, by the late Robert W. Williamson is highly praised by competent reviewers as “an intimate study of the anthropology of that region”.

Mr Williamson’s books show how the Caucasian (light skinned) type came into the Pacific, perhaps 2,000 years ago, partly displaced the negroid type, and introduced a culture shown to-day in monuments of great stones, huge carved stone statues, terraced irrigation, and organised agriculture. Mr. Williamson's previous books dealt with Polynesian social and cultural organisations. The present volume has more to do with religious views and spiritual values.

Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Clarke, of Robinson River, Papua, are spending furlough in Victoria. 74 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Buying.

Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £110 15 0 £112 0 0 On demand £110 12 6 £111 IT 6 Francs to f Australia on Papeete Australian Average for week ended 21/2/38 . . .. 119.71 Average for week ended 28/2/38 . . .. 120.42 Average for week ended 7/3/38 .. .. 120.64 Average for week ended H/3/38 .. .. 121.68 Average for week ended 21/3/38 • • .. 125.24 Francs to £ Australia on Noumea Australian Average for week ended 21/2/38 . . .. 119.66 Average for week ended 28/2/38 .. .. 120.37 Average for week ended 7/3/38 . • .. 120.59 Average for week ended 14/3/38 .. •• 121.12 Average for week ended 21/3/38 .. 125.18 Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £125 0 0 On Demand £123 0 0 124 17 6 30 days 122 15 0 124 15 0 60 days 122 10 0 124 12 6 90 days 122 5 0 124 10 0 120 days 122 0 0 124 7 6

Copra Bags

A. ABRAHAMS & SONS PTY. LTD. 401 Sussex St., Sydney, N.S.W.

Australia Australia’s largest firm of used bag merchants'can supply once used perfect quality sacks size 44 inch by 26i inches, guaranteed equally as good as new bags, at prices which will save you at least 1/6 per dozen as compared with new bag prices.

And remember the largest firm of bag merchants in the Southern Hemisphere guarantees perfect quality and satisfaction. These bags are perfectly clean and indistinguishable from new.

We also sell all classes of new hessian and calico bags.

Our cable address is “ABRAHAMS SYDNEY”, and inquiries from wholesale buyers or merchants are solicited.

Cigarettes from bond street, London. ★ Smoke the best at no extra cost! fiVflfllMW Vfl' 1 MEDIUM NAVY CUT CIGARETTES

The Big Cigarette

That Really Satisfies

rfrmyCluh CIGARETTES I W) VIRGINIA LEAF

The Cigarette

For Connoisseurs

GOLD FUSE Cigarettes CAVENDERS MAGNUMS 24/6 thousand. BLACK & WHITE 28/6 thousand.

ABDULLA VIRGINIAN 24/6 thousand. ARMY CLUB .. 24/6 thousand.

GOLD FLAKE .. 16/- thousand.

Prices per 1,000 F. 0.8. Sydney, Australian Currency.

Sole Agents for Pacific Islands: McLCOD BOLTON & Co. Ltd.

Pacific House, 249 George Street, Sydney.

ISLANDS PRODUCE Exchange Rates Coffee THE following quotations were obtained in Sydney during March: Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney:—Quote No. 1: 28/- per cwt.; quote No. 2- 90/- per cwt.

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.:—No. 1 quotations: Grade “A”, 51/-; grade “B”, 46/6; grade “C”, 43/-. Triage 36/-. No. 2 quotations: Grade “A”, 59/-; grade “B”, 49/-; grade “C”, 43/-. Triage, 37/- (drought coffee). No. 3 quotations: Grade “B’’, 46/-; grade “C”, 38/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.: No. 1 quotations; Grade “A”, 52/-; grade “B”, 56/-. No. 2 quotations: Grade “B”, 49/-; Triage, 40/-.

Arabian (Aden) Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney—No. 1 quotation: 62/per cwt. No. 2 quotation,- 61/- per cwt. * Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges: Exchange, duty (4d. lb.), primage (10 per cent.), landing costs (1/- per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on firm conversion of exchange, the c.i.f. official prices for kapok quoted in Sydney in mid-March, were;—Average Java 7&d. per lb., and prime Japara, 7 7-16 d. per lb.

Cocoa Quote No. 1: Cocoa beans, £36-£3B per ton.

Quote. No. 2: New Guinea cocoa, £36-£3B per ton.

Quote No. 3: Accra, good fermented £3l per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

Cotton During the month, London, c.i.f., cotton prices were:—February 18, 5.05 d. lb., March shipment; February 25, s.lid lb., April shipment; March 4,5.01 d lb., April shipment; March 11, 4.93 d lb., April shipment; March 18, 4.96 d. lb., April shipment.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 quotation: £B/10/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydnpy.

No. 2 quotation: £lO per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Green Snail Shell Green snail shell, good quality, was quoted by Sydney buyers in mid-March, at £5O-55 per ton.

Rice Rangoon nee: packed in 100 lb. bags, £l3 per ton; 200 lb. bags, £l2/15/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 56 lb. bags, £lB per ton.

Trochus Shell Nominal quotations for trochus shell obtained in Sydney from two different sources were: (a) Trochus, shell, No. 1 grade .. .. £9O Trochus shell, No. 2 grade .... £BO Trochus shell, No. 3 grade .. .. £7O (b) Trochus shell, No. 1 grade .. .. £9OV 2 Trochus shell, No. 2 grade .. .. £79»/ 2 Trochus shell, No. 3 grade .. .. £7OV 2 All quotes are f.0.b., and on the Australian £.

Mother of Peor! Shell.

At the last London sales of Mother of Pearl shell, a substantial supply of Torres Strait shell came forward and was sold at prices ranging from £2OO (Australian) for A. A.

Chicken to £145 (Aust.) for defective pickings, fair to good. Little dealing was done in Black Edged shell (Tahitian), and none at all in New Guinea shell. Darwin shell fetched £2lO (Aust.) for Ist. grade to £lOO (Aust.) for fair defective pickings.

The semi-tanker “Tambua” is nearing completion in a Dundee shipyard. She will carry molasses for the C.S.R. Co. between Fiji and Australia.

THE following exchange quotations, gathered in * Sydney, show the rates existing in March: FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

And Bank Of New Zealand

Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £Alll/2/6, selling £AII3.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London:

Direct Telegraphic Transfer

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth Bank

From Australia. Pt. Moresby £1 per cent. ; on Rabaul 10/- per cent.—Other New Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London:— Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI26/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia on Papua £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent. : Australia on Rabaul 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same as Australia on London and vice versa.

New Caledonia—Through

French Bank

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1£ per cent, (approx.) either way.

As quoted by the Comptoir National d’Escompte de Paris, in Sydney, and the Banque de I’lndochine, Noumea: On March 22, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 128.30 francs, £lOO Australian would purchase a draft In Noumea of 12,830 francs.

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa —buying £AIOO, selling £AIOO/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £ 100 in London:— 75 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

September 2 — , _ £13 17 6 £14 0 0 December 16 — £14 2 6 £14 5 0 January 6, 1933 £13 0 0 £13 12 6 March 3 _ £11 7 6 £11 10 0 June 30 £10 17 6 £11 0 0 September 29 £9 7 6 £9 10 0 December 1 £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 £8 0 0 £8 7 6 March 30 £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 27 _ _ £7 7 6 £8 0 0 June 15 £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 — £7 17 6 £8 16 0 September 7 _ . , £7 12 6 £8 15 0 October 6 £8 0 0 £9 0 0 December 28 , £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4, 1936 _ £9 5 0 £10 6 0 March 1 _ £12 2 6 £12 15 0 April 5 — ,,, _. £10 15 0 £11 16 0 May 3 — — _ _ £11 17 6 £12 12 6 June 7 £11 16 0 £12 7 6 July 5 . , £9 12 0 £10 6 0 August 2 _ £9 15 0 £10 16 0 September 6 — _ _ £9 17 6 £10 17 6 October 4 — £11 7 6 £12 7 6 November 1 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 December 6 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 South Sea.

South Sea.

Plantation.

Smoked, to Genoa Sun-Dried Hot-air Dried, London and Marseilles. to London.

Rabaul.

Price on— - Per ton.c.i.f. Per ton, c.l.f. Per ton.c.i.f.

Jan. 3, ’36 £13 2 6 £13 15 0 £15 0 0 Feb. 7 __ £13 0 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Mar. 6 — £11 15 0 £12 15 0 £13 0 0 April 3 .... £12 7 6 £13 5 0 £13 17 6 May 1 ... £11 10 0 £11 15 0 £12 10 0 June 5 __ £11 10 0 £12 0 0 £12 17 6 July 3 _ £12 0 0 £12 10 0 £13 10 0 Aug. 7 .._ £12 17 6 £13 7 6 £14 7 6 Sept. 4 £13 2 6 £13 10 0 £14 12 6 Oct. 2 £13 7 6 £13 10 0 £14 10 0 Nov. 6 ... £15 10 0 £15 2 6 £16 6 0 Dec. 4 £19 7 6 £19 7 6 £20 7 6 Jan. 8, '37 £22 12 6 £22 12 6 £23 12 6 Feb. 5 £19 0 0 £19 0 0 £19 15 0 Mar. 5 £19 0 0 £19 5 0 £20 0 0 Apr. 2 .... £19 0 0 £19 15 0 £20 15 0 May 7 ..... £16 0 0 £16 12 6 £17 12 6 June 4 ..... £15 15 0 £15 12 6 £16 12 6 July 2 .... £14 15 0 £14 17 6 £15 15 0 Aug. 6 ... £15 2 6 £15 2 6 £15 1.7 6 Aug, 20 ..... £14 10 0 £14 12 6 £15 7 6 Aug. 27 .... £14 0 0 £14 0 0 £14 15 0 Sept. S ... £13 5 0 £13 5 0 £14 0 0 *Sept. 10 „.. £13 12 6 £13 15 0 £14 10 0 Sept. 17 .... £13 12 6 £13 15 0 £14 12 6 Sept. 24 __ £14 2 6 £14 5 0 £15 0 0 Oct. 1 .... £14 15 0 £14 17 6 £15 12 6 Oct. 8 ..... £14 5 0 £14 5 0 £15 0 0 Oct. 15 £14 10 0 £14 10 0 £15 7 6 Oct. 22 £13 15 0 £13 15 0 £14 10 0 Oct. 29 £13 15 0 £13 15 0 £14 10 0 Nov. 5 £13 10 0 £13 10 0 £14 5 0 Nov. 12 £13 5 0 £13 5 0 £14 5 0 Nov. 19 ..... £13 2 6 £13 2 6 £13 17 6 Nov. 26 _.. £12 7 6 £12 7 6 £13 2 6 Dec. 3 ..... £12 10 0 £12 12 6 £13 7 6 Dec. 10 £12 17 6 £13 0 0 £13 17 6 Dec. 17 .. £13 2 6 £13 2 6 £14 0 0 Dec. 24 .. £13 0 0 £13 0 0 £13 17 6 Dec. 31 .. £12 10 0 £12 12 6 £13 10 0 Jan. 7, ’38 £12 12 6 £12 15 0 £13 12 6 Jan. 14 .. £12 7 6 £12 12 6 £13 7 6 Jan. 21 .. £12 0 0 £12 12 6 £13 0 0 Jan. 28 . .. £11 17 6 £12 0 0 £12 15 0 Feb. 4 . .. £11 2 6 £11 10 0 £12 7 6 Feb. 11 .. £10 17 6 £11 15 0 £12 0 0 Feb. 18 .. £10 12 6 £11 0 0 £11 15 0 Feb. 25 .. £11 2 6 £11 5 0 £12 5 0 Mar. 4 .. £10 17 6 £11 0 0 £12 0 0 Mar. 11 .. £10 15 0 £11 0 0 £12 0 0 Mar. 18 .. £10 15 0 £11 0 0 £12 0 0 Rubber 1 Plantation London Para Smoked Price on — per lb. per lb.

January 6, 1933 _ 4*d. 2.43d.

July 7 ... -_ 5fd. ,.... 3.71d.

December 8 — — 4«d. , 4.0|d.

January 5, 1934 — 43d. 4.28d.

July 6 __ 5*d. 7.06d.

December 28 __ 5d. 63d.

January 4, 1935 r ,, — 6d. ■ 6|d.

July 6 _ _ ... — 5d. 7|d.

December 6 6Jd. — egd.

January 3, 1936 63d. 6*d.

June 5 _ 9d. 73d.

December 4 — V- , 9 1/ltd.

January 8. 1937 1/2 103d.

March 5 Hid. 11 l/32d April 2 .. .. 1/- 1/1 15/16 June 4 ™ lid. 9 5-8d, Aug. 6 ..._ 9*d. . 9 1-16d.

Sept. 3 ...... ...... ..... 93d. ... ... 9 l-16d.

Oct. 1 9Jd. . 8 9/16d.

Nov. 5 ...... 8d. ...... 73d.

Nov. 12 ...... — 7|d. 7fd.

Nov. 19 7fd. 6 15/16d.

Nov. 26 „ — 7|d. 7gd.

Dec. 3 ..... 7$d. 73d.

Dec. 10 , ..... 7Jd. 7id.

Dec. 17 7 J / 4 d.

Dec. 24 7V 4 d.

Dec. 31 6Yad.

Jan. 7, : 1938 .. 7d.

Jan. 14 .. 7y 8 d. 7y 8 d.

Jan. 21 . . .. 7d. 7>/ 4 d.

Jan. 28 . . • .. 7d. 7y 8 d.

Feb. 4 .. 6%d. 6%d.

Feb. 18 .. 6%d. 7 l-16d.

Feb. 25 .. .. 6d. 7 3-16d.

Mar. 4 . .. 6d. 7y 8 d.

Mar. 11 .. 6d. 7d.

Mar. 18 6%d.

Copra South Sea, Plantation, Sun-Dried Hot-air Dried, London to London Rabaul Price on— Per ton, c.l.f. Per ton, c.i.f.

January 1, 1932 __ __ £14 0 0 £14 15 0 March 25 _____ £14 17 6 £15 0 0 June 17 _____ £13 2 6 £13 6 0 Use - - Modern Direct Wireless Services for Your Communications

With Australia And Overseas

# DIRECT WIRELESS SERVICES are available for inter-communication between the Islands of the Pacific and for traffic between the Islands and Australia and overseas countries.

Services are now in operation between Papua and Sydney, New Guinea and Sydney, New Caledonia and Sydney, and Fiji and Sydney. Speedy, economical and efficient service to Australia and overseas. Route your traffic "Via the Wireless Service."

For overseas traffic to Great Britain, North and South America, and all European countries, route your message via the Direct Australian

Beam Wireless Service

Lodge Your Messages At Any

Wireless Station Or Island Post

Office Routed " Via Wireless”

Amalgamated Wireless

(A Sia) Limited

Market Quotations THE Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and we regularly publish the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press. 76 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Subject to alteration without notice.

Strasbourg. Eridan.

D’Amiens.

Papeete Mar. 29-30 May 6-7 June 19-20 Raiatea (opt.) Mar. 31 — June 20 Suva (opt.) .

May 15 June 27 Vila Apr. 10 May 17 June 29 Noumea Apr. 12-20 May 19-27 July 1-8 Vila Apr. 23 May 30 July 11 Raiatea May 2 June 6 July 18 Papeete -May 3-5 June 7-9 July 19-21 MESSAGERIES MARITIME CO., Agents.

Subject to alteration without notice Brisbane Naniwa Melbourne Maru.

Maru.

Maru.

Kobe Mar.31 Apr. 21 May 16 Moji Apr. 1-2 Apr. 23-24 M. 17-18 Rabaul .

Apr. 11 — May 27 Noumea Apr. 16-17 May 9-10 June 1-2 Auckland — Apr. 20-23 May 14-17 June 5-9 Wellington Apr. 25-27 May 19-22 J. 11-15 Lyttelton Apr. 28-29 May 23-24 J. 16-17 Dunedin A. 30-M. 1 May 25-28 J. 18-20 Lyttelton .

Wellington ..

May 2-5 J. 11-15 Auckland May 7-10 June 5-9 Cebu .... — July 7-8 Manila — July 9-10 Hong Kong .

May 27 July 12 Shanghai ...

Apr. 30 July 15 Kobe June 2-5 June 19-20 July 24

Osaka Shosen Kaisha And Yamashita

LINE.

Subject to alteration without notice.

Nankin.

Nellore.

Tanda.

Hong Kong Apr. 2 Apr. 30 June 3 Manila _ Apr. 5 May 3 June 6 Rabaul Apr. 13 May 11 June 14 Brisbane —.Apr. 19 May 17 June 20 Sydney _ Apr. 21 May 19 June 22 Melbourne _A. 2S-A/T 4 M. 23-J. 3-4 J. 27-Jly 2 Hobart May 6 June 6 July 4 Newcastle ....May 9 June 9 July 7 Sydney, dep.

May 14 June 15 July 13 Brisbane ...May 16 June 17 July 15 Townsville — May 19 June 20 July 18 Rabaul —May 24 June 25 July 23 Manila —June 1 July 3 July 31 Hong Kong June 4 July 6 Aug. 3 E. & A.

STEAMSHIP CO. LTD ., Agents.

Subject to alteration without notice.

M.V. Rabaul.

London .. .. Mar. 5 Galveston . Mar. 28 SUVa .. .. . . IVTaw •* M.V. Salamaua.

London .. .. Apr. 25 Galveston .. May 18 Suva July 20 N. Zealand Rabaul London . May 12 M. 31-J. 10 A. 15-S. 21 AucKiand Sydney ..

Salamaua Rabaul ..

London .

Aug. 5 .. Aug. 15 . Aug. 28 . . Aug. 31 . . Nov. 3-24 W. R.

CARPENTER & Co.

LTD.

M.V. Maui Pomare Wellington Apr. 19 May 17 June 14 Apia Apr. 26-28 May 24-26 J. 21-23 Niue Apr. 30 May 28 June 25 Lyttelton —May 9 June 6 July 4 Wellington May 10 June 7 July 5 For Sale The well-known Methodist Mission Ketch,

"Tan Danya."

This Vessel is now being replaced by another vessel, and the Methodist Missionary Society invites offers for purchase of this useful boat.

The “TANDANYA” is at present In full commission in the Western Solomons, and is a handy craft under either sail or power.

She has very good cabin accommodation and roomy hold for cargo.

Registered tonnage 35 ■Length 62 ft.

Beam 15 ft.

Draught 8 ft.

Engine 30 h.p. ’Frisco Standard in good condition.

Vessel may be Inspected at Gizo, Solomon Islands, at any time by arrangement.

All Communications direct to: Rev, J. F. GOLDIE, Gizo, Sol. Is.

Fox Moth AEROPLANE FOR SALE In excellent condition, Gipsy Major Engine. Full particulars on application.

Price: £825. Apply— LIGHT AEROPLANES PTY. LTD.

Box No. 1990 X, G.P.0., BRISBANE.

OXYMEL

High Grade

Time Tested

HOME and SHIP Paints, Enamels, Varnishes, Lacquers, etc.

OXYMEL Co. have been manufacturing Paints, etc., for just on 30 years.

We require distributing agents for our products. They are not cheap, shoddy goods.

Catalogues, Colorcards and Leaflets, &c., on request from . . .

The Oxymel Oil & Paint

Co. Pty. Ltd. 47-51 YARRA BANK ROAD. SOUTH

Melbourne. Victoria. Australia

Telephone M 2375

“Blda” Diesel Motors

Marine* Industrial* & Electrical Generating Sets.

Pending distributor appointments address enquiries to L. B. CLARKSON Australian Representative Buda Company. Harvey, ILL, 44 Margaret Street, SYDNEY Shipping Services in the Pacific Sydney - Noumea - Tahiti Mails and passengers from Sydney for Tahiti may connect with Messageries Maritimes liners at Noumea, per Pierre Loti (see Sydney-Noumea- New Hebrides service). The M.M. liners run between Marseilles and Noumea, via Panama Canal.

Sydney - Rabaul - Hong Kong Papuan Inter-Island Services M. Matoma (Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.) makes round trips on a regular schedule from Samarai to Misima Island, via the Conflict Group.

M-V v Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

S.S, Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, returns by same route ; then Port Moresby to Darn via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu—full trip occupying about one month.

N. Zealand - Samoa - Niue The New Zealand Government’s steamer Maul Pomare (1159 tons) is the only direct connection between N.Z., the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa and Niue Island. The vessel, which carries mails, passengers, and cargo. Is controlled by the Department of External Affairs at Wellington, where application should be made concerning freights, berths, etc.

Japan - N. Guinea - Noumea - New Zealand Europe - Sydney - Suva - New Guinea New Hebrides Inter-Island Services S.S. Mirani (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.) connects every six weeks at Vila with S.S.

Morinda from Sydney, then proceeds on southern trip, calling at the islands of Efate. Erromanga.

Tanna, Aneityum, and returns to Vila—trip occupying 7 or 8 days. After 2 or 3 days at Vila, departs on northern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Mai, Tongoa, Epi, Paama, Ambrym, Malekula, Aoba, Malo, Santo and returns to Vila, trip occupying 25 to 28 days. Vessel extends to Banks Group every second trip equivalent to about every six weeks.

Gilbert and Ellice Islands Service M.V, Raium (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) and M.V. John Bolton (W.R. Carpenter and Co.) operate from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connect regularly with all islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups. 77 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 103 8.

S.S. Morinda.

Sydney Apr. 14 Apr. 28 June 9 Lord Howe ...

Apr. 16 Apr. 30 June 11 Norfolk Is. ..

Apr. 18 May 2 June 13 Vila — May 5-6.

J. 16-17 Bushman’s B. — May 7 June 18 Malo 1 Tangoa }• — May 7 June 18 Segond J Aoba .

May 8 June 19 Hog Har. .. f Vila May 9 June 20 Norfolk Is. — Apr 19 May 12 June 23 Lord Howe — Apr. 21 May 14 June 25 Sydney Apr. 23 May 17 June 28 BURNS, PH1LP & CO. LTD..

Agents.

M.V. Neptuna.

Melbourne Apr 20 June 27 Aug. 31 Sydney Apr 22-27 Jn.29-Jy.2 Sept. 2-7 Salamaua _ May 4 July 9 Sept. 14 Rabaul May 6 July 11 Sept. 16 Cebu (opt.) - May 13 July 18 Sept. 23 Manila May 16 July 21 Sept. 26 Hong Kong May 18-22 July 23-27 S.28-0. 2 Saigon May 28 Aug 2 Oct. 8 Madang June 8 Aug 13 Oct. 19 Salamaua June 11 Aug 16 Oct. 22 Rabaul June 14 Aug 19 Oct. 25 Sydney June 21 Aug 26-27 Nov. 1 Melbourne ~ June 24 Aug 29 Nov. 4 BURNS.

PHILP & CO. LTD.. Agents.

Montoro.

Macdhui. Montoro.

Sydney Apr. 2 Apr. 23 May 11 Brisbane Apr. 4 — May 13 Townsville Apr. 7 Apr. 25 May 16 Cairns Apr. 8 — May 17 Pt. Moresby Apr. 10- 11 Apr. 29 May 19 Samarai Apr. 12 Apr. 30 May 21 Woodlark Is. — May 22 Rabaul Apr. 14- ■16 May 2-3 M. 23-24 Kavieng Apr. 17 — May 25 Lindenhafen — May 4 — Salamaua 1 Lae Apr. 19-20 May 5-6 M. 27-28 Madang [ Alexishafen f Apr. 21 May 7 M. 29-30 Boram [ Wewak f May 8-9 — Madang Apr. 21 May 10 May 30 Finschafen — May 11 — Salamaua — Apr. 22 May 11 May 31 Kavieng May 13 - • Pondo May 14 — Rabaul .

Apr. 25 May 16 June 2 Salamaua — May 17 — Samarai —• Apr. 27 May 19 June 4 Pt. Moresby _ Apr. 28 May 20 June 6 Cairns Apr. 30 — June R Brisbane May 3 May 24 June 11 Sydney May 5 May 26 June 13

Burns, Philp &

CO.. LTD., Agents.

Subject to alteration without notice.

Aorangi. Niagara. Aorangi.

Honolulu Apr. 20 May 18 June 15 Suva Apr. 29 May 27 June 24 Auckland May 2-3 May 30-31 J. 27-28 Sydney May 7 June 4 July 2 Sydney, dep. May 12 June 9 July 7 Auckland — May 16-17 June 13-14 Jy. 11-12 Suva May 20 June 17 July 15 Honolulu May 27 June 24 July 22 UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

Subject to alteratio n without Notice Mariposa.

Monterey.

Mariposa.

Honolulu . Apr. 3 May 2 May 30 Pago Pago _ Apr. 8 May 7 June 4 Suva _ Apr. 11 May 10 June 7 Auckland .

Apr. 14 May 13 June 10 Sydney . Apr. 17 May 16 June 13 Melbourne _ Apr. 22-25 May 20-23 J. 17-20 Sydney Apr. 29 May 27 June 24 Auckland May 2 May 30 Juno 27 Suva __ May 5 June 2 June 30 Pago Pago .

May 6 June 3 July 1 Honolulu May 11 June 8 July 6

Oceanic Steamship

CO., MATSON LINE.

On patrol service in New Guinea . .

I Islands visitors to Sydney are cordially invited to inspect the Halvorsen Yards and the various craft under construction there.

Correspondence invited.

M.V. "SIRIUS."

Built by HALVORSEN SONS, PTY., LTD., for the

New Guinea

ADMINISTRATION. ★ This sturdy 70 ft. vessel is of 16 ft. beam, and is powered by a pair of 44 H.P. full Diesel Marine Engines.

Agents for MORRIS 1 MARINE ENGINES.

Lars Halvorsen Sons

Pty., Ltd. shipbuilders, neutral BAY, MAR?NE ENGINEERS. SYDNEY.

Sydney - Norfolk Island - New Hebrides Hong Kong - N. Guinea - Sydney N.G. Inter-Island Services 5.5. Maiwara and M.V. Muliama (Burns, Philp & Co.) make regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports. 5.5. Coombar, M.V. Desikoko, M.V. Duranbah (W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory.

S.S. Island Trader

S.S. Island Trader (Inter-Island Shipping Co.

Pty. Ltd.) connects at Rabaul with S.S. Friderun and then makes the following trips;— NORTHERN RUN—Rambutyo, Pak, Inrim, Pitelu, Papitalei, Salesia, Salami, Lorengau, Noru, Tumleo, Boikin, Kairiru, Wewak, Boram, Sepik Mouth, Awar, Bogia, Kulili, Ki*run, Alexishafen, Nagada, Madang, Finschhafen, Salamaua, Bali, Garua, Toriu, Stockholm, Manuan.

SOUTHERN RUN—Matala, Put Put, Sum Sum, Kekere, Iwi, Aropa, Toboroi, Kieta, Arawa, Numa, Bonis, Buka Passage, Samo, Mageh, Lihir, Kavieng, Patlangat, Rangarere, Notre Mai, Langinoa, Asalingi, Neu Kauern, Manuan.

Agents: Colyer, Watson & Co.. Rabaul

Sydney - Papua - New Guinea Sydney - N.Z. - Fiji - Hawaii Sydney - N.Z. - Fiji - Samoa Hawaii Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regular four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva — trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington —trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

M.V, Yanawai (Burns Philp (South Seas) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva.

Trip A; Suva-Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, returning to Suva by the same route. Duration of voyage, 8-10 days. Trip B: Suva-Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata 78 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Subject to alteration without notice Swarten- Maet- Swartenhondt. suycker hondt.

Saigon — May 14 June 13 Singapore —Apr. 16 May 16-17 J. 15-16 Batavia Apr. 18-20 May 19-21 J. 18-20 Samarang —Apr. 21 May 22 June 21 Sourabaya Apr. 22-23 May 23 June 22 Pt. Moresby Apr. 30 May 30 June 29 Samarai — May 31 June 30 Salamaua — — July 2 Rabaul — June 2 July 4 Vila — June 6 — Noumea — June 7-10 — Auckland .May 9-11 June 13-15 J. 12-13 Wellington May 13-14 June 17-18 J. 15-16 Sydney .May 18-21 June 22-24 J. 20-22 Pt. Moresby May 27 June 29 July 28 Sourabaya .June 3 July 6 Aug. 4 Samarang .June 4 July 7 Aug. 6 Batavia June 5-7 July 8 Aug. 7 Singapore _ .June 9 — — Saigon June 11 — —

Royal Packet Navigation

CO. LTD.

Subject to alteration without Pierre Loti notice.

Sydney May 12 June 16 July 14 Noumea May 16-18 June 20-22 J. 18-20 Mare May 18 June 22 — Vila May 19-20 June 23-24 J. 21-22 Luganville May 21 June 25 July 23 Le Dart May 22-23 June 26-27 J. 24-25 Norsup May 23 June 27 —i Saigon —.

Aug. 9-11 Haiphong ... —. — A. 14-18 Luganville . . —• — Sept. 3 Le Dart — —■ Sept. 4 Vila May 24-25 June 29-30 Sept. 5-6 Mare May 26 July 1 Noumea May 27-28 July 2-3 Sept. 7-8 Sydney June 1 July 7 Sept. 12 MESSAGERIES MAR1TIMES CO..

Agents.

Subject to alteration without M.V. Matua notice.

Auckland . Mar. 29 Apr. 20 May 5 Cook Is . Apr. 2 Apr. 24 — Outer Is ,. — Apr. 25-27 — Cook Is — Apr. 28 Nukualofa . Apr. 6-7 — May 8-9 Apia . Apr. 8-9 — M. 10-11 Suva . Apr. 13-14 — May 14 Auckland . Apr. 18 May 4 May 18 Subject to alteration without notice.

M.V. Malaita Sydney _Apr. 30 June 11 July 23 Brisbane _ May 2 June 13 July 25 Townsville _ May 5 June 16 July 28 Cairns May 6 June 17 July 29 Tulagi 1 Makambo f- -May 10-11 J. 21 -22 Aug. 2-3 Gavutu J Su’u L— -May 12 June 23 Aug. 4 Domma ( Mamara 1 Tasavarong ~ — June 24 Aruligo 1 Lavoro J Mamara 1 Tasavarong „May 13 Aug. 5 Aruligo J Meringe 1— „May 14 Aug. 6 Hivo r Yandina i Banika i Ufa y May 15 June 25 Aug. 7 Faiami | Younger I Pepesala J Lingatu \ West Bay v June 26 Somata J Gizo May 16 June 27 Aug. 8 Faisi '.May 17 June 28 Aug. 9 Kieta _May 17 June 28 Aug. 9 Arigua I— .May 18 June 29 Aug. 10 Numa Numa r Teopasino ...May 19 June 30 Aug.11 Rabaul . May 20-21 July 1-2 A. 12-13 Soraken .May 22-23 July 3-4 Aug. 14-15 Kieta May 24 July 5 Aug. 16 Faisi .May 25 July 6 Aug. 17 Gizo 1 May 26 July 7 Aug. 18 Tetipari r Russell Is. . May 27-28 July 8-9 A. 19-20 Gavutu m .May 28 July 9 Aug. 20 Makambo r Brisbane .June 2 July 14 Aug. 25 Sydney .June 4 July 16 Aug. 27 BURNS . PHILP & CO . LTD., Agents.

Cables : "Stancarr." Tel. MA 4416 ESTABLISHED 1841 Stanley & Co. 325 SUSSEX STREET SYDNEY

Wholesale & Retail

Produce Merchants

Fruiterers and Greengrocers Shipping Providers •

Packing For Islands Trade

A SPECIALTY

European And Chinese Vegetables

always available in any quantify.

BIRKMYRE’S

Waterproof Canvas

# The Original and Best for all purposes where a thoroughly waterproof covering is required.

S A I LCLOTHS, DUCKS, &c. of FLAX, HEMP, and COTTON.

FISHING NETS, LINES and TWINES Extensive Stocks Carried- Ensuring Prompt Despatch The Gourock R °£„r‘Co.

LIMITED 397 KENT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Norddeutscher Lloyd. Bremen

Hongkong:—New Guinea—British Solomon Islands Service.

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “FRIDERUN.”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world.

For further particulars apply to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, Rabaul, New Guinea.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney. ports, then calling at the ports on the coast beyond Labasa, Natewa Bay ports, Levuka, and Suva. Duration of voyage, 10-12 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports—trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by sams route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakaloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. The latter round trip from Suva occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

Saigon - Java - South Seas - N.Z. Service Solomon Islands-N.G. Service Sydney - Noumea - New Hebrides - Indochina Central Pacific Services The cargo steamer “Wairuna” (5,832 tons) will depart from Sydney on March 26 (approx, only) for Suva, Lautoka, Papeete, and N. American ports. She will carry a limited number of passengers in addition to mail and general cargo. The “Limerick” (8,724 tons) is scheduled to follow to Fiji and French Oceania about the middle of April.

UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agent..

Noumea Australia The small steamer Neo Hebridais (Societe Maritime et Miniere Hagen) carries on a monthly service between Noumea, New Caledonia, and Newcastle, N.S.W. The round trip occupies about 17 days.

N.G. Goldfields' Services Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd..

Mandated Airlines Ltd. (late Carpenter Airways) and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae, the New Guinea mainland ports, two and three times daily for Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfield. The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Wau - Port Moresby Service A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the New Guinea goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby, Papua. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

Hong Kong-New Guinea- Solomon Islands S.S. Fridemn (cabin, third-class and deck passengers) runs from Hong Kong to New Guinea and Solomon Islands ports, connecting at Rabaul (N.G,) with S.S. Island Trader (formerly S.S.

Bremerhaven). In the Solomons she calls at Tulagi, Here, Bina, Fulakora, and None.

Gilchrist, Watt & Sanderson, Agents

79 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

LICENSEE: E. J. MORROW Cosmopolitan fl A I SAMARAI flOtei First-class Accommodation for Tourists and Travellers Ballroom ; Electric Light; Billiards; Freezing - works ; Cold Store. Best brands of Wines, Spirits, Ales.

Moderate Tariff

Fishing Trips and Launch Excursions arranged

Where To Stay In Port Moresby

Licensee: Papua First-class Accommodation.

Hotel. Ltd.

Parties Arranged.

The PAPUA HOTEL Catering specially for Tourists and Travellers.

Situated on high ground overlooking both coasts, its Spacious Lounges are always Cool and Comfortable. Tariff: Per day, 16/-; per week, £6/5/-; per month, £l4 ; bed and breakfast, 10/-; bedroom only, 7/6.

Cars meet all Steamers.

Hotel Moresby NEAR THE WHARF COMFORTABLE ACCOMMODATION

Only The Best

BRANDS OF

Wines, Spirits

AND BEERS IN STOCK LICENSEE; Hotel Moresby Ltd.

PASSENGERS PER “MALAITA” WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From New Guinea And

Solomon Islands Ports On March 12:—

Messrs*. Arnoult (2), Bennett, Bourne, Cameron, Clappison, Campbell, Corry, Greaser, Cross, Goodwin, Gorry, Humphreys, Keegan, McKew, McColl, Pumala, Rogers, Robertson, Sanders, Thomas, Voyce, Warren, Williamson, De Wotrenge, Wright, Young, Dr. Innes, Captain Talbot.

Mesdames Arnoult, Anderson, Bourne, Clappison, Humphreys, Keegan, Sanders, Robertson, Snook, Warren. Misses Arnoult, Cohen, Devir, Edmondson, Field, Riggall, McKinnon, Syers, Mother Margaret-Wilson.

PASSENGERS PER “AORANGI” WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Suva, Fiji, On

MARCH 12: J. A. Baird, A. S. Burton, S. T.

Buckle, Mrs. M. Coggins, Miss A. J. Chalmers, Mr. & Mrs. O. L. Davidson, Mr. and Mrs. C.

L. Fenner, A. Gaydon, G. S. & E. C. Goldie, Mr. & Mrs. G. J. & Master Hobbs, Mrs. M.

M. Handley, F. K. Moulton, F. T. D. Meares, H. L. Nicholls, J. C. Rutter, W. F. Stevenson, B. S. Sprinz, E. G. Theodore, Mr. & Mrs. F.

E. Wood, F. C. Gooch, R. C. Hart, G. Loit, N.

Lowan, E. O. Mullery, Miss M. Matthews, D.

MacDonald, M. McPhee, Mrs. K. S. Tabby, Mrs.

M. Wright. V. H. Withers, Mr. & Mrs. A. R.

A. Khatri, E. S. Armstrong, Mr. and Mrs. Ekeroma, Mr. and Mrs. Elise.

Passengers Per “Macdhui” Which

Left Sydney For Papua And New Guinea

ON MARCH 12: Messrs. Gray, Swan, Stewart, Porter, Wallace, Marr, Mackay, Carlson, Higlett, Clarkson, Noble, Woodman, Brazier, Munt, Hoffman, Turner, Brown, Gallagher, McLean, Smith, Duncan, Tomlinson, Venning, Flower, Bryan, Playfair, Peters, Prince, Arnall, Townsend, Monks, Ross, Moore, Eshe%, Middleton, Irvine, Primrose, Harper, McNamara, Rudnagel, Collins, Frick, Blackman, Rawson, Scarlett, Mott, Loy, Turner, Soderman, Perrett, Marr, Bitton, Crookshanks, Cocks, Hamilton, Emery, Hadley, Rich, Pearce, Way, Bennett, Cooper, Barnes, Chant, Ewen, Galwey, Blacker, Ashcroft. Mesdames Gray, Hunter, Wallace, Marr, Stower, Hardaker, Ryan, McEwen, Davidson, Smith, Brown, Clanvilie, Kirby, Woodman, Brazier, Gallagher, McLean, Venning, Dette, Smith, Neal, Chater, Schuch, Turner, Holle, Lyall, Aumuller, Arnall, Townsend, Monks, Millar, Paton, Niebuhr, Little, Mott, Villiers, Creswick. Misses Mc- Gregor, Hickey, Sloss, McEwen, Roche, Catherine, Elias, Schuch, Monks, Niebuhr, Villiers.

PASSENGERS PER “MORINDA” WHICH AR- RIVED IN SYDNEY FROM LORD HOWE IS.

AND NORFOLK IS., ON MARCH 14:—Messrs.

Badgery, Boyce, BuSett (3), Carr, Chapman, Day, Collier, Davies, Evans, Ewing, Harding, Heaslip, Legge, Kennewell, MacCullogh, McDonald, Minter, Pockley, Quintal, Sainty, Wickstead, Zeunert. Mesdames Carr, Chamberlain, Coghlan, Day, de Wilde, Ferguson, Johnstone, Payten, Shearston. Misses Buffett, Buist, Coghlan, Penton, Lancaster, MacDonald, Phillpott, Swadling, Skelton, Taylor, Trevarthen, Thurston, Thompson, Ryall, Williams, Robinson.

Passengers Per “Aorangi” Which

Sailed Prom Sydney For Suva, Fiji, On

MARCH 17: Mrs. K. W. Brooks, E. O. N.

Daly, Mrs. W. & Miss N. R. Finlayson, A. C.

E. Hill, Mr. & Mrs. W. E. Lindsay, Miss L.

Lindsay, Mr. & Mrs. C. R., Miss J., & Messrs.

C. R. & A. Mackay, Mrs. E. A. & Miss Potts, Mr. & Mrs. G. S., & Misses (3) Rowley, Mrs.

O. W. Stevenson, Mrs. W. Trewenac, Mr. & Mrs. G. L., Miss, and Masters (2) Wignall, B.

Worledge, Mr. & Mrs. J. E. Berry, G. Benham, Mr. & Mrs. G., Misses M., 8., & R. Branster, Mr. Carr, J. C. Davies, E. A. Griffiths, I.

Hill, Miss Hay ton, Misses I. G. & A. G., Messrs.

Honson (5), Miss D. C. Ludolph, Miss B. Moore, Mrs. A. M. & Miss C. Towner, Mr. & Mrs. F.

A., Misses A. E., Masters P. & R. Taylor, Mr. & Mrs. J. Taylor, R. G. Thurlow, Miss A.

White, Miss K. Koda, Mr. & Mrs. R. O. Ludolph, Mr. & Mrs. N. Navara.

Passengers Per •‘Morinda” Which

DEPARTED FROM SYDNEY FOR LORD HOWE,

Norfolk Is., And New Hebrides On

MARCH 17: —Messrs. Armstrong, Bailey, Byrne, Bloore, Bowring, Crow, Candy, Dignam, Duke, Earp, Finlay, Grand, Green (2), Gibbes, Hancock, Hardingham, Herbert, Langsworth, Miller, Norris, O’Connor, Rossi, Roberts, Rabbitts, Sherlock, Sninson, Southward, Shilgorsky, Thyrd, Wallace. Mesdames Armstrong, Carter, Candy, Cleary, Grand, Gibbes, Hancock, Holmes, Kane, Miller, Ranken, Thyrd, Wilson. Misses Aird, Allen, Bolton, Brouggy, Baxter, Carter, Cornwell, Chalmers-Marshall, Devitt, Foulstone, Finlay, Ferguson, Cairns, Hornsley, Harlon, Jeffreys, Lowther, McKenzie, Mason, McElliott, O’Rourke, Skehan, Swinson.

Passengers Per “Malaita” Which

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR N.G. AND SOLO- MONS PORTS ON MARCH 19: Messrs. Browne, Hammerton, De Giey, Adamson, Younger, Nixon, Sonder, Johnstone, Stewart, White, Martin, Hobern, Martin, Mason, Try, Kroening, O’Brien, Long, Egan, Cormack, Slattery, Bladier, Higgs, Tucker. Mesdames Atkinson, Clarke, Higgs, De Giey, Knibbs, Turner, Bilston, Boye, Martin, Mason, Try, Kroening, Egan, Cormack, Owan.

Misses Johnston, Van Zulicon, Perris, Cohen, Moore.

It is reported that the Japanese Government is subsidising the construction of two 26,500 ton passenger liners for service in the Pacific.

New Caledonian Services M.V. Le Phoque (Societe des lies Loyalty) makes regular trips, carrying mails and passengers, from Noumea along the east coast to Arama.

Also from Noumea to Poum and Belep Islands, via the west coast. Leaving Noumea on the run up the east coast the vessel calls at Yate, Touarou, N. Goye, Kaukue, Thio, Nakety, Canalo, Gouaoua, Houailou, Moueo, Pouerihouen, Tieti, Poindimie, Wagap, Touho, Kokingone, Hieghene, Tao, Outbatch, Pouebo, Balada, Pam and Arama.

Return by same route. Ports visited on west coast trip are; Bourail, Poya, Mueo, Poumbout, Kono, Voh, Temala, Ouaco, Koumac, Karamble, Tangadiou, Paagoumene, Nehoue, Mouac, Belep, and return by same route.

She will leave Noumea on her next east coast, trip on April 22, and commence the west coast irun on April 6.

M, V. Le Phoque also maintains a 4 weeks* service between Noumea and the Loyalty Group. The vessel calls at Tadine (Mare Is.), Chepenehe, and We (Lifou Is.), Fajoue, St. Joseph and Banout (Ouvea Is.). Calls are made occasionally at Isle of Pines and Walpole Island.

Her next voyage to the Loyalty Group will be made on April 15.

Samoan Boy Killed By

FALLING COCONUT.

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Mar. 3.

IN the Aleipata district, at the eastern end of the island of Upolu, a nine-years-old Samoan boy, Falao, was struck on the head by a falling coconut when walking home from school recently.

He was instantly killed. It is a rare occurrence in Samoa for people to be injured or killed by falling coconuts.

In the same village a 10-years-old Samoan boy, Palavale, was riding with his brother on the main beach road when suddenly their horses shied and ran away. Palavale struck his head against a coconut tree and was killed. 80 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

Pacific Is. Travellers

(Continued From Page 1.)

Published by Pacific Publications Pty., Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney. (Telephone: BW 5037). Wholly set up and printed in Australia by the Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co., Pty,, Ltd., 29 Alberta St., Sydney. (Telephone; MA7101).

What Aerial Transport has done for * m % The above photograph shows how aerial transport is assisting in the establishment of a pastoral industry on the Morobe tableland in New Guinea. These dairy cows have just been unloaded from the Guinea Airways’ freight-carrying aeroplanes after being transported from the coast for a dairy farmer near Wau. —Photo.: Thos. A. Olsson.

Guinea Airways, Limited

were established in 1927; and they have grown as the figures show until they are to-day the largest freight-carrying service in the world.

Year Tonnage Passen- Ended Trans- gers Feb. 28. ported Carried. 1929 434 869 1930 .... 949 2,047 I 1931 1.146 1,995 1932 3,947 1,607 1933 3,980 3,856 1934 6,044 7,398 1935 6,102 9,721 1936 6.476 12,137 1937 6,705 11.869 Totals . .. 35,783 51,499 New Guinea..

SINCE 1927, when the development of the Morobe Goldfield commenced, the European population of the Territory has been trebled. The new industry has increased the Empire's gold production by nearly £2,000,000 per annum, and has added enormously to the trade turnover of New Guinea.

Only Aerial Transport makes this possible.

There is no road between the Goldfields and the coast. Aeroplanes, running on Regular Schedules, without difficulty or delay, carry in Dredges, Crushing Mills, Cyaniding Plants, Motor Vehicles, Hydro- Electric Machinery, thousands of passengers, and every kind of goods needed by a large and growing European community.

GUINEA AIRWAYS, LIMITED, operate regular air services in New Guinea and Papua; they use over fifty Aerodromes and Landing-grounds in the two Territories.

LIMITED

Lae - Salamaua

Head Office: Austral Chambers, Currie Street, Adelaide, S.A., New Guinea Office: Lae, Mandated Territory of New Guinea.

BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENTS AT WAU—SALAMAUA—PORT MORESBY AND SYDNEY.

Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.

mf sa A ft* p\l* ER 9 *' ■ Wt

Welcome Cargo

I- \/t 1 ? x f« A 0 6 */:*.

P\\s & I \~-4 t N r / 5V> *>« / Hb otr r ft?

PiV 2 7 SI*CH S? ,ls EN E* **S fit o' Cvi p u Lower away”— and what a welcome cargo it is!

Resch’s Pilsener—in the famous long bottle—the drink which eases the white man’s burden!

Call for a bottle to-night and relish its malt and hop flavour.

RESCH’S

Long Bottle

PILSENER Pacific Islands Monthly, March 24, 193 8.