PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly AUGUST, 1955 Vol. XXVI. No. 1. stablished 1930 [Registered for&Kiinsni a newspaper]

Rhythm Of The

DRUM . . . With faces painted, and arrayed in their finest plumed headdresses and colourful finery, these Papuans of the Central Division beat carved handdrums in unison to provide the rhythm for a ceremonial dance.

From Island Services to International Air Routes QANTAS Service is Super Service Australia’s Overseas Airline, with 35 years of experience, offers the finest in airline travel.

On the 68,000 miles of air routes flown by Qantas, fast, frequent services link over 50 ports of call ii the South-West Pacific with Australia, Qantas Services radiate from Australia to Europe, U.S.A., Canada the Orient and South Africa.

MANU KAVIENG WE W AK RABAUL B ' m

Baiyer R Talasea I

A *fl«ch!&fen WABAG BUKA yj * “•CjACQUINOT BAY WEHARBOUR*'' INUS

Ol I Kainantu W

Lake Iv Wabamunda

KUTUBUX , KIETA LA' BULOLO BUIN KIKORI WAU

Vella Lavella

% MA KER LOUSIA DARU YULE IS

Port Moresby

YANDINAT^^ep HONIARA ESA ALA SAMARAI PORT MORESBY

6Spiritu Santo

CAIRNS VILA NOUMEA NORFOLK ISLAND BRISBANE SYDNEY Both First-Class and money-saving Tourist travel are available to man ports of call on Qantas Tnternatiom network trunk routes.

QUID QANTAS EMPIRE AIRWAYS LTD., (Inc. In Q'land), in association with 8.0.A.C.. and TEAL

Australia’S Overseas Airline

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

>3 man STOVES

Made In England

These two Coleman Stoves are of the one burner kerosene type and ore available in both silent and roarer models. Their dimensions are height inches, diameter 8J inches, approximate weight 2| lb. Both models have the some outstanding features.

Model No. 532 E

Silent Type

1. Full-Size Fount with Filler Plug of wing type. 2. Air release on side of Filler Plug 3. Heavy Brass pressure-tested Tanks. 4. Fount and Burner firmly soldered together. 5. European-type pump. 6. Grate and Grate Supports detachable to reduce shipping space. 7. Spare parts interchangeable with similar European Stoves. Representati\ ves for the Pacific Islands: Model No. 531 E

Roarer Type

54a PITT STREET SYDNEY

Robert Gillespie P T Jl T J?

PEARCE & CO. LTD.

SUVA

For Fiji Islands

1 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

Simplex Marine

ENGINES Illustrated the new popular model 5 HP. heavy duty with thrustmatic reverse gear. A fine engine, for tropical use in boats to 20 ft. long.

This engine starts easily, runs smoothly without vibration or noise and is reliable under all conditions.

Also made in 12 H.P., 20 H.P. and 3 HP. sizes.

Galvanised Chain

All sizes from l a in. to lj in. thick. Heavily galvanised chain for anchors, mooring or commercial or industrial use. Also black and tested chain for cranes or lifting equipment.

Kopsen Motor Cruisers

14 ft. open, 18 ft., 20 ft. and 22 ft. cabin raised deck. Carvel or clinker planking, b for hard daily use for please or work. Sp« up to 12 M.P.H. Good sea boats. 6 w« delivery.

Morgan Fibreglass

Outboard Boats

8 ft., 10 ft. and 10 ft. 6 in. for rowing outboard motor. Fibreglass is stronger ti steel and does not deteriorate. Several hunt have been sent to the Islands in 18 mon The best value in small boats today. reliable. Available immediately from stock.

Penta Marine

ENGINES Illustrated is the modern 6 cylinder 84 H.P. marine petrol engine. Made by Penta, Sweden, and the finest quality engine of this type in the world today. Built as a marine engine and not a conversion, this engine is suitable for boats up to 45 feet long and is economical, powerful and Also 35 H.P. 4 cylinder.

FOLDAWAY TABLES New patent table and four seats all in one piece. Fold up to suit case size and can be placed anywhere. Ideal for sun deck, garden, camping or for boats. Price £l3/5/0 complete.

SHIPCHANDLERY Navigation Lamps Anchor Winches Port Lights Steering Wheels C.Q.R. Anchors Aldis Lamps Ash Oars Compasses Koplastic Antifouling Rylard Varnish Lagoline Hull paint Dulux Yacht White Nonskid Deck Paint FW Engine Enamel Seamflex Putty Mlntor Marine Glue Copper Nails Copper Roves Copper Tacks Copper Rod Brass Rod Brass Screws Brass Bolts Copper Sheet Wire Rope Chain Shackles Thimbles Turnbuckles Swivels Steel Blocks Wood Blocks CELASTIC The modern material for sheathing boat decks and cabins. Exceedingly tough, it will not deteriorate in sun or salt water. Makes complete water tight joints of any covering. The ideal surface for boats in tropical sun.

Price 25 - per square yard.

Kopsen Steering Whei

Teak or woo steering wheels 18 to 30 in. diameter! large to orb Beautifully fitted brass rim, hub, Also available in \ metal or wood gunmetal with g:i bevel gear, or shall ASK FOR NEW BOAT & ENGINE CATALOGUE OR SHIPCHANDLERY CATALOGUE W, KOPSEN & CO. PTY. LIE 376-382 Kent Street, Sydney. Cables—Kopsen, Sydfc 2 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONT

ORON8AY ORCADES

Orcades Oron8Ay

ORSOVA ORION 1955 1955 1955 1955 1956 1956 SYDNEY depart 15 July 7 Oct. 18 Nov. 27 Jan. 2 Apr.

AUCKLAND arr/dep 18 July Prom 10 Oct. 21 Nov. 30 Jan. 6 Apr SUVA arr/dep 21 July Panama 13 Oct. 24 Nov. 2 Feb. 0 Apr.

HONOLULU arr/dep 26 July 18 Oct. 29 Nov. 7 Feb. 16 Apr.

VANCOUVER arrive 1 Aug. 24 Oct. 1 Dec. 13 Feb. 23 Apr. depart 2 Aug. 13 Sept. 25 Oct. 6 Dec. 14 Feb. 24 Apr.

SAN FRANCISCO arr 4 Aug. 27 Oct. 8 Dec. 16 Feb. 27 Apr. depart 5 Aug. 28 Oct. 9 Dec. 17 Feb. 28 Apr.

HONOLULU arr/dep 0 Aug. 18 Sept. 1 Nov. 13 Dec. 21 Feb. 3 May SUVA arr/dep 16 Aug. 25 Sept. 8 Nov. 20 Dec. 28 Feb. 11 May AUCKLAND arr/dep 10 Aug. 28 Sept. 11 Nov. 23 Dec. 2 Mar, 14 May SYDNEY arrive 22 Aug 10 Oct. 14 Nov. 26 Dec. 5 Mar. 18 May New Guinea Australia Line Regular Service from MELBOURNE, SYDNEY AND BRISBANE TO PORT MORESBY,

Samarai, Lae, Madang. Kavieng, And Rabaul

“Soochow” “Shansi”

“SINKIANG”

Agents for PAPUA: Agents for NEW GUINEA; STEAMSHIPS TRADING CO. LTD. COLYER WATSON (NEW GUINEA) LTD.

General Agents: G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD.

6 Bridge St., Sydney

Telephones: BU 1712 BU 6313 (Freight only) Cable Address: "YUILL”

Shipping Time-Tables All sailings are approximate and may vary by as much as two weeks.

Sydney-Papua-N. Guinea MV Bulolo, modern liner, sails about every six weeks: Sydney-Brisbane-Moresbyflamarai - Lae - Madang - Manus - Rabaul - Samaral-Moresby-Brlsbane-Sydney.

Next sailing September 12.

MV Malekula sails from Sydney for Samarai, Rabaul, Kavieng, Manus, Wewak, Alexlshafen, Madang, Lae, Samarai and return to Sydney. Next sailing October 1.

MV Malaita sails from Sydney for Rabaul.

Kavieng, Lombrum, Lorengau, Wewak, Alexlshafen, Madang, Lae, Sydney. Next sailing August 30.

Details from Burns Phllp & Co. Ltd., 7 Bridge Street, Sydney.

MV Fukien: Sydney - Brisbane - Port Moresby - Rabaul - Lae - Brisbane - Melbourne. Sailing August 20.

MV Soochow: Sydney - Brisbane - Port Moresby - Samarai - Sydney. Sailing September 3.

MV Shansi: Sydney - Brisbane - Port ■bresby - Samarai - Sydney. Sailing September 3. ■Details from New Guinea Australia Line (Q. S. Yuill & Co., Ltd., agents), 6 Bridge St., Sydney.

Southbound only: I MV Delos: Not yet fixed.

MV Aros: Lae, Sept. 5; Rabaul, Sept. 8: Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne.

MV Citos; Madang, Sept. 30; Lae, Oct. 2; Rabaul. Oct. 5; Honiara, Oct. 8; Vanikoro, Oct. 13; Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne.

Details from Wilh. Wilhelmsen Agency Pty., Ltd., 03 Pitt St., Sydney.

N. Zealand-Fiji-Samoa-Tonga MV Tofua maintains a service from Auckland to Suva, Nukualofa, Vavau, Niue, Pago Pago, Apia, Suva and return to Auckland.

MV Matua maintains a service from Auckland to Suva, Lautoka, Apia, Suva, Wellington, and return to Auckland. Each Autumn there is a temporary rearrangement of schedules while the respective vessels are on annual survey. Next sailings: MV Tofua; October 11.

MV Matua: September 13; does Tofua circuit.

Details from all offices of Union Steam Ship Co. of NZ.

N. Zealand-Cook Is.

The regular passenger vessel "Maul Pomare” is out of commission indefinitely.

The 700-ton freighter “Viti” is meanwhile operating a cargo service from Auckland and occasional limited passenger facilities are available on trans-Paciflc freighters.

SS Waitemata will call Rarotonga about Sept. 18, thence Auckland. SS Waihemo. same, about mid-October. MV Matua will take a special passenger-and-cargo run from Auckland Nov. 4, Rarotonga Nov. 9, Mangaia No 10, Rarotonga Nov. 11.

Auckland Nov. 17.

Full details on application to NZ Government Department of Island Territories in Wellington, or to any office of the Union SS Co. of NZ, Ltd.

Sydney-New Hebrides-BSI- Rabaul, Etc.

MV Tulagi, 10 passengers, leaves Sydney for Norfolk, Vila. Luganville, Honiara.

Australia - New Zealand - Canada - USA Sailings of Orient Line Passenger Ships, 1954-55. 3 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

Pacific Islands Transport Line

Owners: Thor Dahls Hvalfangerselskap A/S Sandefjord, Norway Motor Vessels "Thorsisle" and "Thorshall"

Regular Freight and Passenger Service between Pacific Coast Ports of U.S.A. and Canada and

Tahiti Samoa Fiji New Caledonia

New Hebrides New Guinea

GENERAL STEAMSHIP CORPORATION, LTD.

General Agents 432 California Street, San Francisco 4, Calif., U.S.A.

PAPEETE—Etablissements Donald Tahiti. APlA—Morris Hedstrom Ltd.

SUVA —Morris Hedstrom Ltd. NOUMEA—Etablissements Ballande.

PORT VlLA—Comptolrs Francais des LAE—Barns Phllp (New Guinea) Ltd.

Noavelles Hebrides. SYDNEY—Birt & Co. (Pty.) Ltd.

Linking the Pacific Islands with Europe, West Indies, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa The one class tourist liner “Southern Cross”, on her second voyage round the world, calls at Suva (November 1, 1955) and Papeete (November 5, 1955), en route to England via Panama, Curacao and Trinidad; thereafter two eastbound and two westbound voyages each year form this vessel’s round the world itinerary.

Dates subject to alteration without notice.

The new Shaw Savill T Tourist Class Liner

S. S. A Southern Cross

Minimum Fares: To England from Suva via Panama £lO5 stg. via South Africa £132 stg.

From Tahiti via Panama £lOO stg. via South Africa £l5l stg.

For full particulars apply: z / / / Fiji Any Branch or Agency Burns Philp (South Se;; Co. Ltd., Head Office: Suva.

Cable address: Burnsouth.

Tahiti Etablissements Donalfj Tahiti, Papeete Cable address : Donald Papeete.

Tenaru, Yandina, Gizo, Bougainville ports, Rabaul, Sydney.

Next sailings September 1, October 20.

Details from Burns Phllp & Co., 7 Bridge Street, Sydney.

Sydney-N. Caledonia-Tahiti Vessels of Messageries Maritimes Line coming from Marseilles, via West Indies and Panama, call about every six weeks at Papeete, Vila (New Hebrides), Noumea and Sydney, and return by same route.

From Sydney: Tahitien, October 12; Caledonien, August 23.

From Papeete for Sydney; Caledonien, December 13; Tahitien, September 17.

MV Polynesie (Messageries Maritimes) maintains about monthly passenger sailings between Sydney and Noumea and the New Hebrides. Next sailings August 26, September 16.

SS Neo Hebridais-11, 1.266 tons, maintains a regular cargo service between Sydney and Noumea, and four charter trips per annum to Wallis Is. via Suva.

Owners: Soc. Miniere et Maritime Hagen, Noumea. Sydney agents: H. C. Sle Ltd.. 115 York Street.

Sydney-S. Africa-UK-Pacifi Ports-Sydney Shaw Savill’s new one-class all-passei liner Southern Cross makes four rou the-world voyages per year, sai alternately west - bound and east - boi with regular calls at Suva and Pape Next voyage east-bound, calling £ November 1, Papeete November 5.

N. America-Fiji-Hebrides, e Pacific Islands Transport Li vessels Thorsisle and Thorshall mi tain a regular service from Pai Coast North American ports, with saill every 35-40 days to French Ocea Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, New Caledonia, Hebrides, and New Guinea. Some p depend on cargoes offering. Next sail Thorsisle: Departs Lae Aug. 25, Seattle Sept. 20. Thorshall: Departs Francisco Sept. 3, Los Angeles Sept: Papeete Sept. 20, Pago Pago Sept.

Apia Sept. 28, Suva Oct. 4, Lautoka 7, Noumea Oct. 12 for Seattle, due Oct: Details from General Steamships 0 poration Ltd., 432 California St., Francisco, U.S.A., and Island Agents ad.).

U.S.-PAPEETE-PAGO PAGO-N.Z.- AUSTRALIA Matson-Oceanic Line of San Franc operates a regular passenger-cargo sen from Los Angeles. Southern terminal p vary with cargoes offering. Vessels cal Papeete, Pago Pago, and Suva, depenj on cargoes.

SYDNEY-SUVA-HONOLULU- VANCOUVER Pacific Shipowners, Ltd., of & (subsidiary of W. R. Carpenter & operate a regular service twice yearly 4 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH!

London - Suva

tfRECT S£^ «\V v,A 7 Ca V PANAMA V For Sailings and Further Particulars Apply To:

Bethell, Gwyn & Co. Ltd., Burns Philp (South Sea)

138 LEADENHALL ST., co - LTD » LONDON, E.C.3. SUVA, FUI

Australia-West Pacific Line

Regular Monthly Sailings

Trading Northbound from ADELAIDE, MELBOURNE, SYDNEY and BRISBANE to SANDAKAN, MANILA, HONG KONG and main JAPANESE PORTS.

Southbound from JAPAN, HONG KONG and MANILA to MADANG, LAE, RABAUL, HONIARA, VANIKORO thence main AUSTRALIAN PORTS.

Aros-Citos-Delos

Cargo Service, with Luxurious Passenger Accommodation, by Fast New Motor Vessels specially built for the Far Eastern Trade. issssi General and Refrigerated Cargo Space; also Special Mechanical Ventilation for Fruit, Vegetables, etc., in ’tween decks.

M.V. DELOS —A.W.P. Line's new motorship for Australian-Far East trade.

MANAGING AGENTS IN AUSTRALIA: WILH. WILHELMSEN AGENCY PTY. LTD., 63 Pitt St., Sydney. 'Phone: BU 6301. Branch Office at Melbourne: 51 William St. 'Phone: MU 5906.

AUSTRALIAN AGENTS: Brisbane & Adelaide: Gibbs, Bright & Co.

ISLAND AGENTS: Madang, Mr. A. Strachan,- Lae, Mr. R. Tebb; Rabaul, Town Transport Ltd.; Honiara, Government Trade Scheme.

FAR EASTERN AGENTS: Dodwell & Co. Ltd., Manila, Hong Kong & Japan. the 10,000 ton, 98-passenger vessel Lakemba along the above route. Accommodation Is entirely First Class, two-berth cabins. Next sailings from Sydney late December, 1955, and late April, 1956. j Details from American Trading & Shipping Co. Pty., Ltd., Sydney.

Airways Time-Tables

Trans-Pacific Services

1. Australia (or NZ)-Fiji- Hawaii-N. America

By Pan-American Airways

With Strato Clippers, using Sleeperettes and Berths* Tues., Thur., Sat. —Sydney - Nadi - Canton Is. - Honolulu - San Francisco - Seattle - [ Portland.

Wed., Sat., Mon. —Return same route. [ * DC4 from Auckland connects, arriving Nadi Tues., Thur., Sat., departing Nadi Wed., Frl., Mon.

By Qantas Empire Airways

(Super Constellation Service) NORTHWARDS Tues., Thur.* and Sat.* Sydney-Nadi (Flji)- Canton Is. - Honolulu - San Francisco — | with every Saturday service extending I to Vancouver.

SOUTHWARDS Wed., Fri.,* Sun.* San Francisco - | Honolulu - Nadi (Fiji) - Sydney. (Note: | Crosses date-line enroute). f Two services Tuesday northbound and Wednesday southbound—are “Connoisseur”

First class only.

TEAL DC6 services between Auckland and Nadi connect at Nadi Tues. and Sat. northwards; Wed. and Sun. southwards.

By Canadian Pacific Airlines

(With Super DC-6B Aircraft)* [Every Wednesday—Sydney-Auckland-Nadi (Fiji)-Honolulu-Vancouver-Amsterdam.

Every Sunday leave Vancouver by same route. (Note: Crosses date-line enroute). • Tourist Class Services are available on these planes at 20 per cent, lesf normal fares.

Sectional Services In

PACIFIC 2. Sydney-New Guinea Service by Qantas Empire Airways (Skymasters)* NORTHWARDS Mondays, Tuesdays, and Saturdays.

Depart: Arrive: Lae, 11.20 am Moresby, 12.35 pm Moresby, 1.45 am Brisbane, 8.20 pm Depart; Arrive: Sydney, 8.00 pm Brisbane, 10.45 pm Brisbane, 11.45 pm Moresby, 6.35 am (Tues., Wed.,Sun.) Moresby, 7.55 am Lae, 9.10 am Thursdays Depart: Arrive: Sydney, 8 pm Brisbane, 10.45 pm Brisbane, 11.45 pm Townsville, 3.30 am (Friday) Townsville, 4.15 am Cairns. 5.25 am Cairns. 6.25 am Port Moresby. 9.15 am Port Moresby, 10.45 am Lae, 12.00 am SOUTHWARDS Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Sundays. 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

K on The Sign of Quality Products Q m m Quality Diesel Sets 240 VOLT A.C.-32 VOLT

D.C. Dual Purpose

Diesel Set

This Braybon electric start unit is designed to satisfy the needs of those requiring a single plant for supplying 240 volt A.C. power for domestic appliances and electric motors for pumping units, saw benches, etc., up to 1 HP and at the same time charging 32 volt batteries for domestic lighting, which elimnates the necessity of running a plant during the evening for only a few lights. 21 Kw. Dual Purpose PRICE : £395/0/0 F. 0.8. Sydney We Manufacture Plants from 1 KVA to 60 KVA: Your Engine fitted if Preferred 11 KVA 240 VOLT A.C or 110 VOLT A.C. SET This low priced economical to operate 1,500 watt A.C. diesel plant will power 25-60 watt lamps and operate movie projectors, irons, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, etc.

Also pumping machines, electric drills and workshop equipment with motors not exceeding 1/3 HP.

Available as electric remote start/stop if required.

Price : £247/10/0 F. 0.8. Sydney li KVA Set

Braybon Bros. Pty. Ltd

27-33 WASHINGTON STREET, SYDNEY.

Cables: “Braybonian”, Sydney.

Write for further particulars on the “All Australian Plants" 6 AUGUST. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH

The Garrick Hotel

Suva, Fiji

M \Hm k M * This well-known Hotel is centrally situated in Suva’s main business quarter ;; Modern accommodation provides comfort in all climatic conditions :: Only the best of Beers, Spirits and Wines is served.

Telephone: 80. VINCE COSTELLO, Proprietor.

Brisbane, 9.45 pm Sydney, 12.30 am Saturdays.

Depart: Arrive: r Lae. 7.00 am Moresby, 8.15 am Moresby, 9.45 am Cairns, 12.35 pm ■Cairns, 3.05 pm Townsville, 4.15 pm Townsville. 5.00 pm Brisbane, 8.45 pm Brisbane, 9.45 pm Sydney, 12.30 am 3. N. Guinea Internal Services Operated by Qantas LAE—HOLLANDIA (Dutch New Guinea) (DCS) lyternate Wednesdays (Sept. 7, etc.). ([Departs Lae 10.30 am, calls at Madang I and Wewak, and arrives at Hollandia I 3.0 pm. Every alternate Thursday I (Sept. 8, etc.), depart Hollandia at ■ 9.30 am, and, with calls at Wewak and ■ Madang, arrives Lae at 3.40 pm.

Lae-Manus (Dcs)

I Every Wednesday.

Dep. Lae, 10.45 am; Finschhafen, Rabaul, f Kavieng, arr. Manus 5.45 pm.

Returns Saturdays (dep. 8 am), via I Kavieng, Rabaul and Finschhafen; arr.

I Lae, 2.55 pm.

MORESBY-DARU (Catalina) rVia Yule Is., Kerema, Kikori, L. Kutubu.— I Every alternate Friday returning same ft day (Sept. 2. etc.).

Port Moresby-Rabaul

(Catalina) kit. Tue. (Sept. 6, etc. i Fort Moresby - I Samarai-Esa’ala-Losuia-Moewe Harb - I Talasea-Jacquinot Bay-Rabaul. Return- I ing via same ports (except Losuia and ■ Esa-ala optional) alt. Thu. (Sept. 8, 1 etc.).

New Britain-Bougainville

(Catalina) nit. Wed.—Rabaul - -Buka - Kieta - Buln I (Sept. 7, etc.). Returning same day.

LAE-MADANG-WEWAK-MANUS-

Kavieng-Rabaul Service

(DCS) iMon , Thur. Dep. Lae 6.30 am, Madang I arr. 7.35 am Wewak, Manus Is., I Kavieng. Rabaul arr. 3.40 pm.

Tue. only Dep. Rabaul 8.00 am direct I Madang. arr. 10.50 am, Wewak, I Madang, Lae arr. 4.35 pm.

Central Highlands

(DCS) ftridays—Lae (8.30 am) to Wabamunda, I calling at any of: Goroka, Nondugl, I Banz, Minj, Mt. Hagen, Baiyer R., I Wabag, Wabamunda. Return to Lae I arriving 6 pm.

Lower Highlands

(Beaver) Fridays.—Lae (7.30 am) to Goroka, call- ■ ing at any of: Nadzab. Kaiapit, Gusap, I Goroka, Arena. Arrival back at Lae ft depends on stops made.

Lae-Bulolo-Wau (Dcs)

Dep Lae. —Mon. 7.30 am, Tues. 2 pm, ft Wed. 11.30 am, Fri. 2.00 pm. pep. Wau. —Mon. 9 am, Tues. 3.30 pm, I Wed. 1 pm, Fri. 3.30 pm. Bulolo is ■ omitted on these flights which take 35 ft minutes, Wau-Lae.

Madang-Goroka (Dcs)

pridays. —Depart Madang 8.25 am, arrive I Goroka 9.00 am, returning same day; ■ depart Goroka 9.30 am, arrive Madang ft 10.5 am.

New Guinea-New Britain

(DCS) ftridays—Depart Lae 12.55 pm, Finschhafen 1.45 pm, arrive Rabaul 3.55 pm.

Saturdays—Depart Rabaul 10 am, Madang I 1.25 pm. arrive Lae 2.30 pm.

Sundays—Depart Lae 12 noon, Finschhafen 1 1 pm, Rabaul 3.10 pm.

Rabaul 5.45 am. Finsch- ■ hafen 8.10 am, arrive Lae 8.45 am.

Services By Mandated Airlines

Scheduled Flights with DCS Aircraft Mon.: Depart Lae at 7.30 am for Qoroka, Madang, Wewak, Madang, Rabaul remaining overnight.

Tues.: Depart Rabaul at 6.30 am for Madang, Wewak, Madang, Goroka, Lae.

Depart Lae 7.30 am for Goroka, Wau, Port Moresby, Wau, Goroka, Lae.

Thurs.: Depart Lae at 7.30 am for Goroka, Wau, Port Moresby, Wau, Goroka, Lae.

Fri.: Depart Lae at 7 am for Madang, Wewak, Momote, Kavieng, Rabaul remaining overnight.

Sat.; Depart Rabaul at 7 am for Kavieng Momote, Wewak, Madang, Goroka, Lae. 4. Aust.-Dutch N. Guinea By KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.

A weekly service with Super-Cons, between Sydney and Amsterdam with a call at Biak, DNG, and Manila, Philippines.

DC3 aircraft link Biak with Hollandia Sorong, Merauke, Tenah Merah, and Manokwari. 5. N. Guinea-Solomons By Qantas with DCS (Three flights every four weeks) Monday (September 12, 19, 26) Lae (dep. 6 am) Finschhafen Rabaul Buka Vellalavella Yandlna Honiara, BSI (arriving 5.25 pm).

Tuesday (September 13, 20. 27) Honiara (dep. 7 am) Yandlna —Vellalavella Buka Rabaul Lae (arriving 3.35 pm). 6. Indo-China-Brisbane- N. Caledonia By Air France, Monthly.

Constellation aircraft depart Saigon August 29 for Darwin - Brisbane - Noumea and return. Depart Noumea, September 1.

Australian agents: Messagerles Maritlmes. 7. Sydney-Lord Howe Is.

By Ansett Airways Pty., Ltd., (With Sandringham Flying-boats) Return flight each Tuesday and Saturday. 8. Sydney-Norfolk Is.

By Qantas, with Skymasters Alternate Thursdays (September 8, etc.) returning same day. 9. Sydney-New Hebrides By Qantas with Skymasters (Fortnightly) Flying-boats were replaced by Skymasters in June. Service now terminates at Tontouta (N. Caledonia) until Vila- Santo airfields ready later in year.

Depart; Arrive: Sydney, alt. Wed. Tontouta, alt. Thur.

Aug. 31, etc.) (Sept. 1, etc.) 7 11.30 pm. am.

Tontouta, alt. Thur. Sydney, alt. Thur. (Sept. 1, etc.) 9.30 (Sept. 1, etc.) 3.20 am. pm. 10. Sydney-N. Caledonia-Fiji By Qantas with Skymaster. (Monthly) (Aug. 28, Sept. 23, etc.) Depart: Arrive: Sydney, Fri., 11.30 Tontouta, Sat., 7 pm. am.

Tontouta, Sat 8 am. Nadi, Sat., 1.30 pm Nadi, Sun., 9.45 am. Tontouta, 1.15 pm.

Tontouta, Sun, 2.15 Sydney, Sun., 8.05 pm. pm. 11. Auckland-Norfolk Is.

By NZ National Airways, with DCS’s (Every Sunday) August 21, one flight; August 28, two flights. Service ceases September 4. (See page 140). 12. Auckland-Sydney Tasman Empire Airways, with DC6 aircraft.

Mon., Thur., Fri.: Dep. Auckland 9.15 am, arr. Sydney 1.00 pm. 7 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

A52/PIM

Travel Royal

Across The Atlantic

only 8.0.A.C. offers (Uk-detketL Stratocruisers

First And Tourist Class

SERVICES AJA C r.

Enjoy luxury flying at its best by 8.0.A.C. Stratocruisers between New York or Montreal and London. These double-decked Speedbirds fly smoothly above the weather.

On the “MONARCH” exclusively-first-class service you relax in deepseated ease . . . stroll about . . . meet friends in lounge and bar . . . enjoy the finest of wines with delightful meals. Roomy sleeping berths at slightly extra charge.

The “CORONET” Tourist service offers all that is best in low-fare international air travel.

Incomparable 8.0.A.C. service—no tips, no extras.

See your Travel Agent for complete trip-planning help—no charge.

Australia, Indonesia, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Ceylon, India, Pakistan, Middle East, Africa, Europe, Great Britain, U.S.A., Canada, Central and South America, Bermuda. f l MM BRITISH OVERSEAS AIRWAYS CORPORATION WITH QANTAS, TEAL AND S.A.A.

Wed., Sun.: Dept. Auckland 11.15 a. arr Sydney 3.00 pm.

Tue., Sat.: Dep. Sydney 10.00 aj arr. Auckland 5.15 pm.

Mon., Thur., Fri.: Dep. Sydney 3.00 pi arr. Auckland 10.15 pm. 13. Christchurch-Sydney Tasman Empire Airways, with DC6 aircraft.

Mon., Fri.: Dep. Christchurch 5.00 pi arr. Sydney 8.40 pm.

Mon., Thurs.: Dep. Sydney 8.00 am, a: Christchurch 3.10 pm. 14. Christchurch-Melbourii Tasman Empire Airways, with DC6 aircraft.

Thurs.: Dep. Christchurch 5.00 pm, ai Melbourne 9.30 pm.

Fri.: Dep. Melbourne 7.00 am, arr. Chrh church 3.00 pm. 15. New Zealand-Fiji Tasman Empire Airways, with DC6 aircraft.

Tue., Sat.; Dep. Auckland 1.15 am, ai Nandi 6.30 pm.

Wed., Sun.: Dep. Nandi 11.00 am, a Auckland 4.25 pm. 16. Fiji-Tahiti Tasman Empire Airways, with Solent aircraft.

Service normally fortnightly, with ex: flights during Winter tourist season required.

Departs Suva Friday 9 am, crosses dat line, arrives Satapuala (W. Sami.

Thur. 2 pm, departs Fri. 2 am, arrii Aitutaki 7.30 am, departs 9.30 8 arrives Papeete 2 pm. Departs Pape Sun. 7.30 am, arrives Aitutaki 11 s departs 1 pm, arrives Satapuala 5: pm, departs Mon 7 am, crosses da line, arrives Suva Tues., 9.55 am.

Leaves Suva Sept. 7, 16, 30; Papeete St 9, 18, Oct. 2. 17. Fiji-Tonga Tasman Empire Airways, with Solent aircraft.

Irregular Service.

Dep. Suva 6.30 am. Arr. Nukualofa S am. Dep. Nukualofa 9.50 am. i Suva 4.55 pm.

Next flights: September 13, October 18. Fiji Internal Airway Fiji Airways, Ltd. Drover and Rapide Aircraft.

Suva-Nadi-Suva: Two flights daily ext: Mon., Wed.

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Suva-Labasa-Suva: Daily except Sun.

Suva-Labasa-Nadi-Suva: Sat.

Suva - Labasa - Savusavu - Taveuc Suva: Mon., Wed.

Suva-Savusavu-Suva: Mon., Wed., Fri. .

Suva - Taveuni - Savusavu - Labas Suva: Tues., Thur. 19. French Oceania Inter Island Service Regie Aerienne Interinsulaire (Amphibious Catalina) Twice weekly service to the Leew Group.

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Friday: Papeete-Huahine-Ralatea-Pap*< Booking agents in Papeete: Message Maritimes. 8 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH

r FROM SYDNEY (Aust. currency) TO— Table Single Return No. |joresby £48 11 0 £83 16 0 2 Lae . . 55 7 0 99 13 0 2 Rabaul .. 64 19 0 116 19 0 2. 3 Honiara 80 7 0 146 13 0 5 Noumea 38 15 0 69 15 0 10. 9. 8 Norfolk Is. 27 10 0 49 10 0 8 %. Howe . 12 15 0 25 10 0 7 Nadi 58 15 0 105 15 0 1 Suva . . . 73 5 0 131 15 0 10 Auckland . 47 5 0 85 1 0 12 ■Ingtn. . 47 5 0 85 1 0 13 Honolulu . 243 6 0 437 19 0 1 8. Fran’co 301 7 0 542 9 0 1 Vancouver 301 7 0 542 9 0 1 Nukualofa 92 9 0 165 19 0 1. 10, 17 Apia 97 7 0 175 3 0 1. 10, 17 jUtutaki .

Papeete 119 8 0 214 19 0 1. 10, 17 ■(direct) 139 2 0 250 8 0 1. 18, 16 ■FROM AUCKLAND (NZ currency) TO — Table Single Return No.

Suva . . . 44 8 0 80 19 0 1, 15 Apia 52 3 0 94 18 0 16 Aitutaki 72 12 0 141 14 0 16 Papeete 87 11 0 158 12 0 15. 16, 18 Nukualofa 54 9 0 99 1 0 15. 17, 18 /jolin J3arrac(oucih /V ju BEACH ROAD, RUSHCUTTERS BAY, SYDNEY Australia’s leading small Ship Brokers.

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Maui Pomare Will Return to Cooks BECAUSE no replacement can be found, the NZ Government ship Maui Pomare is to be refurbished to return to the Cook Islands trade. A Government statement on August 9 indicated that the veteran ship should be back in service by the end of the year.

Meanwhile the Viti is also laid up at Auckland for repairs.

Orient Line To

INCREASE

Pacific Service

THE chairman of the Orient Line, recently reporting on the year’s operations, indicated that the frequency of the trans-Pacific service will soon be increased.

“A satisfactory fact,” said the chairman, “is that our dollar revenue already exceeds our dollar expenditure by more than we had dared to hope when we decided to try our fortunes in the Pacific.”

He added that results to date have encouraged the company to institute six voyages a year in each direction.

It had been demonstrated that “many passengers are prepared to wait quite a long time for a ship, rather than travel by air.”

Orient instituted the service in January, 1954. (Return of US Matson Liners: Page 136) 9 pacific islands monthly august. 1955

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Distributed in AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND and the following PACIFIC ISLANDS: Australian Territories: Papua.

Norfolk Is. Cocos Is.

Aost. Trustee Territories: New Guinea. Nauru.

British Protectorates: Solomon Is.

Tonga.

British Crown Colonies: Fiji.

Gilbert & EUlce.

N.Z. Territories: Cook Is. Niue.

N.Z. Trust Territory: W. Samoa.

French Territories: N. Caledonia.

French Oceania.

Anglo-French Condominium: New Hebrides.

U.S. Territories: E. Samoa. Hawaii.

U.S. Trust Territory: Micronesia (Caroline, Marshall & Mariana).

Butch Territory; W. New Guinea.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON.

Assistant Editor: JUDY TUDOR.

Business Manager;

Belwyn Hughes

TELEPHONES; General Business.

Editorial, Advertising, Subscriptions: MA 9197, MA 9198.

G.P.O. BOX 3408, SYDNEY.

Registered Address for Telegrams.

Radiograms, and Cables: “Pacpub,”

Sydney.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: In Australia and New Zealand and Australian, NZ, and Br.

Pacific Islands .. .. £ 1 4 0 New Caledonia, Tahiti . £l7 0 Elsewhere 3V 2 US Dollars £1 10 0

Representative In New

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REPRESENTATIVE IN LONDON.

U.K.: J. T. Wallis, 13 Rood Lane, London, E.C.3., England.

MELBOURNE OFFICE: Newspaper House, 247 Collins St.—Tel.; Cent. 2053.

AGENTS: All main trading firms and stores in the Pacific Islands.

Pacific Islands Monthly (Contents: No. 1 Vol. XXVI August, 1955 Editorial: England Could Not Care Less About South Pacific’s Problems 13 Controversy Over Use of “Papuan” 15 Do You Remember? —Extracts From PIM 20 Years Ago .. 16 Future of the South Pacific Copra Industry 17 Adequate Care of Workers Pays Dividends 19 Editors’ Mailbag 20 Travel Notes: From East to West 21 Burgers Family Moves from Java to Buka 24 Ten Years’ Changes in P-NG 27 Territories Talk-Talk .. .. 29 Islanders Visiting Europe .. 34 News from Correspondents in P-NG 37 Suva Crime Outbreak Causes Alarm 50 Uniforms Suggested for P-NG Patrol Officers 51 Eastern Samoa Makes Plans 55 NG Customs Red Tape Untangled 59 Kon-Tiki Debate Moves to Easter Island 61 Expansion of Adi Cakobau School, Fiji 63 New Caledonia Has Population Query 65 Chance for Islands Writers .. 67 Fewer Handouts, More Facts Wanted in P-NG 69 Fiji’s Record Imports 75 Islanders Move to Noumea .. 79 MAGAZINE SECTION; Tropicalities, 81: New Britain Drama of 1885, 83; Call at Penrhyn Island, 85; Ata in Whaling Days, 86; Book Reviews 87 Ancient Polynesian Navigation (2) 89 Samoan Copra and Cocoa Quality Slips 92 American Timber Company in Fiji 93 Suicide Drama at Noumea .. 100 The Lily and the Snark Debate Wound Up 101 NC’s Oil Search Marks Time 103 SP Commission Plans Fishing School 105 News of the Small-ships .. 107 Fijian Workers Defended .. 121 Western Samoans Again Urge Self-Government 123 Too Many Islanders Move to NZ 125 Cardinal Gilroy’s Tour of Islands 127 UN’s Cautionary Tale for Australia 129 News of Island Boxers .. .. 135 Washington Debate on New Matson Liners 136 OBITUARY: J. J. McHugh, Canon Jennings, Mrs. B.

Minogue, O. Michael, E. S.

Ruthven 139 NZNAC Drops Norfolk Is. .. 140 Village Tax-defaulters in NG 141 For Radio Amateurs 147 The Geophysical Year .. .. 148 New Village for Suva Fijian Workers 149 Papuan Planters Want Copra Board System 155 Manus Base is Puzzling to Visitor 159 Cargo Cult Inquiry at Rabaul 163 “Biblical” Tribesmen 165 Colombo Plan Criticised .. .. 166 Commercial and Markets .. 168 A Product of Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Technipress House, 29 Alberta Street, Sydney. (29 Alberta Street is 10 yards from the intersection of Goolbnrn Slrert and Wentworth Avenue.)

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Geneva “Agreement”

Amounts to Nothing LONDON, July 24.

To-day, the world’s newspapers are blazoning a closing announcement by “a spokesman for the Western Powers” that the Geneva “conference at the summit” had reached agreement on all points. Some even are shouting that “the Cold War is over.”

I have read everything available to-day on this socalled agreement, and I do not feel obliged to alter one word of the accompanying article, which I completed yesterday.

All that has been achieved by Geneva’s Summit Conference is an agreement that the Foreign Ministers of the four Powers shall meet again in October, and will again try to find, for all four Powers, acceptable formulae to cover a settlement on European security, German reunification, internal disarmament, and the development of closer contacts between West and East.

But Bulganin’s closing speech showed that Russia’s position on all these basic issues has not changed by one iota, despite all this talk of “the spirit of Geneva.” Russia will agree to nothing regarding security and disarmament unless she has positive guarantees that a reunited Germany will not be admitted to the Western bloc; and, in any case, Russia desires that the process of German reunification shall be delayed as long as possible.

If Britain and USA were to d.esert Germany now, in order to appease Russia, a new and even more dangerous situation would develop in Central Europe. Except that it brought the world’s four leaders together in an atmosphere of great conviviality, the Geneva Summit Conference achieved nothing. — R. W. ROBSON.

Editorial. . .

England Could Not Care Less

About South Pacific’S Problems

Despatch From R. W. Robson

LONDON, July 22.

YESTERDAY, within a few miles of this place, the four Top Leaders (Eden, Eisenhower, 3ulganin and Faure) and attendant Ministers were struggling hard to find formulae wherewith to end the Cold War and the armaments race.

I Yesterday and to-day, England and South Africa are having a tussle here in the cricket-field, in their Fourth Test.

I Yesterday and to-day the “popular”

London newspapers, from edition to edition, are screaming with excitement about the incidents of the cricket match. Only a few of the sober ones (which definitely are not read by the masses) are giving prominence to reports of the momentous conference at Geneva.

I That is the measure of England’s interest in international development at Geneva, where the immediate future of the Western Powers, and the ultimate future of mankind, are being decided.

I That also is a fair indication of what the people of the South Pacific can expect from Britain in the way of interest in our future. Our future, in relation to Southeast Asia, is irrevocably bound up with Cold War events in Western Europe; and events in Western Europe will give shape to early developments in Southeast Asia. But 99.9 per cent, of people here do not know where SE Asia is.

THE leaders of the Western Powers moved political mountains in order to get their three Governmental heads into personal consultation with Bulganin, the Soviet head. It was argued—and there was a kind of desperation in the argument—that if these four strong men once stood face to face, and were invited to gaze jointly upon this last decade’s terrifying drift towards World War 111 and extermination under the atom bomb, ■ley would find some means of fettling their differences other than by “the arbitrament of war.”

I So a 6-months’ period of Muscovite cooing culminated at Geneva, P week ago, in well-staged demonstrations of hearty goodfellowshin, With the Big Four toasting each §ther in the choicest wines, and old ,soldiers Eisenhower and Zhukov Ipgaging in a bout of hearty backllapping.

I But to-day, as this is written, the ■Big Four Conference is deadlocked inability to find a formula for (a) disarmament, and (b) the unification of Germany. It looks as if the Big Four will go home this week-end, amid a spate of soothing words —“we have discussed principles, and the implementation of them must now be worked out by our respective Foreign Ministers”— but in the knowledge that little really has been accomplished.

As one can see it here to-day, it appears as if the Cold War (ceaseless subversive activities, increasing armaments, constant and intense watchfulness) will go on. Russia may alter her master-plan for world domination, but will never abandon it of her own free will.

THE crux of it all is Germany, of course. To prevent Moscow’s countless armies from overrunning Western Europe, Britain and USA must have a dependable partner in Western Europe. France, deteriorating politically and cruelly embarrassed by events in her African and Asian colonies, is more of a liability than an asset to her nominal allies. When this became evident, last year, London and Washington moved quickly to the rehabilitation of Germany; and Germany’s response has been remarkable.

By hard work and high spirit, the Germans already have made Western Germany strong; and there is no doubt that, given half a chance, the now Communist-held Eastern Germany would line up with Western Germany. And a united Germany, given arms, is capable alone of smashing the now formidable Red empire of the Muscovites.

There is an age-old, deathless hate between Teuton and Slav; and, in a clash between the two, there is never any doubt of the result.

Moscow was infuriated to see its highly successful campaign for the “communisation” of China and SE Asia, and for the crippling penetration of France and Italy by countless Red agents, checkmated by the rapid rise of Germany in 1954-5 as an industrial and political force.

Since mid-1954, every resource of Moscow cunning and diplomacv has been turned upon the task of keeping Germany out of the Western camp; and her apparently amiable agreement to meet the Big Three at Geneva is merely part of that effort.

Many high-sounding phrases were used this week at Geneva, but all boiled down to this: Russia would not accept the Western Powers’ plea (that the armaments race should end, and international security be maintained by pacts policed by UNO, and German unification permitted through free general elections in both divisions) unless the West gave an undertaking that Germany would not be admitted to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. USA and Britain obviously were not going thus to abandon the strongest of the various factors which have come to their aid since Russia raised her Iron Curtain and launched her campaign of world-conquest nearly ten years ago. (Continued Overleaf) 13 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

Quarter-Century Messages ' T'O the hundreds of PIM * readers who have sent messages of congratulations on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary and the Quarter-Century Issue of “Pacific Islands Monthly,” in July, we say simply: Thank you, indeed”

The words of praise for the attractive issue, with its cover and opening sections in colour, have been ample compensation for the technical difficulties involved in producing the special number.

The PIM was established 25 years ago to give service to Islands residents —that is still our aim, for the next 25 years.

THOSE who imagined that, at long last, Russia had had a change of heart, now know better. If Russia is soft-pedalling her Cold War, it is not because she is ashamed of what she has done to a peace-loving world since it formed its clumsy UNO in 1945-6, or is abandoning any of her plans to carry the hammer-and-sickle symbol into every nation. It is merely that she has been guilty of racial misjudgment.

China, which was to be Moscow’s mainstay and inspiration in the East during the painful process of establishing World Communism, is developing ideas of her own. Already, throughout the East, the term “Sinoism” (the outwards thrust of a new and aggressive China) is being heard. It is taking the place of the Japanese Co-Prosperity Sphere, which was so prominent in the 30’s and early 40’s.

There is persistent rumour that all is not well between Moscow and Peking. It is not to be expected that there will be any more similarity of view between Chou En-lai and Bulganin, than there is between Anthony Eden and Nehru. The viewpoints of such men are mostly definite, distinct and irreconcilable.

The Geneva Conference of the Big Four, therefore does not seem to offer any real hope of an easing of the Cold War. As Prime Minister Eden has just pointed out, Russia started this Cold War in 1945-6, when the Western nations had disarmed almost to the point of nakedness; her sabre-rattling forced us all to rearm again to avoid Communist enslavement; and we are not going to again disarm unless we have certain pledges and assurances.

Russia will not give those pledges.

THAT is the position in Europe.

This is how it reacts upon us in the South Pacific (Australia, New Zealand and the South Sea Islands), as I see it here to-day: • The Western Powers are so deeply preoccupied with the problem of their own survival—in the event of the Cold War becoming hot —that they have no thought and few armed forces to spare for us. • Our very natural fear that a spill-over from Asia, southwards, will mean our eventual extermination is regarded with wide-eyed wonder by most people here. (I met a group of Conservative MP’s in a House of Commons room on Monday, July 18, and tried to describe for them the conditions I had personally seen in Indonesia, Malaya and Singapore in May and June— the uprising of Asian races who hate the Europeans, and who surely will push us out as soon as they have the strength and opportunity; the steady weakening of the British hold upon the Europeans’ last remaining gateway in SE Asia; failure of the British to realise that, when they give away their Empire in India, Burma, Ceylon, Soudan, etc., they also are giving away protected markets for British goods—a n d anyone can see that unless Britain maintains her overseas markets, she is headed for economic disaster. Discussion was lively, but comments and questions indicated that these people cannot see the Asian and Pacific woods for the Western European trees.) • Britain knows little and cares less about our special problems— such as the future of Solomons and New Hebrides; Indonesian claims to Western New Guinea; how best resist the increasing pressure upi us to permit Asian immigration in our Territories. Without a Cold W: Britain perhaps might try to me us, so as to hold her very valualf South Pacific markets. With a Co War on her hands, Britain finds a anxieties about Asia mostly an ei barrassment. • It is important to realise th while we of the South Pacific a forming ever-closer ties with tf United States, the official Brit:; dislike Americans, while the ncc official British are completely ; different about the national impoi ance of maintaining good relatio with the great friendly Power WHO's Second Nursing Education Seminar Held at Suva The United Nations World Health Organisation's second nursing education seminar was held at Suva in July. Pacific Island territories, Australia, New Zealand and south-east Asia countries were represented. In this picture are, from left to right: Back Row: R. Adam (Fiji), C. Lun (Cambodia), L. Loach (Fiji), N. Hill (Fiji), M. Farlan (Western Samoa), K. Lyman (Japan), J. Jones (Papua and New Guinea), E. Matheson (WHO staff), L. Yargan (Vietnam), N. Conway (Singapore), A. Reid (WHO staff), M. Chalmers (Singapore), W, Visscher (WHO staff), P. Chomley (Australia), E. V. Pitts (New Zealand), E. Bowen (WHO staff), G. Williams (Fiji), N. M. McDonald (Australia), K. Suliai (Trust Territories of the Pacific), F. Drees (Director of the Seminar), R.

Rendeules (WHO staff).

Middle Row: K. Li (WHO staff), M. Phon (Cambodia), J. Waterer (WHO staff), D. Cowsill (Singapore), R. Henderson (Fiji), M. Paton (Fiji), J. Macaulay (Fiji), J. van Ketten (Netherlands New Guinea), V. Mackenzie (Fiji), J. Craig (Australia), M. L. Jackson (New Zealand), E.

B. Orbell (New Zealand), P. Goodwin (New Zealand), C. Fall (Australia), K. Clark (Mali Sister Dorothea (Fiji), O. Guerrero (Guam) Simmonds (Fiji), H. D. Bao (Vietnam).

Front Row: F. Mataele (Tonga), L. Ramsia (Fiji), G. Kim (Korea), A. Maeda (Japan), Tan (Sarawak), F. D. Elegardo (Philippic) T. Yu (Taiwan), E. Hill (WHO staff), C. (Hongkong), S. Nagano (Japan), A. A. Kibi[?] (Philippines), Woo Soo Chin (Malaya), T. (Vietnam), S. H. Hong (Korea), M. P[?] (Singapore), E. Fong (Brunei). —Photo by Cas

America. I personally have heard the highest British officials ascribe much of their troubles in the Far East to “the blundering anti- (golonialism of these untrained American diplomats.” * * * B My outstanding impression, based on scores of private interviews with official and non-official British in high places, is sharp disappointment with British failure to recognise that, in the South Pacific, there is another and—in a racial sense —a cleaner and more virile Britain, eager to protect what it holds and to establish happier and healthier Jiving standards for the common man.

I The United Kingdom British fail generally to realise that their indifference towards the South Pacific British and their aspirations is driving the latter towards North America.

I If present conditions continue for ■ftnother two or three decades, the then effective generation of people in Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands will have formed with Canadians and Americans much stronger ties than with Western Europe. Already, whether icnsciously or not, we look to North America for protection against Asia my inquiries and discussions mere indicate that the present generation of dispirited Englishmen could not care less about it, anyway.

BP's Plan Big New Buildings In Central Suva Prom Our Own Correspondent TWO substantial new buildings are to be erected in central I Suva by Burns Philp (South Sea* Co. Ltd. lOn the now vacant site of McDonald’s Hotel in Victoria Parade (a 1952 hurricane casualty) BP’s will buid a two-storeyed, tlshaped block of shops and offices extending from the Bank of New Zealand almost to the Victoria Cafe building.

A patio, or central court, will be an unusual feature for Suva. A vivid tropical garden is planned for the middle of the court, and round it will be 14 shops protected by a verandah.

I The patio will be 50 ft across.

B On the Victoria Parade frontage there will be three large shops and two arcades giving access to the central court.

I Offices will be on the second floor.

I The second new building, which will house BP’s motor and tractor sales departments, will be built on the firm’s land in Princes Street, opposite the big headquarters Ibuilding and on a corner facing the Metropole Hotel.

With a tall decorative pylon as its central exterior feature, this building will incorporate a large showroom, a general display section, spare parts department and offices.

A large room at the rear is marked on the plan “for future development.”

NC's Yate River Dam

Arguments For And Against

Broadening Use Of “Papuan”

Historically the name “Papuan” was not restricted to the people of Papua alone, said the Rev. D. E. Ure, when urging, in the Papua-New Guinea Legislative Council, the adoption of the name for all the indigenous people of the Territory.

Mr. Ure said he did not suggest that the term “native” was degrading, but there was nothing in it to inspire loyalty or respect for the country.

The indigenous people of Fiji were called Fijians, and the people of Samoa were called Samoans.

And for many years the people of Netherlands New Guinea had been known as Papuans, he pointed out.

In view of the multiplicity of languages and dialects in the Territory, and the tribal barriers which existed between the people, said Mr. Ure, some form of unity was essential. One of the best means of promoting this was to have a general name for the indigenous population.

Use of a common name could not be brought about by legislation, he added, but if Europeans gave the lead, in time the indigenous people would accept it and be as proud of it as Australians were of their national name. (The gradual disappearance of the term “native” elsewhere in the Pacific was noted in a Tropicality in June PIM).

ANEW BRITAIN correspondent (“Tolai”) wrote on July 26 that the proposal that all the indigenous peoples of Papua and New Guinea should be called Papuans was not meeting with whole-hearted native approval.

“The Tolais of the Rabaul region, the Chimbus, Mapriks, Sepiks and many others of the New Guinea mainland, the Bukas of Bougainville and Buka Island and so on, all have looks and characteristics different from the Papuans,” the writer continues. “To one familiar with the various tribes it is easy to identify the individual tribesmen.

“In the opinion of some natives near Rabaul, ‘New Guineans’ might be a better collective name than ‘Papuans.’

“After all, these people have at times been labelled Fuzzy-wuzzies and South Sea Islanders. There must be some good collective name.

But not ‘Papuans.’ ” (Further reference to this controversy is made in this month’s “Territories Talk-Talk.”) War Compensation For French in NH FRANCE is to compensate French nationals in the New Hebrides for property damage done by Allied troops in the Pacific War, reports a Noumea correspondent.

Amounts to be paid will be based on an Army report made in 1950, and the proposal is subject to the consent of the claimants.

Two Tongans Hanged TWO young Tongans, found guilty of the murder of a fellowvillager in January, hanged at Nukualofa on August 3.

With the co-operation of the Army, the New Caledonia Public Works Department has already started on the preliminaries of the big Yate River dam. The picture shows men at work at the dam site.

The Yate project is part of a major expansion of the hydro-electricity supplies to the nickelsmelting industry and to Noumea. —Photo by NC Information Service. 15 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

Rockefeller Grant For War on Rhinoceros Beetles A ROCKEFELLER grant of 45,000 dollars to aid the fight against the rhinoceros beetle, scourge of South Pacific coconut plantations, was announced by the Secretary-General of the South Pacific Commission (Dr.

Ralph Clairon Bedell) on August 8.

A Commission statement at Noumea pointed out that the drastic measures already taken by Administrations against the pest have “failed signally to bring widespread relief.”

The rhinoceros beetle is a major threat to the copra and allied industries in Western and Eastern Samoa, Fiji, Tonga, the Wallis Islands and the United States Trust Territory islands.

After the Pacific War, some islands in the Palaus were stripped bare by the pest.

Two South Pacific entomologists are already at work on the problem —Dr. R. A. Cumber, in Western Samoa, and Mr. T. V. Venkatraman, in East Africa and South- East Asia.

Research will concentrate on the possibilities of control through the introduction to the Islands of parasites, predators and pathogenic micro-organisms.

New Guinea-Bound in "Soochow"

New WPHC Head In September MR. JOHN GUTCH, CMG, OBE, recently appointed High Commissioner for the Western Pacific in succession to Sir Robert Stanley, KBE, CMG, will arrive at his Honiara headquarters late in September.

Mr. Gutch will arrive at Sydney from London by plane, and will leave by plane for New Guinea and the Solomons on September 24.

Nauru'S Future

MR. JOHN HOWSE, Parliaments Under-Secretary to the Au tralian Territories Ministt, went to Nauru in late July to maj a tour of inspection on the MiJ ister’s behalf.

Mr. Howse said he would repo on such matters as the health ai welfare of the Nauruans, phospha output and export, administrate and the future of the islam. phosphate production.

Ng Officer For Trial

CHARGED with the killing of fi tribesmen in the June “Can Cult” incident in the Bainin area of New Britain, ADO Willis Daniel Allen was committed t trial by Mr. G. F. Hall, SM, Rabaul District Court on August The magistrate, sitting as corom found that the villagers Tovil, Ka doubrinas, Tangul and Darilak di from bullet wounds inflicted native police, and that Nabilki w killed by a person unknown, all lawful obedience of an order giw by Allen. (Inquiry Evidence: Page 16 Do You Remember?

TrZVI ARGUMENTS for and against missions in the Islands, and a fierce controversy over the treatment of the indigenous people in Papua-New Guinea, had come almost to the boil in PIM in August, 1935. Some of the arguments involved are still going on.

Here are extracts from that issue 20 years ago; “Upon the invading Europeans lies the responsibility of protecting the indigenous peoples and of combating the evils which attend the impact of Western civilisation.”

PIM declared editorially. “The missionaries have come into the Pacific as a kind of buffer between a ruthless commercialism. on the one hand, and a helpless. stone-age people on the other . .

There have been some fools of missionaries. just as there have been scoundrels of traders. But the quaint ‘Bible-banger’ who made the Polynesians wear trousers belongs to another age.” * * * Two Europeans and two Solomon Islanders claimed to have seen a local Loch Ness Monster in the Solomons. It had a head something like that of an aligator and a round, snakelike body 20 to 25 feet long. It bounded about in the sea near a reef and breathed heavily. (The report, which was signed, was sent from Buena Vista, in the Solomons, on August 5). * * * Lawsuits and other disputes abounded in Norfolk Island, and pleas, protests and petitions against new laws and regulations were popping up in all directions. Commented PIM: “If events of the last mot are any criterion, life in Norfolk Isla is not as quiet and placid as the rest ; the world supposes”. * * * Entering a red-hot controversy on inti racial friction in New Guinea, “♦ Observer”, of Samarai, Papua, wrm “Real superiority does not express its. in stupidity, intolerance and brutalil and the ‘strong hand’ (as advocated two earlier correspondents) is the countl pkrt of a weak personality . . . Becavj they find a new tool (native labor awkward in their hands and cannot msi their wishes understood, they blame ‘stupidity’ of the native. They condea loudly and without mercy the blunders* people to whom their own ways equally distressing”. * * * Fashion Note (somewhat disturbin'!

“Hats are pert, flippant and full of chas . . . A Dresden china bonnet ties unr the chin with black velvet bow! CD scuttles, pancakes and cartwheels all tiJ their place in fashion’s mad whirl”. * * * Sir Herbert Hart had left West* Samoa, and Mr. A. C. Turnbull, Secrete to the Administration, was acting Administrator “until the arrival of Herbert’s successor”. (Mr. Turnbull later Sir Alfred Turnbull—continued in difficult post of Acting Administrator many years before becoming Administrati He retired in 1946. Endowed with tsd conscientiousness and a sympathy understanding of the Samoan characa he played the key role in implements the “new deal” policy of the NZ Govcj ment).

August passengers aboard “Soocnow" from Sydney to New Guinea included (upper) Miss Kay Adams, who returned to her post at Treasury, Port Moresby, farewelled by Mr. J.

McGowan. Middle: Mrs. M. Pick (centre), northbound to visit Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Tingwell, of Lae. She was seen off by Miss C.

Tick (left) and Mrs. W. H. Tingwell. Lower: Mr. and Mrs. D. Young-Whitford. Mr. Young- Whitford was resuming his post in New Guinea as Assistant District Officer, Popendetta, after completing a course at the School of Pacific Administration, Sydney. 16 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHU

Future Of The South

Pacific Copra Industry

Need For Early Planning At Governmental Level „ BY R. W. ROBSON.

LONDON, July 11.

WHILE present conditions continue (that is, an uneasy peace, but without any World War 111 or Depression), any estimate of the future of the South fpacific copra industry will take into [consideration the following factors; [ o The MOF (British Ministry of [Food) Contract will expire at the fend of 1957; and the various interests concerned already are lining ?up for a new era in marketing and transportation.

I • There is no doubt that the MOF [will fight for the full 10 per cent, [reduction in price in 1956 and with prospects of success.

I • The world free-market price of [copra is not controlled by the laws of supply and demand, in relation to copra. About a dozen important sources of oil supply, both vegetable and animal, are competitors with coconut planters and these commodities rank almost equally with copra production in relation to the factors which fix market prices. • Unilever Limited, the inter- | national combine which still influences, if not dominates, the manufacture and distribution [throughout the Western world of substances made from vegetable land animal oils (soap, margarine, etc.) has lost little of the strength [through which it controlled the [world’s copra markets in 1930-1940; ;and probably it will play an important part in the British copra [market after 1957. Through personnel, there appears to be a close [and apparently friendly (and not [necessarily improper) association between the British MOF organisation, which buys and sells South pacific copra and Unilever, „ • The South Pacific copra situation is likely to be increasingly affected by the establishment and operation by Carpenter interests of copra crushing mills in Fiji and New Guinea, and in Canada. There are indications that Unilever does no t i ike these developing enterprises. These mills, and the proportion of South Pacific copra which they handle, and the attitude of Unilever towards them, may be a factor of considerable importance m the future. • There are indications that the United States market may be open to the ebb and flow of vegetable and animal oils m the future to a greater degree than in the past, with perhaps some challenge to Unilever influence It will be re- -2} en ?J? ere T c J that before Woild War H, the United States market and Philippines copra production were pretty well tied together, to the exelusion of the rest of the copra world, which thus was left to Unilever A 1 ‘ , , * Already .discussions are afoot concerning the kind of organisawhich b^+v? 0111 ? at the , ? nd I?®7 to take the place th e machinery created by the Ministry of Food and the various British Governments to handle and coconut oil under the MOF contract.

Is there to be a complete reversion to the private enterprise system that operated pre-war? Or will there be a move by the Governments of Australia New Guinea, Solomon and Gilbert Islands, Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa and Cook Islands to form a joint organisation for the handling and marketing of coconut products? No one knows— but the signs so far indicate a return to private trading.

I have spent some little time here in London discussing these factors with various men interested in the great oil-seeds market, and trying to reconcile their differing viewpoints. The following represents the present situation, and long-distance prospects, as I see them now.

UK Losing Heavily On MOF Price THE Ministry of Food contract was made in 1948 for 9 years and it expires at the end of 1957. At the moment, there is absolutely nothing to suggest that it will be renewed. There are signs that it will be allowed to expire.

The original plan was designed to (a) stabilise the copra industry in the more or less war-torn British countries of the South Pacific in the unpredictable period of postwar economic reconstruction, and (b)) ensure for Britain a regular supply of an important food commodity.

It has done both those things.

So far as price is concerned the British Ministry of Food gambled.

It took the 1948 average market price as a basis and agreed that, from year to year, the price to be paid the producer should not rise or fall more than 10 per cent.

For the first four or five years, the Ministry very definitely won. It took all the British South Seas copra (and coconut oil) at the MOF contract price, and sold it at the free market price; and for at least four years it made a substantial profit on practically every transaction —its accumulated profit in that period must have run into several millions Sterling.

Then, about 1953, the tide turned. (The causes of the market decline At Sydney Pacific Islands Society's July Meeting Present at the July meeting of the Sydney Pacific Islands Society were, left to right: Miss M. M. McGann (honorary secretary), Mrs.

J. Edwards, Mrs A. Hornby, Mrs. M. S. Williamson, Mrs. O. H. Stanley, Mr. W. G. Stanley, and Mr. O. H. Stanley. 17 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

Sterling Price paid by Ministry for Copra, per ton.

FOB, Pacific Islands port £65 0 0 Est. cost of Freight, Insurance and charges, per ton .. 13 0 0 Est. cost per ton of Copra at European port (CIF) 78 0 0 Market Price of FMS Copra to-day in UK or Continental port, CIF 67 0 0 Apparent loss to Ministry. per ton .. .. 11 0 0 will be discussed later). The market moved slowly but surely against the Ministry, until to-day it is losing from £lO to £l2 on every ton of copra taken over under the contract. A man who is in constant touch with the market here prepared for me these figures, as on June 18, 1955: As everyone knows, that has been the market tendency since 1953, with occasional spurts of price recovery. There have been special factors since early 1954—mostly, the liquidation of huge State-owned stocks in certain countries —which have depressed the market. Those factors may now be disappearing.

But even if the market falls no further it will require two full 10 per cent, reductions (end of 1955 and end of 1956) to bring the MOF price down to the market price of June, 1955.

Much the same conditions apply to the coconut oil market. Under the MOF contract, the Ministry takes all the coconut oil made available by the Carpenter mills in Fiji and New Guinea.

This year, for example, it is paying £lO6/15/- Stg. per ton FOB for the oil it takes over in Suva.

The free market quotation in London for the oil in mid-June was just over £9O, GIF. A simple calculation shows that the Ministry is making a loss of between £25 and £3O per ton on that (Fiji) section of the contract; and something similar presumably in New Guinea.

Nonetheless, the Ministry still is well in pocket. The profits it made in 1949-53 far outweigh still the losses it has made since. And the Ministry has the comfort of knowing that it has brought a period of unprecedented prosperity to the copra industry of the South Pacific.

Copra interests howled in 1949-53, when they saw the Ministry making those profits out of their commodity. But they are complacently silent now—and they can remain complacent until the end of 1957.

There was a first-class behindthe-scenes struggle here in London at the end of 1954, when the parties concerned got together to fix the 1955 MOF price.

Knowing the market trend, practically all the South Pacific Governments except Australia were reconciled to the full 10 per cent, reduction. But Australia’s representatives here (Chief Trade Commissioner Sir Edwin McCarthy, and his deputy, Mr. D. Paterson), backed up by High Commissioner Sir Thomas White, and by the Burns Philp and Carpenter men here, made such a strong point of the “losses” which the South Pacific copra industry had made in 1949-53 as a result of the MOF contract, that they persuaded the Ministry to make the reduction instead of 10 per cent.

A simple calculation shows that this is worth well over a quartermillion Sterling to the South Pacific industry in 1955, and something in 1956, when the 10 per cent, reduction expected will be on the 1955 price arrived at through the 7 h per cent, instead of 10 per cent, reduction.

Commodities Which Compete with Copra IN trying to envisage the future of the industry, both immediate and distant, it is necessary to bear in mind that, to-day, the following substances can be used in many if not most manufacturing processes as an alternative to coconut oil; VEGETABLE —Groundnut (peanut) oil, soya bean oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil —all in huge supply—and oil from many other kinds of nuts.

ANIMAL —Whale oil, fish oil (big supplies of herring oil are now coming in from Norway), tallow, lard, butter and similar substances.

One of the first articles I wrote in the PIM, 25 years ago, was a warning that new processes in purification and deodorisation were allowing the manufacturers to use an increasing number and quantity of substances, hitherto rejected on account of coarseness and odour, as substitutes for coconut oil.

To-day, all the above commodities —and a few more of a minor character—are firmly established in the world markets as competitors of copra; and powerful and extremely efficient international operators like Unilever, naturally, balance one against the other, and purchase whichever one is likely to return the most profit to their manufacturing process. (There is nothing improper about that, so long as it is done in a free market, and not a market controlled by combines and monopolies.) I have taken the following official estimate of the world production of the main oilseeds from the report of the Commonwealth Economic Committee in respect of the year 1953-54: The figures show thousands of tons: Groundnuts . 10,889 Cottonseed . , 15,1 Soya beans . . 17,80 ft Sunflower . . 4,2 Sesame seed . 1,931 Olives 1,2 The above are described s “edible.” The following are “edibt and industrial”: Copra 2,850 „ . . , „ Palm oil 700 Palm kernels 8 The following are * “industrial only: Rapeseed .. 4,764 Linseed . . 3,01 Castor seed 452 Tung 1 There are at least a dozen otlu smaller sources of vegetable c supply; and there are, of course, tM animal fats listed above.

The foregoing figures show Pro duction. A very large proportion i such commodities as groundnui and soya beans are eaten in tM countries of production (maim Asiatic) before they reach the wor; markets.

That fact gives the world produt tion of copra (nearly 3,000,000 ton per annum) a greater significancenearly all of it is exported, either $ copra or oil. (Continued on Page 151) Ex-Islanders Meet Members and guests at the July gatheriof the Sydney Pacific Islands Society include (upper) Major C. A. Swinbourne (president) as Mrs. Swinbourne, with Miss J. Le Couteur as Mr. Norman K. Wallis, who was the gu[?] speaker. Middle; Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Mon[?] ton and Mrs. M. Baker. Lower: Mr. and M[?] N. H. Foxcroft, and Mr. and Mrs. R. Sabbe[?] All are well-known former residents of [?] Islands. 18 AUGUST. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONT HF

P-Ng Labour Question

Adequate Care of Workers Pays Dividends ALTHOUGH everybody knew that the future development of Papua and New Guinea was dependent on the labour potential, people were sometimes inclined to forget that there was a limit to that potential, said the Territory Director Health (Dr. J. T. Gunther) when speaking in the Legislative Council on the care of native labour.

I He believed that even the lame and the halt were entitled to employment if they wanted it, said Dr. Gunther. In all communities [here were places where their services could be used, such as feopra -driers, the kitchens and the kitchen gardens. ■ There were too much skin disease fend too many tropical ulcers among tome plantation workers and those working on road-building, said Dr.

Gunther. These conditions were teaused by carelessness, which was [neconomical, and they could be ■Directed by daily treatment o small cuts and abrasions.

MOST of the deaths on plantations were due to malaria and I pneumonia, but with modern drugs there need be no deaths it the patients were treated early enough.

I There were also inexpensive drugs for the treatment of anaemia and hookworm, diseases which reduced work-output.

I “If we controlled malaria,” he said “we could halve our mortality rate, double the expectation of life, double the population within perhaps 17 or 20 years, and increase the efficiency of the labour force of this country by 25 per cent.

Workers would give a 15 per cent, greater output in actual work.

I Supporting Dr. Gunther’s arguments. Mr. B. E. Fairfax-Ross said that the infant and maternal welfare clinics of the Health Department were demonstrating what could be done. | The supply of adequate labour would become a major problem, he said, and there was no question of importing large numbers of migrant labourers.

I He added; “We all acccept that this country will be developed for and by its indigenous people m association with the capital, energy and example of Europeans. And it is from the indigenous people that the present labour force, and in future a greatly increased force, must come.”

BHP’s Interest in NC Iron H Hill Pty. visited New Caledonia Nickel Co! V and other ' commercial interests concerned with supplying iron-ore to BHP in Australia.

The general manager of BHP (Mr. McClennon) and the company’s rhief ore-buver (Mr McAndy) viStPd the Yate hydro-electricity ! 1 d the iron-ore works at Sony Vnd the chrome and nickel ?entVet at Tiebaghi aSd Thio respectively g ’ a rp ro pynected hi the Zn of the vear The deal will end ..°t lamp minotitie* par ftaShSSh? bv NC tbp A maior facto? in the French’ trade balance with Colony s adverse trade balance wim The company to work the Prony Bay iron-ore deposits Societe Caledonienne des Minerals de Fer, has a capital of 15.000 000 Pacific francs and has contracted to deliver to BHP 160.000 tons a year.

Wrong Diagnosis of Smallpox Rash BECAUSE a ship’s doctor made an error in diagnosing a rash on a child passenger, an outbreak of smallpox occurred at Nauru and Ocean Islands in June and also affected other passengers and the ship’s personnel, according to a Sydney report.

One of the victims was Miss Helen Shells, of the South Pacific Commission staff,' who was visiting the Gilbert Islands with Mrs. Nancy Whelan.

Miss Sheils’s plans were considerably disorganised as a result, though she was well cared for by the Tarawa Medical Department, and returned to Sydney aboard Tulagi in August.

Tribal Commotion On

Moresby Golf Course

WHAT Elizabethan dramatists would have described as “alarums and excursions occurred at the Port Moresby golf course in July, when about 180 Kerema and Chimbu rioters fought a vicious battle on the sixth green.

Sixty golfers playing in a foursomes championship were held up for an hour before the police, aided by club members, quelled the uproar.

The P-NG Administrator (Brigadier D. M. Cleland) was reported later to have said that he was taking steps to remove Kerema people from the Port Moresby area.

Drunkenness at Suva Dances Causes Police Ban INCREASING drunkenness and disorderly behaviour have produced a police ban on any form of dancing at three Suva halls.

The ban includes the taralala, a once-innocuous Fijian social diversion which, since the war period, has become steadily more sophisticated and, according to various Mission quarters, steadily less innocuous.

The idea behind the prohibition is to give those in charge of the halls a greater sense of responsibility when dances are resumed, and to encourage dance-organisers to refuse admission to drunken men and to prevent the drinking of liquor in the halls and the immediate vicinity.

Another aspect of Fiji’s liquor problem cropped up at the Suva Magistrate’s Court when counsel, defending a European charged with supplying a Fijian with 12 bottles of rum. pointed out that a very potent liquor called “Raisin Jack” is not uncommonly concocted. It was added that for an Easter party the Fijian and his village friends had wanted “something decent to drink.”

“Raisin Jack” is claimed by some authorities have been introduced by Americans during the wartime “occupation.” The lawyer quoted, who said that boot polish was sometimes an ingredient, claimed that “one glass would knock a European flat on his back.”

In the case in question, the European was fined £5O and the Fiiian recipient of the rum £l5.

In recent weeks reports of increased drunkenness, sometimes involving serious crime, have come from Fiji, Tonga, Samoa and New Caledonia.

Meanwhile, New Caledonia hopes to collect 800,000 francs a year from a new tax of 5 per cent, on imported alcohol. (Beer, wines and medicinal alcohol are not affected).

The proceeds will subsidise the price of seed potatoes, of which NC produces annually 600 tons and imports 150 tons.

Dutch Navy Planes at Hollandia THE 7th squadron of the Netherlands Naval Air Force has been installed at Hollandia, Netherlands New Guinea.

The squadron is composed ot aircraft of the Firefly type, suitable for both pursuit and reconnaissance.

The crew of each nlane consists of a pilot and an observer-wireless operator. 19 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

The Editors’ Mailbag

Captain Keller Case Echo in BSIP The “Captain Keller case”, stowed away in the April PIM, after much debate, is reopened momentarily to permit an isolated correspondent (Mr. H. Chaperlin, of Vanikoro, BSIP) to say that in 1909, Otto Keller was a client of the BP depot at Makambo (Solomons), and must have been in partnership with Jacobsen at that time as the account was kept in the name of Keller and Jacobsen.

“At the same time, I do not think that Jacobsen was a full partner in all Keller’s enterprises, and so there may be something in Kuper’s denial that a partnership existed”, the writer continues.

“Poor Otto was undoubtedly killed in Malaita in 1913 and cannot be identified with any Captain Keller who was in New Guinea in 1920-21.

“In 1909, when I was bookkeeper at the BP Makambo depot, Keller’s ship was the ex-Marist Mission ketch Verdelais. Later he and Jacobsen acquired the Sumoli, which was named after the Ulawa Island station where they used to trade, mostly for ivory nuts.

“Harold Markham was in charge of Levers’ trading station at Ontong Java long before 1912. He was there when Jack London called in the Snark and corresponded with London until the latter died.

London used to send him an autographed copy of each of his books as it was published.

“I am inclined to challenge the statement that Mr. Corrie is outdated as an old BSI hand by Calton (not Carlton or Carl) Younger. I think that both Leslie Gill, of Vella Lavella, and I would outdate Corrie. Gill, however, takes the palm as I was away from the Group from 1929 to 1953.

“Incidentally, Jack London was fined by Deputy Commissioner Barnett at Tulagi for entering the Group at Lord Howe (Ontong Java) without being granted pratique at Tulagi or Faisi, the only ports of entry at that time.

He ‘ later wrote a book called Adventure, in which he mentioned very unfavourably, and with thinly disguised names, oeople who had not given him the reception he expected. As I remember it, the book was hastily and badly written and not up to the London standard.”

Where Life is Pleasant A note from a friend who recently was in Pago Pago: The fish-cannery is s f ill canning— but the port now seems to be overrun with Japs.

The raft in which Pop Willis drifted westwards across the Pacific looks lonely and neglected, out there on the bank.

Life on this rock is not at all unpleasant.

Port for Old Sailors A cheery note to hand from Mr.

Bob McKittrick, who has been a resident of the Marquesas (most easterly archipelago of French Oceania) for more years than he likes to talk about.

Bob went out from England to Australia in the three-masted barque Harold, back near the turn of the century. When the ship reached Melbourne the Scots lad “did a bunk,” and stowed away in a collier named Alabama, from Melbourne to Newcastle.

He was wandering about Newcastle in a helpless way when a boarding-house master persuaded him to sign on the three-masted, full-rigged ship Philadelphia, assuring him that it was a Swedish vessel.

Once aboard, he discovered that it was not Swedish —it was a German “hell-ship,” registered in Geestemende. The crew had a particularly unpleasant time until they got clear of the ship by refusing duty in Coquimbo, Chile.

Bob McKittrick wandered around —but eventually came to a safe and happy anchorage in the Marquesas.

Second Oldest Traders One of our oldest subscribers, “Acacia,” writes from Noumea: “While I, with everyone who has ever done business with Nelson and Robertson Pty. Ltd., would wish to congratulate them on their 60th anniversary, I must gently bring to task Mr. Norman Nelson when he says that ‘next to Burns Philp & Co., N. & R. is the oldest trading firm in Sydney’ (March PIM, p. 34).

“For the record, I think it should be pointed out that another wellknown Islands firm, W. S. Tait & Co. Pty. Ltd., has a prior claim to that distinction —it was established in 1890, and thus has been in the South Pacific trading field for some 65 years.

“As I recall it, my old friend Mr.

William Smilie Tait (the founder) gave the then-young Ivan Nelson his first introductions to people in the Islands.

“In those long-ago days, Tait and Co. was upstairs on the first floor of a building in Bond Street, Sydney, and its trading mainly was with New Caledonia. To-day, the firm is trading with all the Islands Groups from its office in Spring Street—and practically next door is Nelson and Robertson; William’s son. Cedric, is at the helm of W. S. Tait and Co., wtffie Ivan’s son, Normal guides the progress of Nelson an Robertson,”

To the Sea—But Not in Trucks Possibly due to the puckish humov of the person who collected lists t residents for our Handbook < Papua and New Guinea, an 010 time resident of New Guinea, M Arnold O’Rourke, finds himself d<J scribed therein as “truck-drive Dept, of Works.”

Mr. O’Rourke sees nothing wron with the honourable profession truck-driver, and neither do we. B J if you do not drive trucks, why T described as so doing?

After he got back to NG after tl war (at the latter end of whit, he was around the then Netherlanu East Indies) he was connected wiiJ small ships in sea-going or shoe capacities until 1953, when, as seer: tary and manager, he joined Gabrr Achun and Co. Ltd—he sar modestly, as the “Ltd.” part of it“ Mr. O’Rourke went first to t'; Territory in the 1920’s for WRC ai Co.

While on the subject of the residential lists—Mr. E T. Fulto who also went first to the Terr tory in the 20’s, is described as plantation manager. This is corre as far as it goes—he certainly ma:j ages Makurapau Plantation (ne Kokopo). But he also owns it.

We apologise.

Ex-Samoan Resident Sends Greetings from US A short while ago, somewhere the United States, Sir Alfred Tun bull, at one time Administrator Western Samoa, met Mr. W.

Forsyth, now Australian represen ative to the United States au formerly the first Secretary-Generi of the South Pacific Commission.!

As a result of that happy mee ing and a discussion of Pacii affairs generally, Sir Arthur wro a note of greeting to the PIM. I says that after ten years of retin. ment he and his wife are gettii used to life in the “fabulous Unit!

States” but that he still watch! affairs in the Pacific with great ii tere s t particularly affairs Western Samoa which, he notes,, still enjoying great prosperity although in his day tt Territory was “generally in tt Red.”

His daughter, he reports, is doic< well after graduating BSc from tt University of South Carolina. (Din ing the Pacific war, Miss Turnbd married an American servicemn but was shortly afterwards widower Sir Alfred, in April, was one ; the guest speakers at the 401 Gallipoli reunion at Anzac Gardes Rockefeller Place, New York. 20 AUGUST, 1 955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHE

From East To West

From Travel Notes Made in the Liner “Oranje” by K. W . ROBSON.

Tragedy of the Indo-Dutch ABOARD this bi-lingual ship there is a curious cross-section of the East —the Malayan East, where the failing hand of the European still is trying to hold the Southern gateway against a thousand million Asians. : There are hundreds of Dutchspeakiiig people here; ranging in colour from pure white to 90 per cent, black. I watched several scores of their children react to a Punch-and-Judv show. Colour made no difference —whether they were bla c k, white or in-between they laughed and shrieked in the same places. That fact embodies the viewpoint of the Dutch, who built the Netherlands Indies over 300 years.

But a tired old Britisher, very wise in these things, shook a pessimistic head. “The white is all through Indonesia and the black, in a variety of shades, all through Holland,” he said. “It has happened before —and in the countries where it has happened there has been racial ’retrogression.

“Maybe the Dutch didn’t get a chance to prove their racial theory —the Anglo-American betrayal of the Netherlands Indies in 1945-46 simply delivered them into the hands of illiterate Indonesians, who hate them, and now they are on the way out. Maybe, that is the penalty they pay for having failed to educate the Indonesians. I don’t know —it’s a dreadful mess now, anyway.” ; Many of these Dutch are not returning, although their families have been in the Indies for generations and, until 1942, were rich. Now, most of all they possess is in their trunks in the hold.

Great Ones of the Asian-African Earth The Britishers are either commercial men with families —the lone traveller usually flies, now —or Colonial Office and Foreign Office men going on leave. I have found these latter extraordinarily interesting.

Southeast Asia is seething with diplomatic move and countermove, and these high officials have been in the middle of it. They have vivid recent memories, for example, of all the great, and near-great, and of the plain, silly people whom they met at, or going to, or coming from the Asia-Africa Conference at Bandoeng in April—from Nehru and Chou En-lai right down to the comic-relief Australians (Dr. Burton and his attendant Pink Professor).

They tell intriguing stories of what has gone on behind the scenes in Indo-C hin a, Bangkok, Formosa, and Malaya, where hundreds of thousands of armed men are being pushed around by petty war-lords.

Even allowing for our friends’ after-dinner exaggerations, these great ones of Asia (as seen from the back-parlour viewpoint) seem puny and conceited and childish, like little, strutting men at a Town Council. I wish I could tell some of these stories —the one about the Middle East diplomats who pinched their host’s precious whisky, for example, or how the beloved Homburg of Sir Anthony Eden (en route to Bangkok) w,as lost and found —but good manners forbid.

But I can report my two outstanding impressions: • The Bandoeng Conference, which was cleverly designed as an historic anti-European demonstration by Asia and Africa, was even more cleverly sidetracked into innocuousness by Asians and Africans (aided by a British diplomat or two) who would rather have the present British set-up in both Continents than the Red penetrations blessed by Chou En-lai or the sour “reverse neutrality” of Mr. Nehru, • But —the British hand has been getting weaker; and the link between the unstable Mr. Nehru (who insists he is more God than man) and the Muscovites gets stronger. In these days, very anxious British eyes in the Orient (and in this ship) are watching for a sign from the new British Government.

A Personal Problem However, I turn from these grave international affairs to a personal problem of my own. How—when travelling alone in the Tropics— does one get the useful powder of Mr. Johnson onto the prickly-heat patch in the middle of one’s shoulder blade? It has to be rubbed in.

I thoughtfully considered the Javanese cabin-steward. But I was not game to ask him— from his melancholy face and dignified air I think he is a deposed Sultan.

It’s a tough assignment, this trying to get the left finger-tips into the middle of the right shoulderblade— you try it!—but the contortions surely are good for a waistline that is being slowly submerged by seductive Dutch cooking.

Grandpa’s Topee I like the solar topee and I can remember the days when it was impossible to be British in the Orient unless one thus was crowned. But, in the last quarter-century, it slowly was undermined.

Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion" Staged by Suva Group Theatre The Suva Group Theatre's production of G.B. Shaw's "Pygmalion" was the latest in a string of successes that has ranged from "The Imoortance of Being Earnest" end "Gaslight" to pantomime and revue. As usual. "Pygmalion was surperbiy cosrumed and played in period settings which showed meticulous attention to accurate detail. The cast, grouped here for the final curtain , Madams to right): Sybil Canard, Peter Tennant, Trixie Fraser, Michael Cassidy, Una Tennant, Tess Horns James Crawford and Veronica Madams (the two principal players), Harvey Madams, Layton Wilkinson, Alan Mulford, Thomas Mcllroy, Joy Stinson, Sabrina Ryan.

Morris Hedstrom Limited

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Through our Large Establishments in Suva and our Numerous Branches, we distribute a wide and comprehensive range of General Merchandise and provide almost every kind of service. Our departments and associated businesses include: DRAPERY

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TOBACCO

Timber And

BUILDING GROCERY CONFECTIONERY HARDWARE ELECTRICAL LIQUORS DRUGS ThroujslwuA_ Fiji, Samoa Tonga There is a Branch or Agent of Morris Hedstrom Limited in every Town in the Three Territories.

We are Sole Agents in these Territories for British Drug Houses Ltd.

"Chula" Copra Dryers.

Electrolux Ltd.

Ford Motor Co.

General Electric Co. Ltd.

Goodyear Tyre and Rubber Co.

B. A. Hjorth & Co. (Primus Products).

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

International Harvester Export Co.

Matson Navigation Company.

Max Factor and Co. Inc.

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Technipress House, 29 Alberta Street, Sydney. (Box 3408, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.) I always felt in this the influence of the late Sir Hubert Murray, who stubbornly patrolled his beloved Papua with an old felt hat on one end of his long frame, and big black boots at the other.

Now, the topee is no more. From ; Sydney to Sourabaya, from Singapore to Colombo, I did not see one, i except on trishaw pullers and Chinese postmen.

Chatting with Sir John Nicoll “ (Singapore —once Fiji), I cursed the sunburn which a panama hat had I permitted on the back of my neck, and mourned the sheltering topee.

I “Out since the ’Thirties,” he said, **New fashion is no hat—the sun i'comes straight down and your hair r grows there for your protection.” (He has a fine mop of grey hair.) i “But what about people like me, |with a bare top?” I demanded, f “Panama,” said he, succinctly.

“I suspect the hand of the plotting Muscovite somewhere in this cruel sartorial injustice.

Nomenclature All races and classes in the East showed lively interest in the British i elections. So, of course, there was r the usual crop of bar-room stories. one is a little over-the-fence; but it is so funny that I offer it, I respectfully: A small family moved into an [English village—a young woman with twin sons. When the local Labour Party learned that the twins I were named respectively James Ishinwell Jones and Aneurin Bevan Jones they were greatly touched. A deputation called upon the lady, and welcomed her to the village, i “And, Mi’s. Jones,” said the leader, i “we should like to say how much we appreciate the sound political sentiment you have shown in the naming of your sons, Shinwell and Aneurin Bevan.”

“Ow,” said the lady. “In the first [place, me name ain’t Mrs. Jones — it’s Miss Jones. And if you know of better names for them two bastards, you better let me ’ave ’em now, before I register ’em.”

Malayan Trophies— {Non-Jungle) What has Fiji got in the way of a permanent building wherein may be housed the many trophies won by those sportsmen in Malaya?

I was astounded when I entered the Regiment’s Mess in Batu Pahat ■ —every shelf and cranny is occupied by a silver cup, or object of similar kind, and impressive shields hang upon the walls—there must be a cart-load of things (mostly silver) won by the Fijians in every kind of : sport in 30 months. No wonder the ; lads have in Malaya a reputation for sport as enviable as is their record as bandit-hunters in the jungle.

When the Battalion returns, early next year, this impressive array of trophies should be placed on public view in Suva for a while.

A Flag is Missing It is a little depressing for an elderly Britisher to travel along this route nowadays. When last I was there, in the early ’Thirties, the Union Jack flew over Malaya and Burma and Ceylon, India and Iraq, Soudan and Egypt and Palestine, and it had represented British orderliness in most of those places for at least a century. Now, it is seen only in Singapore and Malaya —and not very conspicuously there.

Nominally, most of the countries named are still within the British Commonwealth. But, actually, they have no pride in their British associations; rather do they go to some pains to show that they are now the equals if not the superiors of the detested Westerners —although all that they know and have, they got from British “colonialism.”

These peoples, sooner or later, had to achieve their national independence—that is fundamental. But they have been given it too quickly, in one big lump, and everywhere they are suffering politico-economic indigestion, in some degree of other.

The transition should have been much more gradual. The post-war (Continued on Page 143) 23 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Practical Results

FROM WORK

Of Sp Commission

THE 3,000,000 Pacific Islanders who come within the South Pacific Commission’s scope are already gaining advantages from the Commission’s work, said the Secretary-General (Dr. Ralph Clairon Bedell) when he arrived at Sydney from Noumea on July 31, to “do some special work on Commission problems” with the Senior Australian Commissioner (Mr. J. R. Halligan).

At present, said Dr. Bedell, the Commission was providing down-toearth explanations on how to grow coconuts in more productive ways, and it was advising on the encouragement of other crops.

In its six years of operation, said Dr. Bedell, the Commission had produced 80 technical investigations, many of which -were already beingput to use.

DR. ERIC OJALA, deputy chairman of the Research Council, who arrived at Sydney from New Zealand on July 31, said that the Islands grassland survey recently completed by two Australian officers might produce proposals aimed at making the grasslands more productive, thus increasing beef production.

Cattle production in Papua and New Guinea could be greatly increased if millions of acres of grasslands were improved, Dr, Ojala said. The P-NG cattle population was only 5 000, compared with 30,000 before the war, and meat imports were increasing.

Burgers Family From Java Moves To Buka By GT BY no means the least interestin' of the families disembarkin from MV Bulolo in early Jul at Rabaul was Jan Burgers, com plete with wife and eight childre: (including twins, and none over teE years of age).

The Burgers family was bound fo the Gordon McKenzie plantation o Tulaen, Buka Island, which lies some 175 miles south-east of Rabau and was originally planted up be Charlie Huson in the early Twenties Jan Burgers is a fine, built, fair-haired Hollander, whi went to the Netherlands East Indie in 1948 as an accountant for Dutcle Government Forestry Department at Bandoeng.

Came the Republic in 1950, am he was transferred to the head) quarters of the Dutch High Conn missioner at Jakarta, where he rea mained for a year. But life in thr old Dutch colony was becoming toe strife-ridden, and the effect upoc his wife’s nerves was so great thas he gave Java away and wem banana-planting in Australia, when he stayed until the call of the tropio enticed him to New Guinea.

Talking with him in the lounge o the Bulolo, he gave me a word pio ture of the early days of 1950 whee the Indonesian Republic was do dared. It was by no means a happq time for the Dutch, whose house; were broken into and robbeo: Windows were broken by stone} throwing vandals and bandit! operated near the boundaries of thd large towns.

From him I gleaned: ® President Soekarno is ex* tremely anti-white. • Vice-President Hatta sends h;r children to a Dutch school. ® The leader of the Labour Parti' —Dr. Sharjir (he is a doctor o Mr. and Mrs. Jan Burqers and their family aboard the "Bulolo" at Rabaul before these departure for Buka. 24 AUGUST, 1955 - PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH I,

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flaw) is married to a Dutch woman f a nd is pro-European. • In 1949 there were 500,000 Dutch nersons in NEI; in 1951 some 300,000 and in early 1955 only 90,000. \ • The people of Amboina and iCeram Islands desired to remain under Dutch rule.

I Commenting on the article by -Editor Robson on Java and the East in June PIM, Mr. Burgers said it gave a very true picture of the position. £ And now Mr. and Mrs. Burgers, with their eight sturdy children, look forward hopefully to a life of comparative peace amidst the beauty and prolific growth of Buka.

I Here’s wishing them all long life and happiness in their new home.

Terse Fijian Comment

On Tactics In Malaya

TWO wounded Fijian soldiers, casualties of a large-scale Communist terrorist ambush in Malaya on November 15, were Ihospital patients at Auckland in Ijuly, when they were on their way back to Fiji.

I They were Privates S. Raicele, Sand T. Lasa. With them were S. Nokete (wounded in ianother action) and Private R.

Mataika.

A New Zealand report quoted one of the soldiers as saying that the Fijian troops had become rather I, tired of “fighting for civilians who help the enemy” in Malaya. * The soldier added: “The civilians hide the terrorists and give them ' food. The terrorists are not good fighters. When we shoot at them, they just run.” ■ The November ambush, conducted on the usual terrorist hit-and-run lines, cost the Fijians six men killed and five seriously wounded.

NG Charter Pilot Dies in Crash CAPTAIN W. E. PASSLOW, who operates a charter flight service from Madang, NG. was killed, and three Seventh Day Adventist missionaries, Pastors S. H. Gander, E. L, Martin, and R. A. Greive, were seriously injured in a crash at Togoba, ten miles south-west of Mt. Hagen, on August 2. [ The Dragon aircraft was flying the missionaries to a conference at Wabag. i Captain Passlow had established a market gardening business at Madang since the war. He lived there in pre-war days.

He served in the RAAF as a pilot and leaves a wife and four children. 25 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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Ten Years Have Brought

Drastic Changes In P-Ng

By Gordon Thomas

IT is an understatement to say that on my recent visit to P-NG I was Surprised at Moresby’s growth. I was flabbergasted! lln pre-war years Moresby was merely a chief port with a few Government buildings and commercial Rouses adequate to cope with the more or less small economic output of the Territory, plus the E40,000-odd doled out by a rather reluctant Australian Government. s But Moresby to-day! Ou la, la! | Certainly I saw it only at “steamer time,” but eliminating the “roundtrip” element that naturally affects Every island port, I was amazed at its growth, its tempo and the genjral atmosphere of economic activity.

I Whence came this altered tempo ind atmosphere? After an endeavour to find the answer, it seemed to centre on the one reason: Government expenditure, which means a centralised endeavour to disburse public funds for academic institutes and the headquarters of departments appointed to supervise the “great native welfare policy” which is the popular government job of the moment. In fact; a gigantic spending spree!

I HAD not seen Moresby since the Thirties, and now the change | was phenomenal.

I Houses everywhere; houses of a type which I must say were not pleasing to the eye: four walls, and a roof above —iron and fibro for the most part and louvre windows, [ That was the general architectural scheme. Nothing imaginative; nothing artistic or beautiful to blend in with the beauty of the scene; all standardised; typical nationalised accommodation —and nothing more. . There was life in the town’s centre, certainly: What they were doing I don’t know. But cars and lorries were hurrying hither and thither; the “traffic cop” perched on his box at the intersection of ‘Musgrave and Douglas Streets (and looking for all the world like a monkey on a stick, as he gesticulated wildly with his white-sleeved arms) was indeed a busy man, and to him every credit is due. He was as efficient as his opposite number who stands in King and Castlereagh Streets, in Sydney; and. incidentally, I don’t think he keeps the traffic waiting quite so long! In short he is a gem and a credit to the Force. j was amazed at the anti-segrega- Qn p o u C y as portrayed in the stores and the shops. If native customers were limited to the more sophisticated types, cleanly clothed, it^might be tolerated. (And I wondered if those espousing this n had to conte nd with the m i xe d racial gatherings in the stores, or were they of a class apart?) But to have the more primitive types edging their way amongst European housewives at ii n g er i e counters (and mostly window-buying, at that) does not b y a ny stretch of the imagination appeal to me, nor is it looked upon w ith favour by a majority of Euro- Seans Natives themselves complain of a f ee ii ng Q f “shame” at having to mix with “Sinabada” buyers. To me seemed a superfluous step in mo dern native progress drive of which all officialdom seems to be particular iy conscious and with which nobody else is bothering, con- £"*6°if **“ arch™?- . Moresby has naturally extended eludes*^Boroka 6 and'sadilf and" exmay be expected at any SSSrSiseSstobeTOiSratulatedta It.irt of the amenities provided. . rp a Qrri£ , r{ ,i t ittip ™ an-p island- A T Sam f r f}* Z I S a veritable P devastated by scorched eart (Continued on Page 145) The Administrator of Papua - New Guinea (Brigadier D. M. Cleland) delivering his address at the opening and dedication of the Memorial Gates at Queen Elizabeth Park, Rabaul, on July 14. On Brigadier Cleland's left is the New Britain District Commissioner (Mr. J. R. Foldi), and on his right Major D.

Barrett, MIC. The gates are a memorial to civilians killed in the Pacific War. 27 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Territories Talk-Talk

By Tolala With Gratitude I Now that I am safe again in my iquiet backwater after pleasant Iweeks of islands cruising in New Guinea, I want to send out a big |‘Thank You” to all those many kind and courteous friends who gave so unsparingly of their hospitality and made my visit to the Land I love Isuch a very, very happy highlight jn my life. i To every section, and to every {colour of the P-NG people where I visited, I owe a debt of gratitude for their kindnesses, and even from isolated spots came messages of {goodwill. | I am very grateful to them all, land let my appreciation be not {forgotten of Capt. “Bill” Wilding of the Bulolo who, despite his many land arduous duties as Master, was } never too busy to tender me kindnesses and consideration. It is ■pleasing to know that one has not {been forgotten in a Land which lone can never forget. iLong Arm of Coincidence I In 1905, Mrs. “Tolala” arrived in INew Britain in the NDL steamer, Prinz Waldemar, which was the first overseas vessel to tie up to the i nearly-completed NDL wharf in Simpsonhaven (Rabaul) and was in later years known as the “Old | Burnt Wharf”, at the end of INamanula Street.

I Last month she was a passenger in MV Bulolo, which was the first J overseas vessel to tie up to the jnearly-completed wharf in Rabaul —just 50 years later.

Something in Common I At the last Legislative Council meeting at Moresby, on the opening day, Mr. Malclom L. McColm, MHR I for Bowman, Queensland, was ■present and was accorded the privilege of a seat on the floor of | the Council Chamber. This scribe ; was also present and was privileged ■: to take a seat in the Press Gallery.

I Both of us carry the some- ?what unusual middle-name of “Llewellyn.” He has won buck- Ijumping competitions in Queensland; in my youth I collected prizes for broncho-busting in Western Canada. He was behind the barbed l wire in Germany during War 11, while I did my stretch in Rabaul with the Japs.

I And that’s where the common I ground ends, so far as I know, for I have never met the gentleman.

Back to Their Homeland It is good to see that the Administration is returning the Bam Islanders to their own original home. The Administration has, invariably, had a tendency for pushing natives around, evacuating them from so-called “dangerous” areas to places where it thinks it more congenial for them, whether the natives themselves want to go or not.

Notable was an instance following the Rabaul eruption in 1937, when the Administration wa ted to move the natives of Matupi Island to a “safe” area in the Keravat district on the North Coast. The natives said “No dice!” or its equivalent, and refused to be moved, notwithstanding the dust and unpleasantness of the conditions prevailing at the time.

It is somewhat reminiscent of the early days of the Australian Military Occupation, when Patrol Officers, occupied on the job of census-taking, ordered several hill villages in the Namatanai district to move down to the beach, in order to make census-taking easier.

Natives have a deep-rooted affection for their old home-sites, even as have their opposites of the white race.

Somehow I reckon our natives in trust are not so amenable to being pushed around or being poured into the accepted “democratic” moulds as many people imagine.

Influence of Civilisation I was not too happy with the picture I saw of the “changing cultures”, the v “advance of the West” or “our civilising influence” in P-NG. It seemed to me that we had overshot ourselves in our anxiety to please the polyglot communities of UN.

It was certainly not for the benefit or actual welfare of the native himself that all these rapid changes had been brought about.

At least the natives whom I met recently were not too happy about present conditions.

I am not speaking of the adolescents, the bodgies or the halfbaked sophisticates of the “Gimme Gimme” type, but of the older men who have not been swept off their feet by unending promises of “race equality” and “native independence.”

It seemed to me that we should throw the native welfare omnibus into neutral gear for a spell to enable the indigenes to find out where they really are in the Scheme of Things. They are being asked to absorb too much in too short a time, and they don’t know whether they are Arthur or Martha.

On the surface they appear happy; they have practically unlimited freedom and a bulging purse; but Life —even native life— means more than that. It does not make for solid advancement.

It is superficial, and the ethical structure of the native mind must be allowed to grasp this great period of change. The mental and material must develop together.

Native roguery has grown apace with their speeded sophistry; thieving, fraud, embezzlement — civilised attributes of which they knew but little a few years ago.

And so I say; Let us dawdle awhile until present-day sophisticates have sorted out their ethical values in this new world into which we are pushing them.

Don’t let us be hurried in this vast civilising process by an over- 29 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST. 1966

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Wanted—A Name One of the highlights of my visit to Rabaul was a reception given to me by the members of the Kombiu (or however you may wish to spell it) Club, consisting in the main of Amboinese, Micronesian and certain Mixed Races resident in the town.

Most of them I had known for many years; some of them had arrived there before I did in 1911: others were the offspring of old pioneers.

Their loyalty to the Territory was unquestioned: for years these selfeffacing people had kept the indigenes and themselves on an even keel. Their influence amongst native Tolais was great.

In olden days they were known as residents of Malay Town —truly a misnomer, for scarcely one of them could claim Malaya as their home land. It was merely a geopraphical term to cover those who came from many islands, not included in either Polynesia, Micronesia or Melanesia.

Today they are indifferentlv known as the “Kombiu Community” in Rabaul.

As I watched them at this gathering I felt a sadness. True loyal citizens, engaged in useful work with expert brains ai fingers, they seemed a section the community almost ignored officialdom.

They sought certain amenititi provided to others, but to the denied. And it made me wond as to whether these sought-f amenities would have been refus had the Kombiuians had tJ tendency to be fellow-travellers wi the Javanese (or Indonesians, you prefer the name) with who Australia is bending over baa wards to curry favour.

Loyalty in minority communitJ is well worthy of reward a i governments should foster it keenly as they seek to nip inte national animosities in the bud Short vision in such matU could prove unhappy.

After Twenty Years It had been a hectic morning Moresby; tootling here and there' from Konedobu to the town, to I Beach and back again. And as entered the Papua Hotel there sto a figure which rang a bell memory’s belfry.

After a moment, recognition w mutual. It was Orme Denny, Qantas, the nerve centre of aen transport in P-NG. Just over years before, I had hopped o'( from Wau to Moresby with Orn synchronising with the histoc making first air-mail flight Charlie Ulm in his Faith in At tralia, and we escorted him to ir Moresby ’drome.

In the roomy lounge, filled m Qantas’ passengers, pilots s glamorous hostesses, we spoke the early days of Guinea and tossed about the well-knoc names of New Guinea’s pionr pilots of the air, turning down empty glass for dear old E Gurney.

Yes. New Guinea ever s minded since the late Twenties is well in the debt of aviation its prosperity and its progress, s Orme Denny is seeing to it thatj gets service.

Chips in the Rain Some of the Bulolo passeng§ who flew from Lae to Goro made a call on the camp whi Chips Rafferty and his party “shooting” Walk Into Paradise, t the 5,000-odd ft, high Osaro Vail some miles from Goroka.

There was a temporary glo among the party. Rain, and mi rain, had held up production. A there’s nothing more depress?; than constant tropical rn especially when Chips’ chips limited.

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Inquiries; Past, Present And Future I Interesting matters for investigating around Rabaul area have Seen the Raluana people’s refusal to be included in the Village Council scheme; the so-called Fcargo cult” incident in the Bammgs and the reported irregularities in .the management of a Matupi cooperative. From what I hear there may be unexpected developments in isome of these affairs and a few (raised eyebrows in some quarters.

Passed On iGone to her rest at the age of 88 is Mrs. Edith Mabel Aitkinson, widow of Sam, a well-known Solomon Islands pioneer planter and trader, who planted up Awa and Balalai in the Shortland Group. Two daughters survive, Mrs.

'Train and Mrs. Dickes, and Clara Scott, QBE, is a niece J At Namatanai, New Ireland, last bnonth one of the few remaining links with Queen Emma was broken when Mrs. E. Kapple died. She was the last surviving niece of Mrs Kolbe in NG, and had spent most of her life planting and trading in the Namatanai district. She came to New Guinea from Samoa in 6890.

All Papuans?

F It would appear that the fears I expressed in the June issue on the name “Papuans” being applied to all natives of the two Territories were well founded, and subtle feelers have now been put out to test public opinion. Even the Rabaul News , the local pidgin paper, is riming a Gallup poll amongst the Tolais on the subject. .

Padre Ure, in the last Legislative Council, espoused the term and now none other than Ivan Champion has come to is support in a letter to the Moresby Press.

Academically the term may be generally correct and the adoption of a general name for natives of both Territories would undoubtedly tend ultimately to a closer unity and diminution of local jealousies.

But, above all this, must be considered popular opinion and the reluctance of the New Guinea area, which economically (apart from Canberra) carries Papua, to be submerged and lose its identity to the minority.

There seems to be a propensity for Papua—where officialdom is enthroned—to dominate the Territorial picture and this, in my opinion, is not right.

It does not seem equitable that the larger, more populated and more productive area should lose its identity to the satellite for the simple reason that the administrative headquarters have been placed there.

I cannot see that “Papuan” as a general term will be received kindly by the New Guinea people. Their territorial pride will not stand for A recent letter I received from an old NG planter on the subject says; “(i) The suggestion comes from Papua. No NG person wants it.

Surely Papuans have no right even to suggest the change. Let them change their own name if they wish, “(2) Many of the natives (New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Buka and Manus and all island boys) are certainly not Papuans and many NG mainland boys are not.

“(3) Boys in this Territory 31 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST. 1855

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loathe Papuan natives who treat them like dirt.

I “(4) The Papuan crime record over this side has not been such that one would wish to perpetuate their name.

“(5) Why should the greater number accept the name of the lesser number?

I “(6) How long smce the ‘poor relation’ had a right to dictate or even suggest?” 1 I do not necessarily endorse all the sentiments of my correspondent, hut it gives an idea of popular feeling there.

Ramakrishna Library Celebrates at Nadi IN little more than a year as a public library, the Ramakrishna Library at Nadi, Fiji, has Irchieved notable expansion, and the annual report for 1954-55 records an impressive list of library contacts iverseas.

I The original collection was founded in 1927 by Mr. M. N. Naidu as a memorial to his daughter.

I On July 14, when Library Day was celebrated, the Director of Agriculture (Mr C. Harvey) expressed the hope that the library would encourage local Indians in cultural activities.

Travellers' Tales BACK from Fiji, travellers were quoted by a Sydney paper at the end of July as saying that among the Fijian dishes they nad sampled was “taro —the vegetable made out of palm-tree roots.’

Considering that taro (dalo in Fijian) is a staple foodstuff in virtually every South Sea island where it can be grown, it is puzzling to account for this pearl of misinformation.

And then Comte de Colonna- Ceccaldi, en route from Tahiti to New Caledonia, recorded a disappointment.

At an outlying island of French.

Oceania he thought he had discovered “a group of Polynesians untouched by civilisation.”

But he found that this was an illusion; the wheel had merely turned full circle, and young women who normally wore “bras” sometimes discarded them for the edification of tourists with cameras. fl Miss Elizabeth McClurg and Mr.

Ken Weare, who were married at the Townsville City Baptist Tabernacle on July 9, will make their home at Port Moresby. 33 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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PACIFIC Islanders are well represented in this, one of the largest assemblies of trave 1-hungry people Britain ever has seen. Here are a few 7 of the Islands folk with whom I already have exchanged greetings lately: Mr. and Mrs. J. Maynard Hedstrom, of Fiji—briefly in London, and now gone a-wandering.

Mr. Jim Leahy, of Goroka, New Guinea Highlands. He and his very pretty young daughter Jon have been in Wales, and are now on the Italian Riveria.

Ted Glover, editor of South Pacific Post, and his attractive wife, Bunty, have been here for some months, and leave in August, with undisguised shouts of joy, for Sydney and Port Moresby. They insist firmly that they now 7 are Papuans, not English.

Mr. and Mrs. Bill Ryall (Nelson and Robertson, Ltd., Sydney) are touring somewhere in Scandinavia.

They seemed to get away from the overcrowded hotels of this London district.

Mr. C. H. Carpenter, of Sydney, is looking over the London end of the Big Firm’s world organisation.

Len Usher, Fiji’s Public Relations Officer, has combined his “long leave” with a special job for the Orient Company (which is so actively developing the trans-Pacific tourist traffic) and is spelling momentarily in London. He goes back to Sydney in one of the big Orient liners; and then he joins Mrs. Mollie Usher and the children in Auckland before they all return to Suva about the end of the year.

Willie Watson well-known Cool Islands merchant, has been in anc out of London, on a busy tour. ] gather from one newspaper tha he snapped irritably at one urn informed reporter who could no pinpoint Rarotonga, in the Soutl Pacific.

Joan and Gordon Carter, who pu 34 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH I.

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BOX 512 G.P.O. SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA Papuan Prints on the Port Moresby map in recent years, are here, after clocking up about 15,000 miles on a motor tour embracing various Asian and European countries. When their “Mighty Mouse” car gets back in November, it will be one of the most notable buses in Moresby streets, because along the front of its bonnet it carries the metal badges oi the following countries and clubs whose [tourist blessing it has had: Scotland. Switzerland, Belgium, fewiss-German Touring Club, Alsace, [Gross Lockner, Italy, Lichtenstein, [Swiss Auto Club, Bavarian Tour Club, Venice, Hongkong, Singapore, Denmark, Queensland RAC, German ABAC, France, Luxemburg, NRMA of NSW, Auto Club of Sweden, and the AAA of England.

I Colonel ‘Blue” Allan and Mrs.

Allan, of New Guinea and Sydney, having wandered around the East and the Mediterranean in a Wilhelmsen cargo-carrier, are due in 'London any day now, and a Euroroean wander is planned. | Every ship bound for the South pacific between now and the end of November seems to be booked out, and some of our friends, who [had hoped to escape southwards [before the year’s end, are full of [woe and worry.

I But London could not care less. [London is bedecked with every defvice calculated to separate these [“rich colonials” from their lucre; and the price of. everything, from ‘simple clothes to complicated service, literally sends the men from [“down under”—and more especially j*women from down under” —staggerling to their courteous banks, for [more and more money.

Dutch Seek to Improve New Guinea Stock AUSTRALIA, Burma and the Philippines will shortly be visited by two Dutch scientists who wish to acquaint themselves with the qualities of cattle in these countries with a view to possible [purchases to improve the cattle stock in Netherlands New Guinea. [ The scientists are the director of the Netherlands Institute for Animal Research TNG (Central National Council for Applied Scientific Research in the Netherlands) at Utrecht; and the director of the Institute for Tropical and Protozoan Diseases at the University of Utrecht. [ They have left for New Guinea at the request of the Netherlands [Ministry for Overseas Parts of the [Realm.

H Mr. and Mrs. W. A. L. Clarke, of Tomanapu Plantation, Bougainville. returned to the Northern Solomons in August after vacation in Australia. Mrs. Clarke’s health had benefited from the visit south.

Tahiti's Celebrations Were Reopened TAHITI’S July celebrations were voted a success by tourists and business interests, according to a Papeete despatch.

The entertainment booths, etc., operated for ten days. Then the Governor gave permission for a brief reopening on July 30-31 to coincide with the visit of the Messageries Maritimes liners Caledonien and Eridan.

Honolulu-Papeete Service THERE were indications of South Pacific Alr 11 ne s’ Honolulu- Papeete service coming closer in June. The company was advertising for suitable Papeete representation, and from Honolulu there was word that a landing barge which had earlier been used in salvage work was being fitted out there by the company for use at its Christmas Island staging base. t in 1954, income tax collections in Fiji totalled £1,344,057, an increase of 29.1 per cent, on the 1953 total. 35 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Arbitrator For P-Ng

Public Service

appointment of Mr. R. A. Wood as blic Service Arbitrator for Papua j New Guinea was announced at nberra on July 20. [Tie appointment is for three irs and is the first of its kind be made in the Territory.

Jr. Wood has been secretary to ‘ Western Australia State Public rvice Commission and has also Id appointments as Registrar of I State Industrial Arbitration urt and Deputy Registrar of the mmon wealth Arbitration Court.

F a time he was Deputy Director Western Australia for the Comer wealth Department of Postr Reconstruction.

1 Co-Operatives Boom

Annual report figures show that » astonishing growth of native societies in P-NG is itinuing. for the 1954-55 financial year, the ■operatives had a total turnover £962,603. This was more than If as much again the turnover ■ the previous year.

Native co-operatives have taken giant strides in the six years they have been in existence. In 1950, the turnover was only £62,000.

There are now 198 native cooperatives in the Territory and 11 native societies’ associations. During the financial year, 16 new societies and two new associations were formed.

The Acting Director of the P-NG Department of Native Affairs (Mr.

J. K. McCarthy) pointed out this week that the annual turnover of the native co-operatives was more than three times the capital investment. . .

He said regular routine visits have been made during the year by officers of the department’s Cooperative Section and 450 audits had been carried out.

Turning to co-operative education, Mr. McCarthy said that during the year, 78 natives had been trained for co-operative work at classes at Rabaul and Port Moresby.

Extension of educational work would follow the completion of a new co-operative school at Port Moresby. It will cost £ll,OOO and will accommodate 60 resident students.

The financial cost of running the school will be borne by the cooperatives.

Port Moresby Fire

Shell Company’s single men’s quarters was burnt to the ground at Badilli, Port Moresby, in July.

The only thing saved was a cane chair and this was severely scorched.

Four men living in the modern quarters lost everything in the fire, the cause of which is not known.

Damage is estimated at about £7,000.

Goroka Mission School?

No details have yet been announced, but it is believed that the Catholic Mission at Madang is planning the establishment of a secondary school in the Territory.

It is to be at Goroka, in the Eastern Highlands.

The reply to a PIM correspondent on the question was that a Roman Catholic Presbytery had already been built at Goroka and a church would soon be constructed.

After that, a school would be built and then “serious consideration would be given to the establishment of a secondary school.”

When plans were definite, the mission would announce details of the proposal.

Reports from Goroka state that 37 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Tuberculosis Problem

One of the world’s lead: authorities on tuberculosis, Harry Wunderly, says that TB o not be wiped out in P-NG, bu can be controlled effectively.

Sir Harry, who is Director of Commonwealth Division of Tui culosis, spent three weeks in Pa and New Guinea inspecting he; facilities. Accompanied by the Te tory Director of Health (Dr, Gunther) for most of the tour' visited Samarai, Lae, Finschha Madang, Angoram, Wewak, Kavii Rabaul, Kokopo and Kokoka.

He said he was impressed what had been done by the Adn istration.

He believed that the most urg requirement for the extension New Guinea-Bound in J[?] Mrs. C. C. King, with Barbara, Richard Penelope (upper picture), went north Sydney in the "Bulolo" in July to join King, of the Education Department, S[?] Middle; Mrs. D. E. Mclnnis, whose hu[?] is Director of Lands in Papua-New Guineas farewelled at Sydney by her son lan whes departed aboard "Bulolo". Lower: Mr. [?] Mrs. S. F. Dunster and Miss Joy D[?] made the July round-trip to New Guin[?] "Bulolo". Mr. Dunster, Radio Enginees Bitapaka 1919-1921, was returninig to [?] acq antainees.

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OR HOBART. 12A/2. lalth services was more personnel, tit these people—doctors, nurses id men to operate X-ray machines, Iwell as many others, would have Ibe housed properly. At the same me, more and better hospital teommodation would have to be fcvided.

ISir Harry said he had found that, Ith the facilities available, much ras being done to limit the spread | infectious diseases and to impove the health of the community. -He noted that the natives defeloped TB rather easily but, if lagnosed early, they responded iirprisingly well to modern treatlent. |His tour had shown him that the lastal areas of the Territory had ■ higher incidence of tuberculosis ban other districts. This was lainly because the natives there fere being brought constantly into bntact with the infection.

I Bus Colour Schemes

■When four new Administration Issenger buses appeared at Port loresby, it was found that somek)dy had had the bright idea of feinting them with the Qantas bus felours —dark blue body and sky ilue roof.

But when they go into service hey will have cream roofs. | The bill for amending the bright dea will go to the Administration; hence, presumably, to the Ausfralian taxpayer.

Patrol Record

The return of four Patrol Officers » their bases in the Eastern Highlands District at the end of June marked the completion of a record number of 57 patrols in the district for the year.

This was 16 patrols more than last year’s record total.

Dogs And Roosters

Rabaul is having trouble with dogs and roosters.

In recent weeks a number of people have written to the District Office complaining about dogs barking and roosters crowing in the town area.

As a result a suggestion has been put forward that a branch of the- RSPCA should be formed at Rabaul.

Lae is also having noise trouble.

This time it’s the curfew bell rung at 10.30 every night.

Residents are complaining that the boy who does the ringing is a little too energetic.

A PIM correspondent says that the curfew bell can be heard almost at Finschhafen. Even the heaviest sleepers are disturbed.

Complaints Procedure

Territory people with complaints regarding Administration personnel have been invited by the Administrator to come forward and state their complaints.

He said that if complainants would approach him personally, he would be the first to take action.

Brigadier Cleland was referring to an article in the local newspaper.

It alleged that a respected member of the community had been threatened by an Admministration officer in an effort to block reasonable criticism of the officer’s own department.

The Administrator said that if these allegations were substantiated, Opening of New Poreporena Church The Rev N.F. Cocks, secretary in Australia for the London Missionary Society, opened the [?]w Poreporena Church, Port Moresby, on June 25 On the left is Pastor Taunao Agaru pastor [?] the church. On the extreme right is the Rev S. J. Rankin, who gave the dedication prayer [?] both Motu and English, and on her right is the senior deacon. Vagi Lohai. —Photo by Papuan prims. 39 pacific islands monthly august, i»55

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drastic action would be taken against anyone who was abusing his position.

He added; “I will not tolerate conduct such as that complained of.

If people have legitimate complaints, let them come forward and state them frankly and fearlessly. There is no need to hide behind a nomde-plume for fear of reprisal in [these circumstances.”

Cocoa Booming

| Production of cocoa as a cash [crop for natives in the Gazelle Peninsula has taken giant strides [in the last few years.

I They expect to get more than £lO,OOO for this year’s crop.

I In the nine months to March, production amounted to 30 tons.

I Cocoa is currently valued at £350 a ton.

I In 1952, only two tons were produced in the area. It increased to eight tons in 1953 and 20 tons in 1954.

I Cocoa is also produced in New [lreland and Bougainville, but on a inuch smaller scale.

Orient Cruise-Ship

I The Orient liner Oronsay’s July fpisit to Port Moresby was so successful that last-minute touristfehoppers delayed the ship’s departure for half an hour.

I General comment by passengers in cruise-ships indicates that Port Moresby and Suva are the most popular of the Island ports of call.

For one reason or another, Noumea leem to come in for a good deal Of criticism.

I The Oronsay was not permitted to tie up at the wharf. Administration officials pointed out that one bump from the 28,000-tonner fcould do an awful lot of damage.

I The ship anchored half a mile pom the main wharf. Shuttle services of small boats brought the hundreds of travellers ashore and ferried scores of Moresby people to Inspect the liner.

I The customary sing-sings, dancing and other entertainments were fetaged, and shopkeepers did record business. [A film of the Oronsay’s visit was made by cameramen of the Department of the Interior.

Gogol River Bridge

I Thirty miles of road from Madang to the Gogol River Valley cost the r-NG Administration nearly £B,OOO last financial year. [The Assistant Administrator (Mr. pilson) said in July that no estimate had yet been prepared for a steel and concrete bridge over the Gogol River. When this was pone, it would be possible to consider providing funds for the bridge.

I Native Liquor Question

I The question of whether natives should be permitted to drink was taken another stage when the Select Committee appointed by the legislative Council announced that it would seek the opinion of anyone who wished to state his views on the matter.

Europeans, natives, Asians and people of mixed blood are included in the invitation.

The question is; Can they say anything more than has been said since the proposal was first introduced to the Legislative Council in 1953?

The Council has passed the Liquor (Native) Ordinance, and this will soon become law.

However, the Administrator (Brigadier Cleland) has given an undertaking that the section permitting him to allow certain natives Port Moresby Tennis Port Moresby tennis championship finals were played before a record crowd on June 12. P. Smart won the singles title and he shared the doubles with L. Smart for the second year in succession.

Picture shows (left to right): P. and L, Smart and the doubles losers, M. Lalor and G. Crouch. —Photo by Papuan Prints. 41 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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The committee has announced that it will sit at Port Moresby, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, and Samara! to hear evidence either for or against the proposal.

During the last Legislative Council meeting, when the Rev. Mr. Ure proposed the appointment of a Select Committee, a shock move came when the Director of Health (Dr. J. Gunther) declined to accept nomination. He said his views on the subject were already known, but he offered his assistance to the committee in any way.

The committee consists of two mission representatives, the Rev.

Mr. Ure, Father J. Dwyer; two Official Members, Mr. J. K. McCarthy (Native Affairs), and Mr. T.

Grahamslaw (Customs), and the nominated member, Mr. R. Bunting.

The Committee will report to the next meeting of the Legislative Council in October,

Swift Madang Arrest

Only three hours separated the arrival of the Bulolo at Madang and the arrest of a member of her crew on a theft charge.

Bulolo berthed at 8 am on July 5, and by 11 o’clock the man was before the Court.

He was fined £3 for stealing Eastern embroidery from a Chinese trader.

Mission Air Service

Plans have been announced for the expansion of the aerial missionary service now operating in New Guinea.

The service supplements commercial transport in the Territory, as well as in Dutch New Guinea, and four countries in South America.

It is known as the Missionai Aviation Fellowship and without : many missionaries would be hands capped in their work in the remot areas.

The chief pilot for the servi'i (Mr. Charles Mellis) told PIM thr week that two light aircraft hs been ordered from America to ii 42 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH LI

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S§3 PJ/o m. a jrease the Fellowship’s fleet of four n New Guinea. Another two would >e placed on order soon. [ One of the planes on order would >e stationed at Banz in the Central lighlands and the other would go 0 Madang. ■ Mr. Mellis said the Fellowship’s lircraft were now serving more ban 160 missionaries and their amilies. The aircraft were carrying aany thousand pounds’ weight of krgo every year.

Blackouts Ended

[Blackouts have ended for the time Bing at Port Moresby—and not bebre time. [Evening pea k-h our rationing ferted on June 1 and ended on July 1 Every area of Moresby was Ithout power for three-quarters of H hour in the evening. [Rationing started after one of the x engines at the power station ad broken down. Technicians [shed in on the rationing and infilled another, as well as repairb the engine out of commission.

The Administration now says fere should not be any more tckouts before the Rouna Hydrojctric scheme comes into operation.

Officers’ Taxation

The Federal Taxation Office ruled recently that salaries paid to Administration officers during attendance at the Australian School of Pacific Administration after service in the Territory were exempt from taxation.

The Taxation Commissioner later advised that the exemption will apply only in respect of salaries received during the year ended June 30, 1955, and subsequent years. No rebate will be made on assessments before June 30, 1954.

It has been confirmed that similar income tax exemption will apply to permanent Administration officers who are attending the School of Tropical Medicine at Sydney University after service in the Territory.

New recruits to the Territory Public Service who attend ASOPA, or the School of Tropical Medicine before taking up duty in the Territory, will be subject to income taxation during their study courses in Australia.

Community Roading

An important piece of road work has been carried out in the Gulf District of Papua through collaboration between the Administration, plantation residents and the native population.

Through this joint effort a road has been built over a rocky coastal outcrop known as the “Bluff,” which previously blocked vehicular traffic along the hard sand beaches between Vailala and Kerema.

The road over the Bluff was const Birthday at Port Moresby It patricia Perichcn cuts the cake at her birthday party, held at the Aquatic Club, [?] Moresby, on June 25. On her right is mother, Mrs. C. W. Perichon. —Photo by Papuan Prints. 43 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Mr. R. Preece, of Petoi Plantation, (voluntarily supervised much of the work done by Administration labour drawn from local villages, and Mr.

A. Chalder, of Huiva Plantation, owned by Steamships Trading Co., supervised blasting operations and provided some of the labour from the plantation. ; They worked in collaboration with the Assistant District Officer at Kerema, Mr. A. K. Jackson, and his staff.

Although the new road link is slightly less than a mile long, it presented a difficult construction problem, and involved cutting a route over solid rock rising sharply from sea level. This was all done by blasting and hand labour.

Tribal Fighting

Tribal fighting south of Menyamya, in the Morobe District, New Guinea caused at least nine deaths early in ™ Th f SP? TT Menyamya Station, Mr. J. E. Wakeford, was on patrol Women racegoers at port Moreby came out in their best for the Queen's Birthday race meetmg. At left, Mrs. A. Lancaster; right. Misses Pat Perichon and Polly Cargeeg. —Photos by Papuan Prints. 45 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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DB. 1282 when he learned of the fighting.

With ten native policemen, he went to the area to endeavour to stop the outbreak. Another ten police followed the first party It was officially stated at Port Moresby that there has been little contact with the tribes in the area, who are still in a very primitive Consolidation of Administration influence had been proceeding in other parts of the region since the Menyamya Station was opened at the end of 1950.

SANCTUARIES The Animals and Birds Protection Ordinance has been amended to enable the declaration of fauna sanctuaries in limited areas. Within these areas native hunting rights will not be allowed, and collectors will be able to obtain specimens only in regions specified by permit.

A further amendment permits fauna to be declared unprotected in limited areas for limited times. This is to permit the “thinning out” of fauna which although generally protected shows a tendency to increase beyond reasonable limits.

New Moresby Hospital

A Sydney company has a contract to build a £409,000 native hospital at Port Moresby.

The company, E. S. Clementson Pty. Ltd., of Lane Cove, has almost completed a £500,000 hospital at Glen Innes.

The Port Moresby hospital will have 300 beds, and the job, in terms of the contract, is to be finished in 120 weeks.

The contract is believed to be the biggest building venture undertaken in Papua.

A European section of the hospital will be built later, at an estimate* cost of about £1,000,000.

The assistant managing directc of E. S. Clementson Pty. Ltd., Mi D. G. Peacocke, said that nativ labour would be used to build tht hospital under direction of a tean of experts sent from Australia.

Native Apprenticeship

Board Meeting

The Native Apprenticeship Boar held its sixth meeting on July 27 s Kwato, in the Milne Bay Distric: with Mr. J. Hohnen, of New Guine Goldfields Limited, as chairmai Reviewing the progress mac since the scheme was opened la;.

May, the board expressed pleasui at the response of the public to th plans for training native apprentice Information placed beftpre tb members showed that with tb available facilities in some Terr tory centres, it will be possible 1 accept immediately a number < natives from the higher level train ing groups for admission to tb scheme as 4th and sth ye* apprentices.

These apprentices will thereto* qualify as tradesmen in 1956 an 1957, and it is expected that durin the coming year approximately li, will be doing their training at van ous stages of five-year apprentice ships. Further increase in t h number of apprentices will depen Golfers 7 Hazard at Rabaul This Japanese pillbox still stands solidly on the Rabaul Golf Club's fairway. Not far away is another war relic—a Japanese gun. If anybody plays a ball into the gun-barrel the penalty is refreshment for everybody. So far the penalty has never been incurred.

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upon the training facilities available and the initial success of the scheme.

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Healy, was appointed chairman, and the other committee members are Messrs. Beavis, Gabriel, Peerson and Burrows. It was considered that within the next few weeks a number of native apprentices could be engaged for the shipbuilding, engineering and woodworking trades.

The board was impressed by the technical training facilities at the Kwato Mission, where a high degree of craftsmanship is maintained in the trades taught at the centre.

The Milne Bay District Committee has been requested to inspect these facilities and those at other establishments in the district to assess the managements as approved employers.

The importance of technical education associated with apprenticeships was discussed by the board, which is making preparations for holding classes in special trade subjects at the centres where native apprentices are to be employed.

Wedding at Rabaul Health Education Plan For P-NG MISS BARBARA McLACHLAN. of the P-NG Education Department, is on her way to the United States to do a year’s study at the University of California on health education, under a World Health Organisation fellowship.

This is a special post-graduate course on modern methods of health education which seek to obtain the co-operation of individuals and the community generally. This type of education is particularly essential in Papua and New Guinea. 1 111:10 fiVO m . e ” l^? rs of the western Samoan Legislative Assembly who will visit New Zealan d in September as guests of the Dominion Govern- Tofaeono 3 - fS^and g. F. Betham. Travelline: exoenseK anc * from New Zealand will be paid by the Samoan Gov <*nment. x T r* 1 La £ y <?. arvey s lft . fund for the Fijian troops in Malaya was closed soon after it had been announced that the Ist Battalion would return home early in 1956 The committee administering the fund is making arrangements for the last distribution of Christmas parcels for the soldiers as well as f or benefits for dependents Miss Gertrude Lyons and Mr. Gerhardt porath, of Lili-na-kaia Plantation, were married at the Methodist Church, Rabaul, on June 27. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. W. Lutton. —Photo by C. H. Meen. 47 pacific islands monthly august, mss

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Records From Islands

THE South Pacific Commission has circularised broadcasting authorities in the South Pacific Islands seeking co-operation towards the formation of a central library of recorded music, chants, ceremonies, historic occasion, etc., associated with the Islands.

There are, of course, other people who possess such tape recordings and may care to make them available for copy and filing.

Provided that the subject matter is of reasonably wide interest, the commission will transfer the recordings to high-quality discs, one of which will be supplied to the contributor. Other copies will be sold at an expected 10/-, approximately for a 12-inch, double-sided disc.

Matter of less general interest would be recorded on cheaper discs or tape, and, at a reasonable charge, all matter will eventually be available on tape if preferred.

Those interested in contributing should WTite to the Executive Officer for Social Development, SPC, GPO.

Box 5254, Sydney, NSW, Australia. r GIMP John Numa made a medical survey of the population of Palmerston Island and Pukapuka in July.

Mr. F. N. M. Pusinelli, Secretary to the Government, Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, returning from furlough in England, arrived at Sydney by plane and departed via Brisbane and Nauru aboard a phosphate vessel late July. Mr Pusinelli will be Acting Resident Commissioner in the absence of Mr Bernacchi, who is now on furlough Doctor General Robert, Director-General of the French Medical Service, called at Suva in July on his way to and from Tahiti, where he inspected the Medical Service. He is seen here with Mr. M. H. Helsen, French Consul at Suva and managing director of Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd. — Photo by Caines. 49

Pa Ci F I C Islands Monthly August, 1955

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Crime Outbreak at Suva Causes Alarm (From Our Own Correspondent) WIRE guards and shutters < Suva shop windows at nig) are a result of what might called the city’s current crime way Two cafes were burgled on Ju 18, £4O worth of cigarettes beiJ stolen from the Peking and anoth £4O, in cigarettes and cash, fro the Regal.

Meanwhile, cases of breaking a:, entering have occurred in resident, areas, and a number of nigh prowlers have been going 11 rounds, causing great disquiet amoc women. , „ All things considered, Suva normally a law-abiding place—imarkably so in comparison w: larger cities overseas and the pi sent outbreak has caused a go deal of commotion.

More policemen are on patrol night, but it is clear that the poli with a suburban prowler-hunt their hands as well as keeping eye on the central area, cannot impossibilities.

Various citizens have come with suggestions for extr e it measures. One is that a detachmu of Fijian soldiers should be s< home from Malaya to reinforce ' police. Another is that photograj of convicted prowlers and burgll should be publicly displayed to identification by householders s to deter reprobates who, howes hardened they may be, usually o like publicity.

Eventful Delivery

Flight To Noum[?]

FIRST aircraft for the nea formed TRANSPAC inti island airline, Noumea, was i livered late in July by Captt Peter E. Palmer, representatives an English delivery firm.

The de Haviland Rapide, n chased second-hand in Engls, came by way of France, Iv.

Greece, Cyprus, Syria, Iraq, Per; Pakistan, India, Siam, Bim Malaya, Indonesia, Darwin, Island, and Port Moresby.

At Port Moresby, aviation autlL ities held up the aircraft iu extra fuel tankage was providedc the ocean hop to Noumea.

Captain Palmer said that he had a failure of one engine three a fuel blockage 25 miles from H dad, but landed safely.

Then he was gaoled for two o in Indonesia for arriving witlo having first completed the I formalities. .

TRANSPAC’s second Rapide r be delivered in about six month. 50 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHS

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Uniforms for Patrol Officers Suggested DISTINCTIVE uniforms, after the style of those available to District Service personnel in the old New Guinea Administration, should be worn by present members of that Deipartment who are in contact with natives.

This opinion was expressed by Mr. Don Barrett, the member for New Guinea Islands electorate, in the recent meeting of the Papua and New Guinea Legislative Council.

Mr. Barrett went on; “The officers of the Dept, of District Services have a very grave responsibility—they have a dignity to uphold; they represent a service with a very fine tradition. Prior to the war, a field uniform could be worn by those officers, and from photographs I have seen of that uniform it was indeed a smart one and had engendered respect amongst the peoples with whom those officers were working. ‘“To-day the same cannot be said.

To say that some officers of the Public Service dress sloppily is putting it lightly. They may be few in number but the fact remains that there are some. I would like to suggest that the Administration give the most serious consideration to reintroducing a type of field uniform for the Dept, of District Services with the types of badges such as existed before the war in the Territory of New Guinea. . . If officers of the Department were issued with that uniform . . . their prestige would be enhanced.”

Mr. Barrett also had something to say about methods of communicating with natives and suggested that officers of District Services who are in close contact with these people should master the local lingua franca, be it Pidgin, Motu or, in areas of large language groups, the local dialect.

He said that he did not think that it was unreasonable to expect this—members of various Missions aid so—but it was essential that officers should not be changed frequently by the Administration from district to district as had been the case in some instances recently. (Editorial Note : Mr. Barrett is, 2 «??«», right. It matters tie what a gathering of the intelligentsia in, say, London, wear; out it matters a great deal how the Person in whom is vested Authority appears before the semi-civilised.

Sfoppy dress indicates sloppy discipline and lack of pride—and no one is quicker to notice it than the native. Our colonising grandfathers had the right idea when they decided that braid and feathers were essential in impressing the lowly savage. The uniforms of the British Colonial Service still carry on that idea and although they may not be precisely comfortable for the wearer, they are part of carrying the White Man’s burden and still regarded as part of the job. Something more modern perhaps would be more in order for Australians in Australian territories. Although grandfather’s psychology has been largely discredited it still holds good in this department and a smart uniform on a smart officer is likely to pay bigger dividends than any amount of fraternising of the Brown Brother order).

Interrupted Voyage AN eventful voyage from Hongkong delayed by four days the arrival of the Eastern Star at Rabaul in July.

First the ship lost a propeller blade. Then she was diverted to Manus to land a dangerously ill man.

After unloading at Rabaul, Eastern Star sailed for Sydney, and then to dry dock for repairs. !IMr. K. J. Garnett, a Veterinary Officer in Fiji who has been on leave in Britain, has won a diploma of veterinary State medicine at the Royal Dick Veterinary College, Edinburgh. 51 AC I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Nc Disposes Of Ex-Jap

PROPERTY From Our Own Correspondent NOT all the sequestrated Japanese properties in New Caledonia will be sold.

A large property of about 2,000 Biectares in the coffee-growing centre of Ponerihouen will be retained by the French Government for agricultural purposes. Farmers may be sent from France to work the property.

Several small ex-Japanese properties in the north of the island were put up for sale early in July.

When the land and houses have been sold, certain mining leases will be put on the market. It is believed that the authorities will not permit monopoly control of these leases.

The Goro mining area, once the of the Japanese-financed Societe Le Fer, is likely to be the centre of interest. This great iron ore concession on the south-east coast includes a valuable conveyor system for quick loading of ships.

It is possible that a local company, in which the Government Mining Bureau might be interested, may be formed to bid for this concession.

It is not known if the Japanese will be represented at the sale.

Meanwhile four small ex-Japanese properties in Noumea suburbs are to be sold by auction with a jumping off price of 140,000 francs (about £A1,000) each. Two of the properties include small houses. t Melbourne is to be invaded by sports-loving young New Caledonians for the Olympics next year.

No need, though, for the Australians to brush up their French.

It is being handled from the other end and Radio Noumea has instituted an English-by-Radio session to prepare all hands for the excursion. Classes are being conducted by the English Professor at La Perouse College. if A German free lance journalist, Dr. Krug, is to visit Papua-New Guinea to gather material for special articles to be published in 15 German newspapers. He plans to spend six weeks on his tour.

Bridge Without River . . .

This bridge is being constructed by the Condominium Public Works Dept, over the Surakata River, at Santo, NH. It will replace an American war-time bridge. This photograph was taken in April by a visitor who said that the bridge itself was being built on the land—the far edge of it rests on the river bank and the large, white block of concrete seen in the photograph is where it will ultimately rest on the other side of the river.

The visitor wondered how it would be done. 53 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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WHO Nursing Seminar Held at Suva in July t A new weather observation station has been established in American Samoa with a full-time meteorological staff. t A $4,000 Yale-Bishop Museum Fellowship for 1955-56 has b< awarded to Dr. Robert C. Coon of Auckland Institute and Musev to make a botanical study of taro and the sweet potato Polynesia.

Delegates from South-East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands gathered) Suva in July for the WHO nursing seminar. Among the entertainments was a reception gi[?] by Chinese residents of Suva for their compatriots. This picture shows Mr. C. C. Cheng (ext[?] left) talking with Mr. Kiwan Li, Administration and Finance Officer, Manila; Mrs. Ki Boon (Korea): Miss Betty Honson (Suva); Miss Tao-Chen Ye (Formosa): Mrs. E. R. Fong (Brunei); [?] Clara Ko (Hongkong); and Miss Wilhelmina Tan (Sarawak). — Photo: Public Relations Office, 54 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH M

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Mr. K. WITHERINGTON, 2 Burns Philp Buildings, SUVA AUSTRALIA & NEW GUINEA: T. H. BENTLEY Pty. LTD. 123-I2S William St., MELBOURNE. C.I Eastern Samoa Makes Plans AT the opening session of the American Samoa fourth Legislature session in June, Governor Lowe reported that the government was seeking an allocation of $1 million for 1957 for the development of Tafuna Airport to international standards. In view of this call on Washington, the Governor advised members to adopt caution in their demands for finance for other projects. | The wide variety of matters to be debated at the ten-day session included the possible elimination of the $5 head tax in favour of an increase in copra export duty, as well as a general study of taxation in the territory. Other subjects: liquidation of the Retirement Fund; simplification of East-West Samoa travel formalities; Matai titles; Banking and postal services in the Manu’a Group; laws to protect Samoan interests in business; workers’ compensation. [Governor Lowe took the occasion to remind members that the stability and intelligence of the Legislature in its work would govern now soon greater responsibility would be granted towards self-government. B *The Governor said that great progress had been made in the past 18 months.

If M Jacques Foccart an elected pember of the Union Francaise (the French Empire Parliament) has been entrusted with a mission m the French West Indies, Tahiti and New Caledonia. Noumea cynics nave commented that M. Foccart will be the 17th member of the Union Francaise to get a free I Jtoyage to New Caledonia with a mission of one kind or another. fl Miss Irish Wilcock, Sub-Dean 01 the Faculty of Arts and lecturer in French at Melbourne University, has been visiting New to (in her own phrase) smooth out her French.” She was cordially welcomed by the local education authorities.

Locally-Brewed Beer for Tahiti Papeete's modern and well-equipped new brewery was opened by Governor Toby on July 8, after delays in obtaining machinery, building materials, etc. The total cost was 54,000,000 Pacific francs (£A386,000 approximately), and the brewery has a present capacity of 330,000 gallons of beer per annum.

The accompanying photograph, taken at the official opening, shows Governor Toby (dark glasses) with M. Yves Martin, director of the company, on his right, and other leading Papeete citizens. 55 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

out rodents with aluminium rat guards r ip** 0 * *< * N< OW is the time to protl your coconut trees by inst ling 2S Aluminium Rat Guan These Aluminium Strips can be plat around trees at convenient heights from ground to prevent attacks on coconuts by rats.

These guards are easy to install, do not involve much cost or lab(L are a deterrent to the rat population and can save valuable cocot crops from destruction.

Further details about Aluminium Rat Guards can be obtained fa our Agents. mmmm dmq mm (Incorporated in Canada) . .

Principal British Commonwealth Distributor of Aluminium VIES AGENTS; Ocean House, 34 Martin Place, Sydney, N.S.W.

An ALUMINIUM LIMITED Company Cook Islands: A. B. DONALD LTD.. Raratonga. Cook Islls French Oceania: ETABLISSEMENTS DONALD TAHITI. Pam New Caledonia and New Hebrides: AGENCE ALMA, Nou< New Caledonia.

Territory of Papua-New Guinea-BURNS PHILP (NEW GUINEA) LIMITED. Port Moresby. ew Zealand: RICHARDSON. McCABE & CO. LTD., Wellington uckland, Christchurch.

Western Samoa and Tonga: MORRIS HEDSTROM LIMITED, iv'a, Fiji.

OND O N MONTREAL CALCUTTA SYDNEY KAR A C 56 AUGUST, 195 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH

SLEEPMAKERS PTY. LTD. 74 WILSON STREET, NEWTOWN, SYDNEY.

Makers of The Famous Inner Spring Bedding Our product is available in all Pacific Islands.

IF UNABLE TO OBTAIN.

CONTACT OUR NEW AGENTS FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDS ARE: All Branches of BURNS PHILP (N.G.) LTD., BURNS PHILP (S.S.) CO. LTD.

BURNS PHILP (N.H.) LTD.

Pago Tuna Enterprise is Expanding PAGO PAGO is to see an expansion of tuna fishing and canning operations following the fvisit of a Van Camp Company 'official recently. The ice-making and fish-storing capacity will be greatly expanded with the arrival of the Japanese freezer mothership Saipan Maru, which will also be able to store all swordfish, sharks, and tuna previously wasted for lack of storage.

I The latter produce will now go to Japan, with the exception of the ■mall quantity used on the local market.

In the cannery, three modern packing “lines” are being established to replace the present two out-dated lines. New canning equipment is being installed, and the fish dock improved and extended. An additional fishing vessel, the Kaiko Maru No. 13, has arrived. She is somewhat larger than the others— -352 gross tons. She brought in 47 tons of fish as her first offering in June.

I Van Camps recently joined forces with the US Fish & Wildlife Service Pacific Ocean Fishery Investigation team to carry out further long-line tuna fishing surveys in Line Islands waters and results were “moderately successful.” The company is keen that other American fishing vessels —or any other vessels —supply tuna to the cannery on a tonnage basis ,and the Line Islands area is considered a potentially valuable and, so far, unworked fishing ground.

General Guillaume's Pacific Tour

Sydney Photographer

IMPRESSED

By New Caledonia

From Our Own Correspondent NEW Caledonia’s cat 11 e and pastures have impressed Mr.

Norman Hertford, a well-known Sydney photographer, but he, like many others, shakes his head over the island’s dependence on imports of tinned (or powdered) milk and butter.

Aided by everybody from the Governor down, Mr. Hertford secured a comprehensive pictorial coverage of New Caledonia for a Sydney journal.

Having been subjected to sugarcoated treatment by people who produce South Sea claptrap for Australians, the Colony is hoping for something more accurate this time.

Mr. Hertford, like other people who have seen New Caledonia’s sparkling rivers, was surprised that no fish-stocking has been done. In many ways the rivers resemble New Zealand’s world-f a m o u s trout streams.

One of the visitor’s most unusual shots was secured at a girls’ school, where, during a cookery lesson, he found girls preparing snails for the oven.

General de I'Armee Augustine Guillaume, Inspector of the French Armed Forces, is seen here with the High Commissioner for France in the Pacific (M. Rene Hoffherr) at Noumea.

General Guillaume's Pacific tour in July included New Caledonia, Tahiti, New Zealand and Australia. —Official Photograph. 57 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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Distributors, also, of GALVANISED IRON, plain or corrugated. NUTS and BOLTS. ELECTRODES and ALL WELDING EQUIPMENT.

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Samarai Papua

Branches at: ORO BAY AND POPONDE7TTA.

Samarai Agents For:—

Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd.

South British Insurance Co.

National Mutual Life Association

Sole Agents In Papua/New Guinea Fori

Polarizers (U.K.), Ltd.—Polaroid Sun Glasses.* C.S.A. Industries, Eng.—Dual Freeze Refrigerators.

Webley & Scott, Ltd.—Shot Guns, Air Pistols, etc.

E. K. Cole, Ltd., London.—“Ekco” Radio Receivers.

“Getula.”—Nylon Monofilament Fish lines.

Davison Paints, Ltd.. N.S.W.—Paint for Tropical Cora ditions. • Trade mark patented in U.S.A., Great Britain, and other countries

Regular Supplies Of Eastern Goods

Wholesale & Retail Merchants —Importers Planters

Polythene Film Used

As Banana Wrapping

JAMAICA’S entire banana output is to be wrapped in polythene film supplied by a British firm in weekly consignments of ten tons.

Polythene, states a London report, helps to prevent chafing and scarring of the skin. Its transparency makes inspection easy and its flexibility saves packing space. The film is moisture-proof and this reduces loss of weight.

Whether, in the distant future, some development of the kind may appear in the South Pacific is a matter for speculation.

Jamaica’s bananas are exported, mostly to Britain, in bunches or hands. Fiji’s, Samoa’s and Tonga’s bananas are not, because the shipping people and the New Zealand importers insist on cases.

Despite occasional mutterings from NZ consumers, the case system often involves, in the Islands, the violent jamming of bananas into boxes and, on occasion, a certain amount of jumping on the boxes before the lids can be slammed on.

Further, the method of ripening at the NZ end is sometimes primitive.

There seems to be a substantial gap between bananas in cases and such niceties of feeling as the prevention of chafing and scarring of the skin by polythene film.

If The Rev. Father C. A. Palmer, SM, of the Marist Mission at Honiara, BSIP, arrived at Brisbane in June with a remarkable collection of recordings of Melanesian and Poynesian songs and music. Father Palmer, who was born at Brisbane, has spent 17 years in the Solomox His collection of tape and disc i cordings is the first of its kii made in the Protectorate. It w be used to accompany lectures ai school talks in Australia. 58 AUGUST,, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHI

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A Product Of Bristol-Myers

BMI3C-55 Grahamslaw In Action

Customs Department

Red Tape Untangled

From Our Rabaul Correspondent RECENTLY businessmen in Rabaul, NG, protested vigorously through the local press against | red tape at the Customs Departiment which, they said, was ■strangling the commercial life of (the town. \ Understaffed with, in the main, ■inexperienced employees who allowed *no elasticity in interpreting the ■regulations, both exports and im- [ ports were held up. Four vessels were ■expected from overseas within ten (days, while the Customs shed was ■packed with cargoes more than two w weeks old.

Among the complaints was one of discourtesy to the public by one of the Department’s officers.

Within six days of publication of the reports on his Department, Mr.

T. Grahamslaw, Collector of Customs, was in Rabaul, having arranged appointments, prior to his arrival, with the businessmen quoted in the newspaper articles. | During his II days’ stay, Mr.

Grahamslaw interviewed both European and Chinese businessmen, listened to their problems, and, where possible, promised to ease restrictive routines.

On the night before his departure he addressed the Rabaul Customs staff, briefed them with an outline of their obligations to the public and investigated the complaint of discourtesy.

On this last point no news has filtered beyond the Department.

However, since Mr. Grahamslaw’s departure the transformation in the Rabaul Customs office has been amazing. No problem is too much trouble for the clerical staff to help solve; gone are the days of petty pin-pricking regulations that wasted manhours and energy.

The staff say that there is “no change at all,” and that the newspaper had nothing to do with it if there is. Mr. Grahamslaw’s visit was a “routine annual visit.”

However, as this is Mr. Grahamlaw’s first visit to Rabaul as Chief Collector, and as the last visit of his predecessor was in 1952, the chronological error is, to quote the late Damon Runyon, “more than somewhat.”

J The Rev. R. P. Garrity, of the Melanesian Mission, Honiara, BSIP. has been appointed in London as Deputationist Secretary to the Mission. Mr. Garrity expects to leave Honiara in October to visit NZ, after which, with Mr. Garrity and their son Robert, he will go to London to take up his new appointment early in 1956. t A US Navy PBMSA Martin patrol bomber with a crew of nine and ten passengers called at Tarawa on June 4, departing the following day for the Marshall Is. No reason for the visit was made public. t A group of Franciscan Capuchin friars was expected in New Guinea in July or August to open the first New Guinea mission station for that Order in the Mendi-Tari area. The friars were coming from the Pennsylvania, USA, province of the Order. !f Mrs. Doris Booth, of Bulolo, New Guinea, said during a business visit to Brisbane in July that New Guinea goldmining was gradually declining, mainly because of high production costs. 59 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

* I opened my cheque account with £5 deposit"

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Your nearest A.N.Z. Bank Manager would be glad to show you how easy it is to open a personal cheque account.

ANZ W A.N.Z. BANK

Australia And New Zealand Bank Limited

Over 800 Branches and Agencies throughout Australia and New Zealand, in Fiji, Papua and New Guinea, and in London.

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Allen Taylor & Co. Ltd.

COMMERCIAL ROAD, ROZELLE, SYDNEY.

Sawmillers and Wholesale Suppliers of Hardwoods for Constructional Purposes GIRDERS . . . PILES . . . POLES . . . SLEEPERS, Etc.

Exporting to the Pacific Islands Since 1893.

Are Your Reference Books Up To Date?

\en* and revised editions are noir af these useful anil trell-hnatvn available books the SHORTER OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY.—Now in one volume, size 11 in. x 8 in., completely revised and just reissued. £7/11/3 (freight extra).

PEARS CYCLOPEDIA.—A well-planned reference book ideal for home, school or office. The subjects dealt with range from the care of pets to geography and prominent people of the world. 23/3 (post 1/5).

THE OFFICIAL RULES OF CARD GAMES.—lmprove your skill at card games with this useful little book. In addition to instructions for Play, there are articles on how to give a card party and a list of the technical terms used in card playing. 3/- (post 7d).

THE CONCISE OXFORD DICTIONARY.—A reference book of convenient size, revised and reset. 22/6 (post 2/5).

BARTHOLOMEW'S CITIZEN'S ATLAS OF THE WORLD—lncorporates recent changes in national boundaries. All maps are mounted on guards and strongly bound between bevelled boards. Size, in. x 10 in. Bound in buckram. £9/1/6 (freight extra).

CONCISE OXFORD ATLAS.—Containing new maps, many of which have been coloured to relate countries in contemporary political alignment.

It contains also a gazeteer of the world. 34/9 (post 1/7).

Write for these, and for all the books you want to . . .

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CASTLEBEA6H ST. SYDNEY. - , ELIZABETH ST. MELBOURNE, C.l, Kon-Tiki Debate Moves To Easter Island OUT of the bound-to-happen department comes an Oslo report, dated July 15, that Thor (Kon- Tiki Raft) Heyerdahl is planning an expedition to Easter Island.

I His wife and archaeologists will go with him, plus a doctor who, according to the report, will “make blood tests of the natives.”

The report naively adds: “Huge stone statues at Easter Island have mystified visitors. Some believe them to be the key to a lost civilisation.” \ Mr. Heyerdahl told an Oslo press conference that the expedition would be financed with the profits of the Kon-Tiki film and books. | It was not reported whether the objective at Easter Island will be to find something that may support the theory of a South American origin for the Polynesian people, but the implication seems to be there.

WITH regard to the blood tests, it may be pointed out that Ausi tralian experts have already clashed briskly with those who maintain that the Polynesian races are descended from South American voyagers who crossed the Pacific by raft or canoe.

“All the evidence of blood grouping suggests that this is not so,” said Dr. R. J. Walsh, of the Sydney Red Cross Transfusion Service, in a newspaper interview earlier this year.

Dr. Walsh pointed out that blood characteristics have “grouped” many races, and that research has supported many anthropological theories—but not the theory that has been pegged to the Kon-Tiki voyage.

The only people who cannot be grouped with one or other of the few “blood relatives” categories are the Australian Aborigines.

As far as is known, no acknowledged authority on Polynesian history and culture has ruled out the possibility, or even probability, of contact with the South American mainland in the course of history But that is not to confirm all the claims that have cropped up since the Kon-Tiki feat.

MEANWHILE the system of radiocarbon dating continues to produce interesting results Dr. Alex Spoehr, of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, has said that material found at an ancient Polynesian-type settlement in Saipan has given a radio-carbon dating of 1375 BC, with a margin of error of 200 years either way This indicates that Polynesian colonists wherever they came from, were in the western Pacific at least 3,000 years ago. t BSIP registration of aliens came into force on July 15, and all persons aged 16 or over who are not British subjects, British-protected persons or citizens of the Republic of Ireland were required to apply for registration within 28 days Heavy penalties are provided for offences against the Regulation 61 AC I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

MILLERS LTD. ■■■■■■ SUVA and LAUTOKA, FIJI.

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HEADACHES IRRITABILITY

Heat Enervation

NERVINESS RHEUMATISM COLDS and FLU llichiAa* (JxvtUud Valuable New Copra Treatise Issued By SP Commission THE South Pacific Commission has just published a valuable Technical Paper (No. 82) entitled The Manufacture of Copra in the Pacific Islands, compiled and written by Mr. W. V. D. Pieris, MA, Dip.

Agric. (Cantab.). B.Sc. (Lond.), FLS.

This is a publication (price 6/- Stg.) which should be in the hands of every person associated with the copra industry, from the oldest planter in the game to the youngest plantation overseer, and from the mate of the local copra schooner to the ultimate purchaser.

There is something here for everyone. , , .

December, 1957, will bring the end of the present copra marketing system and it is fairly evident that Pacific producers and shippers will have to “pull their socks up.” The days of a more or less standard price for almost anything that can be called copra will presumably be over, and payment is likely to be on a footing which will restore incentive to the production of highgrade copra.

Now is the time for producers to consider ways of improving quality, and in this comprehensive booklet Mr. Pieris gives a wealth of information on how this can be done, including constructional data on a variety of driers.

Next month a PIM article will discuss Paper No. 82 in more detail. t Since June 17, Tarawa Broadcasting station VTW on 844 kc/s, has changed its broadcasting times from 0730 GMT on Saturdays to the same time on Friday evenings.

Mamara Plantations

Mamara Plantations, Ltd., Brfc

bane, operating 3,867 acres of frea hold in Guadalcanal, BSIP, stat in its 44th annual report that net incom plus the 1954 carry-forward, was £3,l® February interim dividend of 5 per cei on the 5 ner cent, cumulative preferenr; shares accounted for £1,250, and tl directors recommend a similar divider in June, leaving £609 to be carried fo ward.

The report states that the net incoE was the highest since 1937. 62 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH 1

Inquiries Are Invited

Concerning the Distribution and Sale of All Types of Merchandise in the Pacific Islands ★

We Are Australian Agents For—

MILLERS LTD., Fiji. 8.5.1. P. GOVERNMENT TRADE SCHEME, Honiara.

G. tr E.I.C. WHOLESALE SOCIETY, Tarawa.

MAX HALECK, Pago Pago, American Samoa.

Original Invoices Supplied. Quotations on Request. ★

Morris Hedstrom Limited

(Incorporated in Fiji)

Island Merchants

Asbestos House, 65 York St., Sydney.

Box No. 2512, G.P.0., Sydney. Cable Address: "MORSTROM,” Sydney.

BANKERS: BANK OF NEW ZEALAND. SYDNEY.

New Building for Adi Cakobau School

Training Fijian Girls

Adi Cakobau School is Expanding Prom Our Own Correspondent COMMEMORATING a beautiful and gracious lady of the Fijian nobility, Adi Cakobau School for Fijian girls has, in the postwar years, become a fitting counterpart to the long-established Queen Victoria School for boys.

Today the school, in a picturesque setting at Sawani, 12 miles from Suva, is educating Fijian girls to take their rightful place in the development of the Fijian race.

On July 13, Adi Cakobau’s distinguished son, Colonel Ratu Edward Cakobau laid the foundation stone of the school’s new tuition block.

He recalled that for 25 years after the signing of the Deed of Cession in 1874 there were no schools for Fijian girls. From 1900 to 1932 there were mission schools for girls but no Government schools.

It was 64 years after Cession that Adi Cakobau School was established.

“It was a monstrous loss to us,” said Ratu Edward. “It will be many years before Fijian womenfolk recover from the setback imposed in the years where there was no counterpart for girls of Queen Victoria School.”

The new tuition block, designed on the most modern lines (April PIM. page 140), will enable the school roll to be increased from 120 to at least 180.

Adi Cakobau School, much of whose present high status is due to the devoted work of the Principal— Miss F. Charlton, a New Zealander—started with three classes n an intermediate school.

Gradually, secondary classes were added, and it is intended that ultimately it will become an entirely secondary school.

The school’s attractive array of alertly intelligent girls, and its record of achievement in academic and domestic subjects, are proof of its growing influence in Fijian life.

On a golden afternoon in December, 1953, the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh visited the school—one of the most idyllic interludes of the Royal visit to Fiji.

H Mr. A. M. L. Benjamin, Assistant Government Storekeeper, Fiji, has left on a year’s vacation leave before retirement.

Fiji Women's Hockey Team Back TSUI’S women s hockey team arrived at Suva from New Zealand on July 11 after a highly successful Dominion tour.

The team played 34 matches of which 18 were won. three were lost and three were drawn.

Players commented that the warmth of the NZ welcome more than compensated for the chill of the southern winter. f[ Two high chiefs of New Caledonia went to Paris for the Bastille Day celebrations on July 14 as guests of the French Government. Last year quite a large party, including Europeans, was invited.

Ratu Edward Cakobau lays the foundation stone of the new tuition block at Adi Cakobau School, near Suva. —Fiji Public Relations Office Photo. 63 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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sSKSfr OR HO c* EST. 1851 Sole*® B £ cJloyallj Ifj/ Seppelts —the sherry people of Australia —are famous for their Extra Dry Solero.

Seppelts Wines are available from all retail stores throughout the Pacific Islands.

Wholesale supplies through B. Seppelt & Sons Ltd., Box 163, G.P.0., Sydney. pi AUGUST, 105 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH

FOR SALE

Simplex Generating Sets

300 Watt 12V. or 32V. Air Cooled .. £75 1.000 Watt 32V. Air Cooled £165 1.000 Watt 32V. Water Cooled .. £175 1,500 Watt 32V. Water Cooled £225

Simplex Centrifugal Governors

For Engine speed control £8 10 0

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New Caledonia’S Query

JAVANESE LEAVE,

Tonkinese Stay

(From Our Own Correspondent) ABOUT 1,500 Javanese are left in New Caledonia after the July repatriation of 590, which marked the winding-up of the Cover n m e n t-financed repatriation •system.

Any Javanese who wish to go back to Indonesia in the future will have to do so at their own expense, hut it is improbable that any will want to go.

A good many of the 1,500 were born in New Caledonia and believe —apparently with good reason— that they are better off here than in their ancestral homeland.

New Caledonia’s total population is 65,463.

It is safe to say that people of other races in New Caledonia genuinely regret that so many of the Javanese have gone.

They (the Javanese) get on well with the indigenous people and with the Europeans. They are likeable people, with the capacity to make the best of things. They are not constantly looking for grievances and imaginary slights. They are generous and possess a sense of humour, and they are conscientious workers.

Unfortunately, the same thing cannot be said of the Indo-Chinese.

In many respects the Tonkinese is the opposite of the Javanese.

Although it would be unfair to generalise too broadly, experience leads to the conclusion that the average Tonkinese is grasping and hypocritical, with a smile that masks a contempt for almost everything and everybody not of his own race.

He has been called something of a parasite. Whether or not that description is justified, it is an indisputable fact that he spends not a centime more than is necessary to sustain life and is perpetually seeking to make a profit out of something—or somebody.

No Indo-Chinese went home in the July repatriation ship.

After much hesitation, about 300 had applied for repatriation to Northern Vietnam, after the Noumea authorities had promised that the ship would carry them to Haiphong, but then, almost at the last moment, the project was torpedoed by the Northern Vietnam Communists.

ON January 1, 1955, Government population figures gave the Indo-Chinese total as 4,242. In 1954, there were 119 Indo-Chinese 65 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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and sell only those lines for which we have the sole agency in the South Pacific, such as:

Flour/Sharps/Wheatmeal

CANNED FISH (Dutch, Sth. African) WALLACE’S SCOTCH WHISKY (Bottled in Scotland)

Lexington Cigarettes

Ceylon Tea

Danish Meats

ESSENCES

Essential Oils

CHEMICALS

Structural Steel

Castiron Pipes

Asbestos Cement Pipes

WIRENETTING

Fencing Wire

Galvanised Corrugated Iron

Corrugated Aluminum Sheets

ETC., ETC. ★ Your enquiries, preferably through your Buying Agents in Australia . about general merchandise . building materials, technical and semi-technical articles will have our most careful and prompt attention. births and only 22 deaths, although 178 persons left for Indo-China, paying their own fares.

Of the 4,242 no fewer than 2,320 were children.

The Indo-Chinese rate of increase is, to put it mildly, disturbing.

The indications are that in another decade or so New Caledonia may be confronted with a fast-growing Asiatic problem comparable, though on a smaller scale, with problems created in some other South Pacific territories.

Samoan Medical Men Also Have Complaints From Our Own Correspondent SAMOAN Medical Practitioners —about 40 of them—presented a list of complaints to the NZ Territories Minister (Mr. T. L.

Macdonald) during his July visit to Western Samoa.

The complainants asked for “recognition of their status and professional training” and higher salary grading. They alleged that an unsympathetic attitude towards them prevailed in official medical circles at Apia.

Copies of the letter containing the grievances have gone to the United Nations, to the High Commissioner for Westen Samoa, to the Public Service Commissioner and to the Hon. Fautua.

The letter indicated that if no satisfactory solution of the grievances were offered, the SMP’s were determined to resign en bloc. t The principal of the Australian Public Services Institute (Mr. D.

I. Glastonbury* and two staff lecturers have been touring New’

Guinea centres to make contat, with Administration officers wh are studying courses arranged b the Institute. Mr. Glastonbury an the tutorial staff will make sever:’ tours duing the year to help office; doing courses in matriculation an university subjects, or studying fo Second Division and Patrol Officen examinations. 66 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLI

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P.O. BOX 299, SUVA, FIJI Opportunity for Writers In the Islands 1 NVITING Island authors to submit suitable manuscripts for publication, the South Pacific Commission’s Literature Bureau at Cremorne, Sydney, is co-operating with publishers in the production of books in four new series.

The groups are the “Coral,” devoted to Island legends, folklore and fiction; the “Bonito,” for factualhistorical material: the “Pacific Heritage,” for biographical works; and a technical series aimed at introducing or teaching new crafts. | Commenting on the move, the Commission’s Executive Officer for Social Development (Mr. H. E.

Maude) said: “I am certain that there are many authors in the Islands who have written, or are capable of writing, work which would be well worth publishing.”

THE first manuscript to reach the South Pacific Bureau was Anare K. Raiwalui’s book of Fijian idioms, Na i Vosavosa e So, which was promptly pounced on by the Oxford University Press and subsequently received the Australian Book Publishers’ Association award as one of the four best-produced textbooks of 1954.

The Literature Bureau is offering prizes to any territory holding a competition for the best manuscripts.

Papua-New Guinea held a successful competition last year; Nauru has one under way, and Fiji will hold one next year.

The Nou m e a-based French section will initiate its own series.

Books will be published on a royalty basis, and if necessary can be translated from vernacular languages.

Two books already out in the ‘Bonito” series are The Hiri, by the late Camilla Wedgwood, and Across New Guinea, by Ivan Champion.

Both were published by Longmans Green.

Tf Mr. W. J. Drysdale, Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Fiji, left on July 3 for vacation leave in England. Mr. A. S. Philbrick is acting as Commissioner.

Visitors to Tahiti Recent visitors to Tahiti included Mrs. W.

Watson and her daughters, Jean and Elizabebth, of Rarotonga. They are seen here (upper) with famous Honolulu band-leader Harry Owens and his son, at Papeete air terminal. The Watson family was starting a world holiday tour.

Lower : Famous French film star singer Jean Sablon, with Harry Owens. 67 I CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Telling the World About New Guinea Wanted : Fewer Official Handouts, and More Background Facts By STUART INDER, Recently ABC Regional Journalist in Port Moresby If expansion plans now being considered by some Australian newspaper groups are adopted, Papua-New Guinea might have some of its problems and its faults correctly interpreted to the world.

SWIFT development of the Territory in the last two or three years has not gone unnoticed on the mainland, and at least two news groups are considering opening their own news offices at Port Moresby.

One group sees the move as an r obvious and necessary expansion -through the awakening of public interest in the Pacific generally.

As part of this expansion it also hopes to establish its own office in Singapore, to supplement agency reports.

The latest moves should be read in conjunction with others that have been going on inside P-NG for some time: Attempts to start a newspaper in Rabaul (in competition with the Port Moresby South Pacific Post ), and requests for radio station licences within the Territory.

Main Administration objection to commercial stations (which would compete with the ABC’s 9PA) are that they might broadcast material not suitable for native listeners.

But if one should be established, it would help to publicise P-NG overseas through recorded ; riter views neither which 9PA produces to any extent malnly beCaUSe 0f staff shortages ' . At Present the ABC is the only bl & news-gathering organisation which keeps a permanent news man in the Territory. He produces the P-NG bulletins over 9PA, as well as supplying the P-NG news for the ABC’s national bulletins, broadcast from Sydney. The South Pacific Post, the only other news organisation within the Territory, employs two journalists. These men supply news to Australian newspapers who want it, but their work is purely on a contributing basis.

The AAP agency also has one or two correspondents, untrained working as contributors in the main Territory towns.

The result of this set-up is that the ABC is the only organisation at present capable of providing a 69 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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The important interpretive feature article is hardly ever attempted by anyone, except on the infrequent occasions when a writer from the mainland is sent on the grand tour, after which his paper breaks out in a sudden P-NG rash which stops as suddenly as it begins, about five articles later.

But despite criticism of the newspapers’ emphasis on the colourful and sensational side of P-NG, some important sections of the Press would genuinely like to obtain an improved news coverage.

Their real need in P-NG, as they already suspect, is not so much hard news, but articles which interpret P-NG developments to Australian readers. There is hardly an event there these days which cannot best be reported through a background article.

With the advent of a wider coverage such as this, with trained journalists permanently stationed in the Territory, the Administration would receive a few shocks.

I BELIEVE that the Administration does a fair job, notwithstanding the opinions of some who seem to have lived in the Territory too long, and ought to live out of it for a spell, to see some of the antics of public servants elsewhere.

Because of long experience ki their particular sphere, which is P-NG, the Territory’s senior public servants generally a»re hard-working and conscientious, with only one or two unhappy exceptions. But due to the present inadequate news set-up in the Territory, the Administration is getting away with more than it should.

Its achievements do not remain buried, and rightly, but some unnecessary mistakes and laziness do.

There was a time, after the wan when P-NG people heard only wha; the Administration told them, fon there were no other news outlets With the arrival of the ABC, ano later the South Pacific Post, thu AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

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L 0 W E ST Administration found itself occasionally on the embarrassing end of news stories it would not have released itself.

In 1953 it set up its own Public Relations office so that it could get wider publicity for its achievements, which it undoubtedly has, and in 1954 the Administrator, Brigadier Cleland, introduced weekly Press conferences to establish closer relations.

The public as well as the Administrator, who, as a politician of some renown, has been able to make good use of them, has benefited by the Press conferences.

The PRO does a competent job in its allotted sphere, but the handicap is that the sphere has been allotted by the Administration, which naturally has an axe to grind.

You will not find any official P-NG press releases which show the Administration in any light but the softest. This is all right on most occasions, because you do not expect anything else. But sometimes the Administration finds itself able to monopolise a good news story, especially when it originates from an area, such as a patrol post, which is completely staffed by its own officers.

The Administration may claim that these reports are objective.

The facts they release might be— it is those they withhold that make the difference. And the news gatherer is handicapped, of course, through having no other source to turn to.

If he gets the information anyway, there is an Administration witch-hunt designed to intimidate the officer responsble for having given it. In the end the public must lose, through not being informed of everything it is entitled to know.

There are one or two senior officers who would like to see no information go out to the public at all, unless through the PRO, after careful vetting. r[ERE is something wrong, then, with the P-NG Public Relations organisation, as it is operated at present.

That is not the fault of the Public Relations officer, who is the entire staff.

The Administration needs to overhaul its views on the functions of a Public Relations office, and do away with the present system of Using the PRO as a roneo machine, making it virtually impossible for anyone to obtain any verbal information: It has all got to be released on paper, bureaucrat style.

The new approach must begin at the top. The Administration could waste less time on searching for leaks”, which usually are little more than routine pieces of New Rabaul Wharf BP's white-and-black motor vessel "Bulolo" had the honour of being the first overseas ship to tie up at Rabaul's new wharf when she berthed on July 8. Half the 40 ft. wharf has been completed and the work is continuing. —Photo by C. H. Meen. 71 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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Sydney, NSW, Australia information handed out by officers unlucky enough not to be suffering from a Press phobia, and institute more public relations.

Brigadier Cleland is a busy man, but no busier than many top executives of commercial undertakings who have found it pays to install a strong and active public relations organisation, giving the PRO a blank cheque on publicity, with occasional personal conferences for policy discussion and major releases.

A Public Relations organisation costs money, but it is time that the Government stopped trying to get its publicity on the cheap.

AND where is the world publicity?

The Minister for Territories, Mr. Hasluck, wonders how to get P-NG wider publicity overseas.

He is critical of newspaper writers who make the grand tour, because he says they can’t be bothered walking a hundred yards across the road to the District Office to check their facts.

If he could realise it he has got the makings of a stupendous setup in P-NG, and a world market just waiting to print everything he can give them.

At present several hundred copies of each F-NG Press Release are distributed. But nearly all of them go to members of Town and District Advisory Councils, District Offices and private firms inside New Guinea! Actually these are small fry who can wait until the tall poppies are gathered in, and the tall poppies are stacked in that world market where P-NG is still a colourful land of mystery and imagination, crying out for interpretation.

Yet there is not an official features writer or photographer in the whole of P-NG.

There is not a Trusteeship Council meeting held when some ass, with a little dangerous knowledge does not get up and flay Australian achievements in New Guinea.

And we all wait for a day or two until our man gets up and offers a detailed denial which gets about half as much publicity as the attack, because it is not nearly so interesting.

Why do we wait for these inevitable attacks? There are facts about New Guinea to refute them before they start—colourful, interesting facts backed with drawings and maps and personalities—all filed away where nobody ever uses them.

The progress of our penetration into NG alone is a serial story of exceptional interest which would be fought over by every big magazine in the world if it were released in the right form every six to 12 months. There are plenty of angles for everybody.

Look what happens every time the Press discovers a “lost valley.”

The world goes mad, with radiophone calls to Port Moresby from London and the Continent. Put in a live team of feature writers and they’ll unearth the lost valleys, the difference being that they will point the moral and not the merely sensational while they are doing it.

What the Administration, or the Commonwealth Government, will have to decide is whether to enlarge and reorganise its Public Relations office now, and reap the benefits and the support brought by a good world “Press”, or await the pressure which will start with the increase 73 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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in the news gathering force in the Territory, now being planned.

When the Australian newspapers are in a position to have their own staff men working in P-NG, prodding at the weak spots as a matter of routine, then many almost-competent public servants are going to discover that “almost” can be an embarrassingly large measure when it is under a publicity spotlight.

But it might be good for their souls—and for the Territory.

He pointed out that a coffee or cocoa grower needed at least £15,000 capital, and that as interest in agriculture spread among the native people, European growers would be faced with mounting competition for labour.

Native agriculture was making good progress and there was increasing interest in co-operative effort, including co-operative processing of cocoa and coffee, and, in some cases, co-operative ownership of agricultural machinery.

Difficulties In P-Ng

For European Settlers

Although the pa p u a-New Guinea agricultural development programme was encouraging production of such crops as cocoa and coffee, European settlement faces considerable difficulty because development is expensive, said the Under-Secretary of the Queensland Agriculture Department (Mr. A. F.

Bell) at Brisbane in June.

Mr. Bell had returned from a fortnight’s tour in the Territory with members of the Australian Standing Committee on Agriculture, of which he is chairman. 74 AUGUST. 19 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHI

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Fiji's Imports at Record Peak IN the first quarter of 1955, Fiji’s external trade totalled £5,880,078 —28.2 pc more than in the first quarter of 1954.

The unfavourable balance totalled £1,888,722, compared with £538,066.

Heavy buying by importers and an overflow from Britain caused by the 1954 shipping strike in the UK pushed the quarter’s imports up to £3,884,000 —the highest peak yet reached in the Colony’s trade history.

The total was £1,321,872 more than in the first quarter of 1954.

Exports at £1,731,177 were down by £28,784.

Trade with the UK increased by 92.6 pc over the total for the first three months of 1954.

The main imports showing substantial increases were spirits, t®bacco, machinery, motor vehicles and cement, and there were significant increases in exports of copra and coconut oil.

Larger imports of flour and sharps were responsible for an increase of 19.2 pc in trade with Australia.

Trade with New Zealand declined because there were no exports of raw sugar to the Dominion in the quarter.

Imports (mainly clothing) from Hongkong totalled £134,205, compared with £44,115 in 1954.

Two Dry Seasons Cut

Fiji'S Exports

FIJI’S drop in agricultural exports in 1954 was due mainly to the effects of two consecutive dry years, states the annual report of the Agriculture Department, reviewing the department’s 50th year of operations.

Increased planting of sugarcane and bananas was insufficient to offset the influence of the dry weather, the report continues. (In 1954, the Colony’s domestic exports totalled £1,731,177 — £27,837 below the 1953 figure).

The agriculture report states that good progress has been made towards the establishment of a cocoa industry in Fiji. In 1954, two cocoa nurseries were established in addition 19 J the original nursery at the Naduruloulou Station. Approximately 100 acres of cacao have been planted with material from the nurseries. Two more nurseries are planned.

Many farm operations in Fiji are being mechanised, and there are now nearly 700 tractors in agricultural use— a surprising number ioi a relatively small territory.

New Church at Suva The new Seventh Day Adventist Church at Suva was dedicated on June 12 by Pastor L. C.

Naden, secretary of the Australasian SDA Inter- Union Conference. The large congregation included the Mayor of Suva (Mr. A. D. Leys) and the Mayoress. —Photo by Caines. 75 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Alterations, some temporary and some permanent, will be made to the college buildings before the conference.

New Caledonia Trochus

Beds In Danger

PERTURBED over a possible disastrous depletion of New Caledonia’s trochus beds, members of the Conseil-General at Noumea want a law forbidding the use of any kind of diving apparatus.

Other French Pacific territories already have such a law.

An important aspect of the question is that many natives are dependent on trochus fishing for a livelihood. Even if the danger of depleting the beds did not exist, these fishermen could not afford to buy apparatus.

Others who are now using breathing apparatus have been lured by the current high price of trochus— -52,000 francs a ton. (Noumea Correspondent.) Honiara citizens, BSIP, may now, like civilised folk elsewhere, go to the movies.

This theatre-one of Kenneth Dalrymple Hay's enterprises—was opened in the town some months ago. 78 1Q _, pacific islands monthl AUGUST, 1955

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Islanders Moving To Noumea Prom Our Noumea Correspondent NEW CALEDONIA is like a magnet to people of the Wallis Islands (French) although their group is nearer to Fiji and Samoa than to New Caledonia.

In 1954, 243 Wallis people went to New Caledonia, where they find life more attractive than at home.

There is also a considerable movement of young people from Tahiti to Noumea—a fact which seriously disturbs those who see it as giving still more opportunities to the Chinese in Tahiti.

On the other hand, of the 254 Italian workers who were in New Caledonia in 1953, only about 70 are left. Most of the others have returned to Italy and some have gone to Australia.

The Tonkinese are likely to provide a major problem in the future.

Only about 50 have applied for repatriation in the ship Skaubryn in January, although failure to apply means loss of the right of free repatriation.

As these people, like most Asiatics, multiply at a fantastic rate by the standards of other races, and as so many of them, unfortunately, form an undesirable element in the community, it seems that the problem will become progressively worse.

New Caledonia’s present total population is estimated at 64,500.

MYSTERY OF £600,000

In Nc Imports

Prom Our Noumea Correspondent GOODS worth nearly £A600,000 have been imported into New Caledonia by means of foreign money that has not been issued by the local Exchange Office.

This astonishing disclosure is made in the latest report of the Government Economic Bureau.

It is generally assumed that most of the nupney came from the New Hebrides in the form of cheques.

A common practice is to order the goods and then, when they arrive at the Customs, to place a jait accompli before the exchange authorities and ask for an import licence.

Tonkinese are partial to this system, which may explain the flood of shoddy Asiatic goods in Tonkinese shops.

It has now been announced that u an import licence is not obtained before goods are ordered, the importer will be liable to penalties and permission to land the goods will be refused. mysterious £600,000 has done nothing to improve New Caledonia’s’ trade balance. 79 pacific islands monthly august. 1955

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AUGUST, 19 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH!'

Magazine Section

tropicalites

Dawn—I9Ss Style

AS the Shaw Savill Company’s revolutionary new Southern Cross speeds her way across the | Pacific in the wake of the ancient Polynesian voyagers, passengers do not awaken to the blaze of a breathj taking tropical dawn. No; dawn in the Atomic Age is different.

Somewhere in the depths of the big liner a man sets a dial during the still watches of the night, and at a selected time —maybe a little I later than the natural event—a fluorescent dawn very slowly breaks in every passenger cabin.

Gone is the sudden, unnerving blaze of light as the steward arrives I with the morning cup. The modern voyager wakes gently, with the 1955 electronic dawn. The steward will ( arrive soon afterwards.

Too Many Wheely-Wheels

SPEAKING at the Rabaul Town Advisory Council recently, Police Superintendent A. Rackemann said that, when streets were planned, consideration should be given to the construction of a “bicycle lane.”

He said that everyone now uses a : “wheely-wheel,” and this, in conl junction with the increasing motor traffic, created a problem which should be dealt with. “You will find that quite a high percentage of the road accidents are by collisions with bicycles,” said the superintendent.

Cause And Effect

American tourists at Bali, according to a New York report, are “a little upset about the influence of civilisation on the Balinese beauties.”

“Civilisation,” it is implied, is represented mainly by Hollywood films, but it is also claimed that “modern outside influences have led about half the Balinese women to cover themselves from the waist up.” . Whatever doubts may attach to this interpretation of “civilisation,” it may be assumed that Bali to-day is an admirable example of causeand-effect. \ Somewhere about 1930 enterprising Americans discovered that in the ; Netherlands East Indies there was an exotic island where comely females still saw nothing obscene, or even indelicate, in their limited traditional costume. Then Hollywood and Tin Pan Alley got busy.

Poor little Bali was subjected to all the vulgarity of high-pressure, bigbusiness publicity, and the innate dignity of Balinese women was affronted by the gawking of sniggering aliens.

The ensuing calamity of clothesconsciousness was only to be expected.

Incidentally, in 1945, a PIM contributor wrote: “The well-bred traveller is, to be sure, a welcome visitor in any country. It is the common ‘tripping’ tourist who causes all the trouble. Tahiti has suffered from the latter type to saturation; so have Java and Bali. . .”

Meanwhile a Honolulu newspaper states that Fiji is now finding that the trouble with American tourists is that they want a dollar’s worth for their dollar. Fiji, says the report, is learning that “the only American millionaires who throw money about are those who were 194? 4! ” With tho armed foi ’ces,

Moetolo May Involve

COMPLICATIONS A March PIM report and comment about an Ellice Islands regulation dealing with moetolo has caused amusement in Samoa, where the custom is also prevalent, writes Jack Thornton, from Apia.

Quoting the regulation, we described moetolo as “sleep-weeping” when, according to the correspondent, the correct translation is “sleep-creeping.”

“It is the commonest form of courtship in the Polynesian islands— even the anthropologists know and have written about it,” says Thornton. “It is also used for prestige purposes and to bring inter-family feuds to a head.

“It accounts for village regulations that hurricane lamps shall be kept alight all night when kerosene is available.

“It will be sad for courting Alsatian for Jungle Work and Monkey as Pet D-for-Dog Company of the Fijian Battalion in Malaya includes the special Alsatjan tracker shown in the picture on the left. Each of the four companies of the Ist Battalion, Fiji Infantry Regiment, possesses a prized Alsatian, and the quick-witted, devoted dogs have many times proved their value in tracking jungle-terrorists. The picture on right shows a Fijian soldier with a pet monkey. The Fijians are adept at luring the little grey animals out of the jungle and taming them. 81 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

couples if regular and adequate supplies of kerosene ever become available in the atolls.

“Moetolo —the term is general in south-west Polynesia—is the widespread custom whereby a girl invites a boy to creep into her fate when everyone else is asleep. Girls being girls, this can be a risky proposition, and I have known of a boy who had his arm broken in a fight with his girl’s brother.

“If a girl wishes to proclaim her virtue abroad, or force a lover into quick marriage, or have an aboutto-be-discarded boy friend bashed up by her relatives, she has merely to scream when the appointment is kept, and conventional reaction does what is expected.

“A District Officer in the Ellice Islands, in an attempt to cut down the number of court cases resulting from arguments arising from moetolo, once showed Ellice Islanders how to partition their fates so that moetolo would be well-nigh 'impossible. The villagers expressed their approval of the innovation — but not one of their fates was ever partitioned. . , “Moetolo is a custom which neither the missions nor officialdom have succeeded in stamping out. Polynesian Islanders want it to continue, and they are experts at passive resistance.”

Little Enthusiasm For

Reunited Samoa

TALK about the possible reunification of Western and Eastern Samoa creates little enthusiasm in any part of Samoa, writes an Apia correspondent.

Western Samoan loyalty goes to the British Throne and the Empire link, and Eastern Samoan loyalty goes to the United States, the writer continues.

There is no evidence of a strong desire, sentimental or otherwise, for reunification. _ And, although the Eastern Samoans enjoy certain benefits under the American flag, it would be safe to say that Western Samoa is well aware that Eastern Samoa would be something of an economic burden in the event of arbitrary reunification.

Ingenuity In Biblical

DRAMAS A FEATURE of life in Rarotonga.

Cook Islands, is the Nuku, or Biblical Play.

Nukus take place annually, (me year taking the form of singing and recitations, and the next, the form of dramatic plays based on Old Testament stories.

They are enacted by adult members of the London Missionary Society, and the natural talent of the Islanders for singing, acting, and improvisation more than balances the lack of stage props and normal theatrical procedure.

This year it was necessary to portray Greek soldiers wearing armour. No armour of any description was available, but the soldiers appeared in what seemed to be dazzling suits of freshly burnished steel. Closer inspection revealed these to be palm fronds coated with aluminium paint.

The story of The Writing on the Wall seemed to pqse insuperable problems. Early in the play a home-made sedan chair was placed near a blackboard, and left there, apparently forgotten. When the time came for the magic writing to appear a hand came out of the enclosed sedan and wrote boldly on the blackboard.

The Nuku was introduced by the Rev. Bond-James, about 1918, in. an attempt to give Rarotongan. children a quicker and clearer grasp of Biblical history than could be; obtained from mo re orthodox: methods.

The Other Side

SUVA slums received overseas; publicity at the time of the first; South Pacific Conference inj 1950. The position has not changed! much in the last five years, and! some examples might be employed! as an antidote to “Paradise of thee Pacific” illusions.

For example, an unofficial investigator studied the case of anr eight-roomed house (due for early\ demolition) which gave temporary* accommodation to 28 to 30 adults and eight children, two dogs, and several fowls tied by the legs to verandah posts. The human inhabitants were mostly Indians.

Not included in the list of tenants was the ghost. People claimed to have seen the spectre—a young woman with only half a face —roaming about, but it was puzzling to know how she could find room to move at night.

His Excellency Retires Siapo-making in Samoa SIR ROBERT STANLEY, KBE, CMG, retiring High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, was born in 1899 and educated at Westminster School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.

He was commissioned as an Artillery officer in 1918, during the First World War, and saw service with the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in the concluding phases of Lord Allenby's campaign.

After service with a mountain battery in India, Lieutenant Stanley resigned his commission in 1921 and devoted the next three years to journalism. He spent some time in the United States as a reporter for the "Brooklyn Daily Eagle” and in 1923 and 1924 was a member of Reuters' editorial staff.

In 1925 he entered the Colonial Service as a cadet in the Administrative Service of Nigeria. In 1935 he was transferred to Cyprus, where he acted for various periods as Colonial Secretary. After the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the Cyprus Volunteer Force on its formation, and was promoted to the rank of Major. He was awarded the QBE in 1942 and CMG in 1943, serving as Colonial Secretary at Barbados and Gibraltar before going back to Rhodesia as Chief Secretary in 1947.

Five years later he became High Commissioner for the Western Pacific (formerly the Governor of Fiji was also HCWC), based at Honiara in the Solomons, and also administering the Gilbert and Ellice Islands and the British part in the New Hebrides Condominium.

Sir Robert was knighted in 1954. He has, in the last three years, fulfilled his difficult and rather lonely duties with wisdom and unremitting energy. He is now spending a month in Australia with Lady Stanley and their daughter Phillada, who both shared His Excellency's many voyages throughout the Western Pacific in the uncomfortable small ships of the island services.

When the family reaches England and retirement I hope Sir Robert will make literary use of his experiences, while Lady Stanley will assuredly be busy arranging the multitude of sea shells she has collected during three busy but happy years in the Pacific. —BRETT HILDER.

Siapo in Samoa, masi in Fiji and tapa eastern Polynesia these are the tradition! names of the bark of the paper-mulberry after has been pulped with wooden mallets. T[?] beautiful craft has disappeared in Tahiti and els[?] where, but it survives in Samoa, Fiji and Tong[?] These Samoan village girls are displaying newly-finished piece of siapo. The create coloured cloth is patterned in brown and bla[?] —Photo by Jack Thorntot AUGUST. 18 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

New Britain Drama

Story That Earned Prince Bismarck’s Medal 1885 Written from Notes in the Diary of Count Goedicke van Asten, who is over 90 years old, and resides at 2 Morrison Avenue, Devonport, Auckland IN 1885, I was engaged by the German Consul in Sydney to oe an assistant to Mr. von Oertzen, Imperial German Commissioner for the Bismarck Archipelago (New Guinea). My agreement was for 3 years, at a salary of £350 per annum, plus board, lodging and laundry; and, after three years’ service, a free passage to either Samoa, Sydney, or by a German ship to Hamburg.

We left Sydney for New Britain in the German cruiser Albatross (Commander, Count von Baudisin).

Mr. von Oertzen told me that his orders were to go to New Britain and select a suitable site for a capital; but, until building material had come to hand, we would reside with the manager of the German firm, DH and PG.

We arrived at Mioko, in the Duke of York Group (between New Ireland and New Britain) on October 12, 1885, and sent our mail ashore; and then we cruised for two months round the Bismarck Archipelago.

We called at the islands of Duke of York, New Ireland, New Hanover, New Britain, Admiralty, St. Matthias, and others.

The natives of New Britain were still in the nude, and cannibals. The Europeans there were of mixed races—one Italian, one Belgian, one Dane, two French, six British, 14 Germans and seven half-Samoans (“Queen Emma’s” family).

Mr. von Oertzen selected two sites for the New Britain capital, but could not decide which to recommend. We returned to Mioko, and the Albatross left for Samoa.

FOR the next four months I sat in a small office on Mr. von Oertzen’s back verandah, doing nothing but perspire. At last I could stand it no longer. I spoke to Mr. Danzelman (manager of DH and PG) and told him I would like to leave Mr. von Oertzen and start trading. I left Mr. von Oertzen, on the friendliest terms, and went to the Tobelevo Station, and joined the DH and PG service. As I had to board myself, the firm allowed me £6 a month for food.

There was no money among the natives at that time; but, for a small piece of tobacco or a clay pipe, one could obtain a large fowl, a bunch of bananas, yams, or any other vegetable. European provisions and other articles were very cheap— there was no Customs duty. I was well supplied with tropical clothing —all a man needed in New Britain was a pair of pants and a singlet.

I picked up the language very fast.

One day I went with a native of Ralune for a stroll into the country, where I met Tobeinger, the big chief of the Gazelle Peninsula. He and some of his people were having Kai (food) and we were invited to join them. They had several baskets of baked breadfruit and a basket of small pieces of meat which I thought was Rokrok— a very large land-frog which has a rather nice taste for any epicure.

I ate a piece of breadfruit, and picked up a piece of meat to eat, when my companion said: “I thought you did not care for human flesh.”

I asked him what he meant.

He said: “What you have in your hand is human flesh.”

I replaced the meat (trying not to show my horror, by which I would have offended our host) unobserved back in the basket, and ate another piece of breadfruit.

During our conversation, Tobeinger said; “Why don’t you come to Kabaira and trade there? It is the German firm’s best station.

IT was true. Kabaira was the DH and PG’s best station. But, just prior to my arrival, two European traders had been killed there, and the firm closed the station, and sent word to the Admiralty, asking them to send a warship to punish the natives. In October, 1885, the Albatross arrived off Kabaira to punish the natives for killing the two Europeans.

On that occasion, Count von Baudisin sent for me and told me he had come to punish the natives of Kabaira, and asked me to join the expedition and show them the roads and villages.

I did this against my will The natives had been friendly to me ™ hy the traders had v, kll | ed —stealing women, and breaking other Taboos of the country. But I could not refuse Count von Baudisin.

For three days we were at war t, he natives, destroying their plantations, burning their huts, killing many of them. Several of the Albatross men were wounded and l— and I deserved it—received a poison spear in my back. When the Commanding Officer thought the natives had received enough punishment he called a retreat, and made his report.

The Albatross later received orders to proceed to Apia, Samoa. Count vcm Baudisin insisted I travel with him and leave New Britain. He said that if I stayed, the natives surely would avenge themselves and kill me. So I left New Britain and, in Samoa, I joined a German barque, for Hamburg.

From there, I went to Berlin, to visit my brother, who was serving as a Lieutenant-Surgepn in the Army in Berlin. One evening my brother took me with him to the officers’ casino, and there I met a Major von Hanssman. When the major learned that I had been in New Guinea, he asked if I could go with him next day to meet Prince Bismarck, the head of the New guinea Company and the largest partner in DH and PG. New Guinea had only recently been annexed by Germany.

I later met Prince Bismarck at the Chancellery and he bombarded me with questions about New Guinea— the climate, produce, etc., if gold had been found there, whether the natives were still cannibals. I told nun that there were still cannibals in New Britain; and as proof, I described to him the following incident.

IHAD lived for 18 months among cannibals, but they had been friendly towards me, and I had done good business with them.

Next to my trading station there was a large native house, about 60 feet long; there was no one near the house in the day-time; but, after dark, I noticed people going into it.

My native cook, Tobilau, slept in this house, and I asked him one No Picnic In Malaya Fijian troops with the British forces in Malaya have been fighting the Communist terrorists for more than three years.

Their job, as one of their officers told the Editor of PIM in June, is "anything but a picnic". The picture shows a typical camp in a rubber plantation. 83 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

day why he did this. He replied that he was not allowed to tell me; if he did, they would eat him alive, his body would burn like fire, and someone would split his belly open But, he said, he would speak to the Buli (a boss) about me.

A few days later Tomarkete, a chief, came to my station and introduced himself as the Bull of what he called “the young men’s association” —young men who had not been able to buy a woman for shellmoney, a canoe, or any other New Guinea artifact. He asked me why I didn’t join the association.

I was young, and I wanted to know all about the different customs and taboos of New Guinea; so I told him I would join.

A few days later I was inaugurated.

If I was to tell how I was inaugurated, nobody would believe me —I tremble, even to-day, when I think about it. I was warned of what would happen to me if evei I told anybody what I saw or heard in that house. The punishment was as Tobilau had said.

For two nights. I slept there with 30 natives. The first night all 30 were there. Some were stretched on the ground, others were sitting crosslegged—all were smokmg then* clay pipes, talking about fishing, and catching Rokroks. Later, they went to sleep. Next morning at sunrise all went home.

The following evening there were only 20 members present. I was told that the other ten had gone to the Bainings. The same procedure was followed as on the previous evening—smoking and talking and I was beginning to wonder why I had been warned not to tell what happened there. So far I had neither seen nor heard anything that was Vl Then, about midnight, the ten members returned. They had been on a stealing expedition, and they had stolen two women, whom they brought into the house. Indescribable things happened as soon as the women were inside. Then they were knocked on the head and killed, dragged outside, cut up like a pig, put on the fire, cooked and eaten.

One can imagine how I felt —my whole body was shaking. I wanted to leave, but was told I could not leave the house between the hours of midnight and sunrise. After hours of horror the sun appeared on the horizon, and we could leave the house. , We all left —some of the members taking with them what was left of their evening meal. I was just able to creep home and drop on my bed. My head was banging like a sledge-hammer. Had I really seen this happen or was it all part of a bad dream?

My thoughts were interrupted by my cook-boy calling “Flau” (a ship) • I sprang from my bed and there I saw my dear friend Albatross (Commander Count von Baudisin) dropping anchor. It was soon after that that Count von Baudisin sent for me (as I have described) and told me he had come to punish the natives of Kabaira for killing two traders.

All this I told in detail to the Chancellor.

Prince Bismarck called his secretary, and told him to bring the German Admiralty reports on the Albatross —New Britain, 1885.

The secretary produced the portfolio and Bismarck opened it and there found confirmation of much of the story I had just told him.

He then went to his cabinet and brought out a silver medal. He told me he awarded these medals to anyone who had given distinguished service in the Bismarck Archipelago.

He said that, according to the Admiralty report, and my own, he thought I was entitled to receive one. In later years, he said, when looking at the medal, I would recall that Prince Otto von Sekinhausen had much pleasure in awarding it to me.

Bismarck asked me if I had tasted "Berliner Weiss,” a beer especially brewed in Berlin. I had not, so he rang for two Berliner Weiss.

The servant returned with the beer, two large tumblers, two small liqueur glasses filled with Gilka, and a plate of sandwiches. And so we ate, drank and conversed —I noticed I had been there 30 minutes. He gave me a gracious farewell I knew I had met the great man who had made of Germany the great nation she was. I know that if Bismarck had been alive in 1914 there would have been no World War I —nor World War 11. (The medal given by Bismarck to young Goedicke in 1886 was given by Mr. Goedicke , 65 years later, to the editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly, and is among the latter’s ■ treasured possessions). t The annual meeting of the South.

Pacific Board of Health at Suva was presided over by the Inspector-General, South Pacific: Health Service (Dr. J. M. Cruikshank). It was attended by the NZ< Deputy Director of Health (Dr., H. B. Turbott), the Director of the: NZ Division of Nursing (Miss F. G..

Cameron) and the Deputy Director: of Medical Services, Fiji (Dr. L. G..

Poole). Discussions covered health! policy and medical development im Health Service territories, namely, Fiji, British Solomon Islands Protectorate, Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, Tonga, Western Samoa,, Cook Islands and Niue. Recommendations will be submitted to the administrations concerned.

Pim Crossquiz No. 66

Solution on Page 86.

ACROSS I—Which famous film star is married to Will Price? . , _ . 7_Who was Queen Victoria's first Prime Minister? . . 9 what is the name of the first shoot on a tree? 10— Who wrote "A Childs History of England"? 11 —Which is the first sign of the zodiac? 12. —For whom did Bob Cratchit work for 15/- a week? 14_What is the term for a covered colonnade round a market-place? 17. —Which island of the Malay Archipelago is famous for its woodcarving and metal work, and for its women, who take part in the trade and industries? 18— How are students examined who give verbal and not written answers? 20. —How much are 480 grains? 21. What is the term for a place that affords protection? 22—What type of trainer for pilots never left the ground?

DOWN 1 —who was the god of riches? 2. —Which uncomely, young, domesticated bird became a beautiful swan? , , 3. what college-produce can be found on a woman's head? 4_what was the language of ancient Scandinavia? , _. , „ ... 5. who starred in Waterloo Bridge with Vivien Leigh? 6. —Which part of the human body remind* us of the original sin?

B.—What is Irish Gaelic? 13. —which leading tragic actor of the IBtlt century is buried in Westminster Abbey? 15 _What rectangle is longer than it broad? 16.—What is a recess in a room? 19 —what is a prefix for half, besioi "Semi"? 84 AUGUST, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHIT

Off The Shipping Lanes

Penrhyn Was a Port of Call By R-01 THE engine-room telegraph had rung “Stand By” and then “Stop Engine .” The light easterly breeze caused the ship to drift slowly to leeward, whilst waiting for the local pilot to board ship and take her through the narrow entrance to the Penrhyn Lagoon.

This passage is known as the “Taruia Passage.” and is on the Western side of the atoll. The depth of water in the passage seemed barely enough to float the ship, but the absence of muddy river waters in this region gives a stranger to these parts the false impression that the reef bottom is far too close for comfort. The kea water is crystal clear and the ebbing tide through the passage seems to give movement to the coral rocks that are the worry of every skipper who visits the place.

The ato’i is somewhat off the usual shipping lane, low lying, visible from a ship’s deck in clear weather for about twelve or thirteen miles. It is known locally as “Tongareva,” and is made up of numerous small coco nut islets surrounding a beautiful lagoon, which is a delightful picture when the sun is high overhead, showing up the small coral patches in blues and greens.

Our deck passengers were full of excitement at seeing their home island so soon—the ship having made a good run up from Rarotonga, 750 miles to the south. All had been busy rolling their sleeping mats and dressing in all the finery they had purchased in Raro’ especially for the occasion—and, of .course, trying to get a glimpse of things dear to them as the ship coasted along the reef, close in near the village of Omoka.

On shore there was also great activity, due to the early arrival of the ship. A group of young boys and girls could be seen on the beach trying to keep pace with the ship, waving and shouting greetings.

From the lagoon side of the small islet that has the village of Omoka on it, it was possible to see the Resident Agent’s small auxiliary cutter steaming out to meet the ship, with the local pilot. Quite a number of people availed themselves of this opportunity to be the the first to greet their friends or relatives as the case may be.

The pilot aboard, we got under way again and stood in towards the passage. Our Captain had been here before and knew the pilot—an old sea-dog himself in his younger days, but now a “skin” diver for pearl-shell. Local rumour has it that he has reached the 20 fathoms mark in some of his diving efforts — and the envy of some of the younger fellows on the atoll. His handling of the ship and his knowledge of the reef and the numerous coral patches, down to the anchorage off the village, were remarkable The vessel was brought to anchor in about five fathoms of water, roughly a cable’s length from the rock wall that surrounds the local trading store on the lagoon side of the land. Many other islanders came out to the ship in canoes and pearling cutters—no doubt a colourful reunion. The flower garlands worn by the villagers were a very pretty picture. Eventually visitors and passengers mads their way to shore and all was peaceful on board.

Usually the smaller trading vessels plying between the North and South Cook Islands lie practically alongside this rock wall to work cargo for this port, the mooring of the vessel being quite an education.

Assisted by a couple of local divers—of w T hom there are many experfs to choose from —the vessel is brought in fairly close to two small convenient coral heads that have worn a stout chain of office for the past forty years, according to the locals. The divers go down to secure the bow and stern lines of the vessel. The last few feet between ship and shore is bridged by a gang plank. This is the commencement of chaos, as each person having cargo to ship or receive does his best to have his little lot attended to first, the poor supercargo having a busy time among the excited shippers, passengers, and visitors, all mixed up together on deck. The excitement is easy to understand, as local ships are not frequent callers at Penrhyn, and stores are quite often at vanishingpoint. pur cargo was put ashore in the ship’s work boat, a much slower way than the gang-plank method, but the decks were not so crowded.

Our second officer, an old hand in the lore of the sea, gained some little fame as a healer of the sick, mainly due to his effort aboard ship on the run up from Raro’, in full view of the deck passengers, when he attended to the odd cut or bruise amongst the sailors. No sooner had we cleared the cargo we had brought than he was ca’led a r hore to a young boy who had a fish-bone lodged in his throat. The bone was stubborn and was still there four days later when we left the lagoon.

But from stuck fish-bones his clientele grew so much that he thought it best to have a supply from the medicine locker about his person whenever he went a ho e, in case his services were needed Penrhyn is one of the two pearlshell producing islands in the Cook Group (Manihiki being the other) but diving operations were suspended during our stay and most of the cutters were hauled out on the beach. The few that were left afloat certainly carried a spread of canvas. The sails are locally made, mostly of old khaki drill. There is little danger of a capsize, as the atoll is noted for its steady winds all the year round, and the Islanders are expert sailor:.

We were, of course, beset by various owners of pearls who wished quickly to increase their wealth.

Some of the pearls produced were really show pieces and no doubt very valuable; but they still remain at Penrhyn, as their worth was valued far above the average sailor’s pocket.

After two days at Omoka, we steamed across the l agoon to anchor again off the village of Tautua, on the north-eastern side, where another pleasant two days were spent. v Pacific Air Traffic Council, which administers Nadi Airport, Fiji, and co-ordinates air traffic in the South Pacific, met in conference at Waitomo Caves, New Zealand, in July. Countries represented on the Council are Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji. t Tuberculosis is increasing in New Caledonia and in certain other South Pacific territories including, some people claim, Fiji. In 1954, Noumea Hospital admitted 258 TB patients, compared with 170 in 1950.

The TB sanatorium in the mountains near Noumea also had more patients.

"Certainly carried a soread of canvas." 85 pacific islands monthly august, 1955

Ata (Pylstaart) Was Well Known to Whalers THERE is a fascination about those isolated islands scattered across the Pacific, which, though dots on a map, and now abandoned, were at one time large enough for little communities to live out their lives.

One such is Ata, Tonga’s southernmost island —shown on older charts as Pylstaart’s Island—a fragment of whose history Mrs. Catharine E.

Cowie toldrin PIM last February.

Though Ata lies only 90 miles west-south-west of Tongatapu and is close to the shipping route from New Zealand to Nukualofa, extraordinarily little of its history is to be found in any reference book.

There is an interesting reference to this island in a book just published and reviewed in the June PIM The Whaling Journal of Captain W. B. Rhodes, 1836-1838, which is worth quoting. It clearly shows that, in its heyday, Ata was far from unknown to the whaling masters.

Here is the extract from Captain Rhodes’s log: MONDAY. December sth (1836) p.m. Steady breeze, ship standing towards the island. At 4.30 returned on board. P’Astarts Isle is in Lat. 22.23 S., Long. 175.49 W. It is very high, but of small extent, being only about 3 to 4 miles in circumference.

The landing is both difficult and dangerous even in fine weather, and can only be accomplished in the native canoes. The settlement is on a small flat on the summit of the island, and it is difficult to climb up to it, the mountain being nearly perpendicular. . . . . ~ We found the natives very friendly and obliging, and procured some pumpkins, sweet potatoes, etc., in exchange for clothing and calico.

There is 75 souls on the isle, but principally consisting of children.

They are a colony from Tongataboo and have not been more than 20 years on the isle. Cocoa-nut trees and most tropical plants are cultivated. They live entirely on fruits and vegetables, and are an interesting and industrious people.

What few young girls there are, are very good looking. They are not to be procured except by those masters who have often visited the island. Indeed there are only two that have been allowed; and they are considered as wives and kept taboo’d. , , Captain Brin was the person who first succeeded, and has to pay pretty handsomely to support his lady She is a fine girl and a daughter to the Chief. One white man has resided on the island five years and is married to a young native girl.

Tokelau Handicrafts in Keen Demand THE fine weaving done by the Tokelau people has made their mats, hats and fans much sought after; in fact, Tokelau weaving is generally regarded as the best in the Pacific.

Supplies have been irregular until recently, and tourists getting even as near to the Tokelau Group as Apia still find the handicrafts hard to obtain because of infrequent shipping and the lack of organised sale of these products.

The women’s committees in the three atolls are now producing their best for sale at Apia by Ben Pereira, himself a Tokelau man.

The comparatively rare tuluma,, or canoe boxes, are produced by the£ men from tau’anave, a beautifullygrained hardwood. These ares hollowed, box and lid, from ones solid section of the tree trunk.

The whole process is done by handi with miniature adzes: polishings with smooth coral gives the finishing touch.

These boxes were originally usedt for preserving fish-hooks or valuables.

In the event of a canoe upset,; the Tokelauan merely rights his canoe and looks for his tulumaj which he knows will be floating om the surface not far away.

The smaller tuluma have become fashionable, in Fiji especially, as women’s handbags. They are light! and easily slung from the shoulden to carry a few of the hundred and] one things women usually keep im their handbags.

Solution to Crossquiz from page 84 Come out —or else!

IN April, PIM reported that an estimated 40 Japanese soldiern were still holding out as sur-: vivors of World War II on Lubangj Island, 80 miles from Manila, ano that attempts were being made witH a loud-hailer to coax them to sur-: render.

At the end of May, when the Japic were still sitting tight, the Philip-c pines Air Force “bombed” them with 10,000 leaflets, also letters from home and books, in an effort ted prove to the men that the war ha;j= actually ended. The leaflets alsig warned that unless this last invita-jE tion is heeded action will be takem Japanese Government officials hawv aided in the operation.

Tokelau Islanders' weaving is generally regarded as the best in the Pacific region. Hats, handbags and other articles are sent to Apia for selling to travellers and others. The supply is usually far short of the demand. 86 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

This Month'S New Reading

Book Reviews by JUDY TUDOR THIS must be Learn How month.

We have had a book on how to sell your stories to editors; another on how to play golf; and a third on how to dance. All methods, on the three subjects, guaranteed completely painless.

Arthur Murray Taught Me

Dancing In A Hurry

Almost everyone has heard of Arthur Murray who, in the United States, teaches dancing—according to a pop tune of a few years ago— “in a hurry.”

Mr. Murray has opened an academy in Sydney, also. One gathers that the cost of attending same is not cheap, so an investment in the book ( How to Become a Good Dancer) , at a modest 19 6 Australian, is worthwhile.

The book contains a set of “His” and “Her” footprints which the aspiring dancers cut out, set out on the floor according to instructions contained in the book, and by walking on them become accomplished performers.

As well as the more simple instructions for beginners there are chapters on more advanced subjects—such as the samba, tango, the Sugar Foot Walk and the Triple Lindy Hop.

There is a section written by Kathryn, wife of Arthur, on Dance Secrets or Etiquette. This tells you what not to do if you would be a social success. As neither Murray has been to the Pacific Islands, where the practice is for the gentlemen to cluster around the bar while the ladies fan themselves and discuss their domestic servants, there is nothing on this particular aspect of the dance. But we are sure that the Murrays would not approve of it, anyway. (Published by Angus and Robertson, Ltd.

Australian price, 19/6.1

Getting Through To

The Editor

Mr. d’Arcy Niland is the author of Make Your Stories Sell, and as he is one of the few freelance writers in Australia who appear to be able to make a living in this way, his advice is worth listening to.

We passed this one over to a member of our advertising staff, William Lynch, who in our humble opinion (shared in the United States) is an outstanding exponent of the art of short-story writing.

Mr. Lynch, however, says that he can make a better living, with fewer ulcers, in advertising.

About Make Your Stories Sell, he says: “It is an excellent book for those who take short-story writing seriously but of no value whatever to those who write short stories merely as an experiment. If the teachings of this book were followed there would be a lot fewer writers in the business and considerably fewer harassed editors.

“This book proves that shortstory writing requires a lot of hard work and analytical thinking, two functions which seldom appeal to the would-be writer. Niland himself, while no literary genius, is a good tradesman. This book is for literary artisans and mechanics, but the gifted writer, whose work springs from inspiration and is spontaneously afire, might have little regard for it. As a handbook of short story mechanics it is one of the best I have seen.” (Published by Angus and Robertson. Ltd.

Australian price, 12/6.)

Golf With The Inn-Keeper’S

DAUGHTER A sort of combination love story and unorthodox instructor in golf, this Out of the Rough, by J. T.

Shaw.

It has already been published in US, and Collier’s Weekly reviewing it said they defied anyone to read it without making experimental swings with the nearest umbrella.

Well, it did not affect the present reviewer so. After a little dabbling, she skipped the golfing bits to see when the narrator would uncover the mystery of the Inn-keeper’s daughter. However, as a love story it is punk. As a golf improver It is probably all Collier’s say that it is.

The hero of the piece, an American, is told by the girl whom he imagines he loves, that she would not consider marrying a man whose golf score was not in the low eighties. He thereupon catches the first trans-Atlantic liner, makes a bee-line for a small village on the Fife coast of Scotland, where he engages the services of a famous professional named Sandy Macgregor.

Macgregor’s methods are unorthodox but apparently effective.

Golfers who would know more about them are advised to buy the book. (Published by Angus and Robertson, Ltd.

Australian price, 15/-.) THE WAR IN NORTH-

East Papua

One of the 120 copies of a privately printed edition of Letters from the Papuan Bush, 1942-46, by the late Archdeacon S. R. M. Gill, has been received.

The Archdeacon was a member of the Anglican Mission, and stationed at Duvira Mission in North-Eastern Papua, when the Japanese invasion caught up with him about mid-1942, and the letters cover roughly the following year—a period of intense interest to students of the war in that particular part of Papua about which little has been recorded.

Most of the Archdeacon’s letters were one-way letters— that is he wrote them (to his Bishop mostly and some to Father James Benson who also had many adventures during the period, was at one time believed killed and finally turned up in a POW camp in Rabaul), then entrusted them to some runner to find their way as best they could to the addressees on the right side of the AlLed lines. There was little hope of a quick reply to any of them; indeed, of any reply at all very often.

When his mission was bombed first, on July 30, 1942, the mission boys tearfully asked to be allowed to go home. Permission was given; and at the same time Gill arranged for the native teachers’ families to camp in the bush. Over the next seven months, all of them took to the bush at various times according to the amount of attention they were receiving from the Japanese.

But their greatest physical danger came from the Allied pilots who evidently believing that the station sheltered the enemy, gave it the full treatment.

Gill’s one and dominating thought had been not to desert his people —yet he reports in a letter on September 23 that he and his small party at Duvira were the sole remaining population—the people had simply deserted him. He says: “. . . the people (other than those under direct Mission influence) see in it only a terrific fight between foreigners on their land, and they are quite prepared to accept whichever party comes out on top.”

Gill, who naturally became much involved with the Military authorities, did not always worship at that shrine although individual members he held in high regard.

He says in one part of his book: “There is grave danger in the Military greatly restricting the power of Civil Administration. If that happens it seems to me that the very foundations on which the whole Native Policy has been so patiently built will be in ruins . . .

We need (as a Governor) a man in direct descent from Macgregor and Judge Murray.”

In another of his letters he says that he believes that the Military Government made a grave mistake in doing away with the Civil Administration. He goes on: “I have not been impressed with some of the things that have been said to me by those who took the old officers’ places. One of them said, ‘The great difference between us and the men we have taken over from is that we are Trained Men!’

My foot! Some of them seem to have been specially trained in getting off rapidly in the opposite 87 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

direction as soon as they hear of a spot of trouble.”

Crime Amongst

The Coconuts

The second Polynesian thriller by Juanita Sheridan The Kahuna Killer —is a sort of pseudo cargocult from the Hawaiian Islands.

Miss Sheridan’s setting is slick, sophisticated Honolulu and the odd doings are supplied by a village of Hawaiians (we did not know any pure Hawaiians still existed) who are inclined to begin a Back to Before Movement.

We do not know what qualifica*tions the author has for writing about Hawaii, but the setting and the characters seem authentic enough and as such are interesting to other Pacific Islands dwellers, some of whom have thought to turn their own islands into imitation Honolulus in order to catch the tourist dollar.

The plot, which is not particularly mysterious, is feasible only because it is American. It would not hold water in a staid British community. Playgirls, playboys, Chinese, Hawaiians, Japanese and old planting families all have their part in the story. And there is the usual quota of high powered cars, ditto powered blondes, hard drinking and skulduggery. (Published by William Heinemann, Ltd- Australian price, 13/3.)

Dr. Tom’S Problems—The

Davis Saga

Whether they now intend going back to the Cook Islands to live seems doubtful, but in their book.

Doctor to the Islands, Tom and Lydia Davis have produced a story that is interesting to the average reader and could be regarded as literary dynamite in the territory it most concerns—all this notwithstanding the fact that Dr. Tom appears to have made his peace with officialdom before the story ends .

When the crusading Davis family arrived in Rarotonga they found a state of apathy, neglect and inefficiency that would be hard to believe were it not for the fact that we have independent witnesses who state that it was so, and that though there undoubtedly is another side to the Davis version, Dr. Tom was instrumental in bringing the unsatisfactory state of affairs to the notice of authority and in instituting permanent reforms. , ~ , The local hospital, as described by Dr Tom, is almost unbelievable.

He arrived to find the floor covered with cigarette butts, the beds unmade, the dishes unwashed. He was hustled past Mrs. Teariki “who won’t last the night, anyway (he later gave her a blood-transfusion and she recovered) and to “out-patients,” where a sizable crowd already waited.

Dr. Tom was cheered; perhaps his fame as a doctor had preceded him. “Good morning, what can I do for you?” he asked the first patient. And the only reply he got was, “pamati.”

The matron was writing in her little pink book; she tore out a slip and said, “Sign here, Doctor.”

The slip read, “I hereby certify that Uti requires 1 bottle of whisky for GHP. Signed Medical Officer.”

So Dr. Tom learned that “pamati” was Rarotongan for “permit”; and that out-patients consisted almost entirely of “dishing out liquor permits.”

The Cook Islands, of course, like all New Zeealand Pacific territories, are technically dry—liquor being dispensed for GHP (general health purposes only).

Five miles away from the general hospital was the new TB sanatorium. It had been completed only that year. The equipment was good. It had a staff of nine nurses, several cooks, orderlies and groundsmen. But no patients.

The area was known as Black Rock and according to the Islanders it was haunted. From one of the tallest rocks dead souls were supposed to take their departure from the island. TB is the scourge of the Cooks —yet the new hospital seemed to the people just a place to die, and they needed some persuasion before they would go there to do even that.

The book is written in fits and starts by both Dr. Tom and Mrs.

Tom. Sometimes only a short white space occurs between where one ends and the other begins.

Lydia is supposed to be the writer of the family, although, no doubt, many readers will find Tom's offerings more acceptable if only because they have broader scope.

Neither Davis could be said to be the objective type of writer; black is black to them, always; white is white.

Lydia one imagines as a slap-dash creature to whom small details mean nothing even if the larger facts of life are seen clearly. In this way Patrick Twomey, the leper-man, becomes Percy; Ratu Edward Cakobau and Ratu George Cakobau she presents as brothers and Ratu Edward is endowed with some of the background of and accomplishments of Sir Lala Sukuna. Her spelling of Polynesian place-names borders on the fantastic (Dr. Tom being afflicted by the same disease only to a lesser degree) and their publisher, not knowing better, lets them go.

However, none of these things prevent them describing life and people as they find them and for this reason the book is exceedingly interesting.

Dr. Tom is part-Polynesian and returning to Rarotonga was returning to the land of his birth.

Lydia is a New Zealander. They married while he was still a medical student at Dunedin and the book? tells their lives from that moment! on.

After seven years in the Cooks,; Tom decided that it is time fon some post-graduate study. The place that more or less chooses itselfl for this is Boston, USA. The Davis family decided to go there in thein own 45 ft ketch Miru, in midwinter,' using the Roaring Forties for thes 6,000 miles hop, Wellington ta Peru, thence through the Panamas Canal and up the eastern coast oft North America.

The last chapters of the bookJ describe this incredibly uncomfortable five-months voyage. (Published by Michael Joseph, London.j Australian price, 18/9. 1

Christianity—All Kinds

DISPENSED We have received from Kansas, City, Mo., a small book called Ant n Now New Guinea, by Hardy Cv Powers, DD, who evidently is as member of the Nazarene Mission which —although we did not know this —has some missionaries aij work now in New Guinea.

The book is more a description of New Guinea for adherents o;< the mission in the States, than an account of their work in the, Territory.

Dr. Powers quotes freely (witli acknowledgments) from Pacific Publications Handbook of Papm: and New Guinea, from Colin Simpson and from someone calleo; Franck McCune, whom we suspect is none other than our old friemj Frank Clune.

This mission appears to be functioning in about 35 countries so one can understand members' enthusiasm in having adde«j another country to the list.

But God alone knows whar inspires these people to go pepurinr into unfortunate New Guinea— although He is blamed for i because he “commanded his peoplt to go out and preach the gospelJ The extraordinary increase sino the war, in the number of branch of Christianity being dispensed i;i Papua-New Guinea must be comi pletely bewildering to the unfon tunate savage whom these peoph go there to “save.” t In an effort to improve signs, strength throughout the Fiji Group changes being made to the aenan of the Suva broadcasting station r short-wave outlet on 3980 kc/s wir probably result in decidedly poor©reception of that channel in oven? seas countries, for which the broad) casting service was never really in tended The two broadcast-bam outlets on 840 and 930 kc/s shorn.! still be fairly well received at nightr time in New Zealand, especially ir winter months. 88 AUGUST, 19 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

Island Migrations

Birds And Sea Currents

Aided Canoe Navigators

REFERENCES to birds as an aid to Polynesian and Micronesian navigation occur several times in the literature of Oceanic exploration. In The Legend of Hawaii-loa, for instance, Bruce Cartwright says that the directions taken by migrating land birds led to the discovery of many island groups.

IT is believed that the long-tailed cuckoo’s annual migrations brought about the discovery of islands as far south as New Zealand.

The method of navigation possessed by the people of Oceania permitted them not only to reach a given destination but easily to retrace their steps.

Not only did they use bow stars, towards which they sailed, but they kept track of stern stars as well. To [ return to their home island required only their shifting round of the sail, making the bow the stern, and using the former stern stars as beacons towards which to steer.

Prevailing winds and sea conditions were their steering guides throughout the day.

Upon reaching the home island, the sailors often utilised other stars in the manner of lighted ranges to facilitate entrance into harbours and passages through reefs.

ALL the native navigators of the South Pacific were proficient in analysing wind and sea conditions, for often the sky might be overcast for days at a time, leaving only these signs as aids to navigation.

For observing wind direction, pennants of feathers and palmetto bark were used.

The direction of the run of the sea was usually more helpful, since the direction of the sea tends to be more stable than wind directions.

Characteristics of currents and swells were probably most thoroughly utilised in Micronesia, where charts were constructed on the basis of these.

One of the things that most strongly impressed Captain Cook was the ability of the Islanders to predict the weather. They associated the various changes in prevailing wind direction with the appearance or position of various celestial bodies. Since the changes in wind direction are seasonal phenomena, their method appears to be quite valid.

Andia y Varela wrote in 1774: “What took me most in two Indians (Polynesians) whom I carried from Otahiti to Oriazatea was that every evening or nioht they told me, or prognosticated, the weather we should experience on the following day, as to wind, calms, rainfall, sunshine. sea and other points, about which they never turned out to be wrong.”

This is the second of three articles by Lowell Don Holmes reviewing the science of navigation as it was practised by the Polynesians and Micronesians at the time of the great canoe-migrations across the Pacific. Mr. Holmes, who recently completed a year’s anthropological research in Eastern Samoa, is at present a. Doctoral Candidate in Anthropology associated with North-Western University, Evanston, Illinois. The first article was published in June PIM.

Returning to the use of celestial bodies as aids to navigation, an investigator, Rodman, reports the use of a calabash or coconut sextant to judge latitude.

On a voyage between Hawaii and Tahiti, which is almost a due north-and-south proposition, the “sacred calabash” was used to fix position, he said.

The instrument consisted of a globe half-filled with water which reflected the light of a star seen through one hole as the navigator peered through another, on the other side of the globe. The farther away the reflected gleam of a star directly over the destination appeared on the water inside the globe, the closer one was getting to the island. Of course, the globe had to be suspended on a string so that the plane of the water was always the same. (See note at end of this article ).

By using methods such as this, or by using the stars as steerine beacons, a relative amount of accuracy could be obtained, but even at that it was possible to miss an island by 50 to 100 miles.

In such a case, the Oecanic navigators merely produced new methods from their bag of tricks.

A certain form of cloud was recognised as an indicator o f land, fpr above many islands clouds continually hovered, no matter how bright or sunny the day.

The white sands of coral atolls reflect more heat than the surrounding water, and the difference in these temperatures causes a small cloud to form. This cloud is found a bit to the lee of the island because of the effect of the prevailing wind. Even if the sky were cloudless, the navigators could utilise reflections in the sky caused by the presence of lagoons or shallow waters.

Light is lost in great depths of water. Deep waters are poor reflectors and produce little effect on the sky. The reflection of the shallow waters is therefore very conspicuous.

The colour of the water itself was an important item in piloting. The navigators’ ability to judge depths in this manner was extraordinary.

A MAORI legend tells of a curious way in which land was found.

A canoe, after making the journey from Hawaiki to the vicinity of New Zealand, by star-steering, had not yet picked up land. The navigators beared that if they proceeded on their course, they might pass beyond the island.

At this point, the captain of the This diagram represents actual sea conditions.

A is the Island, B and C the Rilibs, D and E the Kaelibs, and F, G and H the Boots. 89 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

canoe liberated two land birds capable of extended flight The birds circled about, gaining altitude.

At a certain height, they apparently could see land, for they beaded off in a definite direction This course was followed successfully by the canoe. , The form of the waves and tne direction of swell were used to good advantage in locating land in both Polynesia and Micronesia However, though the Polynesians were fine navigators, it appears that they never studied ocean phenomena and its bearing on navigation, as the Micronesians did.

It is in Micronesia where charts are constructed depicting the directions of swells. , Harold Gatty, who m ,vestigated primitive navigation methods f o the armed forces in World Wai II and who wrote the Raft Book, describes these charts as follows.

“Using the ribs of coconut palms and tying them together with coconut fibre, they constructed a frame to represent the curvature and meeting points of the wave motion in and around the islands. The islands were represented on this frame by Sn rhe knowledge recorded by these strange charts was indicated by the arrangement of the ribs relative to one another and by their bending and crossing. . . , . . __ p These charts included three essential features; the Rilib, oi eastern swell; the Kaelib, oi western swell; and the Boots.

The Rilib and Kaelib consisted of curved ribs and the Boots were the points where these two ribs met and were fastened together The sea condition referred to as the Rilib is described by Gatty as follows; “The prevailing wind brings parallel swells towards an island. As the swell approaches the island, even out of sight of .land it starts to curve, and nearing the island, it curves to the shape of the obstruction. At this stage, the swells which are directly in front of the island start to form into smaller waves which gradually build up and break on the reefs. This wave motion from the direction of the prevailing wind is easy to see.

THIS Rilib is worthy of note throughout the entire year. The counterpart to this is the Kaelib, or western swell.

Of this, Gatty says; On the opposite side of the island is a counter-swell much less noticeable but nonetheless visible to anyone who looks for it. Knowing of its existence I have seen this counterswell with my own eyes, not only from the water, but from the air, where its curves as it approaches the island are easily recognisable This feature is also present throughout the entire year m Micronesia. .

Where these two swells meet forms an area of disturbed water which the Islanders call Boots These Boots are of tremendous importance in finding one’s way to an island. When the Micronesians accidentally missed an island, they would come upon this row of Boots, caused by the two swells, and would sail down them as though they wen buoys until the island was reached (To be concluded) Sir Peter Buck Rejected Magic Calabash r:E “sacred calabash” story, mentioned in Mr. Holmes’s article on Poynesian and Micronesian navigation, was firmly discounted by the late Sir Peter Buck, the New Zealand-born Maori director of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, and possibly the greatest of all students of the history of his race.

“I am convinced that no such contrivance was ever used by the Poynesians,” Sir Peter wrote in a letter to Mr. J. E. Frame, of Nelson, NZ, which was published in the Auckland Star on March 2, 1951, and quoted in PIM in February, 1952.

Following are other extracts from the letter; “The magic calabash story was started by Admiral Rodman, of the United States Navy. He told it to me on board the USS Virginia at Auckland in 1925 . . . He later wrote an article entitled The Sacred Calabash in the US Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 53, 1927.

This article led to inquiries at the Bishop Museum, but no such calabash as that described by Rodman was present in the collection.

“J. F. G. Stokes, of this museum, wrote an article questioning the authenticity of the calabash, anij Rodman’s reply was really ai evasion. Rodman had told me a* Auckland that he had seen thi calabash and measured the angle which was 19 degrees, the elevatioi of the Pole Star in Hawaii.

“The general feeling is that Rodman constructed the story on a theory which is not supported b;< any material evidence. We cannoc find any mention of such r calabash in Hawaiian tradition, am convinced that no sucl: contrivance was ever used by thr Polynesians.”

Polynesian Society Journa[?] ONE of the oldest continuing anthropological journals in thr world, the authoritative Journas of the Polynesian Society (Welling* ton, NZ) appears in a bright new dress for the first number of thr 64th volume. . . ...

The policy of this quarterly studf of the indigenous peoples of thr Pacific area, however, remains unn di&n^Gd.

The current (March) issue include a paper on the Fijian system o kinship and marriage by R. H Nayacakalau, of the Department o Anthropology, Auckland Umversitt College, and another on the Paloll« by William Burrows. t Shell Petroleum Co. announced i:i London in July that two ten-seato.

S-55 helicopters have been ordereo for off-shore oil exploration operas tions in the Persian Gulf, Borneo? and New Guinea waters.

In this Manhattan instruction chart A represents the Shell, [?] the Rilib, C the Kaelib[?] and D and E the Bootsa The Rilib and Kaelili consisted of curved ribs and the Boots were the points where the ribe met and were fastened together. 90 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL'

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Samoa’s Copra and Cocoa Quality Slips From Our Own Correspondent COMPLAINTS about the qualitj of Western Samoa’s main proc ducts, copra and cocoa beanjj have been increasing. In fact, the? may now be described as continuous Compensation has been paid tt the United Kingdom Ministry o Food on several shipments of in ferior copra, and the local Copn Board is making strenuous effort to tighten things up.

The board will now accept fcr export only copra that has beej screened.

When the MOF contract ends ii 1957, Western Samoa, like othe British Commonwealth territorie with contracts, will have to compet on the “free” world copra market.

Equally disturbing is the de terioration in the standard o Samoan cocoa beans. At one tim Samoan cocoa was a high-qualit product commanding high prices cc the world market, but in recen years the standard has slipped.

Competition among buyers hs been so keen that they have oft© been willing to buy cocoa insuffic: ently fermented and dried, and thr has encouraged producers to neglee proper curing.

Complaints about poor qualii cocoa have been so frequent thu Samoan leaders have urged mo;< stringent methods of inspecting tH beans. It has also been suggest©, that the Government, private ii. terests or co-operatives should buii fermenting houses and driers in tH outside districts to ensure eve quality of the product.

Producers, it has been pointed ou should sell the wet beans (as is don in larger cocoa-producing countries instead of the dry, which they fin difficult to ferment properly in sms. quantities.

Big Sums Donated for Leprosy Work IN 12 years the New Zealau Lepers’ Trust Board has allocate £90,000 to the Fiji Lepers’ Tru Board. w When the Acting Governor of Fi (Mr. A. F. R. Stoddart) was opes ing the new discharged patienn hostel at the Korovou Leper Sua Station, Suva, in June, he describd the Dominion’s help as “stupem ous generosity.”

Of the New Zealand allocation j Fiji, £15,000 has gone to aid lepro 1 work in the British Solomons. T 1 balance, supplemented by 1o c c donations, has been spent at tt Fiji Leprosy Hospital, Makogai, as at the Korovou Sub-Station. 92 AUGUST, 1055 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH II

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From Our Own Correspondent.

ALTHOUGH a timber company in Fiji has gone into liquidation I less than a year after starting f operations, an American company [.plans to work a timber concession . in the Serua Hills in southern Viti Levu.

The United Lumber Co. Ltd., Iregistered at Suva in January with a capital of 150,000 dollars, has a [ 900-acres lease four miles inland - from the Queen’s Road on the south coast.

A Fijian land concession starts seven miles from the coast and . extends about 11 miles inland. The [hill country is rugged, but over the [ranges there are more gradual slopes and river valleys, and part I of the concession lies across the upper reaches of the Navua River.

I Selective cuttins will be employed land the circumference of trees [which may be cut has been laid down by the Forestry Department. [ A 2 per cent, royalty on timber sales will provide for replanting, I and it is intended to have the [forest restored after 30 years.

I The company’s Government contract requires the construction of 12 miles of all-weather road within three years. Four miles has already been constructed and is now being metalled. American machinery has been taken to the mill-site.

Logs will be tractor-hauled to the road —a system which, it is believed, will eliminate the difficulties found in trying to keep mills fed by floating logs down rivers and similar means. t Two young men employed at Paagoumene, New Caledonia’s chrome mining centre, were drowned when attempting to swim in darkness frpm a capsized dinghy to a lagoon islet in July. The men were both fathers of young families. Two other men, members of the same fishing-party, reached the islet and were rescued by a search party next day. Despite an air search, the bodies of the drowned men were not recovered. 93 Pacific islands monthly august, 1055

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Nile Distributors Pty. Ltd., 125 York Street, Sydney, N.S.W. BX 6041 94 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH]

Art Postcards Of Tonga

I’er Dozen (Including a Tin-Can Mail Cover), Postage Paid: 6/- (or one US Dollar).

TONGAN PHOTOS BUREAU, Nukualofa, Tonga C. Sullivan (Export) Pty. Ltd. 379 KENT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Telegrams and Cables: “CHASULL,” Sydney. Telephone: BX 6381 (6 lines).

And at Melbourne, and Brisbane.

Associated Companies: C. SULLIVAN (Q'LAND) PTY. LTD., 318 Adelaide Street, Brisbane.

C. SULLIVAN (PACIFIC ISLANDS) Ltd., Suva, Fiji.

C. SULLIVAN (NEW GUINEA) Ltd., Rabaul, T.N.G.

C. SULLIVAN (N.Z.) Ltd., 22 Swanson Street, Auckland, N.Z.

C. SULLIVAN (EXPORT) Pty. Ltd., 66 Victoria St., London, S.W.I. England.

C. SULLIVAN INC., 230 California Street, San Francisco, U.S.A.

Over 30 Years' Pacific Island Experience Expert Buying Service Original Invoices Furnished Overseas Indents Arranged BEST PRICES FOR COPRA, COCOA, SHELLS AND GENERAL ISLAND PRODUCE.

Newcomers to SP Commission Sworn-in [H Mr. P. B. Cadweli was to leave [Australia in August to take up an appointment as dental officer, Nauru gsland, in succession to Mr. S. J ; Begg. t Mr. C. A. Brew has been appointed Public Service Commissioner for Western Samoa. He was Auditor of that Territory from 1946 to 1949, and has recently been general treasurer of the Public Service Association and an aduit inspector.

Black Magic Terrorism in New Caledonia (From Our Own Correspondent) BLACK magic is not yet dead in New Caledonia, or, for that matter, in many other South Pacific islands.

Three men who had been banished to a remote northern island for trying to foment a revolt in 1940 returned several years ago and installed themselves with a peaceful tribe.

After securing their adoption by the tribe, they set out to dominate the people by forms of witchcraft.

Within two years their unfortunate hosts were terrorised into seeing doghi (devils) in all directions.

Gradually they abandoned their houses and plantations, seeking safety in flight.

Complaints to the authorities led to an investigation, as a result of which the three “sorcerers” are to to be banished again.

New members of the South Pacific Commission staff at Noumea were sworn-in on May 23 i n Pi cture the Secretary-General (Dr. Ralph Clairon Bedell) is administering the oath and the Chief Interpreter (Mme. G. Barrau) is providing the French text. Those taking the oath are (left to right): Mile. M. Tomono (France), laboratory assistant; Mile. C. Michelino (France), stenographer; Mr. I. Boyd (Australia), accounts clerk; Miss Y. Macfarlane (New Zealand), laboratory technician (dietitian). The oath, besides pledging loyalty to the international service of the South Pacific Commission, affirms that the officer will not seek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of his or her duties from any government or other authority external to the Commission. 95 pacific islands monthly august. 1955

Perfectly balanced

Baker’S Flour

Willow Tree Brand specially milled for Pacific Islands requirements in our own FLOUR MILLS. Combined capacity of over 3 million bushels of wheat per annum at Albury and Warwick Murrumburrah (N.S.W.) (Qld.) and Ballarat (Victoria) Heritage Brand BUNGE 'AUSTRAL,*, Cable Address: “Bungeco, Sydney.”

All the signs point to bigger sales oj

Gilbev’S Gin

this year!

Yes. the Gilbey Zodiac for Wise Drinkers is making new customers for you through Metropolitan Daily newspapers in the most unusual advertising drive in years. Ask your Gilbey representative for full details and be sure you arc ready with good stocks of Gilbey’s in the bar and ready to wrap in your Bottle Department.

Whatever your sign, don’t sell gin, sell GILBEY’S 1230 TAURUS ARIES PISCES LIBRA SCORPIO SAGITTARIUS sv V » * CANCER GEMINI CAPRICORN ★ s & Co~ LEO VIRGO AQUARIUS US Decoration for BSIP Man t A mobile dental caravan for use in the country districts of Tongatabu, arrived at Nukualofa from New Zealand recently.

Lieut. A. M. Andresen, RANVR, MID, a wartime coastwatcher at Ysabel Island, has received the United States Medal of Freedom for meritorious service in the war against Japan. The presentation was made on May 20, 1955, by the District Commissioner, Central District, BSIP (Mr. M. B Hamilton), at Mandoliana, Lieut. Andresen's home island. The citation stated that in 1943-1944, Lieut. Andresen, "through his outstanding knowledge of intelligence transmission, resourcefulness and devotion to duty . . . made a noteworthy contribution to the success of military operations in the South-West Pacific Area".

AUGUST. 19 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH

Lj STIME AND^ONEY with “CHULA” Copra Dryers The range of ‘Chula’ Copra Dryers includes models to suit any sized plantation, and the machines which operate continuously in all weathers need virtually no maintenance. Labour costs are cut by at least 40% and one man can keep four machines in full operation.

Only the highest grade copra is produced.

Write to us for full details of the range of ‘ Chula ’ Copra Dryers and other coconut processing machinery.

And if you grow rubber . . . ... we will be pleased to show you how the latest Huttenbach Rubber Machinery can help you to improve quality and increase output.

Tyneside Foundry

& Engineering Co. Ltd

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers Established 1898 Elswick • Newcastle upon Tyne • England Cables: " Foundry, Newcastle-on-Tyne.” Codes: ABC sth and 6th Editions.

Agents: Papua: The B.N.G. Trading Co Ltd. Port Moresby.

New Guinea: Burns Philp (New Guinea) Ltd Rabaul, Lae. Madang and Kavieng.

Fiji, Samoa, Tonga : Morris Hedstrom, Ltd. Suva, Fiji.

Solomon Islands : K. H. Da rymple Hay Esq., Honiara.

"Fal-Out" Compensation

FROM US THE United States Government has paid $7,000 compensation for material damage suffered by Rongelap and Uterik natives as a result of the March, 1954, hydrogen bomb accident.

It will be recalled that the I meteorologists miscalculated winds [at the time of the Bikini explosion, [with the result that 298 Islanders and 28 Americans at these two [atolls were showered with radio- [ active coral dust. Some Japanese 'fishermen were more seriously in- [jured. \ About 64 Islanders suffered fairly serious effects, varying from skin [burns to temporary loss of hair. All are now said to have recovered, t though genetic effects are and will remain unknown for a very long time.

The $7,000 represents damage to property only. According to a statement made to the United Nations by the US Government the natives had made no personal claims for damages. In the case of the Japanese, negotiations for damages continued for a year, and eventually £1 million or more was paid to cover [personal damages and the rendering of the fishing vessels unserviceable for a long period due to atomic contamination.

Tonga's Minister of Finance Noumea Enthusiasts Aiming at Olympiad NOUMEA enthusiasts are determined to get to the 1956 Olympiad at Melbourne, but how they are to do it remains a problem.

Messageries Maritimes has briskly knocked on the head a proposal to use one of the French liners for transport to Melbourne and as a floating hotel during the Games.

The answer was that the liners’ schedules would not permit chis.

The decision has caused some surprise, because it was expected that when the new Polynesie came into the Sydney-Noumea-New Hebrides route in July, the liners from France would end their voyage at Noumea.

Previously the liners, except the Eridan, went on to Sydney. Eridan, after being described as a “hellship” by Australian newspapers several years ago, has not returned to Australian waters.

Meanwhile Air France has been asked to provide special planes for flights to Melbourne for the Olympiad, but the airline problem is likely to be more complicated than that of shipping.

The local foreign exchange office will probably grant a quota of Australian pounds to Olympiad-bound travellers.

The Hon. G. Goodacre, Tonga's Minister of Finance, and Mrs. Goodacre photographed at Nukualofa in June, before they left for New Zealand on furlough. They were entertained at a farewell tea-party by the Secretary to the Tongan Government (Mr. K. R. Bain) and Mrs. Bain. 97

Pacific Islands Monthly August, ]9 5 5

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98 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHU

The Pacific Islands Society (Founded 1937) Visitors from the Pacific Islands to Sydney, or persons Interested In Islands affairs, are invited to communicate with the Honorary Secretary of the above Society which was formed to constitute a social and cultural centre for those interested in the Pacific Islands.

Regular meetings and social gatherings, with lectures, are held at the Feminist Club Rooms, 7th Floor, 77 King St., Sydney, on the fourth Thursday of each month, at 8 p.m.

Address for correspondence:— THE PACIFIC ISLANDS SOCIETY.

Box 2434, G.P.0., Sydney. (The President may be contacted by telephone at XJ 3205.) STEAMSHIPS TRADING COMPANY LTD.

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No Change In Rents Of

Sr Commission Houses

From Our Noumea Correspondent SOUTH Pacific Commission affairs were discussed in the Conseil- General of New Caledonia when [ the Government asked for a reduc- I tion in rents of houses occupied by SPC personnel. ■ The request was refused.

These houses, built by the Noumea [ Town Council a few years ago, are, [ by Noumea standards, small palaces.

Rents were fixed at 20 pc of [ salaries, and the Administration r wants them reduced to 15 pc.

It was indicated that the reduction was proposed because some of ’ the SPC people would like the Commission’s headquarters to be transferred from Noumea to Sydney—an implied threat at which some members of the Conseil-General i protested.

A member said that the threat of ! transfer had already been used by [the French delegate to the SPC (M. sLasalle Sere) when applying for an SPC loan from FIDES (the Paris Government organisation for the development of the French Empire). [ The member added that he hoped [more serious reasons had prompted ithe SPC to establish its headquarters at Noumea. (At one time a considerable body of opinion held that the Commission ; should have been based at Suva).

Graduate from Suva

Honour For Weather Chief

DR. M. A. F. MARSDEN, director of New Zealand Meteorological Service, whose area includes observation stations at a great many Pacific Islands, was elected first vice-president of the World Meteorological Organisation in May. t Pan American Stratoclipper Flying Cloud on June 30 flew from Sydney to Fiji (1,975 miles) in 5 hours 47 minutes —a ground speed of 342 miles an hour.

Liquor Restrictions in NC Relaxed NEW Caledonia’s indigenous people are now permitted to drink any brand of beer they choose.

Previously they were limited to a local beer with an alcohol content of 4 pc, although at least 20 brands are sold.

Simultaneously with the new ruling, the Conseil-General approved a proposal that native members of the council be permitted to consume their own choice of wine. t Storm damage to roads, bridges and wharves in Viti Levu, Fiji, early this year has cost the Government £10,464 in repairs.

Mr. Homer Cheng, youngest son of Mr. C.

L. Cheng, of Suva, recently received the degree of Bachelor of Engineering from Sydney University. Two years ago, two elder sons, David and Cecil, graduated in engineering. The photograph shows Homer with Mr. and Mrs. Cheng after the 1955 ceremony. 99 pacific islands monthly august. 1955

Stay at TUSCULUM in Sydney Ideally situated In its own delightful gardens, Tusculum is only five minutes from the business and social centres of the City. It is renowned among ISLAND VISITORS for its comfort, restful atmosphere, and personal service.

Double and single serviced flats and fiatettes latest American cooking facilities in each.

TUSCULUM PRIVATE HOTEL, 3 Manning Street, Potts Point.

Write or cable for reservations.

Managing Agents; T. Elliott and Co., 8 Bayswater Rd., Kings Cross.

Coldstream Refrigerators N.S.W. Representatives : Refrigerator Installation and Service Co. Pty. Ltd. 8 Bridge Road, Glebe, Sydney.

Cables and Telegrams “Colstrim,” Sydney.

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Noumea Theft Drama

Ends With A Suicide

Prom Our Own Correspondent AFTER a Noumea robbery, in which the swag included about 40 watches, the police put a special guard in the Java-bound repatriation ship Skaubryn and found one of the watches on the arm of a young Javanese woman.

The girl said that the watch was a gift from her boy-friend.

The boy-friend said he had bought the watch from an Indo-Chinese.

The Indo-Chinese denied the Javanese charge but a police search brought to light other stolen articles.

Whereupon the Indo-Chinese pounced on a small knife and stabbed himself. He died in hospital.

This was the third suicide in New Caledonia in the first fortnight of July. The others were a Frenchman and an Italian.

Other fatalities included the mother of six children who was killed at Noumea when her motor scooter collided with a bus; two Javanese killed when a lorry plunged over a cliff and two men drowned when fishing. v The Tongan-language edition of The Royal Visit to Tonga has been published in London and has been shipped to Nukualofa. t Of the 14,399 students in New Caledonian schools in 1954, 7,686 were native and 6,713 European.

Public schools accounted for 2,604 natives and 4,821 Europeans. Roman Catholic private schools accommodated 1,892 pupils of European descent, and 3,552 native pupils went to Catholic mission schools.

Another 1,530 native pupils went to Protestant mission schools. The total number of students was 1.400 < more than in 1953. if Six Tonga Defence Force cadet: officers have returned after training; at Army schools in New Zealand- Four of them have been commissioned by Queen Salote ass second-lieutenants. They are Sione: Ma’asi, ’Aisea Kavapalu, Manase: Foukimoana and Kaivai Heimulu. 100 AUGUST, 19 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

NELSON AND ROBERTSON PTY. LTD.

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Cocoa Beans, Coffee Beans, Trocas Shell and all Island produce sold on commission.

Representing throughout the Pacific Islands SKANDIA DIESEL ENGINES.

General Merchandise

E. WHITEAWAY & CO., England.

KUNST & ALBERS, Germany.

AGIMER & COMPANY, Italy.

INCOVER COMPANY, Italy.

CALVERT & COMPANY, Sweden.

KANEMATSU & CO., Japan.

Archimedes Outboard

ENGINES.

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For your Queensland Requirements: Communicate with our Brisbane Office: NELSON & ROBERTSON PTY. LTD., Stanley Street, SOUTH BRISBANE. Cables: “Ivan”, Brisbane.

New Guinea Representatives: RABAUL HOTEL & TRADING CO. LTD., Park Street, RABAUL. Cables: “Ivan”, Rabaub Two Separate Vessels

The Lily And The

SNARK A CORRESPONDENT from Rugen Harbour, via Rabaul — who forgot to sign his name— [ has written an interesting letter [ on the late Harold Markham’s Lily, I which, he says, was not the Snark. i This should end all correspondence [ on the subject.

Our unknown correspondent says: “The Lily was never Jack Lonr don’s old vessel the Snark. I was l well acquainted with both vessels.

“In July, 1917, when I was mate *■ of the A. K. Melanesia we sailed ■ from Solomon Islands to the New Hebrides. In Vila harbour, tied up F to the wharf inside the reef, was the [ old Snark. She had been out of I commission for several months. She was owned by the French Nouvelle Hebrides Company, and there was i a standing offer of ten pounds plus I any repair costs, to any man who [could start the engine. I inspected I the vessel and started work, and the [next afternoon had the engine runining. We did a three hours trial I run outside the harbour, and on re- I turn to the wharf I collected £l2/10/-.

I “A few weeks later, returning to [ the Solomons, we were speeding along at nine knots under full sail [past the west end of San Cristobal llsland, when a vessel put out from Maru Bay and hailed us. t A man was standing up in the bows waving a shirt. We hove to, and waited for the vessel.

I It was the Lily with Markham at the tiller and another man with the [shirt. When they were close enough to recognise our vessel, they waved to us to proceed on our way. We could not understand it but the next day the Lily came into Tulagi and Marko came aboard and told Inis story. i “A few days earlier, the Lily had been commandeered by a British man-o’-war and six naval ratings put aboard with teleradio, rifles and ammunition and Markham was told to proceed to San Cristobal Island for patrol duty. When our vessel was sighted, somehow the Lily’s transmitter went out of commission tby Marko sleight-of-hand) so the Lily had to return to Tulagi for radio repairs. So ended the Lily’s patrol duty. ; “Later on I sailed to Ontong Java |L°rd Howe Islands) with Captain Austin in the Baronia and spent a inonth there inspecting those islands and reefs. We also spent many hours with Markham and it was there that I learned the story »f the Lily. J I “The Lily was built in Tasmania and purchased by Captain Austin and Markham, and sailed from there to the Solomons by Austin Markham and another man (name forgotten). Markham then took over the Lily. The Lily was not a schooner; but a cutter rig, with a 14 HP Frisco engine.

I was back in the Hebrides in November, 1927 when that hurricane hit Santo; 27 vessels were lost in one night.

“The Snark was anchored in the Segond Channel opposite the river the river was in flood, which kept the vessel side on to the channel The hurricane swept down the channel, hit the Snark broadside on and she turned over in the wind and sank with eleven hands All were lost.

“As Captain Haug assumes, Markftradin£ statioft t m c “ arlle Munster on Ontone Java. Towards the end of 1941 i srint m th¥ ai ff S and had lUnch and wo after u no °n with Munster.

We chatted about Markham and Ontong Java, and old-time experiences. It was the last time I saw Charlie Munster, but I look back on those days with happy memories.”

J M. Rene Hoffherr, Governor of New Caledonia and High Commissioner for France in the Pacific has been visiting the Wa 11 is’

Islands, stated a Noumea report in August. M. Hoffherr travelled in the French naval sloop Tiare by way of Suva. 101 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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New Caledonia’S

Oil Search

Is ‘Marking Time’

From Our Own Correspondent WORK on the oil-search site at Gouraou, New Caledonia, has stopped, and it was announced in July that the company formed, with local and French capital, to conduct the search—Societe de Recherche et Exploitation du Petrole —is to be reorganised.

A geologist borrowed from a large French oil company is to make a photo-geological study, and about September a geologist of international status, M. Trumpy, will study the results of all the surveys.

The departure from Noumea of M. Rene Pomeyrol, former head of the search, has been followed by a statement by M. Pomeyrol in Paris, in which he maintains that the direction of the work was taken out of his hands at a time when the Gouraou operations were confirming the optimistic tone of his original report.

M. Pomeyrol was sent to New Caledonia in 1946 by the Bureau de Recherches de Petrole (BRP).

After two years’ exploration, he reported that the most promising place to start serious drilling was Gouraou, on the west coast near Bourail.

IN 1953 a company was formed at Noumea with a capital of 10,000,000 francs. BRP held 65 per cent, of the stock, the NC Government 15 per cent. and private Investors 20 per cent M. Pomeyrol’s services were placed at the disposal of the company.

In his Paris statement he says that he was assigned to look for oil with an absurdly small capital Arrangements had to be made with the Overall McCray Co., Sydney, to send equipment and a crew to do US Ceremony in Tahiti Mr. Daniel W. Montenegro, American Consul for South Pacific Territories, visiting Papeete, laid a wreath on the obelisk at the American section of Paurani Cemetery on Remembrance Day.

Later, according to custom, he went outside the harbour in the American yacht "Mareva", which happened to he in port, to drop another wreath on the sea. 103 rACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - AUGUST, 1955

Beautiful Brass needs the Quality Polish Like captured sunlight through your home, polished gleaming brassware adds friendly lustre to every room. A rub or two with Brasso keeps brass and copperware merry and bright.

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Importers - Exporters

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Sole Agents : Papua-New Guinea and Solomon Islands for — Docke & Co., Bremen (Cardock Bush Knives, Hatchets, Axes, etc., including All Trade Lines).

“Geo” Spanish Shot Guns.

Dominion Flour and Wheatmeal.

Sunnyside Canned Fruit.

Issue Blankets.

Palm Brilliantine.

Ashby Bicycles.

Webster’s Biscuits.

“Columbia” Canned Fish.

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Specialising in Piecegoods and Mosquito Nets for Native Issue.

Trade Enquiries

Invited—All Types Of Merchandise

OVERSEAS INDENTS ARRANGED.

SUPPLIED. the drilling, and the £40.000 contract stipulated a total drilling of 8.000 ft divided into four wells of 2.000 ft. 4 BRP gave instructions that drilling should be started at Koumac, in the far north of the island, where oil seepage had been noted. This was against the advice of M. Pomeyrol and was regarded as unwise by Mr. Owen, the Australian geologist. Four wells were sunk and the result confirmed M Pomeyrol’s opinion that there was only a superficial deposit, degraded and of no economic value.

In February, 1954, M. Pomeyrol continues, the local company asked him to concentrate on the Gouraou site, and the transfer was made without waiting for BRP’s consent, which was given later. Drilling started in March but was stopped at the end of April because of shortage of capital.

DESPITE promising indications at Gouraou, BRP ordered ‘conservative measures,” which included the termination of the drilling contract, the dismantling of the equipment and the repatriation of the Australian crew. BRP said it was necessary to mark time before moving to another stage of the search.

The death of the company’s president at Noumea was followed hv the appointment of a president at Paris. The head of the Government Mining Bureau at Noumea was made assistant to the new president and was put in charge of the work.

M. Pomeyrol adds that it was onlv a few days before his departure from Noumea for Paris that he learned that he had been relieved of the direction. v A sanctuary lamp, given by St.

Thomas’s Anglican Ladies’ Guild, Toowoomba, Queensland, has been sent to New Guinea for the John Barge Memorial Church. The Rev, John Barge, who was murdered by the Japanese, was vicar of St.

Thomas’s Church before going to New Guinea. 104 AUGUST, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH LJ

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Sp Commission Project

Fishing School for Islanders Twenty-five south Pacific Islanders will receive practical training in a fisheries course to be held at Noumea, said the Secretary-General of the South Pacific Commission (Dr. Ralph Clairon Bedell) at the Research Council meeting at Noumea in i June.

The course, designed to improve ; fishing methods and to develop fisheries resources, will be sponsored jointly by the South Pacific Commission and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation.

Both organisations, said Dr.

Bedell, are anxious to see fisheries more fully used as a means of tetter nutritional standards for Islands peoples.

Islanders at the fisheries school will study such subjects as the use of mechanised small boats; Improved gear and fishing methods; processing, storing and marketing of fish, and control of harmful practices like dynamiting and I poisoning.

They will learn elementary navigation and chart-reading and 1 the principles of boat-building, and > will acquire a working knowledge i of marine engines.

AN important part of the training will relate to fish-farming— transferring fish from fresh and brackish water into ponds and rivers, building dykes and sluices and cultivating pearl oysters and other molluscs.

Much of the training will take place at sea. A fisheries research vessel has been lent by the French Institute of Oceania, which was linked by Dr. Bedell with FAO in an expression of warm appreciation.

The students will live at the Pentagon building at South Pacific Commission headquarters.

Speaking at the Research Council meeting, Dr. Cecil Miles, secretary of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, said that if FAO had not been prominent in the South Pacific region, it was because the South Pacific Commission was engaged most effectively in those functions which were being performed by FAO in other under-developed parts of the world.

Mr. hubertus van pel, Fisheries Officer of the Commission, said that in the Cook Islands he had transplanted 320 black-lipped mother-of-pearl shells lagoon Manihikl t 0 Rakahanga He had selected medium sizes as older oysters would not withstand the journey. A tank has since made in Rarotonga to carry «00 pearl oysters in a single voyage.

Black-lipped pearl, although less valuable than the gold-lipped variety, brings about £stg.4oo a ton.

A boat with one diver takes from 100 to 300 shells in a day.

Mr. van Pel said that overfishing could become a serious economic problem in French Oceania, where 25 lagoons have already been stripped of shell. Unless they were replenished, these lagoons would become a “graveyard.”

The transplanted Manihiki oysters had been deposited in an area covered with stones and dead coral, but the intention was to put collectors in the lagoon.

MR. VAN PEL advised on fishfarming in Western Samoa and Tonga, adding that in the Cook; Islands he had found conu good that h e had established a fishpond and given 2M e i& e r S s.° n flSheri6S t 0 about new -*E on A he said > has been stocked with tilapia flown to the Cooks from Fiji.

Tilapia is a particularly good fish to use where fish-farming is a new idea. It is a strong, hardy fishmaking things easier for unskilled farmers—and it grows fast, so that results can be seen quickly As well as providing food, it shows promise as tuna-fishing bait.

Lt. G. P. Brown and 2 Lt. P J Burt, NZ Regiment, have been seconded to the Fiji Military Forces. J 105 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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Telegrams: “FERREOUS”, Sydney Telephone: JF 121? 106 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLT

Marine Spares

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40 Ft. Army-Type Workboats

Photo, shows 40 ft. Workboat built by us for Australasian Petroleum Co.

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These vessels and also 56 ft. K. class Copra Scows are in regular production in our yards with choice of engine installations.

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News Of The Small-Ships

It Happened In August:—

I In August, 1930, when PIM was ' born, there appeared in that first issue this report of a shipping f- disaster: The mission vessel Bromi- ' low, owned by the Methodist Mission > Society, was wrecked at Amphettes, ■ near Samarai, Papua, recently, and i seven natives were drowned. The [ Rev. G. P. Lassam and a native L were rescued from a reef, after five i days’ exposure, without food or [ water, and two natives reached Salamo from the vessel. The Bromi- | low was a wooden auxiliary ketch \ of 14 tons gross, and had been in ! service in Papuan waters since 1917. i She was named after a famous s missionary, Dr. Bromilow, whose death recently occurred.

Elsewhere in the first PIM, under details of inter-island shipping ser- ' vices, were the names of little ships, all of which have vanished to-day: SS Papuan Chief and AK Matoma on the Papuan coastal trade; SS Maiwara, SS Mirani, SS \Duris, SS Durour, and SS Wyalong in the TNG trade ( Duris and Durour ! met their fate in the 1937 Rabaul eruption); MV Duranbah in the Solomons; TSS Makatea, SS Malake, SS Adi Keva, and MV Sir John I Forrest in Fiji waters; SS Malinoa in the New Hebrides. ’ In the years since the first issue PIM has recorded more of the maritime history of the Pacific than any other publication in existence.

SERVICE INAUGURATED: With Monrovia painted on her stern as port of registry and flying the Liberian flag, the 134-ft steel schooner-yacht Te Vega arrived at Papeete in July to inaugurate a luxury passenger service between that port and Honolulu, where the vessel will be based.

Aboard on this first voyage from Newport Beach Harbour, Cal., was owner-skipper Omer Darr, his wife, a crew of 18, and 6 passengers.

Officers are Americans and crew Tahitians or part-Tahitians. Calls had been made in the Marquesas and at Takaroa. The vessel had sailed June 10, and arrived Papeete July 9.

Passengers had paid fares varying from $3,950 to $5,590, and on the Honolulu-Papeete service they will pay $925 to $1,275, one way, for an estimated 30-day run, with calls at several way ports.

Te Vega can carry 12 passengers in six two-berth cabins, which apparently vary somewhat in comfort and cost. There are three passenger bathrooms, a lounge, and dining saloon, a first-class chef and chief steward, and apparently everything else that the type of passenger likely to seek a cruise in a vessel of this size would want.

Skipper Darr, who did some postwar cruising to Polynesia with paying S uests in the 71-ft yacht Nordlys, is apparently confident that he can fill his ship with passengers prepared to spend an average of £ASO per day in fares, and all will hope that indeed he can.

He has a reputable agent, Theo H.

Davies & Co., in Honolulu, and if appearances sell passages Te Veaa with her 11,235 square feet of billowing canvas should certainlv be a draw card.

She is powered with a 200-hp diesel which drives her along well but only those who have cruised under sail will know how steadying sail can be. Appearances have been somewhat marred by reducing the schooner to bald-headed rig however.

Sailings are planned from Honolulu at 6-weekly intervals. The vessel was due to leave Papeete north-bound on July 16, arrive at Honolulu August 15, and sail about 2 wpek later. There will undoubtedly be a lot of interest in 107 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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HEAD OFFICE: Flowchart St., Abbotsford. Vic. J 82721 Sydney Office; Mufffcns & Parsons St«., Roselle’ WB 378 S N S,W .Furnace. Division . . . XF37 I 2 Mr. Darr’s experiment, and if some may feel doubtful regarding the large crew and the consequent high fares, all will hope for success. Te Vega is clearly a big financial gamble that deserves to succeed.

Exit The Meat-Boat:—Weii

known in Eastern Papua waters as a supplier of fresh meat, the 60-ft vessel Gilli Gilli was lost in Wreck Bay, Great Barrier Reef, 350 miles from Cairns, on June 28. Formerly owned by Gilli Gilli Plantation, the vessel had just been purchased as a pearling lugger by Grayson & Bindley Ltd., of Cairns, and was being escorted south by the 50-ft launch, Tropic Seas, when she went ashore. Gilli Gilli was built in 1912 at Thursday Island and is claimed to be the 21st vessel lost in Wreck Bay.

VASU SOLD:—The Italian-built 300-tonner Vasu, laid off her Polynesian tramping some time ago, was reported sold in July to Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd. for use in the Fiji Group. At about the same time it was reported that Tasman Steamship Co.’s other vessel, the 700-ton refrigerated freighter Viti, had been chartered for a further 3 months —to October 4—by the New Zealand Government, as stand-in for the invalided Maui Pomare on the Cook Islands-Auckland produce run.

Neo Being Stripped: T H E

37-year-old 793-ton Neo Hebridais (ex Ino, ex Feijnoord), laid up in Noumea Harbour since Societe Miniere et Maritime Hagen replaced her two years ago, was alongside the wharf being stripped in June. The old steamer was built in Holland and served over 20 years on the New Caledonia-Australia service, including the Pacific War years. Retired, she was replaced by the 41-year-old 1,266-ton coalburner Neo Hebridais II (ex Koranui, ex Cleopatra ) which now maintains the service and a chartered service to Wallis Island. She left there recently with 70 Wallis Island labourers for the New■ Hebrides, 35 for Noumea, plus four stowaways.

SANTO WHARF:—Tenders have; been called for the construction of ' a new wharf at Santo, New 1 Hebrides, the funds having now 1 been approved by the Condominium j Government.

CROSS AND CROSSLET: Melanesian Mission has now decided to build two vessels to replace; 108 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Cables: “IVAN”, SYDNEY. [ the Southern Cross VII which has [ been on sale in Sydney since last f September.

Master Mariner the Rt. Reverend Bishop Hill, on consultations in England, reports that Mission \ authorities there have unanimously [ endorsed a proposal that two 1 smaller vessels—one about 90 tons, I and the other about 15 tons —be | built in Australia or New Zealand, i Plans are now being prepared, and [tenders may be called about October. | Southern Cross VII, built only in [ 1933, has been maintained through [the years to a classification as set [out in Lloyds Register of Yachts.

From Faraway Places:—

‘ Captain “Dusty” Miller’s splendidly equipped refrigerated 70-ton, 75-ft [tuna boat Joyita, mentioned from [time to time in this column, is re- ; ported for sale at Apia. Honolulu- I registered, but based on Canton, [ Joyita has been one of the very few \ regular post-war connections that , the Line Islands have had with the outside world, Captain Miller calling in the course of his pursuit of the elusive tuna shoals, and while delivering frozen fish from Canton [to Honolulu.

Joyita is probably the best equipped craft of her size in the Islands south of the Line. Built in Los Angeles in 1934 as a yacht, she was later in US Navy service. She is of 2-inch heart-of-cedar planking on oak frames, and with teak i overlay decking. After the war she was converted to the present trade but inherited much ex-Navy equipment —an impressive electrical installation, electric galley, 100-W radio-phone, two high quality radio [receivers, etc., and with a pair of 20-KW diesel generators, either of which can cope with all requirements. The reefer hold can maintain 10 degrees in the tropics, with added quick-freeze facilities. The little ship has deck accommodation for officers and 9 crewmen.

It is understood that as Joyita is on American registry there are [certain restrictions on the sale to other nationals, but she certainly looks like an interesting craft to anyone with an eye on the tuna business. Joyita will apparently retnain in Apia until sold. Captain Miller is aboard.

Left to right: New Guinea Medical Department's new Bjarne Halvorsen-built "Heduru" on trials at Sydney; Captain F. G. Squire of "Thetis" , in command for the delivery voyage to Moresby; and crew members from various Government vessels. 109 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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Box 4726, G.P.O , Sydney, N.S.W., Australia Send me FREE details of the ( ) 5i h.p. “Challenger" ( ) 15 h.p. “Commander' NAME ADDRESS P M 855 RESURRECTED; The junk-yacht) Cheng Ho, chapters of whose chequered history have appeared in PIM ever since World War 11, is ta add yet another chapter. To settle; debts accruing, a Papeete Court on May 27 last, issued an order against) the“ Cheng Ho Trading and Exploring Co. Ltd. (represented by M: Eric de Bisshop), as a result of which the vessel was compulsorily sold on June 21 to Les Etab. Henri Gallois et Cie. of Papeete for 1.2 million francs (£A8,575). The new owners plan to put the junk back into the inter-island trade after refit. Though it was reported that Cheng Ho appeared in very bac shape last year—one mast fell down —the hull is now said to be com- Top to bottom: (1) Jean Gau, lone-hander the New York yacht "Atom". (Photo: P American Prints). (2) Honolulu yacht "Phoenixi" lately at Papeete. (3) "Jenco" of Oslo, env[?] her voyage at Napier, NZ. This picture [?] taken as she cleared Oslo. (4) Johnny Hi[?] of Suva, with his tuna-boat "Metal Monsteis now being fitted out at Sydney (see July PIM) 110 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH LJ

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(formerly of Holland) Telephone Dev. 1119 pletely sound. Built in 1939, the vessel is 156 tons gross, 136 nett and is powered with a 225-hp GM diesel. Her interesting history is long and involved and we can only refer readers to past issues of PIM on the subject of this remarkable craft which has lain in Papeete for some years, immobilised by litigation.

Kia Kia On The Block:—In

this issue appears an advertisement offering the 58-ton WPHC vessel Kia Kia for sale in Suva. Kia Kia has been a very active unit of the WPHC fleet serving the scattered isles from the Solomons to Christmas and Fanning. She is probably one of the very few vessels in the South Pacific with a figure-head— that of Hippocrates, most famous physician of antiquity. She was built as a medical patrol craft, and in Hong Kong, where figureheads are the rule rather than the exception.

In this connection many will recall the beautifully executed Fiji Coat of Arms formerly on the bow of Viti, another Hong Kong product. Since her launching in 1938, Kia Kia has had her sail area reduced and her top-hamper increased.

MAGI DELIVERED:—In July we mentioned the Capricorn-built, 45footer Magi, powered with a a Gardner diesel. Elsewhere this month, Ferner & Dickinson Pty. Ltd who supplied the motor, have a photo of the craft, which was safely delivered and is now in the hands of a Native Co-operative Society at Abau, Papua.

A mooring-laying operation at Vila; "Mombah" and the MM liner "Tahitien".

Lower: An AB from "Tahitien", enclosed in a shark-proof (?) net, about to inspect the moorings. (See story).

Photos: Oscar Rondahl. 111 pacific islands monthly august. 1955

Captain W. L. Kennedy

(Established 1031.)

Shipbrokers, Business & Real Estate

63 Pitt Street, Sydney. ’Phone: BU 3797. Cables: “CAPKEN,” Sydney.

LISTING: DIESEL CARGO VESSEL.—I 39 ft. x 29 ft. x 11 ft., about 550 tons deadweight. 425 HP. engine about 9 knots, in Survey and working. £lB,OOO.

NEW TWIN DIESEL VESSEL.—Suit cargo, 79 ft. x 20 ft. x 6 ft., engines each 90 H.P., spacious vessel, good accommodation, first class builder, vessel how ready to launch, prompt delivery. £17.500.

TUSA TYPE WOODEN TUG.—About 66 ft., powered with 250 H.P. • superior diesel. £B,OOO.

TRAWLER.—Suit cargo, 61 ft. x 18 ft. x 8 ft., 102 H.P. Gardner marine diesel. £10,500.

CARGO VESSEL. —60 ft. x 17 ft. x 7 ft., copper sheathed, 160 H.P. marine diesel, mast and derrick, accommodation 2 aft. £8,400, WORKBOAT.—33 ft. x 10 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 3 in., 30 H.P. marine diesel. £2,200.

WORK BO AT.—3O ft. x 9 ft. x 4 ft.. 21 H.P. Lister diesel, 2/1 reduction. £1,700.

WORKBOAT.—26 ft. x 9 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 9 in., 4 cyl. Universal marine 2/1 reduction. £B5O.

We shall be nleased to obtain independent Surveys of any craft we offer and subsequently "arrange delivery either on ship’s deck or sea as desired.

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Weight 60 lbs (Both Models) Price £B9'lo'o All plants are fitted with 4 cycle air-cooled engines, press-button starting, automatic cut-out, float-feed, ball bearings and petrol filters, etc.

MODELS 300 and 400 Write for illustrated catalogue.

Manufactured By AMPLION (A SIA) PTY. LTD. Sydney, Australia Cables Telegrams—AMPLlON, SYDNEY HOW COME?;—An Apia correspondent reports that for longer than most can remember, a venerable hulk named Mary Lou has sat in a cradle on the beach not far from Aggie Gray’s famous hotel.

Recently there was much amusement along the waterfront when it was learnt that though there are gaping holes in Mary Lou’s hull and much of her superstructure has gone, she was lately highly valued and, it was said, issued with a certificate of seaworthiness.

TRAFFIC JAM: Because a whale failed to observe the rule of the road, a £1,250 launch which had been purchased by two German migrants from New Guinea landed up on a Bribie Island (Queensland) beach early July. At least that was the explanation of the mishap given by Karl Heermann and Fennig Busacker, who had left Brisbane that day en route back to New Guinea. The launch, however, appeared to be undamaged and there was hope that she would be relaunched.

SIR RONALD IN THE WATER: —The Pitcairn Islanders have recently completed a launch which has been named Sir Ronald Garvey, in honour of Fiji’s Governor, who is also responsible for Pitcairn. The motor was donated by the British Government. The new launch will greatly aid the Islanders in their boat work, and especially on their long open-boat voyages to Henderson and Oeno for firewood and wood for carving curios. The Pitcairn landing has been modernised by transferring a big diesel generator from the war-time radio station down to the landing to provide electric light there.

GOVERNMENT SERVANTS: The P-NG Administration probably possesses the largest Governmentowned mosquito fleet in the Pacific : Islands to-day. Captain F. G..

Squire, recently South to Heduru, summarised it from for us: Laurdbada 11, 70-ft singlescrew Administrator’s vessel is flag-ship. The 60-ft Leander is used for transport of! 112 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLj

WYNNE 8. BREDEN £ PHOENIX SHIPYARDS - NEWCASTLE, N.S.W.

Ocean-Going Aux Ketch. 25 ton gross. ♦ 60 H.P, Diesel Speed 8 h Knots. 770 cu. ft. in Hold. 350 cu. ft. in Aft. Cabin This and other types of vessels always under construction.

SHIPWRIGHTS, BOAT BUILDERS, MARINE ENGINEERS.

Botlders of Island Vessels op to 150 tons gross. 40 ft. Workboats of 180 Bag Capacity and Other Commercial Craft. Complete and Beady for Sea. (“A Good Boat Is a Lasting Asset and not a Liability”) [Court Judges. Then come the following 65-ft converted trawlers, stationed in different parts of the Territory: Tami, Managuna, Huon, | Morobe, Eros, Poseidon, Theresa f May, Navanai, Rouna Falls, Koro, [ Thetis (Capt. Squire’s command), I and Mangora at present being pre- [ pared. Then there is the 55-ft twin-screw yacht Ela serving the District Commissioner, Wewak area.

There is the 55-ft scow Elavala, a , 35-ft pilot launch at Port Moresby, several 42-ft work-boats (with four i more being built at Brisbane ship- [ yards) and a number of other very small launches. Also in the area [ are two other interesting craft—the I’ 102-ton light-house tender Wallach, [ stationed at Samarai, which serves [ the navigational facilities through- ; out P-NG waters; and the 300-ton I Army vessel Tarra (AV-1379) which ; runs supplies from Australia to the ■ Army garrison at Vanimo near the north-coast Dutch border.

LAKELEO :—In June there was 1 brief mention that Mr. Oscar New- [ man, of the New Hebrides, had purchased the Tasmanian crayfisher [ Norman Flare. Now being redesigned at the yard of A. W. [Engineering & Ship Repair Co. Pty. in Careening Cove, Sydney, the 66- Ift x 17J ft craft will be renamed \ Lakeleo when she sails in August.

Biggest job is conversion of the hold. For the carriage of live fish the vessel had a water-tight fishhold with some 400 holes through I the hull permitting the free circulation of sea water. All these had [to be plugged, the hull again metalsheathed, and the hold lined to [carry an estimated 36 tons of copra below, on a draugh of about 9 ft. : The sail-plan is being altered from ketch to cutter, the wheel-house brought forward over the motor, and accommodation built on deck : aft, with side-decks and a permanent awning above. Some of [this work will not be done until tthe vessel reaches the Islands. A 6LS 112-hp Gardner diesel gives about 8 knots. There is fo’c’sle accommodation for a crew of 6 The latest type of AWA radio telephone set is being installed.

Altogether, Lakeleo should be an [ideal Islands craft when the job is completed.

AIDING SCIENCE:— Orsom 111, ex Batemans Bay, which Institut Francais d’Oceanie purchased last November from Mr. Roy Gubbay, of Santo, is now commencing her research work in the New Caledonia area. Directed by biologist M.

Leland and physicist H. Rotschi the work programme includes identification of the principal surface-feeding fish, a study of nutrient elements, plankton, etc., physical and chemical characteristics of the water, investigation of the ocean bottom, and technical research into fisheries methods adapted to the region Special equipment for the work is being supplied by the South Pacific Commission. Orsom 111 was built Handsome Schooner for Honolulu-Papeete Service The handsome schooner "Te Vega", Honoluluowned, Liberian-registered (Monrovia on stern), which inaugurated a luxury passenger service to Papeete in July. Originally with top-sails, she is now bald-headed. (Photo by courtesy of George E. Brady, Altadena, Cal.). 113 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

I : mw^ w .jmgSi w, U.. 1 % SI 4 & f h Wk % 4k >. Sia, w EXPORT TOOHEYS PILSEN ER AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

FOR SALE

Yacht Kona

40 ft. x 35 ft. x 14 ft. x 6 ft. (H | ■ m “Block Island” fishing boat design with handy staysail schooner rig. Heavy construction of Oregon on oak. Reliable 27 B.H.P. diesel. Ideal for cruising, recruiting or plantation work. Very easily converted to 500 cu. ft. hold amidships; 2 bunks fwd.; 2 bunks, galley, eng. rm. aft. Fully found. Many spares See picture Dec., ’54.

P.I.M. Will deliver in S.W. Pacific.

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Further information about Monel propeller shafting will gladly be forwarded by: WRIGHT & COMPANY PTY. LTD., 81 Clarence St., Sydney Sole Australian Distributors of Monel :: Phone: BX 1211 (Six Lines) •Monel is a registered trade-mark covering a rich nickel alloy, mined in Canada and rolled in Great Britain.

I as a purse-seiner in Australia in I 1947. Of 75 ft overall, she is powered K with a 135-hp Caterpillar V 8 diesel.

I Gross tonnage is 67.54, and nett K about 18 tons. The hull is of spotted I gum. (Photo March PIM, p. 107).

NAVUA IN SERVICE:—With ship dressed to mark her first visit, the ; Union Steam Ship Co.’s new fruit freighter Navua arrived at Suva July 10. Intended primarily for the Fiji-Samoa banana trade to New Zealand, the 3,581 gross-ton vessel has 4 holds fitted with a forced ' ventilation system, and with a total r capacity of about 24,000 cases of bananas. Equipment includes elec- [ trie winches throughout and a powerful radio telephone installation with which contact was made with Suva immediately on clearing Auckland Dimensions are 350 ft. o.a. and 41 1 ft beam. The crew are , accommodated ’midships in twoberth cabins. There is no passenger accommodation.

HELPING HAND; —ln the absence of a big-ship wharf at Vila, a former Australian coastal collier, the Mombah, moored in the harbour, is used as a dock-pontoon. Early last .March, in a heavy blow, while the MM liner Eridan was fast to Mombah, the moorings dragged about 150 yards, but fortunately the [four anchors took hold again when the stem of Mombah was only 50 yards from the reef. Eridan departed, leaving Mombah well off her station and with no means of raising the heavy mooring anchors and relaying them. Lately Captain R. Teisseire of the MM liner Tahitien undertook the task with that vessel. After 2 days’ work the two main anchors were brought up by the Tahitien’s gear. The liner then managed to drag the remaining two smaller anchors— and Mombah —to a more sheltered position, where 4 more days was spent in untangling the four cables totalling ten shackles of chain.

Then Mombah was taken back to her correct station and the moorings re-laid. Scarcely a job to be performed with a big passenger ship, and one worthy of considerable praise for all concerned. (See photos.)

Under New Management 9 •

—Te Matapula, Whippy-built, 82-ft. auxiliary ketch, launched in Suva, March. 1953, for the GEIC Colony Wholesale Society, may change ownership according to Suva rumours. It is possible that the Gilberts Government will take her over to replace RCS Kia Kia now for sale. The Wholesale Society would then acquire a larger vessel more suited to its purposes.

NEW NOUMEA VESSEL- Societe Nickel, of Noumea, has acquired the self-trimming 8,000 tons d.w. French National Railways collier Caronte for use on the New Caledonia-NSW ore and coal trade.

Built in 1948, Caronte is a modern type of collier, and is expected to enter the new service, with the present Tayo, later in the year.

HANDS OFF!:—The New Cale- 115 Pacific islands monthly august. 1955

SERVING ALL PARTS OF FIJI.

Carrying Passengers and Cargo S.S. "AI SOKULA"

Motor Vessels: "KOMAIWAI," "TOVATA" (t/s) All equipped with Radio telephone. Operating to time-tables published in the Press and announced from VRH Broadcasting Station.

ISLAND TRANSPORT LIMITED.

Managing Agents: W. R. CARPENTER Cr CO. (Fiji) LTD.

SUVA, FIJI.

Telephone: 114—6 lines. P.O. Box 299.

Wm. Breckwoldt & Co

Cables: "Brewo"

RABAUL, New Guinea.

P.O. Box 22.

SUVA, Fiji Islands.

P.O. Box 369.

HONIARA, Brit. Solomon Is.

P.O. Box 42.

APIA, Western Samoa.

P.O. Box 47 VOLKSWAGEN Cars—Pick-ups GRUNDIG Radios REPRESENTING Breckwoldt & Co., Hamburg, Germany.

Brewo-ItaMa 5.r.1., Milano, Italy.

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Mercedes Benz

Cars and Trucks BAYER Medicines Olympia Typewriters—NSU Motor Cycles—Continental Tyres and Tubes—HMG Diesel Marine Engines—Taifun Bicycles—Rolleiflex and Rolleicord Cameras—Petromax Pressure Lamps —Feuerhand Hurricane Lanterns — “Two Lions” Butcher Knives Becks Beer BREWO Canned Fish—Cigarettes—Provisions—Trade Beads—Cotton Piecegoods Copra Sacks—Mosquito Nets and Blankets for native issue—BßEWO Brand Perlon Fishing Lines BREWO Brand Briar Tobacco Pipes and a variety of other trade goods. donia maritime Unions have lodged a protest against foreign vessels operating in the coasting trade.

Such ships have sometimes, at the request of the charterers, taken aboard cargo at Noumea, after clearing inwards, for discharge at some loading port up the coast.

Societe Nickel, following protests, has been forced to withdraw the chartered ship Gordian from ore transport between the mines at Thio and the smelters at Noumea.

Similar maritime laws now apply in many countries.

WELL DONE, KOVALA!: —Distance from Sydney to Honiara is about 1,600 miles —but it has taken RCS Kovala just six years and four months to make the distance Launched February 1949, the 66-ft.

Government patrol vessel finally arrived in the Solomons in June, after endless modifications, alterations, and finally a re-engining. On July 3. Kovala cleared Honiara on her first tour of duty—a run south to Vila with the Condominium’s new British Resident Commissioner, who had gone first to Honiara for consultations with the High Commissioner before taking up his post.

SP & L, BSIP:—The title is impressive, though the lights are few: Superintendent, Port & Lights, British Solomon Islands Protectorate. Mr. D. M. Thorsen arrived at Honiara late in June to take up the position.

AUGUST CONVOY;—About late August an interesting convoy will sail down Sydney Harbour and head north for the New Hebrides.

Flagship will be Mr. M. Marinacce’s 211-ton MV Deutgan, with one or more barges in tow, and bringing up the rear will be Mr. Georges Holland’s Anaconda, mentioned last month. Work on the refit of”

Deutgan and preparation of Anaconda has been slower than earlierj estimated.

FLYING ANGEL FOR SUVA: The Suva Rotary Club has agreedi to sponsor a public appeal for funds to establish a Seaman’s Mission inc that port. 116 AUGUST, 10 55 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL,

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News of Cruising Yachts • TRANS-PACIFIC RACE, for the second time [in succession, was won in July by Ira P [Fulmer's 39 ft. ketch STAGHOUND on corrected time. Her elapsed time for the 2,225-mile fair-wind run was 12 days, 23 hours, 9 minutes, ¥ seconds. Fastest time was made by Richard B. Rheem's 98-ft. ketch MORNING STAR. Second [and third in actual corrected-time placings [Were Frank Hooykaas' 75-ft. schooner CON- STELLATION and the sloop NALU 11. • LOS ANGELES-TAHITI RACE will be sailed mext year according to advice from Eugene Pverton, chairman of the 1956 Tahiti Race Committee of Trans-Pacific Yacht Club, Los Angeles. It is very much hoped that ' some South Pacific yachts will contest this second race of the revived series. Final entries in the 1953 race were poor. Race No. 2 will start in the first week of June, 1956, to allow a normal Papeete arrival during the annual July celebrations. A dozen American yacht owners ctad already expressed interest. MORNING STAR is an almost certain entry. Other probables: Lyman Farwell's 84 ft. schooner DRIFT Walter Johnson's 72 ft. schooner NORDLYS (already known in Papeete), Ira Fulmor's STAGHOUND, 800 Paschall's 53 ft.

KIRAWAN. Australian and New Zealand yacht owners should contact Mr. Overton at 727 W 7th Street, Los Angeles 17, Cal., for fuller letails. There is the possibility of a staggered start to permit all yachts to complete the p a^ol Jt the same time, as was done • WANDERER 111, with Eric and Susan Biscock, completed the circuit arriving safely It St. Mawes, Cornwall, recently. The 30 ft tfoop is the smallest English craft to have made iuch a voyage for a good many years, if ever kfore. • PHOENIX, 50 ft. American ketch from Honolulu, arrived Papeete June 20 on the Itart of a world cruise. Built in Hiroshima, lapan, m 1954, this stout little vessel is as pleasing a type of ocean cruiser as one could ■nsh to see, with her ample sheer-line. The ftory of her cruise from Japan to Honolulu ippeared recently in the American Saturday evening Post. With owner Earle L. Reynolds s a crew of six. PHOENIX measures 24 tons |as a beam of 14 ft. and a draught of 7 ft' [he has 1,000 ft. of canvas and a 25 hp Hesel. The south run from Honolulu was nade m 26 days of good sailing weather. • LITTLE BEAR, 37 ft. American ketch from l? n Francisco, with owners Buzz and June nampion—and a dog—arrived Papeete July 8, rom Honolulu via Takaroa. Destination is pven as Auckland via Bora Bora, Cooks, Samoa, Tallis, and Fi,i. Built 1948 at her home port V her owners, this ketch carries 690 ft of pnvas and a 50 hp auxiliary. The ketch left At Apia are (left) the smart Honolulu fisherman "Joyita", for sale and (right) the lesssmart “Mary Lou", recently classified as seaworthy. —Photos: Jack Thornton. 117 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY-AUGUST. 1955

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Rabaul, New Guinea; Suva, Fiji; Honiara, Apia, W. Samoa, ♦ [Honolulu June 1, having tarried there since December 19. • QUEST IV, with lone-hander Fred Fawcett- Kay, which left Brisbane in March for the Solofmons, was still cruising in that Group in July. • ONRUST of Holland, which Dick Tober f sailed down through Polynesia two years ago, was reported early July as about to sail from h Hobart for Auckland. Tober has been working in Tasmania for the past year or more. Dirk [ is reported now to be married. • LA PALOWA of Auckland arrived Rarotonga July 2, 23 days out. Owner Bill Wilson of New York, and companion Ronald Helmer of Calgary, Canada, then planned to sail for Papeete within a fortnight. The yacht was [purchased at Auckland. • SEVEN SEAS of Holland arrived Rarotonga [from Papeete on June 22. The passage took 9 days. • YASME, 37 ft. cutter of Poole, England, is on the way, and should be seen in the Pacific next Winter. Owner Danny Weil is a keen radio amateur, and the yacht is also equipped with a commercial radio installation, call-sign GMTY. • Latvian-born, Israeli-naturalised Joseph Havkins cleared New York June 30 for Panama and the Pacific, destination a seat at the Olympic Games in Melbourne. This will be the first time that a yacht flying the Israeli flag has entered the Pacific—name of the 23-ft. [sloop as yet unknown in Sydney. Havkins is sbs ,ha - • WHITE SQUALL of Auckland is now not planning to sail to the US until next March. , MOONR4KER, which visited Tahiti two at charles, ° n - N ? r,h Carolina, England-bound, in May. Also there Pacific bound* 1 FEL ' C,TY ANN ' Pac 'fic-bound. • MAREVA, Mr. James McConnaughey's Papeete based motor-cruiser was out cruising 'fj"* ,S ' a " ds (French oceania ) *" • TAHEA, 28 ft. Los Angeles ketch which Rolph Thorvaldsen sailed to Papeete early this year, arrived back home July 24. Lone-hander Thorvaldsen caused a commotion in Hawaii March' «llJTat some"timt!® then® cleared Kealakekua Bay, Kona, May 20 for Honolulu but failed to arrive. An extensive Coastguard search was organised and abandoned when TAHEA suddenly arrived a * Los Angeles. Bad weather seems to have dogged the yacht. Thorvaldson said TAHEA wa ? ,eakin 9 seriously due to storm damage a few days out of Papeete - • MARIA cleared Cowes, England, TOvaM Y of “o' for' VCS »M VS n 3 Aske . r Kure - Kure has b «" given two year! to live by his doctor. Formerly a skipper of deep-sea vessels, he is reported to have said goodbye to his wife and four children, to die somewhere at sea in the Pacific. , Aries, American R. J. Reynolds' 92 ft. ketch, will again not appear in the Pacific this year !t will be remembered that Mr. Reynolds had the yacht built in England and planned to base it at his Tahiti property two years ago.

Pressure of work has prevented the tobacco magnate from coming to Tahiti since then. • BOUNTY of Auckland, which has taken more beatings per gallon of Pacific than any other yacht south of the Line, is still in the Macleay River, NSW, slowly refitting while owner Furley and his merry men earn some more money ashore. This summer BOUNTY is likely to head for Auckland, in readiness for yet another island cruise next autumn. • KONA of Honolulu, on the move again cleared Whangarei, NZ, July 3, and arrived at Suva via Kadavu on July 18. Skipper Paul Blackford advises that the yacht is for sale (see ad. in this issue) but will meanwhile cruise Fiji waters and if unsold, may head for the New Hebrides and New Caledonia in a few months. Roger Skolmen has returned to his Forestry studies at University of California.

Bob Houtz has a job with a manganese mining company in Fiji as geologist. Mr .and Mrs Frank Robinson came down from the States to join the yacht at Auckland. • HAPPY RETURNS, mentioned in July, is from present indications, endeavouring to clear Polynesia before next hurricane season The ketch-rigged converted Scilly Isles life-boat cleared Medeira for Las Palmas late July and was heading thence for Curacao under motor and sail. With Christchurch, NZ, fishermanowner Tom Acland is an Auckland marine engmeer Walter Kelsall; an ex-policeman, Ronald Coley; and John Powell of Wales Destination is Auckland.

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ISLAND GROUPS.

Ltd. 26 Bridge Street, Sydney Cables: Ventura Cook Islands Workers

Makatea Labour

POLICY

Is Reconsidered

(From Our Own Correspondent) THE policy of employing Cook Islands labour at the Makatea phosphate workings is being reconsidered by the Government of French Oceania.

At present it appears that there is a surplus of Polynesian labour at Papeete, and the Compagnie Francaise des Phosphates de I’Oceanie has been advised not to contract fresh Cl labour until authorisation has been received from the Government.

The scheme of supplying Makatea labour from the Cooks started during the years of World War IT, when there was a labour surplus in the Cooks. The money brought back by the men was a welcome source of income to the outer islands of the Cook Group.

To-day the position has changed, with many Cook Islanders being employed locally on Cook Islands Administration building projects and an abundance of highly-paid jobs offering in New Zealand.

The attitude of both the New Zealand Government and the Cl Administration is that in the event of Cl labour for Makatea being discontinued, it can be absorbed by the local and New Zealand labour markets. t When the Fiji Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve called for applications to fill 60 vacancies.: more than 200 replies were received] mainly from Fijians. Some of the applicants had done good service with the FRNVR in the Pacific) War. The 60 ratings selected were to start training in July and to undergo sea training when HMNZg Hawea visited Fiji in August. 120 AUGUST 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH L

You need never MEET your Exeentor!

HANDS

That Never Leave

THE WHEEL % * Years ago, it was customary to saddle an old friend with an fhp 6C pfl?P s „^ sponsiblllties - Today, under vastly different conditions, the care and management of Estates is a fulltime job for Burns Fhilp Trust Company Limited. There are too many obstacles confronting the willing but inexperienced private Executor.

Probate, taxation finance, management of widely-dispersed assets these and other responsibilities demand immediate attention irom a team of directors and officers men who are thoroughly conversant with such intricate problems. The Company’s free booklet, ‘Hands That Never Leave The Wheel”, explains how your affairs will be safeguarded. You can obtain your copy from any branch of Burns Philp (South Sea) Company, Burns Philo (New Guinea) Limited, Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Limited or from this Company’s head office.

James Burns P.T.W. Black DIRECTORS: MANAGER: L. S. Parker.

SECRETARY: E. R. Overton, F.A.S.A, Joseph Mitchell Eric Priestley Lee

Burns Philp Trust

Company Limited

Executor • Trustee • Attorney Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney.

Telegraphic Address: “BURNSTRUST”. Box 543, G.P.O.

Also Registered Offices at Melbourne, Brisbane, Port Moresby {Papua), and Vila (New Hebrides).

Letter To The Editor

Brisk Defence Of the Fijian Worker GENERALISATIONS regarding J racial groups often create false impressions, writes “Interested bserver,” criticising comments lade by a correspondent in March EM under the headline “Fijians [ust Learn to Work.”

Observer” continues: The correspondent unfairly iticised the Fijians by suggesting lat “it takes three men to do the rerage day’s work of even the ost take-it-or-leave-it Aussie”, id by doing so ignores some iportant factors.

For instance, if it is true that e average Australian labourer irks harder than the Fijian— lich I and many others would spute to the last ditch—there is 50 the formidable fact that the istralian is paid about £2 a day d the Fijian receives about 87day. Even if, as the corresndent alleged, it takes three |ians to do the work of one istralian, the one Australian still ts 16/- more than the three lians combined. Who benefits?

Bsumably the employer in Fiji.

Contrary to the opinion of the ■respondent, “cheap labour” is 11 employed in Fiji, and to all ents and purposes the Fijian •ourer is a useful milch cow. f the Fijian is “less efficient” in his Australian counterpart, the son lies in educational backend, the workers’ environment 1 the conveniently overlooked t that the Fijian worker is nmonly not paid enough, in sent-day conditions, to maintain iself and his family in good ilth. gain, I would like to know what correspondent means by deswig the Fijians as “a privileged pie.” My own observations lead light to the conclusion that the ans are denied many opportunii given to people of other races Fiji. 91- example, the Industrial and icultural Loans Board exists for benefit of non-Fijians, although m informed that this lending itution is financed by public ds. The assertion that “money is cannot make any fundamental srence” is nonsense, polish generalisations of the I expressed by the correspondent the sort of thing that breeds •rant prejudice and inter-racial ion, “Interested Obeserver” cones.

GEIC Marriage Laws Gazetted MARRIAGE laws have been gazetted for the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony.

Minimum age is 18 for males and 16 for females, with consent of guardian required up to the age of Intention to marry must be made not less than one month or more than three months in advance, to the appropriate Government authority, whereon such Intention will be publicly displayed on a notice-board and entered in a register to be available for public inspection.

Such marriage may be halted on protest by any person, until such time as the protest is investigated and either rejected or sustained.

Only authorised registered persons may perform marriages.

No church marriage shall take place after 6,30 pm or before 6 am.

AN ordinance controlling education in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony was recently gazetted. The main provision appears to be in laws controlling non-government schools, all of which must be registered and their controlling bodies and staffs approved, and the schools subject to Government inspection as to accommodation and curricula. 121 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY- * U G U S T , 1955

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Cable & Telegraphic Address: SUPERB, Sydney Samoans Again Urge Claim For Full Self-Government From Our Own Correspondent New Zealand must retain considerable responsibilities in Western Samoa for many years, in accordance with her commitments and duties under the United Nations Trusteeship Agreement, said the Minister of Island Territories (the Hon. T. L. Macdonald) when addressing a joint session of the Legislative Assembly and the Fono of Faipule at Apia on July 4.

WESTERN Samoa, the Minister continued, already possessed a considerable degree of selfgovernment, but for the achievement of full self-government much more training and experience would be required.

Much depended on the sincere efforts of the Samoan people themselves, Mr. Macdonald said.

New Zealand, whose friendship for the Samoan people was deep ind abiding, held Samoan welfare is its main concern, and the Dominion wanted only to ensure hat “the house of Samoa is built in a truly solid foundation.”

It was essential that the Samoan leople appreciate that New Zealand nust retain sufficient power and nitiative to discharge her reponsibilities, especially during the ransition period.

Western Samoa, the Minister dded, already had a considerable leasure of self-government brough the Legislative Assembly, r hich almost completely controlled le Government income and spenditure. The Assembly had an lected Samoan majority which puld be inceased under the igislation proposed by New ealand.

N the ensuing discussion at the joint meeting, the Hon.

Tamasese. a member of the ouncil of State, while thanking le New Zealand Government for •omoting and advancing the cause Samoan self-government, said tat the Samoan people believed lat they could take over the induct of government. Departental experts, he said, could ntinue to advise the political aders.

“Even now the Chief Executive is to rely on the advice of his ipartmental heads in matters quiring expert knowledge.” said e Hon. Tamasese. “This is also e case in Tonga, where key ecutive positions are held by men am overseas, but political power vested solely in the Tongan ople.”

With regard to educational alifications, the Hon. Tamasese inted out that in Great Britain d New Zealand no educational alifications are required from rliamentary candidates.

ELF-GOVERMENT, he said, : could be granted immediately, [ with safeguards such as the New Zealand power of veto and restriction on financial expenditure.

Only by actual experience, he added, could the Samoan people really develop their own government.

This view was supported by the Hon. Tualaulelei, who said that although the Legislative Assembly generally determined Government policy, that policy at present was often not fully carried out by the executive branch of the Government. He cited instances of departmental overspending as evidence of a lack of co-operation, and contended that if the Samoans had their own Cabinet and a greater voice in financial matters, irregularities could have been avoided.

A European elected member, the Hon. A. M. Gurau, said that in principle there was nearly complete agreement between the NZ Government’s views and those expressed by the Constitutional Convention, except on a clear indication of an early date for self-government.

Mr. Gurau claimed that “remote the Western Samoan Public Service from Wellington had not worked satisfactorily, and asked for the immediate granting of at least a voice in this control to the Samoan Government. This he added, had already been tentatively agreed to by the NZ Government The three speakers quoted were 123 ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— A U G U S T , 1955

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THE Minister promised to convey the views expressed to the Dominion Government for the fullest consideration, and said that a reply to the representations made would be sent to Apia. He added that the desire for rapid progress towards full self-government indicated a healthy political spirit, but that “sometimes, when gazing at the heights, one fails to see the pitfalls in the road.”

The Hon. Tamasese expressed confidence in the Minister’s willingness to help Samoa. He hoped that Mr. Macdonald would return and. perhaps, accept the title of a chief of Palauli, thus becoming an honorary citizen of Western Samoa.

The reference to the chiefly title was linked with a visit by the Ministerial party to the district of Palauli, in Savaii.

About 120 years ago, Mr.

Macdonald’s great - grandfather worked for the London Missionary Society in Palauli, and the Minister’s grandfather was born there.

THE people of Western Samoa believed that there was no other way at present than to appoint two Heads of State when they obtained self-government, said the special representative of New Zealand (Mr. G. R. Powles) in a statement to the UN Trusteeship Council at New York in July.

Explaining that the two men now occupied the office of Fautua (high chief) Mr. Powles said he thought most people in Samoa appreciated the practical objections to having “two captains to a ship.”

However, much thought had been given to the problem.

Mr. Powles added; “The success of any such arrangement must depend almost entirely on the personalities of the two. . . With these two, I think there is a very good possibility that the arrangement would work.”

Minister Almost Held Baby DIPLOMATIC difficulties seemed to loom when, at a meeting of the Rarotongan Island Council on July 18, the NZ Minister of Island Territories (Mr. T. L.

Macdonald) was ceremonially offered a baby for adoption.

Tinomana Ariki, speaking through Patu Uritaua, said that he had a baby son a few days old —and would the Minister please accept the child to commemorate the Ministerial visit to Rarotonga?

There was little doubt that the Minister felt he was in a spot, so to speak. But all was cleared up when the interpreter explained ths in accordance with Maori custoi it would be an honour for Tinomaii if the child were merely nami after the distinguished visitor.

Mr. Macdonald replied that it w\ he who was honoured by tl; gesture, and accordingly, on Ju 21, Tinomana registered his son Thomas Macdonald Tepai Tamato The Minister arrived at Aitutse on July 11, and the official pan travelled round the Cook Group the Charlotte Donald, arriving Rarotonga on July 16.

The Island Council meeting w; followed by a garden party at t; Residency.

The official party left for N«1 Zealand by plane on July 21.

TEAL Finances, 1954-55 COMMENTING on a report Tasman Empire Airways Lto finances which appeared in Jul PIM. p. 115, TEAL gives this claj fication of the situation for tt 1954-55 financial year: Loss on trans-Tasman Sole operations for first three mont was £Stg. 30,000.

Profit on DC6 operations in ne. nine months was £Stg.9o,ooo.

Loss on Coral Route for full ye was £Stg. 30,000.

TEAL considers this a very go result in the change-over year frr flying-boats to landplanes.

AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHI

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IriA \0 0^ (INCORPORATED IN NEW SOUTH WALES WITH LIMITED LIABILITY) A5447a Too Many Islanders Move to NZ MIGRATION to New Zealand from the Dominion’s island territories i s becoming a problem.

I In July, the Mayor of Auckland asked the Island Territories Department to deter Islanders from going to NZ to settle unless accommodation was available for them. - The Mayor (Mr. J. H. Luxford) said in a letter to the Minister (Mi’.

T. L. Macdonald) that most Islanders settled at Auckland, where there were now 1,560 in the City Council area. There should be close liaison between the department and the council on accommodation before permits to enter NZ were granted. ■ The Mayor’s action arose from a complaint by the housing inspector, who cited a case in which 18 Niue Islanders, including children, and two aged Europeans were living in five rooms and a kitchen. ■Earlier, while visiting Niue, the minister had urged the people to employ education for the improvement of their own island rather than as an aid to migration to the ■ominion. ■Business interests at Nukualofa •e-formed a Tonga Chamber of pommerce in June. None had jxisted for some years.

Wedding at Levuka Question of Working Conditions in NC 'From Our Own Correspondent) TRADES union headquarters at Noumea announced in July that negotiations with the employers’ organisation for the betterment of working conditions had broken down and that, in view of the employers’ refusal to discuss the five points in dispute, the only alternative was “direct action.”

The five points are: (1) No further racial discrimination; (2) 10 per cent, increase in pay; (3) 5 per cent, bonus for special classes of work; (4) Bonus of 1 per cent, of salaries for old employees; (5) 18 days’ paid holiday instead of 12 for those workers who are not free at week-ends.

The wedding of Miss Voi Chambers, of Fiji, and Mr. Joseph Smith, of Suva, ok place at the Levuka Methodist Church [?] April 9. The picture shows the bride [?] her bridesmaid, Miss Alice Bower. Mr. I. [?] iller Was . best man , Mr H Kiss groomsman, [?] Mrs . J. Raddock matron of honour. 125 A °IFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - AUGUST, 1955

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Cardinal Gilroy Ends Long Tour in Islands CORDIALLY welcomed by people of many races in Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, His Eminence Cardinal Gilroy, Archbishop of Sydney, left happy memories of his nonth’s Island tour when he •eturned to Australia on July 21.

The main purpose of Cardinal lilroy’s visit to Samoa was to ittend the 50th anniversary of the irdination of Bishop Joseph )arnand, retired Bishop of Samoa. |Bishop Darnand’s successor, Jishop John Baptist Dieter, who lad invited the Cardinal at attend he anniversary celebration, died Uddenly at Auckland when ferdinal Gilroy was travelling to lamoa, and the Roman Catholic ishopric of Samoa is now vacant. [Bishop Dieter’s body was flown I Samoa, and the funeral took lace on July 8 after an all-night igil at the Apia Cathedral, Mulivai, nd solemn requiem mass in the wrning. Thousands of mourners illowed the cortege to Moamoa. r[E retired bishop, the Most Rev. Dr. Joseph Darnand, SM, I went to Samoa as a missionary i 1905, the year of his ordination, s Titular Bishop of Polemon and icar Apostolic of Samoa, he was Ipsecrated in 1920 and adunistered his office for 34 years, iiring his term of office the umber of Catholics in Samoa icreased from 7,488 to 22,500, and prches and schools were opened i all parts of the Territory.

Cardinal Gilroy paid high ibutes to Bishop Dieter and ishop Darnand at a public jception in his honour at Apia, he reception was attended by atholics ard ncn-Cathollcs alike.

Earlier, the Cardinal had travelled in the Tofua from Suva to Tonga, arriving at Nukualofa on June 27.

He was met by Bishop Rodgers at the wharf, and drove through streets lined by hundreds of cheering children from the Catholic missions throughout Tonga.

Two extremely busy days were filled with visits, church ceremonies, Tongan feasts and other social gatherings.

ONE of the highlights of the visit to Fiji (July PIM, p. 89) was the Liturgical Reception at Suva on June 19, when the Sacred Heart Cathedral was filled to overflowing.

Guests at a laymen’s dinner at the Grand Pacific Hotel included the Acting Governor (Mr. A. F. R.

Stoddart), senior Government. officials and representatives of the Fiji Military Forces and the Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Speaking at the dinner, Cardinal Gilroy said that cordial relations, based on mutual respect, between Cardinal at Tonga His Eminence Cardinal Gilroy, Archbishop of Sydney (on right) with His Lordship Bishop Rodgers at Nukualofa during the Cardinal's two days' visit to Tonga at the end of June. As in Fiji and Samoa, Cardinal Gilroy was cordially welcomed by Catholics and non - Catholics at Nukualofa.

During his visit he stayed at Bishop's House. —Photo by Hettig. 127 ACI F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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The Church, he said, had obligation of providing for spiritual welfare of those to w] it ministered, while the State the obligation of providing for material welfare of the pec There was not the slightest res why there should be any con between the two.

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Preparations which had been made by Bishop c Dieter, Vicar Apostolic Samoa, for the celebration of Golden Jubilee of his retired decessor, Bishop Joseph Darn SM, were carried out to the 1< in July, despite the death of Bii Dieter, and at the late Bisl expressed wish.

Samoan Catholics held the Bishop in very high esteem —he considered one of the lea scholars of Samoan language custom—and were determined his body be brought back to Sa for burial.

Samoans at Auckland in a si night raised £3OO towards the of chartering an aircraft sending a priest and a San orator on the journey with late Bishop’s body.

A very large gathering Samoans paid their last respecl the interment.

A few days later, accordinj the original plan of the Bishop, religious from va] Catholic Pacific Missions, heade His Eminence Cardinal Gilroy : Sydney, gathered to celel Bishop Darnand’s jubilee.

It had then been intended Cardinal Gilroy would lead a g to visit the scene of martyrdoi St. Peter Chanel, first Cat martyr of the Pacific Islands, was created a Saint of the Ch last year.

The centre of celebrations then at Rome. For that and c reasons, including the difficult obtaining transport to Fu Island, the celebrations at the s of martyrdom were postponed this year.

However, it became impractu to charter a ship which had in view, and the return trip Apia to Futuna was a postponed until some later dat t Mangaia Island producers pressing for 15/- per case, on b( for pineapples. A representatn Fruit Distributors Ltd., of Wei ton, New Zealand’s citrus impp] organisation, have visited the is for discussions. 128 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTI

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Debate On New Guinea.

Un Produces Mild

CAUTIONARY

Tale For Trustee

After a debate that ranged at times from the fatuous to the illinformed, the U nited Nations Trusteeship Council at New York, on July 20, approved its annual re- , port on the Australian administra- I tion of New Guinea. The report might he described as a Cautionary Tale.

VOTING was 9-1. Russia voted against adoption of the report; Syria and Australia abstained.

Australian sources at UN head- , quarters said that the report was the most balanced yet offered by the council on the trust territory of New Guinea.

I The report expresses satisfaction that the area under administrative control or influence increased from 84,500 to 86,100 square miles in 1954 ■“through the Administration’s policy lof peaceful penetration.”

DURING the debate, the Indian representative continued what I seems to be a New Delhi minor cold war against Australia over the ■administration of both New Guinea and Nauru.

For example, Mr. Rikhi Jaipal said that since the approval of the ■trusteeship agreement there had been little achievement in the New Guinea political field.

I He said that not one indigenous L-community had evolved to the stage i where it could advise the Adminis- Itration in a responsible, democratic ; manner, and added that the administering authority’s many achievements paled in significance beside ithe fact that so much of the terri- Itory had yet to be explored.

THE Australian representative (Mr.

W. D. Forsyth) said: “I believe that our work of penetration of the wild -'land and peoples of New Guinea is without parallel in history. I know of no case where a territory o* comparable size and a population of comparable characteristics have been brought within the framework of civilised society with as little loss aru *. Practically speaking, without bloodshed. ‘We had to do this slowly, patiently. You would surely not |prefer that we had done it with the brutal rapidity of a military conquest!”

IT was fruitless to deplore the scarcity of people yet ready for higher forms of self-government said Mr. Forsyth. Time was essential, and patience was the only attitude that squared with the facts.

Australian authorities concerned Tahitians at Auckland These people from Tahiti were recently snapped at Auckland, where the women members of the group are now resident. Left to right: Mrs. Aurore Harvey, formerly Miss Thompson; Mrs. Liliane Boot, formerly Miss Walker; Mr. Charles Poroi, son of Papeete's Mayor; Mrs. Isabelle Muir, formerly Miss Walker; Mr. Muir; and two Harvey children 129 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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Study of Hands in Western Samoa have never resented criticism of our trusteeship administration where such criticism has paid due regard to the governing conditions in which our efforts have to be made £ furtherance of the objectives of «TTr rusteeshlp system,” he added.

We have sometimes reacted sharply against criticism which appeared to us to be exaggerated ana ill-balanced and having a tend- £cy discredit the administering authority and thus reduce its effectiveness.”

The Trusteeship Council’s report >tates that the council “notes with i&tisf action” the growth of existing julage councils, but it expresses concern at the reluctance of the i?P le in some areas to accept the esponsibility of local government.

THE council recommends that Australia should try to develop a sense of responsibility among ne more energetic and intelligent elements of the population particularly in the less advanced areas where no village councils exist.

It approves the Administration s programme for increasing the participation of the indigenous population in the economic life of the territory.

The report notes the large direct grants made by Australia (£18,000,000 since 1945) and that no direct taxes are levied, except those by village councils to cover local expenditures. (Continu«d on Page 132) The New Zealand Minister of Island Territories (the Hon. T. L. Macdonald) greeted by orators of the village of Falefa, Upolu, during a visit to Western Samoa. It is 41 years since troops from the Dominion occupied the islands at the outbreak of World War I.

Western Samoa, now United Nations trusteeship territory, is well on the way to ultimate full self-government. —Photo by D. E. Ross. 131 Pacific islands monthly august, 1955

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It expresses the hope that Au tralia will bear in mind the dl sirability of introducing dire* taxation at the earliest possit time.

The council maintains that all tpeople of the territory shou! according to their means, contribu directly towards the cost of its ai ministration.

The report repeats the counci previous recommendation that cc poral punishment be abolished.

BEFORE the adoption of the 11 port, the Soviet delegate fail in an attempt to alter the ai ministration of New Guinea.

Mr. Vasily Grubyakov called 1 the establishment of “separate leg: lative and administrative gover ments not subject to any neighboi ing colony.”

The resolution was lost 4-6. Ind Syria and El Salvador supported fl Soviet, Meanwhile, at Canberra, on Jt 14, the Indonesian Embassy stat that Indonesia’s dispute with t Netherlands over Netherlands N Guinea would continue, “proba with more intensity.”

Pacific Islands Society's Film Evening Members and guests of Sydney Pacific Islands Socii were entertained at the Jl meeting by interesting films s recorded Islands music, the p gramme having been filmed and corded by Mr. Norman K. Wa! who presented it with his c equipment.

The main film, The Green and Gold, had been filmed in colour.

Commonwealth New Guinea TimW Ltd. and covered an inspection t; of that organisation’s klinki-p plywood industry at Bulolo, K Guinea.

This plywood mill, as modem any in the Southern Hemisphere a vivid demonstration of the velopment that has taken place New Guinea since World War II Mr. Wallis’ tape recording Islands music had been made; the Solomons and New Guinea, ranged from the “Hawaiian”

“hillbilly” type of music that mi be heard at any of the main cent to the most primitive New Gui chants, with mission choir musid between.

Mr. Wallis is well known in Western Pacific, and especially the Solomons in his associat with Tenaru Timbers Ltd. there t Twenty years ago Fiji’s educaf vote was £55,000; this year it is m than £712,000. These figures r quoted by the Acting Dej; Director of Education (Mr.

McGrath) when he opened the s;< jubilee celebrations of the Rishl Indian School, Nasinu. 132 AUGUST, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONT HI

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India Holds Hand In Nauru Debate INDIA’S representative in the UN J Trusteeship Council did not i press the campaign for UN criticism of Australia s administration of Nauru (United Kingdom, Australian and New Zealand trust territory), and on July 17 the council adopted a report which ••noted with interest” the progress made at Nauru.

The report noted “with appreciation” that the search to find unpopulated and suitable areas where the Nauruans might eventually be resettled was continuing.

Australia was urged to pursue, with all possible vigour, the policy of fitting Nauruans to take more responsible positions in the phosphate-winning activities, and approval was given to plans for developing farming and fishing at the island.

The Indian delegate (Mr. Rikhi Jaipal) said that India reserved the right to raise the subject of liticism at the next meeting of the General Assembly.

UN Report on New Guinea; Page 129) Brighter Prospects For New Caledonia's Chrome From Our Own Correspondent.

NEW CALEDONIA hopes to sell at least 80,000 tons of chrome to the United States this year, and 21,000 tons were exported in the first five months.

Chrome exports in 1954 totalled 50,000 tons and in 1953 112,000 tons.

Cobalt extraction was abandoned in New Caledonia in 1914, but to-day two groups— one French and the other Canadian—are trying to nroduce cobalt on a paying basis.

The Mining Bureau is supporting prospecting for manganese.

In fact, it can be said that New Caledonia is almost literally leaving no stone unturned in its mining expansion policy. t General de Gaulle’s famous appeal to Frenchmen from London after the disasters of 1940 was commemorated by a simple ceremony at Noumea on June 18. The Governor of New Caledonia (M. Rene Hoffherr) placed a wreath at the war memorial in the presence of Army and Navy officers and members of the returned servicemen’s associations. As a post-war political figure, General de Gaulle has lost much of his glamour, but his words, “France has lost a battle but not the war,” are well remembered.

Skymaster Service Back at Lae QANTAS resumed flying Skymaster aircraft direct to Lae from Sydney on August 2 Flights terminate at Lae on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, departing again on the same days, with the exception of Fridays, when an overnight stop is made.

To clear accumulations of cargo from the south, special flights will also be made as required.

Soon there will be nine Skymasters flying in every fortnight, four in one week and five in the next.

A tenth flight will take cargo only as far as Port Moresby, en route to Singapore. t Queen Salote’s £l,OOO clock for the Royal Chapel at Nukualofa was shipped from England at the end of May, complete with Westminster chames of half-ton bells. The Derby makers have also sent sheets of instructions, diagrams and photographs so that the clock and chimes can be installed by Tongan technicians. 133 A CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Lave Of Tonga

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Bout In Britain

KITIONE LAVE, the Tongan heavyweight boxer, lost his first fight in Britain when, on July 25, Johnny Williams, former British champion, won by a technical knockout after only 1 min. 55 sec. of the first round had been fought at Birmingham.

It was a non-title bout, scheduled for 10 rounds.

Lave started well, but the referee stopped the fight when the Tongan had been left dazed by a terrific right-hander to his chin. Lave took a count of four.

Lave, whose manager is Bruce Woodcock, another British heavyweight exhampion arrived in London in June in joest of Don Cockell’s British Empire itle. Still only 21. he won 35 of his 37 Ights in New Zealand and Australia.

FIJIAN light - heavyweight champion * Laitia Vakaduadua outpointed the Victorian middleweight outpointed the ’ompei. at Auckland on June 13.

The “New Zealand Herald” reported: ‘Scaling 11 st. 11 lb, Pompei had to give way !» lb to the accomplished Fijian, who ought the last SV2 rounds one-handed ifter his left hand had been injured, •ompei took gruelling punishment in the oiddle stages. He finished strongly but icptly against Laitia’s clever defence”.

In a preliminary to this Auckland fight, irt Kirkham (Australia) 12 st. 3 lb. nocked out Clark Burn (Samoa) 11 st. » lb, in the sixth round of a dreary const scheduled for 10 rounds. The Samoan r as listless and the decision was accomanied by a shower of pennies from disruntled spectators.

At Hastings, New Zealand, Fijian heavyeight Joveci Bau outpointed Samoan eler Schmidt on June !), and in July cored a technical knockout win over Bother Samoan, Bob Schuster.

MEANWHILE New Caledonia is em- P phatically disdainful of the quality nAustralian boxers who have appeared iere.

“Various Australian pugs have landed ere purporting to be champions of this, rat and the other thing, only to be >wned in their first contests with local •Mrs, most of whom are New Caledonian rtives or part-natives,” reports a PIIVI at Noumea.

"Not long ago a champion of something [ other in Australia arrived with a flood | publicity and was floored by a native •Mr in the first round of his first fight.

P referee stopped the bout in the third Bnd, “A very poor opinion is held locally of istralian boxers.”

AIo Leilani, of Pago Pago, who claims to be the first Eastern »oan professional to succeed overseas, « the Italian Frank Marconi at Brisne in July, and later beat Frenchman ancois Miquet at Sydney, eilam, 6 ft. tall and weighing 16 st. has had six years’ professional est lmg in the United States.

New Caledonian Soccer Team Visits Tahiti Early Start for Suva's New Cigarette Industry From Our Own Correspondent THE Fiji Tobacco Co., whose factory at Walu Bay, Suva’s new industrial area, is nearing completion, will start the manufacture of cigarettes towards the end of August.

Local workers will be employed, but the tobacco and all other materials will be imported.

It is expected that the local cigarette will be cheaper than the imported product—a point which is likely to ensure a market in a country where a majority of the wage-earners usually find a gap between wages and the cost of living.

Many Fijians, both men and women, smoke the saluka, made of carefully-selected dried banana leaves, but they often prefer a “tailor-made” if they can afford it.

U Mr. R. E. Shaw, FRCS, formerly of Kenya, has taken up an appointment with the Medical Department, Fiji.

Cattle Thrive On Pineapples THE closing down of the pineapple canning industry in Fiji, and talk of establishing a pineapple cannery in the Cooks, give interest to a Brisbane report in early August.

The despatch stated that an 18month-old steer, fed principally on pineapple waste, had a dressed weight of 720 lb.

The animal’s development on this diet was considered phenomenal by cattle experts.

The steer was by a Santa Gertrudis bull from a Shorthorn cow. The carcase was described as “almost perfect in conformation, colour, and finish” and was the piece-de-resistance of a Santa Gertrudis Dinner given at Brisbane by Sir Rupert Clarke, managing director of the King Ranch (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., which has fostered the breed in the South Pacific region. t The next meeting of Fiji’s Legislative Council will be opened at Suva on September 2.

New Caledonia soccer players and three officials, a party of 20 in all, flew from Noumea to Papeete in Jly. The Tahitians won the first match 3-1.

The 5,000 spectators paid 325,000 francs.

The second match resulted in a draw, 1-1.

At basketball, the Tahitians won, 63-21. —Photo by F. Dunn. 135 a CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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DOUBTS about the early appearance of Americ passenger liners on reg' service in the South Pacific crop up at Washington in July.

On July 29, however, the Mai Line announced at Sydney that 14,000-tonners would be on California-Australia run in tim bring Americans to Australia the 1956 Olympic Games.

It was said tjhat the Un States Government had agreec pay part of the 47,000,000 do! (£A21,000,000) required because ships “will be serving an esser foreign trade route.”

Between them the liners w make 15 round trips a year.

Earlier, at Washington, Randolph Sevier, president of Matson Navigation Co. and subsidiary, the Oceanic Steam Co., had told the House of Re sentatives Merchant Marine C mittee that he was “very hesit to put 15,000,000 dollars into two proposed new passenger li for the South Pacific route bee of maritime labour unrest in United States.

Still earlier it had been repc that Matson’s proposed conve: of two Mariner-type freighter into liners that would each c 370 passengers and a crew of was “hanging in the balance.”

The ships are the Free £ Mariner and Pine Tree Marine IN July the sale of the shiß Matson by the United S Government was attache* the Senate by Senator Williams (Delaware).

Senator Williams described! deal as “fantastic.”

“Two ships about two years which cost more than 17,50 dollars, were sold for 10,00 dollars,” he said.

“Now, 30 days later, we are asked to give the buyers 11,3 c dollars in cash towards impr: these same ships and making suitable for passenger service..

“As if that is not enought proposal is that the taxp: subsidise their operations for next 10 years.”

A Matson spokesman said that the 11,300,000 dollars won to shipyards, and not to theE for converting the vessels.

IN June, Mr. Sevier said press statement that in of the substantial amou:i private capital involved me proposed programmes, the mat ment and directors of the; 136 AUGUST, 19 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONT

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Box 2622, G.P.0., Sydney corporations were concerned “with factors that might render the services unprofitable or impracticable.”

The Matson ships will compete with the post-war British Orient liners, which, after careful experimenting, have found the Pacific extension of the England- Australia service to be both popular and profitable.

BEFORE the war, Matson competed with the Canadian- Australasian Line’s Vancouver- Sydney service. Matson linked San Francisco, Los Angeles, Honolulu, Pago Pago, Suva, Auckland and Sydney, while the British line covered Vancouver, Honolulu, Suva, Auckland and Sydney.

Until October, 1936, the Union Royal Mail Line served San Francisco, Papeete, Rarotonga, Wellington and Sydney, but this line expired with a British withdrawal due largely, it was claimed, to the competition of the newer, Washington-subsidised Monterey and Mariposa, which were much more luxurious than the venerable Makura and Maunganui, of the Ibion fleet. |The folding-up of the Union Royal Mail Line left Tahiti high and dry. Strenuous efforts were made to lure the Matson ships to Papeete, but without avail. And thereby hangs a tale.

IN December, 1936, PlM’s Papeete correspondent recalled that in the early 1900’s a Matson shin had regularly sailed from San Francisco for a four-day call at Papeete. Then the Union Royal Mail Line was established, and the arrival of the first through Union ship was signalised by the return to California of the Matson ship in ballast.

Whereupon the Matson (Oceanic) president, Mr. Spreckels, withdrew the ship and, it is alleged, swore that as long as his line remained in service no ship under its flag would ever again call at Tahiti.

This story was strenuously revived when, in 1936. Matson rejected Papeete’s application.

The ban was presumably lifted when Papeete was included in the new Matson ships’ itinerary.

Mr. Warren Bean, a representative of Matson-Oceanic Lines, was in Tahiti in July carrying out further discussions there in connection with the resumption of the Matson trans-Pacific service late next year and with the construction of a hotel in the interim.

With Mr. Bean was Mr. Frank C.

Kugelberg, for many years associated with Tahiti business interests, who was taking movie shots of the island for publicity use in the United States. *1 Mr. T. L. Macdonald, NZ Minister of Island Territories, became the first Cabinet Minister to visit the remote Tokelau Group when he made a flying-boat visit to the islands from Samoa in July. 137 * C 1 F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Deaths Of Islands People

MR. J. J. McHUGH Mr. James Joseph McHugh, a former Government Printer, Fiji, died at Suva on July 3.

Born at Sydney in 1873, Mr.

McHugh went to Suva in 1905 as a machinist in the Government Printing Office. He became Government Printer in 1928 and retired in 1936.

A prominent Presbyterian, Mr.

McHugh worked on the Kirk Session for 46 years and was Session Clerk for about 35 years.

For many years he was choirmaster and Sunday School Superintendent at St. Andrew’s, Suva.

In 1908, he married Miss Winifred Small, elder daughter of the Rev.

A. J. Small and Mrs. Small, of the Methodist Mission. He is survived by his wife and five children —Mr.

Lyall McHugh, of Perth, WA, Mrs.

D. Cole, of NZ, Mr. Arthur McHugh, of Goulburn, NSW, Mrs. Stewart, of Auckland, and Mrs. F. Smith, of Suva.

Canon Jennings

Widely known and respected in Papua and New Guinea, Canon fcnnings, of the Anglican Mission at Dogura, died at Melbourne late in July at the age of 68.

K Canon Jennings was principal of St. Aidan’s College, Dogura, for 18 years, and he had been Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of New Guinea since 1939. He was made a canon in 1947.

I After 37 years’ work in the mission field, Canon Jennings died while undergoing treatment for an illness which had compelled his return to Australia.

I MRS BRIDE MINOGUE, ' Mrs. Bride Minogue, wife of Mr.

A. N. Minogue, late of the Papuan Civil Service, died at Adelaide on July 31. She was on a visit to attend the christening of their first grandchild, Richard John, son of Mr. and Mrs. Jon Minogue, of Bulolo, where the father is Assistant Mining Engineer with the Bulolo Gold Dredging Co.

Mrs. Minogue became ill on the journey from Sydney to Adelaide and had to be taken straight to hospital on her arrival. She died without seeing her new grandson.

Mr. O. Michael

The death occurred suddenly at Navua Hotel, Fiji, in July, of Mr. O.

Michael, member of a well-known family in the Sigatoka district. Mr.

Michael had not been in good health for some time.

For many years Mr. Michael and his family ran a cutter up and down the coast from Suva to Sigatoka, hid for a time conducted a butchery business at Suva.

Recently he had been engaged in banana buying until he took over -he management of the Navua Hotel.

MR. E. S. RUTHVEN The death of a well known Fiji man, Mr. E. S. Ruthven, occurred at his home, Malaqereqere, Sigatoka, on July 18.

Mr. Ruthven was a Boer War veteran, serving with the Imperial Light Horse, and went to Fiji for the CSR Company in 1904. He was first stationed on the Ba River, and later was officer-in-charge at Tavua when that area was opened for cane.

He was then sent to Naidira Estate at Singatoka, and later became manager in the Sigatoka district.

He acquired land and resigned from the company in 1920, cultivating cane and potatoes on a large scale in the upper part of the fertile Sigatoka Valley. In 1929 he leased the Shamrock Hotel at Lautoka from Mr. Pat Costello.

He opened Leylands Butchery at Suva, putting a partner in to run the business, and was also for many years agent in Fiji and the South Pacific Islands for John Walker and Sons Ltd.

A keen sportsman, Mr. Ruthven owned many horses in the days when racing was a prominent sport in Fiji and formed the first racing club at Sigatoka.

There are two brothers—Mr. John Ruthven, formerly general manager in Australia for John Walker and Sons, Ltd., and Mr. Victor Ruthven, of Navua. Two sisters live in Australia, MR. A. H. MARTIN Mr. Albert Horatio Martin, who died in July, at Sydney, at the age of 86, was born at Nelson, New Zealand, went to Fiji in 1913 and worked at the Grand Pacific Hotel, Suva, during its last stages of construction.

For several years he was Suva Town Overseer, and later worked as an architect. He retired in 1942.

Mr. Martin is survived by a son, Mr. Gordon Martin, of Suva, and two married daughters.

MR. H. G. ROUTLEY Mr. H. G. Routley, a former Papua-New Guinea patrol officer, was killed in a motor accident at Perth in July.

He served about four years in the Territory Administration, and was patrol officer in the Abau district before his return to Australia in 1951.

Mr. Routley was studying in his final year of law, after which he intended to return to the Territory.

Mr. K. Kruger

Mr. Kenneth Kruger, a young missionary of the Christian Assemblies of Australia, died at the Port Moresby European Hospital on July 30.

He is believed to have received a snakebite while hunting in thick bush country near Rigo.

Pro-Cathedral At Port

MORESBY From Our Own Correspondent ST. John’s Anglican Church, Port Moresby, is now a pro-cathedral, and the Rector (the Rev. H.

Randall) has been appointed the first residentiary canon.

Canon Randall has explained that the Mother Church of the Diocese of New Guinea is at Dogura. The Bishop (the Rt. Rev.

P. N. W. Strong) now has seats at Dogura and Port Moresby.

The inauguration ceremonies at St. John’s will be held in the near future.

It is hoped that the foundation of Port Moresby’s new cathedral will be laid at the end of this year. 139 Pa cific islands monthly august, 1955

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QANTAS announced at Sydnu in mid-August that the No Zealand Government was undeE stood to have requested Tasms Empire Airways Ltd. to take ov\ the Norfolk Island-Auckland seE vices.

Qantas, which operates a fori nightly service from Sydney Norfolk, had in turn received a n quest from TEAL to operate tl; Norfolk-Auckland sector on charter basis with DC4 aircrai weekly. It had been intended start this service on September I but a slightly later date appears likely.

Norfolk Island will therefore hai a better air connection with boc Sydney and Auckland. The largi cargo capacity of the DC4 airers will be important to the Norfo fresh vegetable exporters.

Reasons given for NAC’s witd drawal were: The imposition landing charges; reduction of pai load due to more stringent s regulations and withdrawal of tl radio-range navigational facilitd by the Australian Civil Aviatii authorities.

Inquiries from Civil Aviatii authorities at Sydney shed a litl more light.

The landing charges mention! referred almost certainly Auckland and not to Norfolk, system of landing charges w recently established throughoj New Zealand.

Reduction of payload did ap;c at the Norfolk end, howev following the tightening of regulations by Australia, partly the result of complaints by 1 air pilots’ association.

The Civil Aviation authorities* Australia had been in consultatd with NAC in regard to the radb range facilities at Norfolk, andfc was incorrect to say that they M been withdrawn, the authorbi stated.

Air Connection for Pago Pago PAN American Airways has ceived US Civil Aeronaut Bureau approval to start fori with a “non-scheduled” senr through Pago Pago, Eastern Samr At the same time it has bd announced that Samoa Airlines had its franchise to operate an t line in that area withdrawn—n sumably through lack of finance Small improvements are be< made to Tafuna Airfield.

PAA may include Pago Pagoo its trans-Pacific service “ad monthly” or, alternatively, it rt operate a shuttle service from M “about monthly.” The CAB approi is expected to be taken advantfi of almost immediately. 140 august, 1.55-pacific islands months

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Rabaul Problem

Gaol Terms for Village Tax-Defaulters From Our Own Correspondent SIXTY-FIVE villagers from the Reimber Village Council area near Rabaul have been serving gaol terms for refusing to pay their jannual Council tax of £4. ■ Twelve men of Rakunai, a village in the Reimber Council area, were sentenced on June 27 to one month’s Imprisonment, and another 23 were sentenced on July 6. ■ On July 22 a further 25—16 women and nine men—were sentenced. Some were from Rakunai and a few came from feakundakunda, a nearby hamlet.

I Fourteen other Rakunai men have been gaoled for two months for trying to prevent the arrest of 4he first batch of 12 sentenced for tax evasion.

AN Administration officer in daily contact with Native Village Council business has istimated that 60 per cent, of Ihose eligible for taxation at Rakunai were opposed to paying taxes. Proportionately, of course, these comprise a fragmentary percentage of the 36,000 people under the Council scheme.

Rakunai is to some extent removed from the influences which are rapidly educating villagers to a realisation of their own status as individuals, and, compared with other centres, it has a larger proportion of people who are easily led by irresponsibles. The lack of law and order which characterised the Japanese occupation seems to have left its mark on the mentality of many in the village.

The tax-defaulters ignored the advice of missionaries.

The Village Council system, introduced within the last four years by the Adminstration in the interests of the people themselves, has already paid dividends in economic and social improvement.

Administrative costs of the system are kept low by Government edict, and all taxation revenue has benefited the taxpayers by way of schools, medical aid posts, cocoa fermenteries, better roads and improved social services.

A continuous audit of accounts is maintained, and there has been only one instance of defalcation— a matter of £6 drawn and withheld, for which the person responsible was gaoled for six months.

COUNCILS are elected by the people under their jurisdiction, and tax rates have to be agreed to by a majority of not less than 75 per cent, of the Councillors Tax exemptions are granted to those to whom payment would be a hardship. Appeals against refusal of exemption are heard by the District Commissioner.

Men pay £4 a year and women £l. The average income of the Councils is about £1 a head. For more than 5,000 men, women and children in the Reimber Village Council area, the intake in taxation is just over £5,000.

In 1951 the Reimber-Vunamami- Rabaul Village Council received £8,015 in taxes. In 1954, with the addition of Livuan and Vunadidir to the Council system, the income was £36,166.

There is no real poverty in the area. In 1953, income earned by men of the district in wharf work and in hiring lorries for carrying ships’ cargoes was more than £60,000 from one Rabaul firm alone.

Another firm paid out even more.

In six months of 1954 more than £16,000 was spent by villagers on new lorries.

Further, villagers’ houses cost only man-hours and energy, and gardens provide foodstuffs in abundance. For a majority, money earned is a provider of nonessentials. 141 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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B The only friendly place T have ■found in these formerly British oksian-African countries is Ceylon— [they still seem to like us there. But, in a wander around Colombo, extending over many hours, I did not once see the Union Jack.

She Quoted Kipling I This changing East! I sat on the Seek of a ship between Sydney and Indonesia, and carelessly watched the wooing of a very pretty Chinese girl (returning to Borneo after four tears at an Australian University) IF a smitten young Englishman. The eternal feminine obviously enjoyed her conquest—but I was startled when she handed him Kipling’s fines— I “East is East and West is West I And never the twain shall meet —”

I After that, she and I had a long that about the risks and frequent Bisaster of Asia n-European marriages.

I Fascinating, these slim, educated, plain-spoken Chinese girls one now meets everywhere around Southeast Mia. I think they may have a Considerable influence on the Chinese faen and affairs of the future, lereabouts. pTiger Balm Influence In Art |But I saw East and West meet ind mingle in Singapore Island, in I rrmst extaordinary product of frtistic faith, fathered by a wellfaeaning Chinese millionaire.

I You may not have heard of Aw Boon Haw, but you surely have jeard of Tiger Salve. Aw Boon Haw fatroduced the ointment to Asia; ind countless millions of Asians, for fecades, have used “Tiger Balm” for berything, from cut fingers to Slight starvation. Consequently, Aw Boon Haw made many, many billions of pounds out of the conloction. He invested in everything Rand and buildings, chain stores, steamship lines, newspapers—you lee his “Tiger” sign throughout southeast Asia. [Among his many philanthropies, le gave to Singapore and to Hongkong a “Tiger Balm Garden,” a und of rhapsody in cement.

I Chinese lore abounds in fairy lories. f In the “Tiger Balm Gardens,” in saves and grottoes artificially conducted, there are scores of groups, rom dainty ladies to simian boosters artistically shaped and most gloriously coloured in Chinese fashion with paints and lacquers, which illustrate the ancient legends —but frequently in Western style.

Old Aw Boon Haw must have endowed these gardens very richly, because there is no admission charge, and a team of experts is engaged constantly in renewing and refurbishing. It is like the Sydney Bridge—the job takes a year and then they start all over again.

The colours are worth travelling miles to see—but the mixture of East and West is at times very horrible.

In another corner of Singapore I was shown two lovely bungalows, surrounded by palms and green lawns —and each decorated with the Tiger” trade-mark. One wife of the late Aw Boon Haw lives in one, with the East’s most famous collection of jade (open for public inspection at any time), and two more wives live in the other. 30 Young Ladies For Singapore New Guinea must not imagine that it is getting all Australia’s best-looking exportable dairy cattle.

On the ship on which I travelled north there were 30 young Jerseys for Singapore. At least, there were when we started—but before long there were 31—a resentful young engine-room employee was given a midwifery job, and the task of 143 PACIFIC ISLANDS monthly AUGUST, 1955 From East to West (Continued from Page 23)

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We travelled on A deck and t'.: heifers were on B deck, immeo ately below. We all enjoyed gres comfort—the Jerseys never stoppc eating. But they were embarrassin at times. Often, our happy pan had no sooner settled down to pn dinner drinks, than an ammoniat) wave of cowbyre exuberance wouj come sweeping over us—just to n mind us that, at bottom, life very real and earnest.

Jakarta Contrasts Ever heard of the Harmony CII of Batavia —the famous old Duti Club with the white marble flooc laid down over 200 years ago?

Well, the measure of Indonesiu change is that the Harmony CU now is called the Jakarta CliJ and a huge oil painting of Preside (and Rabble-Rouser) Soekan hangs over the reception des This club once was world-famo because, for over 50 years, night day, it never closed its doors. B that era ended in 1942.

The dinners which the hospital Dutch and their lucky guests en:. in the Harmony Club on Frio nights are famous. But I thi. some of them go in the back way,, avoid the sight of that decorati; over the reception desk.

I never shall forget a glimpse got one night of the Palace President Soekarno, facing t main square in the New section j Jakarta. The building seemed be wide open to show scores powerful electric chandelie. evidently backed by huge mirron a determinedly impressive scene £ Oriental splendour.

But all the main streets arou are without lights. There is. enough electric power available -£ meet common needs, under tt new Indonesian regime.

Once, this square and the stre around had Dutch names, s were decorated with the statuess famous Dutchmen. After all, Dutch built Batavia. But now* is called Jakarta, and the statf have been thrown into the canr and the thoroughfares have Inr nesian names.

Singapore, built by the Briti while the Dutch built Batavia, s quivering now under an erupts nationalism (Chinese!), stan glumly south across the Java S at the scene in Jakarta. (Sinn pore’s main thoroughfares still hr English names, and the prevail! statues mostly still are English;x t Lady Garvey’s gift parcels frl for the Fijian soldiers in Mall provided two tons of yaqona (ka£ for the troops in July. Yaqo{ which has been despatched regulsi by the gift committee, has proa to be the most welcome, and, indd the most essential of all comfd for the men overseas. The tons will keep the Battalion go until it returns to Fiji in 1956.8 144 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH?

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Phone PRINTERS, stationers, systematises „ 8L3211 88 PITT ST.. SYDNEY. policy in War 11, it has risen clean and neat and lovely to behold. iThree fine commercial houses stand near the wharf: Buntings, BP and Steamships Trading Co.—all new modern buildings with lavish stocks.

I There is a fairly prosperous backpound to the Samarai district: coconuts, rubber, gold. To me lamarai seems to be the one unalterable South Seas spot in the Krhole of the Territory. rHE Port of Lae. Wharf and roads quite excellent —that is, I the roads from wharf to town l-both parts, uphill and down. For he old Lae-Namanula area has bebme a popular port. Town-planners ippear to have interests in oil comlanies or motor transport! Points I importance are far distant, reluring taxis or cars of some deception. (This is a facetious remark, in case it may be misunderfood by humourless town-planners.) [The old military roads are still Itant; many old army-type build- Igs prevail; administrative buddies are dull and sunless; much fergrowth, beautiful as it may be I spots, gives the town an unare d-for appearance. But the pnosphere, generally, is friendly bci congenial. r-E pretty harbour of Madang remains unaltered. Beyond a k doubt it is the most beautiful of .1 ports, with its surrounding tends, its waving coconuts and teenness. fr’he tall, old trees along the roadays still send some creepers down I earth, and little change was [ticeable in the general terrain. [Madang did not suffer overmuch ping the war. New stores and sw buildings are mostly on the old tes.

I loved every moment in Madang. ae scenery and the people were mmiscent of the good old days.

Here there seems, more than in iy other place, a spirit of team- )rk, and here I heard many com- Imentary remarks about the Bistant Administrator (Mr. Wil- ?'• There seemed to be fewer ips on shoulders, which was good [see. Perhaps it was because ey were an entity on their own; [petty jealousies, and with the owledge they had a prosperous Iterland that gave them economic Surance, plus their own wellping plantations. [ shall be glad when I hear that I Coastwatchers’ Memorial Light S , b S ei ] erected and something deluded about the. RSL Clubfise.

V our northern bastion at Manus [‘Lnf lve wri tten elsewhere (page L +2,; Admittedly, my story is wt. There may be many aspects pur northern naval base which missed my attention; if so, they were kept from me—and perhaps quite wisely.

But it does seem that this muchdisputed barrier to northern aggression—if it ever develops— lacks much to give confidence to the Australian people who are, or should be, vitally interested in this portion of Commonwealth defence.

I will leave it at that, with the hope that the debacle of Rabaul in 1942 is not repeated. That was an unhappy page in Australia’s history.

COMING up alongside the partlycompleted cement wharf at Rabaul gave one the feeling of stability, somehow.

Wide, unbuilt-on spaces nearby suggested sites for future wharf buildings, and it is to be hoped they will be sufficient to cope with bonded cargo—which appears to be a present-day problem in most of the ports of the Territory.

I was simply amazed at the teeming masses of people: Europeans, Chinese, natives. Cars and buses; lorries and utilities were everywhere and owned by every colour. Rabaul appeared to be on top of a wave of prosperity—a true prosperity, too.

Buildings were rising on almost every vacant block, and in the town proper there were more shops, stores and offices than ever before.

The old beauty had vanished: some of the trees along the streets still remained, but the buildings were unimaginative, merely houses where before they had been homes.

Offices were often dull and drab.

The large stores certainly were worthy of favourable comment.

They held an air of permanence about them.

Chinatown No. 1 was much as of pre-war vintage; Chinatown No. 2 (in Matupi Farm) was a collection of hovel s—but an emergency measure only, and I hope it will be remedied soon.

The Bung (or Native Market) was a huge affair on Saturday morning—four or five times its old size when it was situated down on Kamarere Street. Now it is in a portion of the old Botanic Gardens.

Roads leading out of Rabaul are much the same as in pre-war years: corrugations are rife on the beach road to Kokopo; the top road gives fine travel, no corrugations and some wonderful panoramic views of the harbour.

Providing Matupi doesn’t blow her top I can see no reason at all why Rabaul does not again take her place as the busiest seaport in the South Seas and, with a little imagination of her town-planners of the future, become the most beautiful: always providing she gets a just share of the annual allocation for public buildings and services.

Did I note a difference in Rabaul?

This was the 64-dollar question put to me. Considering that Rabaul was a mass of rubble, shell-holes and dug-outs when I left in 1945 well, I ask you! t Denver Museum of Natural History has recently issued a wellillustrated Museum Pictorial (No. 10) on the birds of Canton Island, written by Robert Cushman Murphy.

The 78-page bulletin also contains much other useful background information on the island. 145 [CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955 Ten Years of Drastic Changes in PNG (Continued from Page 27)

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For Pacific Radio Amateurs

Conducted by Ex ZK-1-AC/YR-2-AK The Australian Postmaster-General announced te allocated television channels to be used I Sydney and Melbourne stations when broadjsts commence possibly late next year. As eak reception of London has been made as fe away as Cape Town, some Islands Hams •e likely to be on the look-out for Sydney Btions. Sydney and Melbourne national pticns, one in each centre, will use Channel I 2, 63-70 mc/s. One commercial station i each centre will use Channel No. 7, 181- 18 mc/s, and another commercial station in ich centre will use Chanel No. 9, 195-202 t/s There will thus be six stations in the rly stages.

Other channels allocated for Australia are: l. 1, 49-56 mc/s; No. 3, 85-92 mc/s; No. 4, 2-139 mc/s; No. 5, 139-146 mc/s ; No. 6, 4-181 mc/s; No. 8, 188-195 mc/s, No. 10, 9-216 mc/s.

Other VHF news: As from November 1 a W 56-60 mc/s Ham band will be available [VK's, and the 50-54 mc/s band will be Ihdrawn from Ham use as from the end 11955.

Inolher item of general interest was an houncement from New Zealand some time [ languages additional to English and lori will now be permitted in Ham comhications not that many ZL's can take nntage of the new concession! It will inly interest "new New Zealanders" who have acquired a licence, and possibly Samoan Hams, of whom there have so far been none licensed, other than Europeans.

Twenty-five of the 32 licensed New Guinea Hams were planning to actively take part in the annual VK Remembrance Day Contest on August 13-14. Some were intending to spend the full 24 hours at the controls.

A RIM New Guinea non-Ham correspondent, reporting this, says also that the recently formed Junior Radio Club of Wau has now been given a Ham licence—but he did not say what call has been allocated. He did say, however, that first night on the air the station hooked Mauritius.

Pitcairn has definitely come to life again.

Floyd-VR6AC has been reported on 14,143 kc/s around 0200 Z.

There's a new man at Fanning Island, Dean Laws, of the Cable Station staff. Incidentally, Phil Palmer—Vß3C, enroute from Fanning to Sydney via the Solomons in the new "Tulagi", with his family, was expected at VK2 late August.

Doug-ZK-l-AB, in ZL recently for medical attention, returned home to Rarotonga in July aboard a RNZAF Hastings. The transport aircraft went north to carry the Island Territones Minister and party back to New Zealand.

Since it was recently indicated that this column might have to be abandoned to at least a quarterly feature, there have been some indications that some Hams wish it to continue. Fate of the column is in the hands of Island Hams. We particularly ask for photos of groups or of individual Islands Hams and of news of departures and new arrivals—items which are of general interest everywhere.

Reight Rates Up

On Pacific Routes

ANDED costs of goods delivered I from Australia, New Zealand, [and North America, to islands only east of New Caledonia, will [increased on September 1.

Unes of the Australia, New Zea- Id, and South Sea Islands pific Coast Conference announced fly in August that a 10 per cent, lease in freights to points served ithem would be effective from it date. [he lines involved are W R toenter Overseas Shipping Ltd.

I kemha and Suva ), the Oceanic pmship Co., the Orient Line, the Pnc Australia Direct Line, and [Union Steam Ship Co. plough Pacific Island Transport les Sydney agents had received [Word, it appeared probable that [company’s freights would also piected. The company’s vessels [Carpenter & Co.’s, work as far it as New Guinea.

BGD Production RODUCTION figures released by Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd., snow that for the quarter ended (May 31, 2,722,500 yards were pged compared with 3,035,720 in [corresponding quarter of 1954 £o£ old rec °vered was 14,373 oz 334 i . dollars an ounce I 503,055 dollars (466,690). fi £ h6d 2 ’ 245 tons Of MOP and trochus shell in 1954 The industry employed 1.539 men. The MOP yield was 1.114 tons (1953, k 14 3« *° n s > worth £643,200 (£658,397)—an average price a ton of £577 (£576)). Trochus totalled 1,131 tons (1,001 tons) worth £241,589 (£146,825). Average trochus price a ton was £213 (£146.7). 147 ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST. 1955

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Geophysical Year

Odd Goings-on In Outlandish Place ISLANDS people have heard i ference over the air to the I national Geophysical Year, as a lot more will be heard on t: subject between now and July' 1957, when the “year” starts. It end on December 31, 1958.

The International Geophysii Year is a period of research ii natural phenomena, especially ii. the effects of radiations from 1 sun and other sources of “out space.”

Renamed, it is a successor to 1 International Polar Years of 188? and 1932-3.

This time the research pen takes place at or near the “suns? maximum”—a period when mysterious outbursts of gas s radiation from the sun occur w/ greatest frequency and violence.

This maximum takes place ab( every 11 years. Its arrival heralded by greatly improved sho wave radio reception, which is matter of particular interest people living in the Islands, that is only one of the more evidl effects.

THE work will not be concentraE entirely in polar regions.

Three “bands” of longitude hr been set as areas of special effl One of these, at 140 degrees es passes through Australia, M Guinea, and Micronesia.

In addition, there is likely toe special work undertaken at established research stations like ; Apia Observatory, and the Rs. tonga ionisphere research static The 40 countries co-operating carry out research into meteoroid the ionisphere, geomagnetid auroral displays, cosmic n oceanography, seismology, and gll ology. A considerable amount J research work involving rode which will carry instruments c great heights will be a featf especially in the United States..

There will be three World □ each month —two at new moon one near the quarter-moon.

There will be six World Mete*e logical Intervals of ten days ee one in each period of three mor( near the equinox or solstice.

There will be special A Periods, when warning will! passed to all observers of any expected phenomena—for exan, magnetic storms (violent sunspp< This is going to be a perioo< great interest to science— Islands people need not take co if groups of aloof men, loaded t strange black boxes, suddenly aru and set up shop in outlann places.

It will be merely another sympq of the Atomic Age. 148 AUGUST, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONT HH

JUST OUT

The Manufacture Of

COPRA IN

The Pacific Islands

By W. V. D. PIERIS M.A., Dip.Agric. {Cantab.), B.Sc. {Lond.), F.L.S.

Pacific planters will find this expert report on copra making of great practical value. The author, formerly Director of the Ceylon Coconut Research Institute was engaged by the South Pacific Commission to make a survey of the main copra-producing territories of the South rvnti*? ow P ublished b Y the Commission, contains his observations and findings on copra manufacture in the region.

CHAPTER HEADINGS: Tfi^ronr^ 1 n?£r mat 11 V y hy Produce Copra of Good Quality: 7? pi i a D s iers ai *d Drying Methods: Sun drying — smoke driers — the Ceylon drier—Ceylon-type driers—hot air driers: IV Resume and Recommendations.

The Manufacture of Copra in the Pacific Islands is lavishly illustrated Dpiro with 65 photographs and 11 diagrams. ■ ■■€“ W “ Jig* m m m M ¥

Cocoa Growing In The South Pacific

A leading world authority on cocoa growing prepared the following series of reports for the South Pacific Commission. The author Urquhart of Cadbury Brothers (England), formerly Gold Coast Director of Agriculture. • Cocoa Growing in Fiji. • Cocoa Growing in Western Samoa. • Cocoa Growing in Netherlands New Guinea. • Cocoa Growing in the New Hebrides.

PRICE OF EACH REPORT IN THE ABOVE SERIES, 2J- STERLING.

Other S.P.C. Reports For

Pacific Planters

• Cocoa Plantation Management in Western Samoa. By D. R. A.

Eden, General Manager, New Zealand Reparation Estates, Western Samoa. • Coffee Growing in New Caledonia. By D. H. Urquhart, formerly Gold Coast Director of Agriculture. • The Management of Coconut Plantations in Western Samoa.

By D. R. A. Eden, General Manager, New Zealand Reparation Estates, Western Samoa.

PRICE OF EACH OF THE ABOVE REPORTS, 2/- STERLING ALL the reports listed above are obtainable as follows: PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA: From Beadel’s Bookshop, P.O. Box 107, Port Moresby. FIJI: Prom the Desai Bookshop, Suva. OR direct, post-free by surface mail, from the:

South Pacific Commission

G.P.O. Box 5254, Sydney, Australia.

New Fijian Village

For Suva Workers

AFTER the 1952 hurricane had destroyed or badly damaged the homes of several thousand people in the Suva area, a scheme to provide housing for some of the Fijian workers went into preliminary operation. [Today the new Nabua village, on the outskirts of the city and near the Suva-Nausori highway, houses 700 people and has its own school, meeting-house, co-operative store, Biurch, dispensary and credit anion.

Nabua people come from all parts )f Fiji, and the community is Srganised on traditional village ines. From the start of the settlenent a guiding eye has been prodded by Major C. V. Phillips, district Officer on the staff of the district Commissioner Southern. [in the post-hurricane emergency, ftire-type houses were hurriedly luilt, but the Government has now pilt an additional 22 double-unit bncrete cottages for rental and bother three are nearly finished. [The total area of the settlement I 93 acres, of which half has so ar been developed. Money has ben provided for reading the bnainder, and more land has been providing for Fijians who re able to build their own houses. [There is planting land which the Ifllagers cultivate in their spare me, growing crops which help them I meet Suva’s high cost of living. tThe Nabua School, started with 1,000 collected by the Suva Rotary ilub and with substantial Fijian- Ibscribed funds, now has buildings brth £14,000 in a 131-acres block f land.

Papua Rubber Yields rubber yields for June as com- I pared with May (in parenthesis) were: I 31,267 (33,077) lb; Lolorua: 36,300 8,0X0) lb; Mariboi: 51,000 (45,361) lb. lolorua Rubber Estates announced a net •fit of £14,057 for the last financial ar. an increase of £7,312 on the precis year. The dividend has been raised »m 6 to 10 per cent.

Mvliama, at present on survey in fdney, was not expected to be tck in service before some time in sptember Tulagi, expected back pm the Line Islands and the Überts in mid-August, will take f place on the Sydney-Solomons tyice. Malaita, also on survey, ill be transferred to the New uinea service when she resumes.

When the New Zealand Minister Civil Aviation’s aircraft called at R?a late June, a request was ade, and granted, for a Tongan valid to be flown to Fiji for urgent edical treatment. 149 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Crime, Fiction, Plays, Travel. World Affairs, etc., also famous KING PENGUIN series- X. H. SEWARD PTY. LTD , 457 Bourke St., Melbourne, Aust. MU 6129 I The following are the official estimates of copra production in respect of the year 1953; They do not include copra produced for local consumption, but do include copra converted into oil for export: The figures show thousands of tons; Ceylon . . 225 Other Fr. Terr. 20 Malaya 152 India 190 Br. Borneo 27 N. Guinea and 9ther Br. Pac. Papua 80 * Is 55 Fiji S 3 Other Br. W. Trinidad 15 i Indies ... 15 Tanganyika . . 12 Other Br. New Hebrides 24 iC’wlth. . 40 Mexico .. 59 Indonesia 730 Phiiipoines . 850 Mozambique 48 Fr. Oceania 20 tndo-China 15 Other foreign 70 f That gives a total of 2,691,000 tons, t was up to 2,911,000 tons in 1951 town to 2,300,000 in 1948. It thereore will be seen that there are five lain sources of coconut products in he world— [Ceylon, whose copra now is almost wholly milled to oil and meal before [ is shipped: {Singapore and the East Indies; [Philippine Islands; India; South Pacific Islands. (P-NG Fiji, few Hebrides. French Oceania and ther Pacific Islands together prolice over 200,000 tons per annum.) A lot of copra comes out of the last through Singapore; but there Is been considerable disturbance of le Indonesian supply as a result of ie present struggle between the idonesian Government and the ptch interests still established fere.

Formerly, every little group in the |st Indies sent a trickle of copra to the chief shipping ports by the ball inter-islands fleet of the iwerful KPM (Dutch) shipping le: the KPM not only carried but btrolled the sale of the copra Irseas —a large proportion of the bra producers thus were “tied” to 6 KPM. iWhen the present political [uggle in Indonesia became acute, fe KPM withdrew a large proper- )n of those inter-islands ships, th the result that a great deal of ter islands copra cannot reach I markets. If it could, there w r ould [enough of it to affect the Euroan quotation. The wise computer ould assume that sooner or later [will get to the markets, jhnong the factors affecting copra’s pre must be considered the [ative value in oil content of all ese products. The official oil extotion rates for vegetable oil seeds n average made through years of penence) puts copra (63 per cent.) [the top of the list. Only one ier seed comes near it—the comratively rare babassu kernels long copra’s main competitors, the xt nearest are palm kernels (45) stor seed (43), groundnuts (42), rapeseed (35), cottonseed (18), soya beans (15).

Copra production, giving a high oil content, and very well organised all over the world in respect of transport and distribution, has some definite advantages over its competitors.

Where is Unilever Of the Future?

BUT, if world production and distribution of copra are well organised, so also is the world market. That organisation is probably the most important factor to be considered in relation to the future.

The International Association of Seed Crushers held their periodical Congress in Baden-Baden, Germany, on June 8. I was deeply interested in the review of world supply and demand given by the President. Mr.

J. C. A. Faure. (The name of Faure has been well known in the Western European oil-seeds industry for generations. This Mr. Faure is not only a distinguished figure in the oil-seeds world—he is, or has been, closely associated with Unilever).

The kernel of his address, and his close analysis of world production figures, was that there is much freer movement of vegetable oils throughout the world; that world consumption is steadily increasingand that world supply is just about taking care of demand. His concluding summary is worth quoting in “The past 13 months have seen an interesting change in the liquid edible oil situation throughout the world.

“During the post-war period, up to 1954, liquid edible oils were regarded as the group most seriously in short supply, except in the United States. Since these US surpluses of liquid oils have been made available to the rest of the world, the supply situation of all oils and fats, including the liquid oil group, has become much better balanced.

“Whereas in post-war years we had two distinct and almost watertight markets (the dollar and soft currency markets) we have now reached the point where we can again talk of ‘world" market values. From now on the world will have to take much closer notice of markets and conversely, the United states’ domestic markets will have to watch much more closely the world markets overseas, in Europe and elsewhere.

“Finally, 1954 and 1955 hav3 shown that world consumption is increasing rapidly, but that world production is keeping pace with the greater needs. The freer movement of oils and fats throughout the world should act as a stabilising factor on price levels.”

That suggests that there will be a fairly competitive market for our South Pacific copra when we go out again into the cold hard world at the end of the MOF contract in 1958.

But to what extent will competition be conditioned by monopoly organisation among the buyers?

A quarter-century ago, when first I analysed the world copra situation for the South Pacific planters I presented Unilever as the big, bad wolf of the world’s oil-seed markets.

The Lever combine seemed to do 151 Future of South Pacific Copra Industry (Continued from Page 18) ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY-AUGUST, 1955

Here are the sharpest blades in the world blue Giffett e “Lades 9 a a Blue Gillette Blades Also available in packets or Dispensers of 10 Blades P. 4 what it liked with copra produce and all the old hands will rememi well what the combine did.

Much has happened since the:; especially the intense Govemmr controls of the war and post-T periods (about 9 years) and MOF Contract (still current).

But Unilever has not been out) the picture. On the contrary, Le= personnel has had much to do w British Government control, s with the operation of the MOF C' tract. The British Governmr (even the Socialist set-up, 1945evidently thinks a great deal.

Unilever. A Lever received a vi high honour in the 1955 Birthi List.

History records few changes* heart by big, bad wolves; and I hr seen nothing here to suggest tf the Unilever of 1955 is any diffen from the Unilever of 1930.

It is interesting to note, example, that this year and I while the British Ministry of F 1 is selling the copra and coconut) bought under our contract price a substantial loss per ton the m buyer of the product is Unite There is nothing wrong with ths.

Unilever is in business to nr profits—and is making them.

The moral is that any Gove ment or big national institui which contracts to buy a prim product like copra over a perioo years must, if it is going to proc itself, control also the end use marketing of that commodity.

British MOF, in 1948, did nott that —it gambled on the future pq of vegetable oil.

In 1931, I said that Unilever o trolled the world market, by inr national and inter-contines manipulation; and others said! and the statement as far as I ki never was challenged.

To-day, I do not know. I can. imagine that the wolf has has change of heart. But, notorioK wolves can be scared.

There have been some rag terrifying politico-economic alti tions in world affairs since 1945 c we are going to fight off commun. by creating Welfare States, and J ing the common man a better « we cannot in logic allow in national combines to prey u either producers or consumern the way they used to do.

Western world is trying to getf of its politico-economic muo now by saying that it will tolerate exploitation of the comn people (labourers or producern traders) by either Internatit Communists or International O bines.

We shall have to leave it like t Maybe, the big wolf —seeing the, evitable end of wolfdom —will noi as bad as he used to be. Ms] the horrid spectacle of what is ca ing in the East has changedb heart. Maybe.

Anyway, Unilever remainn 152 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHS

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Problems for Men Who Introduced Crushing Mills N considering the future of the S.

Pacific copra trade, and the world market generally, the presence in the various areas of sopra-crushing mills outside the pnilever control, is a factor of imiortance.

I As everyone knows, Carpenter interests have established big mills in Suva and Rabaul, and are closely [ssociated with the operation of nills in Canada. Nearly all Ceylon’s [reduction now is milled by estabishments in Ceylon. There are imbrtant mills in Malaya, IA quarter-century ago, Unilever lad a dominant voice in the operaion of most crushing mills; and here is evidence that the Unilever fverlords do not like this growth of mills around the world, |nd that the markets which they fifluence are not kind to the prefects of those mills when they come leking buyers. [lt may be remembered that, in he beginning, Ceylon entered the lOF contract. But, seeing that the lOF price then was below world larket price, and feeling sure that I could itself sell its coconut oil to ttter advantage, Ceylon broke away fom the MOF arrangement and bnefited accordingly. [Now, with the market the other fay, Ceylon is hawking its huge reduction of coconut oil around the brld. Europe is not friendly; so a rge quantity of Ceylon coconut oil fcently has been dumped in USA, lid has knocked the stuffing out of le markets there, for the time belg.

Carpenters’ mill in Rabaul could psh 25,000 tons per annum of ING’s production of 100,000 tons, [allowed; but owing to the MOF’s ern restriction on the quantity of fconut oil which it will accept from ew Guinea, the mill takes only LOOO tons per annum. The Suva tablishment probably could mill le whole of Fiji’s copro production •but at present it does not treat ore than two-thirds.

Is the fine hand of Unilever dispible in these MOF decisions? I [not know.

Is it a desirable thing, from the ewpoint of the South Pacific propers and Governments, that a rge proportion of the copra should [milled within the Territories, and ipped away as oil and meal? ff it is, then unquestionably there M have to be co-operation between e Governments and the Carpenter wrests after the MOF contract 153 PCIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Ipires so as to ensure both transort and distribution facilities for ae products of the mills. ?At present, the producer gets a xed price as soon as his copra jaches his local port of shipment, ix months may elapse, then, before ie copra reaches the market irectly as copra or in the shape of 1 and meal; and that market is lifting all the time.

At the present time, the British biistry of Food is the middleman; id if MOF makes a loss, the Engtaxpayer pays. (Personally. I mnot see why the terribly overirdened English taxpayer thus lould subsidise the copra producers the Australian and New Zealand iuth Pacific Territories —but that another matter).

But with the end of the MOF the British middleman is minated. [f. thereafter, all South Pacific bra interests are to be on their m. the position of the South Scific copra millers obviously is golf to be very difficult. How can By buy the copra at a fixed price less, simultaneously, they can fee sales of coconut oil and meal fficiently far forward (say six pths) to cover their costs and lure a profit? Their only alternpe is to gamble on the future of I coconut oil market, traders in copra who ship the |>ra directly to overseas markets mot take the same risk in respect time (they can get to the market much sooner) —but they do take nsk. And that time-lag between I buying and selling of South kific copra obviously must tend to ve a depressing effect on the sale copra from planter to trader. The iders and shippers, subject to the paries of shipping and transport d overseas markets, apparently Ist gamble; but they reduce their i as much as possible by paying [ lowest price they can induce the hter to accept. [hipping is a real problem, for h copra shippers and coconut oil nucers in the South Pacific. Shippers are wary about this traffic [is so difficult to get cargoes from [ope or North America for South nfic Islands ports, and one-way Bing can be very expensive. * * * ill in all, it would seem that there real need for early consultation ween the interests likely to he Kted hy the expiry of the MOF tract—namely, the Governments pritain, Australia and New Zead: the middlemen, like Messrs. [ns Philp, Carpenter and Morris tstrom, who will he expected to }dle the copra production; the ra crushers, who have a special P[em; and representatives of the vnut planters in all Territories Med h ° le future nom is directl V Jesley Church, Lautoka, Fiji, its golden jubilee on [Ust 7. The Lautoka Circuit now prises ten congregations.

Papua Planters

SUPPORT

Copra Board Plan

MEMBERS of the Planters’ Association of Papua have expressed a unanimous desire for the retention after 1957 of a semi- Governmental marketing organisation. such as the existing Copra Marketing Board, controlled by the Territories Minister, advised by a board on which growers are reasonably represented.

The president of the Planters’

Association (Mr. B. E. Fairfax-Ross) announced this at Port Moresby on July 30.

He said that the members subscribing to the vote covered 37 copra plantations, with a total. of 20.506 acres of coconuts in Papua, and expressed the views of all individual growers and plantation owning companies in the association.

The result of the plebiscite would be forwarded to the Minister.

The president said that the executive committee considered the plebiscite of great importance not only to members of the association in Papua, but to all non-indigenous and native copra growers alike in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.

He said that the association would again emphasise to the Minister for Territories the paramount importance of reaching a decision as to the future marketing of copra not later than the end of 1956, a full year before the expiration of the United Kingdom Agreement.

If a decision in favour of retaining the Copra Marketing Board were reached by the end of 1956, there would be adequate time during 1957 to arrange forward sales and shipping for 1958 copra production, and the board could carry on its most satisfactory service to growers with little or no change in procedure.

Mr. P- A. Snow, formerly an Administrative Officer in Fiji and now Bursar of Rugby School, Warwickshire, has written a book on Fiji which will be published shortly. His Cricket in the Fiji Islands, written after he had captained the popular 1948 Fijian team in New Zealand, was very successful in Fiji and elsewhere. ; The New Caledonian Assembly has allocated 150,000 francs (£AI 000) as its contribution towards the expenses of the Scout contingent to attend the next Jamboree in Australia.

Novice Boxers at Suva Of 66 competitors in Fiji Amateur Boxing Association's first open novice competition at Suva, 54 were coached by Corporal H. Charman. In this group are B. Issacks (flyweight), H, Hatch (winner of the light welterweight contest), T. Schuster (lightweight winner) and B. Wendt. 155 c IF I C ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Ng Women'S Club Had

Successful Year

rHE New Guinea Women’s Club at Sydney successfully played its part in bringing about the •rection of the Memorial Gates at SJueen Elizabeth Park, Rabaul, in lonour of the civilians who lost heir lives in the Pacific War, states he president (Mrs. M. L. Foxcroft) n her annual report for 1954-55. [ Club members, the report coninued, had felt for some time that omething should be done and were lappy to support the suggestion put prward by the Victorian New luinea Women’s Association. ■“lt has been a combined effort y all the New Guinea women’s fganisations in Australia and their fiends,” states the report. [The Melbourne association had feen responsible for the purchase hd shipping of the gates, and Mrs. [ Pratt, the Melbourne president, ad gone to Rabaul for the opening feremony. At Rabaul, Mr. R. Galloay had done invaluable work for ie memorial. [A wide range of club activities at jrdney is reviewed in the report, pd a successful year is recorded.

The year’s receipts totalled £736, and expenditure of £430 left £306 to be carried forward. Donations by members and friends to the Rabaul memorial fund totalled nearly £2OO. t Final figures of F-NG contributions to the Administrator’s appeal on behalf of NSW flood relief give a total of £18,905 for the Administrator’s fund, and other contributions sent separately brought the total to £20,777. All sections of the P-NG population contributed generously. t When 24 Indians from Fiji arrived at Sydney by plane on July 6, a newspaper blithely stated that they were “the first group of indentured workers to be returned to their homeland from Fiji by the Indian Government.” The truth was, of course, that the 24, like thousands of others in the course of several decades, were being repatriated at the expense of Fiji. t Fiji’s revenue in the first quarter of 1955 was £1,353,127, giving a surplus for the quarter of £19,149.

Customs revenue was £768,836 — £265,283 more than in the first quarter of 1954.

Members of the New Guinea Women's Association at the Rabaul Memorial Gates, dedicated on July 14. With the group is, extreme left, Mrs. J. R. Foldi, wife of the New Britain District Commissioner; Mr. Allen, of Jacquinot Bay (third from left), Mrs. D. M. Cleland, wife of the Administrator (fifth from left), and Mr. Fold! (back to camera). —Photo by C. H.

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Northern Bastion

Hmas 'Tarangau'

At Manus Is

Somewhat Puzzling

By GT HHE run by the Bulolo from [■ Madang to Lombrum, which is |e official name of the Manus base jrt insofar as BP is concerned, is 10 miles and is estimated at 16 fcjrs’ sailing time.

We arrived there at 3.30 pm fter passing the Baluan volcano, hich was smoking well and giving I occasional whiffs of sulphur as I passed down wind.

Rounding Momote, where the big r base used to be and, we hope, being resurrected, we passed into le great Seeadler Hafen, as it Is known and named by the Irmans after their favourite [iblem, the Sea Eagle.

Here let me digress while I plain the derivation of the name frangau. It comes from the local Itive equivalent of Seeadler.

JNot caring to perpetuate the old pan name of Seeadler Hafen, e Navy preferred the native terpretation of the German vessel uch first surveyed these waters.

Borne time ago I referred to the pie and suggested it could be one those modern synthetic [mixtures of “Tar”, for sailor, and aigau,” the well-known New iiinea wartime unit. But now | have the real low-down. I iow, because I checked it with a tnous Manus War II WOl liceman, who is right-hand man I Police Commissioner Normoyle [Moresby. pMBRUM is a picture of peace, I amidst luscious green sur- I roundings of coconut plantaps. blue water and tropic skies, le climate is warm, as is only kural a couple of degrees below I Equator, but sea breezes temoer I heat. \s the vessel berths at a subptial wharf, Australian and Dive naval ratings are lined up— [former in straw hats, blue jean j)rts and boots, with torsos brown [ a berry. They appeared a Itented lot, if a bit homesick [they saw a Sydney vessel in ft with inquisitive round-trippers bard.

I native rating was especially [rjoyed as his pen-friend—a biness tycoon from NSW. who d previously made the trip— pped ashore, with the usual feesse that pen-friends of natives fays bring or send, p orderly array about the wharf od giant igloo buildings for fing cargoes of stores, materials d general what-have-you in a naval base. On the surrounding palm-covered hills stood substantially built messes, ward-rooms and houses of executives —the cost of which is nobody’s business— except the Australian taxpayer, of course.

IHAD an interesting talk with the Intelligence Officer, who acts in the capacity of Public Relations Officer. He was a typical Lieut.-Commander and was enthusiastic in his description of the amenities supplied to the ratings, who serve 12 months at the base (if single) or two years »if married).

He told me the number of men at the base, which I won’t repeat (for security reasons), even if it were true. He also said “good progress was being maintained in organising a naval base for use in emergencies.”

There was little malaria and camoquin was distributed to all every pay day. There was an excellent modern hospital, a cinema that showed four times a week with seating for 600, and all kinds of sports were organised.

Fresh food for the base was flown in from the Highlands of New Guinea every week and native ratings had their own areas of land for the growing of vegetables.

Most of the natives, he said, At Lombrum Igloo hots in a trim setting at Lombrum, HMAS "Tarangau", the northern defence base in the Manus Group, is described as "a picture of peace" in surroundings of coconut plantations, blue waters and tropical skies. 159 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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DISINFECT DEODORISE with PIC-A-LYPTUS came from the Sepik district, noticed some Bukas there, but th may have been the boats-crew a private vessel, Daroa, which w> tied up to the wharf. 1 GATHERED that the commum in Australia’s Northern Basti was just one large, hap family and getting on well w the local Administration over Lorengau. (I rather suspect til now it should be spelled “Lorangaj Perhaps some native philologist c explain the difference betwe “Lor” and “Tar”).

Not far distant from the nu.

Lombrum wharf is the headquartc of the local PIR unit, and hu and there on the landscape staE oil storage tanks.

And such is Lombrum—t- Manus Naval Base —the ne:; centre of our northern defence.

I only hope there is much mo there than I saw, if only to g? me a greater feeling of secur:' I did not feel too happy when left and I still can’t understand : Evatt’s action in precluding i Yanks from carrying on at such Nature-made strategic vanU point.

Better still—let’s hope it v never be needed. But then tl; seems too good to be true, fr what is to be seen in other paE of F-NG.

Oil Search South of Sepik THE search for oil in New Guinea advan another stage in July with the res to the Sepik district of a survey pq organised by Enterprise of New Guinea ' and Petroleum Development, NL.

The party, led by Mr. S. Paterson, is continue the survey of the 1,650 square nrt of the company's permit area, adjoining Dutch border and south of the Sepik Ris The main party travelled by schoonen Ambunti, and an advance party went t Ambunti to the mouth of the August R 5 where a base camp has been established.

New Test Wells

A.P.C. and Island Exploration Co. I abandoned drilling at Omati No. 2.: The directors said that the outfit from OC No. 1 was being transferred to Kuru, andfc outfit from No. 2 well will be transferred The August report on Aramia No. 1 st< that the hole had been deepened to 5,516 A third drilling site has been chosen atti Morehead River, on the south coast of Pa 1 Rubber Prices Still Increasing SINCE May rubber prices have skyroch from Stg. to 42|d Stg. per IBi ribbed smoke sheet, in store, Loic Supply has barely kept abreast of demand The Bank of New Zealand "Produce Circa for July 22 (when the price was . attributes the shortage and the high p to continuing good demand by factories,,.; heavy purchases in London by Russia recent months. 160 AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH

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Insurances effected at Lloyds of London

Norfolk Island Advisory

Council Changes

ITOTING in the Norfolk Island I Advisory Council election on I July 27 produced some upsets.

Councillor H. S. Christian was eaten in the Ball Bay Ward by Mr. i. T. Edward, and Councillor C. J.. dams was beaten in the Cascade rard by Mr. J. N. Gandy.

The president (Councillor R. bbbs) was re-elected in the Kingon Ward, beating Mr. K. W. prtune.

Mr. W. A. Goddard was elected [opposed for the Mount Piet Ward The US Atomic Energy Comission has established a marine ological laboratory at Eniwetok ioll to study the effects of atomic plosions on marine life and to |rry out general marine biological Search work. travellers to New Guinea pper; Mr. Bill Anderson (middle of group) Commonwealth Department of Works, returnto Port Moresby after leave, was farewelled Sydney aboard "Soochow" by Messrs. Jim [?]elay, Bob Higgins, Jim Cleavland, and [?] Henderson, all well-known New Guinea [?]le on vacation in the south. Middle: Miss [?]M Thurstun (centre) was farewelled in [?]ey by Miss E. Robinson and Miss M. on when she returned to Methodist Mission on at Salamo, Papua, after vacation in and. Miss Robinson and Miss Burton rely came south from mission service in New lea. Lower: Mr. and Mrs. L. Odgers, with hen, John, and Myffanwy returned to Port [?]esby in "Soochow", where Mr. Odgers is ched to Administration Works Branch. 161 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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Inquiry Into Shootings

Evidence On Cargo

Cult Outbreak

In Bainings Area

[FRIBESMEN, inflamed by Cargo P- Cult beliefs, might have taken |ver a large part of the Bainings Irea of New Britain but for the lotion of the patrol which shot five pen when the patrol was attacked )n June 14. according to a Roman fatholic missioner, Father Alfred lagen. [Father Hagen expressed this view it Rabaul during the inquiry by he coroner (Mr. G. V. Hall) into he five deaths (July PIM, page [Earlier in the inquiry, Karaka, I Government-appointed tu 1 1 u 1 Deputy chief) had given evidence f terrorism exercised by Tovil bputedly the Cult leader at laisum village. [Karaka said he had heard Tovil peaten to kill a man who had isobeyed him. Later he (Karaka > fw the man with his skull split tom front to back.

Urged on by Tovil, villagers had hm down the medical aid post ad walls of the Government restbuse and police house.

Father Hagen said that at laisum he was told that when the fctrol fired the first shot over the ?ads of the attackers, they became torageous because no one was iirt. They were also convinced iat the spirits would not let them |wn if they obeyed commands bveyed by Tovil. [The missioner said that the [pression he had received at pisum was that the patrol had I other way out. If the villagers id been confronted by a regiment [ militia, they would still have tacked, so strong was their belief I the spirits’ protection. This plained why the patrol, which is inquiring into earlier trouble, d been allowed to enter the fage. !UKI, a policeman, told the coroner that he had shot | Tovil during the fight. £ali, another policeman, said: jiter Tovil had swung his club the patrol officers’ head and irbosi had fended off the blow th his rifle, I saw Muki ejecting pullet from his rifle, so I took I rifle and fired into the air. en, as a man attacked me with knife, I fired into his chest, en another man attacked me. i I took aim and shot him. en Patrol Officer Hayes called L ‘Finish, enough’ ”.

I third policeman. Milio, said it he called to Tovil, who was ping about and beating the ground with his club: “I have not come to fight; I have come as a friend.” The attackers took no notice.

ADO Orken, outlining the Cargo Cult outbreaks in 1953-54, said; ‘T found in my patrols through this area that the Bainings people are ancestor-worshippers. Every act is controlled by this worship to a much greater extent than among any other group I have been in contact with.

“For a certain period every year they take on the characteristics of their ancestors, and during a ritual fire dance go through the fire without being burnt.”

DURING the inquiry, Father Hagen said he believed that the North Bainings people were quiet and docile. This probably accounted for the uprising—they accepted what they were told without question. Their tribal laws ante-dated the Stone Age.

Had Tovil been shot at the start of the attack, he added, the villagers would have been quietened: they would have felt that the spirits had let them down.

Gold Mining Returns NEW GUINEA GOLDFIELDS, LTD., reported the following results in June; Golden Ridges: 3,056 tons of ore, and 376 tons of tailings treated. Recovery: 1,138 oz of fine gold, and 1,418 oz silver.

Golden Ridges Alluvial; Produced 77 oz of fine gold. Koranga Alluvials: Handled 135,056 cu. yds. Recovered 447 oz of fine gold. Tributes: Produced 70 oz of fine gold. Timber: Handled 331,2660 su. ft.

EMPEROR - LOLOMA of Fiji gave the following production for the year ended June 22, 1955, as compared (in parenthesis) with the previous year: Emperor: Treated 156,048 (159,572) tons.

Recovered 63,003 (60,507) oz. Loloma; 22,282 (32,592) tons, for 10.432 (11,462) oz.

Reshuffle in BP Shipping Services WITH the entry of Burns Philp’s new 10-passenger MV Tulagi in the Islands service there has been a reshuffle of the company’s fleet.

Malaita is being transferred from the Norfolk-New Hebrides-Solomons service to the New Guinea run. with Bulolo and Malekula. Tulagi takes over Malaita’s run.

Unfortunately the popular New Hebrides-Solomons round-trip will no longer be available. Tulagi’s limited passenger accommodation will probably be overtaxed with travelling Islands people.

Though there were plans to servethe Northern Solomons with a vessel on the New Guinea service, the schedule for Tulagi (see timetables Section) now includes those ports.

Mr. Warren Christian, of Pitcairn Island, journeyed to New Zealand in the liner Mataroa in June for medical attention. He planned to return to the island by the same vessel in July. 163 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

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FOR SALE BY TENDER: AUXILIARY KETCH “KIA KIA”.

Tenders are invited and will be received at Tarawa up to noon on Friday, September 30, 1955, for the purchase of the ocean-going auxiliary ketch “Kia Kia” owned by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony Government.

The vessel was built in Hong Kong in 1938 and is constructed of teak. The following further particulars have been carefully checked but are not certified: — Gross tonnage 58.1 tons Overall length 65 ft.

Beam 18 ft.

Draught 7 ft. 9 in.

Gaff rigged.

Cabin accommodation for four passengers and master aft—Separate Forecastle 2 Engineer’s Cabins forward.

Cargo capacity—lo tons, general.

The vessel is powered by a 1938 Gardner 4 cylinder 4L3 engine of 68 horse power giving a maximum speed of seven knots.

An A.W.A. 10 watt teleradio is installed and there are cooking facilities and a refrigerator. The vessel has just completed an extensive overhaul of hull and engine in Fiji including the entire re-sheathing of hull and has been fitted with a new set of sails. She may be inspected at Tarawa or by appointment at Ocean Island, and Fiji tenderers may obtain further particulars from Morris Hedstrom Limited, Suva, on application.

Tenders should be addressed by sealed letter, or by telegraph in Bentley’s code, to the Secretary to Government, Tarawa.

The highest or any tender will not necessarily be accepted. The successful tenderer will be required to make payment of the full price in accordance with directions given by the vendor within seven days of notice of acceptance of his tender and delivery of the vessel will be given at Suva or Tarawa at the option of the purchaser within one month of settlement.

Discovery in Papua

Tribesmen With

Biblical Aspect

MORE hitherto-unknown tribesmen have been discovered by a reconnaissance patrol exploring new country in Papua, stated a report leleased at Canberra on August 2. [ The men are bearded and wear wigs of human hair which make them look like Biblical figures. (The Biblical effect is presumably [Unfinished by the fact that the tribemen’s noses are pierced). They use very primitive stone axes.

I The names of these people is Duna.

I The patrol, comprising two Europeans, 12 native policemen, three interpreters and about 50 larriers, took 62 days to explore ;he new area, which is in the Bugged Highland country northpest of Tari. [The Duna people are described wpical mountain dwellers short pd sturdy, with big chests and pighs.

I Although continual tribal fighting fccurs in the area, few armed farriors were seen by the patrol IThe report stated: “The Duna [ght with the bow and arrow, and bme of the arows terminate in teedle-like points ringed round [ith a shallow cut to ensure that hey break off in the wound, fthers have sharp teeth cut into he sides. [“Perhaps the most dangerous type a an arrow tipped with a broad bmboo blade sharpened on both Wes and usually about 6 in long, [his is a very efficient killing Istrument.” [The Duna people are not pnibals. [The patrol also visited the |vam Valley, which was labelled Bhangri-La” when it was dispvered not long ago. This time ae people were on guard because [ a rumour that the Government 'as supporting their enemies, but were no complications. )NE of the biggest Native Affairs patrols to leave Port Moresby [ in post-war years set out early July for the Upper Tauri to £ke contact with the Kukukuku, bo attacked a New Guinea esources survey team in the area [June.

The patrol comprised ten Uropeans and ten native policemen, with a line of carriers.

It was expected that they would away about two months, and [is possible that the patrol will pain with the survey team while is in the area.

The patrol left Fort Moresby by )at, but had to walk into the ukukuku country from the coast.

Kukukuku stealth and fearlessness are well known to Native Affairs officers who have patrolled the area, and the deputy head of the department, Mr. J. K. McCarthy, still bears the mark of a Kukukuku arrow.

Mr. McCarthy told PIM he was confident that the patrol would make peaceful contact. It was thought that only a small band had attacked the Development Survey team, and the patrol was confident it would find them on the mountain side of the range separating Papua and New Guinea.

Trusteeship of Fijian Lands is Again Underlined (From Our Own Correspondent) Supervision of Fijian land rented to non-Fijians, the collection of rents and the general management of Fijian land affairs now occupy an organisation with a staff of about 40.

This point was mentioned by the head of the Fijian Lands Commission (Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna) when he laid the foundation stone of the Land Trust Board building on July 28.

The building, which will stand between Victoria Parade and Broadcasting House, close to the Government Buildings, will also house the Fijian Development Fund Board, the Fijian Banana Venture offices, and, during its biennial sessions, the Council of Chiefs.

Ratu Sir Lala said that although Fijian land cannot be sold, its leasing involved a substantial volume of work and management in the interests of the proper economic development of the Colony. An effectual system of control had to be devised, and thus had evolved control by a board of trustees.

Before the Second World War, the Fijians had handed over all their land to the board’s control, a gesture which the then Governor (Sir Arthur Richards, now Lord Milverton) had described as “the finest act of trust in colonial history.”

The Acting Governor (Mr. A. F.

R. Stoddart), who introduced Ratu Sir Lala, said that there was a realisation that land available for leasing should be made available to those who were eager to use it productively.

No non-Fijians could deprive the Fijians of the ownership of their land, but, in order to develop and protect the land, those who leased it must be given a sense of security.

The responsibility, Mr. Stoddart added, lay with the Native Land Trust Board.

More Opposition To

Native Liquor Plan

STRONG feeling against the granting of liquor permits to selected natives has been expressed by all sections of the community, reported a Rabaul correspondent on August 8.

A sub-committee appointed by the Rabaul Town Advisory Council was to protest against the proposal to the Legislative Council Select Committee, which was scheduled to arrive at Rabaul on August 11.

Petitions against the scheme had been signed by 300 persons and more signatures were being collected at Kokopo, Bougainville and New Ireland. It was probable that spokesmen of the RSL and of religious bodies would also voice objections. fl Mr. Eric Williams, noted British film producer, arrived at Sydney in July with plans for the filming of Sir Arthur Grimble’s book Pattern of Islands. The book deals with the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, but the film will be made elsewhere, possibly in Fiji. Mr.

Williams later visited Samoa and Fiji. 165 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY-AUGUST, 1955

Classified Advertisements Per line, 2/-; Minimum, 6 lines.

FOR SALE

Electrical Generating Station

complete comprising:—2 Gen. Motor 8 cyl.

Diesel Engines. 2 Westinghouse Alternators and Exciters each 150 KW 415- 240 V. Compressor Bottles cooling system, etc., etc. £2,500 spare parts. Switchboard and instruments complete. Packed, delivered and installed anywhere for £16.000 plus freight and import duty, if any.

Apply; J. Beverly, 43 Caroline Street, Kingsgrove. Sydney, Australia.

WILLING to sell on account of high shipping costs and labour: 2 coir fibre beater machines: 1 General Motors Diesel engine. 6 cylinders, 135 H.P., perfect condition.

For particulars: Max B. du Pont, P.O.

Box 466, Papeete, Tahiti, French Oceania.

TENDERS

The British Solomon Islands

GOVERNMENT has called for tenders for a pair of handed Gleniffer Marine Diesel Engines Type D.C 4. 80 B.H.P. at 800 Revolutions, fitted with reverse and 2 to 1 reduction gears, in use since 1952, and also for quantity of new spare parts.

Further details from Messrs. Burns, Philp & Co. at Sydney, Port Moresby and Lae.

Drive Yourself Cars

SYDNEY VISITORS Drive yourself service.

All new Renaults, rates 6d per mile with tree N.R.M.A. road service, free insurance, and free oil. This is the lowest rate in Sydney. Telegraph or Cable “Berkiladd”

Sydney. Ira L. & A. C. Berk Pty. Ltd., 72 William Street. ’Phone; M 4702.

IN SYDNEY.—Drive yourself—all Holdens; cheapest rates. N.R.M.A. road service.

Make the most of your leave. Sydney (late Wentworth) Drive Yourself, 77 Wentworth Ave., or 196 Elizabeth St., City.

MA 9204 (after houis, FM3113).

DRIVE YOURSELF CARS.—At your service in Brisbane. Lloyd-De Laurier Pty.

Ltd., Rowes Cafe Lane, Edward St., Brisbane, Queensland. Phone: FA 1091.

Enquiries invited.

BOOKS ANY NEW BOOK (English), which is in print now. posted to you in a few days I also find rare and out-of-print books to order. Large Pacific clientele. Banking accounts at Sydney and Wellington. Write Philip R. Boulton, Bookseller, Westbury, Wilts, England.

U.S.A. MAGAZlNES.—Subscribe to them for your reading enjoyment and advancement. Keep abreast of latest overseas doings in your field! We are Authorised Agents for 2,500 USA Magazines and will be glad to post you a free Special List on any subject. “Popular” List also sent will all enquiries. All subscriptions airmailed to U.S.A.; publisher posts each issue direct to you. Write now, stating your interests: World-wide Magazine Agency, Box 20. Lakemba, N.S.W., Australia.

PENFRIENDS DON’T BE LONELY.—Men and women all over Australia are finding happiness through my Friendship & Matrimonial Correspondence Club. Someone wants to be YOUR friend. Select and confidential.

Write TO-DAY. No obligation. Locker P, Dorothy Pope Friendship Club (regd.), Box 182, Haymarket P. 0., Sydney, N.S W.

HELP yourself and another lonely person to a full life. Be introduced the modern way by correspondence. Members In Australia and overseas. All ages (from 18 on), faiths, nationalities and walks of life; cities and country. State age, sex, languages, etc., and write for free information brochure to be sent to you, in plain sealed envelope, to; Milton’s Friendship Club (Regd.), Dept. 5, Box 2871, G.P.0., Sydney. Strictly confidential—No obligation—New Australians welcome.

WANTED Contact correspondents, philatelists, hobbyists and Pen Friends throughout the Pacific. Island representatives wanted. Members in almost every country of the world. Write for specimen copy Club journal “Island Life” and application form, to Secretary, South Sea Islands Correspondence Club, Natuvu, Fiji Is.

WANTED TO EXCHANGE, stamps, photographs and correspondence with all the Islands people in the Pacific, Please write to: Mr. P. C. Lau, 6A Burd St., Hong Kong.

Representation Wanted

KORAY LIMITED, the well-known U.K.

Manufacturers of Koray Headache Tablets, require a first-class Agency House to represent them in the New Hebrides. Please write to: Koray Limited, Bridgend, Glamorgan. U.K.

Position Wanted

CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISOR, young married man, versatile, experienced in all types of construction work, now managing Melbourne firm, seeks suitable position in Islands; previous Island experience.

Write to: L.F.D., 23 Cherbourg Ave., Beaumaris, Melbourne, Victoria. XF 3953.

ACCOMMODATION NORFOLK ISLAND. “Burnt Pine” Real Estate Agency. Cable Address: “Adage, Norfolk Island”. Properties for sale in peaceful surroundings and beautiful climate of Norfolk Island. All enquiries promptly attended to.

FRENCH PENSION with French cooking.

Apply: H South Avenue. Double Bay, Sydney. Phone: FB 3549.

STAY AT CRAIGNATHAN Private Hotel 2 HAYES ST.. NEUTRAL BAY.

Right on Sydney Harbour. 15 mins, ferry to City. Bed and Breakfast, or Business Board.

Islands Visitors Welcome.

VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS For Sheep and Cattle car be Supplied Immediate!'!

EARMARKERS.

SPEYING INSTRUMENTS..

Bullrings. Fire Brands!

EMASCULATORS.

W. Jno. Baker

PTY. LTD. 3 Hunter St., Sydney, N.S.W P-NG “Should Come First”

Colombo Plan Is Under Fii THE £30,000,000 Australia spending on the Colombo F would be better spent in Papua s New Guinea, said Senator D.

Hannaford (South Australia), lea/ of the visiting Parliamentary pan at Port Moresby on August 2.

“Charity begins at home”, s= Senator Hannaford, referring the “crying need for more mor and more development in Territory.”

He added: “Finance for Colombo Plan could be thrc away overnight if the Asian lead decided against peace.”

At the end of a fortnight’s ti with five other members Parliament, including the Depc Opposition Leader (Mr. A.

Caldwell), Senator Hannaford s that the Australian Governmr should consider financing sir settlers who would grow coffee; cocoa for Australian requiremenr This was necessary becaE apparently the banks were interested in financing farms in Territory which required a cap: outlay of £15,000 and four-year v/ before crops were poduced.

The Senator said that in I the Australian taxpayer contribu about £8,000,000 towards ti £10,500,000 spent on Territ development and administration The balance was earned mai. by exports of copra, rubber, coc and cocoa.

This year the Administratj would ask the Government for m money for development and houjj to meet stepped-up recruitment..

Criticism of Colombo PI expenditure, on lines someiw similar to those of Semi Hannaford’s comment, has tf made at times in New Zeals where it has been argued that people of the Dominion’s troß territories deserve hand-out priox AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHI

Which Of These

m AIR i LTD COMPRESSORS Will Suit You Best ? ...

MODEL X/ERT: A complete service unit for all types of work, powered by a h.p. J.A.P. engine.

Fitted with 16 inch x 4 inch pneumatic tyres. Free air delivery 10.3 c.f.m.

MODEL C/FER: A free air delivery of 7.6 c.f.m. is provided by the 2 h.p. "Terrier" engine, which gives ample reserve for general homestead duties, property renovation and vehicle maintenance. Can also be supplied as a portable unit on 16 inch x 4 inch pneumatic tyres.

MODEL SERT: Powered by a 1 h.p. J.A.P. engine this unit, being mounted on 6 inch solid rubber wheels, is readily portable and can be taken to any job on the property. It has an output of 3.73 c.f.m. free air.

You Get MORE AIR PER H.P.

THE "CUB"; A compact home-size compressor that every owner of a 32 volt Lighting Plant can just plug in for painting, spraying, tyre inflation and many other tasks. Powered by a h.p. 32 volt electric motor. 99 P from a “D.G.M.

DANCAR, GEDYE & MALLOCH LTD. 10-14 Young Street, Circular Quay, Sydney P.O. Box 509 Radiograms: Dangars, Sydney Local Agents: R. Gillespie (N.G.) Ltd., RABAUL. Century Motors, LAE. Pacific Island Motors, PORT MORESBY A. H. Bunting Ltd., SAMARAI. F. L. Kwock Cheong, RABAUL. Madang Slipways Ltd., MADANG.

J. H. Ellis, GOROKA. AD3O.

Index to Advertisers ICE 39 UR Ltd. ... 61 I.N.Z. Bank ... 60 i.M.L. & F. . . 133 kkta-Vite ... 103 kluminium Ltd. . 56 imerican Equip. . 40 imetco Pty. Ltd. . 66 implion Ltd. . . 112 fmstrong & Sp. 136 inott, Wm. . . 142 ispro 62 Mstralian Cotton 37 aker, W. Jno. . 165 ank of NSW . 125 ank of NZ . . .69 arraclough, J. H. 9 artholemew, J. . 34 ethel I, Gwyn . . 5 taxland-Rae . . 117 lundell-Spence . 144 O.A.C 8 radford Mills . 68 rasso .... 104 Saybon Bros. . . 6 feckwoldt ... 26, 116, 119 teden, W. S. . 113 |lstol Myers . . 59 pish Paints . . 80 ■nton & Co. . 163 pge Pty. ... 96 pting, A. H. . . 58 I 78, 91, 121, 126 |Sh, W. J. . . 34 troughs ... 52 fceron & Sutherland . . . .138 ■bury . . . .156 rpenter . 51, 102 [ysler .... 134 Igate . . 38, 140 [man's Mustard 131 lonial Meat . . 98 Iyer W's'n. 93, 158 Dke Bros. . .147 pi Co 43 Inmond Co. . 146 mdall, A. H. . 33, 137 itex 159 Igar, G. & M. 167 iris, S. W. . . 108 laid Ltd. ... 74 [glass, W. C. . 35 Bop Rubber . . 46 fconald ... 120 [ready .... 128 fer, Wm. ... 54 Ike & Hiedecke 141 oner Eng. . .106 Tett, D. & M. 168 rick Hotel . . 7 bey, W. & A. . 96 lespie Bros. . . 77 fespie, R. . 1, 42, 19, 122, 132, 148 fette Ltd. . . 152 don's Gin . . 65 ham Books . . 45 IH. (Suva) . . 9 ve Ltd. . 53, 124 [orsen, B. . . 107 Ipton Court. 159 die & Spear . 117 ft H 65 Vey Trinder . 161 t's Agencies . 93 lings Diesels . 48 lleys Ltd. . . 36 laby Ltd. . . 75 brooks Ltd. . . 41 8. R 27 icia Co. . . . 30 [lndustries . . 67 transport . . 116 hson's Wax . 79 p Kia'' ... 166 ►na" .... 115 Kennedy, Capt. . 112 Kerr Bros. ... 29 Kiwi Polish . . .120 Kopsen & Co. . . 2 Lillis & Co. . . 130 MacQuarrie Boundy 28 Maclntyre, I. . 131 Mac. Robertson's . 50 Marfleet & Weight 108 Marine Spares . 107 McCallum's ... 47 Mcllrath's ... 157 Meggitt Ltd. . . 143 Mendaco .... 49 Millers Ltd. ... 62 M. H. Ltd. . 22, 63 Morgan Vernex . 162 Mungo Scott . .123 National In. Co. . 76 N. & R. . . 101, 109 Needham & Co. . 104 Nestle's .... 118 NG Aust. Line . . 3 Nile Products . . 94 Nirex 162 Nixoderm ... 123 Oliver Corp. . . 110 Pacific Cons'l'd. . 155 Parke Davis ... 66 P. I. Line .... 4 Papuan Prints . 163 Penfold, W. C. . 145 Piccaninny Wax 160 Qld. Insurance . 24 Old. Milling . . 70 Ransomes Co. . . 127 Reckitt's Blue . 127 Refrig. Inst. Co. 100 Riverstone Co. . . 32 Rohu, Sil . . . . 77 Rozema Bros. . 11l Sails & Covers . 11l Seppelt & Son . . 64 Seward Ltd. . .151 Shaw Savill ... 4 Shell Co. . . . 105 Sleepmakers Ltd. 57 Spruso Co. . . . 24 S.P.C 149 S.T.C. Ltd. ... 99 Stapleton Pty. . 151 Stewarts-Lloyds . 58 S. P. Brewery . . 54 Sthn. Pac. Ins. . 45 Sullivan Ltd. . . 95 Tait, W. S. . . . 73 Taylor & Co. . . 61 Thornycroft Co. . 137 Tilley Lamps . . 55 Til lock & Co. . . 92 Timber Development 12 Tongan Photos . 157 Tooheys Ltd. . . 114 Tooth & Co. . . 74 Turners Supply . 135 Tusculum . . . 100 Tyneside Eng. . . 97 United Radios . . 147 University Grahame . . . 150 Vacuum Oil Co. . 164 Valiant Rum . . 78 Vincent Bros. . . 10 Ventura . . 120, 168 Vi-Stim . . . .155 Vincent's APC . . 25 Wakefield Oil . . 31 Warnock ... 139 Westfield Meats . 44 Wilhelmsen, W. . 5 White Rose ... 33 Wise Bros ... 42 Wills Ltd 72 Wright & Co. .. 115 Wrigley's ... 129 Wunderlich Co. . 71 Yorkshire Ins. . . 69 Young, H. . . . 154 167 fc IF I C ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955

FIJI Aug..1939 July, '54 Am Emperor . . b9/ll bl7/9 sl3E Loloma . . .

S25/6 b27/b25!

PAPUA-NEW GUINEA Bulolo . . . bl24/s60/b50,( N.G.G, Ltd. . bl/10 bl/llVa sl/\ Oil Search . s3/ll b32/s6/\ Ent. of N.G. . s3/\ Oriomo Oil . b5/- S15/6 b3 A ' Papuan Apln. , b4/ll b7/2 s4/\ Placer Dev. . b68/6 b260/s3ir Sandy Creek . bl/5 s6d s96 Purchasers at Full Market Prices on Assay Value of

Gold, Silver

and PLATINUM Also Platinum Group Metals Some of Our Services: ASSAYERS & ANALYSTS.—Assays of Bullion, Ores, etc. Analyses of Metals, Minerals, Alloys, etc.

Scientific And Industrial

METALLURGISTS.—Our range of precious metal manufactures covers all industries —Gold and Silversmiths Electrical Trades, Dental Profession, Glass Sllverers, Electro- Platers, etc., etc.

REFlNERS.—Purchasers and Refiners of Bullion, Scrap, Mining By-Products, and Trade Residues of every description carrying Precious Metals.

Garrett, Davidson &

MATTHEY PTY., LTD., 824 George St., Sydney. Works: Surry Hills & Chippendale, N.S.W.

Official Assayers to Bank of N.S.W.

Gazetted Agents of Commonwealth Bank, under the Gold Regulations of the National Security Act.

Consign Your Shell To VENTURA TRADING CO. PTY. LTD.

26 Bridge Street, Sydney

We can offer highest prices for ail types of Shell and island Produce, and invite your inquiry.

Cables: “VENTURA,” Sydney.

Islands Produce

(Unless otherwise stated, quotations are in Australian currency. Aust. £ equals approximately 16/- Stg., NZ, or W.

Samoa; 18/- Fiji; 20/- Tonga, Solomons & WPHC areas; 140 Pac. Francs; $U52.23.) COPRA Price negotiated between British Ministry of Food and British South Pacific Territories for 1955 is £ Stg.6s, FOB main ports —a reduction of 7.149 r on the 1954 price. Stabilisation funds and other charges reduce the actual prices to producers to those given below, per ton: PAPUA - NEW GUINEA;—Hot A 1 r £69/15/-; PM (Sun) £69; Smoked £66/15/-.

FlJl:—Plantation £F63/5/6; FM £F63; moister grades to £FS9/15/- minimum.

W. SAMOA;—£S42/6/-, £S4I/18/-, and £ S4l/12/- ror the three gradings in use.

E. SAMOA;—Adjusted with free-market fluctuations. Currently $89.60 (£A4O approx.) per long ton. Periodic bonus if average proceeds exceed Government buying price.

SOLOMONS; —Honiara / Gizo; Hot Air £ A6B/10/-; Mixed HA/FM £A64; PM £AS9/10/-; Yandina: 5/- higher.

NEW HEBRIDES:—June 1: Merchants paying 6,250 Pac. francs (£A4S/6/-) delivered Vila/Santo.

FRENCH OCEANIA:—Latest quotation 6.25 Pac. francs per kilo (£A4S/F/aprox., per long ton) delivered in bulk, Papeete.

TONGA:—£AS9 and £AS3 per ton for the two gradings in use.

COOK IS.;—Growers receive £ Stg.37/3/to £ Stg.3o/6/- depending on quality and freight rates from particular island to Rarotonga.

COCOA: —Islands prices are based on the rate for Accra cocoa which, on Aug. 6, was £ Stg.27o f.o.b.

P.-N.G.: £A325, delivered Sydney.

W. SAMOA: Aug. 6; £Stg.3os, f.o.b.

Apia.

COFFEE:—P.-N.G.: Top grades 5/- lb.

PEANUTS:—P.-N.G.: Market only for Virginia Bunch, in shell, large, well cleaned, 1/4 per lb. delivered Sydney.

RUBBER:—P.-N.G. price is based on Singapore, which quoted Aug. 5, No. 1 RSS, spot 153 3 4 cents (54V2d Aust.).

VANILLA BEANS: Victor Karp, Tulk & Co.. Sydney, quoted Aug. 6: Buying price, c.i.f. Sydney, Tahiti White and Yellow label, processed, standard packs, 51/-.

Green, 49/-. Producers receiving 100 francs per kilo (15/3 Aust. per lb.) for uncured beans.

RICE (Australian); —Price adjusted May 1 each year. P.-N.G.: Dry brown and dressed £65 per ton, f.o.b. To other Territories £7B per ton, f.o.b.

PEARL SHELL.—Prices fixed between Torres Strait producers and Otto Gerr Co. (USA) for 1955: Sound grades, £A7; D. £ A 390; E, £A3OO; EE. £A225, f.o.b. Australian port. Manlhlki: £Stg.l. long ton, f.o.b. Rarotonga; Tuamo £A725, Tong ton, on beach, or £AIJ f.o.b. Papeete.

TROCHUS: —Aug. 1 in store Sydn subject to rejects: P.-N.G. to £425.

New Caledonia; 50.000 Pac. francs metric ton (£A357 approx.) in st< Noumea.

GREEN SNAIL:—P.-N.G., in sii Sydney, to £365, subject to rejects.

London And U.S. Prices

Copra:—London, Aug. 5; Straits, c.: £ Stg.64/5/-, Philippines SUSI7S, weights, Cont. Ports: N. Hebrides, aflf Aug. 5, 68,500 Metro, francs per long (£ ABB/10/-).

Cocoa:—London, July 15: Gold Coc September delivery, c.i.f. U.K., £Stg| per long ton; New York: Bahia, f.0.b.. cents lb. Futures: Sept., 34.24; E 34.55 cents lb.

Coffee: —London. July 15; Uganda nas robusta, unwashed, f.a.q., prompt delh: £Stg.244/10/; July-Aug. £Stg.24o/11 Aug. - Sept. £Stg.233/10/-; Sept. - ■ £Stg.227/10/-; Oct.-Nov. £Stg.22l/\ f.o.b. Mombasa; New York: Columbd spot 62V 2 cents lb.; Santos “Fours’” cents lb.

Trochus:—London. July 1: Singapj early delivery, £Stg.49s; Singapd Macassar, £Stg.46s c.i.f.

Greensnail: Singapore £Stg,36o c.i..

Rubber:—London, Aug. 5: Spot, but 42 3, 4 d Stg.; Oct.-Dec. 42T 7 8d Stg.

Islands Mining Sharp

Exchange Rates

FlJl.—Through BANK OF NSW, BANK and BANK OF NZ. Australia on i basis £lOO Fiji: Buying, £Alll/2/6; Sell; £ All 3. Fiji-London, basis £lOO Lone B. £llO/12/6; S. £ll2. NZ-Fijl, basis ; NZ: B. £lll/11/9; S. £llO/4/3.

SAMOA.—Through BANK OF NZ. tralia on Samoa, basis £lOO Sau B. £ A123/12/6; S. £AI24/10/9. Sau London, basis £lOO London: B. £IOO,C S. £lOl/10/-. Samoa-NZ, basis £lOO ( B. £100; S. £lOO/10/-. Samoa-Fiji, 1 £lOO Samoa: B. £111; S. £llO.

Papua - Ng.—Commonwealth Be

(Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Kavv Madang), BANK OF NSW (branches s Moresby, Lae, Bulolo, Rabaul, Mao, Samarai; agency: Wau) and ANZ BE (Port Moresby) quote exchange Australia-Papua-NG: 10/- per £lOO.

Bsl—Commonwealth Bank (Brt

at Honiara) quotes exchange rate tralia-BSI: 10/- per £lOO.

FR. PACIFIC COLONIES.—Pacific frn most valuable of the three franc gnj in French Union, are used in New » donia. New Hebrides, and Pr. Oceo FRENCH BANK (Comptoir Natl.

D’Escompte de Paris) in Sydney quu Selling 140 Pac. fr. to £Aust.: 180 ( fr. to £Stg.; 63 Pac. fr. to US $.

Published by PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS PTY. LTD., 29 Alberta Street, Sydney. (Telephone: MA 9197.) Wholly set up anu printed In Australia by the Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd., 29 Alberta Street Sydney.

Fly On The Luxury Level—Fiji Auckland

SERVICE

• Twice Weekly Service

• Pressurized Dc-6 Airliners

IN.-,.. f

• Choice Of Luxury First-Class

Or Economy Tourist Service

//

To U.S.A. And Canada

SAMOA TAHITI TONGA AITUTAKI SYDNEY MELBOURNE AUCKLAND V 'WELLINGTON TEAL Hibiscus Service Other TEAL Services Connecting Routes CHRISTCHURCH!

It costs no more to enjoy the extra comfort and convenience of TEAL pressurized DC-6 airliners on the Hibiscus service between Fiji and Auckland.

F ) luxury first-class accommodation with superb TEAL cuisine and wine service or economical, comfortable, Tourist accommodation.

Twice weekly return service. Choice of Arrive refreshed after a mere 5-hours over-the-weather flight in pressurized DC-6 comfort. wm

Reservations, Inquiries : Leading Travel

Agents Everywhere And Teal Offices At

Suva, Auckland, Wellington And

CHRISTCHURCH.

WMMi 3 Trans-Tasman air routes, the Hibiscus Service (Fiji-Auckland) and the Coral Route to Tahiti.

TASMAN EMPIRE AIRWAYS LIMITED in association with Qantas and 8.0.A.C.

AUGUST, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

ill Ms Ik

General Merchants

-.:3s Capital £1,000,000 ESTABLISHED 1914

General Merchants

and PROVIDORES

Trade Throughout The Pacific

OVER FORTY YEARS OF PACIFIC ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICE

Buyers And Exporters Of All Kinds

OF ISLAND PRODUCE, COPRA, COCOA, M.O.P. SHELL, TROCAS SHELL, ETC.

) Agents For Australian, European

) AND AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS.

\ Distributors Of Every Description

( OF MERCHANDISE.

Through our Sydney office, branches and agents, we distribute a wide and comprehensive range of general merchandise.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Head Office: 16 O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Cable Address: Telephone: Postal Address: “CAMOHE.” BW 4421. G.P.0., Box 168, Sydney.

In London: W. R. Carpenter & Co. (London) Ltd., 13 Rood Lane, London, E.C.3.

ASSOCIATED COMPANIES THROUGHOUT THE PACIFIC: IN NEW GUINEA: IN PAPUA; IN FIJI: New Guinea Company Limited, Island Products Ltd., W. R. Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Rabaul, Lae, Madang, Kavieng. Port Moresby. Ltd., Suva.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY AUGUST, 1955