Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. 57, No. 12 ( Dec. 1, 1986)
1986-12-01 · uncorrected OCR from NLA scans

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY American Samoa US$2.00 Australia AS2.00 Cook Islands NZ$3.00 Fiji f$1.75 Hawaii US$2.50 Kiribati A$2.00 Nauru A$2.00 New Caledonia CFP250 New Zealand NZ$3.30 find. frt. and GST) Niue NZ$2.50 Norfolk Island A$2.00 Papua New Guinea K2.00 Solomon Islands SS2.00 Tahiti CFP300 Tonga P2.00 Tuvalu AS2.00 USA US$3.00 USTT and Guam US$2.50 Vanuatu VT2.00 Western Samoa T2.75 •Recommended retail price only Registered by Australia Post Publication No. NBP1210 DECEMBER, 1986 4 Il[ift TWi ft L' rr n ffiMiMiiri ?yiTflffiflfnK t> BKiiiiMSMMfc \;--, mMdmA *ja

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THE COVER Sir Julius Chan.

Photo: Shar Adams PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY Vol. 57, No. 12, December, 1986.

Gaston Flosse 14 PaiasWingti 19 Kalpokor Kalsakau 34 Jean-Marie Tjibaou 16

In This Issue

A TUNA DEAL AT LAST: But it wasn’t all plain sailing at the OQ last round of talks between United States and islands negotiators at Nukualofa. U.S. roving ambassador Ed Derwinski came in at the eleventh hour to help clinch a deal. Our correspondent on the scene has exclusive details of the behind-the-scenes wrangles that led to an historic agreement.

But, as he points out, the time for celebration is not yet.

PROGRESS NOT PROTEST : Islanders at Kwajalein atoll, who 1 O have in the past complained of U.S. “apartheid” policies on the * island missile testing range have now decided that development is more important than protest. After years of tension between the atoll owners and the government in Majuro, the various leaders are moving towards compromise.

LIBYA TRAINING A MISTAKE: FLNKS leader Jean-Marie e Tjibaou now believes that sending a group of young Kanaks for ■& “self defence training” in Libya was a mistake. He told a Washington meeting of the Pacific Islands Association that his vision was of a peaceful and independent New Caledonia The meeting was less than impressed by the two Gastons Flosse and Sigur the first because of his over-willingness to speak at great length, the second for just the opposite.

DID SIR JULIUS DO SOMETHING WRONG?: He certainly 1Q doesn’t think so. In a frank interview the PNG deputy prime 1 * minister defends his purchase of shares in Placer Pacific and challenges his critics to put up or shut up. But still the controversy rages, with prime minister Wingti indicating that he’ll set up a commission of inquiry if the critics can produce any evidence to back their claims.

KALSAKAU REPEATS SECRECY PLEDGE; The Vanuatu o„ finance minister underlines his backing for the secrecy rules in M Vanuatu banking. Anxious to play down publicity gained by Vanuatu's diplomatic links with Libya and the communist bloc countries, he has again told foreigners that the government strongly supports the Vanuatu Finance Centre whose clients will continue to be assured of confidentiality.

FRENCH MASTERSPY REVEALS SECRETS: Former head oo of the French security service responsible for the Rainbow 00 Warrior bombing talks about his life as a spy chief and boasts of his achievments in disabling “pacifist” vessels in Australian ports.

BID TO KEEP THE ISLANDS ENGLISH: Australia’s Monroe a-\ Doctrine for the South Pacific was alive and well at federation and before. And at least one top Australian military man connived with the “mother country” to gather intelligence on French activities in the region. But before thought turned to action, the “entent cordiale” intervened.

CONTENTS American Samoa 59 Books 44 Deaths 57 Fiji 13,32 French Polynesia 8,38 Guam 6 Kwajalein 12 Letters 9,10 Marshalls 8 New Caledonia 16 Palau 8 Papua New Guinea 19-24 PIM opinion 5 Service Page 68 Tonga 29-31 Vanuatu 34 Western Samoa 8 Wallis and Futuna 8 Australian cover price is recommended retail only. Registered by Australia Post publication No. NBPI2IO.

Copyright Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty. Ltd 3 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986 Editor Russell Hunter Advertising Manager Richard Thomson Advertising Sales Lawson Dixon Editorial Adviser John Carter A Pacific Publications production Founded 1930 by R. W. Robson (USPS 952480) 76 Clarence Street, Sydney, 2000.

GPO Box 3408, Sydney, 2001.

Cables: PACPUB Sydney.

Telex: 21242 (answers INTARAD).

Telephone: Sydney 20-231. Melbourne 652-1111 Manager: John Berry (03) 652-1111 Ext. 1860 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY is published monthly by Pacific Publications (Aust) Pty.

Ltd. of 76 Clarence Street, Sydney. NSW, Australia. Second class postage paid at Honolulu, Hawaii. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY, PO Box 22250, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.

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Pim Opinion

Fair shares for all The recent predicament of Sir Julius Chan in Port Moresby will not have gone unnoticed elsewhere.

For every businesman-politician in the region risks the same treatment almost every day.

Sir Julius Chan’s defence that, as a businessman, he would have been foolish to pass up an opportunity to buy shares in Placer Pacific Ltd at a bargain price (within months of the company’s launch on the Sydney stock exchange with shares of $1 each, the price had trebled) is, on the surface, reasonable.

But, as always in politics, there are other considerations.

The facts that Sir Julius is his country’s finance minister, that the PNG government negotiated hard for a large parcel of shares to be allocated within PNG and that he managed to round up more shares than just about anybody else in the country are all highly relevant.

It may also be relevant that several of the share applications with which he was connected were successful in full while most other applicants received only half of their requests for the highly-sought shares.

Now, had Sir Julius been a businessman with no interest in politics and no seat in the cabinet all the above would have passed unremarked.

But, as he well knows, people in public life are expected to behave differently from private citizens.

Rightly or wrongly, people expect their leaders to be above human failing. And to suggest, as a leading Australian newspaper, did that this is less true in undeveloped countries is a throwback to the paternal colonialism that has been widely rejected.

The question, of course, is: Has Sir Julius done anything wrong? It’s easier to ask than answer.

That he has done something at least technically wrong is clear from the country’s leadership code which prohibits leaders buying shares in foreign controlled companies without the prior permission of the Ombudsman Commission. But he, at least, was open about it unlike others, including some of his critics in government and opposition who, it turns out, had also purchased shares.

That, of course, didn’t stop them from criticising Sir Julius.

Now, however, they’re all in the same boat MPs, judges, public servants and others including the members of the Ombudsman Commission themselves (though one of them acquired his holding before his appointment and can hardly be held culpable for that).

It appears to be a constitutional impasse. If the inquiry finds that all leaders who have bought shares are in breach of the law, it could be possible for the Ombudsman Commission to issue retrospective permission for the purchases Under the circumstances that may be the most workable solution. But can the ombudsmen issue such permission to themselves?

And the wider issue is the acceptability or otherwise of MPs being involved in business dealings.

Sir Julius, for example, regarded his investment as just another business opportunity. So, presumably, did his colleagues, although a number of them did not hesitate to join the public outcry that greeted the announcement of Sir Julius’ market activity. But are business dealings the concern of MPs as private citizens or as very public politicians?

In any case, Sir Julius and the other MP’s will answer to the electors, as he has done so often before, and they will give their opinion in next year’s general election.

And, in passing, let’s note that it was Port Moresby’s vigorous free press that first brought the affair to light. Be it also noted that PNG has now signed a treaty of ’’mutual respect, friendship and co-operation” with a country in which that would not have been possible. 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

pacific report

Png, Indonesia

Sign Treaty

Papua New Guinea and Indonesia have signed a treaty committing the two countries not to threaten or use force against each other. The Treaty of Mutual Respect, Friendship and Co-operation was signed in Port Moresby by PNG foreign minister, Mr Legu Vagi and his Indonesian counterpart, Dr Mochtar Kusumaatmaja. At the signing ceremony, Dr Mochtar said the treaty represented a basis for building on what he called “A remarkable increase” in cooperation between the two countries.

Under the treaty proposed by Papua New Guinea the two countries agree to settle any disputes by arbitration and conciliation. As a last resort, the United Nations could be asked to adjudicate.

Vagi said a framework for the peaceful resolution of disputes was highly desirable. The agreement also provides for mutual recognition of national interests along the 760-kilometre border. However, it does not allow for joint border military operations, nor for the extradition of each other’s citizens. Officials in Port Moresby said the treaty would not affect the status of the 11,000 Irian Jayan border crossers now living in Papua New Guinea. However, Dr Mochtar, in a later address to the PNG Press Club intimated that Indonesia may seek joint military action on the border at a later date. He was asked about another treaty still under discussion that would provide for joint emergency search and rescue operations in the border area and whether such provisions could be used to disguise search and destroy missions against OPM activists. He replied that if Indonesia wanted a specific joint military action, "We would be frank about it.

There may come a time when we have such co-operation.” Vagi, however, later ruled out the use of force against the OPM rebels. In a meeting with representatives of two Swedish women’s peace movements, he said the use of the PNG Defence Force against the OPM was very unlikely but, he said, the government would try to ensure through regular consultation that there was no border conflict. The Opposition claimed the treaty was an effort to legalise the genocide of Melanesians in Irian Jaya.

Opposition foreign affairs spokesman, Mr John Giheno, said the government had blundered in proposing the treaty and the motives behind it were sinister as it promoted the passive genocide of Melanesians in Indonesia's border province. Giheno said the treaty also prevented future PNG governments from raising concerns about human rights abuses in Irian Jaya. He also said that PNG would not now be able to protest against any violation of its border by Indonesia without such a protest being considered unfriendly conduct.

Satellite Town

Goes To Tender

Fiji will invite overseas investors to tender for sites in the commercial centre of a satellite town to be developed at Valelevu, 10 kms north of Suva. Housing minister, Mr Edward Beddoes, said the venture would be the first of its kind in Fiji. The first stage, costing $2.5 million wilh include commercial and office premises, supermarkets, a market place and some housing. The project will be centred on the Nasinu district where the population has doubled to 40,000 in the last 10 years. Mr Beddoes said this could double again with the development of the satellite town. Valelevu already has an industrial estate with 30 factories and commercial premises. It will eventually be the centre of municipal administration for the area.

State Of Emergency

On French Island

France declared a state of emergency on its Pacific territory of Wallis and Futuna following reported unrest among local traditional chiefs. The decision was announced by the French Embassy in Canberra where a spokesman told Reuters that the French High Commissioner in New Caledonia, Mr Jean Montpezat had declared the emergency and had sent 30 policemen from Noumea to re-inforce the five in the two island groups. The unrest followed the transfer of eight French public servants. Reuters reported that Wallis’ King Tavelua had expressed his disappointment at the transfers and that some high chiefs wanted to stage a protest outside the home of the administrator, Mr Jacques Le Henaff. Some members of the territorial assembly told the newsagency by telephone that the emergency decision was unnecessary and an over-reaction.

The state of emergency was lifted after only one day, the French newsagency, AFP, reported, quoting Le Henaff as saying the situation had returned to normal. However, he told AFP that he would not hesitate to reimpose the emergency ruling if things again got out of hand. Wallis and Futuna has a population of about 10,000, mostly Polynesians.

Riots, Looting As

OKUK DIES PNG highlands politician, Sir lambakey Okuk, died on November 14 reportedly of liver cancer. His death sparked riots and the looting of shops during a state funeral in Port Moresby. Highlanders who felt insulted that a national day of mourning had not been declared and that people were working normally, blocked main roads and fought with police. Local criminal elements took advantage of the confusion. Long time Port Moresby residents said it was the worst rioting the capital had seen. Later, there was further rioting as Sir lambakey’s body was taken to the highlands centres of Mount Hagen, Goroka and, finally, Kundiawa near Sir lambakey’s home village. He was 32 and buried peacefully on November 23. Sir lambakey was the last of the ’’action man” highlands politicians, a man who desperately wanted to be the first highlands prime minister. A politician for whom the end was always more important than the means, he was superseded by a younger, more intellectual brand of MP as typified by Mr Paias Wingti the first highlands prime minister.

Kenilorea Forced

TO QUIT Solomon Islands prime minister, Sir Peter Kenilorea, resigned after losing the support of six senior ministers. He had earlier come under fire from all sides after accepting an aid offer from France's South Pacific minister, Mr Gaston Flosse, to rebuild a school and other buildings in Sir Peter’s home village after the damage caused by Cyclone Namu.

Sir Peter vehemently denied any wrongdoing saying all reconstruction aid was welcome. In his letter of resignation, he did not refer to the affair but merely noted that his support had dwindled to a level where could not effectively run the government. Parliament was to meet early this month to elect a new prime minister.

Call To Halt

Localisation Policy

A report on Papua New Guinea’s labour market has recommended that the government drop its policy of full localisation of the public service. Under current policy, all but the most technical positions are filled by Papua New Guineans. 6 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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In a report for the Institute of National Affairs in Port Moresby, Dr Paul McGavin of Flinders University, South Australia, said the government should be more concerned with developing the competence of nationals rather than giving them jobs. He said that for the development of the nation and of its citizens’ skills, localisation of jobs should not come too early. Dr McGavin’s report contains 52 recommendations, including an annual review of the labour market, continued government support for the Minumum Wages Board and the abolition of wage indexation.

No Entry For

Opm Deportee

The Papua New Guinea government has denied entry to an Irian Jayan originally deported in 1979. Foreign affairs officials rejected a visa application by Mr John Ondowame, who now lives in Sweden, on the grounds of his previous deportation and conviction of being a member of an Irian Jayan independence movement. His visa application, originally approved, was later rejected. Ondowame was to have accompanied two members of a Swedish women's peace movement to PNG.

Tourism Gets

Top Priority

Western Samoa has decided to make tourism development a very high priority.

The country's minister for economic developmemt Le Tagaloa Pita and finance minister Pualagi both told the national economic summit in Apia that the government was committed to developing the industry as the nation’s major earner of foreign currency. They said about $25 million had already been spent on improving the industry and more would be spent during the next five years. However, the conference emphasised the need to retain the country’s cultural identity in any tourism development and heavily rejected a suggestion to open a casino.

Marshalls Get

Self Government

After 17 years of negotiations with the United States, the Marshall Islands have become self governing. The Compact of Free Association, now in effect, allows the Marshalls government to make its own laws while remaining dependent on the US in defence matters. The new status was marked by a state of the nation speech by president Amata Kabua who said it was not the government but the people of the islands who should take credit for their emergence as a free nation. The change was approved by the islanders in a referendum last year. For nearly 40 years, the Marshall Islands had been part of the United States Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The compact applies for 15 years and is renewable.

No Deal For

Soviet Fleet

Kiribati announced it would not renew its fishing agreement with the Soviet Union.

The announcement came hard on the heels of the agreement reached by the United States and island officials on a fishery access deal. The Kiribati deal with the Soviet, which expired in October, was worth about $3 million. The Kiribati minister for natural resources, Mr Barbera Kirata, said the Soviets had wanted to reduce the number of their fishing boats and pay less than half the previous agreed rate.

Labour Wants To

Scrap Tv Deal

The Fiji Labour Party says it will try to scrap Fiji’s new television agreement with the Australian group owned by Mr Kerry Packer. The assistant secretary of the party, Mr Mahendra Chaudhry, said Mr Packer’s PBL Ltd had been given a 12-year monopoly on television in Fiji without a study of its social consequences. He told a Sydney conference on the Pacific that if Labour wins power in next year’s general elections, it will try to end the agreement.

Minister Raps

Union Bosses

Vanuatu’s trade union leaders have been criticised by home affairs minister, Mr Sethy Regenvanu. The minister said union chiefs had travelled overseas without his consent in contravention of the Trade Union Act. He said union leaders had also formed associations with external bodies, also without his permission. Regenvanu also said foreign organisations had come to Vanuatu and had become involved in the unions’ internal affairs. He said union leaders should spend more time in Vanuatu looking after the interests of their members than travelling overseas.

Population At

Record Level

Tonga officials said they expect the national census, due to be held last month, to show a total population of more than 100,000 for the first time. The census was to be held throughout Tonga’s 36 inhabited islands from November 24-28. At the last full census in 1976, the population was just over 90,000, nearly 13,000 more than in the 1966 count. A “mini census” in 1984 put the figure at 96,592. The government allotted about $23,000 for the census and statistical work which, for the first time will be done in Tonga rather than Fiji as previously. More than 400 teachers and statistics department officials will conduct the survey.

France Reviews

Vanuatu Aid

A French government ministerial committee on the South Pacific is to review France’s aid program in Vanuatu, currently amounting to about $24 million a year. The committee may decide to divert some of this money through a French economic co-operation fund for development projects in the region.

Reporting the impending establishment of the fund La Depeche De Tahiti said it would be welcomed by francophiles throughout the region who were “fed up” with the attitudes of certain countries hostile to the very idea of a French presence within the South Pacific. La Depeche named Vanuatu prime minister, Fr Walter Uni, pointing out that while he had the “bad taste” to criticise France, his country continued to receive French aid. The newspaper also reported that French Polynesian Under Secretary of State for South Pacific Affairs, Gaston Flosse, who has never hidden his irritation at Vanuatu’s views, said: “French aid in the region must not be reduced." However, according to La Depeche he hinted that it might distributed differently. He was reported to have said in Noumea: “French aid must be distributed differently. This is under review and countries like Vanuatu cannot receive more money while they are doing all they can to chase us out of the Pacific.” Vanuatu, however, seemed undeterred at the implied threat. The country’s representative in the United Nations, Mr Robert Van Lirop, while speaking in support of New Caledonia's reinscription with the decolonisation committee, told the General Assembly: “We have also been told that economic aid to Vanuatu will be terminated if we persist in bringing the question of New Caledonia to the United Nations. This is a most unfortunate suggestion. Naturally we do not want to see this aid terminated. Vanuatu is, after all, a small developing country. In fact it is one of the least developed countries. However, we will not be intimidated in this way, or in any other manner. Similar threats have been made and carried out against other countries. Vanuatu is not the first and probably will not be the last to be treated in this fashion. We regret this, but such is life. We have always believed that the administering power is above such actions. We still hope that it is. However, if it is not, Vanuatu will survive and New Caledonia will still become independent.

Nothing will stop that process." 8 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

letters Historic houses could be tourist attraction Recently, Nahau Rooney, PNG’s minister for tourism, foreshadowed a new program for the industry which she described as a future economic asset of importance.

One of the best attractions any country can offer visitors is the material legacy of its history embodied in historic monuments. And, in PNG, Milne Bay and China Strait offer several historic buildings of potentially great tourist value.

Their survival however, is now in jeopardy. Overlooking the sea lanes used by cruise ships, these dilapidated buildings are regularly visited by parties of tourists.

Two of these structures (erected in 1895 and c 1905) may fairly claim to be the earliest surviving buildings on that coast and may well be the oldest complete buildings still standing in PNG.

While many Pacific scholars will be aware of the origins of these buildings, others may be interested to know more.

The first is the resident magistrate’s house at Samarai. Now defaced by smoke and grime, its exact date of construction is unclear, but is probably pre- -1914. It may have been partly rebuilt in 1942 when the town was partly demolished.

It appears to need only a coat of paint being structurally sound and could become a focal point for the tourist trade.

The second is St Paul’s Anglican Church at Samarai built in 1914 and the only builiding to survive the war unscathed. The steep-pitched roof is leaking badly leading to general decay inside.

A third at Fife Bay (Isuleilei) was built by the Rev C. F. Rich of the LMS after 1902 and is in excellent structural condition.

With a superb harbour view and being within easy reach of Alotau when the new road is built, this could again be a great tourist attraction. Generations of the Suau people were educated there over the past 80 years.

However, I believe Kwato mission house, built in 1895, to be the oldest house still standing in PNG. Its decay is accelerating and nothing less than an immediate “holding operation” will save it. I stayed in the house several times in the 70s but could do more than walk on boards above beams in the ’Bos.

Complete with marble fireplace, the building could still be saved if action is taken now.

Other buildings on the island include a graceful stone chapel of traditional Massim design, late 19th century workshops, a steam sawmill built in 1905, a small hospital as well as the main house itself all owned by the United Church.

The overseas churches lack the heart for its preservation, however, while the PNG church only lacks the money.

Immediate action, meanwhile, is all that will save this historic building.

What makes a nation, Renan said, is “the possession in common of a legacy of memories.”

And surely these buildings in the Samarai area will one day be recognised as treasured parts of the national estate and their upkeep regarded as a national task.

In the case of Kwato house, however, help is needed today rather than tomorrow.

The protection of such buildings has implications far wider than for the United Church or even tourism. Builidings of historic significance are an asset to the people of any nation.

DAVID WETHERRELL, Deakin University, Melbourne.

The rear hall of the mission house at Kwato. Both the Fife Bay and Kwato houses were extended to accommodate large numbers of children from nearby villages. 9 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Growing interest The review by Mr J Cornell of the travel guide and handbook Sudsee by Eberhard Stahn was very well done.

No doubt there is a strong and growing interest in Pacific affairs among German scholars and the general public. This has been the case for quite a few years.

With keen eyes and sometimes with sorrow we observe developments.

Mr Cornell mentions the ommissions in Stahn’s work of the Maoris and Papua New Guinea.

But one should add that the handbook series of Mai’s Reisefuhrer Verlag contains several books, each one dealing with certain regions of the Pacific.

Thus, number 15 is the volume on New Zealand, number 36 deals with Australia and, in number 33, I myself have written extensively on Papua New Guinea. Every book, then, should be seen in connection with the total presentation of Pacific publications in the German language.

There are hundreds of high quality accounts in our bookshelves, but, of course, they are hardly noticed by non-German speaking people.

Dr FRIEDRICH STEINBAUER, German Pacific Society, Munich, West Germany.

Typical bias on New Caledonia The biased article “Dien Bien Thio” by Helen Fraser in October PIM cannot go unanswered.

When Fraser left New Caledonia claiming to be the victim of “white bully boys” we all thought that we would now be in for an era of unbiased reporting in the English language press.

But this latest article was vintage biased and information-selective Fraser.

What she failed to mention about the “siege of Thio” by Eloi Machoro was that the militaire and the white inhabitants were prevented from taking decisive action on the express orders of the High Commissioner E Pisani. There were numerous instances when the people of Thio appealed to the militaire to take action instead of standing and observing the FLNKS ransack the houses, but were told that nothing could be done as they were under orders not to interfere and cause a confrontation.

At the same time the militaire prevented equally militant whites from attacking Machoro, again on orders from the High Commissioner.

Had the militaire been allowed to function as they were trained to, without the biased restraint of Pisani and the socialist administration, the “siege of Thio” need never have occurred.

From what we can recall, Fraser has never mentioned Pisani’s restraint in any of her reports, but rather has stressed the attitude of the Kanaks, and has always shown the anti-independentists to be wrong and somehow evil.

Perhaps we could have received some more even reporting if Fraser had had more than a rudimentary knowledge of French, and could have understood all that was said to her. Perhaps PIM could take a hint from this last point and position a reporter here who really understands French.

When you do, we may then get a true and unbiased picture in your journal.

ANDREE BAUMIER, Vice President, Comite d’Actions Patriotiques, Noumea.

Helen Fraser’s command of French is thought good enough for her to be appointed official interpreter in several conferences. As for the events in Thio, Mr Pisani arrived when the “siege” was almost over, which makes Ms Baumier’s claims less than credible. She appears to be of the view that anything less than solid support for the more right wing caldoches is biased. We do not agree.

Editor.

Editorial full of misconceptions Your August editorial on the problems related to the two major races in Fiji appears to be based on misinformation and misconceptions.

PIM stated that the landless people (Indians) have no problem but even a smart fool would realise that only the dead have no problems.

Then you ended up condemning the positive contribu- Hons made by missionaries, businessmen, anthropologists, sociologists and especially economists in regard to Fiji’s development.

Let me remind you that the British whom you forgot to condemn and the European minority do own a significant portion of capital in Fiji today.

You also messed up historical, political, social and economic issues into a mixed up story of a whinger.

PIM offered no viable solution but blames the indigenous people for not changing their social and moral values overnight to facilitate investment in indigenous industries.

This is something that everyone in Fiji would very much like to take place overnight but, unfortunately, there are restrictions.

Your magazine is dangerous and harmful to Fiji’s multiracial society because it fuels racial animosity.

SETARIKI CULA, Monash University, Australia.

Mr Cula resorts to the timetested stratagem of criticising what was not said. Space prohibits mention of all his own misconceptions. Suffice to say that the editorial did not blame anyone. Nor did it use the word “overnight”, nor did it confine itself to racial differences in Fiji. Editor. 10 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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New moves at KMR Make progress not protest A STORMY protests at the Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR) earlier this year propelled the American-controlled military base into headlines around the world. The six month “campin” protest by Kwajalein landowners on military held land was put down by the Marshall Islands government when it forcibly evicted the islanders with court approved action.

When infuriated landowners responded with a physical blockade of the Ebeye pier, preventing Marshallese KMR workers from getting to their jobs at the base three miles away, the Marshall Islands government declared an unprecedented state of emergency.

Calm returned to Ebeye when President Amata Kabua met with landowner leaders, persuading them to give up the protests.

Months after the demonstrations ended at Kwajalein and Ebeye in May, Kwajalein leaders are now seeking progress not protest.

Kwajalein leaders have contended for years that both the United States and their own government ignore the severe social and public health problems on crowded Ebeye island.

With 8000 people living on 78 acres (24 hectares) Ebeye has one of the highest population densities in the Pacific.

Of that population, more than 5000 are Kwajalein landowners who cannot use twothirds of their atoll, the largest in the world, and lagoon which is a target for the MX and other US missiles launched from California. Many other Marshall Islanders have moved to Ebeye looking for jobs at the missile range.

Since 1983, the young and energetic administration of Mayor Alvin Jacklick, Ebeye’s first elected mayor, has emerged as a leading force for change on an island that serves as the US Army’s labour camp.

Jacklick, along with other elected Kwajalein leaders, formed the Kwajalein Atoll Development Authority (KADA) which has designed a development plan that will, as part of a $2OO million redevelopment scheme, disperse Ebeye’s population on six islands to the north which will be connected by a new reef causeway.

Despite an often tense relationship between Kwajalein leaders and the national Marshall Islands government in Majuro 200 miles away, both sides are moving towards conciliation on long range development plans for the atoll.

For the US Army, improvements in living conditions on Ebeye are essential to unhindered use of the missile range which will be playing a central role in the Reagan administration’s controversial “Star Wars” weapons program. Despite years of Kwajalein landowner calls for action on life threatening health conditions, and protests which met with US indifference, it is only in recent months after years of a military “boot camp” attitude prevailing in its relations towards Ebeye that the Army has started working with Kwajalein leaders.

One of the first improvements KADA launched was the construction of a new power station and desalination plant that will operate off waste heat from the electrical generators.

At peak capacity, it is expected to produce about 300,000 gallons of fresh water daily, and greatly reduce Ebeye’s dependence on Kwajalein for fresh water which is now barged in by the Army several times a week at substantial cost to the Marshallese.

The power plant is nearly finished and should go on line this month. The Army is currently in negotiation with KADA on the possibility of the Ebeye station providing a portion of KMR’s electricity needs.

Dispersing the congested Ebeye population, coupled with developing housing and zoning laws to allow for even development of recreation, housing and business areas, is the only way to solve community problems such as the burgeoning crime rate, said Mayor Jacklick.

To grapple with the population crunch KADA, which is funded through US grants, listed the multi-million causeway project as a top priority.

In behind-the-scenes-political maneouvering, however, President Kabua called for new housing developments on the atoll to be placed ahead of the causeway. A measure of the concilliatory attitude among the normally outspoken Kwajalein leaders was their response to the President’s plan which did not follow Kwajalein’s detailed 15-year development plan.

Jacklick immediately hailed the housing plan for Gugeegue, an island separated from Ebeye by six miles of reef and several islands, as a “good way to confront the population problem on Ebeye.” By moving people off Ebeye, it will give the government the opportunity to demolish old dilapidated houses there and build new housing, business and community facilities, he said.

An astute politician himself, Jacklick is certain that the establishment of a new community on Gugeegue will increase the demand for the causeway to Ebeye. The only way to get to Gugeegue now is by boat, an expensive mode of travel. The causeway project is in the final stages of review and could begin early next year.

According to the Compact of Free Association between the Marshalls and the US, KADA will receive about $2OO million for development work, which will include a new elementary school and Ebeye’s first high Mayor Alvin Jacklick. Photo: Gift Johnson. 12 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

J CAROLINE BRIGGS ' / MARTIN WOLFF V, International Lawyer—Barrister— Solicitor International Lawyer—Barrister—Solicitor Civil - Criminal Litigation Copyright - Trademark Immigration - Personal Injury Employment Discrimination - Civil Rights Civil Litigation - Business Real Estate - Immigration Land Use - Environmental Personal Injury - Constitutional Attorney Malpractice Admitted to Practice Hawaii - Indiana Kingdom of Tonga Admitted to Prac tic e Alaska - California - Hawaii Northern Mariana Islands USDC Kingdom ol Tonga Republic of Palau Trust Territory of the Pac itic 941 River Street, Suite 260, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 • (808)526-1100 IT school, sports fields now singularly lacking on Ebeye and community centres, townhouse clusters for the displaced Kwajalein landowners, and a variety of sanitation improvements.

While trying to get its 15 year plan underway, KADA also has to fight fires on Ebeye resulting from years of neglect. Sanitation conditions are woeful, and in mid-September KADA voted $50,000 in emergency funds to immediately construct several blocks of flush toilets for families who use the Ebeye beaches to discharge human waste.

Ebeye’s life line to the outside world is its dock. To stave off the imminent collapse of the Ebeye pier resulting from poor construction and battering by container vessels, KADA is set to begin emergency repairs.

Although frequent disputes over the way the Marshall Islands government distributes US compensation payments to the Kwajalein landowners could stir future protests, most Kwajalein leaders are now focusing on giving their atoll a facelift.

But making Ebeye, labelled a “biological time bomb” by the UN during the 19705, and adjacent islands habitable is no small task.

If the US delivers promised financial aid and if the Army command at Kwajalein shows new initiative to aid Ebeye, conditions on Kwajalein afford the US the best chance it has had for achieving stability in what have traditionally been turbulent relations with the Marshallese.

Changing the face of Ebeye won’t solve inherent and visible inequities between Kwajalein’s country-club like atmosphere and high standard of living where the 3000 American technicians live and Ebeye three miles away.

But, observes Jacklick, the proposed developments will do much to alleviate the worst of the rampant disease, high suicide and youth crime rates, and life threatening public health conditions prevalent on Ebeye today.

The development of Kwajalein Atoll “will give the kids better opportunities for the future,” said Jacklick.

Giff Johnson.

Writ seeks to make MPs pay When King Tauja’ahau Tupou IV closed the Tongan Parliament early last month, he ended one of the most memorable legislative sittings in Tonga’s history.

Among the highlights, a controversial five per cent sales tax was imposed along with a flat 10 per cent income tax for all people with incomes above A 52,000.

After the passage of the legislation, parliamentarians conducted fonos, or public meetings in villages throughout the kingdom to explain the new law.

It was the second time in 123 years of parliament that such a series of meetings had been held.

And hard on the heels of the meetings came a monthly newspaper called Kelea (conch shell) published for the purpose of explaining the law. Since its first issue, the paper has become a sensation.

People queue outside the Friendly Islands Bookstore in Nuku’alofa for the mimeographed sheet which has trumpeted alarming allegations of mis-spending by high government officials.

Meanwhile, some weeks previously a writ had been issued against 25 of the 28 members of the legislative assembly by ’lpefi Siale of Ta’anea, Vava’u.

He seeks judgedment against the speaker of the house Kalanivalu Fotofili and finance minister James Cecil Conker, for authorising allegedly excessive entitlements for legislators taking part in the fonos.

He calls for judgement against the other 23 alleging they knowingly accepted excessive payments.

Siale claims in the writ that the named parliamentarians received overpayments totalling over $176,000. He calls for the MPs to refund the money and the cost of any future court proceedings.

The MPs had 28 days to respond to the allegations.

While the Kelea has served as a government watchdog, the Tonga Chronicle, the government’s newspaper, had its coverage censored.

The report of the writ being filed ran on the front page of the Tongan language edition of October 31. However, the English edition was held for nearly a week at the printer. Eventually the edition went to press with no mention of the existence of the writ.

In a later issue the Chronicle’s editor reprinted a 1969 interview with the king about the role of the press. In it, the king said the free press was needed and that leaders should learn to live with criticism.

Willy Fukofuka, editor of Kelea said he was pleased to see the reprint of the king’s comments on the role of the press because it reflected the views aired in the third issue of his paper.

The only MPs not named in the writ were Crown Prince Tupouto’a, prime minister Prince Fatafehi Tui’pelehake and deputy prime minister, Baron Tuita.

The king of Tonga. 13 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Awful and worse in Washington talk show The US officials were awful, but the French were worse, was a common American reaction to the South Pacific policy conference mounted in Washington by the Pacific Islands Association (PIA) and by Georgetown University’s Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).

Entitled “Oceania at a Crossroad: Strategic Considerations for the Western Alliance” the well-organised conference brought a series of important Pacific basin issues to the fore: tuna rights, nuclear issues, development assistance and decolonisation. It also provided official Washington with a chance to hear, first-hand, half a dozen island leaders.

But neither official Washington nor the news media paid much attention. Dr. Gaston Sigur, the new Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, made a bland and optimistic opening speech, and left the room; his deputy participated in the next panel, and then followed his boss back to the State Department.

But if the ranking Americans appeared somewhat insensitive, the ranking Frenchmen were more so. The Ambassador to Washington, Emmanuel de Margerie, while speaking elegant English, was stiff-necked in his defence of France’s nuclear policies.

The flamboyant President of French Polynesia and French Secretary of State for Territorial Affairs, Gaston Flosse, consumed much of the conference’s time, arguing his points at length and through an interpreter. Flosse had another distinction; he was the only official present with his own television cameraman in tow.

Most of the audience consisted of Washington-based public policy specialists with various arms of the US Government, and with other American institutions such as universities (Georgetown, Johns Hopkin and the Naval Academy), think tanks (Carnegie Endowment, Cato Institute and the New Trans Century Foundation) and lobbies (the American Tunaboat Association, Greenpeace and Coca Cola).

The conference began with a discussion of strategic considerations; the Americans emphasised the dangers of the growing Russian presence, and the disappointments that other nations had experienced with Soviet initiatives. They suggested that the Russian threat was a major problem in the region, if not the major problem. Other speakers took different approaches.

The ranking Australian present, the Washington embassy’s deputy chief of mission, Tim McDonald, suggested that the question of “decolonisation of New Caledonia was not being handled by the French in such a way as to meet the needs of the Western Alliance. ”

He called for a “sensitivity on the part of metropolitan powers.”

Similarly, Dalton West, a visiting New Zealand scholar (Massey University) now at Georgetown’s CSIS and one of the conference organisers, talked about looking at the problem from a Pacific point of view, from “inside the fish bowl.” He spoke of the problems of “militarisation of the region” and said that many people in the region were “made nervous by the US decision to construct a 600-ship navy. ”

West pointed out that there is “plenty of room for hypocrisy in The two Gastons - Monsieur Flosse (left) the flamboyant president of French Polynesia and Secretary of State for Territorial Affairs had his own camera crew in tow, while Mr.

Sigur (right), the new US Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, made his speech and left. 14 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Development Sought

OWNERS of South Pacific atoll of 1600 acres seek proposals for development from interested parties.

The atoll has airstrip and is situated 150 miles from international airport.

A 60 year lease is offered and favorable consideration would be given to proposals making provision for owner participation in gross turnover and capital gain.

For further details contact T. Arnold, Clarkes, Solicitors, P.O. Box 144, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. (Phone: 682- 24567; Fax: 682 20566/20722). these discussions. Why is it OK for New Zealand to have a fishing compact with the Soviets regarding fish in its waters, while it is not all right for Kiribati to have one? Why can Australia have diplomatic relations with many nations (including many communist ones) while Vanuatu should not?”

The PNG Ambassador to the United States, Kiatro Abisinito, said in response to a question about the possibility of the USSR opening an embassy in Port Moresby: “We do not have much in common with the Soviets. ”

Similarly Sam Saili Western Samoa’s Finance Minister, said that his nation would not ask any quesions about the presence of nuclear arms during visits of friendly navy vessels.

This put Western Samoa in a different position than that of its former rulers in New Zealand.

What the island nations did emphasise was a demand for more attention and more consideration on the part of the metropolitan powers. Saili in perhaps the most emotionladen speech of the day protested that it took the United States 25 years to recognise the existence of Western Samoa by considering the opening of an embassy in Apia; he was critical of the enormous difference in per capita income between the two Samoan jurisdictions, some $4OO per year for his nation compared to about $5OOO a year for American Samoa.

PNG’s Deputy Prime Minister, Sir Julius Chan, one of the most skilfull speakers of the day, set the tone of his discussion of big power-little power relations by saying that “we swim in the ocean only with the permission of the sharks,” adding “the best intentions of small nations will mean nothing if the major nations will not play the game or pay their bills.”

The gathering heard that Australia’s aid to the region was estimated at SA3BO million of which $320 million went to PNG. New Zealand’s Simon Murdock, Counsellor to the NZ Embassy in Washington, projected his country’s aid to the region at SNZBO million for this financial year, which “when you exclude PNG, is comparable to the Australian contribution. ” The annual US aid figure was given as SUS 9 million by Assistant Secretary Sigur, and slightly higher by the AID regional director in Fiji, William Paupe.

Secretary of State Flosse however, noted that his nation’s contribution was a thunderous SUS6B6 million $25 million in bilateral and multilateral aid to the independent nations, and $661 million for the operations of the three French territories.

Flosse was the only speaker from a metropolitan nation who compared the extent of aid: “. . . you will quickly and easily be able to see the extent of French aid: New Zealand $37,735,000; Australia $325,640,000; France $686,000,000.” (All figures in US dollars).

Flosse diplomatically did not mention the scrawny $9,000,000 in US aid, nor did any American speaker discuss the substantial subsidies that all US-flag territories receive from Uncle Sam. (At about the time of the conference the Far Eastern Economic Review estimted Japanese aid to the island nations at $U524,100,000.) The care with which some nations allocate their funding came in for criticism, as well, with too much care, not too little, the focus of attention.

Winston Thompson, permanent Fiji representative at the United Nations, complained of visiting delegations from donor nations arriving for a week-long visit, and demanding the full attention of pertinent local officials.

New Zealander Murdock, in a nice touch, admitted that he had been a member of such a delegation, and said that he knew the kind of strain that this put on island governments.

Saili, in part of his comments about the United States, noted that Western Samoa had received assistance from West Germany (which he did not identify as a former colonial master), and Japan, the European Community, Australia and New Zealand, but only (welcome though they were) Peace Corps Volunteers from the States.

Paupe spoke of carefully targetted assistance, particularly in the private sector. He was especially pleased with the US assistance to an “upmarket” product from Fiji, Ratu Rum, which is sold in bottles wrapped in pandanus fibre. “The wrapping provides cash jobs for 800 rural Fijian women who have no other access to paid employment,” he said.

Murdock added another thought as he discussed the situation in Niue. “Where is the local tax base for self-supported development,” he asked, “when only 3000 of the Niueans in the world live in Niue, and most of the rest are in New Zealand?”

Answering his own question he said: “They are working and paying taxes in Auckland.” He said that New Zealand had focussed some of its assistance programs on schemes to export tropical food from the islands to islanders living in New Zealand.

The conference organisers included PlA’s Pamela Takiora, Ingram Pryor, Lelei LeLaulu and Fred Radewagen, and, for Georgetown’s CSIS, Ray Cline.

David S. North in Washington. 15 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Libya training ‘not a good idea’

Sending 20 young men to train in “self defence” in Libya was, with hindsight, not a good idea, said Kanak independence leader, Jean-Marie Tjibaou.

He was answering questions at the Pacific Islands Association conference in Washington.

Asked about the men sent to Libya, he replied that “twenty boys were sent to Libya for three weeks, and when they came back they brought no weapons. It was not the 20 boys who changed the events in New Caledonia.”

On the question of violence, he said “It is the Europeans who have the weapons.” He described a fatal confrontation between Kanaks and supporters of French rule: “The people who organised the ambush and massacre, they had cases of munitions. A tree was felled to make a roadblock. They shot those in the cars, and when they jumped in the water to escape, they shot them so full of holes that they must have sunk in the water. The police collected a whole bag of spent cartridges.”

Most of Tjibaou’s comments were deliberately non-controversial. He spoke of wanting the Pacific to be “a place of peace. We hope that the soldiers and the guns will stay in the counties that want them.”

“My vision of the Pacific is to see it as a haven of peace.

“We can invite all people, including those from other planets, to live with us in peace.

“What we want from our larger neighbors,” he continued “is respect for our cultural values and way of life, recognition of our people as they are, in their own proper social structure, and respect for our choices.”

The PIA conference concluded with a spirited debate over French rule in New Caledonia, the first time that such an event had occurred in Washington.

Speaking for the Kanaks were Ambassador Renagi Lohia, of Papua New Guinea, who was harshly critical of the French, and Tjibaou, the President of the FLNKS, who spoke lyrically and softly of his vision of the future.

Speaking for the French were Dick Ukeiwe, a Kanak elected to the New Caledonia legislature, and the omni-present Gaston Flosse, in his role as French Secretary of State for Territorial Affairs.

Ambassador Lohia, looking out the windows of the elegant Capitol Hill meeting room to the Mall where the late Martin Luther King gave his famous civil rights speech two decades earlier, said “I, too have a dream, of the total eradication of apartheid, racism and colonialism from the face of the earth.”

He then asked all to rise for a moment of silence “for the people killed in South Africa and New Caledonia. ” The English speakers in the room rose immediatey but there was a pause while Gaston Flosse and the other French-speakers remained seated; then they rose as well.

Ambassador Lohia spoke of the “French confiscation of the land of the indigenous people” and how the “Kanaks were kept on reserves that occupied 20 per cent of the land.”

Saying that the Kanaks had been assigned to infertile land while arable land was used to graze cattle he claimed: “In the place of animals you have people, and in the place of people you have animals.”

He talked of French population policy as being a deliberate effort to outnumber the indigenous people, recalled the migration of convicts from France, contract laborers from Vanuatu, people from Wallis and Futuna, and the “systematic migration of women and children from France.”

He was also critical of what he called “structured inferiorisation” by reduced access to education, saying that there were similarities on this point in New Caledonia, Namibia and South Africa.

Flosse was incensed at the references to apartheid and to South Africa, saying, through an interpreter, that these were false charges and misleading comparisons. Flosse, however, left much of the counter-attack to Senator Ukeiwe, who focused his attention on Ambassador Lohia saying “you have been misled by a Kanak, and in the eyes of my people, that man is condemned.”

The Senator then proceeded to recount the results of the last election, in which 46 seats were filled, 26 from Ukeiwe’s party; looking at the returns another way he pointed out that 28 of the members were Melanesians.

“We are the majority, and we could ask for freedom if we wanted it. At this time there is no colonialism in New Caledonia. We are not located on reserves like animals; there is a referendum scheduled for next year, and the terrorists were young people trained in Libya,” he concluded.

Norman George, Foreign Minister of the Cook Islands, sought to pour oil on troubled waters, urging the New Caledonians to avoid needless grief by “choosing the best of both worlds” those of the islands and those of the metropolitan power; “we pick and choose, and we make use of New Zealand practices when it suits us, and we do not when they do not suit us.” His peacemaking efforts were ignored, however, as the two sides continued to argue until the end of the conference.

Jean-Marie Tjibaou: “Place of peace.” 16 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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Voters swim against the tide Bucking the strong Democratic tide on the mainland, which saw the Republicans lose control of the Senate, America’s Pacific voters gave solid support to Republican candidates. The results included:.

The defeat of Guam governor Richard Bordallo by Republican territorial senator Joe Ada.

Bordallo had been indicted for corruption in office two months before the election; the resounding re-election of Congressman Ben Blaz, the first term republican from Guam; the re-election of Democratic Congressman Fofo I. F. Sunia of American Samoa who defeated Republican Aumoevalogo S. Soli in the islands’ first election on party lines; an upset loss of a Democratic congressional seat in Hawaii the Democratic candidate would have been the first ethnic Samoan to hold a seat in the Congress; a string of victories by women, particularly in Guam.

The Guam victories by Blaz and Ada were not unexpected; Blaz had secured many more votes than his opponent, former National Guard general, Frank Torres in the non binding September primary (November PIM, page 15).

Similarly, Bordallo’s principal activities over the past three months have been directed against the 11-count indictment handed up by a Federal Grand Jury and pressed by the Reagan-appointed US Attorney.

But while the Democrats were losing the governorship and the congressional race, they managed to increase their previously slim hold on the Guam Senate.

As voting ended, it apeared they won 13 seats to the Republicans’ eight. The previous lead was 11-9 with one vacancy.

The four women incumbents in the Guam Senate (September PIM page 14) were all re-elected, with Marilyn Manibusan, the Republican minority leader (and her party’s chair) the top vote winner on 21,393.

Also re-elected were three Democrats, Senators Elizabeth Arriola, Pilar Lujan and Herminia Dierking.

Newly elected were two other women, Marcia Hartsock (D) and Martha Cruz Ruth (R).

With six of its 21 seats (28.6 per cent) held by women, the Guam Senate has a larger percentage of women than any other island jurisdiction.

Male senators re-elected for two year terms were Democrats Don Parkinson (who had the second highest vote), Ted Nelson, Joe San Agustin, Frank Quitugua, Franklin Gutierrez and Frank Santos.

Republicans George Bamba, Eddie Duncan, Alberto Lamorena, Jerry Rivera and Jim Miles, who had been elected in 1984, but subsequently resigned his seat, were all re-elected.

New Senators are Dr Ernesto Espaldon (R), and three Democrats Sonny Shelton, Pedro Sanchez and John Quan.

Congressman Sunia outpolled his Republican opponent 5,073 to 4,067, although he had defeated Soli by a larger margin two years earlier. Voters in American Samoa also elected the lower house of its territorial legislature, an election which is not run on party lines.

The Governor, A. P. Lutali has two years still to run.

While Hawaii voters returned long-time Democratic Senator Daniel Inouye, they rejected the congressional bid of Mufie Hannemann, an ethnic Samoan and a native of Hawaii.

Standing 6 feet 7 inches tall, he is a former island athletic star and was the first person of Samoan descent to graduate from Harvard University.

Had Hannemann, a Deomocrat, won, he would have been the first Samoan to hold a voting seat in the House of Representatives.

Hannemann was defeated in the Second Congressional District by State Senator Patricia Saiki who became the first Republican elected to the House of Representatives since Hawaii became a state.

One Republican who probably should have stayed in the Pacific was Congressman Fred Eckert, a one-term Congressman from up-state New York.

After a career in the New York State Senate, he was appointed by the Reagan administration as Ambassador to Fiji. He was also assigned to Kiribati, Tonga and Tuvalu.

He left the Pacific two years ago to run successfully for the House but last month had the distinction of being one of the few sitting Republican congressmen to lose their seats.

The Washington Post attributed Eckert’s defeat to, among other things, the former ambassador’s “abrasive style.”

David S. North.

Congressman Blaz - resounding victory. 18 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Pathways To

INDEPENDENCE the inside story of twenty five years in pre-independence Papua New Guinea, by the wife of administrator Sir Donald Cleland. Drily witty .... historically fascinating, a thoroughly good read. $14.95 at all good booksellers.

The business of politics Papua New Guinea’s finance minister and deputy prime minister, Sir Julius Chan, acquired more than 800,000 keenly sought Placer Pacific shares through his family, family companies and his People’s Progress Party staff.

That was in July when the company was floated in Australia’s biggest ever stock market launch. Since the media made this public in October, there has been a long running public argument over the Chan purchases.

The Opposition, led by Mr Michael Somare and his deputy Fr John Momis have led the criticisms, saying that once again the leaders have benefited while the people have missed out.

Sir Julius has stood his ground, steadily ignoring cedis for his resignation, adding that he has nothing to hide.

Prime Minister Paias Wingti, however, found himself obliged to bend with the political wind in as much as he indicated that he will set up a commission of inquiry if Sir Julius’ critics can produce evidence of any wrongdoing.

SINCLARE SOLOMON in Port Moresby has been following the controversy.

Sir Julius Chan, for the first time in his long political career, stands publicly accused of acting “improperly” by making a cool $1 million for his People’s Progress Party and for his family companies.

Apart from the opposition leaders who howled for his resignation, Sir Julius took heavy criticism from the influential Melanesian Council of Churches as well as from sections of the very government of which he is deputy leader.

The council which represents the Roman Catholic and established protestant churches in the country said: “The moral code of politicians amounts to hypocrisy, self interest, status and the trappings of office.

“Integrity, service and a genuine love and concern for the ordinary people who elected them seems to be absent as they continue day after day their ridiculous antics in the so-called house of parliament.

“This latest example of Sir Julius, self-professed crusader for ordinary Papua New Guineans, is only another example of that hypocrisy which leaves this country in a state of cynicism. ”

Strong stuff. And for Sir Julius, one of the few politicians who run successful businesses (many run unsuccessful businesses) and a deeply religious man, particularly hard to take.

But he didn’t take long to reply. He said he had nothing to hide and had not attempted to conceal his share purchases.

“If I had wanted to be sneaky, I would have gone overseas,” he told the PNG press corps.

“I have been a businessman all my life and have never made money in politics. At the end of the day it’s the conscience that counts.

“I would take a similar gamble again,” he added defiantly.

The various Chan concerns bought 818,700 shares or just on seven per cent of the PNG allocation.

Confirming that he had taken up the shares, he said, “It was done through the normal channels and no preferential treatment was given. For example Lady Chan only received half of her requested allocation, like most other people.”

Sir Julius was at home in Rabaul when he was contacted by business advisers with a proposal to buy Placer shares.

He agreed and at the same time gave his guarantee for bank finance to fund the purchases.

He said the investment was aimed partly at paying off debts of more than K 1 million owed by his various companies. The shares were on-sold to the companies the week they were floated on the Sydney exchange.

He also agreed to guarantee the finance for People’s Progress Party officials to buy shares in order to fund the 1987 election campaign. ’The party got half of what it asked for but, given the right price, we won’t have to fund our candidates next year.”

Said Sir Julius: “Placer Pacific were not going to allocate the promised 12.8 million shares to PNG because the underwriters had visisted PNG and, based on the assumption that exchange controls were not going to change in the near future, decided that only 1.5 million shares would be taken up in PNG.

“They returned to Australia and issued the other shares to their mates without informing the PNG government.”

According to Sir Julius, prime minister Paias Wingti was furious at this development and directed his finance minister to ensure that the full 12.8 million shares were allocated to PNG and to ensure that the country could absorb them.

As a result, at least 11 million shares were earmarked for PNG and this was later increased to 11.7 million. The country’s exchange controls were temporarily relaxed so that local companies and individuals could make their purchases.

Placer Pacific issued a total of 128,574,000 $1 shares and within minutes of trading these were changing hands at $2.

The shares have since peaked at over $3.

Ten days after trading began, three large parcels of shares were sold in one afternoon two for $BOO,OOO and one for $700,000. It was believed that Continued on page 24 19 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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Chan: Making money is not sinful In a frank interview with SINCLAIRE SOLOMON in Port Moresby, Sir Julius strongly defended his decision to invest in Placer Pacific. The interview: Do you know why three companies, in which you had an interest, got the full amount of shares they asked for?

I honestly don’t know. You shall have to ask Placer Pacific and the underwriters. They certainly owed me no favours.

I put them under a lot of pressure to increase the quota of shares to Papua New Guinea. If they knew they were my companies I mightn’t have got the amounts! Also it is important to note that the other two companies that applied, my wife and every PPP applicant got less than they asked for.

Were you at any time asked by Placer Pacific or the underwriters if you or your companies were applying for shares? If so, were you asked to mention the names of those companies.

No.

Did you provide any inside information on the Placer shares, whilst negotiating with Placer and the underwriters, to your party or your companies which might have influenced them to apply?

What inside information? The decisions to apply for shares was taken by the companies and the party autonomously. The information on which they based their decisions was the Placer Pacific prospectus and what people were saying in the newspapers. I agreed to buy shares on the basis of the same information. The only difference is that I had access to the managers of Placer Pacific who naturally said that their company had a bright future just as any company managers would say about their companies.

What were the circumstances of your direction to the Bank of Papua New Guinea to relax foreign exchange guidelines?

At first it was decided to allow only the Misima and Porgera landholders companies to buy KlOO,OOO each. The exchange regulations forbid any overseas share purchases by companies. But when it seemed that PNG would be totally unable to take up more than a few million shares, I requested the Governor to allow all PNG companies to apply for KlOO,OOO each.

It was a tough decision to make because it went against my views on tight monetary and exchange controls.

But it needed to be done if we were to take up our fair quota of shares. If I had not done it I would have failed the Prime Minister and my own belief that PNG should be a main actor in the ownership of Placer Pacific.

The Governor naturally protested pointing to the same concerns I had and I took his letter to the Prime Minister who said that we should go ahead anyway, but only for this share float. I wholeheartedly agreed with him and so the exchange guidelines were changed to enable individuals to apply for K 20,000 and companies for KlOO,OOO.

Do you believe that your actions were in any way a breach of the Leadership Code?

No. The Leadership Code remains unbreached I have not abused my position. I have not used confidential information, I have not done anything morally or legally incorrect.

The Finance Department is probably the most difficult and demanding of any department to handle and run. It is very important, in fact imperative, to me that I maintain total authority and respect amongst the staff. Otherwise things simply do not work, problems remain unsolved and a feeling of mistrust undermines everything. I would never do anything to allow such a situation to develop. The Leadership Code is there to stop that and I am one of the most ardent supporters of it.

Fr Momis (Deputy Opposition leader) says you have ignored the interests of the “little people” in this whole affair. How do you respond to that?

My first response, when I read this, was amazement. The “big people” have resources to purchase huge blocks of shares I am talking about millions of kina here. Some companies could have applied for millions of kina each, mine certainly would have liked to apply for more than they did.

But I restricted all these big company buyers to KlOO,OOO and individuals to K 20,000 each so that the total allocation was spread as evenly as possible.

The five companies with which I am involved received about K 300,000 of shares they, like many others, would like to have bought more.

So, with the exchange regulations, we stopped the big boys buying up single blocks of a million plus. I also, through the Governor, arranged for a relaxation of the lending guidelines. This directly helped the small investors to raise quick finance.

The big boys and the big companies have less trouble raising quick loans because they have the necessary collateral and credit backing. The relaxed lending guidelines was another move to help the little people get shares.

In all this the landowners of Misima and Porgera were not forgotten and the companies set up by Placer Pacific to represent them both got shares.

The “little people” did not miss out on the opportunity to participate in the float. Those who lacked the initiative to do so, like Fr Momis, should stop whinging because they missed out. Fr Continued on page 27 Sir Julius Chan. 21 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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Central Tender Hoard

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CTB 32/86 DISPOSAL OF TELEPHONE

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Tenders are invited for the disposal of the items below:— 1. 900 Line Exchange Made by Plessey 225 100 Outlet group selectors. 68 Non-PBX 100 outlet final selectors. 75 2-10 PBX Hunt 100 outlet final selectors. 6 Group selector racks with multiple alarms and miscellaneous equipment. 9 Final selector racks with multiple alarms and miscellaneous equipment. 1 Ringer rack with ringer equipment and other alarm equipment. 360 Uni-selectors, 180 3/4/5 level, 180 6 - 10 level. 2 McCall Ringers 50V, 17 Hz output. 50 Both-way Auto-Auto relays. 1 MDF for 900 lines. 2. 6 x 100 LINE PABX MADE BY GEC 253 SE4OOO Type combined group and final selectors. 13 2000 Types group final selectors. 180 Uni-selectors 6 - 8 level. 24 Both-way Auto-Auto relays. 20 Cabinets self-contained for 50 subscribers, alarm blocks and miscellaneous equipment.

For further details and appointments to view and inspect the equipment contact: A. D. Daka, Senior Telecommunications Engineer Posts & Telecomms Division HONIARA Solomon Islands 3. The tender shall be submitted on the basis that the tenderer relies entirely on his own findings and judgment as to the condition of any or all of the equipment. The rate will be on an ‘as is where is’ basis and the tenderer should take note that in terms of section 5 of the telecommunications act, no licence will be issued for the above equipment as a telecommunications system within Solomon Islands. 4. The Central Tender Board shall not be responsible for any costs or expenses incurred in preparing and submitting a tender. 5. The Central Tender Board does not bind itself to accept the highest or any tender. 6. The closing date of tender is on 28th January 1987. 7. Tenders should be submitted in a sealed envelope marked:— TENDER NOTICE 32/86

Disposal Of Telephones Equipment

To reach the Secretary, Central Tender Board, Ministry of Finance. PC Box 26, Honiara, Solomon Islands 0800 hrs on Wednesday 28th January 1987.

Tenders received after 0800 hrs will not be considered.

Continued from page 19 the sellers were located in Papua New Guinea.

Sir Julius had earlier pressed the underwriters stockbrokers Wilson’s of Brisbane and Mclntosh Hamson Hoare Govett of Sydney to make sure the full 10 per cent would go to PNG as agreed even though the Australian allocation of the issue was heavily oversubscribed.

Sir Julius also backed Wingti in seeking to extend the deadline for their purchase.

In an ensuing parliamentary question, Sir Julius faced several calls for information on the Placer issue. He was also asked if he was “brave enough” to declare his business dealings.

Sir Julius: “What has bravery got to do with it? Why should any one of us be expected to reveal confidential information when no other businessman is obliged to?”

He told the House he completed the required declarations fer the Ombudsman Commission each year but would not make such information public.

“ Any businessman who does so should not call himself a businessman at all. ”

He added: “If a block of one million shares were applied for, allotted and then sold on the market at a profit, then really that is not a ’racket’. That is the very business these publicly listed companies are doing every second of the day. It goes on in every company and on every stock exchange.”

Opposition leader Mr Michael Somare said Sir Julkius’ share purchases were “selfish” though perfectly legal.

He said: “It appears that Sir Julius used the information available to him to ensure that his companies, political party and staff acquired the large amount of shares available.

“How else could they have arranged finance at short notice and bought that many shares?

“Sir Julius’ contention that the extension of the deadline was to enable smaller Papua New Guineans to buy Placer shares appears now to be a smokescreen.

“I wonder how many villagers in Misima or Porgera (where Placer Pacific intends to develop gold mines) were able to take out Placer shares?

“The implications of the Placer share affair are very far reaching and very serious indeed.”

Fr Momis added: “Once again the leaders have benefitted and the people have missed out. This sort of behaviour is grossly improper and goes completely against the spirit of the Leadership Code.

“Unfortunately, it’s a waste of time calling on Sir Julius to resign. He is apparently incapable of recognising a conflict of interest.”

Prime minister Wingti - under pressure. 24 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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from the islands press From the Papua New Guinea Post-Courier, Port Moresby Port Moresby’s men had to lose the grand final of the national basketball championship to save their necks, it has been claimed. Team manager, Peter Court, said yesterday the players wanted to boycott the grand final because of the threats but he and coach Fred Lavaki had talked them into playing. “We risked our lives if we won,” Court claimed after the team had arrived back in the Capital from Lae yesterday . . . Court claimed that an unknown spectator, speaking in Pidgin, had threatened his team members before the game that “sapos yu pela winim Arawa bai yu pela painim taim” meaning if you beat Arawa you will feel it.

From the Vanuatu Weekly, Port-Vila A 4-metre long shark failed in its attack on a man and his son of Emae recently. Robert Matuka, 60, and Alick, 21, both from Evae, were fishing on their canoe outside the reef when the shark made its first attack. The shark tried unsuccessfully to sink their canoe, the report said. Mr Fred Timakata, Speaker of Parliament and Emae MP, said during the attack the old man fell overboard when he attempted to slash the shark with a knife. He added that fortunately the shark was slow in making another attack and Robert climbed back into their canoe.

From Tohi Tala Niue, Alofi Cablevision was labelled a “trick of the Devil” by Common Roll member Morris Tafatu when the Legislative Assembly discussed a motion on duty-free television sets. It is understood that the debate in the Fono was a direct result from a circular letter from Bliss Cablevision which promised duty free television sets. Mr Tafatu argued that Bliss Cablevesion is a commercial enterprise and should be treated in the same manner as other commercial operations on the island. In the end the motion was thrown out by the Fono duty-free television had won the day.

From The Samoa Times, Apia The Bums Philp Kava Group have moved from the company’s bulk store after more than 10 years of daily gathering there during lunchtime. The change was made necessary by the transfer of their host, Manuleleua Sene, to manage a new wholesale branch of the company.

From the Cook Islands News, Rarotonga Australian Aid donated agriculture tools are on their way to the Northern Group to assist in community development work.

Each island will be getting an axe each and a two-man saw including files, all of which were received by the local manager of DSIR John Campbell.

From a letter by Willard Miller, in The Fiji Times, Suva A hurricane is going to hit these islands. It has been causing devastation elsewhere for 30 years. The biggest losers here will inevitably be Kai Viti. But everyone will feel the fatal impact.

Everyone’s life is going to be changed by the horror of commercial television broadcasting. Once it has come we will be helpless. We can only hope the Crown Law Office is preparing rigorous control legislation.

From the Papua New Guinea Post-Courier, Port Moresby SUVA: A husband-and-wife teaching team is being paid nearly K 20,000 a year at an isolated school where the only two students are their own children. Sukul Deo earns KlO,OOO as headmaster and his wife K9OOO as his assistant under the government school salary structure. Enrolment at the school on Mago island, in the Lau group east of Suva, was reduced to the Deos’ two children after a Japanese company bought the island late last year and the population of copra workers moved away. Education Minister Dr Ahmed Ali said the school was being kept open as the Japanese firm, Tokyu Corporation, had said that a number of families would return to Mago.

From The Samoa Times, Apia Mothers under 15 years of age were recorded for the first time last year and the number of mothers between the age of 15 and 19 years went up 4 per cent in 15 years. The largest number of mothers continued to be in the 20 to 24-year-old group but because of an increase of 12 per cent of births by this group in 15 years the number of mothers under 24 made up more than half of all the mothers for the first time last year.

From the Papua New Guinea Post-Courier, Port Moresby A road accident at Kudjip in the Western Highlands early this week had a bloody ending. The driver of a vehicle lost control and ran off the road. Two pedestrians a man and a woman in the car’s path were killed. Then relatives of the dead couple chased the driver and chopped his head off with an axe.

From the Papua New Guinea Post-Courier, Port Moresby A betelnut-lover has been “chewing over” a message at Port Moresby’s new Gordon market. It reads: “No chewing betelnut” and “please spit in the bins”. “The notices confuse me,” says the chewer, who wants to be called Mr Toothbrush.

“The first three words stop us from chewing betelnut. The second notice seems to allow us to chew and spit into bins provided,” he said.

From an article in the Cook Islands News, Rarotonga, on bush beer parties Atiu College students and SDA youth were given lectures on the problems facing young people today such as alcohol abuse leading to accidents, death, crime and noisiness.

From the Papua New Guinea Post-Courier, Port Moresby People should be left alone to fight and kill each other in tribal wars, and MP said yesterday. Mr Thomas Negints (Tambul-Nebilyer) made the call in Parliament, saying a law should be made barring the use of police to quell tribal violence. The comments come on the heels of a fight in Western Highlands Mr Negints’ home province.

From the Cook Islands News, Rarotonga The coldest afternoon since 1970 was recorded at 17 degrees last Sunday in Rarotonga. Officer in Charge at the Meteorological Office Paul Frost said the phenomenon, though not rare, was most unusual. 26 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Momis considers it a sin to show good business sense. It is not a sin. We are a nation of entrepreneurs and traders, and no amount of idealistic wishful thinking will ever change that.

Papua New Guinea is never going to advance if the act of making business profits is seen as distasteful and somehow downgrading. Development can never take place if everyone is expected to take a vow of poverty and chastity, as Father Momis undoubtedly has. I share Father Momis’s religious beliefs but not his economic ones. Fr Momis wants everyone to be given the chance to be What role did the Prime Minister play in securing more shares for Papua New Guinea and in making sure Papua New Guinea was able to absorb them?

We were both concerned when we learned that Papua New Guinea looked like only taking some 1.5 million shares.

As there were only a couple of weeks to go before the application period ended, he directed me to begin negotiations with Placer Pacific and their underwriters to secure an assurance for a larger allocation of shares to Papua New Guinea. At the same time I was to take the “necessary actions” to enable Papua New Guinea to absorb whatever Placer Pacific could offer us The initiatives taken, as you know, T™ }° T 3 ‘u® U ] a ' tlo " s *° K2 °’ oo ° for ,nd ! v,duids and KIOO.OOOfor companies “ d *° r 9 p hen 1 requested the Central Bank Gov « r "° r> Slr J denr V T ° Robert . t 0 lr "plement theS ® h ® expr f«cd his concern about thc outflow of liquidity * he move meant and * e •rregulanty of tempora , n ' v changing the guidelines for a s P eculatlve venture.

I took Sir Henry’s concerns up with the Pr ‘ me Minister bu ‘ he decided, and I a9r f ed ’ to push on to ensure * hat we took up whatever Placer Pacific could tu o • M The Prime Minister also obtained, through his own actions, an extension of one week for Papua New Guinea applications by Papua New Guinea citizens and companies, That was the extent of the Prime Minister s involvement.

House hears accusations over share purchases The Placer Pacific controversy erupted in last month’s sitting of parliament.

Somare charged prime minister Wingti with using “second and third” persons to accumulate 400,000 shares.

He also alleged that Sir Julius’ lawyer had asked for a full allocation to three Chan companies.

Wingti reserved his denial until later. Chan, however, wasted no time in issuing his rebuttal.

He immediately replied: “If we separate the party’s shares away from those shares received by my companies and my wife and I insist that this is the only way to look at things then the party was cut in its request by 55 per cent.”

On allegations of the use of government-owned bank loans for the purchases, he was equally emphatic: “None of my companies or my wife utilised the facilities of the PNG Banking Corporation.

“All loans were obtained from other banks and were fully secured by mediumterm deposits in excess of the money needed for the final purchase,” he said.

“The shares my wife applied for were disposed of at the earliest practicable opportunity and therefore I contend the Leadership Code had not been breached. ”

Placer: How leaders broke the law The buying of shares in Placer Pacific by politicians and senior public servants could plunge the country into a constitutional crisis.

For all politicians and senior bureaucrats who bought shares have broken the law.

The country’s Leadership Code, enshrined in the constution, states: “Unless written approval is obtained from the Ombudsman Commission, leaders and their families must not hold shares or investments in any foreign-controlled enterprises.” Placer Pacific is foreign-controlled.

All MPs, department heads, statutory body heads and constitutional office holders are designated leaders for the purposes of the code.

Thus all those leaders who bought shares could face charges by the Ombudsman Commission. The problem will be in finding somebody to officiate.

The chief ombudsman, Charles Maino, also bought shares (10,000) through his business company. Ombudsman Ango Wangatau also acquired a holding. So did four national and supreme court judges.

Justice Minister Warren Dutton agreed that it was “technically and legally” against the law for leaders to obtain shares in foreign-controlled enterprises. “But,” he said, “charges cannot be laid by the Ombudsman Commission because the Chief Ombudsman has also bought shares.” He said the commission may be able to give retrospective permission for the purchases as had been done in the past.

However, former Chief Ombudsman and current close adviser to Mr Wingti, Ignatius Kilage (who also bought shares) said retrospective permission for such purchases had not been normal procedure during his term of office.

Now, Chief Ombudsman Maino has decided he and his commissioners should stand aside and has invited Judge Kubulan Los (who did not buy shares) to chair an inquiry into the whole affair.

And Opposition leader Michael Somare, who was heavily critical of Sir Julius Chan’s share purchase could also be involved in any inquiry. He bought 5,000 shares through his family company Karao Investments Pty Ltd.

Michael Somare - criticisms backfired. 27 PACIFICJSLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986 Continued from page 21

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trade winds Two years later: A deal is made on the price of fish After two years of wrangling, the United States and the Forum island countries have finally reached agreement on a tuna access deal. But, as MIKE LANE reports, the final negotiating session in Tonga was not all plain sailing.

Nuku’alofa, capital of Tonga, means in English “Place of Love. ” After 25 months of protracted, sometimes acrimonious negotiations, it was fitting that the tuna dispute between the United States and member states of the Forum Fisheries Agency was settled in the friendly Islands.

Spokesmen from both sides expressed satisfaction with the five-year, $6O million settlement that allows the US fleet access to 20 million square kilometres of the richest tuna grounds in the world. Except for stipulated closed zones, the pact lets American boats fish from Palau in the west, east to the Cook Islands, north to the Marshalls and south to New Zealand.

Though both sides were optimistic about reaching an accord in Nukualofa, the atmosphere was tense and strained throughout the formal week of negotiations.

The American side even threatened to leave but Tua Taumoepeau, head of the Pacific delegation and Permanent Secretary of Foreign Affairs in Tonga, kept the sides talking.

Until Counselor Ed Derwinski presented the Americans’ final offer of $l2 million per year, the issue was still in doubt.

Even the next day, Ambassador Fishing for tuna in Solomon Island waters. Now the US will have access. 29 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Ed Wolfe, head of the American delegation, paced in a hallway at the Dateline Hotel, waiting for important details to be ironed out.

“I have worked for two years, and I have to have a signed piece of paper before I leave, ” he said.

The Assistant Secretary of State for all oceanic affairs said he was confident all week about reaching an agreement because of a six-nation swing he made just before the talks resumed.

Because the treaty is critical for maintaining American credibility in the region, the document is expected to sail through the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and full US Senate by March.

Fee calculations for the financial package were based on the assumption that 35 vessels will harvest 150,000 tonnes of yellowfin and skipjack tuna worth an estimated $lOO million from South Pacific waters.

The American tuna industry will pay $2 million per annum a lump sum of $1.75 million plus $250,000 of technical assistance. The US Government will add $lO million $9 million cash and $1 million in assistance earmarked for fisheries development projects.

At a rate of $50,000 per vessel, the industry will pay the same price per boat that it negotiated with eastern Pacific countries (the Nauru group) in 1983. If one more country ratifies that agreement, it will come into effect.

Dave Burney, the US tuna industry representative, said no fishing industry would pay fees that would make their operations non viable. Skipjack predominate in the western Pacific and the more highly prized yellowfin are in the eastern Pacific, he said.

However, he said the US Government contribution indicates the value the American State Department attaches to foreign policy and political implications in the South Pacific.

Though the financial arrangements were acceptable, there was an underlying feeling among Pacific delegates that the tuna industry was not paying for the value of the resource. Rather, thay said, it was a political treaty masked as a fishing agreement.

Most of the treaty money will be paid to countries where the tuna is actually caught. However, all countries that ratify the pact will share equally 15 per cent of the total ‘take’.

Licences above the projected number can be purchased at a graduated rate the first year.

The next 10 licences will cost $50,000 each and the final five licences allowable under the agreement will go for $60,000.

It is unlikely that the US fleet would exceed the projected number of vessels at least in the first year. Seventy-one American Tunaboat Association boats have operated in the western Pacific since 1981. Forty-three vessels seined in 1985, but the number has dwindled to 30 today.

While the illegal activities of the American fleet have grabbed the headlines, it should be remembered that these super seiners harvested only four percent of the tuna from the western Pacific.

The Japanese longline, pole and line and purse seine fleet that numbers more than 1100 catch the majority of tuna in the region.

Island delegations have taken the draft treaty to their respective governments to begin the ratification process. Most countries, however, gave verbal assurances that approval would be forthcoming .

But there is talk that Nauru has not made a decision. There is a confirmed tuna resource in their EEZ and the Nauruans’ financial situation gives them ample time to make a decision.

Ten governments must ratify the agreement for it to come into effect, and four cities have been mentioned as sites for a signing ceremony. The possibilities are Suva, Honolulu, Washington and Nuku’alofa.

The accord with the Americans represents a signal diplomatic triumph for the Pacific delegation. It was also a tribute to the Forum Fisheries Agency team led by director Phillip Muller and his deputy Les Clark.

Camillus Narakobi, Assistant Secretary at the Papua New Guinea Department of Justice, said the pact reflected the willingness of key players from Solomon Islands, Federated Boom time at the tuna talks The two tuna delegations could have kept a well-stocked office supplies store in business over the past two years.

In Nuku’alofa and Neiafu, the two Tongan venues, the FFA team alone produced 35 separate documents, used more than 50,000 sheets of paper and got through three photo-copying machines.

In the tense atmosphere of the last round of talks, staff from the host nation’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Fisheries Division worked throughout the Sunday a day normally reserved in the Friendly Islands for church, singing and rest.

The negotiations were an economic miniboom for Tonga. Management at the Ramanlal Hotel, headquarters for the Pacific islands delegation, built a special conference room for the duration of the proceedings.

The hotel’s $2,000 investment paid off handsomely, too, as the delegation spent $lO,OOO over nine days.

The Dateline Hotel, the US headquarters, was also full while Friendly Island Airways had to charter special flights to ferry island delegates to and from Neiafu, site of a pre-negotiation briefing.

And despite the massive significance of the agreement, there were only subdued celebrations as individual delegations prepared to return home.

That was partially due to the mindnumbing work schedule but also to an underlying feeling of anxiety over the agreement’s workability.

US tuna industry representative, Dave Burney, told PIM that both sides would probably delay any celebration until after the treaty was in place and seen to be working. 30 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

States of Micronesia, Kiribati and PNG to sacrifice national interest for regional gain.

Early in the last round of talks, some delegates from island states said that the Americans’ inability to recognise the importance of national sovereignty to even small island states delayed settlement of the tuna dispute.

The tremendous differences in interests and fishing resources of the Forum Fisheries Agency members made the final agreement a tribute to island negotiators but the numbers necessitated compromise on nearly every issue.

Semisi Fakahau, principal fisheries officer of Tonga, represented a nation that has limited tuna resources. He said the annual cash share that Tonga will receive was the least important component of the agreement.

“Tonga is committed to the concept of regional co-operation and we will benefit from the technical assistance provisions of the agreement,” he said.

According to some of the key figures in the negotiations, there were no dramatic breakthroughs. Les Clark said it was a continuous process with a gradual coming together at Rarotonga and Nuku’alofa. “It took time for Washington to come to terms with the damage that a few tuna boats could do to a national image,” he said.

He said the agreement would help Pacific countries get a clearer idea of the size of their tuna resource.

The treaty, once ratified, puts the responsibility on the American government for ensuring that the US fleet obeys the laws of other countries. It also removes the threat of any type of economic retaliation if a Pacific state penalises an American ship for a violation. “It was understood from the outset that without this guarantee, there would be no treaty,” said Clark.

FFA countries have responsibilities as well. In some cases, they will have to rewrite their laws to fit the regional agreement. Muller said money wasn’t seriously discussed until the meeting at Kona, Hawaii when the Tongan delegate proposed the ante be raised to $2O million in Canberra.

Pacific delegates said privately that if the starting point had not been $2O million, the annual treaty fee would have been much lower.

But after the Forum meeting in August, political leaders apparently suggested to their delegates that they be receptive to any offers exceeding $lO million. Muller, elated with the deal, said it was ironic that the Magnusson Act, which provided for economic sanctions against a country that seized an American tuna boat, was the catalyst in the negotiations. The FFA director said the unprecedented deal would serve as a basis for co-operation with other distant water fishing fleets. It leaves open the possibility that regional agreements may be sought from Korea, Taiwan or Japan.

During the Tonga talks there were lengthy discussions about closed zones. The Solomons, for example, has closed 90 percent of its 200 mile FEZ because of a growing local tuna industry.

Geoffrey Siapu, Solomon Islands Permanent Secretary for Natural Resources, said two super seiners will be launched next year. The Solomons, which earns a third of its foreign exchange from tuna exports, maintained its resolve to restrict distant water fishing fleet competition.

Though the protracted negotiations snagged on issues, there were additional factors.

One sovereign nation talking with 16 is cumbersome at best and legal drafting by subcommittees in both camps was an exercise in diligence. It wasn’t uncommon for a committee to spend five hours drafting five lines.

Burney said the early meetings were the most difficult because the tuna industry had no credibility in the islands and needed two years to convince FFA member states of its good faith. However the agreement “is an opportunity for us to show once and for all that we are a responsible industry,” he said. And the Pacific island countries will be watching carefully to see if the tuna industry behaves as well as it talks.

The symbol of discord. The US tuna boat Jeanette Diana, after being impounded for illegal fishing by Solomon Islands authorities. 31 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Qionibaravi takes his foot off the brake Fiji has taken the lid off the wages pot with a budget that, according to finance minister Mr Mosese Qionibaravi, is designed to “generate economic expansion and employment for our people. ”

The minister, whose government must face an election next year, announced tax relief for the lower paid while also increasing duties on a wide range of imported consumer items including petrol, beer and spirits, tobacco products, televisions and some foodstuffs.

He also slashed the reserve bank’s minimum lending rate by 2 per cent.

The minister said the “difficult and painful” freezes on wages, dividends, rents and service charges brought in two years to help restore the economy had minimised inflation, stabilised the balance of payments and brought in high levels of foreign reserves.

This year, increases were limited to 2.25 per cent, based on a formula taking into account real income growth, trade movements and cost of living changes.

The same formula in 1987 will allow a wages guideline of about six per cent, Qionibaravi said.

He stressed, however, that there could be no “catch up” pay increases and in a thinly veiled warning to the country’s trade unions, he added: “Let us not squander, through excessive demands, what we have achieved. ”

The freeze on company dividends will be lifted on payouts arising from profits made after January 1 and the rents “thaw” will apply from the same date but will be subject to policing under counter-inflation legislation.

Meanwhile the 1984 price controls on certain basic food items will be lifted apart from “a limited number of imported essential” articles.

He also announced a package of tax cuts and investment incentives worth about A 56.85 million. These include a 100 per cent tax exemption for farmers in designated areas and the raising of the tax threshold by 25 per cent to A 532,90.

This means that 13,000 Fijians will be free of the tax burden next year.

To pay for the package, the government intends to raise money through the increased duty on imported luxury consumer items as well as increased charges for petrol and lubricating oils, tyres, soft drinks, chemical preparations, paper products, clothing and footwear.

The duty on petrol, previousy sold at a pegged 74 cents (Australian) a litre is up by five cents to 40 cents a litre.

However, the minister heeded pleas from the automotive industry by reducing duty on cars by 10 to 25 per cent depending on engine rating.

To assist the nation’s major growth industries, Qionibaravi increased the promotions grant to the Fiji Visitors’ Bureau by 34 per cent to A 52.2 million and announced further grants to the sugar and cocoa sectors.

Overall, he budgetted for a deficit of A 5101.4 million.

He summarised: GDP would be up 6.4 per cent; sugar production would be up by 480,000 tonnes (41 per cent); tourist arrivals up 260,000 (14 per cent); domestic exports up A 5222.2 million (18.5 per cent); imports down A 5427.4 million (4 per cent); balance of payments surplus of $26.9 million compared with last year’s deficit of $9.3 million; foreign exchange reserves at a record $258 million; inflation at below two per cent compared with last year’s 4.4 per cent.

However, Fiji’s financial position remained difficult, said Qionibaravi, for three reasons: shortfalls in revenue collection, weak private sector investment and low commodity prices.

Cobalt discovery Ocean mining as a source of general prosperity was a prospect first broached by General de Gaulle as a sort of consolation prize for the Polynesians.

The general raised the subject during his 1966 visit to Tahiti en route to Moruroa.

To make the dream come true, French research vessels were soon combing the ocean floor and hauling up batches of nodules containing varying amounts of cobalt, manganese, copper and iron.

By the early ’Bos, however, it was becoming apparent that the richest lodes existed not, as had been hoped, inside the French-controlled 200 mile FEZ of the territory’s 118 islands but in international waters to the north.

It was therefore a big sensation in Papeete when the local Minister for Marine Resources, Mr Alexandre Leontieff announced that rich exploitable deposits of cobalt an important element in steel alloys had been discovered on the outer slopes of several unidentified atolls in the Tuamotu archipleago east of Tahiti at a depth of 1,000 to 2,000 metres.

The discovery, he said, had been made in February by the research vessel Charcot but had been kept secret until the beginning of last month.

Pro independence leaders immediately pointed out that the cobalt crusts are located in territorial waters and are therefore the property of the local government as opposed to the Paris government, in accordance with the Law of the Sea Treaty.

The crusts have the potential to make the territory financially independent of France with obvious political consequences.

Marie Therese and Bengt Danielsson.

Finance minister Mr. Qionibaravi. 32 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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Kalsakau vows to preserve bank secrecy Faced with plummeting prices for its main exports beef, copra and coffee Vanuatu has devalued its currency for the second time in a year.

Finance minister Kalpokor Kalsakau said there was a risk of economic recession and balance of payments problems.

A sharp fall in tourism revenue had compounded the problem.

He said the country was facing the prospect of large balance of payments deficits for the fist time since independence.

The vatu, he said, would be devalued by 14.1 per cent.

Earlier, Kalsakau had moved to ensure Vanuatu Finance Centre clients that the country would continue to adhere to its stringent secrecy rules.

The centre strongly backed by the government may hope to win some business from other tax shelters by Kalsakau’s announcement.

He said: “In respect of recent gains made by some foreign countries in obtaining confidential information from other international financial centres, the government advises that it will continue to deny requests concerning financial information about companies and persons using the Vanuatu Finance Centre.”

He said the government would pursue its non-aligned neutral policy and “refuses to be pressured or intimidated by any foreign government.”

He said information would only be released where it related to bodily harm or drug offences and that would first require the approval of the Supreme Court which would hear such cases in camera.

It was part of his plan to combat adverse perceptions that might have resulted from Vanuatu’s negotiations with the Soviet Union on fishing rights and its diplomatic ties with Libya.

“The government,” he declared, “is pleased to note the continued growth of the financial centre in spite of some recent international press reports which have distorted and taken out of context the government’s continuing policy of diplomatic recognition of other countries regardless of their ideology.”

He said the government would continue to support and encourage the private sector.

In tourism, at least, there is hope of better things to come.

For while the reports of negotiations with Libya and the Russians led to some cancellations by incentive groups (one large Australian company cancelled a group booking awarded to favoured employees), the absence of a direct air link was the main contributor to the sharp drop in the number of arrivals.

Vanuatu information officer in Sydney, Sandra Bourgeois, said the average Australian tourist was unaffected by the press reports.

“It’s true that we lost some big incentive groups,” she said, “as some of them thought there was some vague risk about going to Vanuatu. Of course, as most people know, there is no risk whatsoever.

“But in a way it (the adverse publicity) was a backhanded compliment because it put Vanuatu on the map for people who didn’t really know where it was. ”

She was convinced that with the reinstatement of a direct air link the tourists would return in numbers.

“We have hundreds of people wait-listed at the moment,” she told PIM. “People still want to go to Vanuatu.”

Vanuatu finance minister Kalsakau. 34 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Investors scent ‘second Placer Pacific’ share launch Papua New Guinea investors are already joining the queue for a “Placer Mark Two” with the announcement that MIM Holdings Ltd is to float its one-third share of the giant Porgera gold resource.

However brokers in Sydney have cautioned against over enthusiasm for the new shares.

“Until we know what premium, if any, MIM is putting on the new issue,” one leading broker told PIM, “we’re keeping our powder dry.”

As in the Placer Pacific float the biggest in Australian sharemarket history PNG residents will be apportioned a percentage of shares.

They will be keenly sought.

MIM shareholders, who will receive priority in Australia, on the day of the annoucement of the float by MIM chairman Sir Bruce Watson saw their share price rise 30 cents to $2.70 despite the simultaneous announcement of MlM’s profit slump in the first quarter.

The Queensland-based miner, however, was able to lay part of the blame for that result on new accounting requirements.

Nevertheless, the Porgera announcement brought immediate demand for MIM shares despite an underlying gloomy picture that included a foreign exchange write-off of $l2B million.

The new company, to be floated next month and called Highlands Gold Ltd, has the potential to outperform even Placer Pacific. The float will create a new company worth at least As2oo million.

MIM intends, however, to retain control of Highlands Gold so that the float is likely to seek risk capital of roughly the same $l2B million raised in the Placer float.

Porgera, one of the world’s largest gold discoveries of recent times, is equally owned by MIM, Placer Pacific and Renison Goldfields Consolidated and is not expected to be at the production stage before 1989.

The operator, Placer Pacific, meanwhile has definite plans for Misima next year.

A decision on development of the Porgera prospect is expected in the middle of next year and company executives have already held preliminary discussions with PNG government officials about the planned share float and mine development.

The Porgera resource is put at 1.7 million tonnes at 40 grams per tonne with a further 76.8 million tonnes grading 3.8 grams.

This compares with Australia’s biggest gold mine. Kidston, where the resource is 40 million tonnes at 1.83 grams per tonne and Misima with 62 million tonnes at 1.35 grams.

Development at Porgera is expected to cost between As2so million and As3oo million.

PNG’s minerals and energy minister, Mr John Kaputin, called on international organisations to help develolp the country’s mineral resources.

He told the annual meeting of the Co-ordination Committee for Offshore Prospecting at its meeting in Madang that PNG was assured of a bright future with the minerals discoveries at Porgera, Lihir, Misima and Ok Redi.

Placer Pacific general manager Mr. Robert Needham and PNG Prime Minister Wingti at the ‘Mountain of Gold.’ Photo Denis Reinhardt. 35 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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In Paris recently we experienced a strong sense of what the French call deja vu. We recalled the 1961 scenes of screaming ambulances racing through the streets with heavily armed police and troops guarding all public buildings.

That was when French diehards from Algeria vented their anger over the loss of what they considered their home by killing innocent people in the streets of Paris.

Once again, it is France’s involvement with the Arab world that has sparked off similar terrorist incidents.

It was France’s continued arms sales to Iraq that had made her the mortal enemy of Iran, Iraq’s bitter opponent in the protracted Gulf War.

During those agitated weeks in Paris there also gushed forth a steady flow of books and articles about another category of terrorist the French secret agents working for the various intelligence services with which France is so richly endowed.

Incredibly enough at least for us the authors of these colourful and highly critical accounts agreed on one point: that while an Arab bomb thrower is invariably labelled a terrorist, his French counterpart is always a patriot and often even a national hero.

This highly dubious distinction was most forcefully argued by two public men who, during the De Gaulle and Pompidou era, helped formulate French policy.

The first, Deputy Alain Peyrefitte, has been a cabinet minister no fewer than seven times but today exerts his power mainly by writing editorials and features in the widely read right-wing newspaper Le Figaro.

As a measure of his philosophy, he consistently calls the pro-independence Kanaks of New Caledonia terrorists.

However, he sees nothing wrong in the activities of French agents and was the first prominent French politician to travel to Hao after the release of Major Alain Mafart and Captain Dominique Prieur.

Incidentally his son, Benoit, is press officer at the French Atomic Test Centre (CEP) and is, among other things, entrusted with the strategic task of translating into French for publication in a military newsletter all our contributions to PIM.

So far, no translation rights have come our way, but we mind this less than the numerous errors these French versions contain.

Another public servant who has made an even bigger splash in the French media in recent months has been the former boss (1970-81) of the agency for foreign intelligence operations (then called the SDECE), Count Alexandre de Marenches. And he did so by plunging into the still murky waters of the Rainbow Warrior scandal.

The normal rule for agents is silence, so there were a few gasps of surprise when de Marenches came out of the dark by publishing his memoirs as told to right wing journalist Christine Ockrent who had also been able to put questions to him.

The book, Dans le Secret des Princes curiously enough alludes not so much to his work as a spymaster but to his activities since he resigned (or was forced to) in 1981 when the socialists came to power.

As his awe-struck ghost writer explains, the Count has spent his life since then advising free of charge the leaders of the free world, most notably President Reagan, Mrs Thatcher and the kings of Spain and Morocco of communist plots.

We must conclude that it is exclusively out of gratitude to the benevolent count that these 38 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

leaders have never hinted at their long and intimate relationship- The count tells of his early days, his war service when he rose to become aide-de-camp to Marshal Juin in the North African and Italian campaigns, his life as a great seigneur on a huge inherited estate and, last but not least, about his noble ancestry going back to the crusades.

But the main portion of the book deals with the eleven years when he ran the spy service, he assures us, without a hitch. The number of enemies of France which his agents knocked out James Bond style, mostly in allied or neutral countries, is impressive.

This brings up the whole question of the powers and responsibility of the agency renamed Direction Generate de la Securite Exterieure in 1982 by the new socialist government, a question that has been at the core of public controversy since the agency sank the Rainbow Warrior.

And de Marenches can explain very simply why that operation failed it was because he was no longer running the show and many of his best men had been replaced by worthless creatures, To emphasise his own superiority, the count even granted an interview to the influential Paris-Match in which he proudly claims (probably in 1973, although he doesn’t say so) to have prevented 29 out of 30 Greenpeace and other “pacifist” vessels anchored in Austra- Han harbours from leaving for Moruroa.

And he certainly didn’t need 30 huge teams like that dispatched to Auckland in 1985, he said, to carry out these 29 acts of sabotage comprising damage to engines, propellers or transmissions.

An accomplished diplomat, the Count was moreover able to secure the connivance of the Australian security forces, even to the point of obtaining the position of protest vessel number 30 after she had somehow managed to put to sea.

As a result a French Navy ship soon caught up with her and persuaded the crew to change course and destination.

The only thing that can be said about this amazing and previously untold story is that there was never a fleet of 30 protest vessels anchored in Australian ports. If French agents did sabotage 29 vessels, they must therefore, in most cases, have chosen the wrong targets.

The enterprising Count is understandably appalled by the lack of initiative and firmness shown by his DGSE successor, Admiral Lacoste, following the imprisonment of Mafart and Prieur in New Zealand.

As de Marenches sees it, the DGSE should have retaliated by capturing some New Zealand supporters of the FLNKS who were visiting New Caledonia at the time.

“The best would have been to arrest, let us say, four men and two women in the bush while they were handing over tracts, money and arms to the Kanaks. Well if they had no arms, I am sure that our agents would nevertheless have discovered some in the boot of their car ... whereupon an exchange of hostages could have taken place.”

And if this failed, the Count had an equally simple solution to hand. He would have blackmailed the New Zealand government “which has a similar problem, with the Maoris, who are the original inhabitants of the island (sic).

“The French secret services could have stirred them up and helped them, but they never did. Whereas, if this plan had been suggested and carried out, the French government would right from the beginning have found itself in a stronger bargaining position during the negotiations with Mr Lange and the whole affair thus settled in a most discreet manner.”

But by the time the Count de Marenches made his suggestions, the Rainbow Warrior killers had long since been freed to the tropical sun of Hao, whereas the bombings were still a daily event.

De Marenches was therefore also asked by several journalists to give his opinion on how to solve the current terrorist problem.

His answer was true to style: Kill the killers. And, as readers have already realised, the only person he deemed capable of undertaking this delicate mission was, of course, the formidable Count himself. 39 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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Australia’s Monroe doctrine: An attempt to keep the islands English French accusations of Australian ambitions in the Pacific are not new.

Since before Australia became a nation, French settlers in the region have suspected the English speakers of wanting them out. Whatever the current thinking, there was once good reason for French suspicians. Chris Coulthard- Clark recalls Australia’s own Monroe doctrine.

From the time of British settlement, Australian colonists lived in apprehension of designs that other powers might have on their distant outpost in the Pacific in the event of a war in Europe. During the late nineteenth century, the rush for Pacific island territories by Britain’s rivals Germany and France even gave rise to an Australian version of the “Monroe Doctrine”, promulgated at an intercolonial convention at Sydney in 1883.

As one recent historian has noted: “Unlike its American model . . . Australian spreadeagleism did not in any significant degree reflect an aggressive and self-righteous democratic morality. Even imperial patriotism, the desire to extend the area of British civilisation and order, was but a minor ingredient in Australian motives. The chief object of the colonial policy of annexation was simply defensive, to exclude all other foreign powers from the region.”

Without an underpinning of notions of manifest destiny, Australia’s “Monroe Doctrine” became largely irrelevant or at least inoperable once the island groups of principal concern to it had been snapped up by colonising powers and their fate decided. This was a process which was completed by the 1890 s.

France might well have been surprised, therefore, to discover in 1902 an Australian army officer, Major William Bridges, spying against its possession of 40 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

New Caledonia. Under the guise of representing the Sydney-based firm of Dalgety & Co. Ltd., which had nickel-mining interests on the island, Bridges spent some five weeks during May and June under orders to carry out “a careful and complete Military Survey of New Caledonia generally and of Noumea in particular”.

Although undisclosed records may prove to the contrary, there is no evidence that the local authorities became aware of Bridges’ real identity and purpose. Had they done so, however, they may have been prompted to speculate about the possible military intentions of the new federal government in Australia, then into only the second year of its existence.

Could it be that the former colonial policy of exclusion was not a dead letter, that it had been revived or taken on new impetus with nationhood? Could Australia actually be contemplating an attempt at military seizure of New Caledonia?

The answers the French might have arrived at in response to such questions could well have been misleading, for the presence of an Australian officer on the island owed nothing to any initiative of the Australian government. In fact, Bridges’ despatch had come about in response to a request from the War Office in London directly to the British commander of the Commonwealth military forces, Major General Sir Edward Hutton. Nor is there any evidence that the Australian government was ever advised that one of its soldiers had been sought for such employment.

Hutton contrived to keep the government in the dark by placing Bridges on sick leave and arranging for his cover through the old-boy network of Sydney Anglophiles. As it chanced, the managing director of Dalgetys was both a militia officer in the New South Wales Lancers regiment and a son of the founder of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co., Sir Edward Knox.

In these circumstances Bridges’ status in the local forces was incidental to the fact that on this occasion he was a servant of the British, not the Australian authorities.

The use of local officers on special undertakings of this nature was not without precedent, least of all in Bridges’ case.

Later references by Bridges to a visit he made to Samoa in mid-1898, ostensibly on leave, and the fact that he met on this trip with the rebel chief, Tupua Tamasese Lealofi, just six months before civil war erupted there between factions backed by Britain, the United States and Germany, indicates that he had probably been involved previously in a secret mission similar to that on which he was engaged in New Caledonia.

Whether his participation in this earlier mission had been with the knowledge of the New South Wales government of the day is not known, but seems unlikely. That Bridges’ demonstrated commitment to imperial policies transcended his loyalties to his country of adoption (he was bom in Scotland into the family of a Royal Navy officer) made him a very suitable accomplice for General Hutton’s purposes.

Viewed in the context of Anglo-French relations of the period, British espionage against France’s overseas possessions (attention which France no doubt reciprocated) was quite understandable. In the face of strained relations in which military action against each other in some quarter was at least thinkable, even if outright war was not actually likely, it can well be imagined that colonial assets such as New Caledonia would come in for scrutiny.

Certainly Noumea appears to have received its share of attention of this sort.

In making the request to Hutton to provide one of his officers, the War Office revealed in February 1902 that barely a year earlier a similar request had been made of the British general then commanding the colonial forces in New South Wales. On that occasion a Royal Navy captain under orders to proceed to Noumea on other duties was detailed for the task.

Now, London explained, it wanted to make good some deficiencies in the previous intelligence and to gather information on new fortifications believed to have been constructed since 1900, for inclusion in a general military report on the place and its defences.

Activity of this sort would have come as no surprise to the French; indeed, it was apparently assumed as a matter of course.

Bridges encountered evidence of this during his time in Noumea when he overheard a remark by the French governor’s aide that a British warship visiting the town at the same time, the 2616 tonne Pallas-class cruiser Wallaroo, normally stationed at Sydney, was there “to spy out the land”.

Such conjecture, if not true of the Wallaroo, was certainly correct regarding other British vessels, as Hutton was told some months later by the British admiral commanding the Royal Navy’s Australian station that he, too, had an officer at Noumea “with a ship engaged in obtaining information”.

This admission also adds interest to the reaction Bridges ecountered when he was recognised by the Wallaroo’s captain on the steps of the British Consulate in Noumea and, fearing his cover to be compromised, took the officer into his confidence regarding his presence.

Though the officer agreed to take on to Sydney a letter for Hutton and photographs Bridges had taken, his attitude was frankly disapproving. In the circumstances, however, this may conceivably have been due less to a gentlemanly dislike of espionage so much as irritation at discovering a rival in the field!

Despite the assurances of the War Office that its request to Hutton was only in connexion with an information-gathering exercise, the several signs of strong home government interest in Noumea evidently led Hutton to draw his own conclusions as to what might be afoot.

Whether an attack on a French colony was conceivable in London other than during a general conflict between Britain and France, so much interest by the War Office and Admiralty was a sign that such an eventuality was being treated as a nearer rather than a distant possibility.

With an old warhorse’s sensitivity for the smell of gunpowder, Hutton now took a lead in events.

As soon as Bridges returned and submitted his report, Hutton began developing plans for a joint naval and military invasion of New Caledonia. He envisaged using Australian troops as the land component, no doubt in the expectation that he would command this part of any such operation.

There is no evidence that he had been asked by the War Office to undertake these preparations, just as there is no indication that London welcomed, or indeed even responded to his correspondence on the subject. As late as June 1903, Hutton was simply informing the British intelligence department that when his scheme was completed, in six to eight months time, he would send them a copy, as he felt sure they would want to have in their archives “the proposals for an event which would undoubtedly be considered in the case of a war with France.”

What the Australian government would have thought about these proposals, particularly for the use of its troops in an enterprise of the sort, is not recorded because they apparently knew nothing of the plans. In this area, Hutton was playing a delicate game.

Noumea in 1870 41 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Before taking up his appointment in Melbourne at the end of January 1902, Hutton had been cautioned by the War Office that he should never appear to be acting as an agent of the imperial authorities. This was an injunction which Hutton took literally only so far as appearances were concerned, for he clearly saw it as his duty to secure Australian acceptance of imperial policies concerning defence.

This was a role requiring tact and patience, qualities which Hutton did not possess in abundance, and in May 1904, in the midst of a furore over the revelation that he kept a secret code for communicating with London, he found himself charged by the Labor opposition with acting “as a spy amongst us”.

At the time, an important tenet of War Office doctrine was the notion that the manpower resources of the dominions ought to be available to Britain for use in the event of a European war. To this end British policy sought to obtain Australian agreement to its troops being sent abroad when needed and to the creation of local forces which would constitute an imperial reserve.

Hutton began advocating this course of action from the time of his arrival, deviously arguing that such an arrangement actually served primarily Australian interests. In a minute on the defence of Australia, prepared at the government’s request in April 1902, he claimed that the protection of Australian interests, wherever these were threatened, required Royal Navy supremacy at sea and “the possession of a field force capable of undertaking military operations in whatever part of the world it may be desired by Australia to employ them”.

Hutton’s enthusiasm for the scheme of attack on Noumea is most readily understood in this wider context. To British imperialists of his ilk it seemed simple logic that operations in the Pacific represented a convergence of imperial and Australian interests.

Even as Bridges was fulfilling his orders on New Caledonia a prominent commentator on defence matters in the British Parliament, Sir Charles Dilke, wrote to Hutton that Australia would “need its military force for the purpose of undertaking the conquest of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides”.

Hutton no doubt agreed with this assessment, and added the further rationalisation that: “The national sentiment in Australa would be most favorable to the undertaking of such an enterprise, and any request embodying a suggestion of the kind from the Imperial Government would, in the present temper of public feeling in Australia, be hailed with satisfaction. You are no doubt aware of the growth of a Monroe Doctrine for Australia.

New Caledonia has always been looked upon by Australian public opinion as a necessarily integral part of the Australian Commonwealth of the future.”

Hutton was obliged to acknowledge, however, that his thesis did not enjoy universal support within the Australian community. In a private letter he wrote in September, 1902, to Vice-Admiral Cyprian Bridge, commander-in-chief of the Royal Navy’s China station, he confided that as the Labor Party then dominated the Federal Parliament, there would be “violent opposition to any idea of utilising Australian troops for offensive-defensive operations”.

He went on to remark: “It is very curious that a sort of Australian Spread-Eagleism is being created an instinct towards elbowing France and Germany out of Australian waters also of keeping out colored labour of all sorts from Australian soil; yet the very Labor members advocating these principles will not tolerate even the power of using, even under Australian direction, any part of their military force beyond the 3 mile limit.”

But he consoled himself and his correspondents that this attitude of the Labor Party did not reflect public opinion.

Whether or not his personal assessment of the strength of public support for the idea of forcible seizure of New Caledonia was correct, Hutton was soon to discover that he had strayed into an area of politics where his views were not appreciated. In 1903 he prepared a report for the government in which he ventured into a discussion of Australia’s regional responsibilities in the Western Pacific, and possible threats arising from the presence of Germany, Holland and France in parts proximate to Australia, and added for good measure a reference to an “Australian Monroe Doctrine of Immigration”.

Segments of the report appeared in the Melbourne Argus newspaper in August 1903, including his remarks that: “The development of the national instinct, and the increase of commercial prosperity tend to show that Australia in the near future is destined to play a leading part in the Pacific . . . It will not, I hope, be considered out of place to observe that recent Commonwealth legislation points distinctly to the establishment of the Monroe doctrine in Australasian waters, and to the enforcement of the principle that the future population of Australia is to consist only of certain defined races.”

Hutton’s faith in the utility of notions of a “Monroe Doctrine” as a popular catchcry was probably based on the three years he had spent as commandant of New South Wales’ military forces between 1893-96.

The extent to which his views lacked currency might be judged from the fact that, when faced with questions in Parliament about Hutton’s report, even the conservative prime minister Edmund Barton was disinclined to defend his military commander. Although he refused to censure the general, Barton described the expressions reported to have been used by Hutton as “somewhat questionable”.

The fact was that the Australian government was not interested in Hutton’s field force concept, nor in becoming enmeshed in British schemes for defence of the empire. At the Colonial Conference in London in mid-1902, Australia and Canada both rejected the idea of creating local forces which would be at the call of the imperial authorities, and the clause Hutton inserted to provide for troops to be sent overseas was removed from Australia’s first Defence Bill before it was finally passed by Parliament in October 1903.

In any event, British (and French) thoughts of possible operations against each other’s colonial possessions soon receded with a warming of relations between the two powers from July 1903, culminating in the informal alliance known as the Entente Cordiale in April the following year.

Hutton’s term of command in Australia came to an end in 1904 too, apparently without his scheme ever having been finalised. Bridges, on the other hand, became chief of intelligence of the Australian army on Hutton’s departure, and later chief of the general staff.

In 1914 he gave final embodiment to Hutton’s dream of an Australian field force fighting in Britain’s support during a European war, when he sailed at the head of the first contingent of the Australian Imperial Force which was to serve with an Anglo-French force at Gallipoli and ultimately on the Western Front.

Both Australia and New Zealand responded to requests at the outset of the war to take control of the Pacific possessions of Britain’s enemy, but the territories which were seized belonged to Germany, not France.

Port de France (Noumea) 1860 42 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986 AUSTRALIA'S MONROE DOCTRINE:

books Oceanic and Australasian Mythology. By Roslyn Poignant. Library of the Worlds Myths and Legends. Flatham, Middlesex, Newnes Books, 1985.

Myths have long been recognised as keys to human preoccupations.

Rosalyn Poignant is an authority on the mythology of the Pacific Islands and Australasian region, and Oceanic and Australasian Mythology is an expansion of an earlier book on the subject published some twenty years ago.

It has been extensively revised to take account of developments during that time, for example in island autonomy and respect for indigenous culture. The Land Rights movement in Australia has focused attention on Aboriginal myths, linked as they are to every detail of the landscape.

In the Pacific islands leaders have asserted their independence of thinking on issues such as the nuclear threat. All this has made the study of myths far from esoteric, for, as Mrs Poignant points out, they can be sensitive indicators of group and even national identity.

It is important, therefore, that they should be rightly understood as far as possible according to the perceptions of the people who produced and were influenced by them, and this book goes a long way towards bringing this about.

A general introduction covers the prehistory of the area, taking account of recent advances in knowledge about settlement of the Pacific; followed by an outline of European discovery with its often drastic consequences both for populations and their mythologies.

The worst effects of contact were eventually tempered by attempts to save both the people, physically and spiritually, and their stories, which from quite early on caught the imagination and were sporadically recorded.

William Ellis, a pioneer missionary in Tahiti, thought the fables of the Tahitians were comparable to “the dazzling mythologies of the east.”

Having laid the historical background, and sketched in the present, Mrs Poignant goes on to discuss, for each of the areas into which the book is divided, the pre-contact culture and cosmic beliefs, which she interweaves with examples of the stories themselves. Her own narrative art is consummate, and the net result is informative and entertaining.

The book falls fairly naturally into sections: Polynesia, Micronesia; Melanesia and Australia. The area divisions cannot be hard and fast, and story elements, notorious will o’ the wisps, cross the artificial boundaries - The Trobrianders, for exampie, knew of a very dangerous island of women just beyond their immediate locality that recalls the island of women of the Marquesan Kae story. Such is the stuff of comparative mythology. But the author does find it possible to make some interesting distinctions, A major problem in the mythology of the Pacific Islands, especially of Polynesia, it is bewildering diversity. It has been said that no one story 43 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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exists in its entirety right across this region, and there are nearly as many versions as there are islands.

There is only consensus of a very loose kind of fundamental matters such as the fate of the soul after death. Roslyn Poignant meets this difficulty head on; she chooses to follow one coherent account rather than attempt to synthesise, and in this way she manages to make sense of the confusion of the raw sources without deceiving the reader as to the authority of any particular version over another.

Polynesia has the largest share of the book, and its mythology is probably best know, through famous characters like Maui with his land fishing, and Hina, here designated “the universal woman”, to be seen beating tapa in the moon. The stories are long, often interrelated in saga-like manner, even in the incomplete form in which they survive, full of action and, as throughout this collection, appararently free of ethics; there is little of virtue or its reward.

Micronesian tales have a certain courtliness, even the original cosmic rock being addressed by an honorific that translates as “Sir”. In this section is quoted a story that is clearly related to the migration route to Kiribati from Samoa (islands grow where flowers are flung north of Samoa Tarawa, Bern and Tabiteuea); and another gives the origin of the division into three districts of Fais. Both myths have obvious practical application.

In Polynesian and Micronesian stories important roles are often taken by fish. In Micronesia there are the porpoise girls, who are stranded with their human husbands until they can find their tails and swim away (Roslyn Poignant calls this the “swan-maiden” theme but it seems closer to stories of mermaids).

In Polynesia humans could be on fraternal or even amorous terms with fish, mainly dolphins and whales. Considering the watery environment this may come as no surprise, especially given the high level of intelligence now established for dolphins by scientific research.

More puzzling is the part played by eels, unless, as Roslyn Poignant suggests, this is a manifestation of the almost universal mythological motif of the snake.

Melanesia is somewhat of a special case, in that many areas have only relatively recently been contacted. It is possible to see the folklore in action.

Stories are told, for example, by the Tangu and others, that incorporate the arrival of white men and their “cargo”.

Papua New Guineans, it is here suggested, have a fairly pragmatic and localised outlook, being more concerned with the origin of the tribe than of the universe. As one would expect, the stories from smallerisland Melanesia have more in common with other islandbased mythologies.

The myths of Aboriginal Australia do not sit particularly well with other sections of the book.

Links can be traced; but here men seem to be utterly dominated by vast spiritual beings, such as the great Wondjina, depicted without mouths lest they bring too much rain, and the übiquitous many-named Rainbow Snake.

The disciplines imposed within Aboriginal society are evidently closely linked to validating myths such as that of the Tjilpa or native cat-men, told by the Aranda to validate the rite of subincision (thought by some, however, to be an attempt to make men more like women).

The snake that swallows and then regurgitates, too (story of Kunapipi, p. 149) is closely associated with traumatic initiation rites that in themselves cement the individual powerfully into his place and fate.

Nevertheless the sense of tragic “primal inevitability” that Mrs Poignant sees in tales such as “Kunmanggur the Rainbow Snake and Tjiniman the Bat” is modified by belief in reincarnation.

Plenty of information is given on where to go for other versions, more detail, or further discussion. A look at some of the original collections shows how rash the “psychological generalisations” the author warns us against can be. She also warns against interpreting too literally what was perhaps meant “only as a metaphor”.

The text is one thing, and one cannot do justice in a short space to the richness and variety of the material encompassed in it. It is complemented by numerous fine illustrations, many of them photographs in color and black and white, of art and cult objects, drums, carvings, rock and bark paintings, assemblages of wood, cord and feathers endowed in the correct circumstances with spiritual immanence.

There are also drawings and paintings from the early explorers’ expeditions. One of the noticeable “expansions” from the earlier book is the inclusion of more modem photographs, many by Axel Poignant, that bring the content right into the present. A particularly welcome addition, this time from the early period, is the Tuamotuan Creation Chart, a gem that illustrates (but remember the caveat about metaphor) one group’s ideas of the nature of the universe and man’s place in it.

Mrs Poignant’s book is a fine overall introduction to the myths of the Pacific and Australia, with many insights and asides for further pondering. It is published as one of a series on world mythologies. Some readers will be looking to other volumes, say on Malaysia, Japan and South America, to follow up her clues.

Jennifer Terrell.

Hand made for a pittance Froduction of Women’s Handicraft in Fiji by Tuga Vulaono Nacanaitaba. Published by New Zealand Coalition for Trade and Development, Wellington, N.Z., 1984. SNZIO.

ISBN 0-908617-04-6.

This is a research project, sponsored by the New Zealand Coalition for Trade and Development and the Centre for Applied Studies in Development, USF, Suva.

Its presentation lists of tables, figures, appendices, bibliography and footnotes is the work of a well-organised researcher; the report could well be a small thesis.

However, this should not dissuade those interested in Fijian handicraft from reading it. In fact, some of the information on the effect of handicraft production on the economies of small villages would be valuable reading for those who seek to understand Fijian rural conditions.

The report is centred on case studies of village women and their handicraft production on Vatulele, Moce, Oneata, Komo and Koro islands. The author has looked at what sort of return these women get for their production efforts, at the way each island and in some cases how villages on each island specialises in a particular type of handicraft, and the difficulties of marketing.

She does not describe the actual preparation of materials and production methods of the masi (bark cloth), and ibe (mats); this is well documented in other publications.

She has concentrated on describing the part that handicraft production plays economically within the lives of the household and the village. A major revelation (at least for this reader), is that a village woman can expect a return of $1.50 for a small piece of mosi 12 inches by 18 inches, which took her ten hours to produce.

These hours take into account the collection of the trees used from gardens which are often quite a distance from her home, preparation of the material, actual manufacture of the mosi and drying times for the dyes. What a miserable reward for such skill.

Other figures reveal the frustrations village women have to deal with in getting their handicraft to market. It can cost up to $lOO for a roll of 10 to page 47 46 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

from page 46 assorted mats to be transported from their island to the Suva markets.

Research showed that these mats may return $199; deduct the boatman’s fee and the stall holder’s commission and the maximum return for the producer is in the order of 30 cents per hour; the likely return would be less.

These tables alone should be compulsory reading for every tourist who contemplates the purchase of a piece of masi or ibe as a memento of their visit.

Perhaps some may think twice before trying to knock $1 off the price.

Tauga Vulaono Nacanaitaba, in her conclusion, calls for more co-operation among the various groups which seek to assist the village women with either training or marketing. At present each group offers different advice on the same problems and this causes confusion among the women whom they are trying to help.

Government Development plans increasingly include handicrafts and its production as matters for assistance but with little concrete result.

Perhaps these agencies should read this report to see where the need for real action lies.

Ngaire Douglas.

The problems with microstates States, Microstates and Islands (ED) Edward Dommen and Philippe Hein This book provides a rich source of information on the problems and possibilities of islands and microstates facing the challenges of the modern world.

The first few chapters attempt to define a microstate and to list their characteristics. It is generally agreed that microstates are not only small physically but also economically. Chapter 3 gives a further demarcation.

Smallness can be externally imposed on people, (the divide and rule principle) or internally generated. Small is not seen as beautiful but synonomous with a special set of constraints.

These are listed on p. 41 as: insularity and isolation; resource limitations; dependence on a very narrow range of agricultural products; distance from markets; serious balance of payments problems; narrow range of local skills; dependence on one or few large companies; heavy dependence on aid and external institutions; proneness to certain natural disasters; and fragile natural ecologies.

All authors agree that microstates and islands generally face problems. All agree that their viability is of critical importance.

The divergences occur on whether or not they believe the problems can be overcome and by what means. There are elements of doom expressed in the book.

For instance Anthony Dolman, Senior Consultant at the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague writes: “It is difficult to see how small island producers can even compete with more efficient, lower cost and geographically less disadvantaged developing countries.”

Even those island states which in the ’7os could produce excess fish, fruit, vegetables, light manufacturing, plastics, paper and boats cannot now compete well on the world market.

The book also makes reference to better times in the Pacific in the pre-colonial era.

Colonists are held responsible for the decline in the range of crops and the destruction of local food systems. However it is also true that in former times, on atolls such as Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, suffering was experienced during drought periods even when coconut trees died. All was not always rosy for all Pacific islands in the past.

But elements of hope are also expressed in the book. Mr Dolman further states that small island countries may identify new development paths that larger developing countries may one day be forced to travel. Microstates could become the laboratories in which alternative development strategies are shaped by selfreliance. Still, such expressions of hope do not provide guidelines on how microstates will attain viability.

Chapter 6 provides the most optimistic and concrete guidelines for further development of microstates. There it is argued that the cultural background of many island developing countries is more conducive to the transfer of technology than other developing countries. Island communities can be particularly suitable locations for offshore investment. They are largely the products of European maritime culture.

Also they have a higher primary and secondary school enrolment ratio than other developing countries of the same income level. The chapter goes on to outline the needs of Pacific islands information and techniques in market research, management, finance, organisation and advertising. It is further claimed that island developing countries would be wise to develop on the basis of assets they have human resources.

It appears that the underlying assumption behind most of the reasoning in the book is that all must aspire to share in the Western standard of living. That assumption is debatable. It could be argued that the Western standard of living, with all its advantages and disadvantages, is not suitable for all countries and has usually been forced on areas to ensure a market for Western goods.

Yet many would argue that the days of subsistence are over; that Island States need to enter the world economy. The Western Samoan Government states that: “Theoretically, an island country has two options.

It can remain a small, closed society at a subsistence level which would probably provide adequate quantity (not necessarily quality) of food but none of the consumer goods, medicines and other modern conveniences that come with economic development.

“Alternatively, it can have access to these things by becoming integrated with the world economy through the promotion of the type of development which allows for greater and more beneficial exchange. In fact, the first is not really an option. There are few, if any, small societies which having had access to certain amenities have rejected them and gone back peacefully to the traditional ways of their ancestors. Having become a part of the international economy, it is then a question of preserving what is best in traditional values and developing the economy so that it becomes more reliant on trade and less on aid Other Pacific island states, however, such as Kiribati, still believe in the efficacy of a subsistence level economy. In Chapter 7, “Foreign Trade in Goods and Services” the same idea, that there are prospects for increasing self-reliance on a number of small islands, is expressed.

What appears more viable, however are schemes for collective self-reliance and regional co-operation. This brings us around full circle to the sentiment offered in the beginning of the book that as it is easier to exploit small and isolated communities, the way to survive is to become part of a group which can offer resistance.

No doubt many researchers will disagree with much that is in States Microstates and Islands. Still, the book provides much stimulus for thought and reminds us that a good deal more research is needed to provide answers, however tentative, to the issues raised Sandra Rennie. 47 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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The politics of race Politics in Fiji: Studies in Contemporary History.

Edited by Brij V. Lai. Published by the Institute for Polynesian Studies, Brigham Young University, Hawaii Campus, 1986. 161 Pp. ISBN 0 939154 45 5. Price SUS 18.95.

This collection of five related essays is a “survey of the evolution and structure of Fijian politics in the colonial and postcolonial period”. Fiji, perhaps more so than any other part of the English-speaking Pacific, has managed to develop a most curious and complex political system which the authors have elaborated upon in readable detail.

Ahmed Ali’s essay on preindependence political change lays the foundation for the book’s theme. The 1874 Deed of Cession “enshrined the doctrine of paramountcy of Fijian interests”, and the task of the colonial government was to function as the “guardian of the indigenes.” The Council of Chiefs became the “official voice of the Fijian people and a channel through which Fijian aspirations and goals were communicated to the colonial regime”. The necessity of creating representative institutions for Europeans and Indians became increasingly apparent.

Brij Lai’s essay on postindependence electoral and political development focuses on the major institutions of Fijian governance. The Fiji constitution “has not ceased to be a controversial issue in Fijian politics.” The Westminster model constitution organised the allocation of power and authority among Fiji’s ethnic constituencies, though many Fijians believed that only a “Fijian-dominated Alliance government will protect their heritage and rights.”

By implication then, it has been suggested that the Indians must accept a second-class political position, though the Federation opposition activities would indicate that “it has recognised the dire consequences that await the Indians should it ever capture government” According to the 1982 general election results, it seems that their is some credence to the view that the Fijian attitude to sharing power with others is “hardening.” Land is a “more emotive issue than the distribution of political power” and it has become “more acute, certainly more politicised” in the last two decades.

“What land is to the Fijians, education is to the Indians, it has been said often in Fiji, though, of course, both communities need both land and education.” Underlying the policy of positive discrimination in favor of indigenous Fijians, is the “assumption of Indian prosperity and Fijian economic backwardness. ”

Fijians who score lower on university entrance examinations than their Indian counterparts often receive preferential treatment. Such policies, argues Lai, “distort reality and obscure important internal social and economic differentiation within the two communities.”

Indeed, it could be demonstrated that many Indians are themselves disadvantaged by poor educational facilities and adverse geographic circumstances. To promulgate such policies on th*> basis of “bland stereotypes of Indian prosperity and Fijian backwardness is as misleading as it is dangerous. ”

For Ralph Premdas, ethnic politics is “fraught with tension and racial animosity” whereby open expressions of “mutual contempt by members of different groups are subtle and restrained in daily intercourse, but periodically spill over into public discourse.” Political proposals for a “government of national unity” between Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara and Jai Ram Reddy, President of the opposition National Federation Party, were initiated on the basis that politics which uses “race as the measure for evaluating what is suitable or unsuitable” for Fiji undermines the legitimacy of existing governing institutions.

Though ethnic identity is still the “dominant force in solidarity relations”, Premdas is hopeful that an evolving and new generation of “educated Fijians and Indians who are urbanbased, secular, and instrumental in outlook” will rise to the forefront of political leadership.

Roderick Alley attributes the emergence of party politics in Fiji to the “introduction of novel modes of electoral participation, organised political activities, and the dawning recognition that Fiji would indeed have to stand on its own as a nation greater than the sum of its collective ethnic parts.”

The formative years of the Alliance Party were marked by complications attributed to the fact that the party itself was “not a unitary body with a single membership at large”, but rather composed of “constituent structures”. Initial efforts to attract members were inhibited by the lack of organisational procedures and objectives and the inability of the party to “articulate coherent recommendations as to the specifics of the party they were encouraged to join.”

Once the electoral process was initiated, the Alliance party “sought to convey itself as a party of gradualism, authority, legitimacy and above all, moderate responsibility. ” The party sought only to “strengthen its claim as the true representative of all the communities in Fiji. ”

The Federation party, on the other hand, was organised on clearly perceived assumptions.

Economic insecurity, a lack of political strength, and the unsettled social status and national identity were paramount considerations in the minds of party members. Its recruitment efforts were directed in areas where the Indian communities were concentrated.

Robert Norton’s discussion on ethnic divisions and elite competition attempts to analyse political dynamics in terms other than race. Political confrontation and conciliation as a process between opposition parties result in part from the inconsistent characteristics of inequality existing or perceived to exist between ethnic communities.

Fijians and Indians are not communities in direct competition. In Norton’s opinion, communal conflict arises out of differences between two different socio-economic systems rather than from different ethnic groups. Thus the process of co-operation and compromise becomes feasible when the political elites come to realise that some accommodation is possible.

Party conflicts are essentially a “contest not between ethnic groups, but between ideologies designs for Fiji either of which people might choose to endorse in some degree.” In a sense then, the problems arise out of the difficulties in “bridging different socio-economic systems, and making the resources of one system available to the other without producing political disequilibrium.”

William Tagupa Ratu Mara: There have been suggestions that he should lead a “government of unity.” 49 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

How solid thinking leads to pure driving comfort.

At Mazda, we’re not comfortable with easy answers. After all, anyone can deliver a small, efficient car. But creating such a car that’s truly comfortable, a car that’s exciting yet not wearing, takes solid R&D followed by long hard thinking. Just the kind of thinking that went into the design of the new Mazda 323.

The Hard Reality Small cars are lightweight for efficiency. However, a lightweight body is easily affected by vibration, which creates noise, the feeling of a harsh ride, and affects handling as well. The solution is to make the body more rigid. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom had it that you can’t increase rigidity without increasing weight. Fortunately, Mazda has never accepted the conventional wisdom, as our success with the rotary engine has shown.

Mazda engineers put the technology of Continuous Wave Laser Holography to work. This technology had enabled automakers to actually see vibrations to within 0.1 microns of accuracy.

In effect, you can see where noise is coming from. This technology had been used to analyze engine parts, but before Mazda tackled the problem it had never been possible with an entire body.

Good Vibrations You can see the results of this kind

of analysis below. Sound you can see.

When the body is vibrated to approximate varying highway speeds and road conditions we can actually see where disturbing low frequency sounds originate and eliminate them by increasing rigidity through structural changes or by damping. And increased rigidity improves not only comfort, but handling too.

The result is pure comfort. Not the comfort you see in the trimmings that make a car’s interior a pleasant place.

It’s the comfort you can feel even after several hours of driving.

The Mazda Frame of Mind At Mazda, our engineers have never been comfortable with the conventional “wisdom.” It’s this frame of mind which has led to innovations like the acclaimed TTL suspension system, and now, the new Mazda 323, which has just won West Germany’s Golden Steering Wheel Award.

The new Mazda 323; a solid achievement that’s as smooth as can be. 11 - © Mazda Motor Corporation ft' ** ■— • Interferometric patterns are created by laser holography to show the location and volume of vibration.

Each stripe shows a mere 0.12 microns of vibration.

Pacific stamp box With this month’s stamp news, I wish you all a very happy and holy Christmas time. This time of the year is always a good one to have a breather and catch up on stamp collecting. Most countries have stopped issuing stamps over these couple of months and these are the holidays when one usually spends time relaxing before the hustle and bustle of the new year.

Many countries have issued their annual packs and year albums during November. May I urge you to put aside the Papua New Guinea year album again. Last year’s run of 5,000 sold out quickly. This year 10,000 have been produced (again a low figure).

With the issue of some very attractive stamps this year the Papua New Guinea year album is most attractive and serves as a very useful Christmas present for someone who has everything. The Papua New Guinea Consulate at 100 Clarence St, Sydney is now selling Papua New Guinea stamps.

The Kingdom of Tonga is celebrating its centenary of postage stamps. The first stamps were issued in the capital Nukua ’lofa on August 27, 1886. To mark the centenary Tonga issued a set of four stamps and a miniature sheet on 27 August. The stamp illustrates the various types of stamps issued during the last 100 years. Featured are four monarchs who have reigned during the period (King George I, King George 11, Queen Salote and King Taufa’ Ahau Tupou IV.) The meeting of Pacific Island countries which recently gathered to discuss philatelic sales decided in an effort to rehabilitate the industry, to ask the Canadian Government for assistance.

The result was a 101 page manual written by a Canadian Philatelic expert, Frank Flatters.

The manual was examined by Kiribati, Tonga, Tuvalu, The Solomons, Vanuatu and Western Samoa. The main thrust of the report was that revitalising of stamp sales depended on a presence in the market with quality products but no overproduction. (One hopes Tuvalu takes the message to heart as their latest thematic issues featuring Football World Cup and Locos amount to 42 stamps issed in one month).

It is good to see Pacific nations working together to not only increase their earnings from stamp sales but to give the collectors the best possible stamps and service.

Well done Australia. The Asiago Award, which is conducted in conjunction with the annual Philatelic Exhibition at Asiago, Italy, has been given to Australia for the world’s most beautiful stamp issue for 1985. The prestigious award was given for Australia’s 1986 conservation set.

Fiji issued a ‘knock out’ set of four stamps in November featuring war clubs. War was indeed a part of Fijian life until early this century. The ritual and ceremony of ancient customs often required war to settle disputes and sacrifices to accompany most major events. War clubs were used in these events. Despite their rather frightening background the clubs were intricately carved. These stamps show the clubs and the beautiful designs they feature.

Fiji, Kiribati (26 August) and Tuvalu (30 July) issued stamps featuring lizards. Those collecting stamps on this theme will be impressed with the attractive designs of all the stamps.

Norfolk Island on 23 September issued its set of Christmas stamps. This year the theme is outdoor activities showing yachts sailing off the island with the Dove of Peace observing the island from above.

With the International Year of Peace nearly over one hopes the idea of Peace will remain uppermost in the minds of all.

With the America’s Cup yacht race hotting up in Perth, several Pacific countries are issuing stamps for the event. Papua New Guinea next year will commemorate the event with a set of four stamps featuring historic boats in the history of that country.

Mentioned last month was the fact that the Solomon Islands have been granted the world philatelic rights to the America’s Cup. In conjunction with the set of 50 stamps the Solomon Islands have now released a very attractive and informative book called “The Encyclopedia of the America’s Cup in Stamps”. The 50 stamps can be housed in the book which tells you everything you ever wanted to know about the cup and its contestants. 52 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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New team for Henderson Henderson Island, Pitcairn’s uninhabited dependency, will be the subject of a full scale bi-national study in February.

The scientific survey will be jointly sponsored by the USA’s Smithsonian Institute and Britain’s Royal Society.

Carrying the team will be the Research Vessel Rambler which embarked on the long voyage to Henderson Island from Gloucester, Massachusetts on October 1. R.V. Rambler is a three-masted staysail schooner skippered and owned by George Nichols who has been engaged in whale research, largely in the Atlantic and Caribbean in recent years.

Rambler will approach Henderson Island in leisurely manner. First stop is Bermuda for equipment checks and from there she will sail to Brazil.

The next leg takes her down the coast of Argentina studying whales and their eating habits and on to the Falkland Islands.

She then passes through the Beagle Channel and the Straits of Magellan before making north for Valparaiso.

Next call is at Easter Island where the five British and American scientists are due to embark and then Rambler goes on to Pitcairn with a possible stop at Ducie, another uninhabited Pitcairn dependency.

The five-man Henderson team will consist of David Stoddard, a Cambridge geologist and botanist; David Steadman, a vertebrate paleontologist for the New York State Museum; Gary Graves, a Smithsonian ornithologist and two entomologists, Wayne Mathis of the Smithsonian and Gustave Paulay of the University of Washington State.

All are curious as to the wildlife on a Pacific island which has, to the best of anyone’s knowledge, been uninhabited for 500 years. According to Nichols, earlier expeditions learned that there had been a human settlement some five centuries earlier.

“We would like to know more about those early inhabitants,” Nichols said. “We gather that others have found evidence that several species of birds had lived there prior to the arrival of man, but have since died out.”

The team is undecided on how to best handle the visit.

The question of whether to remain full-time on the island or return to the ship each night to diminish the impact of the human presence was still unresolved.

Island conditions, however, may dictate their choice. “We gather that the vegetation is so dense on Henderson that the only way to move about may be by sea,” said Nichols.

While neither Pitcairn nor Henderson has a bay or sheltered anchorage, Nichols senses Henderson is more “landable” than Pitcairn, though some others from Rambler’s complement of 20 may stay there with “spin off” benefits for the islanders.

For one of those on board will be Hart Achenback, a medical doctor with considerable experience in Third World medical pratice. “Dr Achenback will be happy to provide medical services in Pitcairn should there be any need,” said Nichols.

After Pitcairn, the vessel heads for the Marquesas “for a rest” and then to Tahiti and on to Phoenix Island in Kiribati to see the wild life preserve there.

After touring the Marshalls, Rambler then heads for Fiji where she is due next September. The next sheduled stop is Tonga followed by Wellington, Hobart, Sydney and Brisbane.

By April, 1988 (it is a long voyage) Rambler will be in Darwin from where she will set out to cross the Indian Ocean returning to Gloucester a few days after Easter 1989.

Nichols said his vessel would be more than willing to take reasonably sized cargo from Chile or Easter Island to Pitcairn, knowing that not too many ships call there. He said he would be willing to undertake further scientific research during the trip and that the vessel is equipped to do so.

For the adventurous a few berths for some parts of the voyage are available at a cost of US$3,OOO for the first month and somewhat less for the second and subsequent months.

David S. North.

R.V. Rambler - en route for Henderson Island. 54 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

The Journal Of

Pacific History

Volume XXI 1986 1-2 Articles on: lotete and South Marquesan politics (Nicholas Thomas); Oral traditons among the Binandere (John Waiko); Cook and the Transits of Mercury and Venus (Charles Herdendorf); Sea level changes and Pacific prehistory (John Gibbons and Fergus Clunie); Evolution of Pacific canoe rigs (Adrian Horridge). 3-4 Special Issue on Contemporary Issues in the Pacific: Decolonization and beyond (Barrie MacDonald); Termination of the US Trusteeship in Micronesia (Robert Kiste); Aid and dependent development (Bruce Knapman); A decade of independence in Papua New Guinea (Jim Griffin); Regionalism, strategic denial and security (Richard Herr); The Nuclear Issue (Stewart Firth); Recent developments in French Polynesia (Barrie Shineberg); Pacific Islands Agriculture in the late 20th Century (R. G. Ward). $A20 ($US25) annually from The Editors, Journal of Pacific History Inc., c/o Research School of Pacific Studies, ANU, GPO BOX 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Bad news for the Nius Papua New Guinea’s “other” daily newspaper, Niugini Nius has been placed in receivership. Accountants Deloitte Haskins and Sells, who had been running the company finances since the financial controller was sacked early this year were appointed receiver-managers.

The newspaper has had a chequered history since its original launch in July, 1979. It was owned at that time by Mr Ray Thurecht.

The paper made some progress in the early years but, possibly due to its Lae printing base, was never able to make significant inroads into the market share of the Port Moresbybased Post-Courier.

The paper did, however, make something of a name as a hard-hitting outspoken journal.

But Thurecht decided his journalists had gone too far when, on the eve of the queen’s visit in 1982, the paper carried a comment column heavily critical of the royal family.

Thurecht withdrew the paper from sale for that day prompting his two expatriate journalists editor and sub editor to go on strike.

The proprietor turned to the other newspaper houses for help, suggesting that one of them might “lend” a journalist or two to produce the next day’s issue.

Word Publishing Company, a church owned newspaper house, had already had informal discussions about the possible purchase of the title and now, at a hastily arranged meeting with Thurecht, a deal was struck.

Word agreed to produce the daily for a fixed period while the title changed hands. However, Word’s owners later failed to ratify the decision and an arrangement was reached whereby Port Moresby businessman, John Haugie acquired the title which was to be managed by Word.

The newspaper was re-designed and relaunched in February, 1983 with an aggressive marketing campaign and quickly became accepted as a viable alternative publication to the well estabalished Post Courier.

Meanwhile, however, Word had problems. The financial wounds left by a fire which destroyed its printing plant the previous December proved too deep and, in August, Word announced a sweeping program of cost cuts mostly through redundancies.

Word offered to sell its press and ancillary equipment to Niugini Nius but later changed its mind, setting the scene for a bitter and protracted row.

Nius obtained finance through the government-sponsored National Investors Scheme and from the government-owned PNG Banking Corporation with the assistance of a government guarantee for the loan.

Meanwhile Haugie formed a new board that included PNGBC chief manager, Peter Nichols as well as Nichols’ close friend and Haugie’s business associate Jeffrey Wall. He had previously attracted general manager Russell Hunter away from Word.

But it was to be an inauspicious beginning. The PNGBC declined to release cash for capital purchases until the government guarantee was in place. Meanwhile, Nius was obliged to ask Word to carry on printing, for which the bank was prepared to release money.

Meanwhile, Word’s recently reconstructed board had decided that it wanted to either own Nius or enforce payment of previous debts, Nius went off the streets in June, 1986 when it refused to acknowlege the debt in return for continued printing only to reappear a week later using its own plant all of which had been installed in 10 days.

Despite the unbudgetted expense of printing at Word and the uncertainty caused by the six-month delay (waiting for the guarantee documents) in acquiring its own plant, Nius began to rebuild its circulation.

But it was too late. The staggering burden of debt (now put at A 53.2 million) was destined to weigh the company down.

Hunter resigned in August over a disagreement with elements of the board.

Wall took over the day to day running of the enterprise, but despite the arrival of a new editor the paper failed fire.

Nichols was fired by the bank as questions were asked in parliament not only about the Nius loans but also about the bank's funding of purchases of Placer Pacific shares. Nichols left the country and was subsequently refused re-entry.

Shortly afterwards, Wall, an experienced and expert political strategist with links to many of the country’s leading politicians, also left claiming he had been subjected to political pressure.

He claimed there had been politically motivated attempts to secure the cancellation of his visa because of his friendship with several politicians.

Nine days after Wall left the country, the receivership decision was announced. 55 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

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transitions Cancelled: The Cook Islands permanent resident status of controversial cancer therapist Dr. Milan Byrch.

An immigration department official said the minister for immigration Mr. Norman George had cancelled the residence certificates of Byrch and his wife Marylin Gardner.

Byrch and his family had been in the Cook Islands for about 18 months before the certificates were granted in 1978. As New Zealand citizens, they qualified for residence after one year.

Byrch then went to the USA where he served half of a six year prison sentence for fraud, grand theft and practising medicine without a licence. The certificates were cancelled earlier this year while the Byrch family was holidaying in Tahiti and was reported to be planning to return to New Zealand.

Elected: President of the Tonga Medical Association, Dr. Tevita Fuloka. The vice-president is Dr. Maika Kinahoi with Dr.

Siaosi ’Aho as secretary and Dr. Seini Kupu as treasurer.

Appointed: Acting director of parks and recreation for American Samoa, Leroy L. Leroux.

Known as his successful professional boxing career as the Pago Kid, Leroux had 44 professional bouts and held the All-Samoan middleweight championship before he quit the ring to join the US Navy in 1973.

He was previously the financial manager in the Office of Development Planning before being appointed to his new position.

Appointed: New Caledonia Government Tourist Office’s promotions and publicity manager for Australia, Norellc Feehan.

The Manager (Australia), Henri Maniquant said the new position was part of an overall strategy by the tourist office to increase communication between the industry and the general public.

Ms Feehan was previously a publicity officer with ABC Radio and before that was promotions co-ordinator for UTA French Airlines.

Mr Maniquant said it was important to maintain and build on the current upward trend of travel to New Caledonia.

Appointed: General manager of Friendly Island Airways, Paul Karalus, the former manager of South Pacific Island Airways.

A former St John’s High School teacher, Mr Karalus (37) takes over from Robert Moin of Australia who had been acting manager of FIA since the airilne’s inception in November last year.

Launched: New banknotes for Solomon Islands. The new notes are in denominations of $2, $5, $lO, $2O and $5O and incorporate the Solomon Islands coat of arms in place of the portraits of the queen.

Resigned: PNG Land Transport Chairman, Margaret Loko claiming “political interference.” A court had earlier ordered that a Singapore company, Pan Pacific, be given a licence to assemble cars from imported parts and that it also licence en 3 ** dea ' er ’ S . ‘ „ , „ , Trln.nl fM° f S,Sn M n!° Bmirno°M f? ' Bourne, Ms Loko said: “There “ t “ rauch poli “ c ?! i " terfer : y ° U . an( L Tra^ e . and Kwawra Minister, Mr. Galeva Demolished: One of Port Moresby’s best known landmarks, the bowling club at Ela Beach.

The club, along with the court house, the public library and the RSL club have all been given notices to quit by the National Capital District Interim Commission in order to make way for the planned redevelopment of the beach area.

Elected: National Fisherman of the Year, Harinandan Singh of Rewa, Fiji.

Mr Singh, of Kasavu in Lokia became a full time fisherman when the sugar industry closed down in the area.

Rei " stated : Seven sacked workers at New Guinea Bevera 3 es °f Lae, PNG after an Arbitration Tribunal ruled in their favour The seven had been dismissed for drinking on company premises but th S e tribunal P up V held their appeals, accepting their evidence that senior, management personnel were allowed to drink liquor on company premises.

The men had been out of * or months, Recalled: Solomon Islands permanent representative to the UN in New York, Mr.

Francis Saemala.

A Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement said he was being recalled because of the high cost of keeping him and his family in new York.

Deaths Nancy Adin of Maewo at Port Vila Central Hospital, after a long illness.

Before the Anglican Church became independent, Nancy had been a teacher on her island of Maewo while also working as a member of the Mothers Union.

Later she attended the Malmaluan Theological College in PNG and returned to teach at Torgil mission school an Ambae.

She became ill in 1979 and was sent to Australia for treatment in 1984.

Despite her illness, Nancy continued to carry out some of her duties and was particularly active in women’s organisations.

Hari Charan, well known Fiji personality died at Auckland.

Mr Charan’s professional life as a teacher and lawyer will have touched many hundreds of Fiji residents.

Born at Nausori in 1906, Mr Charan taight for ,many years at Natabua and Suva. He was the founder of the Deenbandhoo High School, now the Indian College.

He also found time to both study and practice law, being associated with the legal practice of Mr A IN. Deoki, MLC for many years in Suva.

He migrated with his family to New Zealand in the 1960’s and taught there at the Wesley College until his retirement.

His Auckland funeral was attended by many people with Fiji connections.

Tugaga Maulalo, a judge of the Western Samoan Land and Titles Court, died at his home, reportedly from a heart attack.

Before joining the judiciary, judge Tugaga served in parliament as representative for Safune, Savaii.

Motu’apuaka Tonga’s leading matapule (talking chief) was buried at the Mala’e Lahi cemetery at Te’ekiu.

He died in Seattle, Washington, USA and his body was flown home and carried to his people at the Te’ekiu estate for funeral services and the traditional pongipongi ceremony.

Born in Neiafu, Vava’u in 1910 and christened Sione Alaipulotu, Motu’apuaka was educated at Tonga College where he began a distinguished career as a poet, musician and composer.

He was formally installed by the late queen Salote Tupou 111 to the Motu’apuaka matapule title and estate in 1944 on the death of his father, ’lnoke Tu’alau Motu’apuaka.

The matapule title gave him the right to sit at the king’s right and to direct the taumafa ceremony during the traditional royal installation.

The highlight of his matapule career was in 1967 when he directed the taumafa ceremony at the coronation of King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV.

His funeral service was attended by the Prince Regent Fatafehi Tu’ipelehake, Princess Melenaite, Prince Lavaka-ata, Princess Nanasipau’u, Princess Salote Mafile’o Pilolevu Tuita, Baron Tuita of ’Utungake as well as politicians, family and friends.

His son Soakai was accompanying the king on his Asia- European tour as security officer. 57 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

South Pacific Bureau for \SPEC/ W Economic Co-operation Applications are invited for the position listed below, which will become available early in 1987.

Programme Controller

SOUTH PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME The occupant of this position is leader of a small highly professional staff unit implementing a regional telecommunication development programme under the supervisory direction of an inter-governmental Programme Management Group comprising telecommunications representatives from each of the participating Island nations.

The duties of the position involve the development and management, within the overall regional programme, of specific assistance to national programmes by the application of appropriate planning, design and installation expertise utilising natural resources to the maximum extent practicable supplemented by specialist assistance from appropriate telecom authorities including principally Australia and New Zealand and from the ITU.

Major responsibilities of the Programme Controller include liaison with bodies involved in funding development in the region, negotiations with authorities and manufacturers regarding the supply of appropriate telecom equipment, and liaison with other international and national bodies involved in the planning, installation and operation of telecommunication networks.

The successful applicant will be a professional engineer with the qualifications and experience for admission to Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia, or equivalent. The position requires experience in the planning and installation of telecommunication services particularly in the rural section, and demonstrated professional and managerial capability to establish and implement a major telecommunication programme. The total remuneration package is expected to be in the vicinity of Fiji dollars 50,000 p.a.

A 3-year contract will be offered, available from March 1987.

General Information: The South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation, known as SPEC, is the secretariat for the South Pacific Forum: consisting of the Heads of State of the current 14 independent countries of the South Pacific Region. It is based in Suva, Fiji, and has some 20-25 professional officers and some 25 support staff.

Appointees will be based in Suva, but will be required to travel extensively, mainly within the South Pacific region. Tax free salaries at a regional level apply, together with attractive family, housing and education allowances, and medical and superannuation provisions. A six-month probationary period is standard.

Applications, which close on 24th December, 1986, should detail education and employment background and list three referees with whom the applicant has been associated m a professional capacity.

Applications and enquiries should be addressed to: The Director, South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation, GPO Box 856, Suva, FIJI.

Telephone: Fiji 31-2600. Telex: 2229 SPECSUVA FJ. Fax: Fiji 31-4204 58 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

yachts lAN MENZIES reports from Darwin: • NIRVANA 111. In every sense of the word she is a home. From a fluffy poodle called Casper to home-made apple pie, Fred and Jill Bettwieser’s Nirvana 111 is indeed their water-borne, mobile home. And they have set her up beautifully.

Fred Bettwieser, a retired engineer and industrial designer and his wife Jill, always wanted to go cruising. So the pair of them decided to build a boat.

They started out in 1973 with the plans for a ferro-cement Hartley Tahitian 44, and lots of enthusiasm.

When launched in Brisbane in 1980, the only resemblance Nirvana 111 bore to the original Hartley plans was in her hull design. It is patently obvious that Fred’s engineering skills have come to the fore, and they are reflected in his superb redesign of the interior and the subsequent fit-out.

The completed Nirvana 111 displaces 21 tonnes, has a beam of 3.86 metres (12’8”), and with her comparatively “long short” keel of 2.44 metres (8’), draws 2.0 metres (6.56’). She is a solid, stable craft and yet still retains the lovely Tahitian lines.

From the dog house, with its starboard inside steering position, it’s a few steps down to a galley to port and dinette to starboard. The dinette is a little bit different to most, for it runs across the vessel, and also doubles as a chart table. The Bettwiesers have found it works admirably.

Forward of the saloon area is a head/shower and double Vberth forecabin. The starboard aft walkway contains a quarter berth and leads into a very spacious owner’s stateroom, complete with large twin berths and ensuite head/shower.

The interior throughout is fitted with white panelling trimmed with Queensland maple and Philippine mahoghany.

The overall impression is one of light, airy spaciousness, with just enough woodwork to retain a traditional touch.

Opening ports in the sheerline, together with a number of well-sited deck hatches, makes for a cool, well-ventilated interior with excellent air flow.

This is aided no doubt, by the 72 mm (3”) of polystyrene insulation foam that Fred has placed between the ferro-cement deck and the headliner.

And it’s that well-ventilated interior that allows Jill Bettwieser to practice her own particular art to perfection good, oldfashioned home cooking. From New Zealand to New Britain, Brisbane to Darwin, she is known throughout the cruising fleet as the “best cake maker on the high seas”!

To assist her in producing her culinary delights, Jill has a gimballed, double burner Rinnai gas stove with grill, plus a custom built (by Fred) fixed oven, placed strategically beneath. Prominent among Jill’s extensive range of cookware is a large stainless steel pressure cooker a veritable must for the sea-going chef.

With Fred’s background in engineering design, one would expect to see all sorts of gadgetry “hung off” the Perkins 4- 236 M 72 hp diesel located under the cockpit floor. There is, but in a rather unique fashion. Fred has installed an offset, stainless steel shaft that is belt driven at one end from the Perkins by an electrically operated clutch. This shaft, in turn, drives two alternators, the compressor for the refrigerator and freezer, a hydraulic system and a large capacity bilge pump.

At the other end of the shaft, connected by a similar belt system, is a 6 hp auxiliary Yanmar diesel. This diesel not only has the capacity to drive the accessories in isolation (thus reducing fuel consumption during daily battery charging), but may also be inter-connected to the propellor shaft. In the event of a main engine break-down, it can also drive the 3-bladed propellor (albeit somewhat slowly).

With large battery banks, and plenty of charging power available, Fred has been able to install an extensive range of electronics. These include a Walker 402 Satnav; a JRC 24 NMI radar; two depth sounders, including a video hydrograph unit; a Dick Smith VHF and a GME Marine CB.

On deck, Nirvana 111 is cutter rigged and equipped with Allmast roller furling making life that much easier for older limbs! A hefty range of ground tackle is also stowed, and includes three CQR anchors; 45 lb., 75 lb., and a massive 140 lb. cyclone anchor. Throw in a few Danforths and over 100 metres of chain, and you can see why Fred also installed a large hydraulic winch! 1981 saw the Bettwiesers eventually set sail from Brisbane with their first foreign landfall being Samarai in Papua New Guinea. Heading northward they cruised through the Trobriands, to New Ireland and then Rabaul in east New Britain. Southward again through the Buka Passage and on to Kieta in North Solomons.

Then, with special permission granted by the Government of Papua New Guinea, Nirvana 111 was allowed to do “the mail run” to the remote and restricted Mortlock Islands. Isolated from the outside world, the Mortlocks have retained their original unique culture, thought to be more Polynesian than Melanesian.

A second visit to the Mortlocks resulted in the Bettwiesers’ participation in a unique “Nirvana III”, the Tahitian 44 of Fred and Jill Bettwieser of Brisbane, at anchor off the Darwin Sailing Club. Photo: Ian Menzies. 59 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

“sing-sing”, a dance and feast rarely seen by outsiders. (Note: the Mortlock Islands are restricted in access heavy penalties will result if cruising yachties venture there without special permission from the PNG Government.) Continuing southward Nirvana 111 cruised through the Solomons, then through the island chains of Santa Cruz, Vanuatu and on to New Caledonia. It was on their leg from Noumea to New Zealand however, that the couple had an “encounter” that they will never forget.

It was lunchtime. Nirvana 111 was doing almost 7 knots under a full head of sail. Her position was 200 miles north east of Norfolk Island. You couldn’t want better cruising conditions.

Suddenly, she came to an almost complete stop and slewed around 190 degrees.

Flight alongside, lying on the surface with blood welling up, was a whale. It was so close that they could have touched it Fred started up the motor and, in his own words, they “took off at full speed”. They quickly left the whale behind them. The last they saw, it was just lying there, making absolutely no movement.

Worried about possible underwater damage, they made a hasty but thorough internal examination. There was no evidence of holing, neither were they taking any water. It was not until the vessel was slipped in New Zealand, that they discovered some external hull fractures. These were quickly and easily repaired.

After catching their breath cruising New Zealand waters for six months, Nirvana 111 once again headed northward. The couple cruised through the Whitsundays and then rounded Cape York for Darwin.

Re-provisioning complete, Fred and Jill Bettwieser headed for Christmas Island, with Galle in southern Sri Lanka as their next major stopover. Then it was to be the Mediterranean via the Red Sea.

DANIELLE PATER- SON reports from Port Moresby • PIERRE-MOINE From Noumea, their last port of call, Heire Brunet-Moret and crew Solonge Dumas arrived in Port Moresby in their Knocker designed, round bilge steel ketch.

The boat, built in France, is 11m overall with a beam of 3.4 m and is powered by a 25 h.p.

Yanmar diesel. Communication on board consists of both a Icom VHF set and a Yaesu ham radio.

In the galley department Pierre-Moine is set up with a gas stove and refrigeration.

Heire and Solonge stayed in Port Moresbvy for 10 days before setting out through the Torres Straits, for clearance into Australia. From Australia Heire intends to sail to Mauritius which is their immediate goal for this part of their voyage. • FYXE. Hailing from England, Harry Harrison is on his circumnavigation with Australia, Mauritius and South Africa as final stepping stones before landing back in England.

Harry’s last port of call, prior to his arrival in Port Moresby, was Whangerei, New Zealand.

His 8.24-m fibreglass cutter Fyxe was designed by Robert Harris and built in England.

Fyxe has a 2.6 m beam and a draft of 1.4 m.

Powered by a 20-h.p. Bukh diesel, Fyxe is quite at home under power or sail. She is equipped with a Sailor VHF radio for communication, and a kerosene stove looks after all Harry’s culinary needs. • I AND I The 8 m Westerly was sailed from Florida in 1983 with Americans Brower Walle, Michelle Walle and eightmonth-old Brise Walle on board. They arrived in Port Moresby from Samarai.

I and I was designed by Laurent Giles and built in England. She has a beam of 2.6 m and a bilge keel draft of 1.1. m.

She is constructed of fibreglass and is powered by a 10 h.p.

Volvo diesel. Carrying no refrigeration or radio on board, Brower keeps his boat simple.

Having been cmising around PNG waters for some five months the Walles are no strangers to the PNG lifestyle and have settled into the club atmosphere at the RPYC well.

The Walles sailed from Florida, down to New Zealand then up to the Solomons and PNG.

They are impressed with the RPYC’s marina and facilities stating that it’s the first marina they have encountered since leaving Florida. • FRANCESCA “To eventually finish our circumnavigation at Miami, Florida,” was the reply of James Denton (Fred to his friends) and crew Francesca Stassi-Denton when asked their intentions.

Fred and Francesca had just arrived in Port Moresby as part of the fleet in the Caims-Port Moresby yacht race. Francesca, a S & S 11.28 m built in the US, was caught by the excitement of the race while in Caims contemplating their next move.

Hailing from San Francisco both Fred and Francesca have the same interests, that of chatting up sailors at yacht bars, reading lots of books and simply working around the boat.

After a possible two month stay in PNG waters they intend to sail for Darwin as their next Australian port of call.

Francesca has a beam of 3.5 m and a draft of 2m. She is powered by a Perkins 40hp diesel, not that she is any kind of a slouch as she won the cruising section of the Caims/ Moresby race and accounted well for herself in a local event prior to retiring with spinnaker hassles.

The circumnavigation department on board consists of an Icom M2SD VHF set.

Fred and Jill Bettwieser, with their fourteen year old poodle Casper, In the dinette of their ferro-cement cutter “Nirvana III.

Photo: Ian Menzies.

Looking aft, past the superb galley, to the doghouse and centre cockpit of "Nirvana III.” Photo: Ian Menzies. 60 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

CLARK Agents wanted by Clark Aluminium Boats to make waves in the South Pacific ...

Clark Aluminium Boats wish to appoint further distributors throughout the Pacific Islands for their range of boats from 8 - 21 ft These craft are particularly suited to the Islands’ fishing and transport industries, requiring minimal maintenance and low h.p. propulsion.

Light weight, naturally, with fully-welded construction to add to the strength and durability. Clark boats are currently exported as CKD, SKD, or completely built-up.

Opportunity If you have the facility to assemble and / or market aluminium boats, we want to talk to you.

Deal Direct By dealing direct with the manufacturer, the agent saves the extra expense of handling charges from a third party.

Manufactured and distributed by MAYFAIRS W’SALE Pty. Ltd.

Viking Drive, Wacol, Brisbane Q. 4070 AUSTRALIA Telephone (07) 271 1122 Telex A 41913 Fax 52 4610 For further details contact Neil Bevan, General Manager Marine Division.

Royal coach puts his oar in When Tonga makes its longboat racing debut next June it will be a royal command performance.

The team coach is the king of Tonga, Taufa’ahau Tupou IV.

The 68-year-old monarch may be portly of frame but he has recently been showing his fitness by training with the men, 45 or 50 years his junior, who will man the 28-metre racing boats.

The king, who rowed for Sydney University during the ’3os, is preparing the Tongan team to meet the challenge issued by Western Samoa to mark its independence anniversary celebrations in Apia in June.

Just before setting off on a world tour, the king visited potential crew members of the Vava’u longboat crew and displayed his technique with the paddle and led the crew on a training run on a bicycle.

The spectacular racing canoes called “fautasi” in Samoa and “siu’a’alo” in Tonga carry 46 paddlers, 42 in double seats and four in singles. Crews from the two Samoas have competed annually for some years in the eight kilometre event.

Training routines are strict with the crews confined to camp for two weeks before the race without alcohol, tobacco or girls.

Two “siu’a’alo” are being built in Tonga with New Zealand assistance. One is for Vava’u and the other for Ha’apai while another is expected to be produced for Tongatapou.

Jim Shrimpton , AAP.

The King leads the way during a training run. 61 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

H Ml ACTA has charted a new course. A course that will set a cracking pace on the Australians run.

ACTA has built an enviable reputation in shipping from Australia to the East Coast of America. A reputation for reliability and ontime delivery that’s hard to match.

The good news is that you now expect the same standard of excellence between Australia and Fiji.

Because ACTA is determined to live up to its reputation in this new service which will be available from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.

To find out more about life in the fast lane of shipping, make a phone call now to ACTA’s Fijian representatives, Burns Philp(SS) Co. Ltd., on Suva: Tel 311 777, Lautoka: Tel 60777 ACT 0003 62 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

We’ve just made the ocean smaller!

Polynesia Line's new MS Polynesia 550-container ship provides regular monthly cargo service between Papeete. Pago Pago and Apia in the South Pacific, and Long Beach and Oakland on the US Pacific Coast.

POLYNESIMJNE Interocean Steamship Corporation General Agent K o Q TO Sk 3 5* ¥ V <6 Apia Pago Pago Papeete Serving Polynesia is all we do-and we do it better! shipping schedules Should any shipping company wish to have its services cargo and passenger included in these listings they should contact PIM.

Australia Fiji

Sofrana-Unilines (Fiji Express Line) operates to Suva and Lautoka every three weeks from the main ports on the east coast of Australia and monthly to Lautoka from Melbourne and Sydney.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines, 432 Kent Street, Sydney (264-8944), Tlx AA 70090; Wiltrans Agency Pty. Ltd., 21st Floor, 60 Market St., Melbourne (614-4788), Tlx 30163 ACTA Pty. Ltd., Brisbane (221-3116); Elders- ANL Pty. Ltd., Port Adelaide, (47-5688); Newcastle, Sofrana Sydney (264-8944); Websters-ANL, 58 Charles St., Launceston, Tasmania (320-555); Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building, Ist Floor, Thomson Street, Suva. Fiji (312-244), Tlx FJ2199.

Australia Samoas Tonga

Warner Pacific Lines operates a regular cargo service from Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne to Nukualofa, Pago Pago, Apia and Vavau. Feeder service available from Apia to Cook, Christmas, Fanning and Washington Islands.

Details from Hetherington Wesfarmers Shipping Agency, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney, (27-1671).

Australia New Caledonia

Fiji Samoas Tonga

Pacific Forum Line operates a fully containerised service (general, reefer and ro-ro) from Sydney to Noumea, Suva, Apia, Pago Pago, Nukualofa, Sydney, Cargo centralised from Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane.

Details from Pacific Forum Line, P.O. Box 796 Auckland, Union Bulkships, 333 George Street, Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, Union Co., Lautoka, Suva, Nukualofa, Pacific Forum line, Suva & Apia, Polynesia Shipping Pago Pago.

AUSTRALIA LORD HOWE IS.

NORFOLK IS.

Compagnie des Chargeurs Caledoniens operates four-weekly cargo service Sydney- Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.

Details Hetherington Wesfarmers Shipping Agency, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

Australia Kiribati

K. Asia Pacific operates a 5/6 weekly service from Melbourne and Sydney to Kiribati (Tarawa).

Details from K. Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd., Goldfields House, 1 Alfred Street, Circular Quay, Sydney (232-2277), Tlx 122143.

KAP New Guinea Lines call Tarawa after PNG ports on a 35 day basis from Melbourne and Sydney/Brisbane.

Details from K. Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd., Goldfields House, 1 Alfred Street, Circular Quay. Sydney (232-2277), Tlx 122143.

Australia Tuvalu

K-Asia Pacific operates Direct service every 2nd voyage to Tulalu (Funafuti) Details from K. Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd., Goldfield House, 1 Alfred Street, Circular Quay Sydney (232-2277) Tlx 122143

Australia New Caledonia

And/Or Vanuatu

Sofrana-Unilines ships serve Noumea every three weeks from the main ports along the east Australian coast.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines, 432 Kent Street, Sydney (264-8944), Wiltrans-Agency Pty. Ltd., 21st Floor, 60 Market St.. Melbourne (614-4788) Tlx 30163. Elders-ANL Pty. Ltd., Port Adelaide (47-5688), Newcastle, Sofrana Sydney; Websters-ANL, 58 Charles St., Launceston, Tasmania (320-555).

Compagnie des Chargeurs Caledoniens operates a three-weekly containerised cargo service from Sydney to Noumea.

Details Hetherington Wesfarmers Shipping Agency, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671).

Compagnie Generale Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane to Noumea, Port Vila and Santo, for containerised and break bulk cargo.

Details Compagnie Generale Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700).

Australia Nauru

Marshall Is. Kiribati

Nauru Pacific Line operates regular cargo service from Melbourne to Nauru, Majuro and Tarawa, Passenger service to Nauru only.

Details: Nauru Pacific Line (Aust). Pty. Ltd.

Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709), Nedlloyd Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522).

Australia New Zealand

The Australian National Line and the New Zealand Line operate a 10-day container service (TRANZTAS) between Sydney and Melbourne to Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Port Chalmers.

The Tranztas service has been extended to cover Burnie and Fremantle on a direct call monthly basis linking to the main New Zealand ports.

Details from ANL Shipping Agencies, 20 Bond Street, Sydney (225-7333) and ANL Shipping Agencies, "World Trade Centre", cnr Flinders and Spencer Streets, Melbourne (611-2323) or New Zealand Line, Pastoral House, 98 Lambton Quay. Wellington (728- 5000).

Australia Nz Fiji Tonga

Vanuatu New Caledonia

Solomons New Guinea

Sitmar Cruises operates a year-round cruise program from Sydney to include the better-known ports in the above countries, plus a number of unspoilt, and largely unknown, island paradises.

Details from Sitmar Cruises, 39 Martin Place, Sydney (239-9000); NSW, reservations and inquiries (008 42-2277); Rest of Australia, reservations and inquiries (008 22-2277).

Australia Nz Fiji Tonga

Vanuatu New Caledonia

Solomons Samoas Tahiti

P&O liners call at Auckland, Bay of Islands, Honiara, Lautoka, Noumea, Nukualofa, Pago Pago, Papeete, Port Moresby, Santo, Savusavu, Suva, Vavau and Vila on cruises from Australia.

Details from P&O Booking Centre. World Travel Headquarters Pty Ltd, 33 Bligh Street, Sydney (237-0333). 63 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

Australia Png

Solomons Vanuatu Nz

Pacific Forum Line operates a containerised and ro-ro from Brisbane to Port Moresby, Lae, Honiara, Port Vila, Lyttelton, Napier and Auckland.

Details from Union Bulkships, Brisbane Steamships Shipping, Port Moresby and Lae; Sullivans Ltd, Honiara, Vila Agents, Port Vila; SCONZ Christchurch, Napier and Auckland.

Australia Micronesia

Nauru Pacific Line operates a regular container service from Melbourne to Ponape, Truk, Guam and Saipan.

Details: N.P.L. (Australia) Pty Ltd. Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653- 5709). Nedlloyd Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522).

Australia New Caledonia

Sofrana Unilines operates a 3-4 weekly service from East Coast mainports to Noumea.

Details from Sofrana Unilines 432 Kent Street, Sydney. (Tel. 264-8944), Tlx AA 70090.

Australia Tuvalu

K. Asia Pacific operates a three monthly service from Sydney and Melbourne to Tuvalu (Funafuti). Subject to inducement.

Details from K. Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, Goldfields House. 1 Alfred Street, Circular Quay, Sydney (232-2277). Tlx 122143.

Warner Pacific Line operates a six week containerised/breakbulk service to Funafuti from Melbourne/Brisbane/ Sydney and Auckland.

Details from Hetherington Wesfarmers Shipping Agency, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671): Mac Kay Shipping Ltd, Downtown House, Queen Street, Auckland (30-229).

Australia Png

KAP New Guinea Lines cargo vessels call at Melbourne, Sydney, Port Moresby, Lae, Madang. Wewak, Manus, Kimbe, Rabaul, Popondetta.

Details from K. Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, Goldfields House, 1 Alfred Street, Circular Quay, Sydney (232-2277), Tlx 122143. Dalgety Shipping, World Trade Centre, Melbourne (616-6700).

Australia Png Solomons

Sofrana Unilines (Aust.) P/L operates a 3-4 weekly cargo service to PNG, ex-main ports on the east coast of Australia.

Details from Sofrana Unilines. 432 Kent Street, Sydney (264-8944), Tlx AA 70090.

Australia Png Solomons

VANUATU A consortium of NGAL/PNGL and CON- PAC/NEL have four vessels operating a joint service from east coast Australian ports to Port Moresby, Lae, Alotau, Madang, Wewak, Rabaul, Kavieng-Kimbe, Kieta, Honiara, Vila, Santo.

Details from Burns Philp & Co. Ltd., P.O.

Box R 124, Royal Exchange, Sydney, 2000 (2-0547); Nedlloyd Swire, 8 Spring Street, Sydney (2-0522); New Guinea Express Lines, 37 Pitt Street, Sydney (241-3991); Vila Agents, PO Box 27, Port-Vila (2456). Tlx NHIOII.

New Guinea Express Lines operates a weekly container service from Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane to Port Moresby, Lae, Alotau, Kimbe, Rabaul, Kieta, Honiara, Kavieng, Madang, Wewak, Santo, Vila.

Details from New Guinea Express Lines, P.O. Box R 73, Royal Exchange, Sydney (241-3991); New Guinea Express Lines, 127 Creek Street, Brisbane (221-9333); New Guinea Express Lines, 327 Collins Street, Melbourne (602-5544); Niugini Express Lines. Port Moresby (21-4572); Lae (42- 1536); Niugini Island Cargo Services Pty.

Ltd., Rabaul (922-467); Bougainville Agencies Pty. Ltd., Kieta (956-089); Robert Laurie (PNG) P/L, Madang (82-2157); Garamut Enterprises P/L, Wewak (86-2106); Burns Philp (PNG) Ltd., Kavieng (94-2133); Alotau Stevedoring & Transport, Alotau (61-1318); Ngatia Wholesalers Pty. Ltd., Kimbe (93- 5102); and Tradco Shipping, Mendana Avenue, Honiara (22588); Vila Agents Ltd., P.O.

Box 971, Vila, Vanuatu (2490); John Lum & Associates, P.O. Box 65, Santo, Vanuatu (329).

Australia Tahiti

Compagnie Generale Maritime operates a monthly service from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane to Papeete, for containerised and break bulk cargo.

Details Compagnie Generale Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700).

Sofrana Unilines (Aust.) P/L operates a 3/4 weekly cargo service to Papeete ex main ports on the east coast of Australia.

Details from Sofrana Unilines, 432 Kent Street. Sydney (264-8944) Tlx AA 70090.

Singapore Hongkong Fiji

Islands Ports

Kyowa Shipping Co. Ltd. operates a monthly containerised and break bulk cargo service from Singapore, Hongkong to Lautoka, Suva and then to island ports.

Details from Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building, Ist Floor, Thomson Street, Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ2199.

Far East Fiji

New Zealand

New Zealand Unit Express (NZUE) now operates a monthly service accepting containerised and break bulk cargo from Manila, Keelung, Kaohsiung and Hongkong to Lautoka, Suva and thence to New Zealand ports.

Details from Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building. Ist Floor, Thomson Street, Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ 2199; Burns Philp, Suva (311-777); New Zealand Unit Express Maratime Building, 2-10 Customhouse Quay, P.O. Box 890, Wellington, Cables: ENZUE- MAN WELLINGTON Telex: NZ31340 NEDLNZ Telephone: 727-865 or Nedlloyd Swire Pty. Ltd., Sydney (20-522).

Nedlloyd operates bi-weekly cargo service with four ships from Surabaya. Jakarta, Bangkok, Port Kelang and Singapore to Suva, Lautoka and NZ ports.

Details from Nedlloyd (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 8 Spring St., Sydney (27-3801), Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd., Suva and Lautoka.

Far East Mid-S. Pacific

China Navigation's New Guinea Pacific Line operates a regular container service from Hongkong, Taiwan, Manila, Port Kelang and Singapore to Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul and Honiara monthly and to Wewak, Madang and Kieta every three months. Cargo from the same Far Eastern ports to the South Pacific ports of Noumea, Santo. Vila, Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Raratonga and Tarawa will be shipped via Japan on the monthly Bali Hai service.

Details from Steamships Shipping, P.O.

Box 634, Port Moresby (22-0289).

Kyowa Shipping Ltd. operates monthly services from Japan to Guam, Saipan, Solomons, New Caledonia, Fiji, Western and American Samoa, Tahiti, Cook Is., Tonga and Vanuatu.

Details: Heterington Wesfarmers Shipping Agency, 37-49 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-1671); Carpenters Shipping, Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ2199.

Guam Northern Marianas

Saipan Shipping Co. Inc. operate a weekly service via barge carrying containers and conventional cargo between Guam and Saipan and Tinian.

Details from Saipan Shipping Co. Inc., P.O.

Box 8, Saipan, CM 96950 (Tel. 9707), Tlx 783619; Guam agents Maritime Agencies of the Pacific Ltd.

Hawaii Tahiti Samoas

Tonga Kiribati Fiji

Solomons Png

Star Shipping Associates operates a monthly service originating in Honolulu and destined for Pago Pago, Papeete, Apia, Nukualofa, Suva, Vila and Port Moresby.

Details from Star Shipping Assoc., P. 0., Box 25988, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825. Ph. (808) 396-4256; Polynesia Shipping Services in Pago Pago and Burns Philp Agency in Apia, Nukualofa, Suva and Port Moresby.

Japan Fiji Island Ports

Kyowa Shipping Co. Ltd. operates a monthly containerised service from main ports of Japan to Suva and Lautoka and thence to island ports.

Details from Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building, Ist Floor, Thomson St., Suva (312-244). Tlx FJ2199.

Bali Hai service operates a monthly containerised service from main ports of Japan to Lautoka and Suva and thence to island ports.

Details from Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building, Ist Floor, Thomson St., Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ2199 and Burns Philp, Suva (311-777).

Japan Micronesia

The NYK Shipping Line operates a monthly cargo service from Japan to Micronesia, calling at Yoko, Nagoya, Kobe, Guam, Saipan, Truk, Ponape and Majuro, returning via Yoko, Nagoya and Kobe.

Details from Burns Philp & Co. Ltd., 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (2-0547).

Saipan Shipping Co. Inc. operates a monthly service from Japan to Saipan, Guam, Truk, Ponape, Majuro (Kosrae and Ebeye on inducement).

Details from Saipan Shipping Co. Inc., P.O.

Box 8, Saipan, CM 96950 (Tel. 9707), Tlx 783619, Japan agents Kyowa Shipping Company Ltd.; Guam Agents Maritime Agencies of the Pacific Ltd.

JAPAN PNG Mitsui O.S.K. Lines operates a monthly service from main ports Japan and Japan, Wewak, Lae, Rabaul, Kieta, Port Moresby.

Details from Robert Laurie Carpenters Pty.

Ltd., P.O. Box 1032, Lae/PNG (Tel. 42-3642, 42-3811.)

New Caledonia Fiji West

Coast North America

PAD Line operates an approx. 3-weekly ro-ro service from Noumea and Suva to Honolulu and West Coast USA and Canadian ports.

Details from Sofrana-Unilines SA, BP 1602, Noumea (27-51-91), Tlx NMO4B; Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building, Ist Floor, Thomson St.. Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ2199.

Png Inter Mainport

Papua New Guinea Line offers scheduled 10-20 day coastal liner services linking all PNG major ports with containerisation, reefer, heavy lift and transshipment facilities.

Details from PNG Line, Box 543, Port Moresby, PNG (21-1174), Tlx 22269.

Png Uk/Continent

The Bank Line & Columbus Line operate a regular joint service from Port Moresby, Oro Bay, Kieta, Rabaul, Kimbe, Madang and Lae to Hull, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Le Havre.

Details from The Bank Line (A'asia) Pty.

Ltd., 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2041); Tlx AA24063; Columbus Line, Lae (423466), Tlx NE 44171; or lines' local agents.

Solomons Uk/Continent

The Bank Line & Columbus Line operate a regular joint cargo service from Honiara to Hull, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Le Havre.

Details from the Bank Line (A'asia) Pty. Ltd. 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2041), Tlx AA24063; Columbus Line. Lae (423466), Tlx NE 44171; Tradco Shipping Lid.. Honiara (22588) Tlx 66313.

New Zealand Australia

Papua New Guinea Solomon

Islands Vanuatu

Pacific Forum Line operates a containerised and ro-ro service from Lyttelton, Napier and Auckland to Brisbane, Port Moresby, Lae. Honiara and Port Vila.

Details from SCONZ Christchurch, Napier and Auckland; Union Bulkships, Brisbane; Steamships Shipping, Port Moresby and Lae; Sullivans Ltd., Honiara; Vila Agents, Port Vila.

Nz Cook Is. Niue Tahiti

New Zealand Line operates cargo services based on pallets and similar units from Auckland to Niue, Cook Islands and Tahiti.

Details from the NZ Shipping Agencies International Ltd., P.O. Box 3420, Auckland (797210); Waterfront Commission, P.O. Box 61, Rarotonga; Cook Islands; Shipping Office, Govt, of Niue, P.O. Box 107, Niue Island; Compagnie Maritime Polynesienne, P.O. Box 36, Papeete, Tahiti.

NZ FIJI Reef operates a regular 18-day service from Auckland to Suva and Lautoka. Also passenger accommodation.

Details from Reef Shipping Agencies, PO Box 3382, Auckland, NZ (77-1221-3), Tlx 60633; MV Fijian Shipping Agencies Ltd.

Private Bag, Suva, Fiji (31-1056).

Pacific Line with one ship operates two weekly ro-ro cargo service New Zealand, Lautoka, Suva. No passengers.

Details: Sofrana Unilines, 18 Customs Street. Auckland (773-279) PO Box 3614, Tlx NZ2313. Carpenters Shipping, 100 Thomson Street, Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ2199.

Nz Fiji North America (Wc)

Blue Star Line Ltd. Pacific Coast container services. Only direct service to and from New Zealand. Blue Star vessels call at Suva and Honolulu on NZ-U.S,-West Coast voyages.

Details from Blueport ACT (NZ) Ltd., PO Box 192, Wellington (739-029). Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd., GPO Box 355, Suva, Fiji (311-777), Tlx FJ2168 Burship.

Nz Fiji Samoas Tonga

Pacific Forum Line operates a containerised and ro-ro 21 day service from Auckland to Lautoka, Suva, Apia, Pago Pago and Nukualofa.

Details from Pacific Forum Line, Auckland and Apia, Union Maritime, Lautoka, Suva and Nukualofa; Polynesian Shipping, Pago Pago, Apia. 64 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

YOU’LL FIND IT.

Where The Sky Meets

THE SEA.

New Caledonia

Solomon Island

Kiri B Ati

VANUATU W. S A M O A .SA M O A TAHITI tonga

Jointly Operated By

The China Navigation Co., Ltd.

MltsuiQ&K LinesXtd.

Nippon Yusen Kaisha

JuL^j^XIL^LA^XLuLiX^J^S

Local Agents And

REPRESENTATION 117 York St., Sydney.

Cables; Henco Sydney.

G.P.O. Box 3949.

Telephone: 261 1955.

For specialised and personalised buying service throughout the Pacific Islands and the East.

Papua New Guinea

RABAUL. M. & C. Seeto, P.O. Box 131, Rabaul.

Telephone 92 2919.

FIJI K. Witherington Ltd., P.O. Box 293, Suva.

Telephone 22 356.

VANUATU John Lum & Associates, P.O. Box 65, Santo.

Telephone 329.

Solomon Islands

Mr. Ken Szetu, P.O. Box 45, Honiara.

Telephone 22 637.

Resident Agents in other Pacific Territories

Nz N. Caledonia Vanuatu

Png Solomons

Sofrana Unilines with three ships operate to Vila and Santo, to Honiara and Papua New Guinea and to Norfolk Island and Noumea (No passengers).

Details from Sofrana Unilines, 18 Customs Street, Auckland (773-279), PO Box 3614, Tlx NZ2313.

NZ TAHITI Compagne Tahotienne Maritime SA (as CTM-Tahiti Line) operates one ship, MV Bounty 111. monthly Papeete New Zealand. (No passengers).

Details from Sofrana Unilines, PO Box 3614, 18 Customs St., Auckland, Tlx NZ2313.

CTM-Tahiti Line, PO Box 9012, Papeete (39042), Tlx Tahitlin 322 FP Tahiti.

Nz Tonga Samoas

Warner Pacific Line services Auckland, Nukualofa, Vavau, Apia, Pago Pago fortnightly carrying general and freezer cargoes.

Details from McKay Shipping Ltd., Downtown House, 21 Queen St., Auckland, PO Box 1372 (30-299). Cables MACSHIP, Telex NZ2554, Warner Pacific Line, Box 93, Nukualofa, Tonga; Mealelei (Western Samoa) Ltd. Private Bag, Apia, Western Samoa, Pacific Maritime Services, PO Box 2617, Pago Pago, American Samoa (633- 2728), cables: Pacmar SX2OS.

Tahiti New Caledonia

VANUATU - SOLOMON IS.

New Zealand Png

Singapore Europe

Polish Ocean Lines operate in a semicontainer type vessel to the following ports, from Papeete, Noumea, Santo, Vila, Vandina, Honiara, Auckland, Rabaul, Lae, Singapore, Port Klelang, Penang then to Mediterranean ports and Europe via the Suez Canal. (Other New Zealand ports subject to inducement).

Details from Universal Shipping Agencies Ltd., 6th Floor, 38 Fort Street, Auckland 1, New Zealand (390931, 390727, 32104), Tlx 21517.

Europe Tahiti

New Caledonia

Compagne Generale Maritime operates services from Europe and Mediterranean ports to Papeete and Noumea using three ro-ro and multi-purpose vessels thus ensuring a bi-monthly sailing to and from.

Details Compagne Generale Maritime, 12 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (231-3700).

Europe Tahiti

New Calendonia New Zealand

Vanuatu Solomons

Png Europe

Polish Ocean Lines offers regular monthly sailings for containerised and break bulk cargo, also conventional reefer space and reefer containers from Hamburg, Rotterdam, Dunkirk, Rouen to Papeete, Noumea, Auckland, Santo, Honiara, Rabaul, Lae, Singapore, returning to Europe via Suez, other ports in South Pacific can be served directly with inducement or otherwise via transhipment.

Details from Sotama, BP 9170, Papeete, Tel. 427805 Tlx 373FP. Telex Sotama 373FP/SATO: BP C 2 Noumea Cedex Tel. 272094 Tlx 163NM/Universal Shipping Agencies PO Box 2282 Auckland Tel. 30930 Tlx 21517/Vanua Navigation PO Box 44 Vila Tel. 2027 Tlx 1033/Melan Chine Shipping Co. PO Box 71 Honiara Tel. 21678 Tix 66335/Steamships Shipping & Transport PO Box 1512 Rabaul Tel 922952 Tlx 92929/Steamships Trading Co.

Ltd. PO Box 85 Lae Tel. 424666 Tlx 42423/Union Steamship Co. of NZ Ltd. PO Box 50 Apia Tel. 21781 Tlx 225/Warner Pacific Line PO Box 93 Nukualofa Tel. 22088 Tlx 66219/Fiji Agents TBA. 65 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

All The News

In A Flash

The South Sea Digest tells you what you want to know about the Pacific Islands in a few words. All the leading firms and diplomatic missions read it. You can ’phone or write or call for a follow up.

See insert for subscription details:

The South Sea Digest

AWA

The Total Test Equipment Solution

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Samoa Fiji N. Caledonia

Nedlloyd offers regular cargo services from Continental ports to Papeete, Apia, Fiji and New Caledonia.

Details Nedlloyd (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 8 Spring Street, Sydney (27-3801); Carpenters Shipping, Ist Floor, Harbour Centre Bldg., 100 Thomson St„ Suva (312-244), Tlx 2199FJ and Vetari Street, Lautoka (63988), Tlx 5215FJ.

Uk N. Continent W. Samoa

Tonga Fiji

The Bank Line & Columbus Line operate a regular joint cargo service from Hull, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp, Rotterdam and Le Havre to Apia, Nukualofa, Suva and Lautoka.

Details from The Bank Line (A’asia) Pty.

Ltd., 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2041), Tlx AA 24063, Columbus Line, Lae (423-466), Tlx NE 44171, or lines local agent.

Uk N. Continent Png

SOLOMONS The Bank Line & Columbus Line operate a regular joint cargo service from Hull, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp, Rotterdam and Le Havre to Port Moresby, Lae. Madang. Kimbe, Rabaul, Kieta and Honiara and on inducement to Vandina.

Details from The Bank Line (A’asia) Pty.

Ltd., 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2041), Tlx AA 24063. Columbus Line, Lae (42-3466). Tlx NE 44171; or lines local agents.

Uk/N. Continent Tahiti

N. Caledonia Vanuatu

The Bank Line & Columbus line operate a regular joint cargo service from Hull, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp, Rotterdam and Le Havre to Papeete, Noumea, Port-Vila and Santo.

Details from The Bank Line (A’sia) Pty. Ltd., 51 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-2041), Tlx AA 24063, Columbus Line, Lae (42-3466), Tlx NE 44171; Ets. A.M. Fare UTE. Papeete: Ets, Ballande, Noumea and other local agents.

U.S. Hawaii Micronesia

East Malaysia Brunei

Papua New Guinea

PM&O Lines operates two fully self-sustained container vessels on a sailing frequency of every 30 days between the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, Honolulu and Majuro, Ebeye, Kosrae, Ponape, Truk, Saipan, Yap, Palau, Kota Kinabalu, Brunei, Lae, Kieta and Rabaul.

Details from PM&O Lines, 353 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, California 94111, U.S.A. (415) 421-5400, TLX 278016 PMO UR; Owner's Representative P.O. Box 803, Saipan, N.M.I. 96950, PH; 234-6819 TLX 783-605 CMCAA.

U.S. Hawaii Samoas

Kiribati Nauru

Nauru Pacific Line operates regular conventional and container services from San Francisco and Honolulu to Christmas Island, Pago Pago, Apia. Tarawa and Nauru.

Details from N.P.L. (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Nauru House, 80 Collins Street, Melbourne (653-5709), Nauru Air and Shipping Agency, Suite 2803, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107 (415-543-4517). Nauru Air and Shipping Agency, Suite 506, 841 Bishop St,, Honolulu, HI 96813 (808-523-0441).

U.S. Noumea Fiji

PAD Line operates an approx. 3-weekly ro ro service from west coast USA and Canada to Noumea, Suva and Lautoka.

Details from Sofrana Unilines BP 1602, Noumea (27-51-91). Tlx NMO4B, Carpenters Shipping, Harbour Centre Building, Ist Floor, 100 Thomson Street, Suva (312-244), Tlx FJ2199, Trans-Austral Shipping Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box R 232, Royal Exchange, 2000 (231-8411), Tlx AA21204.

Australia To Fiji

PACE Line (ACTA Shipping) operates a fully containerised service, every 17 days to Suva and Lautoka from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.

The three vessels, ACT 9, ACT 10, ACT 11, continue on to Honolulu and then to the North American west coast ports of Tacoma, Vancouver, Oakland and Los Angeles.

Details: Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd., Rodwell Road, Suva. Tel. (31 1777). Telex: FJ 2168, FAX 311 804. Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd., Lautoka. Tel. (60 777). ACTA Pty. Ltd., 447 Kent Street, Sydney. Tel. (266 0633), Telex: AA 121 369, FAX: 267 1148. ACTA Pty. Ltd., Melbourne. Tel. (611 2000). ACTA Pty. Ltd., Brisbane. Tel. (221 3116).

For further information please contact Andrea Wilkinson, ACTA Shipping, Sydney. 266 0633.

Polish Ocean Lines

General Management, 10 Lutego 24,81-364 GDYNIA, POLAND, Phone: 20-19-01, Cables: POLOCEAN Telex: 054-231 © £ m n s> •rk 5$ CT & & Sfe I.W

South Pacific Service

ANTWFBp mO nI^fSC /iC |A?,cK, d HAMBURG, ROTTERDAM, MIDDLESBOROUGH/IMMINGHAM, B»jr4lnQC C I UNK RK| ~R OUEN ’ PAPEETE < via PANAMA), NOUMEA, AUCKLAND, HONIARA, RABAUL, LAE, oiiNoArUßc, by our multipurpose vessels carrying dry and reefer containers, reefer chambers, heavy lifts, breakbulk or palletized, bulk liquids.

Awn u ao POLISH OCEAN LINES Representatives AUCKLAND Mr. A. Sieradzki. Telex 21517 NZ “UNISHIP”. SYDNEY Mr. Walenciak. Telex 20428 AA “SLEIGH” p wtmccm 296 FP “COUTIMEX”. NEW CALEDONIA SATO Telex? 63 NM “SATO”. AUCKLAND UNIVERSAL SHIPPING AGENCIES LTD., Telex 21517 NZ^UNISHIP^SOLOMONS MELAN CHINE SHIPPING CO., LTD Telex 66335 HO “SYMECO" PNG

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Service Page

ADVERTISING ACTA 62 Aggie Grey’s 68 Air Pacific 42 Aiwa 33 Akai 28 Amatil 25 AW A 66 Bali Hai Service 65 Bank Line 69 Chicago Pty Ltd 68 Citizen Watches 17 Clarion Shoji 20 Clark Al. Boats 61 Clarkes 15 Collins Olympic 53 Columbus Line 69 Dame Rachel Clelland 49 Hawaii Telephone 11 Henry Cumines 65 Honda Motor 2 ICINZ Ltd 56 Journal Pac. History 55 Kenwood 48 Lawyers 27 Mazda Motor 50-51 Metro Drill & Blast 38 Mitsubishi Motor 72 Nissan Motor 22-23 NEC Corp 7 Pioneer Electronic 45 Michael Pohl 68 Polish Ocean Lines 67 Polynesia Line 63 Samoan Trop. Products 40 Sony Corp 4 SPEC 58 Tenders 24 Toyota Motor 36-37 Toyota Motor * 70-71 Video 38 PACIFIC SLANDS IMONT H L Y | AUSTRALIA: Distribution: The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd., 44-74 Flinders St., Melbourne, Vic., 3000. Advertising Reps Brisbane D. Wood, Anday Agency, CCA Centre, Dayboro Road, Closebum 4520; Box 1918, GPO Brisbane, 4001; telephone (07) 289-4128. Adelaide Hastwell Williamson Rouse Ry. Ltd., PO Box 419, Norwood, SA, 5067; 59 Kensington Road, Norwood; telephone (08) 332-3322, telex 87113; Perth Allen & Associates, 7 Fore St., Perth, W.A., 6000, telephone (09) 328-9833, telex; AA94382.

FIJI: Distribution and subscriptions. Desai Bookshops, P.O. Box 160, Suva, Fiji telephone Suva 23036.

Advertising Fiji Times & Herald Ltd., 20 Gordon St., Suva, telephone 31-4111, telex FJ2124.

FRENCH POLYNESIA: Distribution Hachette Pacifique 10 Ave., Bruat, Papeete, telephone 25-610.

HAWAII; UNITED STATES: Distribution PIM, Hawaii, P.O. Box 22250, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822. Advertising Brian C. Asgill, Apt. 1308,1676 Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu.

Hawaii, 96815, telephone (808) 955-9718.

JAPAN: Advertising and subscriptions Universal Media Corporation, GPO Box 46, Tokyo, telephone 666-3036, cable UNIMEDIA Tokyo, telex 2524665.

MALAYSIA: Advertising and subscriptions Worldwide Media Services, 57-B Komplex Damai, Jin Dato Haji Eusoff, Kuala Lumpur, telephone 63-9340, cables WORLDMEDIA Kuala Lumpur, telex 31533.

VANUATU: Distribution The Bookshop, HQ Box 210, Port Vila. Advertising Norman Bros. Bookshop, Port Vila, telephone 2232.

NEW CALEDONIA: Distribution Depot Centre de Presse Michel Pentecost. CBP2, Noumea, telephone 27-2434, 27-4729.

NEW ZEALAND: Distribution Gordon & Gotch, PO Box 584, 2 Carr Road. Mt. Roskill, Auckland 4. Advertising McKay International Media Reps. Ltd., do Albany P. 0., Auckland 10, New Zealand, telephone 413-9119, Telex NZ22701, FAX 413-9110.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Distribution Gordon & Gotch, PO Box 3395, Port Moresby, telephone 25-4551,25-4855.

Advertising Ken Head, PNG Post-Courier, PO Box 85, Port Moresby, telephone 21-2577, telex 22120.

SOLOMON ISLANDS: Distribution and Advertising The Bookshop, (Norman Bros.) PO Box 503, Honiara.

PHILIPPINES: Advertising The GF Group, 12 San Ignacio St., Uroaneta Village, Makati, Metro Manila, telephone 817-7299. telex 45950 and 4233.

UNITED KINGDOM: The Herald & Weekly Times Ltd., No 1 Maltravers Street, London WC2R 3DZ, England, telephone (01) 836-5162, telex London 21989.

UNITED STATES MAINLAND: Advertising Joshua B.

Powers Jr., Powers International Inc., Suite 708, 271 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016, telephone 867-9580, Subscriptions PIM, Hawaii, PO Box 22250, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, SUBSCRIPTIONS American Samoa Australia —...

Canada Cook Islands Fiji French Polynesia....

Guam..... ...

Hawaii.... ........

Japan Kiribati Micronesia .....

Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Niue .......

Norfolk Island Northern Marianas..

Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvala United Kingdom......

U.S. Mainland Vanuatu Western Samoa.....

Elsewhere ...... .. US$24 AUSS24 ... US$3O ...NZ$36 , AUSS26 ... US$3O ...US$3O ... US$3O ... US$3O . AUSS24 ... US$3O . AUSS24 ... US$3O ....NZ$36 ....NZ$3O . AUSS24 ... US$3O . AUSS3S . AUSS24 . AUSS24 .AUSS24 Stgl 5 ...US$3O . AUSS24 ~ AUSS24 ~ AUSS36 Payments by personal cheque are only acceptable in Australian (from a branch in Australia). U.S. and New Zealand currency. For all other remittances please send an international bank draft in Australian dollars.

Published monthly by Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty.

Ltd. and printed in Australia by Quadricolor Industries Pty.

Ltd., Mulgrave, Vic.

WANTED TO BUY IN LARGE QUANTITIES Frozen coconut crabs, Fruit bats (Flying fox), Lobster tails, Giant clam mussels.

Please send enquiries with complete address, phone number and telex contact to: Michael Pohl Enterprises Box 20219 Guam Main Facility Guam 96921 Telephone: (671) 646-8614 (671) 472-8224 Telex: (721) 6680 POHLFISH

Now Available!

Pacific Islands Year Book

Due to demand the 15th edition has been reprinted and is available from P.I.M. at As3s plus p.p.

Stay at Aggie Grey’s . . . the South Pacific’s legendary hotel.

Situated right in the heart of Western Samoa. Enjoy Polynesian style friendliness and service, in cool surroundings. superb entertainment and fcxid.

Magnificent white sand beac hes only a short drive away. Airconditioned rooms, swimming |kk)l andJull hat facilities.

Bcxikings through I'nion Steamship Company of NZ. Pan Am. Air New Zealand or direc t to Aggie Grey's. Apia. Western Samoa. Cables: ‘AGGIES' A|)ia.

ALL THE NEWS IN A FLASH The South Sea Digest tells you what you want to know about the Pacific Islands in a few words. All the leading firms and diplomatic missions read it. You can phone or write or call for a follow up.

See insert for subscription details:

The South Sea Digest

FOR SALE

Knauer Paver

PLANT Fully Automatic, Stationary, Multilayer Paver Plant, in good condition.

Includes Knauer 400-3, Mixer, Auto, batching, Molds, Pallets, etc.

Can be inspected in operation.

P.O.A.

Chicago Company

P/L P.O. Box 2261, Nth. Parramatta, NSW, Australia.

PH.: (02) 630-7333 TWX; AA 75420 CHICO FAX (02) 630-7522. 68 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—DECEMBER, 1986

BANK LINE and

Columbus Line

24 day service to Europe.

Need we say more....

D G The Joint Service Partners offer facilities for shipment of: Containers (FCL/LCL) and Break-bulk Cargo plus reefer space and deeptanks for carriage of vegetable oils and other liquid bulk cargo.

Carriers also accept heavy lifts, overlength and cumbersome parcels.

Ports of Service: Loading: Papeete, Apia, Suva, Lautoka, Noumea, Port Vila, Santo, Honiara, Port Moresby, Lae, Madang, Kimbe, Rabaul, Kieta, Darwin. For: Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg, Hull, Dunkirk, Le Havre.

Additional ports on enquiry.

Please contact our regional offices for further information: The Bank Line (Australasia) Pty Ltd Columbus Line Reederei GmbH Suite 801, 51 Pitt St, P.O. Box 1667, Lae/Papua New Guinea.

Sydney, NSW, Australia 2000 Phone: 423466/423287/A.H. 422481 Phone 27 2041 Telex 24063 Telex; Colline NE 44171 The South Pacific Specialists for over 75 years

0.3 s™ 805 db(A) [O2-SFD2S] Full-Floating Power Train Steering Wheel Vibration Virtually non-existent, elevating comfort to a new all-time high.

Indicates maximum vibration level of the wheel Equivalent Noise Level at Driver’s Ear Drastically reduced by sound-absorbing materials and comprehensive engine design. * Measured and calculated according to ISO.

The forklift designed for greater comfort, less vibration.

Toyota Introduces SR m @ V Toyota, the leader in innovation, creates a revolution in the forklift industry.

The revolutionary new 1-3 ton engine powered series forklifts; maximum-performance vehicles designed for maximum-operator comfort.

A full-floating power train practically eliminates vibration. Advanced engineering “floats” the entire engine on a cushion of rubber, with no direct attachment to the frame. Surrounding main engine parts also vibrate freely, drastically reducing structural vibration. Rubber sealing on engine hood and floorboard, and sound-absorbing materials, all add up to the many innovations that raise Toyota’s new series’ comfort level far above other forklifts.

Also exclusive to the 1-3 ton series is the 3-litre 1Z direct injection diesel engine. Delivering greater horsepower and less fuel consumption.

Increased performance, increased comfort.

But don’t just take our word. Take a test drive and feel.

Toyota’s new 1-3 ton series forklifts are in a class by themselves.

Comfort-class.

60 P S /2,400rpm JIS PS 102-SFD2S] (57 HP/2,400 rpm SAE NET) Engine Horsepower The new 1Z diesel engine delivers more power, more efficiency. 58CP ec (114 f/min.) Lifting Speed Now the job gets done faster than ever. 2,000 k 8 [O2-SFD2S] (4,400 lbs) Max. Drawbar Pull Scales inclines hauling a full load, easily. 19.5 km/ h (12.1 mile/h) Max. Travel Speed Work cycles are dramatically increased for greater efficiency.

A decision you can be comfortable with.

TOYOTA Maintenance Integrated monitoring centre, easy access to parts.

Inspection and servicing amazingly easy.

Durability Overheating “fail-safe” system, rigorously tested; built rugged.

Service Network Extensive. After sales support in almost every country in the world.

Reliability Design priority no. 1 ensuring operator safety through Toyota reliability.

Wide Variation Even greater productivity and comfort available with a wide selection of models.

TOYOTA AMERICAN SAMOA: BURNS PHILP (S.S.) CO., LTD. TEL: 633-4281 AUSTRALIA: THIESS TOYOTA PTY, LTD. TEL: 526-0333 FIJI: AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIES CO., A DIVISION OF BURNS PHILP (S.S.) CO., LTD.

TEL: 383444 GUAM: ATKINS, KROLL, INC. TEL: 646-1876 NEW CALEDONIA: SERVICE IMPORTATION AUTOMOBILE DU PACIFIQUE TEL: 27-41-44 NEW ZEALAND: ANDREWS & BEAVEN INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT LTD.

TEL; 2780940 PAPUA NEW GUINEA; EIA MOTORS, BURNS PHILP (P.N.G.), LTD.

AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION TEL: 217036 VANUATU: VANUATU MOTORS, A DIVISION OF BURNS PHILP (VANUATU) LTD.

TEL: VILA 2341 WESTERN SAMOA: BURNS PHILP (S.S.) CO., LTD. TEL: 22611 And distributors around the world. 02-5FD25 W

Wynn’s Safari Rally was run this year from Sept. 20th to the 28th over a 6,600 kilometre course from Sydney to Darwin.

Led by defending champion Andrew Marathon Man’’ Cowan of Team Sonauto- Mitsubishi in his prototype Pajero 4WD, Mitsubishi not only repeated last year’s overall and marathon class victories, but also swept the first five places overall.

Of the 135 vehicles entered, only 61 managed to finish this year’s fast-paced seven-day race across a landscape that ranged from rolling hills to savannah grasslands to a harsh, otherworldly terrain of spinifex, rocks, sand and mud. Many professional rally drivers and their factoryequipped, factory-supported prototypes were forced into early retirement by the daunting course.

In view of such trying conditions, and an overall survival rate of 45%, the presence of seven Mitsubishi 4WD vehicles in the top 10 is impressive proof of Mitsubishi Motors' 4WD performance and reliability.

Impressive, too, is the fact that a Mitsubishi Canter 4WD, acting as a support truck, was the only vehicle of its kind and class to AMERICAN SAMOA: MORRIS SCANLAN SERVICE INC. P.O. Box 367, Pago Pago, Tel. 633-5520/AUSTRALIA; MITSUBISHI MOTORS AUSTRALIA LTD. Box 1851, G.P.O. Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Tel 08-275-7111/FIJI: NIVIS MOTOR & MACHINERY CO., LTD. G.P.O.

Box 150, Suva, Tel. 384425/FRENCH POLYNESIA (TAHITI): ETS-BREDIN FRERES ET FILS P.O. Box 21, Papeete, Tahiti, Tel. 4-202-58/ NEW CALEDONIA: SOCIETE D'IMPORTATION D AUTO DU PACIFIQUE SUD S.A. B.P. 438 Rond Point du Pacifique, Noumea, Tel. 274144/ NEW ZEALAND: TODD MOTORS CORPORATION Todd Park, Heriot Drive, Private Bag, Porirua, Tel. 70-109/NORFOLK ISLAND: BORRYS LTD. PO. Box 169, Norfolk Island, Tel. 2114 NI/PAPUA NEW GUINEA; TOBA PTY. LTD. PO. Box 503, Port Moresby, Tel 21-7874/SOLOMON ISLANDS: R.C. SYMES PTY. LTD. P.O. Box 823, Honiara, Guadalcanal, Tel. 22131/TONGA: SITANI MAPI CO., LTD. PO. Box 83, Maku Olofa, Tel 2 1-044/VANUATU: SOCOMETRAB.P. 06 Route de Lagon, Port-Vila, Tel. 2314/WESTERN SAMOA; A M. MACDONALD HOLDINGS LTD.

PO. Box 576, Apia, Tel. 22022/SAIPAN/PONAPE/MAJURO/KOSRAE/TRUK/YAP/BELAU: MICRONESIAN MOTORS, INC. 997 South Marine Drive, Tamuning, Guam 96911, Tel. 646-6827 complete the entire course. But then each of these vehicles has seven decades of automotive experience behind them and a half century of four-wheel-drive engineering expertise designed into them.

A MITSUBISHI MOTORS