Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. 40, No. 2 ( Feb. 1, 1969)
1969-02-01 · uncorrected OCR from NLA scans

Pacific Islands Monthly Registered at G.P.0., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper.

FEBRUARY, 1969

News Magazine Of The South Pacific

• AUSTRALIA, 40c. • NEW ZEALAND, 45c. • U.S. PACIFIC TERRITORIES, 70c. • FRENCH PACIFIC ISLANDS, 55 FRCS. CFP. • P.N.G., FIJI AND ALL OTHER PACIFIC TERRITORIES, 35c. LOCAL CURRENCY.

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February. 196 9 - Pacific Islands Monthly

Pacific Islands Monthly Vol. 40. No. 2, February, 1969 In This Issue

American Samoa

ea voyage to Pago 55 ootball competition 75

:Ook Islands

litch in jetport plans 29 IJI he weather 5 ’-Da/ ’ 25 lew portfolios 30 ootball trials and tribulations 69 estaurateur arrives 76 lew command for Don Wendt .... 103 rayfishing in Fiji? .... 105 Hung Feng" freed from reef 105 langanese, logging developments .... 123

Rench Polynesia

ew Governor soon 35

Ilbert And Ellice Islands

ouse of Representatives meeting .... 32 ir services doubled from Fiji 32 msion between islands 33 ie causeway controversy 36 ip through the outer atolls 45 arawa's top hotel .... 53 Jucation crisis 57 lerchant scheme "too expensive" .... 101 ew deal for phosphate workers .... 107

Lord Howe Island

What's killing the cows? 34 NAURU First year of independence .... 4, 128 New phosphate head 35 "Eigamoiya" arrives 109

New Caledonia

New swimming champion 28 Car safari 34 Attempt to free "Matipo" 107 Cyclone hits Noumea 157

New Hebrides

Bigger and better Advisory Council .. 35 Litter on beaches 115

Norfolk Island

Frantic Phil the DJ 37

Papua-New Guinea

Games progress 27 Leo Morgan on Bougainville 30 How mixed up can you get? 34 Lessons from a high school 38 Plain speaking from MHA's 40 Japanese honour their dead 85 Danish Royal blood? 93 Hubert Murray biography 97 Wilkinson's Misima yarns 91 Kuwait fishing scheme 110 Carpenter's tea to the US 123 Aid for NG timber 123 New rice price tipped 123 Competition for pyrethrum 124 Copra market report 125 Fish poachers: tougher treatment .... 125 Death of Norman Whiteley 128 Bougainville copper announcement by June? 157

Solomon Islands

Vouza's visit 5 Tourist promotion programme 58 Spirited Legco meeting 64 Rice manager in Sydney 116 Big timber operations 121 Problem for rice exports 124 TONGA Vavau airstrip—a costly mistake 28 Protest against banana bonus 36 Peace Corps dismissals 73 New scheme for "Niuvaki" 105 Cigarette factory opened 123 Still hopeful about oil 125 Fish poachers: tough treatment 125 Death of H. W. A. Riechelmann 129

Us Trust Territory

Ponape's "Tungaru" goes south 103

Western Samoa

Potlatch, teacher crises 28 Sea voyage to Pago 55 More Peace Corpsmen 7] DEPARTMENTS: Up Front with the Editor, 3; Letters, 5; Tropicalities, 36; To the Point with Percy Chatterton, 38; Travel, 41; Magazine Section, 85; Yesterday, 95; Book Reviews, 97; Shipping, 101; Cruising Yachts, 111; islands Press, 115; People, 116; Commerce, 121; Produce Prices, 127; Deaths of Islands People, 128; Shipping, Airways Schedules, 131; Practical Planter, 141; Index to Advertisers, 160.

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February. 1 9 6 9 Pacific Islands Monthly

Pacific Islands

MONTHLY Established 1930: 39th Year of Publication.

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PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS (AUST.) PTY. LTD., 29 ALBERTA ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W.. 2000.

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Pacific Islands Monthly

Editor: Stuart Inder.

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SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Pacific Islands Monthly" is air-freighted to I subscribers and agents in the South Pacific; copies to other areas go by surface mail, ustralia (incl. Lord Howe Is., and Thursday .): 54.50 Aust.; Papua-New Guinea Norfolk ~ Nauru, 8.5.1 G. & E. Group, ibnga and ew Hebrides: $4.00 Aust.; New Zealand: j'rtn I s -' Niue and Western Samoa: t.OO (local currency); Fiji $4.00 (local irrency); American Samoa and U.S. Pacific srritories: $B.OO (local currency); French iC'f'c Territories—New Caledonia, Tahiti, etc : >0 French Pacific francs; United States of nenca: $9.00 U.S.; United Kingdom and elsewhere: £2/15/- Stg. rmail postage to USA, UK and elsewhere is additional. opyright ©, 1969, Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.

Up Front with the Editor I hope Australian Prime Minister Gorton’s frantic rush through Fiji in January, when he spoke to nobody, isn’t indicative of his attitude to the South Seas. I am prepared to give him benefit of the doubt and say that he was tired after attending the Commonwealth Prime Minister’s Conference and had decided that this was neither the time nor the place to get involved with affairs of state. Nevertheless, he could have displayed more enthusiasm than he did.

I hope soon we get some statement A° m , either „ Mr - Gorton, or the Australian Minister for External Affairs, Mr. Paul Hasluck, on what Australia s policy is to be in the South Seas after Britain’s planned withdrawal from east of Suez. w . . , r, • • , Prffish re- Who Sl in f ln Jn e , S i? Uth S T- ! hen? m ih/uMh P fi ke a t ea hr.nl/ Pacific when Britain nn/ernmll,} andS terntorles to self ‘ g .

Austraha underplays the importance of the South Pacific Islands and the effect that her policy there can have on her own future. Yet those territories are now developing very quickly, politically and economicall y- Which direction?

In Fiji I think 1969 may be a year of political progress—but whether it will go exactly in the direction that Australia hopes for is another matter.

There has been constant, if often unf r LT?ht, le Amiri C .iln Rii ° f trols Llil nl u c ° n ' ment of a noHtt a l f w P ' Siians and P ul bet Ween to be hannenina ' VnS Britain’s withdrawal * Mist ipolitical dependence oi* the . T . .

As * . sai d m this column last month, the Chief Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, seems to have got to the point in his own progress where he suspects that too many huropean cooks in the Alliance are more handicap than help. And that knighthood he has just got is hardly likely to change his attitude. Mr.

John Falvey’s resignation is a straw in the wind.

There appears to be an opinion abroad (you will note it in the Sydney Morning Herald editorial referred to on p. 31) that Britain is very shortly to pull out politically from Fiji and let the colony go it alone. I don’t know where that started and I can find nothing to support it, apart from some vague talk in Canberra, although I have asked questions from here to London. I don’t think London has any plan to pull out from Fiji at a certain date come-what-may. Nevertheless, the Alliance Government and the Opposition will certainly develop a united front in at least insisting that Fiji’s friends stand up and be counted. And how much of a friend is Australia? This is a question whose answer will also interest some of Fiji’s neighbouring South Pacific territories.

For instance in London at the same time as Mr. Gorton was King Taufa’ahau, of Tonga, who has asked Australia and New Zealand to sponsor the kingdom in an application to join the Commonwealth following full independence, which she hopes to achieve soon. There have been many close ties between Australia and Tonga over the years, but whether these can continue strong when the kingdom is finally faced with having to solve all her own problems, will depend more on how Australia behaves than how Tonsra behaves. Not the least of Tonga’s problems is finding jobs for a quickly 3 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

OUR COVER The Third South Pacific Games, to be held in Port Moresby in August, is expected to attract thousands of overseas visitors —especially as the spectacular Mount Hagen Show is to be held the same month. This is the kind of mountain village visitors will find fascinating. It's Watabung, near Kainantu. growing population—and that is a problem that a number of territories share.

Undoubtedly there will be pressures on Australia’s immigration policy, and this is one aspect that Australia has to think out carefully.

My own view, which I don’t apologise for holding, is that there should be an immigration quota for South Pacific peoples who want to enter Australia permanently, and an opportunity for those who want work permits.

For instance, at this time last year I had a long discussion on problems in the Gilbert and Ellice Islanlds Colony, with the GEIC’s Chief Elected Member in the House of Representatives, Reuben Uatioa, MBE, and the Rev. losia Taomia, the Ellice elected member on the Government Council.

GEIC's position The GEIC is another territory where job opportunities are not keeping pace with the increasing population (at present 50,000). And things will be worse when Ocean Island phosphate is worked out.

There is some hope for tourism, and a real effort is being made to develop a number of small undertakings in the hope that they will add up to something economically worthwhile.

But the two men felt that the only hope for those tiny islands was for them to export their manpower—a view that appears to be shared by the Resident Commissioner.

Reuben Uatioa pointed out that the GEIC people were competent phosphate workers, and mechanics, particularly experienced in handling machinery. TTiey proposed that GEIC islanders be invited to migrate to Australia under a quota system, or be allowed in for a term under contract, to work in the developing mining industries of Queensland and Western Australia. They pointed out that Queensland was likely to develop a phosphate industry in the next few years and that here was a great opportunity for them.

Reuben said, according to the notes I took at the time, “Australia should pay far more attention to the problems of the South Pacific. Many South Pacific territories are fellow members of the Commonwealth, yet Australia pays more attention to South-East Asia, and allows Asians into Australia but not Islanders”.

There was, of course, no particular encouragement I could give to these two Gilbert and Ellice Islands leaders.

There was, unfortunately, nothing new in the principles they were putting forward.

In several South Pacific Islands territories Islands leaders have asked me, “When will Australia let our people in to work? Australia helps to make her money by selling goods in the Islands, and don’t we all live together in this area?”

Their constant questions will give way to resentment. In fact, over the last few years of constant travel in the South Pacific, I find that this is happening. The Islanders are conscious of the differences between Australia’s immiigratiiOn policy towards them and of the New Zealand policy.

I don’t advocate the opening of those proverbial flood gates, so that everybody can come in. Australians have rights, too. But Australia, I believe, needs to review its immigration policy as it affects South Pacific Islanders.

PAPUA-NEW GUINEA, on February 1, launched its public appeal for cash to bridge the gap between what’s in kitty and what is needed to stage the Third South Pacific Games, to be held in Port Moresby in August. As I said last month, there is still a fair whack to be found and some people are a bit apprehensive.

But Sir Donald Cleland, chairman of the territory appeal, drops me a note to say “we are not just sitting on our tails”. He supplies the figures: Cash or kind received or promised as at December 31, 1968: $368,716 (which includes the Administration grant of $150,000).

Anticipated revenue from all sources, other than from the public appeal, from January 1, 1969, to the start of the Games: $55,400.

Anticipated revenue from the Games themselves (gate takings, programmes, etc.): $98,000.

Anticipated revenue from the territory appeal just launched: $lOO,OOO.

Budgeted cost of staging the Games: $825,000.

One hopes that the anticipated revenues are realistic, because as you can see, there is still a shortfall of something like $202,000 of the total amount needed. It’s as well they aren’t sitting on their tails. The public appeal is to individual citizens, and at least 34,000 of them will get letters asking for donations.

New Guinea’s South Pacific Games Association showed commendable sporting instinct in deciding to take on the Games at such cost and with such meagre government financial support, and obviously it’s not going to be easy making that final sprint.

CONFIRMATION of Bill Adams as boss of the Nauru Phosphate Corporation set up to take over the assets of the BPC and control the new republic’s economic lifeblood, means that Nauru has achieved her major aims in her first year of independence.

In that first 12 months, Nauru has become a member of the Commonwealth (in a special new “associate” category), has applied for and been promised membership of the South Pacific Commission, has set up a Presidency and established an entirely new administrative structure, paid for most of the BPC assets, launched a radio station and her first ship and negotiated her first big local development using overseas capital—the football pools scheme. Not a bad effort for a first year.

The negotiations between the NPC and the BPC to be held in March to discuss a new phosphate price for 1970 should be worth watching.

The current price is $ll a ton, f.o.b. but during Nauru’s first year of independence she sold 300,000 tons to the Japanese at $l4. All the noises from Nauru indicate that Australia will have to take Nauruan phosphate at an increased price, for there seems no way Australia can avoid facing the hard facts of supply and demand.

An increase in the Nauruan phosphate price will leave the way open for the Ocean Island price to be upped, and both the GEIC Government and the unhappy Rabi Islanders have their beady eyes on those negotiations.

Like I said, Australia underplays the effect that her policy in the South Pacific can have on her own future —yet here is an example of how policy, originating within the South Pacific Islands can affect Australia.

Stuart Inder 4 FEBRUARY, 1969-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Letters

Fiji'S Weather

Sir, —I dislike anyone to sav nasty things about California or the US (unless it’s me) and now I find I would like to defend Fiji and its weather against people like C. H. K.

Bushwell, of California. ( PIM, Nov., P- H 5.) I don’t know where in California he is from, but if its from the north —around San Francisco—it’s terrible there —cold and wet most of the time. If he is from the southern part it’s dry. In the south we very seldom get more than 10 in. of rain a year which is way below normal and since New Year it has been very hot —up in the 80’s. And, of course, there is the ever-present smog in some areas.

But if its hot, cold, wet, dry, smoggy or foggy someone always complains. It’s really stupid because vhat can anyone do about the weather? We aren’t bothered vith the smog here in Palos Verdes Estates but it can be clear elsewhere md the fog here can be like pea :oup. Anyone who complains is isually from another State and if we icar them we suggest they return.

So keep Bushwell out of Fiji. I lave been there many times, mostly n October, and I found it to be deightful. The only place where I ound it rained a lot was in the lolomons, but if you aren’t made of ugar, and I’m sure Mr. Bushwell sn’t, it wouldn’t hurt to go out in t.

The Solomons brings up another übject. Early last year there was n article in PIM about the proposed rip of Sgt.-Major Vouza, sponsored y the Ist Marine Division Associaion, to attend their convention in tnahiem, California, and in the east f the US.

I was in the crowd to met him at le Anahiem Heliport, and I met im again at two different functions, had met him at his village when was in the Solomons in 1963.

I heard that he had a big “welcome ome” after being in the States but haven’t read anything about it in IM. I think your readers would be iterested in his visit here and what appened on his return.

During the war, Sgt.-Major Vouza let Mr. Lowell Bulger, now of iglewood (California), and they let again at the Anahiem convenor Mr. Bulger put in a plea over >me TV stations for clothing and 5 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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The books are being packed and sorted and now Mr. Bulger is waiting for a ship to haul the books and clothing.

MRS. GERTRUDE BAKER, Palos Verdes Estates, California, US.

Harry Murray

Sir, —By this time I am sure you are aware that Harry Murray, of Innisfail, and formerly of Kavieng, New Ireland, has passed away. While I did not know Harry Murray personally, 1 did get to know him through written correspondence with his wife, Mary, also through reading of Harry’s exploits in her excellent books, Escape and Hunted.

If ever a man exemplified the indomitable spirit and determination of the Australian in the face of adversity and danger, Harry Murray was that man. His struggle to safety from the Japanese at Kavieng in the early days of the war is a saga of true grit, a memorable slice of life. He and a few others had the determination to keep moving ahead against almost insurmountable odds. At that, there were others who chose to remain behind and later paid the supreme penalty.

Many years after the war, while researching a story of a particularly heavy bombing raid on Kavieng, by the sth Air Force, I discovered Harry Murray’s story. I wrote to Mary Murray telling her how much I had enjoyed the story of his escape, and both kindly replied to my letter.

That Harry Murray got out of Kavieng as the Japanese landed and made it to safety could only have occurred because of his bulldog spirit.

My regret is that I will never know him. I think I would have liked him very much.

CARROLL R. ANDERSON, Ex-fighter pilot, 475th Fighter Group, sth Air Force, Tracy, California.

Sir, —When the December issue of PIM reached me, the first thing I looked for was something about Harry Murray. However, nothing about him appeared in that issue, so I got in touch with other old hands and found that they were equally concerned that his death notice had not appeared. We all feel that you were probably not informed of his death.

CARDEN W. SETON, Rochedale, Qld. • Harry Murray’s obituary was in the January issue. We did fail to hear of his death at the time. 7 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—F E B R U A R Y , 1969

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ya\\ao toxs \n we a\s' nS Taste dried v sun N V * :«a SSP ■ ; ss * « ; S& ;;■« ■ - ; *:•:::: ft: ::: ■■ - SS o # o The biscuit that tastes like a cake the name’s Raisin Luncheon and the flavour’s just great! It takes raisins and raisins, to put the centre in this cake-like delight. So golden,' so good, and so full of Australian sun-dried fruit.

There’s value, variety and quality in

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ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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Greenlites are the only matches in the world that light when wet... they’re made for your part of the world Greenlites are tropical matches, waterproof. Ask for them.

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February, 19 6 9 -Pacific Islands Monthly

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H 81628 19 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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APRICOT SWISS ROLL: delicious Blue Ribbon ice cream dessert from Streets. Fluffy sponge cake spread with apricot jam, then filled with creamy Streets ice cream and golden rivers of real apricot.

Trade enquiries to Streets Ice Cream Pty. Ltd.

Box 13 P.O. Arncliffe N.S.W. 2205 Australia Cables 'Streets' Sydney, Australia or through your agent. 22 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Beauty And Brawn

YOU'VE WAITED FOR.

A / ' & • v Beauty in the Toyota Corona Mark II / / Deluxe goes without saying. / Just look. It’s new all over. Longer, lower, wider. A / that looks good standing still or in motion. And its beauty is more deep// Under the bonnet waits a hot 1.5 liter engine that smoothly takes you throughjmy and country with easy confidence. The rugged S.O.H.C. power plant boasts 5 main bearings for performance beyond the call of duty.

A no-nonsense synchromesh transmission and carefully designed suspension take the worry out of driving.

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Safety-wise the Toyota Corona Mark II has a padded dash and steering wheel, recessed gauges, separate headlamp fuses, steering lock, and more. Plus performance you expect from a car of this calibre. Cruising speed: 80 mph. Power to spare for passing and hill-climbing. And remarkable gas mileage. The same also applies to the Toyota Corona Mark II Deluxe station wagon with its stylish convenience.

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Fiji Catches Up

Smooth Changeover In Last

Territory To Go Decimal

From a Suva correspondent Apart from a faint air of perplexity as people grappled to think in dollars and cents instead of pounds, shillings and pence, Decimal Day in Fiji on January 13 was remarkable for its lack of fuss and bother.

But while on D-day most people rushed to dabble with the new currency, a chorus of consumer complaints was rising by D-day + three at what can be described as “decimal diddles”.

For instance, before D-day Lorima Waqavesi could buy 12 buns for 1/-.

After D-day: ‘They say that 10c are equal to 1/-, but today when I bought my buns I gave the shopkeeper 10c and he only gave me 10 buns.

“I think we should change back to £ s d because we are going to lose with decimals,” protested Lorima.

In dozens of cases the government’s appeal to traders for a square decimal conversion deal went unheeded.

Raised prices Using the conversion as a smokescreen, cafes, cinemas and pubs raised their prices by a few cents.

The Department of Statistics said the round of increases had led to a marked rise in the cost of living.

But the department added that it had been brought about by small shopkeepers; big, mainly Europeanowned stores had played the game and had not increased their prices at all.

D-day came after nearly two years of preparation and propaganda. Fiji was the last territory in the South Pacific to make the switch from £ s d to $ and c.

The move was made with eagerness, but in fact the decision to do so was an unavoidable one. Fiji would have been at a serious economic and social disadvantage if it had hung on to £ s d while such major trading neighbours as Australia and New Zealand, and lesser ones like Tonga, Samoa and the British Solomons were dealing in dollars.

Furthermore, the end of the manufacture of £ s d machines is due in 1971 when Britain completes its conversion to decimal currency.

Additionally, of course, there were hours of office and school learning time to be saved by calculating in decimals instead of the cumbersome £ s d system.

When in 1964 the Federation of Chambers of Commerce urged that the country should follow Australia and New Zealand in making the switch the government appointed a committee to consider the question.

The committee’s finding was an inevitable “yes” and its report was accepted by the government without reservation. One dollar was to be the equivalent of 10/- and 10 cents equal to 1/-.

Legislative Council approved the required legislation without a murmur of comment. There were not even any rows about what to call the new currency or criticism of the designs of the notes and coins when they were released only two months ago.

“Dollar” and “cent” were the names adopted without even the suggestion that they should be Fijian-ised, as Tonga and Western Samoa re-

Survival Of The Fittest!

Two Gilhertese who lost their boat off Nauru at Christmas survived after marathon swims lasting 72 hours.

The hair-raising adventure began on Saturday, December 21 at 3 p.m. when a fishing boat capsized eight miles off Anibare Bay with the two men, Tekaero ,and Biritake Kairo, both of Abaiang, GEIC. They righted the boat but lost an oar, and, hoping to drift towards Nauru, they made their boat lighter by throwing the outboard motor overboard.

By Sunday morning the two men were still drifting—but now they were 12 miles from shore. They decided to swim for it.

Meanwhile, on Saturday evening, the alarm had been raised.

Early on Sunday morning, six BPC barges (both men worked for the BPC) put to sea in search of them, and an Air Pacific Beechcraft was flown in from Fiji to join the search. It arrived at noon on Monday, December 23.

Throughout Sunday and Monday the two Gilhertese swam together.

Several times they saw the Beechcraft but were unable to attract attention.

On Tuesday they became separated.

Early on Wednesday morning (Christmas Day) Tekaero stumbled ashore in Anibare Bay, too exhausted to call for help. When he was found lying on the beach the search was renewed and a few hours later Biritake was found offshore by a local boat—still swimming.

Both men recovered quickly in hospital and were discharged in a few days.

Fiji's new decimal coins. 25 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

spective by Tonganised and Samoanised their decimal currency names.

Fiji’s lateness in converting was to its advantage, as there was the conversion experience of Australia, New Zealand and other Pacific Island territories to draw on.

The Australian Treasury sent a member of its conversion team, Mr.

E. J. Williams, to be secretary of the Fiji Decimal Currency Board, and he and other board officials were in New Zealand to watch D-day proceedings there at first hand.

The conversion programme closely followed the Australian pattern.

There was a Mr. Fiji Dollar, decimal jingles and slogans broadcast by Radio Fiij, a flood of educational booklets and pamphlets and innumerable conversion courses for shop, banking and office staff.

The board’s biggest problem was getting the decimal message to outlying islands, which were reached by only a trickle of printed material.

Schoolchildren were the board’s biggest help here.

Primary schools began teaching decimal money sums two years ago.

This meant adults in main population centres, as well as remoter places, got much of their decimal gen from their thoroughly clued-up kids. First evidence that dollars and cents were really on the way came three months before D-day when motorists buying petrol found pumps registering sales in them.

A week before D-day, 50 Australian and New Zealand technicians arrived to aid local counterparts with the job of converting some 1,500 office machines of all kinds—a job to be completed in late March.

Meanwhile, under conditions supposedly of great secrecy, the first year’s issue of the new currency— -27,000,000 coins and $5,000,000 in notes—was arriving from the Royal Mint in London.

Convoys of laden trucks rolling from Suva wharf to the Treasury were meant not to be noticed—rifletoting guards swarming all over the vehicles!

On Wednesday, January 8, all Fiji banks closed at 3 p.m. until D-day, January 13. The Treasury issued the new currency to the banks, who passed it on to the stores and businesses.

For thousands of people their first encounter with the new money came early in the morning of Monday, the 13th, as they rode by bus to work and received cent pieces in their change.

Dual currency As the day progressed, reports from everywhere indicated that people were having little, if any, trouble in handling dollars and cents.

One reason for the easy change was given by Mr. H. P. Ritchie, Minister of Finance: ‘The people of Fiji generally see more of other currencies than people in other countries.”

By June, it is planned that dollars and cents will have ousted pounds, shillings and pence from circulation.

In the meantime the country has a dual currency system operating.

By the end of the first week pound notes were rarely seen. On January 23, however, the Treasury complained that only 2,500,000 shilling and pence coins—lo per cent, of all the coins issued since 1935—had been returned.

It urged traders to stop issuing old coins as change so that their withdrawal could be completed quickly.

But much of the old coinage in circulation is probably in Fiji’s outer islands, many of whose inhabitants have not yet seen a single dollar or cent.

On D-day the Decimal Board’s secretary, Mr. Williams, estimated that it would be up to four weeks before remoter islands had their local D-days, when the next ship from Suva arrived carrying some of the new currency.

Fiji is watching the departure of pounds, shillings and pence with only one real regret; the famous Fiji penny with a hole in it, a memento carried away by thousands of visitors, has been replaced by a holeless one cent piece with no character of its own.

CIVILISATION FRANCAISE Fifty teachers from Australia and 20 from New Zealand attended the three week Summer School in French Culture and Civilisation held in Noumea in January.

This was the 7th annual vacation course organised by the French Government to promote the French language and way of life among Pacific neighbours.

Professor Georges Mathore flew out from the Sorbonne University in Paris to direct the summer school.

Visitors were able to enjoy the modern language laboratory at the new Noumea High School, as wel,l as film evenings, literary discussions and social activities with the Caledonian population.

South Pacific

Gets Three

New Knights

Three South Pacific men received knighthoods in the New Year Honours list. They are the High Commissioner Designate for the Western Pacific High Commission, Mr. Michael Gass {he leaves Hong Kong as Colonial Secretary in March to head the WPHC), who has been made a Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George {KCMG); Fiji’s Chief Minister, Ratu K. K. T. Mara, OBE, who has been made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE); and the Honourable Mr. Justice Bodilly, Chief Justice of the High Court of the Western Pacific High Commission, who has been made a Knight Bachelor {KB).

Fiji’s Chief Minister is now known as Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara.

Sir Michael Gass’ knighthood was expected. Western Pacific High Commissioners are always knighted, if they are not already knights when appointed. Ratu Sir Kamisese]s honour came as a surprise. He is the second Fijian to be so honoured by the Queen, and like the first, the late Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna, he has chosen to put his Fijian rank of Ratu ahead of the “Sir”. Ratu Sir Lala, like Ratu Sir Kamisese, was Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara 26 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

a high chief of Lau.

Among other South Pacific people in the New Year Honours: BSIP MBE (Civil Division) —Captain James Clifford, vice-principal of the Honiara Technical Institute.

BEM—Mr. Willie Vaka, a senior carpenter with the BSIP Department of Public Works.

FIJI CBE—Dr. C. H. Curd, QBE, Director of Medical Services; Justin Lewis, QC, Attorney-General.

OBE—Ratu Dr. A. R. Dovi, retired Senior Medical Officer, and the first Fijian to become a fully qualified medical practitioner.

MBE—Mr. Charles Cheng, a leader of the Chinese community; Mr.

Mohammed Ramzan, noted trade union leader.

Colonial Police Medal—Superintendent R. H. Bateson; Inspector J.

K. Sawau.

GEIC MBE—Mr. losefa Lameko, of the GEIC Education Department.

Colonial Police Medal—Mr. Cyril Arthur Williams, Chief Police Officer of the GEIC.

NAURU OBE William Bernard Marston, manager, BPC, Nauru.

New Hebrides

OBE—Mr. Robert Urquhart Paul, member of the New Hebrides Advisory Council, planter, company director and founder of New Hebrides Airways.

MBE—Mr. John Kalsakau, of the Condominium Health Service.

PNG CBE—Herbert Keith Kienzle, MBE, planter and company director.

OBE—Walter William Watkins, Secretary for Law.

MBE—Brere Awol, president, Siau Local Government Council; Phillip Gordon Graham, air traffic controller, Department of Civil Aviation; Wamp Wan, president.

Mount Hagen Local Government Council.

BEM—William Pi 11 o Pomutmut, local government assistant.

Queen’s Police Medal Superintendent Brian John Holloway; Superintendent Verdun Brian McNeil; Inspector Nelson Tokiel.

Footnote: Sir David Trench, KCMG, Governor of Hong Kong and former Western Pacific High Commissioner, was given the higher honour of GCMG. Captain Stuart Middlemiss, general manager of Airlines of NSW and well-known in Pacific aviation, was awarded an OBE.

Mixed villages for Games athletes At Port Moresby in August, men and women competing in the Third South Pacific Games will be housed in the same villages. About 500 athletes will be accommodated at the Administrative College at Waigani, and about 800 at the Port Moresby Teachers’ College. Both places are situated about four miles from Moresby’s airport.

The proposal to have “mixed” villages has been well received by the competing countries.

Each village will have a medical post staffed by medical assistants, and a doctor will be in attendance daily.

Other facilities at the villages indude post offices, banks, canteens, police stations, taxi ranks and laundry services, Special buses will be used to take athletes from the two villages to events and to training grounds.

Students the Administrative College and fr° m the Teachers’ i raming College will act as guides for the visiting teams.

Advice on diets .

The advice of competing countries had been sought on the diets necessary for their teams. With so many people coming from so many different countries, the menus will have to offer a fair amount of variety.

The venues for 14 sports to be held at the South Pacific Games are at 10 different locations. With the exception of judo and golf, all venues are within the Port Moresby town area - Judo will be held at Taurama Army Barracks, just outside the town, and golf will be contested at Lae.

All Port Moresby venues are within a radius of about six miles of the centre of Port Moresby, and are easily accessible. The main stadium, the Hubert Murray Reserve and the Olympic swimming pool are still under construction.

Rugby Union and soccer grounds and netball courts are now being top-dressed and construction of the basketball courts has begun.

The Papuan Rugby League ground will be available for competitions, and the organising committee of the Games has decided to use the League ground as the reserve for boxing and soccer qualifying rounds.

Don Murty, director of the organising committee, says that one of the most heartening things in The Olympic swimming pool at Boroko, Port Moresby, which is being built for the Third South Pacific Games, should be completed by March. Already construction of the dressing rooms is well advanced, and work on landscaping the area is about to begin. 27 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

connection with the preparation is the effort of the German soccer community in the construction of the Germania soccer ground and clubhouse. The latter, a two-storey building, is proceeding rapidly.

Soccer qualifying rounds will be played on the Germania Club ground as well as the League ground because of the number of territories who have entered teams in the soccer competitions.

The soccer finals will be played under floodlight on the main Games arena.

Some recent reports of sporting progress in the territories: FIJI: There is plenty of sporting material in the colony right now— but much of it is raw and untrained.

Some reliable sporting old hands will be representing Fiji in Port Moresby. Among them: • Usaia Sotutu. At the 1966 Games he won the 3,000 metres steeplechase in 9m. 59.25. (defeating former Australian title-holder Robbie Morgan-Morris, representing Nauru) and came second in the 10,000 metres event. (Morgan-Morris defeating him with 33m. 4.65.).

Last September Sotutu brought Fiji’s 5,000 metres record down from 15m. 54.65. to 15m. 35.25. (The Games record is held by Morgan- Morris at 15m. 44.8 s.) • Mrs. Toriki Varo. A sprinter and broadjumper, Mrs. Yarn is a veteran of Fijian track and field events. She was the star of the 1966 Games, and she could be a starter in August. She took in 1966 the 100 metres and 200 metres, was in the winning 4 x 100 metres relay, and was third in the long jump.

In boxing and Rugby Union Fiji is strong. The Fiji Rugby team must be rated as the shortest-priced gold medal certainty in the Games.

Watch out for this N. Caledonian mermaid Dolores Anewy, daughter of a former French boxing champion, has emerged as a new swimming champion in New Caledonia, and she will probably prove to be one of the stars of the Third South Pacific Games in Port Moresby in August.

In championships held in Noumea in December, Dolores, then only 11 years and 10 months, broke three freestyle records established by Marie-Jose Kersaudy, the young New Caledonian who won seven gold medals at the Noumea Games in December, 1966.

Dolores swam 800 metres in 10 min. 14.7 5ec. —45,2 sec. faster than Marie-Jose’s time at the same age. It was also 9.8 sec. better than Marie-Jose’s record-setting time at the Noumea Games.

Dolores also broke records for 200 metres, with a time of 2 min. 26.7 sec.; and 400 metres, with a time of 5 min, 0.4 sec.

Marie-Jose Kersaudy, incidentally, is again training in Noumea after having represented France in the Olympic Games in Mexico last year.

Potlatch unhappy at Samoan harbour work delays Prom an Apia correspondent In January it seems that Western Samoa is facing the new year with two big problems that need disposing of quickly.

Most important is the continued delay in clearing the channel for the Asau harbour scheme, for this delay prevents the valuable Potlatch timber export deal from operating. Next is the blow-up over salary scales for New Zealand teachers working in Samoa.

Four officials of Potlatch Forests Incorporated conferred in Apia in mid-January with government officials over the delays in completing the Asau channel.

Potlatch has called in the Dillingham Corporation for an independent look at the messy and difficult Asau job. Total cost of the channel work could top $W5750,000. Apia’s Samoa Times has even suggested Potlatch is “rethinking” the timber agreement it has with the Samoan Government.

Potlatch executives refused to comment, but the company is obviously unhappy.

On the teachers’ matter, Mr. C. B.

Newenham, president of the NZ Post- Primary Teachers’ Association, said in January that future NZ educational aid to Western Samoa “appeared to be in jeopardy”.

NZ Education authorities last year “requested” NZ teachers not to accept work in Western Samoa because their salaries had decreased 20 per cent, following devaluation. (PIM, Oct., 1968, p. 63). NZ devalued, but Western Samoa didn’t.

Mr. Newenham made it clear that if NZ teachers went to Western Samoa now that Samoa had “abrogated” its co-operation with NZ over teachers, this “would be regarded almost as if they had left the profession”.

FIRST OF A FLEET? The Republic of Nauru's new 6,000-ton trading vessel, "Eigamoiya", just after its launching in Scotland in December. For the story, see page 109. 28 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

That lovely new airfield is plain old useless From a Vavau correspondent Some mistakes are pretty costly, especially when it is a wrongly sited airfield. So Britain is discovering these days in Tonga.

Although the airfield completed in Vavau in October, 1967, must be one of the most scenic in the world, it has been condemned as being unsafe for all but the smallest aircraft under the most favourable conditions.

Perched along the edge of a precipitous, rocky cliff beyond the village of Leimatua, it boasted breathtaking views. Unfortunately, updrafts of air rising from the sea below made inspectors from Britain condemn it.

Luckily for Tonga, the site was chosen by Mr. Joseph Furniss, the Englishman who was in charge of work on the field; so Britain will foot the bill.

Maafu Tupou, Governor of Vavau, says the airfield is 3,400 ft long and cost about ST3 0,000. A new field will be built a mile inland from the present one and roughly parallel to it, and will cost just over $90,000.

The increase in price is explained by the greater length, of just over a mile.

This will make it possible, by an easy extension, in a few years time, to fit it in with King Taufa’ahau’s plans for jetfields throughout the kingdom.

Initial surveying for the new field is over, and hopes are that work will start early this year. The man in charge has not yet been appointed, but this time a New Zealander may get a whack at it.

Vavau’s Governor, who has one son at Hawaii’s East-West Center and another at the University of Papua-New Guinea, Port Moresby, looks forward to the new airfield.

With recent increases in overseas study, many other Vavauans join him.

Vavau people seem indifferent to the new airfield, but once work has started it will be a major topic of conversation. Dreams of rich tourists will again inflame local imagination.

To fly to the islands This new jet aircraft, the Fokker F 28 Fellowship, will soon be demonstrated in several Pacific Islands. The jet will be in Fiji on March 6 and it will carry out routine operations to Funafuti, Tarawa and, probably, Nauru. On March 11 the jet will fly from Nadi to Tonga and then on to Apia and Pago Pago. The F 28 has a range of 1,200 miles and can carry up to 65 passengers at cruising speeds of up to 530 mph. Twenty F 28's have been ordered to date, and Fokker is hopeful of interesting South Pacific airlines in the plane.

Mr. Henry insists Cooks must have final say in air routes If inter-government relations between the Cook Islands and NZ get much worse, NZ may not build Rarotonga’s proposed SNZ6 million-plus jet airport after all. And that’s the airport which the Cooks are depending on to get them into the air age—for they have no regular air service.

With plans to start work in April, no air agreement between the two countries has been signed. The Cooks and NZ Governments have reached deadlock over a small, but significant, givesVz the 6 right to'sTv which lines can fly tflny sTands' n he Cooks, and not just to the main island of Rarotonga. 6 Cooks Premier, Mr. A. R. Henry, is adamant that his government should decide who will fly to other islands.

When Mr. Henry says “other islands” he means, of course, Aitutaki, which is site of an American offer to invest millions of dollars on a tourist enterprise if it can get landing rights for airlines other than Air NZ. Also, a fear in the Cook Islands is that Air NZ could negotiate with Japan for Japanese landing rights in the Cooks —which many Cook Islanders don’t want to see.

Mr ,' Hcnr >’ seemly told the Cooks Assembly. “It is not certain at h * hls time (early December) W '“ ™ port built in Rarotonga. There will be no airport in Rarotonga unless the NZ Government agrees to change the clause we want changed”.

He said a islands’ request that the disputed clause be amended had been refused by the NZ Government.

Undoubtedly the NZ Government is perfectly within its rights in insisting that it has full control of air 29 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

services through the Cooks. The Cook Islands are a New Zealand territory and its people are full citizens of New Zealand. The Cook Islands are internally self-governing, but not independent, and there is not likely to be any changes in the Cook Islands constitutional relationship with New Zealand.

A group of New Zealand parliamentarians was visiting the Cooks in January.

The Cook Islands News, the Administration’s official news-sheet, quoted Mr. Henry on January 1 as saying on the airport matter: “Mr.

Henry said there has been silence on all fronts. The Cook Islands Government had stated its views and the changes it required, and the NZ Government had expressed its wishes.

The silence, the Premier averred, appears to be the result of both sides waiting for the other to move”.

Fiji: new portfolios Changes have been made in Fiji ministerial posts following the resignation of the Minister without Portfolio, Mr. John Falvey.

Mr. Falvey, who has been a member of the Legislative Council for 15 years and is the senior member with the longest continuous service, will remain in Legco as Leader of the House. He said he retired from the ministry “to make way for others”.

The government changes include the creation of a new ministry—the Ministry of Labour—under Ratu Edward Cakobau, who previously was Minister for Commerce, Industry and Labour.

Former Minister for Social Services, Mr. Vijay R. Singh, is now Minister for Commerce, Industry and Cooperatives. The last-named department was previously part of the Ministry of Natural Resources.

Jonate Mavoa, former Assistant Minister for Natural Resources, has become Minister for Social Services and his old job has been taken by Tone Naisara.

Ratu David Tonganivalu, who was Assistant Minister for Communications, Works and Tourism, has been appointed Assistant Minister, Chief Minister’s Office, and Peni Naqasima has left the post of Assistant Minister for Commerce, Industry and Labour to become Assistant Minister for Communications, Works and Tourism.

Bougainville is 'going about its protests the wrong way'

By Leo Morgan

Although I am a Bougainvillian and have been involved significantly with the Bougainville breakaway movement, I do not know for sure what sparked off the move for secession.

I merely have my opinions.

It comes as a surprise even to myself that I now find that I do not support the leaders of the secessionists in what they are doing.

I don’t think they are helping Bougainville.

My opinions as to why the movement was launched are based on two major beliefs. I think the movement is a sincere protest against gross neglect of the Bougainville people by the Administration, and rebellion against the Administration’s unenlightened policies on alienation of timber and land resources on the island.

I have nothing but respect for the honesty of the people who have led the move for a breakaway.

But now I look at the situation and I see that there are three ways that Bougainville can go: It can remain a part of Papua-New Guinea; it can attempt to join with the British Solomon Islands Protectorate; it can become independent.

The Bougainville leaders have asked for a referendum. Should this be granted, and Bougainvillians say they want their independence, how would they manage?

The Australian Government would hardly provide separate grants for Papua-New Guinea and Bougainville.

Although Bougainville is endowed with great mineral and timber resources and has rich agricultural soil, it would take time for these resources to be exploited for the benefit of 75,000 people, and a substantial external grant would be required in the meantime.

It may be very difficult for the island to get such a grant from sources outside Australia—a lot more difficult than certain members of the secessionist movement wistfully think.

I don’t discard the possibility that such a grant could be pot, but it is too much of a risk. And anyway, is the economy of Bougainville, even when fully developed, large enough to support an independent Bougainville? Like everything else in this breakaway issue, there are two opposite opinions.

And another point, would Papua- New Guinea co-operate with an independent Bougainville until such time as both could build up strong economies?

On the matter of joining with the Solomons, the big question that requires an answer is, “Would Bougainville be prepared to make economic sacrifices in uplifting the social and economic levels of the Solomons, whose economy is one of the poorest in the South Pacific?” And if it would, is Bougainville’s economy strong enough to stand the strain?

'Put up with grievances' I now think Bougainville would be better off if it stayed with Papua- New Guinea, even if it means putting up with certain grievances for some time.

The future of P-NG looks very promising economically, if not politically. It will have the population to exploit its resources—which an independent Bougainville would not have, even if it included the Solomons. And where would Bougainville get labour?

My main contention is that if the Bougainvillians are seeking secession because they are “more sinned against than sinning”, they are adopting the wrong method of protest.

The right and sensible way to show their disapproval of the actions and unenlightened policies of the Administration is to convince the members of the House of Assembly of the strength of their complaints.

I am sure they would sympathise with the Bougainville people if they were convinced. They would then demand that the Administration improve things and make amends.

Place In The Sun For Bau

The Government of Fiji has allocated $lO,OOO “without strings attached” to give a new lease of life to the historical island of Bau.

The money was allocated following a motion in the Legislative Council by Opposition Leader A. D. Patel that the government provide ways and means to start the renovation of Bau and to preserve its historical relics and monuments.

Mr. Patel’s proposal was received warmly by the Chief Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (PIM, Jan.).

Sir Kamisese said that at a recent meeting of the Council of Chiefs it had been decided to help in restoring Bau, and that timber would be brought from Lau for the reconstruction of some of the island’s pre-European landmarks.

Not far from Nausori, Bau is the traditional home of the Cakobau chiefs. It’s Fiji’s most famous island. The chief of Bau once took precedence over all the other chiefs of Fiji, and the language of Bau was to the islands of Fiji what the Latin tongue was to Europe.

The Fijian leaders hailed Mr.

Patel’s motion as a sign of understanding between the Fijians and the Indians.

Our picture shows an RNZAF helicopter (centre) landing on Bau —the first aircraft ever to do so. Aboard were Flt.-Lt. J.

Clements, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara and Ratu George Cakobau.

A. G. Shearer took the photo.

The PM slept through Fiji Fiji headlines ran “PM Ignores Suva: Stays in Suite ” and that, on the surface at least, seemed the rather indifferent attitude to the Pacific Islands of Australia’s Prime Minister, Mr. John Gorton.

Suntanned and quietly confident, he returned to Australia, via Hawaii and Fiji, after attending a meeting of the British Commonwealth Prime Ministers m London.

During his few hours’ stopover in Fiji to transfer from a jet to the liner Arcadia for a leisurely return to Sydney, ™* Fiji Times reported that Mr Gorton would not say a word about Fiji, and wouldn’t be interviewed. The PM stayed in his A rcadia suite. t ° n h io t tnya }, m Sydney on January 28 he said at a news conterence, in answer to a PIM question, “I got off an aeroplane in Fiji half asleep. I boarded the boat and went to sleep.”

Mr. Gorton said he didn’t meet Fiji’s Chief Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara. Australia’s future relations with the colony were not discussed with anyone in Fiji Had the PM, we asked, met Tonga’s King Taufa’ahau during his stay in London, and, if so, had he discussed possible Australian support for a Tongan proposal to seek membership of the Commonwealth?

“No. I didn’t meet him,” was the firm reply.

Australia's role in the South Pacific

By R. W. Robson

In a leading article on the question of South Pacific security, the Sydney Morning Herald on January 21 Uiafaod the ball into Canberra’s court.

The article said that it was to be hoped that the Australian Prime Minister, Mr. Gorton, when passing through Fiji in late January, would “take the opportunity to make his own assessment of a situation with which Australia must be increasingly concerned”. This was the question of the effects on Australia’s South Pacific lines of communication that would follow from Britain’s East-of-Suez withdrawal in 1971.

It was “disturbing”, said the Herald, that no mention had so far been made of this problem, and the leader continued: “Fiji lies athwart those communications and is an important air staging point. Fiji’s security is the direct responsibility of the British Commander-in-Chief Far East. In less than three years’ time there will be no Far East Command and the only British troops east of Suez will be a token force in Hong Kong.

“Who but Australia can take over the British responsibility? New Zealand’s interest in South Pacific security is as great as Australia’s, but New Zealand is too insignificant militarily to make more than a token contribution to it, as she does in South-East Asia.

“There is, of course, no question of stationing troops in Fiji. From a purely military point of view it is a matter of acknowledging responsibilty and seeing that there are the means to discharge it. But there are other considerations.

“Very soon Britain is going to pull out of Fiji and leave its peoples to paddle their own canoe. If this transition to self-rule is not to be marred by communal strife between Fijians and Indians—a situation which, because of Fiji’s strategic importance, Australia could not tolerate—now is the time for Australia to give Fiji substantial help in correcting the economic disabilities which lie at the root of race antagonisms there.

“We cannot rely on a withdrawing Britain to secure what is for us a (Continued on p. 159) 31 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Party politics, they said, would 'add lustre' By staff writer KEN McGREGOR The seven-day session of the GEIC’s fledgling House of Representatives (at Tarawa in December) was at times exciting, occasionally incomprehensible and sometimes even hilarious.

Proceedings were at times quiet, spirited, irrelevant and downright dull. Witnessing the session was—at least to a newcomer like myself—a fascinating experience.

In 90 degree heat some members wore lounge suits of a mid-50’s vintage; others wore lava-lavas and looked the more comfortable for it.

When no one talked, the silence was broken by the six, softly-whirring ceiling fans. A portrait of the Queen looked with maternal concern upon those gatherend.

The heat which causes the dreaded “Pacific malaise” (or lethargy) cut short debate on controversial subjects such as racial discrimination, and it brought to an abrupt end, among other things, a discussion about whether or not lagoon toilets would scare off tourists.

Often a government member would answer a question evasively, but Islands members didn’t protest: they seemed happy with the situation.

Little debate There appears to be little debate in the GEIC’s House of Representatives. The meeting I attended was more a question and answer affair, with only a few curly motions.

Government-appointed members survive unruffled, with no thirddegree as yet from the 23 elected island members. (There are seven official members).

Normally jovial Assistant Resident Commissioner Derek Cudmore, and the tall, white-haired Finance Secretary M. D. Allen, between them appear to run the show. They answer more questions and give out more information than all the other officials together, but are frequently helped out by R. G. Roberts, senior assistant seceretary for the GEIC.

A placid, but attentive, Res Com Val Andersen takes little part in general jawing. Separated from official and elected members of the House, who sit opposite one another, in his last few months in control of the GEIC, Mr. Andersen is very much a silent chairman of the House.

Official answers to questions were good and bad, evasive or non-answers, but all were accepted passively by elected members. Reuben Uatioa, Chief Elected Member, shone most because he asked more quesitons, leading his fellow Islanders.

But he and they often accepted official answers as gospel without inquiring further.

Anybody hoping for stormy harangues, shouts for independence or great cries of “Britain get out”, would have been disappointed with the meeting.

No cross-fire went on between elected members. Maybe it’s just as well—under the surface the two very different atoll Islanders—Gilbert and Ellice—have their prejudices against each other. Perhaps the new parliament could divide into two racial parties before it overcomes its immaturity.

One Ellice Islander with me in the public benches said; “It’s a meeting of half-talks”.

And it was.

But that doesn’t mean that nothing was accomplished.

With frightening speed, the House passed a proposal of the Mooring Socio-Economic Survey (released before the House met) that a GEIC Development Corporation be formed to take over all activities of the government-owned Wholesale Society, the Marine Department and parts of the Public Works Department. (One wonders how many members read, and understood, the survey).

With over 10 directors, the proposed corporation would have five divisions trading, finance, transportation, engineering and enterprises.

The aim of the corporation would be to develop the GEIC on a national and commercial footing, with costsaving, particularly where shipping is concerned, one of its chief advantages.

Unanswered Apart from a question (which went unanswered) on how much money it would cost to disband two government departments and the WS to set up the corporation, the proposal sparked off little discussion.

The House didn’t approve the corporation plan in detail—details and the actual cost of it apparently will be thrashed out at a later date.

More directly, Reuben Uatioa put Unspoiled Gilberts Air services to the GEIC from Fiji doubled in January when Fiji Airways’ prop-jet HS 748’s began flying from Nadi to Tarawa weekly instead of fortnightly.

As the only air link with the GEIC, the 40-passenger aircraft will be a vital factor in getting travellers to the GEIC. It is this year, with an internal air service expected to get underway, the GEIC hopes to put itself on the South Pacific tourist map.

What’s to see in the Gilberts?

For the answer, turn to p. 41, for a long, first-hand report of an unspoiled territory.

Reuben Uatioa, Chief Elected Member in the GEIC. 32 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

the question of the GEIC’s future on the line when, after the House had been in session for a week, he asked: Was government contemplating another constitutional development, and, if so what was likely to be the next step?

Assistant Resident Commissioner Derek Cudmore, who semed to do more answering than anyone, was ready for it. No, was the answer.

Government was keeping constitutional development “constantly in mind” but the current constitution had been in “working existence” only 13 months.

“It is necessary to ensure that stable and responsible government is maintained at all times, and therefore proposals for changes should be carefully examined before decisions are made,” Mr. Cudmore said. Local discussions on constitutional change could be on at the House’s first meeting this year, he hinted.

Nothing more was said about changes until a couple of hours before the meeting ended, on December 9.

Naboua Ratieta, Member for Marakei, Northern Gilberts, said he’d like to make a statement on party politics (the GEIC has two small parties, neither strong as yet).

Mr. Ratieta said that the GEIC Government was “trying to discourage” the growth of the twoparty system. No provision had been made for it, he said.

Party politics would “add lustre to debates”, encourage creative criticism and “lessen corruption” (which was the only reference to corruption made in the House, though on Tarawa a couple of fraud cases in district offices in recent years have caused quite a scandal).

Derek Cudmore replied that it was not the government’s job to provide for “party politics” this situation arose from differences of opinion over things like economics. Parties arose from the manner in which different people thought government should be run.

The GEIC could not afford currently to divide what little talent it had when the only major policy was the drive to economic progress, he said.

Much good debating time was wasted by innumerable questions on Mr, Allen’s 1969 Appropriation Bill, on which elected members, led by Reuben Uatioa, queried the necessity of almost every single expatriate job in the colony—with the exception of Mr. Andersen’s, and he is Resident Commissioner. (Continued on p. 159) Gilbertese, Ellice in need of unification, too Says our ROVING STAFF WRITER “In view of the number of Ellice Islanders now working in the office of the District Commissioner of the Gilberts, which is intended to serve the interest of the Gilbert Islands, it is recommended that the numbers be reduced to none.”

This motion, put to the GEIC’s House of Representatives in December by a Gilbertese, Tekinene Tetabo, the Member for Abemama, failed.

However, the very fact that it was put to the colony's parliament highlighted what is already an embarrassment for the Tarawa government, and a potential problem for the two atoll groups—the fact that there is little love lost between islanders of the Gilberts and islanders of the Ellice Islands.

There are 44,000-odd Gilbertese, of Micronesian extraction, and 6,000odd Ellice Islanders, of Polynesian extraction. But the Ellice Islanders hold down more jobs in government departments in headquarters at Tarawa —which is Gilbertese home ground, and there is Gilbertese resentment at this.

In turn, Ellice Islanders fear that the more-numerous Gilbertese would gain overwhelming political power should Britain give the GEIC independence. This would mean, say Ellice Islanders, that the Ellice Islands would become neglected, if not oppressed.

It’s impossible to gauge exactly the extent of the resentment between the two groups, because both groups appear so friendly.

But it takes only a few cans of Victoria Bitter at Bikenibeu’s popular Otintai tavern, or a brawl at one of Tarawa’s numerous dances, to show that beneath all those konamauris (good mornings) and gifts of coconut milk, the laughing atoll dweller has his adjustment problems.

At least 600 Ellice Islanders now hve on Tarawa—and that means Betio, Bairiki and Bikenibeu—and many of them are public servants.

More serious One reason why the Ellice Islanders have done so well at the expense of their Micronesian cousins could be that education was disrupted in the Gilberts for about four years by World War 11, while missionary (mainly Protestant) education was not badly affected in the Ellice Group for this period.

In addition, the Ellice Islanders take life more seriously than the Gilbertese. They are politically aware, and concerned about the future of the colony, and many, inevitably, are ambitious.

Gilbertese, on the other hand, prefer to talk fishing, or to dance or drink; they’re more superstitious and many of them, particularly the older ones, won’t venture outside their huts at night for fear of spirits and ghosts.

A Gilbertese “can’t afford’ 7 his land or his copra tax, he can't pay for his children’s schooling, but he can afford 20 or 30 cents to go to the movies.

Like it or lump it, today Ellice Islanders, in relation to their numbers, have won the race for government jobs and this fact has embarrassed the GEIC Government at a time when it is trying hard to unify the two groups of islanders.

Rev. losia Taomia, who speaks for the Ellice Islanders as Ellice member of the GEIC Governing Council. 33 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

How Mixed Up Can

YOU GET?

From a Port Moresby correspondent How mixed is “mixed race”? This has been a thorny question for years in Papua-New Guinea. And the answer to it has meant quite a lot in terms of hard cash to many people of varying pigmentation and diverse ancestry.

For most purposes a man or woman is regarded as of “mixed race” if one parent, or even a grandparent or great-grandparent, was a national of some country or territory other than P-NG. This definition has produced some odd results. If your grandfater came from the British Solomon Islands, you are of mixed race, but if he came from Bougainville you are not. It could make a substantial difference to your pay: indeed in a number of cases it has done so.

Is the offspring of a coastal Papuan and a New Guinea Highlander of less mixed race than the offspring of a New Irelander and a Niuean?

The commonsense answer would appear to be “no”; but in fact the latter would have a good chance of being recognised as “mixed race” and securing “mixed race pay”, while the former woudn’t have a hope.

Hoary old problem Now the hoary old problem has cropped up in a new form. Since 1962, mixed race residents of the territory may apply for permission to live permanently in Australia.

Many have done so, some of them not because they really wanted to go and live there but because it has been ruled that those holding such residency permits are eligible for expatriate rates of pay.

For the purpose of such permits it is expected that the applicant will be able to produce a bona-fide Australian citizen in his family tree. So far, so good.

But in the Western District of Papua there are quite a number of people with Torres Strait Islanders in their family trees. And Torres Strait Islanders are Australian citizens. So what? Are they eligible for Australian residency permits and ‘expatriate” rates of pay? This is something which Mr. Sneddon, as Minister for Immigration, will have to decide.

All this, of course, shows up what nonsense the whole filing is. Papuans are “Australian citizens”, but have no automatic right to enter Australia even temporarily. New Guineans are “Australian Protected Persons”. Not that it makes the slightest difference when they want to go abroad.

Now, for those, in whichever part of the territory they were born, who can produce a dinkum Aussie in their pedigree, there will be yet another category. How silly can we get?

The only way out of the tangle is surely to establish, as soon as possible, a Papua-New Guinea nationality. Do we have to wait for independence, or even for an amalgamation of the two territories, for this?

If a white man can be an Australian citizen and British subject at the same time, there does not seem to be any reason why a brown man should not be, at one and the same time, a P-NG national and an Australian citizen or Australian protected person, as the case may be. • Mr. John Greville Smith, President of the Public Service Association of P-NG, has complained to Australia’s Attorney-General about the “gross delay” of the Minister for External Territories, Mr. Barnes, in implementing NG’s Public Service arbitration awards announced in August 22 last year. The association threatens “legal action” if Mr. Barnes does not carry out his “statutory functions” and implement the awards.

Marathon Wipes

THEM OUT Prom a Noumea correspondent Forty-one at the starting line, twenty-six at the finish —this was the official result of the rugged New Caledonian Safari for car enthusiasts , held around the island over the last weekend in December.

Visiting rally enthusiasts were exuberant over the tough 900-mile course around Caledonian mountains and nickel mines. Just over 100 miles was run on sealed road, with the rest a trial through tropical storms and floods on the East Coast, gruelling one-way passes in the central mountains and red nickel dust around the mines.

Twelve Australian teams flew oyer for the Safari, two crews entering with Caledonian partners. One metropolitan French pair also participated, after competing in the London to Sydney marathon.

The two-day endurance test was won by the metropolitan French team—Jean-Claude Ogier (driver of Lucien Bianchi’s Citroen in the fateful London-Sydney crash out of Sydney) and Miss Lucette Pointet.

They drove the luxury Citroen DS lent by Caledonian mining tycoon Edouard Pentecost.

Australians Colin Bond and Brian Hope came second in a Japanese Colt, with Caledonians Edouard Boissery and Jean-Pierre Frarhy third in a Renault Rl6.

Australian champion Bob Holden, who finished sixth in a Fiat, agreed that this second Caledonian Safari had reached international standard.

New Caledonians now hope more Pacific visitors will enter in the third Safari, which the sponsors, Total and La France Australe newspaper, hope to hold next December.

What's killing Howe's cows?

What’s killing Lord Howe Island’s cattle? About 15 head of cattle have died over the past five years, five of them late last year, all of no apparent cause.

Locals blame poisonings, but no one is sure which plant, tree or shrub is to blame.

Some people are pointing a finger at Oleander bushes, others blame lead poisoning contracted when cattle lick old batteries in search of salt.

Whatever it is, the problem is serious on the small island, and milk stocks have been depleted. Islanders are talking of flying part of the stomach of the latest dead’un to Sydney for analysis. 34

February, 19 6 9 -Pacific Islands Monthly

New Hebrides Advisory Council bigger and better Prom a Vila correspondent Though it ended on a black day—Friday, December 13—the last session of the New Hebrides Advisory Council in Vila chalked up three notable motions.

Most important was the general approval for increasing the overall members of the council from 26 to 30 by adding four private members.

New composition will be government members, six (unchanged) and private members 24 (increase of four) and the real significance of the change is that nearly 60 per cent, of the private members will be elected, whereas only 40 per cent, were previously elected.

Nominated New Hebridean members will drop from six to four but elected New Hebridean members will double from four to eight; one extra French and British member will be added.

Thus the council will have six official members (including the RC’s), 10 nominated members (three British, three French and four New Hebridean) and 14 elected members (three British, three French and eight New Hebridean).

To provide for the elected New Hebridean members eight electoral districts will be set up and each will have a representative on the council.

The second approval motion was to pay more attention to the condominium’s variable airstrips; both RC’s agreed to provide an extra $40,000 to upgrade the strips over the next five years.

This motion, which got much discussion, was probably enhanced by the recent news of a mishap to one of Air Melanesie’s planes at Longana. Something obviously needed to be done to upgrade local strips.

New Hebridean members supported a motion to “strictly control” overseas labour into the New Hebrides and this sounded a warning note to hopes in Tarawa that the numbers of Gilbertese and Ellice Islanders working on contract as plantation labourers in the New Hebrides could be increased.

The motion went through, with the remark that more New Hebrideans now work overseas (in New Caledonia especially) than expatriates working in the Condominium!

Head Of Nauru

PHOSPHATE CORP.

NAMED Mr. T. A. Adams, who has been Australian representative for Nauru since its independence on January 31 last year, has been appointed managing director of the Nauru Phosphate Corporation, which will take over the control of the phosphate industry from the British Phosphate Commission on July 1, 1970. His appointment has been long expected.

Mr. L. J. Lockie has been appointed representative in Australia and New Zealand for Nauru, based in Melbourne.

Mr. Lockie for the past eight years has been general manager of the North Queensland Tobacco Growers Co-operative Ltd., Mareeba, one of the largest primary producer cooperatives in Queensland. Before that (from 1957-1960) he was secretary of the Western Samoa Trust Estates Corporation, in Apia.

As Nauru Government representative in Australia, Mr. Lockie also becomes chairman of the Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust, succeeding Mr. R. S. Leydin.

Mr. Adams, before his appointment by the Nauruan Government, held many senior positions with the British Phosphate Commissioners, the last as deputy general manager, in charge of the Christmas Island development.

Earlier he was assistant general (Continued on p. 128)

New Governor

Soon For French

POLYNESIA From a Papeete correspondent Mr. Jean Sicurani, Governor of French Polynesia for the past four years, left Tahiti to return to France on January 13 to take up the important post of director of the office of the President of the National Assembly.

Mr. Sicurani, 53, has been one of French Polynesia’s most forceful and respected Governors. He travelled more widely within the territory than any of his predecessors, and saw more transformations and innovations.

Milestones of his four-year term included : the inauguration of nuclear testing in the Tuamotus; the construction of airports on a number of outer islands; the opening of a television station in Papeete and a Gauguin museum at Papeari, Tahiti; the enlargement of Papeete’s harbour and the beautification of the Papeete waterfront; the exhaustion of the Makatea phosphate deposits; the establishment of an air service between South America and Tahiti through Easter Island; and numerous developments in the tourist industry.

Mr. Sicurani arrived in Papeete on January 21, 1965, to find himself confronted with a public servants’ strike that had virtually brought the territory’s business to a standstill. In typical fashion, he proposed an immediate conference, the result was that the strike was settled within 24 hours.

Issues warning In his speeches, Mr. Sicurani always drew attention to the economic advantages that the nuclear testing project have brought to the territory, and he never showed any sympathy for the majority parties in the local Territorial Assembly who have been campaigning strongly for internal self-government during the last couple of years.

In a speech over Radio Tahiti on New Year’s Eve, Mr. Sicurani warned against placing the territory’s administration and public service under the control of the dominant parties in the Assembly.

“French Polynesia had that experience 10 years ago,” he said. “It was followed by trouble and an after- (Continued on p. 189) Mr. T. A. Adams 35 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—F E B R U A R Y . 1969

Tropicalities For the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, the 1960’s will go down as the Decade of Causeways. To link the big and small islets within the colony’s widespread atolls, men, women and children have built rock bridges which vary in width from a couple of feet to a length of almost 300 yards. And the men, women and children have worked without pay.

Many causeways have been completed, others have stood half done for months and look as though they will never be finished; still others have sparked heated disputes between neighbouring villages.

None, however, has started as much controversy as the proposed two-mile causeway on Tarawa atoll between the islands of Betio, the colony’s commercial heart, and Bairiki, centre of government.

No one knows if this causeway will have one or two car lanes, or if it will include a couple of bridges to allow tides to move in and out of Tarawa’s lagoon.

The Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific, an American based fund-raising organisation, has pledged $lOO,OOO to help build the causeway.

This money will be used to buy a dredge and to pay the wages of the Gilbertese working on the causeway. The foundation has also said it will provide an engineer for the project.

So far no one else has committed a bean, and the residents of Tarawa are sharply divided on the merits of the causeway.

Arguments for: Troublesome ferries can be scrapped; freight can be moved to Bairiki more easily and bus services on the causeway would make profits (at present the ferries are working at a loss).

Arguments against: If no allowance is made for water to flow underneath the causeway, Tarawa’s already overfished lagoon will become fishless; the causeway’s size will disrupt tides and wash away a lot of Betio’s tiny land area and the whole project will be too costly—at a time when the outer atolls are not getting any money at all from the government.

However, arguments such as these overlook one important factor: the animosity that exists between Betio and Bairiki. Fact of the matter is that the people of Betio and the

Geic'S Decade

Of Causeways

people of Bairiki don’t really want to be linked.

Miss Rosme Curtis, the lively South Seas wanderer for the Foundation of the Peoples of the South Pacific, is well aware of this animosity. She has just spent two weeks in the GEIC.

At the end of her stay, Miss Curtis wondered if it might not have been better if the foundation had committed itself to reclamation projects on Tarawa and Maiana rather than to have pledged a dredge. Reclamation would have benefited everybody —without the foundation taking sides.

Moral: Giving money away is not as easy as it sounds.

Further technical investigations are now being made in Tarawa lagoon to see if the contra-arguments can be answered. But whatever happens, that causeway is going to cost at least twice as much as the generous foundation’s handout.

They protested with kava Tongans, like people in many parts of the world, take advantage of their democratic right to protest.

But in Tonga the protestors don’t as a rule throw sticks and stones, and they seldom hurl abuse. Instead, they present themselves to the government representative (or to whomsoever has moved them to protest), they offer him a large kava root and then they stand quietly aside while he delivers a wordy explanation about the present unfortunate state of affairs.

Anyway, that’s how it was in December when several hundred banana growers, led by a Tongatapu member of parliament, Vili Ahio, protested against what they took to be the meanness of the 2 cent bonus per case of bananas then being offered by the Tongan Produce Board (the bonus was 32 cents last year).

They marched on the Palace where the Prince Regent, Tuipelehake, was installed in the absence of King Taufa’ahau, and presented him with kava and a petition signed by 3,000 growers.

The petition read, in part: “We understand that the bonuses were made in recognition of the hard work we have put into the soil. Under the circumstances, we feel that we have been wrongly penalised. Can money be made available from other sources of the board to pay more equitable bonuses for the growers? Why should we have to suffer through negligence by the board?”

And as humble and loyal subjects they appealed to His Royal Highness to make an adjustment to the bonus.

Prince Tuipelehake told them that the meagre bonus was due mainly to the fact that Tongan sawmillers Miss Rosme Curtis, travelling representative for the Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific, with Mr. R. M. Birch (left), Australian Commissioner in Fiji, and Mr. Peter Maher, US Vice-Consul in Suva, on Betio, Tarawa, for the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Tarawa. (PIM, Dec., 1968, p. 33). See story above. 36

February. 19 6 9 -Pacific Islands Monthly

could produce only a third of the banana cases needed by the kingdom and that as a result cases had to be imported—which increased the purchase cost of each case.

Reminding the growers that they received $1.70 per case—the highest rate in the Pacific—HßH told the growers that it was up to the government and the board to reconsider the bonus, and he would refer the matter to the board.

And that’s how things ended.

Meanwhile, there has been another blow to the banana industry, as you will see on p. 128.

Salt helps heal the wounds Suitable underground drinking water has now been found at the West Coast town of Poya. Inhabitants are awaiting the arrival of pipes from France to install running water through the New Caledonian town.

These developments follow a public meeting called by the Mayor last October, to protest at the Administration’s failure to supply an adequate water supply ( PIM, Jan., p. 73). The local well had run dry in the current drought and townspeople were obliged to use their mining trucks to fetch water from a nearby river. There was quite an angry to-do about it.

In the meantime, as the hot summer continues at Poya, the high rate of water evaporation has left a thick white bed of salt near the seashore.

Villagers have made numerous trips to the site and are estimated to have collected over five tons of free salt.

Wheelbarrowed their way to fame A new sport may have begun in the Solomons. About 1,000 people were at Lawson Tama to watch the Guadalcanal Plains Rugby Club’s “Wheelbarrow Grand Prix”, on Boxing Day, organised to raise funds for the South Pacific Games Appeal.

Twenty-four teams took part with an assortment of decorated, painted and improvised wheelbarrows. Most of them finished the course from Lawson Tama to the Mataniko Bridge and back again through Chinatown, in spite of the heat, but at least one team found the going too hard and ended by carrying its wheelbarrow over the finishing line.

The winners were Maninili and Laufonua, one of the five P.W.D. teams, riding and racing a tastefully painted wheelbarrow with two Nguzu Nguzu heads on the front (the customary guides for the giant war canoes of the Western District).

Second place-getter was a Marine Department entry, piloted by Mahlon Toito’ona and Ezekiel Alebua.

A “Wheelbarrow Grand Prix” might now become an annual event in Honiara—providing enough wheelbarrows can be found for the contest. lan Pardon goes to Port Moresby The staff of the United Church in the Port Moresby urban area was powerfully augmented when, on January 12, Rev. lan Fardon was inducted as minister of the Boroko- Ela United Churches. Mr. Fardon goes to Port Moresby from New Britain, where, after a number of years as minister of the Rabaul Memorial Church, he had been working as a missionary at Gaulim.

When at Rabaul he was notable not only for his energetic and imaginative church work but also for his keen interest in public affairs, and he will no doubt find plenty of scope for renewing this interest in Moresby.

Mr. and Mrs. Fardon will renew a number of old friendships among the Chinese community in Moresby, which includes many who came to Moresby from Rabaul.

Port Moresby's closed open spaces How open should open spaces be? This is a question which has provoked some heated discussion in Port Moresby of late. The Boroko Recreation Reserve has, during the past few years, been divided up among various sporting bodies for the development of their respective sports, to the virtual exclusion of open spaces where old men can sit in the sun and smoke their pipes, or mums can gossip under the trees while the kids romp about on the grass. The Lands Department thinks that a break should be put on the tendency to enclosure.

There are things to be said on both sides of the argument. Sporting bodies cannot afford to develop firstclass facilities for their respective sports unless they can enclose the area allotted to them, and unless they can get a legal title to that area which will enable them to raise a bank loan for its development.

On the other hand there is a considerable number of people who are not interested in organised sport, but want, and need, some open space in which to enjoy themselves in more informal ways. And this, of course, raises the question of whose responsibility it is to maintain such areas, and at whose expense they are to be maintained.

Many Port Moresby people seem to feel that a 50-50 division between these two kinds of development would be reasonable, and that the problem of maintaining the “open” spaces might be solved by the provision of trustees and funds.

A lot of these problems may be easier to solve when Port Moresby gets urban local government—a goal towards which it is pressing forward at snail’s pace.

Frantic Phil socks it to 'em In a further step in its rise to maturity, the affairs of the Norfolk Island Administration’s radio station VL2N I will shortly be run by a Broadcasting Board. The Norfolk Island Council in January approved the formation of a body with six members, the Official Secretary, the Broadcasting Officer, a radio technical officer, a member of the Norfolk Island Council and one representative each of the Youth Club and the business community.

The island began the nucleus of a radio broadcasting service in the early 1950’5, when the Department of Civil Aviation’s radio station at the airport made regular broadcasts of aircraft and shipping movements.

About 1960 the Administration installed a transmitter at Kingston and from then on weather forecasts and other local news were also included in the broadcasts. Last year the broadcasting hours were extended and a part-time Broadcasting Officer appointed.

New equipment will be installed soon and transmission time extended again. No licence fees are levied on the island at present, but they may be just around the corner.

The first Norfolk announcer was “Aunt Doll” (Mrs. Doll Sanders), whose cheery voice greeted listeners five mornings a week, but she is now Norfolk’s Philatelic Officer.

The present Broadcasting Officer is a clergyman, Pastor Phil Anderson, the local Methodist minister. On the air he goes by a variety of nicknames —“Friendly Phil”, “Ferocious Phil” and “Frantic Phil”.

He broadcasts up-to-the-minute island news, his programmes of popular music are most certainly with-it and he has a large number of teenage fans. 37 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Lessons From A New Guinea

High School Play

The end of the year generally brings me a crop of invitations to attend school prize-givings.

I enjoy these occasions, but honesty compels me to admit that as one goes from one to another one notices a certain sameness about them—action song by Standard 1, dance by the girls of 38, and so on. So one gets quite a kick from theprize-giving which is different.

The most interesting one I attended as 1968 drew to a close was that held at the Badihagwa High School, which provides secondary schooling for the young people of Hanuabada and some other near-by villages. It is one of the very few high schools in Niugini which are day schools; most are boarding schools.

The name Badihagwa is an evocative one for Motu people. It refers to a hollow, almost an amphitheatre, in the hills about half-a-mile inland from the present beach village of Hanuabada, on the shores of Port Moresby harbour, and it was here that the forebears of the present day Hanuabada people, as well as those of some of the other Motu villages, lived, probably until not so very long before Captain John Moresby’s Basilisk sailed into the harbour in 1873.

From an earlier home To this sheltered spot they had come from an earlier home in the vicinity of Taurama Head. On the hill slopes, and embedded in the banks of a little creek which, when it is not dry—as it generally is—runs down from the hills to an outlet in the nearby harbour, can be found potsherds and other relics of their stay.

Why, early in the nineteenth century, they moved out on to the beach we don’t know, but it may be guessed that what began as a fishermen’s camp gradually developed into a full-scale village. Anyway, move they did, and when the white man came among them and began to hedge their lives about with incomprehensible rules, it was not surprising that, forbidden the practice of burying their dead in the village, they chose as a burial ground the spot on which their forebears had lived.

The burial ground is on flat land at the foot of the hills. On the lower To the Point with Percy Chatterton slopes above the high school has been built; so the busy present and the eager hopes for the future look down over the silent reminder of the past.

Badihagwa High School was established two years ago after long delays due to the reluctance of the owners of the land to part with it. And at first pupils and parents gave it a somewhat reluctant welcome, feeling that the more familiar pattern of a boarding high school had more to offer than one to which the students went day by day from their village homes.

However, the first doubts and reluctances were overcome, and the school is now well established in adequate, though rather austerely functional, buildings. When I looked in there the other day, a team of builders was at work putting up additional buildings in readiness for the new school ?ear. It will probably be several years before the building programme is complete and the school adequately housed. But that’s the way things go in Niugini.

J & & Within the amphitheatre that is Badihagwa, the students have constructed a small amphitheatre of their own, with an ingeniously contrived “set” of stone walls supplementing the rocks and trees already there to make an attractive outdoor stage, From the front of this stage the ground rises in a gentle slope, just fight tor the seating of an audience.

On the occasion of the prize-giving, the highlight of the programme was a one-act play with an Australian aboriginal theme, acted with verve and obvious enjoyment. Watching it, I fell to wondering why it was so much more successful than some attempts I have seen to dramatise Niuginian legendary themes, I think that there were perhaps two reasons. One may be that young Niuginians feel some measure of diffidence or embarrassment about enacting scenes from their own tribal past, especially in front of potentially critical parents and grandparents— a diffidence which they don’t feel in using themes from a comparable though different culture. I am not sure that this is so, but I think that it may be. , , Legends meander The reason undoubtedly was £at Brolga the Dancer was a soundly constructed play with pace, P |ot a " d Punch, and a crisp climax, 'f s author calls it a quasi-legendary drama , by which I presume he means that he has taken liberties with the legend in the cause of good theatre. And quite right too. ~, . .

Tribal j e g en ds tend to meander, Th ey remind me of some sermons I have heard, of which it might be sa id the preacher passed several B°° d stoppmg places. Listening to Bering wheThefThf teller had reached the end of his story 38

February. 1 0 6 0 Pacific Islands Monthly

or was just taking a deep breath before going on.

Sitting round a fire in the village street, with the adult audience smoking or chewing betel nut, and the children dropping off to sleep and waking again or lying with head on mother’s lap having the curly mop of hair searched for livestock, there’s nothing wrong with these stories that go on and on and on, and often end in a minor key. But they don’t make good stage presentations.

Idea for others This is something which might well be taken up in our high schools. If a few good one-act plays were to be taken to pieces and their structure laid bare, perhaps these young people might be able to turn some of their own Niuginian tribal themes into presentable plays—plays with crisp action, a clear plot and a recognizable climax, and, if they are to be performed in the open air, plays in which the action can be relied on to tell the story, even if some of the words are borne away on the wind.

Conversation pieces may have their place in sophisticated indoor theatre, but not in an open-air school play.

In the meantime, congratulations to the Badihagwa students on “Brolga the Dancer”.

Badihagwa’s headmaster, Mr. C. A.

Cameron, in his end of year report, had some sensible things to say about the respective merits of boarding schools and day schools. He pointed out that while boarding schools have the advantage of ensuring that students are constantly in a learning atmosphere, they tend to become communities in themselves, with little real contact between the students and the communities from which they come. Day schools serving a particular community, on the other provide opportunities for establishing a working relationship between the school and the community, and for involving parents and citizens in the functioning of the school and the orientation of its programmes towards the particular needs of the community.

It is evident that the staff of this school are keen to exploit these advantages of the day school, and I hope that they will get the full cooperation of the parents which they have appealed for.

I have something of a personal interest here, as most of the Badihagwa students’ parents received such education as was available in their youth from me. So I shall feel I deserve some share of the blame if they don’t give the school the cooperation it is asking for.

In view of our sparse and scattered population, it is inevitable that most of our secondary schooling will be given in boarding schools which gather students from a fairly large area; and, in addition to the advantage mentioned by Mr. Cameron, these schools also have the merit of bringing in young people from different tribal backgrounds to live, work and play together, and to learn to like one another. In this, some of our boarding schools have been very successful.

But the advantages of the day high school highlighted by Badihagwa’s headmaster are very real, and it is hoped that, wherever concentrations of population make it practicable, such schools will be established, and that the opportunities for local orientation which they present will be fully exploited.

Not far away from Badihagwa, and a few days later, Mr. Matthias To Liman, MHA, who hails from New Britain, is currently Ministerial Member for Education, and was formerly a teacher himself, also had some very sensible things to say at a school prize-giving.

The school was the Primary “T”

School at Lealea, a village of Motu people whose forebears also once lived at Badihagwa. Mr. To Liman Third Waigani (or Vaigana?) seminar “Waigani” is commonly accepted as the Papuan name of the area on the outskirts of Port Moresby on which the P-NG University is rising out of (very literally) the dust. Each May, a “Waigani Seminar” is organised jointly by the P-NG University, the P-NG Administrative College, the Australian National University and the Council on New Guinea Affairs.

These seminars attract a large and distinguished list of speakers, and difficulty has been found in fitting all the papers and discussions into the five days over which the seminars extend. So this year the seminar, from May 26-30, will be divided into two sections meeting concurrently. One will deal with land tenure, and the other with the problems of indigenous business enterprise.

Speakers from Polynesia, Australia, Britain, the United States and the UN will take part.

Incidentally, should “Waigani” be Waigani? Some time ago, when a young Motuan told me that it ought to be “Vaigana”, I thought that he was just being pernicketty. But the other day I found it spelt Vaigana in print, and, believe it or not, it was in the British New Guinea Annual Report for 1886-87. It would be difficult to find an earlier authority than that!

The legend of "Brolga the Dancer" is acted by Badihagwa High School pupils in their natural concert hall.

Note extras in the background. 39 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

'Crash '-teacher course returns told the pupils that they were lucky to be among the children of Papua- New Guinea who were able to go to school, but they must not think that because they had gone to school they knew everything. There were still many important things which they could learn from the old people of their village, who had lived a long time and learned many things.

With a characteristically Niuginian application of the principle of reciprocity, Mr. To Liman reminded the children that their parents had helped them to get a good education by providing them with food, clothes and shelter while they studied. “When you leave school”, he continued, “try to find ways in which you can help your village and the people, because when you were young they helped you”.

Well said. And by the way, I hope that one of the things which the young people of Lealea will not fail to learn from the old folk will be the art of growing those delicious long, thin yams which the soil of Lealea used to produce, and I trust still does, in such unsurpassed perfection.

IT is good news that the “E” course for primary school teachers is to be re-introduced. “E” stands for emergency, and with more than half Niugini’s children still not getting any schooling at all there is no doubt that the emergency is still with us. The “E” course is a sixmonths’ crash course designed for people from other occupations, particularly those of mature age, who want to take up teaching. Its graduates have in the main gone to village schools in the bush, and many of them have done an excellent job, confounding the critics who were inclined to rubbish the idea.

The scheme was started in 1960, but was abandoned in 1965 under the baleful influence of the World Bank Report. At intervals since then there have been repeated calls, both in the House of Assembly and elsewhere, for its re-establishment.

It has been rumoured that one of the factors which has led the Administration to re-introduce the “E” course has been the favourable comments on the work of “E” course teachers made in his report by Professor Lewis, an English education authority who recently made a survey of territory education.

If so, my appetite for reading the report is whetted. But shall we be allowed to read it? It seems to have become increasingly the practice of the Administration to sit on these reports and refuse to make them public.

Recent examples of this tendency are the report on import replacement and that on the re-organisation of the Public Service. From the past there is the case of the Derham Report on the territory’s legal system, which was never made public in full, though belatedly and under pressure Professor Derham’s recommendations were tabled in the House of Assembly.

And now we hear that it will probably be an expurgated version of the Chief Electoral Officer’s report on the 1968 elections which will be tabled in the House, though surely this is a matter on which members might expect to be fully informed.

This reluctance to make reports public may be reasonable enough when they are reports which have been prepared by officers of the Administration in the course of their duties, though I think that the Chief Electoral Officer’s report is a special case.

But when public funds are expended in having surveys made by outside authorities, the tax-paying public and the legislators who vote the funds surely have a right to read the resulting reports, even when, as may sometimes be the case, they are critical of the Administration. • Le Col Bleu, one of Tahiti’s best-known night spots, was destroyed by fire early in January. It was the second establishment of that name in Tahiti to be burnt down—the first having been situated on the same spot.

Plain Speaking

From Travelling

New Guineans

From a Port Moresby correspondent Messrs. Paulus Arek of Papua and John Maneke of New Britain have been touring Africa after representing P-NG at the United Nations General Assembly in New York, and the former has been getting into the news with some forthright utterances.

At home Paulus Arek has the reputation for being somewhat of a radical, and the conservative views he has expressed abroad have caused surprise and touched off speculation among those who know him. Both men are members of the House of Assembly.

However, on arrival back in Port Moresby, Messrs. Arek and Maneke struck rather a different note.

Criticising Mr. Barnes’ attitude on target dates, they expressed the view that target dates for, successively, home rule, self-government and independence should be set now.

They apparently still envisage, as they did in Africa, a period of 20 years or so for the attainment of independence.

They pointed out that, with the changed attitude of Liberia, Russia was now the only major critic of Australian administration in P-NG, and they suggested that the best way of dealing with this situation would be to invite Russia to send a delegation to the territory to see for itself what is going on. Russia has never been included in the membership of a visiting UN Mission.

They did some plain speaking on certain current problems, e.g., the racial segregation resulting from the creation of high-covenant and lowcovenant housing areas, and the tendency to create three communities in the territory—indigenous, mixed race and European. The mixed race people, they said bluntly, must make up their minds what they wanted to be, and not try to make the best of both worlds.

Altogether a welcome gust of fresh air in the current political aridity. • See "How mixed up can you get?", p. 34, and photograph, p. 118.

Matthias To Liman 40 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

The Unspoiled Gilberts

travel

A Regular Piaa Department

Reporting News Of South

Seas Tourism And Travel

From The Inside

Quiet and almost forgotten, this inlet to Abemama Lagoon, Gilbert Islands, reflects the tranquility traditionally associated with the Pacific Islands. Robert Louis Stevenson lived less than a mile from here for two months in 1890—just a stone's throw from the palace of King Binoka, ruler of the Central Gilberts from the early 1860's until 1891. A bemama will shortly become a tourist spot. An airstrip has been completed on the atoll, and the GEIC Government is at present considering applications by inter-island carriers to land there. 41 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Above: Surrounded by towering coconut palms, High Chief Paul Tokatake of Abemama, a descendant of King Binoka's family, sits on the foundation stone of Robert Louis Stevenson's house. Perhaps when the tourist planes start to land on Abemama this stone will become one of the top attractions: certainly High Chief Paul intends to mark this and other historic monuments and landmarks. Below Gilbertese girls, ever smiling, a pretty mixture of Micronesian, Polynesian and Chinese.

February. 1 9 6 9 -Pacific Islands Monthly

Top left: If you want to travel round the Gilberts you go by ship. Here Tom Murdoch, skipper of the "Temauri", brings his ship into Abemama Lagoon. Left: Passengers on the "Temauri" take five—half in and half out of the sun.

Top: "Temauri's" sister ship, the "Tautunu". Above: Passengers from the "Temauri" land in the ship's launch at Buariki village, South Tabiteuea. 43 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

Contrasts on North Tabiteuea. Top: The atoll is about to enter the air age. A leveller works on the atoll's airstrip (expected to be ready for small aircraft by March) as a barechested Major Bruce Bown, engineer in charge of the strip, stands by. When the strip is finished it will be covered with the white lagoon-mud seen in the right of this picture. Below left; A small boy carries a yoke of fruit. Below right: A little cutie poses in front of a pre-World War I copra house. 44 The unspoiled Gilberts FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

The Geic, Where The Tourist

Roughs It-And Likes It

By KEN McGREGOR Travellers who don’t need a service bell on one hand and a five-course meal on the other, and who are prepared to “rough it”, will get an experience well worth their while in the outer atolls of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Outside Tarawa, the Gilbert’s swinging capital, there has been so little development in 76 years of British rule it doesn’t matter.

Gilbertese and their way of life have scarcely changed since the ripsnorting days of Bully Hayes’ blackbirders and King Binoka’s rolypoly concubines.

Robert Louis Stevenson, Bob Corrie, George Murdoch and Onotoa’s cannon-owner Tom Redfern are all gone, but their centres of operation are unchanged. Parts of the White Rose, the Pacific’s last pirateer, still rest on an Abemama reef, undisturbed for over 60 years.

Kourabi’s bones, King Binoka’s pool for his 36 concubines, Murdoch’s well-preserved house on Kuria and his huge lime and coral prisons at Nonouti and North Tabiteuea, the lonely but beautiful Redfern graveyard, Grimble’s old resthouses. . . .

The Gilberts still have them!

Old personalities And the islands still have some of the old personalities, as I found recently when I put in a few hundred miles “roughing it” on the hardy, government-owned 71-ton vessels, Temauri and Tautunu, out of Tarawa.

Maiana boasts the irresistible Agnes Corrie, at 81, the daughter of coconut-oil trader Bob Corrie and his strikingly-attractive Maianan wife Taoniti, who has lived on Maiana since 1887 except for 10 years spent in Sydney for her education at Fort Street Girls High.

She speaks clear but quaintly phrased English and can discuss days “before government”.

Highlights of my recent trip included many dumpings in many lagoons, being nearly cooked alive by a merciless sun, eating one bizarre meal I later found included roasted rat, collecting coral scratches over most of my feet and being seasick once.

The highlights also included magnificent Islands singing and dancing, the prettiest and friendliest girls in the Pacific, and an all-round welcome that was almost embarrassing.

Crusty Captain Tom Murdoch, direct descendant of George Murdoch, of the Temauri was my host for most of the time. There aren’t too many coral heads Tom doesn’t know about or any good spots for clam shells, for that matter, in the Gilberts. He sails his Singapore-built tub more on the lines of a well-run soccer team than a government show.

Fares first class in GEIC ships range down from about $8 a day, including meals, and when it is remembered that Maiana is only three hours sea travel from Tarawa.

Abemama only nine hours from Tarawa and Ocean Island just on 24 hours, lots of islands can be included in a two-weeks’ stay in the GEIC. (Other distances, Temauri and Tautuna times, include Abemama- Aranuka 2 hrs., Aranuka-Kuria 1 hr. 17 mins., and Kuria-Maiana 7 hrs. 12 mins.).

Aboard ship, food is unimaginative.

Fresh fruit is conspicuous by its absence and ship travellers can never expect more than a couple of leathery apples on board. Bring your own or dip out! I more than made up for this shortage by the many samples of everything available offered by surprised Islanders at atoll stops.

Things do improve if the ship’s seamen can buy a few animals on the atolls; twice, just before we headed home on the Temauri, delicious and big helpings of chicken appeared.

Gilbert ships don’t allow for snobs of any kind. At sea and after the first stop the Temauri’s deck was always full, or nearly full, of startled pigs, frightened fowls, dead fish of all descriptions and people of all shapes, sizes, religions and—it seems —languages.

That’s not to count the two or three Gilbertese canoes tied to the railings, the four tuna lines always over the sides and the innumerable bags of personal belongings mostly included in the common Gilbertese mats. I’m sure if the mats aboard had been laid end to end they would cover the land area of the GEIC.

Cabins—first and second class—are clean, tidy and enough. Four first class are available and at least eight berths below are on hand for secondclass travellers.

But that’s enough introduction.

Vessels weigh their anchors at Betio, pigs squeal, Gilbertese grab their tiny guitars and you are off, to see some atolls Father Time forgot.

MAI AN A. Appears as soon as Tarawa disappears on the horizon— a quiet, long atoll with a massive half-mile wide lagoon reef that stops ships from entering the lagoon.

The drill is to change vessels six miles from shore. I found myself in a bare, 20 ft Gilbertese canoe with two grinning Maianans to spin me over the shallow reef edge and through the lagoon to Maiana’s government station at Tebangitua Village.

Hot, dry, lazy Winds were patchy, so the canoe trip took about 90 minutes, but when the wind did pick up we went skimming through the water at speeds of well over 20 knots. Below, huge shapes of sharks, manta rays and big rock fish reminded me to try to keep my eyes firmly on the approaching land.

Ashore, Maiana is hot, dry and lazy, like most other atolls. Besides a couple of motor bikes and numerous push-bikes, it boasts one ageing truck, owned by the Roman Catholic Mission. In December, this truck was the centre of a bitter controversy between the Catholics and Protestant Missions on the atoll. To make money with its goods-carrying vehicle it was in the Catholic interest to have the island’s dusty roads in good repair.

Maiana’s Protestant-run council knew

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Refused to pay this, and for the past two years had not spent a cent on the roads.

In desperation, the Catholics repaired the roads themselves with their truck and whacked the bill for this work to the council. Council refused to pay. There things stood. So much for atoll politics.

At night, in Tebangitua’s maneaba (meeting house) I saw a magnificent example of Gilbertese dancing and singing. No holds barred, winsome bare-breasted girls and their boyfriends, wearing long black strands of human hair round mats, put on a show you couldn’t buy in Hawaii or Tahiti for $2O a head!

The hula, hand dances and rhythmic clapping (not to forget an uninhibited Islands Twist) all began soon after I had downed a massive feed of chicken, breadfruit and coconut milk. Villagers insisted that there be no charge whatsoever.

The timing of the clapping and singing of the show and its results leave no doubt that Maiana should attract a good share of the GEIC’s tourists-to-come.

Concubine ABEMAMA. With two in-lagoon anchorages easily available, a wealth of long roads to travel by either push bike or motor bike, and several top historical attractions, this atoll is a must.

Robert Louis Stevenson’s homesite is there (a large foundation stone is all that’s left), King Binoka’s palace site and concubine pool are easily found, as is the king’s upraised tomb.

All are less than half a mile from a landing point at Kariatebike Village, which besides village houses, includes one store, the government station, the post office, Island Council headquarters and a court house.

Further afield are Captain Jimmie Smith’s 80-year-old house, wrecks of the White Rose and BP’s Tambo and remains of George Murdoch’s second house. High Chief Paul, descendant of Binoka and controversial owner of huge tracts of land on Abemama, Kuria and Aranuka, is not hard to find.

The lagoon has clam shells too big to be craned to the surface and now Abemama contains the first of the GEIC’s completed white lagoonmud airstrips, capable, I was told on North Tabiteuea by its constructor, Major Bruce Bown, of accommodating Boeing 727 jets.

Abemama’s Gilbertese are warm, friendly and Twist-mad. They are all too ready to turn on a dance and singsong at a moment’s notice—as did High Chief Paul’s Teiangirake N Tuangaona “choir” at Tebanga Village.

I’ll never forget flying off from the show they put on—whizzing crazily along Abemama’s dusty roads at an ungodly hour aboard an overheated Honda to catch the Temauri.

Or the breathtaking “fan” sunset over the atoll’s lagoon.

ARANUKA. It’s hardly worth the long launch trip from your ship. Hot, dry and poor, the atoll’s Etantenamo and Takaeang villages will never attract tourists, though it’s to be hoped they warrant a little attention from Tarawa.

Conked out Tekamantoa Tebaubuki, Aranaka’s patient Island Executive Officer, said Betio’s marine office rarely had ships call there because they couldn’t get into the lagoon.

He said BPC recruiters wouldn’t call either, and several Islanders had sailed to nearby Kuria by canoe in an effort to get jobs when the BPC called there looking for phosphate workers.

Aranuka has no truck and no Europeans. The council launch’s engine has long since conked out and impromtu sails are used. A Catholic priest from Maiana called “every four or five months,” he said.

Neither Aranuka’s “hospital” nor police station were as big as a busstand and although Tarawa was only seven hours away by sea, its facilities were 50 years ahead, Aranuka was the Gilbert atoll that progress forgot completely.

KURIA. Deep, clear swimming water with reefs on both sides, attractive villages with old, well-tended coconut trees and an ideal spot on Murdoch family land for a resort, all make the atoll a must for visitors.

Temauri anchored close inshore and it was less than 15 minutes before I was standing beside the atoll’s inevitable 100-ft high flagpole with its Union Jack.

A favourite place of King Binoka, Stevenson and Murdoch, Kuria has old men who can spin tales of them.

I met one old character, Bureteiti, who said he was a “boyfriend” of Binoka’s last wife, Nanomarawa, who died in 1957 in her nineties.

Bureteiti’s father was blackbirded in the 1880’s, never to be seen again, and Bureteiti himself can recall card games between Binoka and Stevenson (Binoka always won because he had the choice of both hands!).

But it was the beautiful passage about a mile from the government station which impressed me. Crystalclear, deep water flowing between the site of George Murdoch’s house and grave and the islet on which Binoka had his “Kuria home”, is surely one of the GEIC’s nicest hideaways and an obvious site for a small hotel.

NONOUTI. Traditionally the base of Roman Catholic operations in the GEIC (it was their first landfall in the Gilberts—lBBB) the atoll has one of the real characters of the Agnes Corrie, 81, is one of the Gilberts' best known personalities. A daughter of Bob Corrie, a coconut trader in the GEIC 100 years ago, she is pictured here outside her Maianan home. 47 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

I

Information Is Not Like Oil

Searching for oil is sometimes chancy— you may strike it, or you may not.

Information is not like oil, however. It is there, waiting for you.

You can get the information you require about Australia through the Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia.

With a network of over 1,000 branches covering every part of Australia, the Commonwealth Trading Bank can provide up-to-the-minute, accurate information on Australia’s economic structure, its markets, raw materials, primary and secondary industries, trade and investment opportunities.

To tap this wealth of information write to the Chief Manager, International Division, Commonwealth Trading Bank, Box 2719, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W., Australia, 2001.

Commonwealth Trading Bank

of Australia

Nedlloyd Lines

MANAGERS

Nederland Line ■ Royal Dutch Mail • Amsterdam

Royal Rotterdam Lloyd Rotterdam

Regular Sailings By Fast, Modern, Cargo Vessels

from CONTINENTAL PORTS via PANAMA to

Papeete, Apia, Suva, Lautoka, Noumea And New

ZEALAND. other ports called at subject to sufficient inducement heavy-lift facilities —refrigerated space—cargo deeptanks Ets. Donald Tahiti, Papeete.

Carpenter's Fiji Ltd., Suva.

For further particulars apply to agents O. F, Nelson & Co. Ltd., Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd., Agence Maritime Pentecost, Apia. Nukualofa. Noumea.

Russell & Somers (Wellington) Ltd., Wellington, N.Z. 48 FEBRUARY. 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Karlander New

GUINEA LINE LTD.

Milford Haven Road, Lae, N.G. Telephone 2381

Regular cargo vessels trading between Australia, Papua, New Guinea and Solomon Islands KtiCT- * • .■* ;

Specialising In Container Services

Agents:

Port Moresby—Steamships Trading Co. Ltd

Samarai—Steamships Trading Co. Ltd

RABAUL—RABAUL TRADING CO. LTD.

Wewak—Breckwoldt & Co. (N.G.) Pty. Limited

Kieta—Breckwoldt & Co. (N.G.) Pty. Limited

MADANG—B. J. BACK PTY. LTD.

LAE—N.G.G. TRADING CO. LTD.

HONIARA—E. V. LAWSON LTD.

Managing Agents: F. H. STEPHENS PTY. LTD. 5 Macquarie Place, Sydney, N.S.W., 2000, Australia. Telephone; 27-8311.

MELBOURNE—F. H. Stephens Ltd., off 544 Flinders St., Melbourne, BRISBANE—F. H. Stephens Pty. Ltd., 30 Albert St., Brisbane, 4000, Australia m What a wonderful way to see fascinating, friendly rui * At fabulous KOROLEVU BEACH HOTEL—the resort that made Fiji famous—at the air-conditioned CLUB HOTEL, SUVA, or at NANDI, LAUTOKA, TAVUA, BA and SIGATOKA, wherever you travel around Viti ’.evu, the main island in the Fiji Group, you'll find a warm welcome at a NORTHERN HOTELS Hotel. Discuss your tour with your travel agent, he will be happy to make all arrangements, or if you prefer, write to us direct.

NORTHERN HOTELS LTD., BOX 285, SUVA, FIJI Australian agents: Shaul International, 7th Floor, |H 291 George St., Sydney, N.S.W. Telephone: 29-2701.

Divorces easy to get colony, the current priest in charge of Catholic operations, Father Joseph Branstett.

The missionary, with 31 years in the colony, runs the big Catholic teaching operation from a two-storey colonial house only feet from the paper-white sands of the beach and yards from a massive maneaba (“it went up in 1941 when we had nothing else to do and it’s still the biggest in the Gilberts”).

Downing Victoria Bitter, Father Branstett gets philosophical: “In my first 10 years in the Gilberts I began to learn the language and start to understand the Gilbertese. The next 10 years and I could speak Gilbertese and I knew what a Gilbertese was thinking.

“During these last 10 years I realise I know nothing. That’s what the Gilberts are like.”

Nonouti also has a marriage problem. Its very attractive young women marry too young, I was told.

Legal age is 16, but many take a husband at 11, 12 and 13.

Miss Kaennang Kirabuke, 23, a pretty Island Council teacher, told me that divorces are easy to get and cost 50 cents. This led to many of the young couples breaking up when they turned 19 or 20.

“Another problem is there are incomplete birth records here so no one knows how old many of us are,” she said. “Many girls are pregnant at 13 or 14, before they are married.

It’s a great shame.”

Witchdoctors If young misses in bother aren’t problems enough, Nonouti’s quiet medico, Dr. Eritane, in charge of the atoll’s pathetic “hospital”, said he was faced with hot competition by the atoll’s withdoctors and sorcerers.

Not that there were many sick cases, but mostly when a patient is treated by a witchdoctor he was expected to pay with food, while Dr. Eritane’s service was free. Food payments at a time when the atoll was reeling from a prolonged drought were a strain on most people, he said.

Especially when they received herbs or “massage” in return.

NORTH TABITEUEA. Handicapped by a dark reputation because of its numerous “toddy murders” and stabbings (all men seem to carry long copra knives under their skirts) the atoll will have a 3,800 ft long white lagoon-mud airstrip finished in 49 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Spend $l2 a day in India and the change is all yours! «M«i n: m \r.\ *l' 01 IBs I » mm m ■I 'i MME 1 Lake Palace Hotel, Udaipur 2 Sun 'n' Sand Hotel. Bombay 3 Oberoi Intercontinental. New Delhi 4 Houseboat on Lake Dal, Kashmir 5 Kovalam Palace Hotel And what a change! India, where $l2 a day puts you right in the lap of luxury in some of the finest hotels in the world, whether you choose one that was originally a Maharajah's palace, or an ultra modern hotel of international standard.

At new Delhi the OBEROI INTERCONTINENTAL. At Agra the CLARKS SHIRAZ. At Bombay the TAJ MAHAL HOTEL and the SUN'N'SAND. And at Cochin on the coast, the SEALORD and CASINO hotels. At Bangalore the BANGALORE INTERNATIONAL.

All five star Internationals offering the comforts you would expect to get anywhere in the world. Air-conditioning, swimming pools etc., plus the added charm of Indian courtesy. At Udaipur live in utter luxury upon the waters of a placid lake, in an exquisite white marble palace—the world famous LAKE PALACE HOTEL. Or a Maharajah s beach palace at Kovalam on the languid palm-fringed coastline of the warm Arabian sea. Dwell in a Maharajah's summer palace at the edge of a winding lake in the Periyar Game Sanctuary. Relax at Doty, seven thousand feet up a lush green mountainside in a true colonial hotel, the SAVOY. Complete even to shuttered doors on long cool verandahs, and turbanned servants. Or sleep in peace at night snugly housed aboard a fabulous houseboat at Kashmir. And for those who wish to spend less than $l2 a day and still enjoy modern comfort, India abounds in less expensive private hotels, beach inns and lodges, and motel-style bungalows.

And the hotel in which you stay is an exciting part of your colourful Indian holiday, for India is lavish with endless variety. Wherever your nomadic inclination leads you in this vast and dazzling land. Visit sun drenched beaches, mystic temples, majestic mountains, bustling bazaars, placid lakes. Thrill to awe inspiring architecture, contrasting topography, generous hospitality.

Fly there soon. See your travel agent and make it easy. with BOAC and Qantas AIRINDIA The airline that treats you like a Maharaiah-worldwide.

Suva Office: Victoria Parade, Suva. (Tel. 25 561 and 25 646) Nadi Office: Terminal Building, Nadi Airport. (Tel. 72 344 and 72 552) 18750 A253.86.1005c

Tahiti: Tahitians attacking the “ Dolphin " in Matavai Bay, Tahiti.

T)Maw4 ctf ivUe

Robert Langdon

The only book telling the vivid history of Tahiti from its discovery by Europeans to the present day.

Critics' Praise

The author writes in a pleasantly relaxed style . . . and has captured the essence and feel of the island.— Times Literary Supplement.

Vivid and often politically complex history . . . expertly documented.—George Farwell, The Advertiser, Adelaide.

PRICE: SOFT COVER; Australia and P.-N.G., $1.95 Aust., plus 25c posted; Pacific Islands and overseas countries, $1.95 Aust., plus 33c posted; U.S.A. $2.75 U.S. posted.

HARD COVER; Australia and P.-N.6., $3.30 Aust., plus 25c posted; Pacific Islands and overseas countries, $3.30 Aust., plus 35c posted; U.S.A. $4.15 U.S. posted.

Order from the publisher, or direct from Islands or Australian booksellers. * Pacific Publications (Australia) Pty. Ltd. 29 Alberta Street, Sydney, 2000. (Box 3408, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W 2001).

Washing the skull March, two miles south of Utiroa landing point.

Attractive walks, roads and beaches are there, and at tiny Eita Village hangs the much-feared Kourabi’s Bones in a maneaba. Set in a big basket decorated with beautiful shells, the bones hang suspended from the maneaba roof. They include a massive and well-preserved skull, supposed to have been Kourabi’s, who was a warrior son of a long dead Queen of Beru, who conquered Tabiteuea 100 years ago. Every five years those bones and skull are ceremoniously washed by “old men” of Eita.

North Tabiteuea also includes the surviving store and house of Francis Kicking, who was a rugged trader of 80 years ago, and an enormous prison, erected by George Murdoch over 50 years ago.

Its personality is another Catholic priest, Father L. Wrenn, with 20 years in the Gilberts, who said the atoll suffered badly in two ways— there had been no developments (except the airfield) for 60 years, and district officers called far too infrequently. When they did turn up, he said, they stayed only a couple of hours.

Grass skirts SOUTH TABITEUEA. Vivacious girls in cleverly-woven grass skirts (and nothing else) were common, and the big hope is of rock causeways because the atoll is broken up into many islets.

One village chief insisted on a picture being taken of his illegal white and red flag (instead of the Union Jack) that his village had had made to celebrate completion of an excellent 150-yard causeway to an adjoining island.

Another local bone that is being gnawed is the forthcoming union of the North Tabiteuea and South Tabiteuea Island Councils. North Tabiteueans own plenty of valuable land in the south and don’t want to pay land taxes, which could go into southern revenues.

DC “Ren” Smith is optimistic that “peace talks” will settle the problem.

ONOTOA, An attractive atoll which boasts an ancient resthouse of Grimble’s time, complete with the late DC’s whispering ghost, Onotoa PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

QANTAS, with AIR INDIA. AIR NEW ZEALAND. BO AC. MSA and S.A.A.

Suddenly you’re off to some places Europe you don’t know and it’s nicer to go with someone you know.

Q/\NTJ\S is someone you know m 1 n % \ % • "W can tempt «*■ *-»•* *W:. you away... once you experience the unique flavour and distinctive aroma of ERINMORE MURRAY ERINMORE MIXTURE T| FINE TOBACCOS m SINCE 1810

Murrays Of Belfast

Northern Ireland

is friendly, pretty and well worth the rather long launch trip to shore.

Traditionally the home of Tom Redfern, a colourful trader who kept the blackbirders away with three massive German cannon he got somehow, the atoll has the Redfern cemetery.

I made a three-hour seven-mile trek through swamps, rivers, over causeways by foot, bicycle, tractor and water to find it on a lonely, uninhabited coastline overlooking booming breakers on the reef.

Nearly 40 grey coral graves, mostly in disrepair, were distributed over about 40 yards. Some were upraised and broken and I found two ageing skulls taking in the sun.

Only one name was left on a wellpreserved granite plaque: “In memory of James Corwin, master mariner, a native of Bornoldswick, Yorkshire, England, who died at Onotea, August 11, 1900”.

A short distance away, half buried in the beach, a VSO, Dick Morris, helped me uncover the ends of two huge cannon about whose history, of course, we knew nothing.

The spot, obviously, could spin a few yarns of the old Pacific.

Onotoa’s people were friendly, its villages and maneabas clean and its big lagoon sleepy and blue. I’d like to return.

Apricot Pie And Gravy

At Tarawa'S Top Hotel

Single men have been booked into the same room as single women; desserts have been served before soups; apricot pie has been served with gravy; bras and panties have been returned to male guests . . .

Drinkers have ordered whiskies and received pineapple juice; diners have been confronted with grinning Gilbertese who kneel to serve food.

These, and other crazy things, have happened at Otintai Hotel, on Tarawa, GEIC, and the pub’s energetic manager, Peter Barker, is quite ready to admit it. Peter explains: “Otintai wasn’t planned, it evolved”.

Today, even though the service isn’t so haphazard as in the days of apricots and gravy, the Otintai is certainly no Travelodge or Pago Pago Intercontinental. There’s no airconditioning, no running hot water, no buttons to jab for room service.

Pinball machines and cigarette machines are unheard of, and the lively, colourful Gilbertese staff don’t know what a tip is.

Guests can be tossed out of their rooms at any hour by girls wanting to clean up, and when visitors want to page a friend the best they can do is yell—there’s no better system.

Otintai is an un-professional hotel.

Peter Barker is a travel agent, not a trained hotel manager. The only member of his staff to have had any formal training is vivacious Valima Natomo, 21, of Funafuti, who spent nine months training as a cook at Hawaii’s East-West Center.

I spent more than two weeks at the Otintai and found it to be a real, and engaging, treat.

Food is excellent and varied; the rooms, less than 10 ft from Tarawa’s sleepy lagoon, are comfortable. The easy-going staff (they often strum guitars when they should be working) are always smiling. If food orders are wrong, it’s a great joke for a minute, and then the right order appears. I collected a mysterious pair of red socks in my laundry and a female guest collected a man’s singlet in hers. $4.50 a day There are 11 twin rooms at the hotel, eight of them with showers and toilets. All rooms have fans and the rate is $4.50 a day without meals —with food, the rate is probably double this.

Operated by the GEIC’s government-owned Wholesale Society, the Otintai was originally used as a transit home for pilots and staff of Fiji Airways. Over a year ago, the WS refurbished the house and extended it along the foreshore of the lagoon. A bar, a lounge, a kitchen and an office were built. New rooms, modest but adequate, went up only feet from Tarawa’s high water mark.

“Most of the staff couldn’t speak much English but they wandered in from Bikenibeu Village, and have learnt from scratch,” Peter Barker told me.

“Today we’re still making mistakes and are far from perfect. But everyone is happy and they feel the Otintai belongs to them, which, of course it does.”

Tarawa's modest pub, Otintai (Gilbertese for sunrise), has character, good food and lively staff who keep the guests entertained. 53 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Slfe.-f'm. • : * ■ * m : * n ■ ' X T THINGS HAVE CHANGED...

Take our aircraft for instance —now we're flying great, gleaming DC-8 jets.

From Los Angeles, right through the South Pacific as far as Singapore.

They're bigger, better, carry you more comfortably than the grand old flying boats we took from lagoon to lagoon all over the South Pacific. They serve you better now go to more places. Today our circuit reads like a Traveller's Guide to the romantic South Pacific Honolulu, Papeete, Pago Pago, Fiji, Noumea, Norfolk Island, Auckland, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane... plus the Pacific gateways Los Angeles, Hong Kong and Singapore. But some things haven't changed. Come aboard. It's the same, the all-the-way service you've known for years, informal, friendly. You like it that way, you tell us. So we'll keep it that way. jet m new mam THE JETLIME OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC with boac a qantas ANZP.B.4B

By sea from Apia to Pago in a trip to remember By GLEN WRIGHT, in Apia “You are going to Pago Pago by boat? At night? Are you out of your mind? Don’t you know that you can go by plane?”

Yes, I knew quite well that I could go by plane. But I wanted to make an inter-island trip on a trading schooner. It would be the pay-off for all those years of reading the adventure magazines. Ah! Those stirring tales of swash buckle and ievil-may-care in the South Seas!

So, while my papalagi (white) friends, shook their heads, I left them I T h rnnMn’t an^ h mv et l- for f the d 0( ] k ' #° r pe°p le - S a? ° an t ° f all , ages crowded around her. I wormed my jay through them Alas! The MS aS litH°p S ™Lfv™ ner ’ti, bUt a stubby little motorship with a 3 .n m th ShiP ft V Plle af oil drums on the after deck.

Wrangling, shouting c .. . *~ , Sweating, half-naked young men vere loading her hold with burlap sacks of taro. Several truckloads vere stowed into her innards. Die .rowd interfered with them, they »mplamed, and white-helmeted 30 ice moved the onlookers back of Z IVT* 5 away on the inghtly lighted dock We were an assorted lot of adults, eenagers and babies. The oldsters stood guard over piles of luggage: cardboard boxes, rolls of woven reed mats, fibre baskets and banana leaf hampers.

The teenagers coagulated into groups, wrangling, shouting, striking each other in what passes for play among Samoan youth, or singing to the strum of ukuleles and guitars, At last the skipper) purser and immigration officer arrived. Names on the passenger list were called out and passports and tickets (SUSS.OO) were proC essed and we were permitted to board. P ™ gangplank? Silly question number 10109. We stepped directly from dock edge to deck—when the motion of the boat sufficiently closed The last bag of taro was squeezed into the hold, the hatch cover was battened down and its 100 square feet of surface was immediately covered with reed mats to become the communal open air stateroom for some two dozen passengers. As the Rendy pulled away from the dock children were fed and bedded down Adults sat cross-legged, literally cheek by jowel, and talked. And talked And talked A hard-bitten ship’s officer sat on the rail and nipped at a bottle of whisky. I asked him where my berth was. He led me forward; the after portion of the wheelhouse was a small cabin containing four wooden bunks, unfurnished except for thin mats.

Pointing to the upper berth on the port side, he said “one dollar, please”. I glared at him. He then smiled, wished me good night and went back to the rail. After all, he had tried.

It was a dark night. There was no moon. But the sea around us sparkled with phosphorescence, the cloudless sky was strewn with gleaming constellations and the milky way appeared as a giant brush stroke of luminous white paint. The breeze was balmy and heavy with the scent of flowers around the necks and in the hair of the deck passengers. The flying spray was saltily refreshing on my face. The rise and fall of the prow was an exhilarating challenge to my sense of balance.

Turbulent waters Then the Rendy left the quiet Apia harbour, went through the channel in the reef and headed into turbulent waters kicked up by a strong headwind. This wind and matching ocean current always prevails northwest by southeast across the 80 miles of Pacific from the islands of American Samoa to those of Western Samoa.

Navigators from days of old have called sailing against or with this wind and tide going “uphill** or “downhill”.

The 25 milligrams of Avomine I had taken prescribed an hour before sailing were proof against motion, but not the smelly fumes that wafted from the engine room.

I climbed fully clothed into my hard bunk, made a pillow of my briefcase, and tried to sleep. I finally succeeded, only to be wakened at midnight by some oaf asking if I had a match.

After that I got little sleep. The passengers fed the fish with regularity.

First the youngsters, then the teenagers, and finally the oldsters; they • A bustling wharf scene in Pago harbour. The ship is the inter-island trader "Lady Elizabeth". 55 ACIFIC tsLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1989

ANZ BANK

Cheque Accounts

Savings Accounts

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND BANK LIMITED - AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND SAVINGS BANK LIMITED m m m i;' ■ _ 4

A Comprehensive And Progressive Service

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Is Provided At The Following A.N.Z. Bank Branches

PORT MORESBY, A.N.G. House, Hunter and Douglas Streets. BOROKO (Sub-branch), Hubert Murray Highway, Port Moresby. LAE, Cnr. Coronation Drive and 7th Street. BANZ (Agency), Highland Farmers' and Settlers' Association Clubrooms. MADANG, Kasagten Road. MOUNT HAGEN, Main Street. RABAUL, Mango Avenue LAUTOKA, Naviti Street. NADI (Agency), Queen's Road, Nadi. SUVA, Victoria Parade. HONIARA, British Solomon Islands Protectorate. A.N.Z.975

"Handbook Of Fiji"

A comprehensive and authoritative reference book with a wealth of information on Fiji. Price: $2.00, plus 20 cents posted (30 cents to foreign countries) or $2.75 U.S. posted.

PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS PTY. LTD., 29 Alberta Street (G.P.O, Box 3408), Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.

Hotel Tanoa

FIJI Air-conditioned luxury only minutes from Nadi International Airport.

Coming to or passing through Fiji, your first stop should be the Tanoa.

Superb hilltop location. 24-hour meal and room service. Fresh water swimming pool. All the comforts of a modern international hotel . . . music nightly. Fijian entertainment every Saturday night.

Hotel Tanoa

Nadi, Fiji

P.O. Box 211, Nadi Airport.

Cables: TANOA, Fiji. Telex: FJ 1160.

Your Next Leave

Modern up to the minute homes at Palm Beach, Avalon, Newport, Church Point, Mona Vale, etc., available to Island Residents for Holidays. Write for information to: — J. T. STAPLETON PTY. LTD.

ESTATE AGENTS, 133 PITT STREET, SYDNEY, 2000. 25-5305, 25-1737 or any of the Branch Offices located at Mona Vale. Newport, Avalon. Palm Beach 56 FEBRUARY, 1969-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Fiesta Holidays

Sixth Annual Fully Escorted Oriental

Spectacular Holiday

Depart Port Moresby March 27, 1969 for 31 exciting days visiting—DJAKARTA, BALI, SINGAPORE, BANGKOK, JAPAN, TAIWAN & HONG KONG.

Absolutely ALL-INCLUSIVE cost PORT MORESBY —PORT MORESBY: $1,299.

This is definitely the least expensive tour offering more features than any similar holiday—EXTßA BONUS JAPAN AT CHERRY BLOSSOM TIME.

BEAT THE FARE RISE.—As fares could increase in April why not travel in March and be assured of this bargin price.

Some of the highlights of your tour will be the beautiful island of Bali, duty-free shopping in both Singapore and Hong Kong, exploring the Floating Markets of Bangkok, and a voyage along Japan's Inland Sea, not to mention peaceful SUN MOON LAKE in TAIWAN.

It is not long before the tour departs so fill out the coupon below or phone for brochure. $1,294 From Sydney 30 days 28th March, 1969.

TO: FIESTA HOLIDAYS —55 Elizabeth Street, Sydney, 2000.

A division of Australian International Travelcentre.

PLEASE SEND ME BY RETURN AIRMAIL the Fiesta Holidays Sixth Annual Fully Escorted Oriental Spectacular Holiday brochure.

PLEASE TENTATIVELY HOLD/D0 NOT HOLD space on this holiday for persons.

NAME i\DDRESS They were dressed every which way would cough, gag, and gurgle and they seldom reached the rail by the third stage. The noise of the retching and the stink of the vomit were unnerving.

As fate would have it, I slept soundly, beginning at dawn, when I should have been up to take photos of the entrance of Pago Pago harbour, justly famous for its beauty. I had especially wanted a colour shot of the Intercontinental Hotel. I wakened to see it slipping by past the porthole, bounded out onto deck in an instant, but by the time I could focus my camera the picture was no longer possible.

Thoroughly irked. I consigned the whole photograph bit to the nethermost reaches of hell and went to the wheelhouse to chat with the skipper.

He is a half-caste Samoan and his English is good.

The Ready is 74 ft long and 17 ft at her widest. She was built in 1962 near Apia of native hardwoods. She is powered by three diesel engines turning three propellers. Her maximum speed is 10 knots. But we were overloaded that trip and were 12 hours on the 80 mile “uphill” journey.

No bulkheads All the Rendy’s area from stem to stern below deck is cargo space; there are no bulkheads so freight is piled right against the hull.

In addition to the cabin I occupied there is another, also of four bunks, just abaft of midship. It was unoccupied, and for good reason: it is continually saturated with the oily stench from the engine-room below.

Nowhere on that boat could I find any drinking water or a basin. But there is a toilet, a little wooden shanty of a privy at the edge of the stern, its one-hole bench hung out over the sea.

The morning sun brightly limned the harbour and everything about it.

Rainmaker Mountain (Pioa) was a green tower to our right. Conical thatch roofed fales dotted the slope to the left. The gleaming white, yachtlike cruise liner Mariposa was docked just before us. Our little Ready was not much bigger than two of her lifeboats.

Again the pier was a turmoil of laughing, shouting, singing Samoans and a sprinkling of grinning whites.

They were dressed every which way: the men wore shorts, trousers, the wrap-around skirt called the lava lava with or without shirts, or formal business suits. The girls were delights to the eye in blouses and miniskirts or minidresses, chic frocks or pedal pushers; the women almost universally were shapeless and drab in sloppy mother hubbards or blouses and ankle-length black skirts.

The misguided misanthrope who talked the women of the South Seas out of their perfectly appropriate topless grass skirts, and into the uncomfortable and ugly hanks of yardage modelled after prudish Victorian nightgowns should have gone down in a storm at sea on his first voyage.

Where was I? On the Pago Pago pier, waiting for the immigration officers, resplendent in visored police caps with “U.S.A.” emblazened, white shirts, sharply pressed blue trousers and shiny black shoes, to let us go ashore. A toothless old Samoan, whose flapping lava lava showed that he was tattooed in the traditional fashion from knees to waist, capered zanily about yelling “talofa!” (welcome) and mimicking the announcements of the officers.

Then I was in the village of Pago Pago. Overhead the cable car swung midway between Governor’s Hill and Mt. Alava. But down where I stood all was the squalid ugliness of wooden shanties and store buildings that look like a Hollywood studio replica of a down-at-the-heels western town for a shoot-em-up movie; harsh, black macadam streets; drab, grey concrete sidewalks; beer-can littered beach and smelly automobiles.

I went into a store. It was filled with tourists from the Mariposa.

One of them, a fat man smoking a long, odorous cigar, was looking at a pile of bright sport shirts. “How much are they?” he asked. “They are our best, sir,” replied the pretty Samoan girl clerk, “And only $9.98”.

The tourist’s voice dripped with contempt: “Too cheap. Don’t you have any good ones—you know, the kind that cost $3O or $40?” 57 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Blueprint For

SOLOMONS TOURISM Are the British Solomon Islands about to embark upon a comprehensive, Governmentplanned tourist promotion programme—or will tourism, like Topsy, grow of its own accord in that still fairly exclusive comer of the Pacific?

The protectorate’s government is presently considering a report on the subject, prepared by the progressive young managing director of the Fiji Visitors Bureau, Mr. Rory Scott. The reactions of the Solomon Islanders themselves will help the government decide whether his recommendations are acceptable—and desirable.

Mr. Scott’s recently-released blueprint for the development of tourism in the Solomons was prepared after he visited the protectorate in May, 1968, at the request of the government and the Chamber of Commerce. He makes no bones about the need for organised planning of an industry he predicts will expand anyway whether it’s considered desirable or not.

Justified His prediction seems justified—in 1967, only 514 people visited the Solomons purely for pleasure; in 1968, according to Mr. Scott’s calculations, there would have been close to 1,400 visitors in the “pleasure” category.

During the next 12 months, he estimates that the Solomons will have a total of 2,500 visitors (pleasure and business) and by 1973, close to 5,600. He bases these predictions on a 22 per cent, growth rate.

As Mr. Scott points out in his 40-page report, the alternative to letting it happen in a haphazard, unplanned fashion (with a “high probability of the infiltration of many social and moral evils”) would be to plan tourism at government level, thereby ensuring maximum social and economic benefit for the protectorate’s 146,000 people.

He outlined terms of reference for a statutory authority, to be called the Solomon Islands Tourism Authority, with appointments to the board to be made by the High Commissioner and to be comprised of no less than six and no more than 12 members.

These would include a Legislative Council member, a representative of the Honiara Chamber of Commerce and a representative of the Honiara Town Council.

He recommended that for its first full year of operations, the income of SITA should be derived from the following sources: 1. A basic grant of $5,000 from the government. 2. An undertaking by the government to match dollar for dollar, up to a maximum of $2,500, any contribution from commercial, industrial or individual sources.

While listing tourist attractions already available in the Solomons, Mr. Scott urged the establishment of adequate hotel rooms and related facilities, improved airstrips and air communications, improved ground transportation, better shopping and more entertainment. He stressed that a good climate, good scenery and colourful people were not enough by themselves.

During recent years, he pointed out, tourism in the Solomons had been an insignificant earner of foreign revenue.

Yet, he said: “The rate at which the tourist industry could expand during 1968-1969 can only be described as phenomenal”.

This applied particularly to the expected increase in group travel. The number of group tour travellers during the whole of 1967 totalled a mere 40 people. During the first four months of 1968 the Guadalcanal Travel Service (the only agency handling incoming passengers) handled 143 group tour passengers.

From mid ’6B to mid ’69, a total of 1,150 people in the group tour category were expected.

“These figures are extremely conservative and take no account of unannounced plans for the Solomons by several American tour wholesalers,” observed Mr. Scott.

In the event of a “go ahead” decision by the government, the Fiji Visitors Bureau would be happy to give SITA’s executive secretary a two-week training course in Suva, he said.

“Lest there be any misunderstanding of motives, it may be as well to explain the rationale of this offer,” he added.

“Fiij has depended in the past for an increase of tourists on her strategical situation athwart the main Pacific air routes. With the likelihood of a rapid increase of American visitors in the next 3-5 years, this single asset is no longer enough.

"Best insurance"

“Therefore Fiji believes that a group of South Seas territories, each offering competing but inter-related attractions, is the best possible insurance that Americans will continue to flow into the South Seas islands at a swift rate, passing through Fiji for a few days at a time en route.

“Consequently the Fiji Visitors Bureau has a commercial interest in assisting neighbouring islands territories to upgrade their tourist facilities and present their attractions in an effective and stimulating manner.

“In this way we believe that the South Seas Islands will become a must on every Pacific itinerary and that we will derive increased benefits as a result of our mutual cooperation.”

Mr. Scott was enthusiastic about tourist attractions already available in the Solomons and listed among them: • Names like Guadalcanal, Tulagi, Ironbottom Sound, the Slot, New Georgia, Vella Lavella, Savo and Henderson Field—all with wartime associations for thousands of Americans, Australians and other nationals in the 45-50 or more age group. • Magnificent scenery, a profusion of flowers and ferns, pleasant climate, friendly people, traditional Melanesian dwellings and villages. • Currently unpublicised attractions like the pleasant, shady Botanical Gardens and Herbarium Rory Scott 58 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Tourist Launch For Sale

Ideal as a tourist launch, personnel transport or for private cruiser, this vessel is equipped to carry 80 passengers and was recently under Commonwealth Government Department Survey.

Dimensions: Length 60 ft., beam 14 ft. 6 in., draught 4 ft. (approx.).

Engines: Two Gardner 6LW diesel engines installed two years, twin screw. Ruston 6 h.p. auxiliary direct coupled 12 to 24 volt generator.

A good seaboat, originally built in England as a Torpedo Recovery Vessel, this launch has been practically rebuilt during the past three years and is copper sheathed.

PRICE: $28,000 Please write Owners, Box 86, P. 0., Gladesville, N.S.W. 2111.

Introducing CORRASCOPE FILMS in Beautiful Colour! 50 ft. (8 mm.) • 100 ft. (16 mm.) 200 DIFFERENT SUBJECTS Japan Hong Kong Philippines Vietnam Bangkok Singapore Borneo Ceylon India Teheran Greece France Italy Spain Switzerland Netherlands England U.S.A. Panama Peru Bolivia Honolulu Tahiti Fiji, Etc.

Catalogues Upon Request FILMO DEPOT 313 Marine House, Hong Kong (difficult to reach at present because of the lack of any form of public transport). • Areas with historical associations, not necessarily associated with World War 11. These include Point Cruz, where the Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendana landed during 1568. • The nine-mile drive from Henderson Field to Honiara, which Rory Scott described as among the most attractive airport-to-town-centre journeys in the world. • The absence of tipping, the absence of any airport departure tax, hotel room tax or any other direct levy on the visitors; the absence of mosquitoes in Honiara; good, international-standard accommodation at the Mendana Hotel.

The fact that two airlines flying from different directions terminated their services at Honiara placed the Solomons in a fortunate position with regard to attracting a larger share of the world travel market. However, said Mr. Scott, it was expected that by the end of 1968 both airlines— Fiji Airways and Trans-Australia Airlines—would have increased their frequencies and be providing a liftinput capacity “substantially and even alarmingly” in excess of the Solomons’ hotel room capacity.

Speedy remedial measures were already overdue.

Mr. Scott’s message to the protectorate then, is that it won’t be able to avoid dipping its toes into the tourist tide for much longer. Desired or not, the tourist, with camera and tourist dollar, will come. Mr. Scott’s recommendations should have a lot to do with the kind of reception he gets.

THE number of tourists visiting New Caledonia increased 14 per cent, last year, and 141 per cent, over 1966. Of the 17,199 tourists in 1968, almost half were Australians (8,236) followed by New Zealanders (4,030), Americans (2,802) and French (1,052). These visitors stayed an average of eight days in the territory.

In addition, cruise ships brought an estimated 22,758 visitors to the island, with a record influx over 5,000 for the festive month of December. 59 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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February. 1 9 6 9 Pacific Islands Monthly

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The Pacific Islands Monthly does more than just record the South Pacific news. PlM's staff writers analyse significant events from reports received from Islands correspondents, and present the news against the background of the entire Pacific.

Fully illustrated, regular features include all the news of personalities, politics, economics and developments in the South Seas, plus views and comments, and a big section for the practical planter.

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■■■■ Si HSI HIM* I lOJ\ to ISM ■■■% ■ I I I Australia incl. Lord Howe Is. and Thursday Is.

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One Year 54.50 54.00 $5.25 NZ $4.00 $B.OO $9.00 US 660 F. 55/- Stq.

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Islands Monthly”. vears COUNTRY

Pacific Islands Monthly

Box 3408, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W. 2001, Australia. (29 Alberta Street, Sydney 2000.) i I I l l l I l I I J 9 FEBRUARY, 1969—PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

l;krfokdf;lkSTAMPS ISSUED BETWEEN 1960 AND 1966, INCLUSIVE Face Country Number Value $ BSIP 86 19.09 Cook Islands .. 59 36.26 Fiji 58 10.11 French Polynesia .. 53 12.57 Gilbert & Ellice Is. 60 12.84 Nauru 23 4.00 New Caledonia 88 15.53 New Hebrides . 70 9.38 Niue 15 5.75 Norfolk Island . .. 63 9.53 Papua & New Guinea 104 21.31 Pitcairn Island 58 8.37 Tokelau Islands 10 1.00 Tonga 75 23.28 Wallis & Futuna Is. 26 7.06 Western Samoa * * 55 903 8.92 205.00

Where New Issues

CAN BE BOUGHT Aust.

Fiji London NZ BSIP X Cook Fiji X X Fr. Polynesia Gilbert and Ellice ..

X Nauru X New Hebrides X Niue X Norfolk X Papua & New Guinea X X Pitcairn X X Tonga Wallis & Futuna W. Samoa X New Caledonia Tokelau Is X INVESTORS

Give Boost

To Islands

STAMPS By HARRY H. JACKMAN, a Port Moresby collector.

Not only collectors, but now investors, are collecting stamps from the South Pacific, and there is evidence that the Pacific stamp business will continue to boom.

This is a good thing for territories in need of money, and it can be a good thing for both collectors and investors. But there are pitfalls for all three.

Collectors fall into four main categories. They collect: (a) all Pacific territories and countries; (b) British Commonwealth in the Pacific; (c) French Community in the Pacific; and (d) Thematics.

Although Tonga, Western Samoa and Nauru are independent, their stamps are usually included in British Commonwealth collections. Many Australian collectors confine their collecting to issues of Australian territories. Thematic collectors are interested in issues dealing with a special subject, such as butterflies, birds, ships, famous paintings, Red Cross and Olympics, Fair . . . and foul Postal authorities in the Pacific are well aware of trends among collectors and investors, and they use every means, usually fair but sometimes foul, to gain revenue from stamp sales. The days have gone when stamps were only issued to facilitate payment for postal services. Not only commemorative issues but even definitives are now frequently issued to obtain cash from collectors and investors.

During the years 1960 to 1967, a collector would have had to spend more than $205 to buy one copy of every stamp issued, as the following table shows:— The cheapest way of buying stamps is from post offices and philatelic bureaux in the country of issue, or from philatelic agents elsewhere, appointed by the issuing authority. Many dealers in metropolitan countries and the Pacific operate “new issue services”, usually on a deposit made by the customer.

Major dealers who advertise in wellknown philatelic journals, such as The Australian Stamp Monthly, Lynn's Weekly (USA). L’Echo de la Timbrologie (France) and Stamp News (England), give reliable service, but this is not always the case with smaller dealers. The following table shows official points where stamps may be bought. Some will service first-day covers, special postmarks, cancel to order, etc., but others will merely sell new issues, enclosing them or affixing them to envelopes.

NOTE: London buying is for dealers only, at the Crown Agents.

Most collectors are hobbyists but some of them also speculate, and so do a growing number of investors.

A quick glance at a few items selected for the exceptional monetary appreciation shows what investment A recently-issued 5 cent P-NG stamp showing the Conus Marmoreus. • There are stamps and stamps in the Islands. These Tongan stamps are larger than life size—they barely leave enough room for the address. 61 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— FEBRUARY, 1969

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62 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Purchase Present Price Catalogue Stamp Value 1924 GEIC .. .. £1 $172 1925 BSIP .. .. 10/- $ 75 1932 Papua £1 $ 54 1939 New Guinea . 10/- $ 39 1958 P-NG . .. 1/7 $ 17 1960 Norfolk Is. . 2/8 $ 22 in stamps can sometimes, though certainly not frequently, produce: All these stamps were regular issues sold at post offices.

The bobby-dazzler of them all during the past decade was the 1960 Papua & New Guinea 6d postage due stamp, first overprint, whose catalogue value is now $237, but it was issued in error—possibly no more than 25 sheets of 36 stamps each were issued.

Then, too, there have been some errors in overprints, perforations, etc., giving the lucky collector or perhaps just someone buying a stamp to stick on an envelope, a far better return than any mining share speculation.

Examples of genuine bonanza stamps are the 1939 BSIP 2id definitive stamp imperforated between two stamps, now catalogued at $B6O, and the 1960 Papua & New Guinea 6d postage due stamp, double overprint, now catalogued at $526.

Doubtful parentage Others, but of doubtful parentage, are the 1960 Papua & New Guinea 3d postage due, double overprint ($215), the 1962 Tonga officials, set of six with face value of £l/16/7 ($592) and the 1966 Cook Islands lOd Churchill commemorative, double overprint ($430).

I would not fork out my bawbees for them but there are some collectors and investors who would.

Lest the parents of those stamps take umbrage, let me say that the Papua & New Guinea stamp was not obtainable through normal purchase at a post office; the Tongan set could not be bought at post offices either; and the 1966 postal situation in the Cook Islands has been mentioned on occasions in PIM.

Collectors of Pacific stamps often find it difficult to obtain their wants through exchange with other collectors, because genuine postal use, especially in the smaller islands, does not result in enough stamps to satisfy demand by collectors.

Philatelic sales will, therefore, continue to be a worthwhile money spinner for governments in our part of the world, provided that issuing authorities do not kill the goose that lays the golden egg (read: buys stamps for non-postal use).

The postal authorities of several Pacific countries give very good service to collectors—and the New Hebrides deserves special praise.

Some postal authorities, however, need to adopt more ethical practices, and/or could do with a management consultant.

Several have become too greedy for revenue from philatelic sales and are issuing far too many and often also too expensive stamps. -r , , y . , , Qirp^?v a inft nd c^r?°° k „ Is ands bav ® r , lc ! st . some collector support and the issuing policies of several New r“ e L n °l ably Pap f ua * The ° ne f zrussgfsjs .sirs, g decline in value.

A change m policy by the local postal authority from moderatelypriced and infrequent issues, to a spate of expensive ones, can quickly change the market value of previous issues and leave investors high and dry. (I hope the right person on Nauru is reading this).

Secondly, catalogue values are not necessarily a useful indication of actual cash value to the investor.

Take the 1963 Papua & New Guinea £1 definitive stamp. Its present catalogue value is $12.90, but Australian dealers sell it for $4.50 and an investor would be lucky to receive more than $2.75 from a dealer.

T Investment in stamps, like investment in shares, requires sound knowledge of the commodity, its past performance and present supply/ demand situation, and an informed guess about its future. It is definitely not a mug’s game.

Judging by their past record, Gilbert & Ellice Islands and BSIP stamps are a good bet, with the latter being in great demand by Australian as well as British collectors, Indeed, the increasing popularity °f Pacific stamps, especially those of several English-speaking countries, among American collectors, makes issues controlled by metropolitan countries a safe, though not spectacular investment opportunity.

The best prospect of all seems to be Norfolk Island. An Australian lss collectors alone assures a bright future for Norfolk Island stamps even though their past rate of monetary appreciation, unequalled by any other country in the Pacific, is unlikely to be kept up.

I personally collect the stamps of French colonies and territories in the Pacific because they are among the best desi gned and produced and there bas as ye . l b . een n ° funny business by lssum g authorities. Then, l ?°' th f y are very expensive as demai ? d b V collectors in Europe, America and elsewhere is less than that . for British Commonwealth and ass °c iated issues.

Even s °’ th ? T very early lssues are expensive. Has anyone seen the 25 centimes stamp of the 1893 Tahiti issue? It’s catalogued at s4,ooo—the most expensive stamp ever issued in the Pacific. Vive la France!

The stamps on this handsome Cook Islands first day cover are full colour reproductions of some of Gauguin's paintings. 63 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

FIAT CONCESSIONAIRE

American Samoa

Silver Star Transport Inc., P.O. Box CB-4, PAGO PAGO.

AAotibhai & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 40, BA.

New Caledonia

Agence Automobile S.A., P.O. Box 842, NOUMEA.

New Guinea

H.C. Motors, P.O. Box 431, LAE.

Andersons (Pacific) Trading Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 223, RABAUL.

New Hebrides

Societe Bourgeois & Cie., P.O. Box 28, PORT VILA.

New Zealand

Torino Motors Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 6240, AUCKLAND.

Norfolk Island

Red Rental Ltd., P.O. Box 147, NORFOLK ISLAND, PAPUA John Buchan Motors Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 102, PORT MORESBY.

Solomon Islands

Chan Wing Motors Ltd., P.O. Box 820, HONIARA.

TAHITI Societe Poroi & Wan, P.O. Box 83, PAPEETE.

Western Samoa

E. A. Coxon & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 38, APIA.

Spirited Meeting Of Bsip

Legislative Council

Last year’s final get-together in Honiara of the BSIP’s Legislative Council produced some spirited chinwagging from Solomon Island members, particularly on a governmentintroduced Forestry Draft White Paper. Opposition was so strong on the fixing of “forest areas” in the paper that Mr.

K. Trenaman, Conservator of Forests, had to add a significant new amendment to the paper before it was eventually carried.

Emphasising the protectorate’s bright timber prospects, the paper aimed at preserving timber reserves.

North Guadalcanal’s Baddeley Devesi, North-West’s George Siama, South Guadalcanal’s Leone Laku and North Central Malaita’s Archdeacon Peter Thompson all combined to oppose the paper.

General argument was that it was an infringement on the rights of ownership that land owners in a declared forest area (where timber was to be preserved) should not be allowed to do what they wanted with the trees on their land.

Government answer was that timber would have to be preserved for 35 years, until newly-planted trees grew big enough for felling.

Mr. Siama complained that under the declared areas’ section of the paper, Solomon Islanders would have to get a permit to cultivate their own land.

Who wants tourists?

Mr. Devesi called for the declared forest areas of Guadalcanal to be “wiped off the map” and he said the paper would “stir up trouble” rather than promote peace and security.

And Mr. Laku said Solomon Islanders didn’t know what “forestry” was and added that they “didn’t like it”.

Finally, Mr. Trenaman came to the rescue. Declared forest areas were out, he said. Instead he introduced a limited system of licensing the felling of trees for sale.

That was OK, said council, and the paper of forestry policy was passed.

Members also commented at length on Mr. T. Russell’s Appropriation Bill for 1969 (P/M, Jan., p. 26), and were divided on the pros and cons of tourism.

To South Malaita’s David Kausimae, tourism would “ruin the customs of the people”. A “tourist paradise” was not wanted. To Makira’s Jack Campbell, tourism brought “dangers which could not be overlooked” and to Isabel-Russells’

Willie Betu tourism was “like the goldrushes in Australia and America years ago.” Solomon Islanders must not miss chances of “getting rich from it,” even if tourism caused problems, he said.

Mr. Devesi noted that current arrangements for tourists were unsatisfactory because tourists to the Solomons were currently shown Gilbertese and not Solomons dancing.

Members generally opposed the new import duties on flour and rice and asked instead that an increased import duty be imposed on luxury goods (they took a hiding last year).

Mr. R. Borrow-Wilkes, Comptroller of Customs, said that if this were done fewer luxury goods would be imported (since only a limited amount of money is available in the Solomons for luxury goods) with the result that revenue earnings from such an increase would not be nearly high enough.

On the other hand, he pointed out, large quantities of flour and rice had to be imported and the new duties on these commodities would bring in the extra revenue needed—and spread the tax burden fairly.

The protectorate’s scant mineral prospects looked less scant after Mr.

D. H. Hibbert, Director of Geological Surveys, told the council that the recent aero-geophysical survey had turned up bauxite traces on the Rennells and copper deposits on Guadalcanal.

Better still, he said, mining companies (Japan’s Mitsui Company) would investigate the copper, spending about $120,000 in the BSIP. 64 FEBRUARY. 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Geic'S Education Crisis

Worries The Missions

By KEN McGREGOR Education in the GEIC is facing a crisis, according to the Roman Catholic and Protestant Missions which carry most of the education burden.

Roman Catholic schools, where twice as many primary schoolchildren are educated as at government schools and which turn out almost as many secondary schoolchildren as the government, may gradually be closed down.

Roman Catholic administrators at Tarawa, faced with a pathetic $19,000 government subsidy a year for their schools and a “no policy” answer on future education costs from the government and Britain, are currently deciding if it is worthwhile to continue their extensive education system in the GEIC.

The Catholic disillusionment with GEIC education follows the decision taken four years ago by the London Missionary Society to phase out its numerous primary or “village” schools (mostly in the Ellice Group) over a 10-year period.

On Tarawa late last year I talked to Bishop Pierre Guichet, in charge of Catholic operations, and the Reverend Brian Ranford, in charge of the bulk of Protestant operations.

Both expressed regret that the GEIC Government had not taken a big hand in education and had not announced any firm policy to take over schools in the future.

Bishop Guichet, who had just returned from London where he made an abortive attempt to get Britain to recognise the GEIC’s education dilemma, said he was completely disheartened by the GEIC Government’s attitude to taking a bigger share of education.

"Talked and talked"

“I have talked and talked to top people here and in Britain,” he said. ‘They all listen and that’s all that is done.”

He said between them the two missions educated about 11,000 primary pupils out of a total of about 13,000 school-going primary population. They educated 300 secondary pupils out of a tiny total of about 500.

“Catholics and government each have one teacher-training college. We have 49 trainees and the government 56. We each have two secondary schools, we have 180 pupils and the government 198.

“Government has 29 primary schools, we have 94. Here Catholics educate 5,979 children, government educates 2,454.”

Bishop Guichet said his mission had received $19,508 as a government subsidy for its schools and teaching in 1968, whereas $326,041 had been spent by the government on its own schools during the year.

He said the recent Education Advisory Committee in the GEIC had no powers—decisions rested still with the Resident Commissioner, Mr. Val Andersen.

A finance scheme for construction of primary schools between his mission and the GEIC Government had been suspended, without prior notification to him, and funds that were previously distributed to the Catholics and Island councils were now going solely to the councils.

Bishop Guichet said Catholic schools cost at least $50,000 annually to maintain. His last request for an increase in his mission subsidy had been refused. Now he has to decide whether to continue shouldering the GEIC’s education or to close Catholic schools and put the money to another use, such as social welfare programmes.

Taken over Rev. Brian Ranford told me the GEIC Government would just “have to” take a bigger hand in education.

“Our network of primary schools is slowly being taken over by Island councils which are financed party by local taxes and, for things like education, by money from Tarawa,” he said.

He said there were no plans to scrap the Protestant High Schools at Bern, Gilberts, or Vaitupu, Ellice, or a theological college on Tarawa.

Mr. Ranford said it was a pity govement had not come in before in a bigger way. If Catholics pulled out of education, it would be nothing short of a tragedy should the government not come in to take their place, he said.

Tragedy or no tragedy, it seems likely that the GEIC Government will have to face up to spending far more than it does on education. Recommendation of the Mooring socioeconomic report that the percentage of current expenditure on education of a paltry 11.7 per cent, be increased to 15 per cent. does not seem nearly enough.

A Catholic pullout would require double this amount—some $600,000.

It’s no secret that since the 1870’s missions have done far more educating than the government in the GEIC —and they still do. It follows, surely, that the government should not these days leave the bulk of schooling costs to the missions.

Education is a government responsibility. Someone in Tarawa (or is it Britain?) should face that.

GEIC'S "forgotten" schools Outer island schools were “forgotten” by education people on Tarawa, the GEIC’s administrative capital, Miss Kaennang Kirab u k e , 23, teacher at Nonouti’s Island Council school, said in December.

She said that not enough books and magazines were sent to her primary school pupils, and that the colony’s news letter, Colony Information Notes, arrived weeks, and sometimes months, late.

“Here on Nonouti the children need something more to read than just text books,” she said.

“One of our main objects is to teach them English. The brighter boys and girls learn fast but they have nothing to read other than text books to keep them active.

“It’s a shame Tarawa doesn’t send us more ClN’s. The three teachers at the school get two between them, that’s all. No ClN’s come for the children.

“Our lack of reading material is just one of many things here that make us feel that no one outside Nonouti cares whether the atoll’s many children are educated or not.” 67 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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Trials And Tribulations

Of Fiji Football

By FRANK TINSLEY, in Suva.

A stranger to Fiji, watching a Rugby match, is almost always assured of exciting entertainment, but very often he is in for some surprises that have nothing to do with the game itself.

If a player is injured and has to leave the field, he will usually strip otf his jersey and hand it to the stripped-to-the-wai&t substitute as he jogs on to the field. The “sub” wriggles into the jersey and carries on in his second-hand, sweat-soaked, and often rain-drenched, garment.

Unfortunately, this unhygienic practice is accepted without protest by Fiji players because many of them cannot afford to buy jerseys (or shorts either, for that matter), and their impecunious clubs often cannot afford to stock sufficient gear to ensure each player his own outfit.

Gratitude With jerseys so precious, it was with great gratitude that the new Navua Rugby sub-union last year took delivery of an unexpected consignment of 19 brand-new jerseys sent as a gift by the Marist Football Club of Wellington, NZ.

The NZ club had heard that the Navua sub-union was finding it difficult to clothe its representative team in green jerseys (green is the subunion’s colour).

A sub-union representative hurried to the Suva Customs on hearing that a package was awaiting collection there, paid the £7 duty demanded on the contents, and hurried back to Navua. Next day the rep. team proudly appeared in their new green garments. There were enough to go round—even for the substitutes!

No boots, no points Before a team from Fiji left to tour New Zealand, I gave a player two vests to help keep him warm in the colder clime to which he was going.

On his return, I asked the player, “And how were the vests?”

He replied, “They were fine, but as I and a club friend didn’t have jerseys of our own I gave him one and we’re now using them for Rugby training. They make fine jerseys!”

Rugby boots are also short in Fiji and often players, sometimes whole teams, play in bare feet.

The Navua sub-union ordered all club players to appear in boots by a certain date last year, or their club would be docked competition points.

This was fine for the good name of Fiji Rugby but young players from a club in the hill country suffered as a result of the ruling. Rather than miss a game, they turned up barefoot. They won the game—and then were docked the precious points they had gained!

"Terrible"

But the sub-union’s severity had a happy outcome.

A lady, who read of the boot ruling, in The Fiji Times, declared that she thought it “terrible that keen young players should lose their points just because they had no money for boots.”

And she did something about the terrible situation. She signed a cheque for boots for the team (and she insisted upon remaining anonymous).

If keenness is any qualification for charity, then these young players certainly had charity coming to them.

Though they have little money, they will beg, borrow or draw from their meagre savings £1 to get them to Navua and back for a game. 11-hour journey Starting early in the morning, they tramp for four hours over rough country, then board a river boat for a ride of one-and-a-half hours to a spot near the playing field.

After 80 minutes’ Rugby, they set out on their si-hour journey back home. The boat trip cost them 10/each way.

Odds are that these days the It's the message that counts Christmas telephone calls made by people in Fiji to relatives and friends overseas totalled 254 compared with 249 last year. (The figure is for the number of calls made between noon on Christmas Day and noon on Boxing Day).

The total included 127 calls to New Zealand; 82 to Australia; 23 to Britain; 18 to the USA and four to Canada.

But there were 27 cancellations of telephone bookings which had been made in advance.

Fijians are very keen on Rugby—so keen that sometimes whole teams will play barefoot. The picture is of a match between Fiji and Tonga (Fiji in black shorts). 69 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

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players are making their 11-hour round trip with lighter heart, for they have with them their new boots, and in their hearts kind thoughts for their anonymous “Fairy Godmother” in Suva.

Yet another kind deed connected with Fiji Rugby was revealed when a crate containing £5O worth of books arrived at Daviqele District School, Kadavu. The books were the gift of Eddy Whatarau, captain of the Whakarewarewa, NZ Rugby team which toured Fiji in March, and of his team-mates.

Promised to help Eddy, who had toured Fiji and Tonga in 1960 with the Maori All Blacks, and who teaches school at Rotorua, had visited the Daviqele school during his tour last year, and had promised to help it. The NZ team donated £2O on the spot to the school, then returned home. But they didn’t forget Daviqele.

The books arrived mid-year with a letter from Eddy Whatarau, in which he mentioned “our unforgettable memories of Nabukelevu” (where they had played). It added that the team were still talking about Kadavu and the Fijian people, and that they would remember for the rest of their lives the kindness and hospitality they enjoyed there.

W. Samoa gets more Peace Corpsmen The third group of Peace Corps workers to arrive in Western Samoa was expected to land at Apia in mid-January.

The group comprises 12 men —ll trained intermediate teachers and one accountant.

The teachers will extend the present mathematics and science curricula of local intermediate schools. They will work in conjunction with the UNESCO school science programme.

Shortly after their arrival, the American teachers were to attend a mass course of teachers.

Peace Corps workers already on Western Samoa's teaching strength were also to attend.

End the Problem of Cockroaches rie cockroach is undoubtedly one of the most detestable of household insect pests, and an acknowledged carrier of the germs of typhoid, cholera, gastro-enteritis and pathogens of polio. He frequently hides near sinks, boilers and hot-water pipes, inside the motor compartments of refrigerators or in radio cabinets, because he favours any nook or cranny that is warm or damp.

He runs with a swiftness that sometimes defeats the human eye, can safely submerge in water and emerge unscathed from fire.

Today, as always, the roach is disconcertingly at home in the habitations of man. He thrives on a bewilderingly varied diet—paint, soap, toothpaste, newspapers, old shoes, wood, ink, book-covers— and even the skin he casts off from time to time. He has a fetid odour that is unmistakable and he invariably taints any food that he finds in his wanderings around the home.

If there is no food at all available, roaches can still exist for months on end without visible ill-effect, a fact that is not really so surprising when you consider that they were in reality among the first of the earth’s inhabitants and have been cleverly learning the art of survival for three hundred and fifty million years.

You can’t possibly escape them —they are found from the middle stretches of the Sahara to the icy wastes of Siberia. Archaeologists, delving into the conditions prevalent a mere two million years back, have found the fossilised remains of cockroaches in coal veins which establish that these amazing insects actually reached a length of twelve inches in the dim and distant ages.

Although in past milleniums the world has found it impossible to be finally rid of these insect pests with their amazing ability to dodge annihilation, it is a proven fact that today cockroaches cannot withstand the death-dealing properties of Pea-Beu aerosol spray.

They fall easy pray to the quick, powerful killing action of this deep-penetrating insecticide and cannot build up any sort of immunity to it.

In the world-wide laboratories of A.N.I. Chemical Research, safe, fine-mist Pea-Beu spray was found to be capable of ridding homes of every type of insect pest on a pattern analogous to fumigation.

Its wide “umbrella-spreading” action is particularly invaluable and it has the ability to permeate into cracks and crevices to seek out and destroy even invisible and often unsuspected infestations.

Economically advantageous because of its high concentration and fine-mist distribution, Pea-Beu aerosol spray may be easily and safely used to keep kitchen, pantry, living-room, bedroom, nursery and cellar pest-free. Pea-Beu in aerosol and powder form is safe to use in the presence of children, food and pets, and is available from chemists and leading stores. 71 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969 NZ team's gift

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Tongans Angry

At Peace Corps

DISMISSALS Tempers are still pretty high among residents of Vavau, Tonga, over the premature departure of six popular US Peace Corps workers in early December.

The workers, five young men and one young woman, were hustled out of the kingdom following investigations by the Rev. Layton Zimmer, Peace Corps Director for Tonga, into rumours that the six were involved with the much-publicised drug marihuana.

Mr. Zimmer made a two-day investigation into the allegations on Vavau and he declared that he was satisfied these volunteers were not involved with the drug.

However, a week later, the six workers received cables from Nukualofa terminating their service in Tonga and ordering them to leave Vavau.

The workers were Paul Pulati, teacher at the Wesleyan College, Stan Bissell, teacher at Tuunuku Village, Cole Walker and Robert Linden, workers with the Department of Agriculture and Robert Ranieri, teacher at Kelana Catholic High School, and his wife, Charlotte, teacher at the Neiafu primary school.

Cleared Two days before they left Vavau the Catholic Mission gave a party for them at which many Tongan friends wept. All present expressed pride in the work they had done on Vavau, including Father George Caillet, head of the Catholic Mission, and Esau Tupou, Vavau’s acting governor.

Before they left, all were given hand-delivered letters from Mr.

Zimmer. The letters cleared them of marihuana charges, but Stan Bissell was accused of having explained to Tongan friends what marihuana was, and the Ranieris were accused of being disliked by Tongans—an accusation that was news to most Tongans.

Neither Stan Bissell nor the 73 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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Rainieris were given an opportunity to defend themselves.

Mrs. Patricia Matheson, a longtime American resident of Vavau, wrote a protest letter to Mr. Zimmer over the affair and said his actions were “those of an agent of a police state”.

“The manner in which you have railroaded the six volunteers out of the country without giving them an opportunity either to settle their affairs or to present to Tongan government representatives their side of the case is contrary to democratic practices,” she said. “Every man, whatever his crime, deserves a hearing.”

Mrs. Matheson said the Vavau people simply could not understand the US, which sent the Peace Corps to help, and now arbitrarily disgraced and dismissed the Ranieris, who had become “so loved, so valued and a part of the community”.

She said she knew the Ranieris well: they were honest, and “very clean physically, mentally and morally”, and were ideal ambassadors for the US.

She said residents of Vavau were ashamed of the whole affair.

"Kava Bowl" gridiron in Am. Samoa American Samoa’s first “Kava Bowl” gridiron football competition, in December, turned into a hard-fought defensive battle, after Mapusaga racked up two first-period touchdowns to defeat the Samoan High School 13-0.

The game, a climax to the first season of American football played by local high schools, was played at Mapusaga field and drew several hundred spectators.

Mapusaga’s crack player, Tafai, notched up two scores —both on long end sweeps.

The first came within minutes of the opening when he ran about 50 yards to score.

Minutes later he scored on a 20-yard end run. Jackson Mapu went around left end for the extra point.

From then on the game became a defensive challenge for both sides. There were a number of clashes and many penalties but Stan Eckert, supervisor of recreation for the Department of Education, said that generally the standard of sportsmanship was good. 75 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— FEBRUARY, 1969

PIM POINTS

Palau: Do Not Touch

The recent International Biological Programme meeting in Palau, in the US Trust Territory, urged the Trust Territory Government to reconsider its permit to conduct phosphate prospecting in the Palau area.

In September, 1967, the Trust Territory granted a prospecting permit to Continental Minerals, Inc., to make tests throughout the unique Rock Islands area of Palau.

The meeting’s resolution is consistent with the idea that the area around coral reefs should not be tampered with unless it is known what the effects will be.

Although the Trust Territory has included such precautionary measures in its permit, the scientists protested against the agreement on the grounds that it may lead to mining and drastic interference with such a large area of valuable national environment before a thorough ecological (or balance of life) study has been made.

The Trust Territory, in anticipating a possibility of creating an ecological imbalance, insisted on safeguards written into the agreement which give the Trust Territory’s Fisheries Management Biologist the right to suspend exploratory activities “on the spot” if he “determines such activities are harming the ecological balance in the lagoon areas”.

The scientific group urged that studies be made before the prospecting begins.

Many expressed the view that the area would ultimately have more value to Palau as a tourist attraction than an area for mining the nonrenewable resource, phosphate.

Along similar lines, one biologist said mining might affect the coral reef and the bait fish which support the existing tuna industry.

Ocean Island: Poor Relations

Relations between Banabans and British Phosphate Commissioners on Ocean Island aren’t what they should be.

On a recent trip to the island, on the GEIC’s 71-toner Tautunu, a PIM staff writer found that relations between Mr. Len Withers, manager of Ocean’s BPC operations, and Abitiai Tabore, 37, the Banabans’ representative for land matters, were, to say the least, strained.

PI M’s staff writer talked to Mr.

Withers and Abitiai in Mr. Withers’ air-conditioned BPC headquarters office. Abitiai said little, and he agreed with virtually everything Mr.

Withers said about the “good times” between the BPC and the Banabans.

At a later cocktail party, when PlM's man spoke to Abitiai alone, the thoughtful Banaban was a different man. “I am almost a prisoner of the BPC here”, he said. “Cables sometimes don’t reach me from my bosses on Rabi, Fiji, and I am not consulted on many things the BPC is doing with our land here”.

Abitiai, who arrived on Ocean midway through last year as Banaban land representative, said there was too much “secrecy” about operations, particularly phosphate output.

“I think the BPC are stepping up production of phosphate too fast,” he said. “Because my people have been making news with calls for more money and independence, the BPC want to finish Ocean off quickly.

Then we will have nothing to bargain about—our riches will have gone.”

Whether Abitiai is right or wrong, there is certainly an atmosphere of hush-hush on Ocean Island. Australian workers at the BPC office admitted that very few except those “at the top” knew what was going on. “It’s all politics now”, they shrugged.

One thing was certain: lack of unanimity between Abitiai and Mr.

Withers and the added lack of understanding between Ocean’s BPC and Tarawa’s GEIC administration make affable Tom Ainsworth’s first GEIC assignment DC, Ocean Island a difficult one.

Suva: What Next, Mr. Hendon?

New arrivals in Suva in January from Sydney were Mr. Hal Hendon and his bride-to-be Maria Resina, formerly of Rotuma.

Behind them, the couple left four months’ work operating Sydney’s first Fiji Restaurant, set in an “Island Centre” Mr. Hendon had built in the shopping heart of the plush suburb, Mosman.

When things were going well, the centre consisted of a Pacific Islands artifacts shop, a discotheque, a snack bar and a rooftop reception area decorated with Fijiana.

But the big thing was always the Fiji Restaurant decorated with turtle shells, Fiji clubs, spears and pictures, triton shell lights and drums.

“Genuine” Fiji dishes were offered and Sydney’s Fiji Visitors Bureau lent Mr. Hendon a huge wooden figure of a Fiji warrior, which was proudly displayed outside the restaurant.

The restaurant opened with extravagent $2O-a-head charity dinners for the city’s top socialites.

Advertisements appeared in Sydney newspapers singing the praise of the Fiji dishes and the Islands decor.

Mr. Hendon was the managing director of Fiji Enterprises Ltd., owner of the $250,000 setup, Maria Resina was the restaurant’s interior decorator-cum-hostess, and Bill Matthias, a former Fiji entertainer, was the manager of the restaurant But somehow the operation didn’t click. Sydney’s Fiji Visitors Bureau received phone calls from Sydney people saying that the food was either poorly cooked, not genuinely Fijian or too dear. Other restaurateurs said that the Fiji Restaurant was too big and its prices too high.

Then the discotheque closed, the snack bar closed and the artifacts shop closed. All were rented to outsiders for office space.

In December came the biggest blow of all—Mr. Hendon leased the restaurant to a Sydney caterer, Mr.

Neil Kerslake, and announced he was off to Fiji. Mr. Kerslake said that the future of the little bit of Fiji in Sydney was “undecided”. It’s doubtful if the Fiji Restaurant has long to live.

And what of Mr. Hendon’s plans for Fiji, where for some time he worked for an import-export business? “I might examine the making of ferro-cement boats or even take up hotel interests”, he told PIM.

Whatever he decides on, Mr.

Hendon seems certain to make news one way or another in Suva. 76 FEBRUARY. 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Magazine Section • Japanese are visiting P-NG in increasing numbers each year.

Many of those who make the journey have some sentimental reason for doing so, having either served there or having lost loved ones there during World War 11. This story, by "KAKATA", was prompted by the visit to Bougainville in 1966 of a party of Japanese, sponsored by the “Survivors of Bougainville Association".

The Japanese Are Returning To P-Ng

To Pay Homage To Their Dead

The Japanese who visit Bougainville Island, P-NG, do so to pay homage to the 18,300* Japanese who died there during World War 11, and to collect some of their remains for reinterment in Japan.

What diverse memories must accompany those visitors, particularly those who fought on Bougainville during the War. Like all old soldiers re-visiting past battlefields, they must remember the glory they had once proclaimed. The Japanese must also remember it being smashed in Bougainville’s dank, tropical jungles.

In the critical days of the Pacific War, the fate of the Japanese homeland was linked with that of distant Bougainville. “Japan will topple if Bougainville falls,” Rear-Admiral Matsuji Ijuin predicted in 1943.

Started schools The war came to Bougainville in March, 1942, when Japanese troops landed at Buka Passage. Soon they had established themselves in many parts of the island and it seemed that Bougainville would become part of the “Greater South-East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere.”

For the first year, the Japanese had a fairly easy time in Bougainville.

Much of it was spent consolidating their positions along the coast and patrolling the hinterland in search of the Coastwatchers who incessantly spied on their air and sea movements.

They found time to start schools for native children. These institutions, ex-pupils have told me, specialised in the teaching of callisthenics, the art of bowing, and the rudiments of the Japanese language.

The soldiers, and the non-combatant coolies who accompanied them as labourers, formed roads and neatly cobbled them with river stones. They dug gun emplacements, made aerodromes and built Shinto Shrines.

They re-named the countryside with names meaningful only to themselves. In their leisure time they swam > fished with hand-grenades, and sang the lilting f°lk-songs of Japan, But all this was to change. By August, 1942, the Americans had commlnced “oodytrek akJna the ‘Wle loJi * “ General Eichelberger so aptly described it.

Along that road lay Bougainville and it was there, at Empress Augusta Bay, that the Americans landed on November 1, 1943.

A year later, in November, 1944 the Australian 11th Brigade relieved _ The official Australian estimation some sources put Japanese losses on Bougainville as high as 30,000 dead The waste of war . These Japanese were killed at the battle of Alligator Creek in the BSIP: many thousands of others died throughout the Pacific. Today the Japanese are returning to the old battlefields—and in particular to the battlefields of P-NG —to honour their dead. 85 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1969

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Skulls for 50 cents the Americans who were by that time committed to the island hopping thrust towards the Japanese mainland.

It was the Australians, supported by Allied specialist units and echelons of the Papuan Infantry, who maintained the offensive against the invaders until Japan finally toppled in August, 1945. By then only 23,571 of the estimated 65,000 Japanese troops on Bougainville at the time of die American invasion remained.

The “Survivors of Bougainville Association” party, which visited Bougainville in 1966, was able to collect a number of skeletons, and parts of others* They paid the natives 50 cents for each skull they were able to find and deliver to them.

They brought with them maps and charts showing where their dead had been buried, and with the help of these they were able to locate a number of war cemetries and individual graves.

But they collected an infinitesimal number of skeletons compared with the thousands which lie buried throughout the island.

I wonder if that party visited Slaters Knoll where 292 of their comrades were buried after that fateful weekend in April, 1945, when elements of the Japanese 6th Division attacked the Australian 25th Infantry Battalion which was entrenched on the knoll.

If they did they would have been disappointed upon finding that the mass graves there had long since eroded and collapsed into the Puriata River. Nevertheless, if they had raked over the sand on the river bank they would have found many relics of these men. When I visited the knoll some years ago there were belt buckles, tobacco tins, cartridges, grenades, and the skeletons of perhaps 10 men, protruding from the earth.

Marked the grave Perhaps they recovered the remains of the soldier lying next to the Jaba Road between Morotona Mission and the west coast. A road gang uncovered his bones some years ago. It is possible that this man once owned the corroding water bottle which lay nearby in a native garden. Someone had jabbed a garden fork through it but this had not disfigured the owner’s name which was still discernible, scratched in Japanese characters through the faded brown paint.

They may also have exhumed the two skeletons buried near the Boku Road. These were unearthed in 1962 by a road gang repairing that section of the road known as the “Hatai Track” to the Australians who fought along it during the war. The natives had carefully re-buried them and marked each grave by placing a rusting helmet on a stick above it.

A young marine If they had visited Watagu Plantation near the Buka Passage they may have been searching for the remains of a young marine whose bones had rested on a mantle of leaves all those years.

He had been a machine-gunner.

Near the bones of his outstretched arm lay a loaded magazine, and from his belt hung a leather pouch containing a machine-gun breechblock.

Where one of his pockets had been lay a small glass phial witjh a medicated powder in it. Most of it had been used, undoubtedly to disinfect the cuts and scratches which become the plague of the jungle fighter.

However, the last wound he received was beyond attention so the little phial, and the accroutrements nearby, lay over the years in mute testimony to one man’s struggle to fight—and to survive.

The “Survivors” would no doubt have visited the war cemetery behind Patupatuai Mission at Buin where the Chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, was once buried.

Yamamoto was shot down over South Bougainville in April, 1943, during a flight from Rabaul to Kahili. His remains were cremated and placed under a concrete obelisk until being returned to Japan in 1955.

Ashamed . . . and proud So the reminiscences could continue—each a tragedy with a human life lost, each bearing witness to the futility of military aggrandisement.

The “Survivors of Bougainville” might well feel ashamed of the horror and suffering which they once brought to the native inhabitants of the island, and to those settlers who lived peacefully amongst them. On the other hand, they might feel justifiably proud that as soldiers, fighting in a far-off land, they had acquitted themselves well: for the “jungle road to Tokyo” was opened —but only after a lot of hard-felt opposition.

The American Marines landing on the west coast of Bougainville in November, 1943. 87 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY-P E B R U A R Y , 1969

The Bell Of

The "Salamis"

Starts A Hunt

Into History

By W. H. WATSON, in Rarotonga.

The world is a small place, they say. And “they” know what they are talking about, as I discovered on a trip with my wife from Cairns to Hong Kong on the Francis Drake. The world was reduced considerably in size on that voyage—almost, you might say, to the size of a captain’s table. For my wife and I were seated at the captain’s table and this small fact triggered off a series of coincidences and opened some doors on Islands shipping history.

The captain turned out to be G. O.

Gatehouse and it didn’t take me very long to recognise him. I’d met him 38 years previously in the Cook Islands when he was a cadet on the Union Company’s Waipahi, and I was a passenger.

During an evening of Islands reminiscences he told me of how many years earlier he had gone ashore on Atiu, in the Cook Islands, and had noticed that one of the churches used an old ship’s bell. To his surprise—and delight—the inscription on the bell read: “ Salamis, 1875, Aberdeen. Walter Hood and Co., Aberdeen”. The wool clipper Salamis was the ship that his grandfather had served on as an apprentice, and over the years he had often wished that he owned the bell. He told me that he was prepared to exchange it for a larger and better bell. I said that I would help him..

I wrote to Mr. O. A. Dare, then Resident Commissioner of the Cook Islands (1961-1965), and told him the story. He wrote to me and said that although some of the older Atiu residents remembered the bell, it had been missing for many years.

A month after writing to me, Mr.

Dare visited Atiu with the Cook Islands’ Executive Committee. On the island, the committee was billeted in the Sunday School, but one member, who had his fingers crushed coming ashore, was allocated a small unused room to himself.

Mr. Dare called to see the injured man, and, while talking to him, noticed some silver cups and other bits and pieces lying in the corner.

“Having a natural curiosity,” Mr.

Dare later wrote to me, “I wandered over to see what the cups were for.

I picked up a very nice bell . . . and lo and behold there was the name — ‘Salamis , 1875, Aberdeen’.”

Interest roused Mr. Dare consulted church leaders and they agreed to exchange their Salamis bell for the one offered by Captain Gatehouse. The exchange has since taken place.

This happy ending might have been the finish of the story but for the fact that my interest in the Salamis had been roused. I was determined to learn more about the old ship.

So I wrote to friends in Scotland to make inquiries about her early history and they came up with some interesting news. Firstly, the builders of the Salamis, Walter Hood and Company, had been incorporated in the Hall Russells shipbuilding firm.

My friends were told by Hall Russells to see an issue of Compass, the house journal of the Mobil Oil Company, in which there was a two-page article on the Salamis, plus a wonderful colour print of the ship reproduced from the original painting by A. I.

Sparling.

My friends sent me the story from which I discovered that the Salamis had been built by Walter Hood for the Aberdeen White Star Line.

Measuring 221.6 ft long, by 36 ft wide, by 21.7 ft deep, she weighed 1,130 gross tons.

Her owners had intended her for the same round as the Thermopylae —out to Melbourne with general cargo, across to China with coal and then back to England with tea.

"Cutty Sark"

But by 1875 the steamers had got a firm hold on the tea trade and the clippers were either being driven away into other trades or else had to content themselves with loading at a cut rate during the north-east monsoon. The Cutty Sark and the Thermopylae were among the very few clippers still loading tea in 1875. [The only time the Salamis took a tea cargo home was on her second voyage when she returned to England from Hong Kong in 110 days. After • The Salamis' bell photographed with the painting by A. I. Sparling of the famous clipper. 88 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

that she was kept steadily in the Melbourne to London wool trade].

On her maiden voyage, Salamis left London on July 6, 1875. She had strong winds to the Equator which she crossed on August 2. The best speed she made on this journey was 304 knots, and she entered Port Philip Heads, Melbourne, on September 16—just 72 days out of London.

As a wool clipper, Salamis set up a wonderful record. Her average for 13 consecutive runs to Melbourne was 75 days, pilot to pilot, and from 1875 to 1895 her average was 77 days for the London to Melbourne run.

Homeward with wool—generally about 5,500 bales of it—she occasionally got held up (like all iron ships) and in these cases the run could take her more than 100 days.

Nevertheless on the homeward run she had the best average for an iron ship—of 87 days for 18 consecutive wool passages from Melbourne to London.

Her best run from London to the Equator was 181 days. Twice she ran from the Equator to Cape Meridian in 21 days; twice she ran her easting down from the Cape Meridian to Cape Otway in 22i days.

From 1875 to 1894, the Salamis had only two masters. They were Captains Phillips—senior and junior.

The clipper was a regular home for the Phillips’ family: at one time, when Captain Phillips, senior, was commander, one son was chief mate and another was third made.

Captain Phillips, senior, gave up command of the Harlaw to take the Salamis from the stocks. After commanding the ship for 13 years, he was asked, on arrival in Port Philip, to hand the Salamis over to his son. the first mate, and take command of the Pericles.

Wrecked In 1894, Captain Phillips, junior, handed the Salamis over to Captain R. B. B. McKilliam.

When the Aberdeen White Star Line sold its sailing ships in 1899, the Salamis was bought by L.

Gunderson, of Porsgrund, Norway, who stripped the yards off her mizen mast and turned her into a barque to ply the guano trade in the South Pacific.

After several weary years at this work, the once-handsome clipper was wrecked on Malden Island, 400 miles north of Penrhyn Island in the Line Islands, on May 20, 1905.

Cook Islanders were at that time working on the guano deposits on Malden, and, on their return to Atiu, one of them brought with him the Salamis ’ bell and presented it to the church.

They went big game fishing -and caught a mackerel By a staff writer The Englishman, rocking back on his heels, a pipe clenched between his teeth, said: “Got to get up early. That’s the trick.” His wife, a tall, hearty lady in bell-bottom pants, agreed enthusiastically. I also agreed, though less enthusiastically. It was 5.20 a.m.

We were about to go big game fishing, and we were waiting on the jetty at the Fijian Hotel, the luxury hideaway on Yanuca Island, Viti Levu, to be rowed to launches, some 100 yards from where we stood.

As we waited, we talked about this and that, and I learned from the English lady (she had to be prompted) that she was something of a champion fisherwoman. Actually, as she explained, an ex-champion. Some years ago she’d caught a record sawfish, and then some chap in Panama had gone and caught a bigger one.

The English couple were to fish in the Fleet Lady and I was to fish (or rather, to watch the fishing) on board the Susan Jane 11.

I was rowed to Susan Jane II by a deck hand, and I was welcomed on board by Harry Dutfield, owner/ skipper of the launch (and managing director of the UK’s Axminster Carpets and one of the directors of the Fijian). There were six others besides myself and Mr. Dutfield on board.

Blown up The Susan Jane II was built in Cornwall in 1967 to Mr. Outfield’s specifications, and freighted to Fiji.

Her predecessor, Susan Jane I, fishes in the English Channel and she must be one of the hardiest launches in those waters. Some years ago she hit a German torpedo. She was blown into the air and her steering mechanism and engine were blown off their bearings. But the only repair needed to her hull was a little caulking, and within weeks she was back in service.

The only annoying thing about the torpedo was that the owners couldn’t get any insurance money for the damage it caused. The insurance company said that the accident wasn’t an accident but an Act of War, and Susan Jane I wasn’t insured against Acts of War.

Anyway, as soon as the introductions were over, we made for the entrance of the reef and we were soon out on the open sea..

A crackling news bulletin was turned on and the weatherman said that the seas would become increasingly rough.

The weatherman was right on the mark. Minute by minute the seas rose, and Susan Jane II began to pitch and toss, and salt spray stung our faces.

We rode against the seas for some time and then turned to ride with the seas (thereby reducing the pitch and toss). Shortly after we had turned to ride with the seas there was a strike on one of the four lines.

Hopes dashed For a moment, great excitement!

All of us, except Mr. Dutfield and the fisherman with the strike, fled the fishing area—just as we had been instructed to do in such an emergency. We peered at what was going on from amidships, hoping for a record marlin and some spectacular pictures.

Our hopes were dashed. Whatever it was had managed to shake off the hook soon after it had taken it.

For a couple of hours or so we cruised this way and that (sometimes with the sea and sometimes against it), and then, as the seas grew larger, we made for home.

It was then that we had a real strike. Again everybody, save Mr.

Dutfield and the fisherman in the hot seat, fled the fishing area. For a moment or two the rod swung about in the fisherman’s grasp. Then he began to wind in the line.

And there it was! All 30 inches of it. A Fijian mackerel.

“Make good bait,” murmured Harry Dutfield.

By the time we reached the Fijian, we all had huge appetites, salt tans and a feeling of well-being (after all, the trip hadn’t been completely abortive). 89 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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A mule took command of the good ship "Musa"

LANCE H. WILKINSON, in Samarai, remembers.

What with Land-Rovers, aeroplanes and helicopters, gold prospectors are faced with few transport difficulties there days.

In fact, much of the “trudgery” of gold prospecting has been done away with. But things were very different in the old days —in the days for instance, when Gold Mines of Papua took over Mount Sisa on Misima.

Mount Sisa is some seven miles from the coast of Misima and all supplies in the early days of the mine’s operation had to be taken in by native carrier. A road existed as far as Umuna but from there on there was only a goat track.

Now goat tracks are all very well if you have the goats to do the tracking, but when Gold Mines of Papua came to Misima there were no goats available.

So the people in charge of operations decided that the mules would be a good substitute for goats, and the people who ran the Doini plantation near Samarai agreed to sell Gold Mines two mules. So far so good, but then a problem arose.

How to get the mules from Samarai to Misima—after all it’s some distance by sea.

After some persuasive negotiating by anxious Gold Mines’ representatives, Steamships Trading Company agreed to transport the mules from Samarai to Misima on the MV Nusa.

Mutiny!

I happened to be doing that trip on the Nusa with a mate, Gerry Polini. When we anchored at Doini, the Nusa’s master, Captain Anderson, asked Gerry and me whether we knew anything about mules. Neither of us did but we knew horses, so we agreed to assist in loading the two mules. We didn’t know what we were letting ourselves in for!

Every time we approached one of the mules, it turned its kicking end towards us—and in the end we found ourselves flying through the air!

Finally the native muleteer arrived.

He smacked the mules on their rumps, put halters on them and they went peacefully to the waiting ship.

The first mule was slung aboard without any difficulty, but the second one was dropped from the sling to the deck from a height of six feet.

It promptly decided to get its revenge on the deck and proceeded to kick it —and everything in sight— to pieces.

Crew fled Quick as a flash, Captain Anderson made for the safety of the bridge; the engineer Bill Johnson, beat all records in his haste to get to the engine room; and the crew made for the whale boat—or went over the side.

The mule was master of the ship.

It had been a bloodless mutiny.

The underground manager of Gold Mines of Papua, Ted Gallon, was at Misima wharf to meet the cargo of mules. Having not visited the bright lights of Misima for six dry months, he had consumed quite a lot of Burns Philp “toothpaste” at 1/9 a bottle. (In those days, it was against the law to buy beer by the single bottle so bottles were marked in stores’ accounts as toothpaste. It’s surprising how much toothpaste BP’s sold.) The mules were saddled with two bags of rice each. Ted inspected them, pronounced them fit and returned to the “toothpaste”. Half an hour later he inspected them again.

This time one of the creatures moved its head slightly as Ted walked past.

The movement threw Ted off his balance and he crashed to the ground.

Not very happy Ted wasn’t very happy about this.

He declared the beast to be flighty and ordered another bag of rice to be put on its back. Then both mules began to annoy Ted, and he ordered more and more bags to be loaded on their backs.

As the sun went down, Ted and his mules set off for Mount Sisa.

The next morning on the coast road I saw Ted’s mules, minus Ted.

One had no pack saddle and the other had a pack saddle dangling from its belly. Naturally I was a little worried about Ted, knowing the pitfalls of the mountain road.

However all was well. On going through Bwagaoia village I met a rather forlorn Ted who asked me if I had seen anything of his mules.

I told him that I had.

Ted never spoke to the mules again, though the two animals did some sturdy work for Gold Mines of Papua for several years.

And Ted never visited the coast again. These days Ted is a strict abstainer and the idol of his grandchildren. But I doubt very much whether he has ever told them the story of those mules. It might be an animal story, but it’s not for kids. • Rugged Misima Island—where two mules once caused quite a stir. 91 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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92 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

The Royal Blood Of

Denmark In P-Ng?

By R. W. Robson

Because a book, Queen Emma, which I wrote a few years ago, came by chance into the hands of Mr. Arthur Vaag, of Mando 6760, Ribe, Denmark, there has come to light some Danish-German history of particular interest to the many descendants of Richard and Phoebe Parkinson, pioneer trader and planter in former German New Guinea.

Phoebe Coe, a sister of “Queen Emma” Forsayth (formerly Coe), married Richard H. R. Parkinson in Western Samoa about 1879, and they joined Emma in New Britain in 1882. Parkinson was a scholar and a brilliant botanist. (He will remain in New Guinea history because he was the first man to plant coconuts on a commercial scale in that great archipelago).

Hitherto, Parkinson has been described merely as the son of an Englishman who took German nationality after he became the coachman of a German noble. Now, we have a much more interesting story.

Mr. Vaag read my various references to Parkinson in Queen Emma and he has kindly written to give me the Parkinson history. He says it was told to him by his wife, who is a native of Augustenberg, in Schleswig, now a part of Denmark.

Mrs. Vaag, as a girl, knew Mrs..

Parkinson, the mother of Richard Parkinson. She was a very old lady when she died, about 1905.

Mrs. Vaag says that it was generally believed that Mrs. Parkinson, as a very young woman, was a member of the staff of the Duke of Augustenberg, a nephew of the Danish Queen, and that she had a love affair with him. When she became pregnant, the Duke protected her.

The young woman was hurriedly married to an Englishman, Parkinson, who was the master of the Duke’s famous stud farm. The newly married couple then left Augustenberg, for either Germany or England; and Mrs.

Vaag’s grandfather followed Parkinson as manager of the Duke’s studfarm—that is how she learned of the incidents now recounted.

“That marriage was about 1844” writes Mr. Vaag. “The Duke took care of the child. In 1848 the Duke made insurrection against his near relative, the King of Denmark. The war lasted until 1850; the Duke fled to Altona and later to Silesia; and so he lost eyerything —if he had not rebelled against the King he would himself have become King of Denmark.”

This summary of the rebellion is borne out by the Chambers’ Encyclopaedia.

It says that Count Reventlow and Prince Frederick of Augustenberg rose against the King of Denmark in 1848; that Austria intervened and established peace; that Frederick made certain claims affecting the throne when the Danish King died in 1863; that Austria and Prussia came into the picture and chased Frederick away; and that Schleswig and Holstein thence forward were a province of Prussia until after World War I.

Mr. Vaag’s story is further supported by the facts that Richard Parkinson was very well educated, and was fluent in English as well as German. Letters written by Parkinson to NSW Governor le Hunte, and now in the Mitchell Library, in Sydney, show a mastery of colloquial English.

Parkinson was over 30, and a qualified surveyor, when he was sent out from Hamburg to the Goddeffroy firm in Western Samoa, where the Germans had founded their first Pacific colony. It was in Apia that he met and about 1879, married Phoebe Coe, then in her teens.

Great fortune In New Britain, between 1882 and 1907, Parkinson was closely associated with “Queen Emma”, and the coconut plantations he established for her behind Ralum, near Kokopo, contributed much to her great fortune.

Mr. and Mrs. Parkinson had 12 children, and their descendants are numerous and are scattered widely over New Guinea and Australia.

Parkinson died in 1907, and was buried in the Parkinson private cemetery (Kuradua), a mile north of Kokopo. When I found the little mat-mat, some time after World War 11, the place was thickly overgrown with kunai, and the monuments —including Parkinson’s—were fallen and scattered. I believe that members of the New Britain Historical Society now are caring for the Parkinson and Emma Forsayth mat-mats. They are worth preserving—much valuable history is inscribed on those tombstones.

Mrs. Phoebe Parkinson, a woman of fine character, lived in New Guinea for 37 years after her distinguished husband. Up until World War I, she was the owner of valuable property; but she lost it all in tragic fashion in the Australian takeover in 1920.

She was greatly esteemed; but the last 20 years of her life were lived in poverty. She died miserably in a New Ireland village in 1944, during the Japanese occupation, and was buried there. I always have said that our failure to do anything to honour the memory of Mr. and Mrs. R. H. R.

Parkinson is a blot on the Australian Administration.

Richard Parkinson's monument pictured in 1959 lying on the ground in four pieces.

The monument is in the Parkinson family cemetery at Kuradua, New Britain. 93 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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February, 1 9 6 9 Pacific Islands Monthly

Yesterday Strange things happen in the “silly season” and the “silly season” of 20 years ago was no exception in the Islands. PIM , of February, 1949, reported that Spain had laid claim to three central Pacific coaling stations—Yap, Koror and Saipan—all of which were held by the US under trusteeship conditions. The claim, made in the General Franco-founded magazine, Africa, was based on discoveries by Spanish navigators in the 16th century and on the protocol of a treaty concluded between Germany and Spain at Rome in 1885 and at Madrid in 1889.

Spain’s claims, of course, came to nothing. Yap, Koror and Saipan are still in the US Trust Territory.

Other news in PIM 20 years ago included: Trouble was reported in NG’s Upper Markham Valley. Assistant DO, Morobe, Mr. G. O’Donnell, was on his way from Lae to investigate reports that New Guineans armed with Japanese rifles had killed several villagers.

Sir Howard Ellis, who lived in Fiji for nearly 30 years (he was appointed one of the two unofficial members of the colony’s fledgling Executive Council in 1941) died in Auckland on January 19, 1949. His widow, Lady Ellis, was a member of the old Fiji Joske family whose trading business was taken over many years ago by W. R. Carpenter.

PIM criticised the new US name for Micronesia—The US Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands—as “unfortunate and confusing”. PlM’s suggestion: “The Trust Territory of Micronesia”.

Bounty relics were in the news.

Lieutenant William Bligh’s soup tureen had turned up in Suva in the hands of Mr. R. M. D. Towner, the bible of the HMS Bounty was to be returned to Pitcairn and the Bounty's barometer was still being tapped and read every morning—by Ray Nobbs, of Norfolk Island.

A PIM advertisement for a governess to teach two children on a coconut plantation on Papua’s isolated Fly River. Salary: “two pounds a week”.

Rabaui remembered January 23, 1942 (anniversary of the fall of the New Britain town to the Japanese) with two ceremonies one near Vulcan Island, where the invaders landed, and the other at the Colyer Watson wharf, where the ill-fated Montevideo Maru sailed for Japan with hundreds of civilian internees and AIF soldiers captured in the Rabaui area. (The Montevideo Maru was lost, with all on board, on the way to Japan).

The Union Manufacturing and Export Company of Wellington, NZ, started a shipping run to NG in January when the company sent the 5,000-ton motor vessel Wairata to Lae.

NZ’s new High Commissioner for Western Samoa, Mr. G. R. Powles, his wife and their children, had all arrived in Apia to take up residence, at, of course, Vailima—Robert Louis Stevenson’s old home.

Australia’s Air Force Association had proposed to erect a bronze symbolic statue 30 ft high in Suva to commemorate the landing in Fiji by Sir Charles Kingsford Smith on the first trans-Pacific crossing by air.

The proposal came to nothing but 10 years later a monument to mark the landing was erected at the corner of Albert Park Drive and Victoria Parade.

The London Missionary Society’s proud cruiser, John Williams VI, made her first appearance in the South Pacific when she berthed at her base, Suva, on January 15. She had been named by Princess Margaret in a ceremony in London on August 5, 1948.

Islands cocoa prices took a beating.

NG prices came down from over £2OO a ton to £l6l, New Hebrides prices came down from an even higher amount to £165 a ton and Samoan cocoa, which fetched £230 a ton in 1948, was near the £2OO a ton mark. Sydney buyers couldn’t give a good reason for the falls; they said there was still a world shortage of the beans.

Thought to be one of the last relics of Marquis de Rays' abortive scheme to settle the NG islands in the early 1880's, this old millstone at Rabaui, inscribed by the Japanese during World War II, was featured in PIM 20 years ago. 95 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— FEBRUARY, 1969

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SINCE 1924 1 1 1 i LTD 96 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONIDLY

Book Reviews HUBERT MURRAY OF PAPUA:

The Best Analysis Yet

It is an example of the irony of modem socio-political development that another book on Sir Hubert Murray should be published just when Australia’s stumbling planners are wondering what on earth they really are going to do with Papua-New Guinea.

It is further irony that I should be asked by the editor of PIM to review this book.

In the decade before Sir Hubert died in Samarai “with his boots on”, in February, 1940, I saw the Lieut.- Govemor on many occasions, and listened for hours to his biting comments on Australian politicians, on world trends in “colonialism”, and on the efforts being made by “those fellows next door”—a succession of bespangled military officers from World War I who probably had never seen a Melanesian village until they became “Administrators” of New Guinea—to introduce an effective Administration into the widely scattered, wholly disunited “Mandated Territory”.

"A nightmare"

I can imagine Sir Hubert in these days, sitting on the edge of a pink cloud somewhere above the Owen Stanley Range, grimly examining the dual territory after Australia’s politicians and planners have spent 25 years, and hundreds of millions of Australian dollars, on “development and modernisation”; and their apparently serious claim that they now have a united nation ready for selfgovernment and independence. His comments would be worth hearing.

If you would like to know the nature of those comments, read Hubert Murray, by Dr. Francis T. West, of the Australian National University. It is a good book the best analysis I have seen of the Murray regime, and of the man who created the legend of Murray’s Papua.

There must have been a dozen books about the Hubert Murray regime published since World War IT and the Japanese invasion threw the Australian territory of Papua and the ex-German colony of New Guinea into a political melting-pot, to emerge as this ragged and nondescript “Trust Territory of New Guinea”. Actually, it is half of the world’s biggest island, plus the very large islands of New Britain, New Ireland, Bouganville, and a score of little ones, containing over two million mostly primitive people, speaking about 700 separate languages— an Administrator’s nightmare.

Seeking guidance concerning the trust territory, conscientious Administration officials must have gone back again and again to the records of the Murray rule in Papua, and must often have been baffled.

Most of those books were good only in parts: none I think presented a completely true picture.

That is not surprising.

Murray himself, especially towards the end of his 36 years in Papua, often was baffled and confused, and especially after a wrestle with one or other of the various types of Territories Minister thrown into office in Canberra by the vagaries of Australian politics.

What was his policy?

Francis West never knew Murray. West is an English scholar who came to Australia in the early ’Fifties, and has established himself as an ardent and painstaking researcher. This record of the life and work of Hubert Murray is as complete, well-balanced and accurate as a first-grade historian could make it, and it will, I think, become the standard reference work on Papua, up to the time when Papua was thrown to the eager wolves of the United Nations which time is nearly coincidental with the death of Murray in 1940.

What was Murray’s “native policy”? That is what all these planners ask, sooner or later. With Dr.

West’s new book for reference, together with my own memories of many talks with the old man, I think I can answer that one.

Pacification In the beginning, Murray simply sought pacification of the tribes, so that European control could be introduced. He went out personally among the primitive people, and later he always had some of his devoted young men far out on patrol, striving ceaselessly to persuade these folk to abandon their ages-old custom of an-eye-for-an-eye, and accept rule by law and justice, represented by “resident magistrates” in the main centres, and by selected native constables in the villages.

Papua was desperately poor; Australia’s grant was rarely over £30,000 p.a. Gold and copper mining had flared up, occasionally, but otherwise there was little produce to sell overseas, to provide an economy that could be taxed. So, naturally, Murray did everything within his power to promote development of primary industry by Europeans.

European enterprise, of course, sought two things, land and labour.

From the beginning, Murray instinctively protected the rights of the indigenes in both respects; but his policy definitely was one of encour- Sir Hubert Murray about 1925. 97 pacific islands monthly February, 1969

aging Europeans to come in and exploit the territory’s natural resources.

Francis West’s book shows that in those early days Murray accepted the thesis representing quite a sound policy, if properly controlled —that the establishment of European planters, traders and miners in native communities, by employing the natives, assisted the government materially in making necessary adjustments between native or primitive life, and the living standards of the in-thrusting Europeans.

Another viewpoint But, as the decades passed, Murray’s viewpoint shifted considerably.

That is discernible in Dr. West’s history. I myself noticed it first in the ’Thirties, after the discovery of the rich Morobe goldfields had brought a flood of European miners, traders, transporters and hangers-on into Papua, as well as New Guinea; and after hundreds of tough Australians had settled in as coconut planters in both territories.

A primary factor in this process of “development” was the availability of cheap native labour. Miners, planters, schoonermen, could get hundreds of young native workmen, bound to them under an indenture system, for 5/- to 10/- per month.

True, they had to feed and house them, give them medical care, and train them to work intelligently, and return them in due course to their villages; but it was extremely cheap labour.

From the Administration standpoint, the outstanding factor in this arrangement was that thousands of time-expired labourers were returning each year to their villages in the Thirties, with a practical knowledge of the ways of the white men, which they passed on to their less sophisticated fellows. They carried with them their wages, in “marks” (perforated shillings), tied up in strings. They sometimes buried their little hoard, but usually they spent it quickly in the Chinese-run stores which appeared as soon as the villages came under “control”.

For good or ill this process of Europeanisation worked far more rapidly than did all the devoted efforts of Administration patrols and Christian missionaries.

The process, of course, was far more marked in New Guinea (there were no roaring gold townships and no Chinese traders at all in Papua), but it soon had an effect on native social life in Papua; and Murray watched it with growing disfavour.

It was during this period (late Twenties, early ’Thirties) that the Murray policy became more and more concerned with the protection of the natives.

Hated New Guinea In fact, Hubert Murray hated New Guinea and everything connected with it. His feelings probably were based as much on pique as on wisdom. Dr. West’s book gives some interesting angles on this.

In February, 1919, when it seemed possible that the mandate to govern German New Guinea would go to Australia, Murray asked that he be allowed to govern both territories.

Instead, Canberra set up a Commission, of which Murray was chairman, to evaluate the whole position.

Murray’s Commission colleagues were Atlee Hunt (who had been Murray’s departmental head) and Walter H. Lucas, a Burns Philp director and powerful head of Australia’s Expropriation Board which ran ex- German plantations and property in New Guinea and eventually disposed of them to Australians. Murray heartily disliked both men. In a private letter to his brother, the famous Sir Gilbert Murray, Hubert said he was finding “every difficulty in not killing them. We differ on every imaginable point, and as they are 2 to 1, I suppose their opinion will be adopted.”

It was, indeed. And the manner of it, and all that followed, is admirably told by Dr, West in a lively chapter, “Public and Private War”.

Extracts: Murray on Billy Hughes : “Impossible . . . simpy screams . . . the worst administrator . . . this hysterical little maniac.”

Billy Hughes on Murray : “Quite impossible ... I had better things to do than bother with a man who was usurping the role of God Almighty, so I left him to be God Almighty among his blackfellows, if that was the way he wanted it.”

Murray was prejudiced against the Australian Administrators of the trust territory from the beginning, and could see no merit in their work. Few could blame him.

Although he was Australia’s most experienced Administrator, the extra-

"Norfolk Island Sketch Book"

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ordinarily stupid clique which ruled the Department of Territories in Canberra from 1921 to 1942 gave him no part in the trust territory administration.

I was one who wrote frequently about that bureaucratic phenomenon: although the department ruled continguous and almost exactly similar tropical countries, Papua and New Guinea were kept in strictly watertight compartments — no interchange of officers, no communication between them except through Canberra, not even an exchange of ideas and experiences.

"Honour and dispair"

Murray was acutely sensitive to all this. Little wonder that West’s heading for the last chapter of his book, in which he describes Murray’s last unhappy decade in Papua, is “Honour and Despair”!

Many of we old-timers thought that Hubert Murray, a great Australian and a brilliant member of a distinguished family, died of a broken heart. That belief seems to be proven by the new material in this book about Murray’s relations with Canberra, and the details of his lonely personal life.

I wish that West had inquired more about Murray’s attitude towards education of the natives.

"Blind spot"

As a journalist and editor, from 1930 to 1965, I observed the Australian Administration in P-NG. Its greatest weakness, and the root cause of much of Australia’s embarrassment there today, was its total failure to introduce, in the beginning, an education system which might have opened the door to rapid social development and early nationhood.

As it is, the lack of an adequate education system still is the blind spot in Australia’s administration there.

Australia has recently spent huge sums on the establishment there of a university. P-NG does not need graduates so much as it needs effective village schools, and secondary and technical schools—and it needs these urgently. It is my estimate that more than 60 per cent, of the people whom Australia’s planners are trying to thrust into independent nationhood still are completely illiterate.— R. W. ROBSON. (HUBERT MURRAY. Published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne. $7.50.) Islands history by an Islander who was there Almost all published work about the history of the Pacific to date has been written either by, or using the files of, foreign governments, missionaries, businesses, and travellers. The Works of Ta’unga, however, has been compiled from the surviving journals and letters of Ta’unga, a Rarotongan who was a pastor and teacher of the London Missionary Society during most of the 19th century. Compiled as a labour of love by Marjorie Crocombe, herself a Rarotongan, and her husband, a former colonial official and now a prominent academic, the book provides a valuable and fascinating insight into the work of pioneering missionaries.

The vital role played by Pacific Islanders in spreading the gospel throughout the Pacific has received belated recognition during recent years: this book is the first to record the inside story.

Allowing for some contradictions and inaccuracies between various journal extracts and letters written over a period from 1833 to 1896, and keeping in mind that Ta’unga, viewed his times and the people then living in the Pacific through the eyes of a zealous missionary, we are nevertheless left with a most remarkable and moving record of courage, Christian faith, humility and humanity.

This book has something for everyone: the ordinary reader will be enthralled by tales of perilous ocean voyages in sailing ships and other small craft, massacres, human frailties and aspirations; the anthropologist will find much interest in descriptions of indigenous society and mores; and missionaries and other Christians, especially those in Western countries, will better understand how the Good Word was brought to New Caledonia and other Islands.

Even the most convinced agnostic will accept Ta’unga as more than a run-of-the-mill man when reading: “We were filled with sadness by the news (of the massacres of Europeans and islanders) . . . The chief of the Isle of Pines soon arrived with all his people in twenty canoes.

They came to kill us . . . When they were quite near to our village, Uadota came to us saying, ‘Flee to the mountains or you’ll die. The chief of the Isles of Pines has come to kill you’. But I said to him, “We shall not run away to the mountains.

Jesus is the highest mountain of all!

When He leaves us then will we die.’ . . . We had got all dressed up while we waited for our doom, having placed our souls in the hands of God. It was in order that our bodies would be clothed before we met death.”

A legend After many years of perilous LMS pioneering among Melanesians, Ta’unga spent a period among Samoans, experiencing the dislike of, and feeling of superiority towards, other Pacific Islanders, like himself, which was then part of the Samoans’ makeup. Even so, he steadfastly pursued his calling and has become a legend, not only among Cook Islanders but also among Samoans.

His son, Tamuera Terei, was also an outstanding man and perhaps the most voluminous writer Rarotonga has yet produced.

Now that literacy is widespread throughout the Pacific and a growing number of Islanders have attained tertiary educational qualifications, we receive more written information about all aspects of life in the Pacific, past and present. The competent work of the Crocombes, with most valuable annotations by experts such as Gunson, Guiart and Shineberg, will, however, remain a milestone in Pacific writing by someone “who was there”.

While many of the books in the Pacific History Series of the Australian National University Press will appeal to a limited audience only, The Works of Ta’unga should find a wide audience. I certainly cannot think of a better and more suitable gift for Divinity students and other young people interested in the Pacific —and this includes Pacific Islanders, of course.—Hl. (THE WORKS OP TA’UNGA. Australian National University Press. $6.) 99 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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How a primitive frontier was tamed by one of the men who tamed it

District Officer

G. W. L. TOWNSEND “Fascinating . . . slice of detailed history of early colonisation in New Guinea—“ Adelaide Advertiser”.

This is New Guinea of between-the-wars, as different from modern New Guinea as Dickens' England was from that of .he Beatles. It was a period when the Territory was expected to pay its own way without Australian help and when young Patrol Officers, on £3OO a year and no leave privileges, tried, almost single-handed, to bring peace and civilisation to vast areas of primitive country, inhabited by warring Stone-Age head-hunters. m m ft T V r 3 YA ?,i.4 Against this background G. W. L. Townsend, one of the men who helped tame the frontier and put in the foundations of modern New Guinea, tells his own story, from his arrival in Rabaul in 1921 to when he departed for the United Nations in New York in 1946, as a Pacific specialist. 270 pages, cloth bound; illustrated.

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Pacific Shipping MERCHANT

Scheme "Too

EXPENSIVE"

The GEIC's popular merchant training scheme, the colony’s only major labour venture in recent years, is “too expensive’' and the whole scheme should be “reviewed” as soon as possible to decide whether or not to continue with it.

So said the colony’s Mooring Socio-Economic Survey, released late last year. However, the recommendation hardly caused a stir at the GEIC’s House of Representatives December session.

The House resolved to take a look at the economics of the scheme about early 1971, “in the light of experience.”

Has cost $426,200 The survey team said the scheme which began in 1967 with Islanders being trained aboard the Teraka, had so far cost $426,200 (mainly for the purchase of this vessel) and the annual operating tab was $165,000.

Presumably included in this was a 59°,000 repair bill for the Teraka chalked up while on a recent trip to Hong Kong.

Footing most of the bill are Commonwealth Development and Welfare funds, colony revenue and the United Nations. Despite much publicity, two shipping lines, China Navigation and Columbus Lines, are financing only about 2 per cent, between them.

However, these two companies undertaking—but not guaranteeing to employ Islanders trained by the scheme on their ships may prove more valuable than bigger cash contributions now.

The Mooring report pointed out that the annual cost of training a sea cadet was far too high at $2,000, and proposed measures for putting the scheme on a more economical basis.

It suggested: • That courses should be reduced to six months, or that pre-vocational courses of three to six months should be established. • That classes should be increased in strength from 15 to up to 20 cadets. • That the quality of training equipment should be lowered to a standard that “the colony can and should afford.”

One other solution, the report said, was to charge fees to potential seamen.

There is no chance that the GEIC will turn around and scrap the scheme. It's so far been a success.

Practically every able-bodied Islander from the Ellice, Gilberts or even Nauru who can beg, borrow or steal a canoe to get himself to Tarawa has applied to join up to “see the world’'.

On board the Teraka, usually anchored off Betio, a full-time secretary plus an interviewer supplied by China Navigation screen hundreds of hopeful applicants.

Officials have been careful to select Islanders from as many atolls as possible, and potential seamen have been accepted from Fanning Island, the Phoenix Group, Ocean Island, Nauru, Arorae, Nui as well as the major Gilbert and Ellice atolls.

So far 70 Islanders have been placed as crews of overseas freighters.

Of these only three have been sacked.

Islanders aboard German ships are getting the same pay as German seamen—a veritable fortune to the Islanders. 70 placed Much of the pay of GEIC seamen is sent home to relatives or saved up.

It is impossible to say exactly how much money is already flowing home but many believe this factor wasn’t taken fully into account by the In The News This Month Adi Betty Analani Aoniu Apogee Ata Benina Black Rose Braine USS Califia Carousin II Cythera Degei II Doubloon Eigamoiya Failaka 20 Helly Hi’ng Feng No. 2 Iris Jo-Tor Just David Kittiwake Kuala Lumpur La Belle Sole Mar Quesa Matipo Mistral II Narhval Ninikoria Pandora 111 Ra Marama Snoris Taurangi Teraka Tui Lau Tungaru Wanderer Waimate West Wind V The GEIC's merchant training ship, the "Teraka", off Betio. 101 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1969

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Islanders of the GEIC make excellent seamen a PIM staff writer was told on Tarawa. Their only two pitfalls—many as yet drink too much at times and others don’t give enough thought for personal safety while working aboard ships.

"Tui Lau'S" Ex-Master

Off To Us Trust Territory

Fiji skipper, Captain Don Wendt, who has had his Certificate of Competency cancelled by a Fiji marine court of inquiry into the stranding of the Tui Lau last October, flew to Nauru in January to take command of the 208-ton Carolines trader Tungaru.

Owned by Ponape’s old-time trader, Carlos Etscheit, 68, Tungaru is these days associated with MILI, the US Trust Territory’s new shipper.

Tungaru, with many calls in Rabaul and Fiji behind her, will operate a service out of the Trust Territory with Captain Wendt to the Solomons, Nauru and Fiji.

Her new route is significant, because it will be MILI’s first run south of the Marshalls. The company’s aim is to set up its own shipping links with the South Pacific southwards to Sydney. Tungaru is pointed in that direction.

Master Troubles Hold

UP "AONIU"

Tempers were rising in Fiji and Tonga in January over the monthlong impounding by Fiji Marine Department officials of the Tongan Government vessel Aoniu in Suva.

In mid-January Captain Hill Willis, Tonga’s only holder of a Board of Trade Master’s Certificate, flew to Suva to master the Aoniu, when she was finally released by Fiji. Meantime, government-level negotiations between the two territories went on.

Trouble started when Fiji’s marine officials didn’t give Aoniu a clearance to sail from Suva for a trip to Rotuma on December 7. They said her master, Captain P. Taulupe, “did not have the qualifications” to take her to Rotuma.

Suva master mariner Captain J.

E. Hills was then signed on Aoniu to comply with regulations. However, just before he was to take Aoniu away, a cable was received from the Tongan Government instructing Aoniu to stay put and Captain Hills to be “signed off”.

Captain Taulupe has sailed under Captain Willis 12 times as chief 103 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

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Navigation For

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P.O. Box 3269, Auckland, 1. N.Z.

Cables: "PACMARINE", Auckland. officer from Tonga to Fiji and Rotuma and once as master-in-training. Captain Hills said the Tongan has passed examinations to a standard set by the British Ministry of Transport for a master’s certificate issued by the Tongan Government.

Crayfishing Extends

TO FIJI Sydney businessman Peter Warner’s efforts to get a crayfishing industry going are expanding in Tonga and extending to Fiji’s Lau Group. His operations are also diversifying into exporting clams, fish and shark.

His 90 ft crayfisher Ata has been joined in Fiji by another ship, the 45 ft launch Just David, and he will set up in Tonga four 10-ton capacity freezing holding plants (Nukualofa, Haapai (2) and Vavau).

His Fiji company, Fathom Fisheries, has joined Continental Meats Ltd. of Suva to can crayfish and clams as lobster soup and clam chowder. Fathom Fisheries have also recently sent consignments of snapper to Sydney, Suva and Japan, and shark to Melbourne.

Mr. Warner recently described crayfish yields from Tonga as “not rich, but reasonable and steady”. If Lau yields were similar, three freezing plants would be built there, he said.

Ata will remain his “mother ship” and Just David is expected to be joined by two Tongan ships, Vaomapa and Taufale, early this year.

"Hung Feng" Freed From Suva

REEF AFTER 14 WEEKS The 220-ton Nationalist Chinese fishing boat Hung Feng No. 2 was freed from Namuka Reef, seven miles west of Suva, on January 16.

She had been on the reef for 14 weeks.

Hung Feng No. 2, a Pago Pagobased 100-ft ship owned by the Taiwan Fishing Company, was driven onto the reef in heavy seas in early October after her engine failed.

Her salvagers, Bish Ltd., of Suva, had the choice of pulling her a few yards back into the ocean or of dragging her hundreds of yards forward over the reef into Namuka Harbour.

Three attempts by local ships failed to pull her off the reef because of continual heavy seas.

Bish then decided to drag her 2,000 ft across the reef on steel rollers welded to her hull. A pulling system with a power of 100 tons was arranged. Hung Feng's fuel was pumped out and she was moved slowly—sometimes no more than 12 ft a day—in one or two feet of water.

After the first 400 ft, buoyancy tanks were welded onto the ship’s hull to give her flotation. Her final 500 ft was a virtual rush—it took only three hours.

Hung Feng was towed to Suva where she was found in good condition. Hopes were she would be back at sea by March.

New Schedule For

Tonga'S "Niuvakai"

The Tongan Copra Board, in an attempt to operate the Niuvakai profitably, has rearranged the ship’s schedule to take in two more trips a year between Tonga and Australia, via Fiji and Western Samoa.

On her new route she will leave Sydney direct for Nukualofa, thence Vavau, Apia, Suva and Lautoka.

After Lautoka the Niuvakai will sail for Malau (Labasa) to pick up timber for Australia.

The new route eliminates Pago PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1969

K \ m r % I m mi m NOW UNDER

Construction At

MILLERS

Boatyard Suva

54ft. reef viewing tourist boat Wooden framed, to be plywood sheathed. Note the inserts for the glass panels. Shown behind is an almost completed 27 ft. game fishing launch constructed in plywood and fibre glassed.

Also just completed and delivered to its owner Crawford Marine.

Steel Drilling Barge

Complete with Drilling Rig for Sea Bed Exploration.

Designed, Built And Delivered

Within 6 weeks of ordering—by P.O. Box 296,

Suva, Fiji

106 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

For Fire, Marine

Accident Insurance

Queensland Insurance Company Limited (INCORPORATED 1886 IN AUSTRALIA) HEAD OFFICE: 82 Pitt Street, Sydney FlJl—Branch Office, Suva, Manager for Fiji: K. Galloway LAUTOKA, BA, LEVUKA, LABASA—Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Limited. Resident Officer at Lautoka: U. Singh PAPUA & NEW GUlNEA—Branch Office, Port Moresby: Manager for Papua & New Guinea: D. J. Granter PORT MORESBY, SAMARAI, LAE, MADANG, RABAUL, KAVIENG—Burns Philp (New Guinea) Limited. Resident Officer at Rabaul: A. Leong. Resident Officer at Lae: J. D. Maclean.

HONIARA (8.5.1. P.) —Breckwoldt & Company (5.1.) Pty. Limited NOUMEA—W. Johnston VlLA—Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Limited.

SANTO—Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Limited NORFOLK ISLAND—Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Limited OTHER SOUTH SEA ISLANDS—Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Limited Assets exceed $A50,000,000 F 317 Pago from the Niuvakai schedule, except for the voyage which left Sydney on January 11.

In the past, the Niuvakai, after leaving Sydney, called at Suva and Lautoka, then Apia and Pago Pago, before going on to Tonga. She then called at Fiji again before going on to Australia.

Under the old schedule a voyage from Nukualofa to Australia and back took seven and a half weeks.

Under the new one the voyage will take about six weeks.

Meanwhile, the USS Co. plans to increase its services from Australia to Islands ports with the Waimate.

Starting with the January voyage out of Sydney, two ports, Pago Pago and Malau (for timber) were added to the existing schedule of Apia, Nukualofa, Suva and Lautoka.

New Deal For Geic

Phosphate Workers

The GEIC’s $469,000 passenger vessel, the Ninikoria, which travels between Fiji and the New Hebrides and the colony, will call at many of the colony’s atolls several times a year, instead of at Tarawa once a year as did her predecessors.

This means that there is an equal opportunity for all Gilbert and Ellice Islanders to get work on the phosphate deposits on Ocean and Nauru.

Another factor which is making fairer the recruitment of labour for the phosphate deposits is the establishment of Tarawa-trained executive officers to handle applications to work on Ocean and Nauru. (Previously, elected Islands councillors were responsible for granting such applications—and they sometimes showed favouritism).

Now people in the GEIC wishing to work for the British Phosphate Commission fill in forms and send them to the managers of the BPC.

Islands labourers are paid about $100 a month for working the phosphate deposits.

Another Attempt To

Free The "Matip0"

After an unscheduled stopover on a New Caledonian reef of about eight months, Captain Athol Rusden’s 397-ton trader Matipo was expected to be made mobile again in late January when efforts to free her were renewed.

The New Hebrides-based ship- Tonga will operate the "Niuvakai" on a revamped schedule out of Nukualofa to Sydney in an effort to make her pay. In future calls at Pago Pago will be skipped. 107 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

IN GOOD COMPANYmom scomn fU mms uMBUIOS mu scorn Motor Vessel "TURRAMA"

Owner: A. McMaster, Tuncurry, N.S.W. m SB m m Well equipped TURRAMA is fitted with the world famous Gardner 6LX Marine Diesel Engine ARlmpu In company with fishing craft in waters throughout the world, "TURRAMA" enjoys the economy, reliability a.id high power-to-weight, power-to-space design of Gardner Marine Diesel Engines. For over 60 years fishing vessels in all waters have been proving the superiority and outstanding performance of Gardner. Engines installed over 30 years age are still performing well in many instances. Models from 28 to 260 B.H.P. offer a range for every size and type of boat. Sales, Service and Technical assistance.

DIESEL POWER Gardner 6LX marine diesel engines with alternative settings up to 144 B.H.P. can be supplied, depending on application.

Other engines in the Gardner range offer ratings from 28 to 260 B.H.P. — aM with the same world-wide record of reliability and long service.

Gardner offers a range of engines virtually custom built for every type of craft —new or old. Full specifications are available from: Sole Agents for N.S.W., Papua, New Guinea and South West Pacific Islands

Ferrier & Dickenson

PTY. LTD.

Telegrams: "FERREOUS", Sydney SALES SERVICE SPARE PARTS: Herbert Street, Artarmon, N.S.W., 2064, Australia Telephone: 43-1215 POSTAL ADDRESS; P.O. Box 21, Artarmon. N.S.W., 2064, Australia 108 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

c e m HELLABY’S

Canned Meats

" CROWN "

Tf PACIFIC *RO fT ARROW ytm m tn =, nf* --"(i CORRtD Vf& owner’s latest acquisition, a 75 ft coastal vessel Onewa, was to try to free her with salvage gear—and the aid of abnormally high tides.

The Matipo was grounded on the reef, 30 miles off Noumea, on May 7. 1968 ( PIM, June, 1968, p. 97) shortly after Captain Rusden had set up a NZ-New Caledonia-New Hebrides shipping service with her.

Efforts at the time failed to free her, though much equipment and cargo were salvaged.

The NZ - New Caledonia - New Hebrides service is now being run by a NZ subsidiary of Columbus Lines which beat the Holm Shipping Company of NZ for the run in a bitter fight ( PIM, July, 1968, p. 97).

Nauru'S New "Eigamoiya"

To Arrive In April

Although described as a bulk phosphate carrier, Nauru’s first ship, the MV Eigamoiya, has a lot more glamour than the description indicates.

Eigamoiya, 5,700 tons dw, was launched at Leith, on December 19 —the first ship to go into the water from Robb Caledon Shipbuilders Ltd., since this new group was formed in October. The vessel will sail on its delivery voyage towards the end of March and is expected to arrive in Nauru at the end of April, carrying general cargo from the UK.

President Deßoburt, who attended the launching by his wife, was returning home in January via the Marshalls,, where he was to supervise recruitment of an additional seven crew members for the vessel. Two Nauruan youths are already in Leith, training as navigation officers.

Eigamoiya is, Nauru hopes, the first tonnage of a regular Nauruan mercantile fleet. Her details: Length overall, 368 ft 6 in.; breadth moulded, 55 ft; draft, 24 ft 6 in.; bale capacity, 235,000 cu. ft; insulated cargo, 11,000 cu ft; service speed 15 knots; powered by two Mirrlees National KDMR6 engines geared to a single screw, 2,520 bhp each, and direct reversing.

Decks over the accommodation and cargo holds are sheathed with 2i in. Oregon pine and careful attention has been paid to sound insulation around the engine casings.

The ship can lift, overhaul and lay her own moorings, using a special electrically-driven mooring winch/ windlass on the forecastle.

She is fitted to a high standard to carry prosphate, general cargo, some refrigerated cargo, and passengers in deluxe accommodation. The ship has two decks with a short forecastle and a raked stem soft-nosed bow, cruiser stern, four cargo holds and tween decks. No. 1 hold can carry cased petroleum and part of No. 4 is for refrigerated cargo. She is classed 100A1 with Lloyds. Three holds are forward of the engine and one aft.

Fresh water is carried in part of the double bottom, tunnel side tanks and tanks over the aft peak. Cargo handling equipment consists of two 10-ton ASEA cranes for Nos. 2 and 3 holds and two five-ton derricks for holds 1 and 4. Portable steel hopper sides are arranged in wings of the holds for handling phosphate.

The complement of 34 is comfortably accommodated in single cabins.

There are seven well-fitted cabins for passengers, two of them being deluxe suites. All but two of the passenger cabins have toilet and bath, and shower facilites. All accommodation is air conditioned and television is installed.

Public rooms include a dining saloon to seat 26 at five tables, and a lounge and bar. Suites, cabins and passageways are carpeted.

The master’s and deluxe passenger suites are lined with Eucalyptus veneer and have furniture in Sycamore. There are two fully-equipped laundries and drying rooms.

There are twelve individual refrigerated cabinets in cabins and public rooms, plus an ice-making machine and a beer cooler. 109 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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Anoint Your Complexion With Beauty /Contribute to the youthful loveliness of your skin by anointing it every day with a tropical moist oil which will remain the natural oil and moisture balance in the basal cells and counteract the gradual loss suffered due to temperature extremes, sun, wind and time itself. Stroke the moist oil of Ulan in an upward direction from the neck until the entire complexion is covered with a soft, dewlike film. Used as a base for make-up, you will find that Ulan oil not only beautifies and protects the skin against drying, wrinkle-making effects of the weather but ensures that your cosmetics smooth on evenly and have a remarkably finer finish.

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Kuwait Fishing Scheme

For Papuan Gulf

A $3 million 20-vessel trawling and fish processing operation financed by the tiny Arabian oil-rich state of Kuwait got underway in the Gulf of Papua in January.

Twelve of the 62 ft to 102 ft trawlers and a 225 ft “mother ship”

Failaka 20 arrived at Port Moresby in late December to take on 150 New Guinean crew and to change over to Papuan registry.

Soon after, Failaka 20 sailed out of Moresby to begin fishing and surveying for fish and prawns. She was equipped with underwater electronic search gear.

The trawlers were to follow soon after. Each can trace and catch both fish and prawns. Catches are cleaned, headed and snap frozen on Failaka 20, and then transhipped to cargo vessels at sea for export.

In charge of operations locally is Gulf Fisheries (NG) Pty. Ltd., a subsidiary of Gulf Fisheries Co., of Kuwait, a world-wide tropical fishing complex specialising in investing in underdeveloped countries to get fishing industries going.

HOLM CHARTER W.

German Vessel

Holm and Co. Ltd. has chartered the West German vessel, Pagensand, to run its monthly service between New Zealand and Tahiti. The Pagensand will also call at the Cook Islands and Tonga as required.

Holm says the charter of the ship is an interim measure until it can use a NZ ship manned by New Zealanders. Pagensand was due to arrive in NZ in late December.

Shipping Roundup

• Burns Philp has assumed the agency for the Norwegian-owned Jo- Tor, which services New Guinea ports from Sydney.

The Jo-Tor, which is under charter to Queensland Papua Line, operates a four-weekly service from Sydney and Brisbane to Wewak, Lombrum, Lorengau and Kavieng. About 1,100 tons gross, she has large refrigerated holds able to take up to 400 tons of cargo. • China Navigation’s passengercargo vessel Kuala Lumpur is to carry a “trade fair” of NZ goods to Tonga, both Samoas, Fiji and New Caledonia in June. An Auckland firm, Export Business Afloat Ltd., hopes to use two decks of the Kuala Lumpur to display goods from up to 50 NZ firms. 110 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Captain W. L Kennedy Pty. Limited

(Established 1931)

Shipbrokers, Business Cr Real Estate

32-34 Bridge Street, Sydney, 2000 ’Phone: 27 3797. Cables: “CAPKEN”, Sydney.

CARGO VESSEL, 633 tons dwt., built 1949, diesel, one hold, 2 hatches, derricks 2x3 tons, 1 x 7.5 tons, Lloyds Classification, well maintained. $115,000 or offer.

CARGO VESSEL, 600 tons dwt., built 1946, 2 holds, hatches, tween decks, derricks 2x2 tons, 2x3 tons, Lloyds Classification, well maintained. $70,000 or offer.

CARGO VESSEL, 87 ft x 22 ft, carry about 100 tons, 6LW Gardner diesel. $lB,OOO.

STEEL WORK VESSEL, 75 ft x 20 ft, built 1966, lift about 80 tons. In full survey. $llO,OOO.

REFRIGERATED CARGO VESSEL, 71 ft x 19 ft, built 1965, 240 h.p. diesel, excellent accommodation, a well maintained unit. $BO,OOO, FIBREGLASS WORK BOAT, 40 ft x 13.6 ft, 140 h.p. diesel, 5 years old. In excellent condition. $15,000.

WORKBOAT, 45 ft x 15 ft, hold amidships, Gardner diesel well found. $17,500.

WORK LAUNCH, 30 ft x 10.6 ft, diesel, $6,500 or offer.

We shall be pleased to obtain independent surveys of any craft we offer and subsequently arrange delivery either on ship’s deck or sea as desired.

Cruising Yachts • WANDERER, Eugene and Mary Herrin's 42 ft ketch, with the Herrins’ son, Sheldon, and crewman Guy Halferty, spent Christmas on Kusaie, Eastern Carolines. They later left for Ponape and other Caroline Islands. Frank Grossman, a resident of Kusaie, told PIM in a note that the Hervins visited Kusaie’s ancient Lelu ruins, hiked in mountain gorges and were guests at Christmas Day singing and marching competitions. • BLACK ROSE, the Goodhue’s 39 ft NZ ketch, was in Durban late last year with plans to push on to Cape Town and Rio. The ketch, known in Fiji and NG waters, was in PIM last June at Darwin (PIM, Mar., 1968, p. 112). • ANALANI, Wilf and Di O’Kell’s 50 ft ferro-cement yacht, was at Rabaul, New Britain, in January after a trip from Queensland, via Port Moresby, Samarai and the Trobriands. Wilf tells us Analani is up for sale and when she is sold he and Di will return to NZ where they intend to build a bigger yacht. • SNORIS, Robert and Claire Haymoz’s 34 ft ketch was at Vila, New Hebrides, in January after a trip from Fiji. News of the Snoris at Vila put an end to NZ reports that she was missing. Snoris, a Swiss ketch on a circumnavigation, was last reported in PIM just over a year ago (PIM, Dec., 1967, p. 117). • HELLY, Ken Grant and Ben Kajer’s sloop left Samarai, Papua, in late December for Bougainville and then Tarawa, GEIC. Earlier in Port Moresby, the boys took on two girl crewmembers. • CALIFIA, 43 ft American sloop was to leave Tahiti in January for Majuro, Marshalls. Her five-man crew, with skipper Tom Morgan, left Balboa, California, last August and made calls at the Galapagos Islands, Easter and Pitcairn Islands before reaching Papeete on December 11.

Tom, 27, a doctor, had visited Tahiti before as a crewman on Omar Darr’s Wanderer.

At Pitcairn, Califia stayed a week and Dr. Morgan and crew, Dr. John Hibbs, Lin Batten, Tim Hansel and Bob Dahl, all of the US, had a ball. climbing the island’s cliffs, visiting Tedside and “Christian’s Cave” and watching special picture nights.

The two doctors were welcome on Pitcairn and local nurse, Mrs. Ferris, was glad of their help. Our correspondent said Pitcairners were sorry to see them leave late in the afternoon of November 29. • IRIS, Zigurds and Virginia Freilands’ sloop, which has visited various Ellice and Gilbertese atolls since early December, paid a second stop at Betio, Tarawa, in January.

Plans were to carry out repair work and then head for the Marshalls in February. • BENINA, which has made stops in the Tuamotus and Bora Bora after leaving the US last year, was at Christmas Island in late December. Aboard were four people. • NARHVAL, David Erlenkotter’s American cutter well-known in many S-.th Pacific and Indian Ocean ports, was heading for Hawaii recently to complete a circumnavigation after several months’ excursions around the Caribbean ( PIM, Oct., 1968, p. 111).

O APOGEE, singlehander Alan Eddy’s tiny American ketch was to reach Miami, Florida, in January from St. Thomas, West Indies. Alan, who made many friends on his Pacific jaunts in 1966-67, was to sell Apogee in Miami.

CYTHFRA the Fenton’s sft ft A u* rSian kftch/ was St West Indies, in December. The ketch, which has been in the Caribbean since October last year, was in Port Moresby in May, 1967 (PIM, June, 1967, p. 113). • BELLE SOLE, the Franson’s luxury yacht which cruised the South Pacific in 1967, was to leave Durban about February for Rio and Europe. Aboard were Roger, Anne and Keith Franson, Zigurd Freidlands' sloop, "Iris", leaving North Tabiteuea, Gilberts, in December. 111 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

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27-33 WASHINGTON ST.,SYDNEY 2000 Allan Hare, Mike Miller and Teppy Angermeyer, of the Galapagos Islands well-known family. • TAURANGI, Frank Melhop’s 23 ft NZ “tri” was at Durban, South Africa, late last year after three years spent in South-East Asia and the Pacific Islands. Her last mention: PIM, Nov., 1968, p. 111. • KITTIWAKE, Ed Boden’s small sloop, will be at Seeadler Harbour, Manus, NG, until later this year. Ed says he’s doing some local surveying work. He recently uncovered an unexploded 500 lb bomb on Salami Plantation, Los Negros Island, which was later exploded by RAN experts, leaving a crater seven feet deep by 20 feet wide.

“It went off with one helluva bang and startled people for miles around,” Ed says in a note. “One fair-sized tree was uprooted which fell across the crater upon descent, a coconut palm was cut in two by a flying piece of casing and most of the small trees nearby were stripped and shredded of their leaves.

“It gives one an idea of what many of the islands must have looked like after some of the World War II invasions.” • WEST WIND V, with Sandy and Muriel Lowe and their sons Jim and John, all of NZ, was expected in Hobart and later Perth, Australia, in January out of Sydney. The ketch visited Norfolk Island in April last year.

"La Belle Sole" 112 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Cables: Kehar, Sydney 1015 Ann Street, Valley N.l, Qld.

Cables: Keharbris, Brisbane • KISMET, Sadun and Oda Boro’s 34 ft ketch which made a circumnavigation in 1965-1968, calling at many Pacific Islands, has been featured on a Turkish stamp because she was the first Turkish yacht to travel the world. She returned to Turkey in June last year {PIM, July, 1968, p. 109). • PANDORA 111, with Ed and Ann Forcien, James Good and Sandra Wright, left Rarotonga on December 16 for Pago Pago and Suva. The 60 ft clipper yacht had reached Rarotonga three days previously, after a sail from Papeete, via Raiatea and Bora Bora. • CAROUSIN 11, Mike Kane’s trimaran, was expected in Mexico from Durban, South Africa, late last year to complete Mike’s circumnavigation. On hand was Genoveva Durand van Wijk, his seventh female crewmember. • MAR QUESA, Harold Whilldin’s ketch which sailed the South Pacific in 1965-67, has been sold in California—but Harold and his wife Pat are in Guam. In a note, Mr.

Whilldin said: “We are saving money for some new venture”.

He said Guam’s motor traffic problem was far more serious than in Fiji. “We have traffic that makes Suva streets look deserted, but we have a lonely picturesque island, plus, of course, the military”. Mr.

Whilldin said he would like to hear from the many friends Mar Quesa had made in the Pacific Islands. His address: PO Box 726, Agana, Guam, 96910. • DOUBLOON, John and Elizabeth Littler’s 41 ft yacht, is these days working out of Korolevu, Viti Levu, as a tourist charter boat.

Elizabeth reports that chartering “is so much fun it seems wrong to do it for money”. She said Doubloon was on charter to the Fiji Government nearly three years ago. • MISTRAL 11, 47-year-old staysail schooner, which got only as far as Lord Howe Island out of Sydney on a proposed circumnavigation late last year, is up for sale at $35,000.

The 65-ft schooner was damaged by heavy seas before reaching Lord Howe (PIM, Sept., 1968, p. 103) and she took in a lot of water. However, the nine young Australians aboard got her back to Sydney.

Her four young owners paid about $41,000 for her. • KELEA, Charles and Leiv Kennedy’s yacht, will be up for sale when she reaches San Diego from Acapulco in late February. Kelea was in French Polynesia last year (PIM, Oct., 1968, p. 111).

"Mar Quesa" 113 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

The Bank Line

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For full particulars apply: — Fiji—Any branch or agency of Burns Philp (South Sea Co. Ltd.).

Cable Address: Burphil.

Tahiti. Messageries Maritimes, Papeete.

Cable Address: Messagerie Papeete.

Shaw Savill Line

114 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

From the Islands Press M M TOURING the past few Mm Mm U weeks, especially, I though throughout the year to a lesser degree, it has been almost impossible to go to the palatial confines of the Butiraoi Cinema, Bikenibeu, and expect to see the advertised film through to the end in comfort, with both clarity of sound and picture.

Either the projector does not arrive, or the film, or both; the projector arrives but does not work; the film is not as advertised; or there is no sound, or it is so distorted as to be unintelligible; or the picture jumps so much that it is impossible MANY of the more popular beaches in the islands—Pango, for instance, near Vila, are being spoiled by litter and broken bottles.

We appeal to all beach-goers and picnickers not to leave litter on the beaches. And particularly, please don’t throw empty bottles into the sea. They only re-appear a few days later as razor-sharp bits of glass on the beaches.— ltem in the “British Newsletter”, Vila.

SIR, —On revisiting Fiji after a lapse of many years, may I make the following observations. Much of the old attractiveness remains to charm the visitor. Suva seems to be a much healthier and cleaner place than it used to be.

One small area of the city is making rapid advances in modernisation.

But why spend vast sums on this tiny secfion, while remote villages still struggle on with inadequate schools, medical facilities and roads? . . .

Why spend money constructing lavish buildings and converting banks into huge refrigerators when many of the counters remain unmanned, and queues of 10 stretch out onto the footpath?

Tourists do not come here to see imitations of buildings they have left behind. What they do look for is service and that is something that neither they nor the local people are getting.

Where are the traffic police? . . .

Are reckless taxi and bus drivers not to watch, or the print has been used so often that it breaks continually.

If government is going to continue to take the licensing fees, then it must exercise adequate controls in compliance with the law; if exhibitors are going to continue to show films to the public, and make a tidy profit from so doing, then they must recognise their responsibilities, and not take advantage of a tolerant public, which has no alternative except to be without films.

You can’t have your cake and eat it.— Letter from Frustrated Filmgoer” in “Colony Information Noted, Tarawa. subject to the road code? When was a driver last fined for failing to dip his lights?

In Hawaii, people will rebuke you publicly if you laugh and talk in the streets late at night or early in the morning. But what of Suva? . . .

Radios, dogs, drunken youths, violent husbands, beaten wives, all play their part (in creating noise). . . . Families can be taught that it is bad manners to let the noises of people, animals and radios go any further than the walls of their own houses.— Extract from a letter from Mrs. ]. Hughes in “The Fiji Times”.

ON Thursday, December 5, the Senior Magistrate, Mr. D. W.

Walsh, gave judgment in the case of Te Maerere Bauro, of Makin, who had been charged with doing a negligent act likely to cause harm to another person. , . . The accused was alleged to have given medical treatment on October 4, 1968, at Bikenibeu to Poongo Petueli, whom he had undertaken to treat.

In delivering his judgment, the Senior Magistrate said he found that the prosecution had proved that the accused had massaged the abdomen of the complainant causing extensive bruising. He was satisfied that the massage was being applied as a form of medical treatment to rid the complainant of a ghost believed by her to be causing her pain.

The Senior Magistrate was further satisfied that the accused was negligent in the manner in which he applied the massage. He said that Dr. T. Flood had given evidence that massage causing bruising was likely to cause harm, which, in fact, was caused to the complainant in the form of trauma to the superficial abdominal wall.

The Senior Magistrate found Te Maerere guilty as charged and imposed a fine of $3O to be paid in seven days in default of six weeks imprisonment. Te Maerere has, however, appealed against both conviction and sentence to the High Court— News item in “Colony and Information Notes”, Tarawa, GEIC.

“XT’S the greatest achievement of -i- Tongan industry since home brew . . .”—Tomasi Kamea, 52, a Queen Salote Wharf labourer, commenting in the Tongan Chronicle on the new, Tongan-manufactured tobacco.

A FIJI custom of marking a new year by throwing water at motor vehicles has been strongly condemned by the Minister for Communications, Works and Tourism, Mr. C. A. Stinson. He was commenting on the report of the first fatal accident of 1969—in which a woman and an eight-year-old child were killed and other people injured after water had been thrown over the windscreen of a Land-Rover in Taveuni.— ltem in “Government News Sheet”, Suva.

THE greatly improved situation in Samoa has not been unsuspected.

The surprising thing is that the economy is as buoyant as it is, despite the stultifying influence of many of Samoa’s politicians and the totally inadequate credit facilities of the Bank of Western Samoa.

Things could have been very much better than they are. With less apathy, and a good deal more effort and imagination, Potlatch could already have started on its mill, the Casino Hotel would have been well on the way to completion as another link of the Travelodge chain throughout the Pacific, and Western and American Samoa would be linked by modern aircraft run by an airline able to adequately serve the travelling public.

To top things off the Prime Minister bans pisupo completely. One wonders whether this is a Machiavellian gesture aimed at diverting public attention from the fact that the Auditor-General, who found corruption and so much inefficiency in the government, and who resigned rix months ago, has not yet ■■ ■ been replaced.— Editorial in wM wm the “Apia Advertised. M M 115 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

People CAPTAIN J. D. CAMPBELL, MBE, is Commissioner of Scouts for the Cook Islands and has been resident in Rarotonga for over 40 years.

He led the Cook Islands contingent of scouts to the National Jamboree at Christchurch, NZ, in January. In the early days of scouting, he was awarded the Silver Wolf for services “of an exceptional character” by his personal friend, Lord Baden-Powell.

In 1968, he was awarded New Zealand’s highest scouting honour, the Silver Tui.

'Hie Cook Islands takes scouting seriously and most of its prominent citizens, including Premier Albert Henry, were scouts at some time in their lives. The NZ Jamboree was regarded as an opportunity for the Cook Islands to issue another new set of stamps—seven of them, all in five-colour photogravure and all with scouting motifs.

O One of the chief hopes this year of Mr. Robert Goodrich, who runs the Gilberts’ Church of God from his mission centre at Eita, Tarawa, is to set up a small school on Abaiang and extend his mission’s operations on Nonouti. Mr. Goodrich, with this attractive wife, Barbara and their two daughters, Melody and Joy, arrived at Eita in February, 1968, for a four-year term. • Paul Brown, manager of Guadalcanal Plains Ltd., paid a three-week visit to Sydney in January talking Solomon developments to Australian businessmen. A director of the BSIP’s new airline, Solair, he returned to Honiara in late January with Mr. Ken Dalrymple-Hay, chairman of GPL, who has been in Sydney for about 12 months recovering from several operations. • Mr. Ray Harberd, the GEIC’s senior agricultural officer, who spends most of his time these days pondering what will grow in the colony besides coconuts, has come across some information which is bugging him. Apparently, in the cattleless colony a wild herd of cows flourished on Niulakita, a tiny Ellice atoll, until a few years ago, when they vanished.

Can any readers explain? • The Rev. J. B. H. Robson, who arrived in Fiji from Australia in 1952, has left the colony to take up a new Australian appointment with the Methodist Church in the Western District of the Victorian and Tasmanian Conference. • The District Medical Officer for the West Sepik District of P-NG, Dr. Tom Gaunede, was to leave the territory in January to study leprosy in Burma, India and the Philippines on a WHO fellowship. Dr. Gaunede, a graduate of Fiji School of Medicine, was expected to be away from the territory for three months. • Mr. J. Jones has been appointed Chief of Division for Secondary Education in P-NG. He replaces Miss Barbara McLachlan who retired recently. Mr. Jones, who arrived in the territory as a teacher 11 years ago, was previously Inspector of Secondary Schools with the P-NG Department of Education. • Rev. Rex Matthews, associate Minister of the Nauruan Protestant Church since November, 1965, has returned to Sydney. He is taking up a new post in the field of education.

The Matthews are happy to be reunited with three of their four children who are in school in Sydney.

The fourth, Rhondda, 4, was with them in Nauru. • Tebanga Village “choir” of Abemama, Gilbert Islands, recently made a week-long stay at nearby Kuria atoll. Led by Abemama’s High Chief, Paul Tekinaite Tokatake, the “choir”, consisting of about 30 Tebangan Village singers and dancers, travelled to Kuria by Gilbertese canoes. At Kuria, all stayed with Bingatake, a former DC of the Phoenix Islands. Both Paul and Bingatake are descendants of Abemama’s Binoka royal family. 9 Mr. Per J. D. Tobiesen, a United Nation’s economist, has joined the staff of the Central Planning Office of Fiji’s Ministry of Finance as a project evaluation specialist. Mr.

Tobiesen, 46, obtained his Master’s Degree in Economics at Oslo University in 1947. His wife and three children accompanied him to Fiji. • The Rev. Brian Ranford, who, with his wife Margaret, put in eight years’ service with the-then London Missionary Society in the Ellice Islands before being transferred to Tarawa just over a year ago, admits he’s never found his sealegs.

Mr. Ranford travelled to all the atolls of Ellice many times in the mission ship John Williams VII and really copped some “blows”. These days he’s far happier—when there is time—working on the grammar of the Ellice language that’s occupied him for the past five years. • Two new members have been appointed to the BSIP Executive Council by the High Commissioner.

They are Mr. David Kausimae, Legislative Council member for South Malaita, and Mr. Jack Campbell, LegCo member for Makira-Ulawa.

These two new appointments are to replace Mr. M. Kelesi (North East Malaita) and Mr. B. Devesi (North Guadalcanal), who have resigned from Exco. Mr. W. D. Ramsay (Honiara) and Mr. G. Siama (North Western Solomons) have been reappointed to the Executive Council for 1969. Mr. W. A. Wright, The Acting Secretary for Protectorate Affairs, has been appointed a temporary public service member of LegCo and a temporary member of the Executive Council during the absence on leave of Mr. Roy Davies. • Nauru has two new university graduates. Miss Margaret Jacob has graduated in Arts from the Australian National University and Mr.

Kinza Clodumar has graduated in Economics at the same university. • Mr. R. G. (Robby) Roberts, now a top hand in the GEIC’s Secretariat at Bairiki, Tarawa, likes nothing better than a good swim off one of the atoll's reefside beaches or a yap about the colony's old traders or Gilbertese kings. A confirmed bachelor, NZ-born Robby has put in 22-odd years in the GEIC; he now can churn out more historical anecdotes than any other resident.

Captain Campbell 116 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

• Gilbertese will sing, dance or strum a guitar at the drop of a hat.

As a result it didn't take a lot of persuading to get Misses Terebeih Kaiaman, 20 (left), and Tiroko Nawaia, 23, of Tarawa's Otintai Hotel, to grab, respectively, a Ukelele and a guitar to pose for a PIM staff writer who happened to be passing. 117 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Above; Paulus Arek (bearded) and John Maneke, members of the P-NG House of Assembly, in Canberra in January on their way home from the UN and Africa. Above right: Wife of P-NG's Ministerial Member for Labour, Mrs. Toua Kapena, about to cut a ribbon to launch, in Port Moresby, Steamships Trading Co.'s latest coastal trader, the "Simon Ruiero". Below: Two students from W. Samoa, Fa'avaefou Malo (left) and Vasa Fa'amoe, smile after receiving English Language diplomas from the English Language Institute, Wellington, NZ. With them is Miss J.

Stewart, student officer, NZ Department of External Affairs. Below right: B. Chan, his wife (Rabaul) and Mrs. G. Seeto (Wewak) in Port Moresby. Mr. Chan recently organised a package tour to South-East Asia of 25 territory Chinese residents (photo: Chin H. Meen). 118

February. 1 9 6 9 -Pacific Islands Monthly

Above; NZ MP's in Rarotonga in December, left to right—Chief Judge Fraser (with umbrella), Mr. Pickering, Mrs. Fraser, Mr. A. R. Henry, Premier of the Cooks, Mr. Douglas, Mrs. Henry. Photo: Van Eijk and Meers. Below left: Mikaio Rorobuaka, a teacher from Tarawa, who has spent a year at the Teachers' Training College, Claremont, WA. With him is F. Davies, his course supervisor. Below; Sir Robert Foster, in one of his last functions as Western Pacific High Commissioner, accepts in Honiara 595 radios presented to the Solomons on behalf of the Foundation of the Peoples of the South Pacific by Dr. J. McNamara (at left). 119 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 196 9

Above: Three newly-engaged couples celebrate at the Three-Mile Club, Port Moresby. They are, left to right—Steven Tam and Maree Mowley, Michael Sharkey and Tip Yin Ling, Jackie Freeman and Willie Luk. Below left: A recent wedding in Sydney between former New Guinea resident Martin Kerr, of Lowry Bay, Wellington, NZ, and Miss Marie Rugg, of Devon, England (left). The bridesmaid was Miss Anna McGlaughlan, of England, and the best man was New Guinea identity John Pasquarelli (right). Below right: At a recent Islanders' Association of Sydney social night, Ben Chandler of Suva, with Carol Day.

FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Business and Development THERE IS $150,000,000 WORTH OF

Timber In The Bsip'S Forests

From GLEN WRIGHT, in Honiara The biggest single natural resource asset in the British Solomons is merchantable timber. Administration calculates its present worth at $A 150,000,000. Taking a long look into the future, it is setting up the infrastructure for forest exploitation on an increased, sustained-yield basis.

Present interest in the industry is such that four major logging and ten sawmilling companies are vigorously engaged in forestry operations, with the product going mainly to Japan, some to Australia.

First in, and the largest of the loggers, is Lever’s Pacific Timbers, a subsidiary of United Africa Company (Unilever). After a trial run on Gizo Island starting in 1964, it transferred to Ringi Cove, Kolombangara, where it has a 20 year supply of trees. There it has built a community of housing and other amenities for 300 personnel. Production started last June, at the rate of 2,000 hardwood logs a month. The staff came from Ghana, Africa, where Unilever has long been engaged in timbering. Foremen are native Ghanians, who will return to Africa after training Solomon Islanders as counterparts.

Five mobile mills Next in size is Kalena Timber Company, Viru Harbor, New Georgia, branch of a Philippines company owned by United States’ interests. It was initiated in 1967.

Others are: Allardyce Lumber Company, an Australian venture, on Santa Isabel Island (1965) and Shortlands Development Company, Shortland Islands (1966). Private enterprise sawmills are BSI Timbers, Tenaru, Guadalcanal and Mounga Sawmill, Kolombangara. Christian mission sawmills are Catholic and South Seas Evangelical on Malaita Island and Seventh-day Adventist on Vangunu. Five small mobile mills are scattered about the protectorate.

Log production has doubled each year. It was a million cubic feet in 1966, two and three fourths million in 1967, four and a half million in 1968, and target for 1969 is six million.

Total area of forest land is 1,325 square miles containing 345,000,000 cubic feet of merchantable timber of which 165,000,000 cubic feet are being worked or committed to exploitation. Some 180,000,000 cubic feet are unexploited.

Before 1964 only a small quantity of hardwood logs from Guadalcanal, and Kauri pine from Vanikoro Island, had been exported. The supply of Kauri ran out in that year.

By 1972 timber production should be 10,000,000 cubic feet and conservation practices are aimed at maintaining this optimum production annually.

Says Forest Conservator Keith Trenaman, “Our aim is in advance of the central concept of sustained yield.

We envisage enhanced productivity by planting trees on unused land.

Timber can be our most important crop”.

Trenaman’s basic philosophy and theory of procedure is contained in An electric crane at Lever's Pacific Timbers, Kolombangara, lifts logs from a truck (right) for workers to cut, measure and mark and then place on the stockpile. 121 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

his Forestry Draft White Paper, introduced recently in the BSIP Legislative Council. It proposed the establishment of Forest Areas wherein supplies of trees would be preserved for the next 35 years or until newlyplanted trees have grown big enough to be felled.

This proposal was strongly opposed by Melanesian members of the legislature who saw it as an infringement on rights of ownership. (PIM, Oct, 1968, p. 53). After debate, a solution was achieved: all Forest Areas will be cancelled as soon as alternative controls over imported timber resources can be enforced. One form will be a system of licensing the felling of trees; another will be government purchase or lease of forest lands. Also all timber cutting operations will be licensed to ensure control over their number and distribution.

Long-term marketing To implement local effort, United Nations Food and Agriculture Administration consultant A. J.

Browning is now in the protectorate to advise the government on longterm marketing prospects. His recommendations are expected to form the basis for the government’s ultimate choice of reafforestation methods.

Meanwhile the BSIP Forestry Department is actively engaged in research and experimentation. Seventy species of trees—4o introduced and 30 indigenous—are being studied.

Rates of growth in experimental plots have been favourable—very fast—in early stages. For example, a species of Eucalyptus that produces good general purpose timber as well as pulp grew 100 feet high and four feet in girth in 10 years.

Especially promising has been the performance in the past four years of a strain of Norfolk Island pine from Hawaii. It is a prime, finegrained, white softwood, free from knots. The trunk grows tall and straight. The only significant indigenous conifer is the Kauri pine which occurs only in the Santa Cruz Islands in small stands, now depleted of mature trees.

Reafforestation began in 1966.

Local, fast-growth hardwoods were replanted on logged-off land. The technique is “uniform system” line planting, whereby seedlings are set at intervals of seven to 10 feet in cleared lines nine feet wide, 66 feet apart throughout a cutover area, and given intense care for the first three years.

Big trees are poisoned to prevent competition with the seedlings. Replanting is begun three months after felling. Some of the seedlings are nursery stock but most are “wildings'’ gathered from the forest at large which are bedded in the nursery before being planted. About 1,000 acres had been replanted by the end of 1968. The program for the next four years: 9,000 acres.

This method of reafforestation was decided upon because selective cutting (harvesting of only mature trees) is not feasible on account of high logging costs.

Problems that beset forestry administration elsewhere, especially the Americas, as result of logging, such as disposal of waste, disease, pollution of streams, and erosion of the land, are not yet present in the protectorate. Limbs, leaves and other slash left on the ground rot into valuable humus in two or three years.

Streams clear themselves by frequent flooding. However, erosion is a potential problem on the steep hillsides because of heavy rainfall. This is successfully counteracted by fastgrowth ground cover on flatter terrain.

Marketing, says Conservator Trenaman, is the key to forestry practice problems. Which are and will be the most saleable types of timber? From whence will come needed finance?

He is seeking guidance from the UN and successful timbering companies and money from private enterprise and the World Bank. Fundamental to all, he declares, is public ownership of forest lands. At present the productive Forest Estate consists of 225 square miles. A further 100 square miles should become available by transfer of privately held land. He favours outright purchase with 99-year lease and option of renewal as the less desirable alternative.

Future policy will be that of the controlled forest in water catchment areas; that is, all other agricultural cultivation will be prohibited.

A graduate of Oxford with a Forestry degree, Trenaman was born and reared in Devonshire. He served in the RAF as a pilot during World War 11, and from 1949 to 1956, when he assumed his present post, as government forester in Uganda, Africa.

He has a staff of eight senior officers, 20 junior technicians and local labor as needed, or about 150 in all. • "Timber slump only temporary ”.

See “Aid for NG timber”, p. 123.

The camp site at lever's Pacific Timbers, Kolombangara. The pre-fabricated aluminium houses accommodate 300 personnel (a quarter of them with families), offices, a school, a workshop, a store (with postal and banking agencies) and a first-aid post. The camp boasts a 24-hour electricity supply, a soccer pitch, a tennis court and a swimming pool.

BSIP Forest Conservator Keith Trenaman. 122 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Canberra Agents: BURNS PHILP TRUSTEE COMPANY (CANBERRA) LIMITED, Suite 601, C.M.L Building, University Avenue, CANBERRA CITY, A.C.T. 2601. — 9.613 Carpenter's NG tea goes to U.S.

Carpenter Holdings have made the first sale of New Guinea tea to the United States and Canada. The tea sold was part of the first commercial production from the group’s Kudjip estate factory, which was commissioned in November, 1968.

In all, the shipment totalled about 10,000 lb of tea, and the prices obtained were “within the range currently being paid for quality teas on the London market,” said Mr.

C. H. V. Carpenter, the group’s chairman.

Rice price lower?

New prices for Australian rice— tipped to be lower than current prices —will be announced in NG soon, a couple of weeks before the present yearly rice agreement with NSW growers ends. They will be for three years.

A new three-year contract to supply NG with rice was recently agreed to by NG Trade and Industry Department officials, the NSW Rice Marketing Board and the Rice- Growers’ Co-operative Mills Ltd. of NSW. Current prices are brown rice, dried, $136 a ton and white rice, $153 a ton.

Aid for NG timber The NG Administration has decided to help NG timber exporters, currently reeling under a slump in the industry because their major market, Japan, is offering poor prices.

Mr. D. Mclntosh, Director of Forests, recently told the NG Timber Industries Association that logging concerns could have their cases for assistance examined by his department. He predicted the slump would be “temporary” and said signs of recovery were evident because more buyers were becoming interested in territory logs.

Manganese, logging developments in Fiji More and more Australian money is going into Fiji. Two recent Australian investments are a $750,000 deal to get exports of high-grade manganese started from a 1,200-acre mining area near Lautoka, and a massive logging operation on 130,000 acres of Vanua Levu bushland.

Southland Mining Ltd., registered in Sydney, recently issued a prospectus offering 2,152,000 25 cent shares to exercise options held by a wholly-owned Fiji subsidiary, Manganex Ltd., over mining and prospecting tenements held by Mr. Hari Akhil and Akhil Holdings Ltd. Mr.

Akhil is a Lautoka businessman with Australian horse-racing interests.

The Sydney company also hopes to buy and develop nickel leases in New Caledonia.

Westralian Plywoods Pty. Ltd. has taken out a 30-year timber lease on Vanua Levu and plans to step up log output. Plans are to increase production from 3J million log feet annually to a level of 20 million log feet by the mid-1970’5. Plywood, veneer and sawn timber mills will go up.

Tonga has its own tobacco factory Three hundred pounds of readyrubbed “Friendly Cut” cigarette tobacco is coming out daily from the Polynesian Tobacco Company’s factory, opened recently in Nukualofa, Tonga.

It’s made from leaf imported from 123 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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Gizo i Yandina [ 8.5.1. P.

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Cable Address

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Allmex House, 36 Canning Place, Liverpool 1, England AGENTS FOR: Royal Exchange Assurance British Seagull Outboard Motor Renault Motor Company Hitachi Radios and Appliances Vespa Scooters Hill's Coffee Exporters of Biscuits, Trochus Shell and other Sea Shells and other Island Commodities.

Our Motto: QUALITY INTEGRITY SERVICE the US, Africa and North Queensland, Manufacturers say quality is up to the best overseas standards of fine-cut tobacco. A two-ounce pack sells for 5 seniti cheaper than the imported brand.

PTC, with registered offices in Brisbane and a $lOO,OOO capital, has several Tongan shareholders but the real owner is Mr. John Nelson, a Brisbane businessman. He was one of the last individual tobacco manufacturers in Brisbane before he sold to Rothmans of Pall Mall (Australia). His son, Michael, is Tongan manager.

Aims are to grow tobacco in Tonga, and hopes have switched from the too-rich Tongatapu soil to Ha’apai and Vavau.

Under Michael Nelson, Tongan labour is employed and staff training includes the processes of tobacco manufacturing and blending.

Machines from Britain are installed and they are capable of cutting up to 3,000 lb per day.

Marketing goes through local wholesalers, and there are prospects for cigarette making and exporting.

There is no reason why the venture should fail.

Competition soon for NG pyrethrum?

Experts differ on how long newlydeveloped synthetic pyrethrum will take to compete with NG’s infant Highlands pyrethrum industry.

NG’s acting Director of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Mr. G.

K. Graham, says it may be “several years”, but British chemists at the Rothamsted Experimental Station, who have developed the synthetic pyrethrum, say it will go on the world market late this year.

News that a substitute had been developed came in January a little over a week after Stafford Allen (NG) Ltd. of Mt Hagen, announced prices from February would be increased from 15 to 17 cents a lb for dried pyrethrum flowers, Stafford Allen said the price rise was to “stimulate production”.

Pyrethrum currently earns NG about $400,000 in exports. All exports go to Britain, Problems for BSIP rice export Guadalcanal’s rice production next year should exceed 4,000 tons from planned planting of 4,500 acres, fully meeting the Protectorate’s need and providing a 1,000 ton surplus for export, according to J. Holsheimer, BSIP Agricultural Officer for rice experiment.

This acreage is about double that for the 1968 crop, which produced about 2,000 tons of processed rice and fell short of local consumption by about 1,000 tons.

Guadalcanal Plains Ltd. reports increased interest from overseas in locally grown rice and samples are currently being dispatched in response to inquiries from Indonesia, New Caledonia and Guam for bulk supplies of 2,000 to 4,000 tons.

Mr, Holsheimer is recommending that the Agricultural Department resume irrigation experiments.

Bright prospects apart, the next six months will tell if GPL’s ambitious plans for rice exports will work.

There is a big problem to be overcome yet—the right rice for the right markets has not been developed.

Some interested buyers overseas want short-grain rice and others want long-grain; other customers are loath to commit themselves to a new producer until he can prove by performance he can supply regularly.

An export trial of five tons of GPL rice to the Gilberts was a flop 124 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

—the Gilbertese wouldn’t eat the rice.

GPL may have started exporting too early before it had really examined the market it was aiming at.

Problem now is to come up with rice a Gilbertese, Fijian, New Hebridean and New Caledonian will eat. Unfortunately, at present they aren’t all interested in the same variety.

January's world copra market report Mr. lan McDonald, chairman of the P-NG Copra Marketing Board, reported on January 23: The firm upward trend in copra prices is still in evidence, and it seems likely that the average Philippine price this month will be as much as SAS or more above December’s price.

Probably the dock strike in the US has been the main reason for the firming in copra and most other edible oil prices. This strike has now been on for more than a month and could continue much longer.

Another matter which has affected the edible oil market is the subsidy of 2c per lb on shipments of lard to the UK, imposed by the US Government. However, this is not expected to have any major bearing on the price of laurics, but has served to create some reticence on the part of all oil seed buyers.

There has been a further decline in Malayan copra production, and combined with a lack of rain in the Philippines, it is not expected that the copra supply position will improve very greatly over the next few months.

Fish oil production has fallen away sizeably over the past six months, and although expanding supplies of palm oil and possibly ground nuts are becoming available, it is expected that the general firmness in food oil prices will continue for some time.

Papua and New Guinea production reached 134,500 tons in 1968, 10 per cent, .higher than for the previous record year of 1965, and 19,000 tons, or almost 17 per cent, higher than 1967.

At present, production is well below peak levels, but could reach over the 130,000 tons mark this year. • In 1968, P-NG’s Development Bank lent s3i-million to 609 borrowers, 471 of whom were New Guineans. As from January of this year, the bank also takes over 289 loans totalling nearly $7-million from the Ex-Servicemen’s Credit Board.

Tougher Treatment For Fish Poachers

The grounding on a Tongan reef in December of the Pago-based, Korean fishing vessel, the Nam Hae No. 225, ( PIM, Jan., p. 133) has caused a stir in Tonga about territorial fishing rights. An inquiry to decide what to do with the equipment salvaged from the vessel is to be held.

Though the vessel broke up not long after hitting the reef, the crew of 19 escaped and most of the vessel’s equipment was salvaged.

The Tongan Minister for Customs, as Receiver of Wreck, is holding the salvaged material.

In 1966, Tonga announced that foreign fishing vessels found fishing in her territorial waters would have their catch confiscated. But there has been no action since then—even though foreign vessels have been reported in these waters. The inquiry may mean the beginning of a tougher attitude.

Meanwhile, New Guinea is making no bones about allowing foreign vessels into her waters. After January 31, foreign vessels can’t enter a 12-mile declared fishing zone around P-NG. Entry to territory ports will only be permitted in cases of “real or unforseen emergency” or where prior permission had been obtained for entry of vessels engaged in fisheries or oceanographic research.

Tonga still hopeful that oil fever will pay off From a Nukualofa correspondent “We have genuine oil seepages; geologists have studied the formation of the Tongan Group and they think the prospects warrant further investigation, I think indications are promising because they have attracted oil companies prepared to search— a good start.

“Much time and expense will be incurred, geological and geophysical surveys, complicated and sophistocated methods will all have to be done first before drilling starts, and only after drilling and oil has been found in economic accumulations will we know. Now it is gratifying to realise our seepages have attracted many companies to apply for prospecting rights.”

This was the not unreasonable summing-up of Tonga’s oil potential by Mr. Inoke Faletau, Assistant Secretary to Government, before he left with the Minister of Lands and Health, Laufilitonga Tuita, for Britain on January 8 clo^F'on*January W S T ,anuary 6 ’ “d Mr Tuita applications.

The pair took the applications to Britain where they would be discussed by technical and legal experts in the presence of King Taufa’ahau, currently visiting Britain.

In London in late January the King was quoted as saying the oil samples had proved to be of high quality.

Commenting on his earlier visit to Australia last year with the Crown Solicitor, Mr. Daniel Tufui, when soil seepages first were discovered, Mr. Faletau said they had gleaned much information on the legal and administrative side of prospecting.

Britain had had one of her experts check legislation and this expert had also redrafted most of the Tongan Petroleum Act.

Now legislation encompassed offshore drilling and drilling beyond a depth of six feet as well as land drilling. The new act gave all overseas companies equal opportunity to apply for prospecting rights, provided they are registered within British territory.

It is possible that Tonga will have the services of an overseas oil advisor throughout the period of exploration but this will be decided finally at the meeting in London. 125 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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PLAYER’S GOLD LEAF one of the great cigarettes 0671-5/67 126 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Last Sales Sydney

Dec. 20 Jan. 23 A. Lemon ,50 ... . .95 .92 ANG Hold. 1.00 . . . .90 .87 Bali Plantations .50 1.00 .97 Burns Philp 1.00 . . . 6.12 4.96 Burns Philp (SS) 2.05 . 4.20 4.30 Camelec .50 .68 .66 Carpenter .50 ... . 2.90 2.98 Choiseul Plntn. 1.00 . 3.85 4.20 C.S.R. 1.00 5.94 6.30 Dylup Plntn. .50 . . . .98 .90 Fiji Industries 1.02 . . 2.50 2.70 Kerema Rubber .50 . . .25 .20 Koitaki Rubber .50 . . .90 .89 Lolorua Rubber .50 . . .30 .26 Makurapau Plntn. .50 . .64 .60 Mariboi Rubber .50 . . .30 .26 Plantation Hldgs. .50 . .58 .56 Queensland Ins. 1.00 . 5.70 5.90 Rubberlands .50 . . . .25 .20 Sogeri Rubber .50 . . .60 .60 Sth. Pac. Ins, .50 . . 2.00 2.00 Steamships Tdg. .50 . .80 .83 Watkins Cons. .50 . . 1.40 1.50

Oil And Mining Shares

C.R.A. .50 22.00 19.40 Cultus Pacific .25 , . .40 .55 Emperor .10 2.85 3.80 NG Gold Ltd. .35 . . .76 .75 Oil Search .50 ... . .58 .66 Pacific 1. Mines .25 . .24 .37 Papuan Apin. .50 . . . .38 .50 Placer Dev.* . . . . * No par value 34.00 35.00 Produce Prices (Unless otherwise stated, quotations are in Australian currency. Australian dollar equals $l.OO New Zealand; 98-99 cents Fiji; 98 French Pacific francs; 80 cents Western Samoa; $l.OO Tonga; 9/3 sterling and $1.12 USA).

COPRA PAPUA-NEW GUINEA:—AII production is delivered to Copra Marketing Board, controlled by six members, including three planter's representatives. The board directs distribution and sales, and makes payments to the producers.

Production goes mainly to (a) Unilever, in UK, (b) Australia for local consumption, (c) crushing-mill in Rabaul, and (d) Japan (surplus as available).

P-NG prices for copra delivered main ports in Jan. were hot-air dried, $l5l per ton; FMS $l4B per ton; smoke-dried, $146 per ton.

FlJl:—Fiji's Coconut Industry Board fixes prices to be paid for copra on a formula based on Philippines copra, taking into account freight, taxes, selling costs, shrinkage, etc.

Copra must be graded at centres in Suva, Levuka, Lautoka, Savusavu and Taveuni. Prices in Suva until early Feb. were: Ist grade, SFI36; 2nd grade, SFI26; CAS, $F108.25. A scale of deductions has been established for copra delivered to grading centres other than Suva.

WESTERN SAMOA:—AII production is sold to the Copra Board of Western Samoa at fixed prices. The board makes payments to producers through its agents—local firms—and sells the copra on the open market with a portion of Abels Ltd., NZ. Prices in Jan. were SWSIO4 for Ist grade, SWSIO4 for Ist grade sun dried, and SWS9I for 2nd grade.

TONGA: —All copra is sold to the Tonga Copra Board which sends it to Europe and the open market. Jan. prices to growers were $T94.75 Ist grade and $T82.75 2nd grade.

SOLOMON IS.:—All production marketed through official Copra Board at prices based on Philippines rates. Output goes to Unilever, UK; to Australian crushers; and the rest to the open market. Prices in Jan. were; Ist grade, $140; 2nd grade, $136; 3rd grade, $126 per ton, BSIP ports (Honiara, Yandina and Gizo).

Exchange Rates

FlJl.—Through Bank of NSW, ANZ Bank, Bank of NZ, Bank of Baroda. Sterling dollar on Fiji dollar, buying £Stg.l = $F2.085; selling $2.11.

WESTERN SAMOA.—Through Bank of Western Samoa, controlled from NZ, seller SAI to SWS Tala 1.2470.

NORFOLK IS., PAPUA-NEW GUINEA. Australian currency used: no exchange payable in transactions with Australia.

FRENCH PACIFIC COLONIES.—Pacific francs (CFP) are used in New Caledonia, New Hebrides (jointly with Australian dollars), Wallis and Futuna Islands and Fr. Polynesia. French Bank, Sydney, on Jan. 24, quoted: Selling, Noumea and Papeete, 98 Pac. francs to $ Aust.; approx. 90 Pac. francs to US $; Noumea 18 Pac. francs to 1 French franc (conversion rate: 1 Pac. franc equals 0.055 French franc). Paris- London: Buying 11.83 francs to £Stg. Also, £Stg. equals 215.50 Pac. francs.

GILBERT AND ELLlCE;—Production marketed in Europe and Australia through official Copra Board, at prices based on Philippines rates less freight, etc. The board subsidises the price at $67.20 per ton for Ist grade.

NEW HEBRIDES:—Copra sold direct by planters to France and Japan. Official market price in Jan. was $9O (9,000 Pac. francs).

French price was 1,050 francs per metric ton, c.i.f. Marseilles.

COOK IS.:—Copra goes to Abels, Ltd., of Auckland, who operates NZ's copra crushing mill. Price paid is average London price for previous three months, less handling charges.

Prices for Jan., Feb. and Mar. have been fixed, subject to freight adjustment, at $NZ157.41 Ist grade, hot air dried; $NZ155.32 Ist grade, sun dried, and $NZ153.76 standard grade, all per ton packed f.o.b.

AMERICAN SAMOA:—Copra Board buys all copra, for export to the US; Dec. price was US64 cents per pound, dry.

Other Produce

BECHE-DE-MER: Chang Sing Loong Co., Suva, quoted F2oc (4 in. to 7 in.) to F3oc (9 in. to 11 in.) Ib for "Sucuwalu" and "Loaloa" varieties.

Honiara.—Live slugs, over six Inches, black six for 10c, other colours—l2 for 10c.

COCOA;—lslands rates are based on Ghana prices. Ghana price on Jan. 23 was £Stg.42o per ton, c.i.f., UK Spot.

On Jan. 24, Quote No. 1; In store Rabaul, export quality $BOO per ton, ex-wharf Sydney, $B7O, and steady. Quote No. 2: Best quality, ex-wharf Sydney, $B3O, in store NG ports $759 (for UK, Continent and USA shipments).

W. Samoa.—Latest price quoted in Sydney on Jan. 16, was Ist grade, £Stg.4ls; 2nd grade, £Stg.3Bs, f.o.b.

New Hebrides.—beach, Vila, Santo, $250 per ton.

Solomons.—s cents a Ib delivered to a fermentary, 4 cents a Ib at buying points.

COFFEE.—P-NG: Jan. 23, Quote No. 1, good quality A grade 38c to 41c per Ib; B grade 36£c to 40£c; C grade 32£c to 35c; X grade 36c to 39c and native X grade 34c to 35£c (ex-store Sydney).

CROCODILE SKINS.—On Jan. 24, Sydney buyers quoted for 12 in. and over, Ist grade quality as follows: P-NG—s2.9o per in., f.o.b. main ports, small scale (salt water); large scale (fresh water) $1.90 per in. 8.5.1., Honiara: $1.89 to $2.10 per in.; Gizo: $2.10 per in.

GREEN SNAIL SHELL.—On Jan: 24 Australian buyers report very little demand from Japan, Europe and the US. Prices not quoted: Honiara: 16c Ib.

PAPUAN GUM: New Guinea graded gum $lB5 per ton, f.0.b., Samarai, ungraded gum $174, f.0.b., NG.

PEANUTS.—P-NG: Sydney agents reported Jan. 24, f.0.b., Lae; Kernels—white Spanish 15c Ib.

PEARL SHELL.—Torres Strait Pearlshellers' Assn, recently quoted these prices for MOP: AA grade, $A1,250 per ton; A $1,450; B, $1,800; C, $1,900; D, $1,220; E, $B4O and EE, $6OO f.o.b. Thurs. Is.

Solomons.—Honiara, mother of pearl blacklip 15c Ib, goldlip 20c Ib.

Cook Islands.—Penrhyn Island, SNZ7OO a ton (approx.), f.0.b., Rarotonga.

PYRETHRUM. —NG growers, 17c Ib, flowers.

RICE (Aust.): Prices, until Mar. 31, 1969, are—P-NG: Dried brown rice, 112 Ib bags, $136 per ton, f.o.w. Sydney or 56 Ib bags, $153 per ton, f.o.w. Brown, Melbourne.

Vitamin-enriched white rice, 40 Ib bags $146 per ton. Other Pacific Islands: Polished white (56 Ib bags) or dried brown rice (112 Ib bags), $l6l per ton, f.o.w.

Solomons.—sls6 per ton (orders under 2 tons), $l4B per ton (over 2 tons), f.o.b.

Honiara.

RUBBER.—P-NG price is based on Singapore rates, which on Jan. 22 were: Prompt nominal shipment 59| Malayan cents per lb; Feb., M6O cents per lb and Mar., 60J cents per lb (all about 18J Aust. cents per lb).

SANDALWOOD;—New Hebrides, landed on the beach, Vila and Santo, $3OO a ton.

SHARK FINS: Chang Sing Loong Co., Suva, offers F4sc per lb for well-dried fins of commercial quality. ICEP Pty. Ltd., 22 Taylor St., North Curl Curl, Sydney, quote 65c to 85c lb., ex-store Sydney, according to quality.

TROCHUS.—A Sydney buyer indicated the following prices; Jan. 23—Papua—$140-$l5O per ton —Honiara —$140-$! 45 per ton, f.o.b.

Islands ports—direct shipment overseas.

TURTLE SHELL.—BSI: First grade unmarked 60c to $1.50 a (b at Gizo.

VANILLA BEANS.—Victor Karp Tulk & Co., Sydney, buy mainly from Tahiti for Sydney and Melbourne essence makers. Prices on Jan. 24 were: White and yellow label processed, standard packs, $5.80; green label $5.70, c.i.f., Sydney. Tonga.—sT4.2o, f.0.b., Nukualofa; $T4.50, Melbourne.

Uk, Us Quotes

COPRA: LONDON, Jan. 22, Philippines, in bulk, SUS2O6 per long ton, c.i.f. UK/Nth.

European ports; US Pacific coast SUSIBO per short ton.

COCONUT OIL: LONDON, Jan. 20, Ceylon, 1% in bulk, £Stg,l62 per ton, c.i.f. UK/Nth.

European ports.

RUBBER: LONDON, Jan. 22, Spot 21 fd Stg.

Ib; Feb. 21-l/16d Stg. Ib, Apr. 21 Jd Stg. lb.

Stock Market

Sydney stock exchange share price index for ordinaries on Jan. 23 was 619.02. On Dec. 20 it was 584.22. 127 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

manager (production) and chief engineer. He was also Ocean Island manager from 1951-1954 and had previously been on Nauru for a number of years as civil engineer and assistant Nauru manager.

Mr. Adams remains a member of the Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust.

Other members, apart from Mr.

Lockie, are Mr. L. J. Dooling, former Victorian manager of the Commonwealth Trading Bank, and Mr.

Theodore Moses, a Nauruan member of the Republic’s Melbourne office staff.

President Deßoburt, of Nauru, was to return to the republic from his overseas visit in time for the first anniversary of independence on January 31.

The principal reason for his trip was to attend the launching of Nauru's first trading vessel, the 5,700 ton general cargo and phosphate carrier, Eigamoiya (see pp. 28, 109).

President Deßoburt made his first official visit to the United States on his way home from the launching and made brief stopovers in New York and San Francisco with his wife, daughter Jeanette, and wife’s sister Winnie Harris, who attends school in Melbourne with Jeanette.

Also in the party was Mrs. Eliza Detudamo, wife of the Minister Assisting the President..

The president was to fly home via Majuro, in the Marshalls, and several official guests from the Marshalls will accompany him on the Fiji Airways charter.

Blow to Tongon banana industry Last year it was Western Samoa.

This year it's Tonga. In mid-January a hurricane struck the major bananaproducing districts of Tongatapu and caused widespread damage to fruitbearing trees. Officials estimate that Tonga's banana exports will be drastically reduced during the next six or seven months as a result of the hurricane.

One source said that shipments of bananas between February and July, previously expected at 50,000 to 60,000 cases, are now expected to fall as low as 5,000 cases.

According to Agriculture Department officials, who toured the stricken areas the morning after the hurricane, approximately 75 per cent, of the Tongatapu’s Eastern District bananas and 50 per cent, of the Western District bananas were blown down.

Haapai also suffered badly during the hurricane. It was pretty certain that she would not be able to fill her banana quotas for the next six or seven months.

At Nomuka, within the Haapai group, most banana trees were blown down by the hurricane, cancelling any possibility of February or March packing.

Death Of New

GUINEA'S

Norman Whiteley

A tribute by B. G. EDGELL Planters who were in New Guinea 40 years ago—and there aren’t many of them left—will be sorry to learn of the death of Norman Lane Whiteley, who died in Sydney in January, aged 74.

Norman Whiteley went to the territory in 1921, became manager for the Expropriation Board, and controlled various properties in the New Ireland and Manus districts.

In 1927, he acquired the Buke group plantations and Inrim plantation, both in the Manus district. Three years later he went into partnership with me, and together we controlled most of the properties in and around Manus.

After World War II the partnership became a company and, though Norman retired in 1955, he remained a director to the end.

He served with the Australians in the Field Artillery during World War I, and was wounded.

During the Japanese occupation in World War II, he escaped from Manus in the plantation schooner, and reached the mainland of New Guinea. He assisted in evacuating other planters and was eventually flown out of Mount Hagen, where he had trekked from Madang—a pretty hefty walk for a man minus half a foot (he lost part of his foot during World War I).

After the war, he re-opened the Edgell and Whiteley properties where plantation houses, stores, wharves and facilities had been destroyed by enemy action and/or “scorched earth” policy.

The success of the Edgell and Whiteley Ltd. operation over the years had been largely due to Norman’s sterling qualities.

Our partnership was certainly tried by the trials of adversity. In the depression years, when copra brought as little as £5 a ton “on the beach”, we eked out an existence by exploiting trochus shell and beche de mer, timber and anything else to keep the pot boiling.

Somehow, in those years, we were able to feed our 500 indentured native labour, while maintaining properties WALES APPOINTMENTS. Mr. G. J.

Heidtman (above) who was with the Suva branch of the Bank of New South Wales from 1955-56 and from 1959-60, has been appointed chief manager of the Bank in P-NG and manager of the Port Moresby branch. He took up his position in January. In other Wales' appointments recently, Mr. Alan D. Long has been made manager at Mount Hagen, NG, and Mr.

V. N. Weller has been named manager of a branch to be opened for the first time on Norfolk Island in February.

Mr. L. J. Lockie 128

Nauru Posts

(Continued from p. 35) FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Deaths Of Islands People

on Manus and 30 or more islands dotted north, south, east and west around the main Manus island, and as far afield as the lonely Purdy islands, 70 miles south of Manus.

Norman was a good book man, and at night he would write up our partnership books by Tilley lamp.

Even in the early days, we always knew how we were going because Norman got out his regular balance sheets in a form that many a better endowed organisation would have been proud of.

He is survived by his wife, Nita, and his sister, Mrs. Le Fanu. Nita nursed him through the illnesses.

Norman Whiteley was a credit to England, his place of birth, a credit to Australia, for whom he fought and bled, and an outstanding example of tolerance, understanding and integrity in New Guinea, the land of his adoption.

Mr. 0. K. Von Schill Mr. Oswald Kevin Von Schill, chairman of the P-NG Land Board, died on January 15 when the light aircraft he was in crashed on takeoff at Unea Island, Witu Group, north New Britain. The pilot and three other passengers escaped unhurt.

Mr. Von Schill, 41, served in the RAN from 1945 to 1947. He went to New Guinea as a draftsman in the Lands Department in 1955 from the New South Wales Lands Department.

In 13 years in NG’s Lands Department Mr. Von Schill was executive officer of the Land Board, Principal Lands Officer, Acting Chief of Division and chairman of the board from September, 1968.

His wife and four children, aged from eight to 16, live in Port Moresby.

In the absence of the Director of Lands, the Chief of Division of the Lands Department, Mr. N. Logan, said that the department was deeply shocked by Mr. Von Schill’s untimely death. He said that Mr, Von Schill was highly regarded as an efficient, loyal and pleasant officer who was popular with his colleagues. His death was a serious blow to the department.

At the time of the accident, the Land Board was touring the territory, interviewing applicants for leases in the West New Britain oil palm scheme.

Mr. R. J. Woolbridge The death occurred at Papakura, New Zealand, on November 28, of Mr. Robert John Woolbridge.

For many years he was Collector of Customs and Postmaster in Tonga —first at Vavau and later at Nukualofa.

He married Dorothy Whitcombe, the daughter of Mr. J. D. Whitcombe, once of Tonga and now resident in Auckland.

Mr. Woolbridge is survived by his wife, his sons David and Robert, and daughter Elizabeth (Mrs. Graham Coles), all of Papakura.

Mr. Abela Fred Williams Mr. Abela Fred Williams, longtime businessman and civil servant in the Cook Islands, died recently at his Rarotonga home. He was 77.

Seven times clerk-in-charge for Rakahanga and Manihiki he was made Commissioner of the High Court for the Northern Cooks in 1955. His business activities included copra dealing, pearl shell buying and operating cinemas.

He is survived by his wife and their two adopted children.

Mr. H. W. A. Riechelmann Mr. Henry William August Riechelmann, a longtime Tongan merchant, died in January in hospital at Glendowie, NZ.

Born in Nukualofa in 1890, Mr.

Riechelmann was educated in Tasmania and NZ. After his schooling, he joined his father who owned coconut plantations and a general store (now know as Riechelmann Brothers).

Mr. Riechelmann retired to NZ 11 years ago but he remained a director of the family firm and made frequent trips to Tonga.

Mr. Riechelmann’s family has long been connected with Tonga. His grandfather, Mr. William Cocker, was appointed first British Consul of Tonga during the reign of King George Tupou I, and it is believed that his mother, Charlotte Cocker, was the first white girl to be born in Tonga. Mr. Riechelmann himself often went fishing with King George Tupou 11.

Mr. Riechelmann is survived by his wife, his son, Cliff, his daughter, Mrs. Joy Mcßobie, and three grandsons.

Mr. Miramande Mr. Miramande, French Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides from 1913 to 1921, died recently in Agen, France, aged 100.

Mrs. May Paisley Mrs. May Paisley, widow of the late Sidney Paisley, a longtime planter in NG, died recently at Ballina, NSW.

Sidney Paisley had gone to NG in the thirties. They married during World War II and the couple lived on Burns Philp or Carpenter plantations on Bougainville, New Britain and the mainland.

Mr. G. J. Danielson George John Danielson, a carpenter for the US Navy in Pago Pago for 40 years, died at Aua, American Samoa, in early January.

He was 79.

Educated at Levuka, Fiji, and Napier, NZ, he became an apprentice carpenter and moved to Pago Pago in 1928. His wife died in 1946 and 13 of his 15 children survive him. • Each year the P-NG Administration provides approximately 20 scholarships to enable primary school pupils to receive secondary schooling in Australia, mainly in boarding schools in Queensland and New South Wales. This year 18 pupils have been selected from 98 applicants. They are drawn from Administration and mission schools all over the territory.

Mr. Norman Whiteley

PAPUA/NEW GUINEA CARGO- 90URS?

All Dressed Up

AND SOMEWHERE TO G 0...

Safely With

AWPv * *wp rr AWPL AWpl m K m A.WRL Australia-West Pacific Line is geared to the most advanced cargo handling techniques.

Take advantage of A.W.P.L.’s terminal facilities at Sydney, Melbourne and Lae.

Ship A.W.P.L. —Your cargo will like it!

For further information please contact: Wilh. Wilhelmsen Agency Pty. Ltd.— Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane Australia-West Pacific Line (N.G.) Pty. Ltd.— Lae New Guinea Company Ltd.— Port Moresby, Rabaul, Madang

Shipping & Airways Information

Shipping Timetables

Australia • Fiji - Usa - Canada

Pacific-Australia Direct Line, owned by the ransatlantic Steamship Co. Ltd., of Sweden, operates a fast cargo service, departing idelaide, Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane very three to four weeks for Lautoka and uva en route to West Coast, USA, and Canada.

Details from Trans-Austral Shipping Pty. td„ 275 George Street, Sydney (29-2551).

Orient Overseas Line, with four cargo vessels, perates a monthly service from Adelaide, \elbourne, Sydney and Brisbane to Suva, autoka, San Francisco, Puget Sound and ancouver.

Details from H. C. Sleigh Ltd., 115 York treet, Sydney (2-0253).

BRISBANE - SYDNEY - WEST IRIAN - INDONESIA The P.N. Djakarta Lloyd Shipping Company perates a monthly cargo service from Indoesia to Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne, alls are also made every 8-10 weeks at ukarnapura.

Details from John Manners and Co. (Aust.) ty. Ltd., general agents, 4 Bridge Street, ydney (27-9164).

Sydney - Fiji

CSR operates a passenger/cargo run with the IV Rona, departing Sydney every three to >ur weeks for Suva and Lautoka and return.

Details from Colonial Sugar Refining Co.

Id., 1 O'Connell Street, Sydney (2-0515).

Sydney - Fiji - Tonga - Samoa

Union Steam Ship Co. maintains a six-weekly irgo service with the Waimate from Sydney i Lautoka, Suva (including transhipments for avau and Niue), Nukualofa and Apia with ■turn to Sydney via Auckland. The return trip :casional!y takes in Malua (Fiji) and Tauranga IZ) for timber.

Details from Union Steam Ship Co. of NZ, <7 George Street, Sydney (2-0528).

Sydney - Nz - Fiji/Tahiti - Uk

Chandris liners Australis and Ellinis maintain two-monthly passenger service from Sydney a NZ, Suva (Australis only), Papeete (Ellinis ily) to Southampton, returning via South Frica.

Details from Chandris Line, 135 King Street fdney (28-2451).

Sitmar Line, with four liners, operates a onthly passenger service from Sydney, Mel- >urne or Brisbane to Southampton, UK via alboa, Panama, via NZ, Fiji or Papeete.

Details from Sitmar Line, 22 Bridge Street rdney (27-4521).

Sydney - Geic - Honolulu

Columbus Lines of New York, operate approximately monthly passenger-cargo sailings from West Coast, USA (with occasional calls at Papeete or Pago Pago) to Australia and New Zealand, returning via Tarawa, GEIC (with transhipments to Majuro in the Marshall Islands) and Honolulu to Los Angeles or Vancouver.

Details from Shiptraco Sea Transport Services Pty. Ltd., 19 Bridge Street, Sydney (27-4149).

SYDNEY - LORD HOWE - NORFOLK IS. -

New Caledonia

Jacques del Mar II (owned by Societe Maritime Caledonienne, Noumea), makes a regular three weekly passenger-cargo voyage from Sydney or Melbourne to Lord Howe, Norfolk and Noumea.

Details from F. H. Stephens Pty. Ltd., 5 Macquarie Place, Sydney (27-8311).

Sydney - New Caledonia ■ New

Hebrides - Fr. Polynesia

Messageries Maritimes Line passenger-cargo vessels, Tahitien and Caledonien from Marseilles, via West Indies and Panama, call regularly at Papeete, Taiohae (Marquesas Group), Vila, Noumea and Sydney, and return by same route.

Polynesie maintains three-weekly passenger sailings between Sydney, Noumea, Vila and Santo.

Details from Messageries Maritimes, 2 Young Street, Sydney (27-2654), SYDNEY - NZ - FIJI - HAWAII -

Canada - Usa

P. and 0. Lines passenger vessels call approximately monthly at Auckland, Suva and Honolulu on eastbound and westbound voyages between Sydney and Vancouver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, with occasional calls at Pago Pago and Tonga.

Details from P. and 0. Lines of Aust. Pty.

Ltd., 55 Hunter Street, Sydney (2-0317).

SYDNEY - NZ - FIJI/COOKS - TAHITI -

Panama - Uk

Southern Cross, Northern Star and Akaroa passenger vessels each make four round-theworld voyages per year, from Southampton, UK, alternatively via South Africa and Panama, calling at Sydney, Wellington, Auckland, Rarotonga, Suva, and Papeete.

Details from Shaw Savill Line, 8a Castlereagh Street, Sydney (28-1828).

Sydney - Nz - Tahiti - Panama - Usa

Holland-America Line passenger vessel Maasdam leaves Sydney twice a year for Panama and USA, calling at Wellington and Papeete.

Details from Holland-America Line, cnr.

Bridge and Pitt Streets, Sydney (27-6432).

SYDNEY - NORFOLK IS. - NEW HEBRIDES - BSI MV Tulagi (passenger-cargo) leaves Sydney about every six weeks for Norfolk Is., Vila, Santo, Honiara and BSI ports.

Details from Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., 7 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0547).

Australia • P-Ng

Australia-West Pacific Line operates a regular cargo/passenger service from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane to Port Moresby, Lae, Madang and Rabaul.

Details from Wilh. Wilhelmsen Agency Pty.

Ltd., 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (27-6301).

Burns Phi Ip passenger/cargo vessels maintain regular services from the Australian East Coast to New Guinea ports.

Braeside sails every seven weeks from Melbourne and Sydney to Pt. Moresby, Samarai, Rabaul, Madang, Lae, Pt. Moresby, Sydney, Melbourne.

Moresby maintains a service from Sydney and Brisbane to Lae, Madang, Rabaul and return to Brisbane and Sydney.

Montoro sails every four weeks from Sydney to Brisbane, Pt. Moresby, Samarai and return.

BP, as agents for Queensland Papua Line, run a five-weekly service with Jo-Tor to Brisbane, Wewak, Lombrum, Lorengau and Kavieng.

Details from Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd., 7 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0547).

China Navigation vessel Papuan Chief runs a service every 17/18 days from Sydney to Brisbane and Pt. Moresby. China Navigation's Island Chief runs a service every 21 days from Sydney to Brisbane, Lae, Madang and Rabaul.

Details from Swire and Yuill Pty. Ltd., 2 Spring Street, Sydney (27-4701).

Karlander New Guinea Line's six cargo vessels leave Sydney approx, weekly for P-NG ports, calling at Brisbane, Pt. Moresby, Samarai, Rabaul, Lae, Madang, Wewak, Kieta, Fulleborn, Gizo, Honiara, Buka and Vanimo.

Details from F. H. Stephens Pty. Ltd., 5 Macquarie Place, Sydney (27-8311).

Amplex NG Lines, with the freighter Jette Bue, operates a three-weekly service from Sydney to Rabaul, Lae and Fulleborn, and return.

Details from Auscan Shipping Pty. Ltd., 68 Pitt Street, Sydney (27-9886).

Messrs. Keith Holland Shipping Company uses a small motor vessel Jardine to operate fortnightly services from Cairns, Queensland, to Pt. Moresby and Daru, and return.

Details from Herbert S. Craig, Box 12, Port Moresby (2728).

Sydney - P Ng - Far East

Austasia Line's passenger/cargo vessels Australasia and Malaysia run monthly between Australian ports (turn round at Melbourne) and Singapore, via Pt. Moresby and Djakarta.

Details from Blue Star Line (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 32-34 Bridge Street, Sydney (27-1271).

China Navigation Co. Ltd. vessels Changsha and Taiyuan provide a monthly passenger-cargo service calling at Pt. Moresby when northbound between Australia, Manila, Keelung and Hong Kong.

Details from Swire and Yuill Pty. Ltd., 8 Spring Street, Sydney (27-4701).

Dominion Far East Line vessels Francis Drake and George Anson maintain monthly passengercargo services between Sydney and Japan (via Manila, Hong Kong and Formosa), return via Guam, Details from H. C. Sleigh Ltd., 115 York Street, Sydney (2-0253). 131 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

UNION STEAM SHIP CO. of N.Z.

LIMITED Serving the Pacific for nearly 100 years.

Regular Sailings by Modem Vessels From Sydney to Lautoka, Suva (including transhipments for Vavau and Niue), Nukualofa and Apia.

Also from Auckland to Lautoka, Suva, Pago Pago, Apia, Niue, Vavau, Nukualofa.

Ship your cargo by a Union Company Vessel.

BRANCHES AT ALL MAIN AUSTRALIAN, NEW ZEALAND AND ISLAND PORTS.

Pacific Islands Transport Line

Owners: Thor Dahls Hvalfangerselskap A/S —Sandefjord, Norway.

Motor Vessels "THORSGAARD" and "THOR I"

Regular Freight and Passenger Services between Pacific Coast Ports of U.S.A. and Canada and

Tahiti - Samoa - Tonga - Fiji - New Caledonia

New Hebrides

GENERAL STEAMSHIP CORPORATION LTD.

General Agents 400 California Street, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

APlA—Burns Philp (South Sea) Company, Ltd.

PAPEETE Agence Maritime Internationale Tahiti.

PAGO PAGO—G. H. C. Reid & Co.

NOUMEA—Etablissements Ballande.

SYDNEY—Trans-Austral Shipping Pty. Ltd.

SUVA—Burns Philp (South Sea) Company, Ltd.

LAE/RABAUL—Burns Philp (New Guinea) Ltd.

PORT VILA Comptoirs Francais da Nouvelles Hebrides.

EUROPE - TAHITI - W. SAMOA -

Tonga - Fiji - N. Caledonia

Nederland Line Royal Dutch Mail and Royal Rotterdam Lloyd operate a regular passenger/ cargo service from the Continent and UK every three weeks via Panama to Tahiti, Western Samoa, Fiji and New Caledonia, and every alternate month from Panama to Tahiti, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Transhipments for Tonga, Am. Samoa, Niue and Fiji ports are off-loaded at Suva (Fiji) and Apia (Western Samoa).

Details from Royal Interocean Lines, 261 George Street, Sydney (2-0573).

Far East - Fiji

China Navigation Co. Ltd. four "K" vessels operate a monthly cargo service from Japan and Hong Kong southwards to Fiji direct, returning to Japan via NZ and the Far East.

CTetails from Swire and Yuill Pty. Ltd., 8 Spring Street, Sydney (27-4701).

Sydney - Nz - New Caledonia - New

Hebrides ■ Fr. Polynesia - Fiji

Messageries Maritimes operates a six-weekly service from Sydney to Melbourne, Auckland, Noumea, Vila or Santo, Papeete, Suva, and return.

Details from Messageries Maritimes, 2 Young Street, Sydney (27-2654).

EUROPE - TAHITI ■ NEW CALEDONIA - AUSTRALIA Messageries Maritimes vessels Marquisien, Malais, Mauricien and Maori, run monthly between France and New Zealand or Australia via Panama Canal, calling at Papeete and Noumea.

Messageries Maritimes passenger-cargo vessels Vivarais, Vanoise, Velay, Ventoux and Vosges run monthly between France and Noumea via South Africa and Australia. From Sydney, vessels go to Noumea; return to France via Brisbane and southern Australian coastal ports.

Details from Messageries Maritimes, 2 Young Street, Sydney (27-2654).

Far East - Fiji - Nz

Royal Interocean Lines operate a monthly return service with the Straat Torres, Straat Madura and Houtman from Hong Kong, Bangkok (opt.), Pt. Swettenham and Singapore to Fiji and NZ, calling at Suva and Lautoka, and returning via the Philippines.

Details from Royal Interocean Lines, 261 George Street, Sydney (2-0573).

FAR EAST - P-NG - BSI - NEW HEBRIDES - NEW CALEDONIA - TAHITI - AM.

Samoa - Fiji

China Navigation vessels Chengtu and Chekiang maintain a monthly cargo service from Japan and Hong Kong to Rabaul, Kavieng, Madang, Lae, Samarai, Pt. Moresby, with regular calls at Wewak, Honiara, Santo, Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Suva, Lautoka and Noumea returning to Japan direct.

Details from Swire and Yuill Pty. Ltd., 8 Spring Street, Sydney (27-4701).

Geic - Sydney

The GEIC Wholesale Society operates a seven-weekly cargo service between Tarawa and Sydney, using Moanaraoi.

Details from Kerr Bros. Pty. Ltd., 4 O'Connell Street, Sydney (28-1474).

Japan - New Guinea

Mitsui Osk Lines of Japan, with six cargo vessels, operate a monthly service from major Japanese cities to major NG ports, and return.

Details from Mcllwraith McEacharn Ltd., 247 George Street, Sydney (27-1481).

JAPAN - SAMOA - FIJI - N. CALEDONIA •

N. Hebrides - Bsi

Daiwa Line runs a monthly passenger/cargo service from Japan via Guam to Apia, Pago Pago, Suva, Labasa, Lautoka, Noumea, Vila, Santo and Honiara.

Details from Burns Philp (SS), Suva.

NEW ZEALAND - COOK IS.

NZGS Moana Roa (40 passengers) makes monthly trips from Auckland to Rarotonga, with calls at Niue and other Cook Islands when cargo warrants.

Details from NZ Department of Island Territories, Wellington (71-846) or any office of Union SS Co. of NZ, Ltd.

Nz - Fiji - Tonga - Samoas

Union Steam Ship passenger-cargo vessels Tofua and Taveuni (cargo only) leave Auckland alternately every two weeks. Tofua calls at Suva, Niue, Pago Pago, Apia, Vavau, Nukualofa, Suva and Auckland. Taveuni calls at Lautoka, Suva, Pago Pago, Apia, Haapai, Nukualofa, Suva and Auckland.

Details from USS, Quay and Commerce Streets, Auckland (379450).

Nz - Cook Islands - Tahiti

Holm and Co. Ltd. vessels Luhesand and Fahrmannsand maintain a 28-day service from Auckland, NZ, to Rarotonga and Papeete, with other Island calls when cargoes warrant.

Details from Holm and Co. Ltd., Customs Street East, Auckland (49930).

NZ - TAHITI ■ UK New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd.'s vessel Rangitoto, operating between NZ and UK, via Panama, makes an occasional call at Tahiti, Northbound and southbound.

Details from NZ Shipping Co. Ltd., Customhouse Quay, Wellington, NZ, or P and 0, Sydney (2-0317).

Nz • N. Caledonia - Ng - Norfolk

ISLAND NZ Export Line operates a 28-day service from Auckland to Noumea, Pt. Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Norfolk Island, and return.

Details from Maritimes Service Ltd., 22 Kitchener Street, Auckland, or Shiptraco, Sydney (27-4149). 132 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

LIHS

Baiwa Line

JAPAN/HONGKONG/PHILIPPINES/ WEST NEW GUINEA SERVICE

Japan/South Pacific Service

Direct Monthly Service

Japah Guam & South Pacific

M.V "TOKAI MARU // Voy . 9 Guam March 5/6 Tarawa March 14/14 Pago Pago March 18 Suva March 22/23 Noumea March 29/30 Santo April 13 Apia March 19/20 Lautoka March 26/27 Vila April 9 ★Subject to cargo inducement.

Heavy Lift Available.

Subject to alteration with or without notice.

Next Sailing — M.V.“SAMOA MARlT’Voy.ll, End March. liiin THE DAIWA NAVIGATION CO., LTD.

Osaka 'Dailine" Tokyo 'Funedailine"

AGENTS: GUAM; Atkins, Kroll (Guam) Ltd.

APIA: Burns Philp (South Sea) Company, Ltd.

V PAGO PAGO: B. F. Kneubuhl., Inc.

NUKUALOFA: Tonga Shipping Agency.

SUVA: Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

LAUTOKA; Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

NOUMEA: Agence Maritime pentecost.

SANTO; South Pacific Fishing Co. (N.H.) Pty. Ltd.

VILA: Burns Philp (New Hebrides) Ltd.

HONIARA: British Solomons Trading Company Ltd.

PAPEETE; Etablissements Baldwin.

Nz - Norfolk Is. - New Caledonia •

New Hebrides - Wallis Is. - Fiji

Reef Shipping Company, Suva, operates a three-weekly service from NZ ports to Norfolk Is., Noumea, Vila, Wallis Is. and Suva, and return to Auckland.

Details from Trans Pacific Marine, 29-31 Fort Street, Auckland (41-873).

Nth America - Tahiti - Am. Samoa

Polynesia Line vessel Graziella Zeta maintains a regular seven-week cargo route (with limited passenger space) from Los Angeles, San Francisco, Coos Bay (British Columbia) to Papeete and Pago Pago and return the same way.

Details from Marine Chartering (Aust.) Pty.

Ltd., Box 1631, GPO, Sydney (26-6701).

Tonga ■ Fiji - Australia

Tonga Copra Board vessel Niuvakai operates a 49-day passenger-cargo service from Melbourne and Sydney to Lautoka, Suva, Apia, Pago Pago and Nukualofa.

Details from Burns Philp and Co. Ltd., 7 Bridge Street, Sydney (2-0547).

Tonga - Fiji - Samoa

Tonga Shipping Agency operates a cargopassenger run from Nukualofa and Fiji (Suva, Lautoka, Ellington, Rotuma) with MV Aoniu.

Calls are also made as required at Apia and Pago Pago.

Details from Burns Philp (SS), Suva.

Uk ■ Panama - Samoa - Fiji

The Fiji Direct Service is maintained by Conference vessels, sailing at regular monthly intervals out of London, via Panama, for Apia, Suva and Lautoka. Bethel), Gwyn and Co. Ltd., act as Loading Brokers in London.

Details from Burns Philp (SS), Suva.

UK - PAPUA - NG - BSi Bank Line operates a monthly direct service from Europe via South Africa to Pt. Moresby, Samarai, Lae, Madang, Wewak, Kavieng, Rabaul and Honiara, occasionally extending to Tarawa, GEIC, or Vila and Santo, New Hebrides.

Details from Bank Line (A/asia.) Pty. Ltd., 269 George Street, Sydney (27-2041).

Uk - Tahiti - Nz - Australia

Cogedar Line vessel Flavia, operates a passenger service four times a year from Southampton, via Panama, Papeete and Auckland, to Sydney.

Details from agents: H. C. Sleigh, 115 York Street, Sydney (2-0253).

USA ■ AM. SAMOA ■ HAWAII ■ AUSTRALIA Matson-Oceanic Line operates a monthly passenger-cargo service from Los Angeles with the Sonoma, Sierra and Ventura. Regular calls include Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide, Burnie, Pago Pago and Honolulu.

Details from Matson Lines, 50 Young Street, Sydney (27-4272).

USA - PACIFIC PORTS - NZ ■ AUSTRALIA - USA Bank Line Ltd., operates regular services from US Gulf ports to Australia and NZ.

Frequency of sailings offering fortnightly availability for calls at Suva and Lautoka on demand.

Details from Bank Line (A/asia.) Pty. Ltd., 269 George Street, Sydney (27-2041).

Matson Line liners Mariposa and Monterey maintain a regular passenger/cargo service every three weeks from San Francisco and Los Angeles to Bora Bora, Papeete, Rarotonga, Auckland, Sydney, and return via Noumea, Suva, Niuafoou, Pago Pago and Honolulu to San Francisco.

Details from Matson Lines, 50 Younq Street Sydney (27-4272).

Usa ■ Tahiti - Australia

Farrell Lines passenger-cargo ships on US Atlantic Coast-Panama-Sydney service makes three-weekly calls at Tahiti on southbound voyages.

Details from Wilh. Wilhelmsen Agency, 13 Bridge Street, Sydney (27-6301).

USA - TAHITI - SAMOA ■ FIJI ■ NEW CALEDONIA Pacific Islands Transport Line's vessels Thorsgaard and Thor I maintain approximately monthly services from West Coast Nth. American ports to Papeete, Pago Pago, Apia, Suva, Noumea, occasionally Pago, Apia, Suva, Noumea, and occasionally Lautoka, Vila, Lae, Rabaul, and return.

Details from Trans-Austral Shipping Pty.

Ltd., 275 George Street, Sydney (29-2551).

Airways Timetables

Trans Pacific Services

Sydney - Brisbane - Hawaii - Us

Qantas, with 707's, operates weekly services from Sydney and San Francisco, departing on Thurs.

Sydney - Fiji - Hawaii - Usa

Qantas, with 707's, operates daily services, except on Thurs., from Sydney to San Francisco, and from San Francisco daily, except Thurs.

Sat. flights by-pass Fiji.

BOAC, with 707's, operates services on lues., Thurs. and Sun. out of Sydney and Tues., Thurs. and Sat. out of San Francisco. 133 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Single Pocket Divider

This unit is used in the bread trade for dividing bulk dough into scaled pieces of 6 ozs to 48 ozs.

The feature of this machine is that it does not knock the dough about but divides the dough very gently.

The unit is driven by a 1 H.P. 3 Phase motor with a chain drive to the machine, all being enclosed underneath the machine.

The output of the unit is 22? to 40 pieces per minute.

L r SMALL & SHATTELL PTY. LTD.

Bakery Engineers

41-49 Johnston Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia 3065. Phone: 41 2167, 41 2168.

Sydney - Fiji - Tahiti - Mexico

Qantas, with 707's, operates weekly services out of Sydney on Wed, and return out of Mexico City on Sat. Stops are made en route at Acapulco.

SYDNEY or AUCKLAND - FIJI - HAWAII - CANADA Canadian Pacific, with DCB's, operates weekly services out of Sydney and Vancouver on Fri., and fornightly services out of Auckland on alternate Wed.

Sydney - Nz - Hawaii Or Tahiti - Usa

Air-NZ, with DCB's, operates services out of Sydney and Los Angeles on Wed., Fri. and Sun.

SYDNEY - USA (VIA N. CAL., NZ, FIJI,

Am. Samoa Or Hawaii)

PanAm, with 707's, operates nine return trans-Pacific services a week out of Sydney and Los Angeles. Planes connect with through services to the Far East, London and New York. Two services operate out of Sydney on Mon. and Wed., and two services operate out of Los Angeles on Sat. and Mon.; other services daily.

Jets fly Sydney-Hawaii non-stop both ways Mon., Tues., Thurs. and Sat.

SYDNEY or NOUMEA - USA (via FIJI, NZ or TAHITI) UTA, with DCB's, operates out of Sydney on Fri., and Noumea on Mon. and Thurs.

Mon., Thurs. and Fri. services operate from Los Angeles.

Nz - Am. Samoa - Tahiti Or Hawaii ■

USA PanAm, with 707's, operates services out of Auckland on Mon., Wed., Thurs., Fri,, and out of San Francisco on Tues., Wed. and Sat.

Mon. flights departs Honolulu for Auckland, via Pago Pago.

INDONESIA or MALAYA - USA (via

Darwin, Noumea, Nz Or Tahiti)

UTA, with DCB's, operates a weekly service out of Djakarta to Los Angeles on Wed. and return on Mon. A non-stop Noumea-Singapore flight operates on Thurs.

Australia-Far East

Sydney ■ P-Ng ■ Far East

Qantas, with 707's, operates services out of Sydney on Thurs. and Sun. to Pt. Moresby, Manila and Hong Kong, and return from Hong Kong on Fri. and Sun.

Australia-New Zealand

Qantas, Air-NZ, BOAC and PanAm operate regular trans-Tasman services. The Qantas and Air-NZ services link major NZ cities with Australian east coast cities.

Australia-Pacific Islands

(For other schedules touching these islands see also trans-Pacific services.)

Sydney - Fiji

Air-lndia, with 707's, operates weekly services to Nadi on Tues., returning to Sydney on Wed. Qantas, with 707's, will operate a weekly service from Feb. 22, on Sat., to Nadi, returning to Sydney the same day.

SYDNEY ■ LORD HOWE IS.

Airlines of NSW, with flying-boats, operates twice weekly, return services from Rose Bay, Sydney, to Lord Howe. More frequently as traffic demands.

Sydney - New Caledonia

Qantas/UTA, with 707's and DOS's, operate return services on Mon., lues., Thurs. and Sun.

Qantas operates Mon. and Thurs., UTA on Tues. and Sun.

Sydney - New Zealand - Fiji

BOAC, with 707's, operates services out of Sydney on Mon. and Sat., and out of Nadi on Tues. and Sun. NZ call is at Auckland.

SYDNEY - NORFOLK IS.

Qantas, with DC4's, operates at least two return services a week. More in holiday periods.

Australia - P-Ng

TAA and Ansett, with 727'5, each operate five times a week from Sydney or Melbourne to Pt. Moresby. Ansett doesn't operate on Tues. or Thurs., TAA doesn't operate on Mon.

Fri. and Sat. and Sydney on all other day; Both airlines operate a weekly DC4 with carge to NG.

Queensland - Papua

TAA and Ansett, with Fokkers, operate weekly services. TAA leaves Townsville, via Cairns, for Pt. Moresby on Tues. and returns on Thurs, Ansett leaves Cairns on Thurs. for Moresby and returns on Fri.

NEW ZEALAND-PACIFIC IS. (For other schedules touching these islands see also trans-Pacific services.) NZ - AM. SAMOA PanAm, with 707's, operates from Auckland to Pago Pago on Wed. and Thurs., and returns on Mon. and Wed. 134 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Students of Motu in the Terriory of Papua-New Guinea will be interested to know Pacific Publications Pty. ltd. has recently published a revised edition of

A Primer Of

POLICE MOTU by Percy Chatterton, LCP, MHA.

Price is 60c, plus 5c postage within P-NG, 10c airmail to Australia.

Sole distributor: Percy Chatterton, P.O. Box 572, Port Moresby, Papua.

NZ ■ FIJI Air-NZ, with DCB's, operates daily return services from Auckland to Nadi; there are extra Auckland-Nadi services Thurs. and Sat.

NZ - FIJI - AM. SAMOA Air-NZ, with DCB's, operates services out of Auckland on Thurs. and Sat. and from Pago Pago on Wed. and Fri.

Nz - New Caledonia

Air-NZ/UTA, with DCB's, operate twice weekly services from Auckland on Wed. and Sun.

NZ - NORFOLK IS.

Air-NZ, with chartered Qantas DC4's, operates a weekly service, leaving Nl on Sat. and Auckland on Sun.

Nz - Tahiti

UTA, with DCB's, operates from Auckland on Thurs. and from Papeete on Tues.

Air-NZ, with DCB's, operates from Auckland on Sun. and from Papeete on Sat.

Inter - Territory Services

Chile - Easter Is. • Tahiti

Lan-Chile, with DC6-B's, operates fortnightly services, leaving Santiago on alternate Tues. and Papeete on alternate Sun. Trips include a 24-hour stopover at Easter Island. Schedules are subject to frequent change. Details from Mr. J. Federer (31-4366), Sydney, or Tahiti Tours, Papeete.

Fiji - Geic • Nauru

Fiji Airways, with 748's, operates weekly return services to Tarawa, leaving Nadi on Sun. and making a stop at Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Planes return from Tarawa on Mon.

On alternate Sun. planes operate to Nauru, and return on the following Mon.

Fiji • New Hebrides • Bsip . Ng

Fiji Airways, with 748's, operates from Nadi on Thurs. and Sun., via Vila and Santo, to Honiara. Planes leave Honiara on Fri. and Sun. On Sun. 748's fly direct to Pt. Moresby.

Fiji - Tonga

Fiji Airways, with 748's, operates to Nukualofa from Suva on Tues., Thurs. and Sat. and returns to Suva on the same day,

Fiji - Western Samoa

Fiji Airways, with 748's, operates from Suva or Wed. Planes leave Melbourne on Mon., to Apia on Wed. and returns the same day.

Hawaii - Am. Samoa

PanAm, with 707's, operates from Honolulu on Mon., Wed., Thurs., Sat., and Sun. and operates from Pago Pago on Mon., Thurs., Fri. and Sat.

Hawaii - Am. Samoa - Tahiti

PanAm, with 707's, operates from Honolulu on Thurs. and Sat. and from Papeete on Thurs.

A Sun. flight from Papeete overflies Pago.

Hawaii - Micronesia - Saipan

Air Micronesia, with 727'5, operates from Honolulu on Wed. and Sun., via Johnston Is., Majuro, Kwajalein, Truk, Guam and Saipan, and returns on Thurs. and Sat.

New Caledonia - New Hebrides

UTA, with DC4's, operates two return services a week, out of Noumea on Tues. and Fri., making calls at Santo and Vila.

NEW CAL. - WALLIS IS. - NEW CAL.

UTA, with DC4's, operates a fortnightly service, leaving Noumea on the second Wed. of the month.

New Guinea - West Irian

TAA, with DC3's, leaves Lae fortnightly on Mon. and returns from Sukarnapura on Tues.

P-Ng . Solomons

TAA, with Fokkers and DC3's, operates weekly services out of Moresby on Tues., via Lae, Buka and Munda. The planes return from Honiara to Moresby on Wed.

Tahiti - Usa

UTA, with DCB's, operates on Mon. and Thurs. from Papeete to Los Angeles, and return, the same day. The same flight on Sat. out of Papeete makes an extra call, at Honolulu.

PanAm, with 707's, operates to Los Angeles from Papeete on Mon., Thurs., Fri. and Sun.

The Thurs, flight takes in Pago Pago and Honolulu; the Sun. flight is via Honolulu.

Planes return from San Francisco on Wed., Thurs., Sat. and Sun.; Thurs. flight takes in Honolulu and the Sat. flight includes Honolulu and Pago Pago.

Air-NZ, with DCB's, flies to Los Angeles from Papeete on Sun., leaves Los Angeles on Fri.

W. Samoa - Am. Samoa

Polynesian Airlines, with DC4's, operates from Apia to Pago Pago three times a day.

Wed., Fri., and twice a day, Tues., Sun.; once Sat. Pago Pago to Apia services operate on the same frequency (all flights, 45 min.).

W. Samoa - Tonga

Polynesian Airlines, with DC4's, DC3's, operates a weekly service from Apia, leaving on Sun. and returning to Apia from Nukualofa on Mon.

W. SAMOA - WALLIS IS. - FIJI Polynesian Airlines, with DC4's, DC3's, operates from Apia on Thurs., and on Fri. planes return from Nadi.

Internal Services

FIJI Fiji Airways, with Herons, DC3's and a HS74B operates regular services to Labasa, Matei, Nadi, Nausori and Savusavu.

Details from Fiji Airways, Victoria Parade, Suva.

Air Pacific, with Beech Baron aircraft, operate regular services to Ba, Bureta, Korolevu, Nadi and Nausori.

Details from Air Pacific Ltd., Suva (Phone 25137).

French Polynesia

RAI, with DC4's, Twin Otters and a Bermuda flying-boat, operates regular services to Bora Bora, Huahine, Moorea, Papeete, Raiatea and Rangiroa.

Details from RAI, Quai Bir Hakeim, Papeete, or any UTA office.

Guam - Us Trust Territory

Air Micronesia, with 727'5, DC6's and Grumman SA-16 flying-boats, operates regular Ponape, Rota, Saipan and Yap. services to Guam, Koror, Kwajalein, Majuro, Details from Continental Airlines, International Airport, Los Angeles, California.

Papua - New Guinea

TAA, operates regular services to Baimuru, Baiyer R., Balimo, Banz, Buin, Bulolo, Buka, Cape Gloucester, Cape Hoskins, (Thimbu, Daru, Finschhafen, Garaina, Goroka, Gurney (Samarai), Jacquinot Bay, Kainantu, Kandrian, Kavieng, Kerema, Kieta, Kikori, Lae, Madang, Malalau, Manus, Minj, Misima, Mt. Hagen, Munda, Nanatanai, Nissan Is., Popondetta, Pt. Moresby, Rabaul, Talasea, Valimo, Wabag, Wakunai, Wau, Wapenamanda and Wewak.

Ansett-MAL, with Fokker Friendships, DC3's and Piaggios, operates regular services to Aitape, Ambunti, Angoram, Banz, Bulolo, Erave, Goroka, Mayfield, lalibu, Kainantu, Kagua, Kavieng, Kundiawa, Lae, Lumi, Madang, Mendi, Minj, Mt. Hagen, Momote, Nuku, Pt. Moresby, Rabaul, Tari, Telefomin, Vanimo, Wabag, Wapenamanda, Wau, Wewak and Yangoru.

Papuan Airlines Pty. Ltd., with a variety of aircraft, operates regular services to Aroa, Balimo, Bereina, Cape Rodney, Daru, Gurney, Kairuku, Kokoda, Losuia, Mendi, Mt. Hagen, Paili, Popondetta, Pt. Moresby, Rorona, Tapini, Vivigani, Wanigela and Woitape.

New Caledonia

Air Caledonie, with Twin Otters, Herons and Aztecs operates regular services to Hienghene, Houailou, Isle of Pines, Isle Ouen, Kone, Kouaoua, Koumac, Lifou, Mare, Noumea, Ouvea, Poindimie, Touho, Voh.

Details from Air Caledonie, Noumea.

New Hebrides

Air Melanesia, with Drovers, operates regular services to Aneityum, Epi, Erromanga, Lamap, Longana, Norsup, Santo, Tanna, Tongoa and Vila.

Details from Air Melanesia, Vila.

Solomon Islands

Solomons Islands Airways, with Dove and Beech Baron aircraft, operates regular services to Auki, Avu Avu, Barakoma, Honiara, Kira Kira, Marau, Mono, Munda, Sege and Yandina.

Details from Solomon Islands Airways Ltd., Box C 25, Honiara, BSIP.

Scientists will meet in Moresby After many efforts to attract it over many years, a congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science is to be held in Port Moresby.

It will be the 42nd Congress of ANZAAS, to be held from August 17-21, 1970.

More than 1,000 people are expected to attend, and the P-NG Administration has provided $lO,OOO to assist in its organisation. Emphasis will be placed on problems of the New Guinea and Pacific area. The congress is being planned by a committee under the guidance, as secretary, of Professor D. Drover, of the Papua-New Guinea University. 135 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

DIRECT SERVICE The cargo link with the U.K Sailings every four weeks LONDON

To Apia (W. Samoa) Suva & Lautoka

Also cargo at through rates with transhipment in Suva for Levuka, Labasa, Nukualofa, Vavau, Niue and Pago Pago. > BETHELL, GWYN & CO. LTD., Beaufort House, Gravel Lane, London, E.l, England.

Burns Philp

(SOUTH SEA) CO. LTD., Suva, Fiji.

Direct freight and passenger services to THE TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS from U.S. PACIFIC PORTS-HAWAII and also from JAPAN General Agents: Interocean Steamship Corp., 680 Beach Street, San Francisco, California 94109, 'phone 415-771 -6400 TWX 910-372-7388 RCA 27-337 Cables: 'lnterco' Marine Chartering Australia Pty. Hawaii Agents: Ltd., Box 1631, G.P.O. Sydney, Hawaii Freight Lines. Inc., N.S.W. 2001, Australia. 711 Nimitz Highway, 'phone 27 5483, Cables: 'Explorer' Honolulu 6, Hawaii 9 6806 Sydney. 'phone 567-031 Telex: 723-407 Japan—Okinawa—Taiwan: Interocean Shipping Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.

Telex: 781-2335 Cables: 'Oceaninter' POLYNESIA LINE LTD.

Regular freight and passenger service between

U.S. Pacific Ports-Canada-Tahiti-Samoa

(Other Ports On Inducement)

General Agents: Marine Chartering Australia Pty. Ltd., Box 1631, Port Agents; Interocean Steamship Corp., 680 Beach Street, G.P.O. Sydney, N.S.W. 2001, Australia. Papeete, Maison Morgan-Vernex, San Francisco, California 94109, 'phone 27 5483, Cables: 'Explorer' Sydney. Cables: 'Morex 'phone 415-771-6400 £ a ?o P a ?°, B F Kneubuhl, TWX 910-372-7388 RCA 27-337 Cables: 'lnterco' Cables: Kneubuhlmc 136 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

vegemite, Tomato and honest-to-goodness kraft Cheddar Cheese The sandwich Vitamin C, the vegemite* yeast extract supplies the precious B group Vitamins for healthy vitality, and the kraft Cheddar Cheese is packed with strengthening protein and calcium, kraft Cheddar has the fresh taste the whole family goes forand they thrive on it!

After all, it takes 8 pints of fresh, creamy milk to make every pound of kraft Cheddar Cheese-that’s why you can rely on its purity and nourishment.

You couldn’t eat better or enjoy lunch more!

The bread and butter supply energy and Vitamin A, pply energy and Vitamin A. The tomato adds KRAFT 80Z.NET PROCESSED

Cheddar Cheese

for good food and good food ideas

Regd.Trade Mark

KRAFT 137 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

/S t* V Ai « HZ4895. Wonderful Philips ~swivel-top” vacuum cleaner. Unique three-in-one nozzle. Dust capacity: 6 litres.

HSIO4O. Automatic iron.

Central position of flex for right and lefthand use, sole plate bevelled for easy ironing around buttons.

Philips for a really comfortable home For modern comfort in the home, turn to Philips.

Philips home comfort appliances are easy to operate and perfectly safe.

Mini-fridge. This compact 2.3 cu. ft. (65 Itr.) refrigerator will match almost any interior.

HZ5170. Two-speed personal fan. Small dimensions. Can be used everywhere.

Displaces 210 cu. ft. of air per minute.

PHILIPS PHILIPS for lasting value 138 FEBRUARY 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

(jilleApie J MC HOR ANCHOR FLOUR

Maintop High Protein

Biscuit Flours And Wheatmeals

Gillespie flours are milled from selected high quality Australian wheats and are entoleted for purity. Their consistent high quality has made them the best-known, most asked-for, brands of flour in the Islands. (Entoletion is a special purification process which reduces the risk of insect infection.)

Gillespie Bros. Pty. Ltd

HEAD OFFICE: 52 Union St., Pyrmont, Sydney, NS W (G.P.O. Box 2518, Sydney, 2001 Phone 68-4931

Cable Address

''GILLESPIE", Sydney and Brisbane

Brisbane Office

Albion, Brisbane, Queensland (P.O Box 8, Albion, Brisbane, 4010).

Phone: 6-1121 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1969

Jg-M t' / zp'S's it* > J?A ' : **' V i \ - « t 4*s* mm •*%£ jiao* 4 i w '■\ When only the best will d 0... and isn't that all the time? 140 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

The Practical Planter

Good Vegetables Can Be Grown

In The Islands-Here'S How

■ There is a lack of vegetables in the Islands of the South Pacific —which means that there is a market for vegetables in the Islands. This article explains how to grow vegetables in the tropics.

Diets in the Islands are generally poor in fresh vegetables, particularly in the green and leafy types valuable for their high vitamin and mineral content. However, most kinds of vegetable can be, and are, grown in the Islands. The following is an extract from a report on vegetables produced by the US Trust Territory of Micronesia and printed by the South Pacific Commission.

As well as describing various vegetables and explaining how they can be grown in the tropics, the report also indicates that, although at present limited, commercial production of vegetables in the Islands will become more widespread—given more effort, more equipment, more materials and better-trained labour.

Vegetables should have rich, sandy, 19am soil for good growth. However, since such soil is rarely found in the tropics, it is necessary to make Th?n f nlhTif°, f ** aVailable * soils can & be f vppp r £ a *L be KT t 0 f roduce ve S®" of orgamc thF romnmt nr -? m °r ZS TSe S r b a y nd a f | , :e e use by ot i^C n |uUivtiofn“hod b s y The outlined below Tor paring an area for vegetable production will increase thfchances for higher crop yields: a i • Apply manure, compost, or sea animals at a rate of 1 lb per square foot at least three to four, weeks before planting time. Chicken manure, pig manure, and sea slugs are best—in that order. , . • u B j ore the manure is spaded m, broadcast an application of commercial fertiliser at the rate of 2 lb per 100 square feet. Use a comthC S' W • , ?*. *r 1 °" 8, u °r 10 ' brpab rW« ei tn Ca fertl hsers help to break down the manure, aid in mamand 1 n?nv;L 0 fn ani f C of the S( ? ik a fair sunnlv nf Wlth • Spade in the mini,t . p oe m the manure, compost, or sea animals together with the commercial fertiliser to a depth of about 6 in. Do not work the soil with a spade or plough the garden with a tractor when the soil is wet * # If weeds a PPear, hoe them every seven to ten days. By far the best time t 0 S erminate the weed seeds and kll l the y° un g weeds is before ,h * ac o“r he area - Do not work in the area if the 8011 18 wet enou 8 h to “pack” wherever one • Level the surface with a rake.

Remove anv rough debris and stnnps that ma y stmT present ot the sur! j Make sure that the soil is not in r iLrv condftion and tha? it has not pSked and hecomp u i * *SZtJ I Ju bec ° me hard. Large clods must be broken up or the seedbed will not be satisfactory for sowing small seeds.

ThfKP ran hp nrnwn 1 nese ca n De grown Here are descriptions of some of the vegetables that can be grown in Micronesia and other Islands territories.

Asparagus: Asparagus is grown seed in the tropics are dlfficu,t ship The seed is sown in rows in a seedbed and grown for several months until the seedlings are about 1 ft high. Thev are then transplanted to a well-drained sandv loam soil high in organic matter The seedlings are set if the bottom of a ditch about 14 in. wide and 6 m. deep, and well-rotted manure is added from time to time until the ditch is completely full. Nitrogen and «° ma’nure and can be ?.PP 1 ‘ ed e;ther before or after the cut- *'ng season, which may be within a n bo , u ‘ ‘ w ° kears af f transplanting make the plant go mto its rest period, water should be Wlthheld for two to three months at tbe beginning of the cool, dry season, The tO P s are then cut off, and the area hoed or disced and irrigated regularly.

Spears may be harvested when 6 to 8 in. long over a period of three to six weeks. The cut is made about 1 hi. below- the ground. The lower ends of harvested spears should be placed in a pan of water under refrigeration to maintain quality until cooked, After harvest the top should be allowed to develop for several months to store food in the fleshy roots for the next crop.

Beans: Results with lima beans in Micronesia have been fair during the 141 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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MF549/R 142 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

:00l season, though pod borers and jafhoppers do considerable damage.

Fruit set will be reduced during the Iry season with temperatures above ~ . , The pod borer is effectively conrolled by dusting or spraying with DDT is ineffective against jod borers, but effective on leafloppers. Lima beans can be harvested iver a longer period than green beans; mder good conditions they will >ear for several years. For best looking quality they should be larvested before the beans reach the vhite stage.

Throughout the year D , , \ Foie beans (green beans) can be ;rown throughout the year, but best production is obtained when rainfall s not heavy. The beating rains reluce the crop by causing favourable onditions for disease, by interfering /ith pollination and by knocking off ome of the blossoms Rust-resistant Kentucky Wonder and Yardlong are rie only pole varieties showing conistently good yield m the tropics. lean seeds should be planted about i in. deep and spaced 3 to 4 in. part in the row for bush beans, and a e varieties.

A heavy application of well-rotted ompost should be mixed with the Dil during seedbed preparation, and complete fertiliser high in phoshorus added in furrows on either ide of the seed furrow at planting me ’ u° r i b6St P roc | uctiai ?’ beans lould be kept growing vigorously ) develop a good-sized plant before owenng begins. A side dressing of ammonium sulphate is recommended when the first pods are setting. Fertilisation at this time should prolong the harvesting season and increase the s * ze °f pods.

The pods should be harvested while young and tender, before they become lumpy—which is an indication of maturity and toughness. Picking every three or four days keeps the plants producing freely; vines are weakened by allowing pods to hang on to maturity.

Bush beans have a harvest period lasting for two to three weeks, and bear a week or so earlier than pole varieties, which bear for a further two or three weeks - Although bush beans are easier to plant and manage in home gardens, pole varieties usually bear better per unit of ground and do not need to be planted so often.

Broccoli: It is not hard to grow broccoli, which withstands heat and dry conditions better than its close relative—the cauliflower. The large. edible, centre cluster of buds develops first and is harvested just before the yellow flowers begin to open. About the time the centre head is harvested, it is advisable to give a side dressing of ammonium phosphate. This stimulates development of the edible side shoots, which may be harvested over a period of two months.

As the stems below the flower clusters are highly nutritious, stems 4 to 6 in. long should be cut with the main flower head, and stems 2 to 4 in. long with the side shoots.

The top of the centre stem may rot after harvest if rainfall is heavy.

Rotting may be prevented by placing a moisture-proof paper cap over the cut surface on the stalk or by making a slanting cut at harvest Cabbage: Several varieties *of cabbage in Micronesia have produced heads weighing 2 to 4 lb during the warm season, and 4 to 6 lb during the cool months. There are exceptions of 7 to 9 lb heads produced under good soil conditions and in cool weather.

Apart from the usual preparation of the soil and addition of manure and complete fertiliser before planting, it is wise to apply a side dressing of ammonium sulphate or a cornplete fertiliser shortly after the heads begin to form. A side dressing of nitrogen is particularly important when the cabbage begins to head or when the leaves show yellowing. One tablespoon per plant should be enough T ' .

IremenClOUS difference A combination planting of Golden Acre for early maturity and Succession or Copenhagen Market for later harvest is suggested for the Islands, Varieties having small heads, such as Copenhagen Market and Succession, should be spaced about 18 in. apart. It is very important to keep the young seedling strong and vigorous both before and after transplanting. A good start with these seedlings makes a tremendous difference in the size of the heads, Chinese cabbage; Chinese cabbage is one of the easiest and most productive vegetables grown in Micronesia: returns are among the highest for the labour and garden space involved. Where greens, celery, and Left: Cabbage from Rota, Micronesia, in a plastic shipping container. Right: A well-spaced planting of Chinese cabbage with pole beans in the background.

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head cabbage are scarce, this vegetable is popular, particularly in chopped salads. It can be grown all the year round at all elevations provided watering is done during the dry spells and enough organic fertiliser is applied.

During the warm season, when Chinese cabbage tends to form loose heads, the young leaves are used for salads or as cooked greens. Generally the Chinese cabbage seed is planted directly in the field, and later thinned to plants 10 to 20 in. apart. Chinese cabbage should be kept growing rapidly with a side dressing of nitrogen or complete fertiliser. Harvesting can begin when the leaves are 3 to 4 in. long.

Excellent Sweet corn: Excellent roasting ears can be grown throughout the year by succession plantings. USDA-34 and Hawaiian Sugar perform very well throughout Micronesia. Complete fertiliser and manure, where available, should be mixed with the soil before planting. During the rainy season the seed should be planted on ridges 6 to 8 in. high, in rows spaced 2 to 3 ft apart. A kernel or two is dropped at intervals of 8 to 10 in. in the row. One or two side dressings of ammonium sulphate or a complete fertiliser are advisable at about four-week intervals, beginning when the corn is knee high.

The USDA-34 and the Hawaiian Sugar variety should produce from one to two ears per plant. When ready for harvest the ears should be of good size and firm, and should show dry, brown silks at the tips.

The kernels should be at the milk or soft-dough stage, which can be determined by pulling back the shuck at the tip of the ear and breaking one or two kernels with the thumb nail. Ears should be checked often because the ideal stage for harvest lasts for only a day or two before the kernels become toughened.

Cucumber: Cucumbers are widely grown in Micronesia both for export and local marketing. Straight Eight, Palomar, and Burpee Hybrid are the popular varieties for export from Rota, Tinian, and Saipan to Guam.

For domestic purposes, the introduction of Oriental varieties such as Four Leaf, Yamaki, Kyoto FI, and Kurume FI are adapted to the higher rainfall areas of Micronesia.

Production of the Oriental varieties is heavy when compost or manure is applied in large quantities with light side dressings of chemical fertilisers.

Cucumbers can be harvested at any size, but before they turn yellow they should be gathered at two to three days’ intervals.

Eggplant: Eggplant is a popular warm-season (70 deg. to 80 deg. Fahr.) crop in the tropics. It grows well throughout the year in Micronesia and gives fair to good yields. Seeds are soaked overnight to improve germination before planting in a seedbed.

The seedlings are grown to three or four-leaf size, transplanted to another seedbed, and eventually set in the field at a height of 5 to 7 in.

To keep young plants growing vigorously it is important, when necessary, to irrigate regularly. Spraying with DDT helps keep the foliage free from flea beetles and lacebugs.

An early setback to the young plants will reduce yields. Side dressings of a complete fertiliser at monthly intervals when the plants begin to produce should help maintain production over many months.

Fruits should be harvested regularly when they are a good size and when the skin shows a slick lustre. Fruits allowed to become mature on the plants will reduce future yields.

Lettuce: Head lettuce varieties such as Imperial 44 and Great Lakes produce moderately firm heads weighing about H- lb on the Sabana in Rota.

Mignonette is more heat-resistant than most head-type varieties. It can be grown as a leaf lettuce during the summer, but should be harvested when young because of the possible development of bitterness.

Lettuce can either be transplanted to the garden or planted in place. If planted in place, it may be thinned out slowly; the thinnings may be used for greens even though no heads have been formed. Thinned plants can also be used for transplants.

Mignonette or Manoa may be planted closely, while double rows 6 to 8 in. apart should be used when space is at a premium.

Withstands shading Lettuce is a good crop to interplant among other plants. It is small and will withstand considerable shading.

In hot weather, overhead shading of lettuce during the warmest part of the day prevents wilting and improves quality. Quick growth of lettuce results in crisp, sweet foliage; therefore, good fertility and plenty of water are important during all stages of growth.

A commercial fertiliser such as Left: A Chinese cabbage—one of the easiest vegetables to grow in the tropics. Right: Yardlong beans picked at right stage of ripeness. 145 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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KINGS RD., NAUSORI, FIJI. PHONE: 188. 6-9-6, 8-12-6, or 16-20 ammonium phosphate, or 11-48 ammonium sulphate should be applied as a side dressing two to three weeks after plants are up. Lettuce does not do well on highly acid soils. If the soil is acid, lime should be applied at about 15 lb per sq. ft.

Okra: Okra is well adapted to the hot humid tropics. It grows well in all the high islands of Micronesia.

A few plants are enough for the average home garden as they will tend to bear for several months.

Germination can be improved by soaking the seeds for a day before planting—unswollen seeds should be discarded.

The seeds are planted in hills 18 to 24 in. apart, in rows 36 to 40 in. apart. Plants are thinned thereafter to one or two good plants per hill. The plants should be kept growing rapidly by side dressings of a complete fertiliser at four to six weeks’ intervals. The pods must be harvested at intervals of every two to three days when the tips are still tender and break with a snap. If pods are left to mature, they become tough and are not edible.

Okra may be boiled and used in soups, or it may also be combined in a salad with tomatoes and other vegetables.

Popular Radish: Radishes are widely grown in the tropics, and are one of the easiest short-period vegetables to raise.

Nearly all the varieties perform well.

Early Scarlet Button is a very popular variety, and is excellent when grown at the higher altitudes in winter on the Sabana on Rota. At sea-level, when the temperature is high, and particularly when a drought occurs one or two weeks before maturity, all radishes are likely to be tough, pithy, and very “hot”. The roots may also become elongated rather than enlarge normally.

This can be prevented to some extent by enriching the soil with manure and commercial fertilisers and applying irrigation water regularly when needed. Palm leaf shade is of some help in lowering the temperature.

As radishes are a short-season crop (three to six weeks), they can be readily intercropped in the row or between the rows of many longseason crops. A row 3 to 4 in. wide can be sown and later thinned out so that the plants are spaced about 1 or 2 in. apart and stand three abreast in the row.

Tomatoes; From a nutritional standpoint and for general use in cooking and preparing meals, the 147 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

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Ripping Saw Type S 150/200 C For big trunks of tropical hard wood with diameter up to 80" 148 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Available from: Pacific Publications (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 29 Alberta Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. (Postal address: Box 1813, G.P.0., Sydney, N.S.W., 2001, Australia.) tomato is one of the most desirable home-garden vegetables.

The varieties, Pearl Harbor, County Prechard, Victor, and Homestead are all popular in Micronesia. The smallfruited pear-, plum-, and cherryshaped tomato varieties do better in most areas of Micronesia when the temperature, humidity, and rainfall are high.

Fruits should be picked when full size. Green tomatoes of good size can be picked and placed on the window-sill or in a sunny place for ripening. Commercial tomatoes should be picked when of good size but green. They are graded and uniformly packed in medium and large sizes. Extreme care in handling commercial tomatoes is essential at all times to reduce bruising and subsequent rotting.

Pigs for profit in P-NG Until P-NG’s Animal Industry Centre —or “the pig farm”—was established near Goroka, little thought had been given to farming pigs commercially in the territory. Today, however, the idea of pig farming for profit is catching on and pigs are being penned and bred with some care.

The centre imports pure-bred pigs with high meat-producing characteristics and crosses them with the local pigs. The new strain has the productive characteristics of the imported aristocrats and the endurance of the unpampered indigenous pig.

Each year, the centre distributes some 600 young pigs to 25 Administration agricultural stations throughout the Highlands. The agricultural stations distribute pigs to the farmers.

The centre plans to increase its distribution to 700 a year within the next few years. It has a pig population of about 240, which includes the breeding stock—Canadian Berkshires imported from Australia, New Zealand Berkshires, New Zealand Large Blacks and New Zealand Tam worths.

Covering 55 acres, the centre is at an altitude of 4,900 ft and has an average annual rainfall of 77 in. It is managed by Mr.

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The most comprehensive book ever published on the Pacific Islands. 1 Oth EDITION

Pacific Islands Year Book

PRICE: Australia and P.-N.G., $7.80 Aust., plus 50c posted; Pacific Islands and overseas countries, $7.80 Aust., plus 90c posted; U.S.A., $lO U.S. posted.

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NEW PARTS Eaton 2-speed crown and pinions—fit all American and English trucks.

Universal to fit any vehicle. Bearings—ball and taper and engine bearings, pistons and rings, valves, gasket kits, oil seals, sealed beams, spot and fog lights, tools.

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Sole Representative: Consolidated Agencies, 69 Gumming St., Suva, Fiji. G.P.O. Box 88, Phone 22 589. Telegrams and cables 'Consoldate, Suva'.

DJIIB 154 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Folder is neat and handy A folder in which you can bind 12 copies of “Pacific Islands Monthly” yourself. The folder—similar to the illustration alongside—has a dark green plastic cloth cover with “Pacific Islands Monthly” in gold letters on the back. It will keep your copies of “P.1.M.” in their original condition and make a handy reference library of Pacific Islands affairs. A handsome addition to any library Price: $2.00 Aust. $3.00 U.S. post free.

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156 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

In At Nutshell A CYCLONE with 100 mph winds caused desolation to parts of New Caledonia early in February.

No deaths were reported, but roofs were torn off houses in Noumea, roads were blocked by landslides and water and electricity supplies were cut.

Dozens of people were left homeless. Tugs were torn loose from their moorings and small craft were sunk in Noumea harbour. Three planes were smashed at the airport when a 12-ton hangar door caved in.

Broken trees and roof tiles were strewn in the centre of Noumea, and huge waves swept across the roadway along Noumea’s beach front. • An American scientific expedition from the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science, in early January recovered off Endeavour Reef, 37 miles north of Cooktown, North Queensland, six cannon from Captain Cook’s ship Endeavour.

Cook had had the cannon thrown overboard on June 11, 1770, when his ship was grounded for 24 hours.

They were in 60 ft of water. No decision has been made as to where the historic cannon will find a permanent home. • Suva and Nausori bus transport workers returned to work in late January after a two-day strike which at one stage provoked angry scenes among workers, union officials and bus owners. The workers received a pay rise, and a log of claims is to be negotiated. • After much speculation (during which the NSW Police Commissioner was wrongly tipped for the job) it was announced in Canberra in January that Mr. R. W. Whitrod will be Papua-New Guinea’s next Commissioner of Police, replacing Mr.

R. R. Cole, who is retiring.

Mr. Whitrod has been Commissioner, Commonwealth Police Force, since 1960, and before that he was Director of the Commonwealth Investigation Service. He is an economics graduate and has a Diploma in Criminology from Cambridge University. He is 53, and takes up his new job on April 21. • Hong Kong flu made its appearance in Honiara in January and special clinics were set up to treat patients so that pressure could be relieved on the outpatients’ department of the Central Hospital.

In the first week 100 cases a day were being treated by the hospital. • Suva reports say an offer by other hotel and tourist interests has been made for the Trade winds resort hotel, on the Bay of Islands, just outside of Suva. In another big deal, this one confirmed, American business broker Robert Hunter, who specialises in buying and selling island properties, bought on behalf of unnamed interests Wakaya Island from the Fijian Affairs Board for $340,000. The island is one of Fiji’s Lomaiviti group. • Mr. Julius Patching, prominent Australian sporting official, who was general manager of the Australian team at the Olympic Games in Mexico, has agreed to act as consultant to the organising committee of the Third South Pacific Games in Port Moresby in August.

O Shares in both Conzinc Riotinto of Australia Ltd. and Riotinto-Zinc Corporation Ltd. made upward bursts in London and Sydney in late January after Sir Maurice Mawby, chairman of CRA, had said that he was “optimistic” that an announcement to go-ahead with the $250 million Bougainville copper project would be made by June. Sir Maurice said that although no announcement was “imminent”, he “would like to see something start yesterday”. CRA had previously indicated the big decision would come late this year. • Lord Howe Island residents Messrs. A. Innes, C. Lament and H.

Nichols and Mrs. J. Brearley will have their houses removed for the island’s proposed 4,000 ft airstrip, between Blinky Beach and Windy Point. The houses will be rebuilt on other island sites. The island’s board in January decided to ask the Australian Government for money to build the strip. • Prominent West Irian rebel leader Lodewijk Mandatjan surrendered himself to the Indonesian Army in the Monokwari area of West Irian in January. He was ill when he surrendered. Military commander in West Irian, Brig.-General Sarwo Edhie, said with this surrender security in West Irian had “almost been restored”. Meanwhile, Brig.- Gen. Edhie, following a recent goodwill tour of Papua-New Guinea, has told the Press that “good prospects exist” for economic cooperation between the two New Guinea territories. • Twenty Pacific Islanders from many territories began a six weeks’ course in co-operative practice and business methods in Suva on January 20. The course has been arranged by the South Pacific Commission in co-operation with the Fiji Government. It is one of a series of courses to be held in various territories in 1969. They will include retail selling, business management, farm economics and elementary economics for small businessmen. • Niue Island now has its first taxi service. In the past it has been possible to hire only a truck or a bus. • Majuro airfield, Marshall Islands, said to be the key to an aerial link-up from the South Pacific to the US Trust Territory, will be upgraded at a cost of at least SUSI. 4 million if US Congress approves the territory’s SUS4I million budget for 1970.

Also, the former atom bomb testing site, Bikini Atoll, may receive a similar amount of funds for cleaning-up purposes and construction in 1970.

O Two recent plantation sales on New Britain were 234-acre Myuna plantation, near Kokopo, to a Chinese syndicate, Wonga Investments Pty.

Ltd., for $46,200 and 312-acre Illalangi plantation, Warangoi Valley, to Mr. G. Morris, for $22,000.

BSIP Methodist's anniversary A special service to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the arrival of the first Methodist missionaries at Luvunabule, Village, Aola, Guadalcanal, was held by the villagers on Christmas Day. The service was taken by the Rev.

Robert Stringer, of Wesley United Church, Honiara.

It was followed by custom dancing, a feast attended by more than 600 people from 46 villages, and a re-enactment of the arrival of Cornelius Tuza, the missionary who arrived from Choiseul in 1928.

Today there is a mission school at Luvunabule and another at Kolosulu. a United Church village, 12 miles inland. 157 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Classified Advertisements Per line, 75c Aust.; Minimum rate. 4 lines.

PROFESSIONAL

Health Management Services

offering specialised consultation to those with environmental management problems.

Lloyd Smith, Palm Cove P. 0., via Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia.

WANTED COINS WANTED, New Hebrides, 100 Francs. We pay $2OO cash for each mint sealed bag of 150 coins. Suppliers write: Taylor’s Coin Service, Shops 12 x 13, Mayfair Arcade, 126 Adelaide Street, Brisbane, 4000, Qld., Aust.

TROPICAL sea shells for collection.

Specimen shells (actual and fossils), fossils fishes, for sale. Write for free list: Tahiti Shells, P.K. 19,500, Paea.

Tahiti.

SEA SHELLS. We buy quality sea shells.

K. Mijts, Agronomy Department, University of New England, Armidale, N.S.W.. 2351. Aust.

WE would like to purchase; any perfect specimen sea shells in quantity, good native carvings, tapa cloth, and coins of former German Pacific Colonies. Contact: P. & S. Dressier, 7/17 Holbrook Ave., Kirribilli, Sydney, until 28/2/1969.

Agents Wanted

FOR Nauru, Fiji, New Hebrides and Solomons, to introduce selected profitable Australian land investment, available on monthly instalment. Every assistance and generous commission offered. Write with particulars of age, nationality and background to; The Manager, P.O. Box 15, Red Hill, Brisbane, 4059.

Trade Enquiries

MAIL ORDER. Whatever you might warn from Hong Kong (Photographic and Cine Equipment, Transistor Radios, Household Appliances, Chinese Brocades, Plastic Flowers, Cultured Pearls, etc.) we can supply you. Right prices and personal care assured. Please write us for quotations. Filmo Depot Ltd., 313 Marina House, Hong Kong, Established In Hong Kong since 1936.

EXPORT Perlon fish net. Please submit nylon size, mesh eye, depth, length, right price supply. Other requirements welcome.

The Mercantile Trading Co., Box 131, Hong Kong.

Stamps Cr Coins

Top Prices Paid For Island

STAMPS. Current issues, old accumulations (used or unused), covers, collections.

Seven Seas Stamps Pty. Ltd., Sterling Street, Dubbo, N.S.W., 2830, Aust.

STAMP COLLECTORS. Send 5c stamp for postage and receive free bargain bulletin of exciting stamp offers. Interpbil (Q’ld), 513 Queen St., Brisbane, Q’ld. 4000.

STAMP COLLECTORS in 100 countries are members of the Concorde Correspondence Club. Details: 38 Parkside Drive, Edgware, Mddx., England.

BOOKS, MAGAZINES, ETC.

ALL BOOKS AND JOURNALS ON AUS-

Tralasia And The Pacific Bought

AND SOLD. Catalogues issued and sent free on application. Correspondence invited. Berkelouw, 114 King St., Sydney. 2000. Telephone: 28-7874.

FOR SALE BODEN’S BOAT DESIGNS PTY. LTD., 695 George Street, Sydney, 2000. Get your New Boden’s Boat Building Books from Newagents and Booksellers everywhere. Posted direct $3.40, $3.95 airmail.

CONCRETE BLOCK MACHINE. Makes blocks, flags, edgings, screen-blocks, garden stools—up to 8 at once and 96 an hour.

SAB3 c.i.f. main ports. Send for leaflets.

Forest Farm Research, Londonderry, N.S.W., 2753.

FLEETS. 42 ft carvel workboat, professionally built 1962, 120 h.p. Caterpillar marine diesel, 4:1 reduction, approx. 300 cu. ft freezer space, 2 way radio, sounder. $14,000. Fleets, Rowe’s Bldg., Edward St., Brisbane. Cable; Fleets, Brisbane.

"Samoan Songs Of Love And

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Box 139, Apia. Western Samoa.

IDENTITY Bracelets. Lady’s and Gent’s styles available $2.00. Engraved FREE.

Print details. Hame Specialties, Box 5058, G.P.0., Sydney, 2001. Satisfaction guaranteed. 70 FT Heavy Duty Workboat (fishing cargo or tug) GMC repowered in 1968; ideal for inter-island trade; cruising range 2,500 miles; SUS2O,OOO firm. Ala Wai Marine Ltd., 1650 Ala Moana, Honolulu, Hawaii.

ACCOMMODATION SUN, SURF. HOLIDAY. New 8 store? luxury home units. Ocean front, one block from shops. large pool, full service optional, covered car park. elevator realistic tariffs, Sahara Court, Surfers Paradise, Q’ld., 4217.

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From $24.00 p.w. (off season). Brochure available; Apply: Box 6, P. 0., Burleigh Heads, Q’ld., 4220.

ATTENTION

Libraries And

COLLECTORS!

Are your files of the

“Pacific Islands

MONTHLY” complete?

We can still supply most back issues from January, 1950, to date. But stocks are limited.

Write to us promptly for any back copies you need Prices, including surface postage, are; 1950-1959 issues: 40c Aust„ or 80 US cents each. 1960 to date: 30c Aust., or 70 US cents each.

Pacific Publications

(AUST.) PTY. LTD.

Box 3408, G.P.0., Sydney N.S.W.

Manufacturing Franchise

An unusual opportunity exists for an existing manufacturer or distributor or for an energetic man to establish his own business in the fast developing fibreglass field.

We are manufacturers of pre-fabricated fountains, waterfalls, ponds, pumps and fibreglass furniture.

We are established in all States of Australia and are now ready to expand to the Territories.

Distribution is made through Department Stores, Hardware stores, Garden and Nursery centres. Aquarium distributors and swimming-pool manufacturers, etc., to be filled by the successful buyer.

Premises needed would be a factory or garage of about 700-1,000 square feet. We will supply all moulds, dies, patterns, etc., and give full training (Preferably in Sydney) and give the rights to manufacture under licence of all patented products.

The only investment necessary is $5,000 for the initial plant and rights plus a small Royalty based on turnover of patented products.

Please write to: Australian Fountain & Waterfall Co., 144 Whale Beach Rd., Whale Beach-Sydney, 2107. Tel.: 9195104. 158 FEBRUARY, 1969 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

permanent interest.”

That this leading article was written at all, and so plainly, in an influential newspaper, is significant.

Ever since the British Empire fell to pieces and the East-of-Suez withdrawal was decided upon, articles in PIM have been pointing out that Australia must face up to the realignments of her vital security and trade interests on her northern and eastern frontiers.

Hitherto, Australia has looked after her New Guinea territories, while the islands eastward have generally been under British administration. Who, or what, will take Britain’s place?

Australia wants no more extraterritorial headaches. She has since the war refused to acknowledge her growing obligations towards her north-eastern neighbours, and in the eyes of Canberra, Fiji especially is an embarrassment. If proof is needed, let anybody ask a question of the Prime Minister or Minister for External Affairs, and note the skill with which they slide from under (note the answers to questions asked Mr. Gorton, on p. 31).

But Britain’s East-of-Suez policy means that Australia can no longer evade her responsibilities to Fiji.

Of course, Fiji could be thrown over prematurely to self-government, as was done with Mauritius and British Guiana, where conditions are similar to those in Fiji, and where, once British control was removed, a large immigrant population created political chaos and economic disaster. If that happens in Fiji, Australia will suffer grievously, because over 90 per cent, of Fiji’s economic structure is owned by Australian corporations.

The problem of the future of these South Pacific archipelagoes cannot be longer ignored by Australia. Sooner or later Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji must get together and seek a solution, no matter how tough the task.

If Canberra will pick up the ball that the Herald has kicked to them, and examine it, and arrange for the next move, there may be some real progress made in settling the problems of the South Pacific.

Ellice Islanders were particularly tough on present and contemplated employees of the Public Works, Marine and Secretariat Departments and it was here that the questions sometimes rang home.

Why were there now five foremen needed in government departments when before there were three? Why was an electrical supervisor needed on both Betio and Bairiki? How many local officers were promoted to posts previously held by expatriates in 1968? (Answer here was a pathetic two—one in each of the police and education departments).

The Appropriation Bill held few surprises. The already-high Tarawa electricity rates were increased and school fees for government primary schools were introduced.

The fees were opposed by several members but it was pointed out that if people want education —and it’s still a battle for Islanders to take what advantage they can of what little there is to offer—they will just have to pay for it.

The fees proposal went through oy a narrow 15 to 13 vote.

The much-awaited select committee’s report on the adequacy of the Liquor Ordinance “and the means of enforcing it” was accepted by the House.

Drink problem It didn’t contain the harsh reforms md criticisms many had expected but t did include one significant resoluion—the sale of sour toddy should )e restricted. (It’s hard to say how big the sour oddy business has become but a arge proportion of the local drunks lon’t look as if they could have ifforded Victoria Bitter, even to hit )ff with).

The committee had reached four inclusions; drink problems are nainly on urban Tarawa (which weryone knew anyway); these probems weren’t “nationally significant”, mrrent liquor legislation was “not nadequate”, and means of enforcing he legislation were “adequate”.

The conclusions made two proisions—liquor legislation required a few amendments” and the means ►f enforcing it required a “tightenng-up” in the actual execution of the aw.

Debate over Australian beer, which ollowed a call that the brew be •aimed, was more colourful. Onotoa’s labera Kirata said the Aussie drops were too strong, “the majority of people were not really interested in getting drunk”, and most needed only light beers to “drink socially”.

Mr. Kirata said if both weak and strong beers were available, “then only those who really wanted to get drunk need to do so”.

Nui’s (Ellice Group) Father Martin then piped in to add that weak beer would make it costly to get drunk, so maybe it would be best not to allow it in after all.

It was all too much for effervescent Reuben Uatioa who had then to remark that more brands of beer should be imported.

“Then people could make a choice depending on whether they wished to get drunk or not,” he said. With tongue in cheek, presumably. math that are still in everyone’s memories. Despite that, some appetites are still not satisfied and the temptation to repeat the experience is not dead.

“It is a dangerous temptation. In fact, it is the only danger that menaces this truy happy country.

“I hope that French Polynesians will always be able to see this, and will always have the will to save themselves from it.”

Mr. Sicurani’s warning came barely a week after the majority parties in the Territorial Assembly had succeeded in ridding themselves of one of their nominees in the local Council of Government (cabinet) for not doing enough to promote the cause of internal self-government.

The nominee in question is Mr.

Jean Roy Bambridge, who, with four other nominees of the pro-autonomy coalition led by Messrs. Francis Sanford and John Teariki, was elected to the Council of Government by the Territorial Assembly in November 1967 {PIM, Dec., 1967, p. 19).

After having consistently refused to espouse the causes of the Sanford- Teariki parties recently, Mr. Sanford asked Mr. Bambridge to resign. When Mr, Bambridge refused to do this, the Sanford-Teariki coalition moved a vote of no-confidence in the council at a special meeting of the Assembly, and all seats in it were declared vacant by a vote of 18-0, with eight abstentions.

At a subsequent sitting. Mr.

Romulad Allain, secretary-general of the mayor’s office at Faaa, was elected to replace Mr. Bambridge. while the other former members of the council—Messrs. Leon Assaud.

Jacques Laurey, Jean Juventin and Andre Lorfevre—were re-elected.

The manoeuvre to replace Mr.

Bambridge showed that the Sanford - Teariki parties can now count on three-fifths of the votes in the Territorial Assembly. 159

Australia'S Role

(Continued from p. 31)

Governor Leaves

(Continued from p. 35) * A C I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969

Geics House

(Continued from p. 33)

1 Keep pace with. the Entertainment WoM!

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Tel. 88 Our Agents are continually supplied with the latest releases . If it is not convenient to call write to your nearest agent for the latest MGM catalogue.

I Index to Advertisers Adams National Industries 71,110 Air India 50 Air New Zealand 54 Akai Electric Co. Ltd. . 72 ANZ Bank Ltd 56 Arnott, Wm. Pty. Ltd. . 8, 9 Australian International Travel Centre 57 Avon Cosmetics Ltd 13 BALM Paints 10 Bank Line (Australasia) Pty.

Ltd., The 114 Bethel I, Gwyn & Co. Ltd. .. 136 Braybon Bros. Pty. Ltd. .. 112 Breckwoldt & Co. Wm. .. 148 Brittenden & Co 92 Brockhoff Biscuits Pty. Ltd. 15 Brunton & Co 151 B.P cov. iii, 2, 123 Bryant & May 16 Cadbury-Fry-Pascall Pty. Ltd. 73 Carnation Company Pty.

Ltd 75, insert Carpenter, W. R. & Co. Ltd. 84, cov. iv Charlton, John & Co. Pty.

Ltd 151 Commonwealth Industrial Gases 74 Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia 48 Crammond Radio Co 94 Crest Mills Ltd 147 Cystex 153 Daiwa Shipping Line .. .. 133 Dickson & Johnson Pty. Ltd. 154 Dunlite Electrical Co. Ltd. . 68 English Electric Diesels Ltd. 102 Ferrier & Dickinson Pty.

Ltd 108 Ferro-Cement Ltd 104 Fiat Motors of Australia 64, 65 Fiji Airways Ltd 46 Filmo Depot Ltd 59 Fisher, Peter, Trading Pty.

Ltd 150 Forminex Pty. Ltd 103 Frigate Rum 153 Gabba Wrecking 154 Gas Supply (New Guinea) Pty. Ltd 147 General Foods Corporation N.Z. Ltd 90 George & Ashton Ltd. . .. 82 Gillespie Bros. Pty. Ltd. .. 139 Grove, W. H. & Sons Ltd. 155 Haig, John & Co 20 Hamrich International 90 Handi Works Pty. Ltd. . . 152 Hardie, James & Co. Pty.

Ltd 144 Harris, Keith & Co. Ltd. .. 113 Hedstrom, Morris Ltd. . .. 62 Heinz, H. J. & Co. (Aust.) Ltd 11 Hellaby, R. & W„ Ltd. .. 109 Hotel Tanoa 56 Hutchinson, Robert Ltd. .. 78 Internationa! Harvester Co. . 70 Karlander New Guinea Line 49 Kennedy, Capt. W. L 11l Kraft Foods Limited .. .. 137 Kwan How Yuan Pty. Ltd. . 124 Massey-Ferguson (Aust.) Ltd. 142 Mendaco 153 MGM 160 Millers Ltd 106 Mungo Scott Pty. Ltd. .. 22 Murray, Sons & Co. Pty.

Ltd 52 Napier Bros 146 N.G. Aust. Line 79 Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. . 80, 81 Nixoderm 153 Northern Hotels Ltd 49 N.Z. Forest Service .. .. 77 Ogden Industries Pty. Ltd. . 7 Ohsawa Manufacturing Co.

Ltd 12 Pacific Islands Transport Line 132 Plastics Products Ltd. . .. 86 Philips, N.V 24, 138 Polynesia Line Ltd 136 Qantas 52 Qld. Insurance Co. Ltd. .. 107 Radio Australia 92 Reckitt & Colman Pty.

Ltd 19 Sansui Electric Co 14 Seppelt, B. & Sons Pty. Ltd. 17 Shaw Savill & Albion Co.

Ltd 114 Small & Shattell Pty. Ltd. .. 134 Southern Pacific Insurance Co. Ltd 150 Stapleton, J. 1., Pty. Ltd. . 56 Stewarts & Lloyds (Dist.) Pty. Ltd 148 Sullivan (Export) Ltd. . .. 152 T.A.A cov. ii Tait, W. S. & Co. P/L ..156 Tatham, S. E., & Co. P/L 96 Toyota Motor Sales Co.

Ltd 23 Trans Pacific Marine Ltd. .. 105 Turners Supply Co. Ltd. .. 150 Unilever Aust. Pty, Ltd. ~ 22 Union Steam Ship Co. of N.Z. Ltd 132 Vi eta Mowers 149 Vi-stim 151 Westco Aust. Pty. Ltd. . . . 66 Weymark Pty. Ltd 151 Wilhelmsen, W., Agency P/L 130 Wunderlich Ltd 18 Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd. 147 Published by PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS (AUST.) PTY. LTD., 29 Alberta Street, Sydney, 2000. (Telephone: 61-9197). Wholly set up and printed in Australia by The Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd., 29 Alberta Street, Sydney, 2000.

Head Office; PO RT MO RESB Y/PAPU A Cable;BU RPHIL agents for Burns Philp Trustee Co. Ltd.

Queensland Insurance Co. Ltd.

Lloyds of London Stewarts & Lloyds Distributors Pty. Ltd.

Shell Company (Pacific Islands) Ltd. overseas agents Burns Philp & Co., all Australian States Burns Philp & Co. Ltd., London Burns Philp Co. of San Francisco Inc.

Trade Inquiries Invited

shipping agents for Austasia Line Bank Line Ltd.

Burns Philp & Co. Ltd.

Cogedar Line Campagnie Des Messageries Maritimes Chandris Line Cunard Steamships Co. Ltd.

Nederland Line Royal Dutch Mail P.&O. Orient Line Royal Rotterdam Lloyd The Indo-China Steam Navigation Co. Ltd.

Union Steamship Co. of N.Z. Ltd. air line agents for Ansett-A.N.A.

Trans-Australia Airlines Qantas Empire Airways International Air Transport Representatives travel department Consult our experienced personnel for planning world wide travel 15 distributorships include Beresford Pumps Briggs & Stratton Engines British Paints Buckingham and Carnatic Textiles Citizen Watches “Cecoco” Machinery Conditionaire Air Curtain Doors Hardie’s Building Products International Majora Paints "John” Valves Joseph Lucas Electrical & C.A.V. Equipment Massey-Ferguson Tractors and Equipment Mikimoto Pearls National Radios & Appliances Noritake Chinaware Rover Power Mowers Sunbeam Appliances Tempair Air Conditioners Vauxhall Cars & Bedford Trucks exporters of Coffee & Cocoa Beans, Peanuts, Rubber & Trochus Shell branches and shopping centres PAPUA: Port Moresby, Boroko, Samarai, Popondetta and Daru NEW GUINEA: Rabaul, Kokopo, Kavieng, Lae, Wewak, Madang, Goroka, Wau, Bulolo, Kainantu and Mt. Hagen BURIMSPHILP (New Guinea) LTD.

Head Office Port Moresby Telex PM 116 Telegrams all centres Burphil ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY. 1969

Ws.Gaiifgntereco.Ltii

K \ m

General Merchants

For more than 50 years the W. R, Carpenter Group has brought progress and service to the Pacific Islands-as wholesalers and retailers; as buyers of island produce such as copra, coffee and cocoa beans; and by creating industries and facilities which have contributed to the econoi menf of the area.

Associated companies of tf Group in the Pacific (slant include: The Group is a buyer of merchandise fro and holds many valuable agencies. These incl

• Electrolux 8 Nissan/Datsun 8 Dewars Whi

8 Ford 8 Gordon'S Gin 8 Victa Mowers

8 Evinrude Outboard Motors 8 Chrysler

\BRARY Pa v V lA niarkets. (SV a

Papua/New Guinea

Island Products Limited ew Guinea Company Limited nut Products Limited oroko Motors Limited 3b /I FIJI Carpenters Fiji Ltd.

Morris Hedstrom Limited Island Industries Limited Suva Motors Limited W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LT HEAD OFFICE: 68 PITT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W., AUSTRALIA CABLE ADDRESS: "C AMO HE"

TELEPHONE: 25-5421.

U.K. OFFICE: 22 PARK ST., CROYDON, CR9 3NP.

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY FEBRUARY, 1969