Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. XXV, No. 12 ( Jul. 1, 1955)
1955-07-01 · uncorrected OCR from NLA scans

PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly JULY, 1955 Vol. XXV. No. 12. a rter- tu nj Qsdue 1930-1955 REEF AND PALM... There are many kinds of Pacific Island, some almost continental in size and scenery, but when one thinks of the South seas one thinks of surt on the reef; a fringe of green coconuts; thatched house. This study was submitted by R. H. T. Newick, of Apia,and it is, Prosaically enough a village hospital at Alenipata, Western samoa-but it is also typically South Pacific Island. ( 35 MM Anso Colour).

Along the romantic Coral Route * through the islands *of the South Seas ... on Service” (Fiji-Auckland) . . . across the Tasman Sea three alternative air routes . . . TEAL DC-6 airliners and Solent flying-boats fly day-in-day-out bringing fast modern , twentieth-century transportation to the South Pacific TIAI

Serves The South Pacific

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in association with Qantas and 8.0.A.C.

Three air routes between Australia and New Zealand : (Auckland-Sydney, Christchurch-Sydney and Christchurch-Melbourne).

The Coral Route : Suva, Samoa, Aitutaki, Tahiti. The Hibiscus Service : Fiji-Auckland. Also Suva-Tonga.

IEAL offices at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Sydney, Suva. Booking Agents at all ports of call.

II JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Pacific Islands Monthly

*3dSue No. 12 Vol. XXV July, 1955 Contents:

Quarter-Century

FEATURES:— Why and How I established the Pacific Islands Monthly—by R. W. Robson 4 In 25 years PIM has Presented Four Faces to the World .. 5 PlM’s Advertising Friends —Old and New 6 The Quarter-Century Colourphoto Competition 9 Top Social Event —The Queen’s Visit 11 War Came to the Pacific —Some Highlights of the Years 1941-45 12 Over the Divide and Into the Highlands Exploration on the Roof of New Guinea .. 17 Royal Tonga—The Pacific’s Only Kingdom 25 Diminishing Distance in the Air-Minded Pacific—A Survey of Aviation over 25 Years .. 26 Some PIM Photos of the Past 30 and 36 Depression, Total War and Boom in South Pacific Industries —Copra, Cocoa, Rubber, Gold, Shell, Oil, Sugar and Fruit 35 The Changing Islanders .. .. 42 GENERAL FEATURES: Editorial: And What of the Next Twenty-five Years? 65 Fijian Miners Strike for Higher Wages 66 Future of S. Pacific Copra Industry 66 Do You Remember? —Extracts from PIM of 20 Years Ago .. 66 Five Natives Killed by New Britain Patrol 67 Sir Robert Stanley Leaves BSIP 67 How Fijians Hunt and Kill in Malaya A Despatch from R. W. Robson 68 Territories Talk-Talk 75 P-NG Legislative Council in Session—The Native Liquor Bill :: Supply Bill :; Title of Head of Administration .... 79 An Outsize in Samoan Wedding Cakes 82 SPC Research Council in Session in Noumea 83 Gilbertese Will Migrate to Gizo, BSIP 87 Cardinal Gilroy Tours in S.

Pacific 89 More Decorations for Fijians 93 The Answers to the 65 Questions —P-NG Legco, in Session .. 93 Changes in Commodity Prices, July 93 Current News Items and Pictures From P-NG Correspondents 10 Population Increase in Western Samoa lit Long-sought US Plane Found in Santo 11l Phenomenal Growth of Carpenter Group of Companies 111 Fiji’s Internal Airlines Under Survey 12 Adastra, Too, Has 25th Birthday 12 The Strange Case of the MV Tulagi 12 New Caledonia’s Credit System Assailed 12 News of the Smallships 13i The Burns Philp Story 16?

Big Changes in Western Samoan ; Political Set-up Will Not Be Rushed 163 For Pacific Radio Amateurs ~ 163 OBITUARY: D. Lightbody, ; Bishop Dieter, Mme. Louise I Goupil, C. O’Connor, Mrs. K.

Chalmers; C. S. St. Julian; F. Gadiot; J. Lecoil ITT New Zealand and Australian I Ministers on Tour in the Warm North ITT Empire Sugar Exporters will j Still Be Protected It Fiji’s Travelling Rugby Men and , Hockey Women Do Well .. .. It Changes are Possible on TEAL \ Coral Route 17 1 Teacher Attacks GEIC System 181 Souvenir-hunting Tourists at Moresby 181 Chilly Reception for Japs at j Suva 183 Volume Index for 1954-55 .. .. 18!

A Product of Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd., Technipress House, 29 Alberta Street, Sydney. (29 Alberta Street is 10 yards from the intersection of Goulburn Street and Wentworth Avenue.)

istributed in AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND and the Rowing PACIFIC ISLANDS: lustralian Territories: Papua.

Norfolk Is. Cocos Is.

Inst. Trustee Territories: New Guinea. Nauru.

Itish Protectorates: Solomon Is.

Tonga.

Sritish Crown Colonies: Fiji.

Gilbert & Ellice. .Z. Territories: Cook Is. Niue. 5, Trust Territory; W. Samoa. mch Territories: N. Caledonia.

French Oceania. glo-French Condominium: New Hebrides. . Territories: E. Samoa. Hawaii. i. Trust Territory; Micronesia Caroline, Marshall & Mariana). tch Territory: W. New Guinea.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON.

Assistant Editor: JUDY TUDOR.

Business Manager:

Belwyn Hughes

jEPHONES: General Business, orlal, Advertising, Subscriptions: MA 9197. MA 9198. 1.P.0. BOX 3408, SYDNEY.

Istered Address for Telegrams. lograms, and Cables: “Pacpub.”

Sydney.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Australia and New 'aland and Ausillan, NZ, and Br. iciflc Islands £ 1 4 0 Caledonia, Tahiti . £1 7 o vhere 3Vs US Dollars £1 10 0

Epresentative In New

ZEALAND: ). Whltcombe, P.O. Box 5179, Auckland.

RESENTATIVE IN LONDON, U.K.: Wallis, 13 Rood Lane, London, E.C.3., England.

BOURNE OFFICE: Newspaper louse, 247 Collins St.—Tel.: Cent. 2053.

NTS; All main trading firms stores in the Pacific Islands.

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Why and how I established the Pacific Islands Monthly By R. W.

ROBSON IT was May, 1914. With Fred Twiss, a New Zealand Government official, I was walking down to HMGS Tutanekai, moored in Vavau Harbour, Tonga. We had been to an official party, mixed British and German, held to celebrate some Germanic occasion.

I was thinking aloud. “Fred, did you notice how eager those fellows were for some news of what is happening in Fiji, Samoa, Rarotonga— they don’t even know how things are in their own capital of Nukualofa.”

Fred agreed. “They get the world news every week or two,” he remarked, “but they don’t know for months afterwards what’s happening in the group next door.”

Thus was born the idea of the Pacific Islands Monthly —a news exchange for residents of the South Pacific Islands groups. 1 liked the idea. That was the first time I had seen the Islands; but already I was a walking Islands encyclopaedia. From when I first could read, in the depths of the New Zealand bush, I had been fascinated by the history of the Islands, and the widely varying accounts of life and conditions there; and I then had a phenomenal memory.

I went back with that NZ official party to my reporter’s job on the New Zealand Herald. In the ensuing 15 years, I was in the service of leading Australian newspapers, in Sydney and in London. But I never forgot that Islands newspaper plan, and when I returned to Australia, to try to establish myself as a publisher, the publication of the Pacific Islands Monthly, in August, 1930, was my first real effort.

The Great Depression

The fact that August, 1930, was the dead centre of the Great Depression is the measure of my optimism.

The League of Nations now was seen as a hollow sham; consequently, politico-economic relations between nations were in a deplorable condition, and pessimism governed the outlook of most intelligent men.

Pacific Islands producer s—and especially coconut planters—were close to the breadline.

Australian publishers generally live on the sale of their by-product —advertising space. Who in those days would want to buy space wherein to direct sale messages to Islands residents, who had no money anyway? No wonder my candid friends said I was crazy.

Pale and under-nourished, my publishing enterprise staggered along for a year or two, but somehow stayed alive.

I could not live on the PIM, and so I held down a couple of other salaried jobs, connected with newspapers. One of these jobs called me away to Colombo, Cairo and London only four months after the PIM was started. This seemed a calamity. Actually, it provided the turning-point.

While I was in London, I made a personal investigation of the background of the world’s copra markets —of the causes of the strange fact that, although every ton of copra produced found a buyer, the price paid rarely rose above starvation rates.

The explanation, of course, was the international control of world copra prices by a ruthless combine called Unilever. Uniliver had (a) an independent organisation in every big country and (b) a staff of highly skilled technologists, who had learned how to purify and deodorise such hitherto unpleasant things as tallow and whale oil and coarse, highly flavoured vegetable oils, so that they could compete with copra in markets which the coconut always had regarded as its own.

Dominating the markets where all these substances were in demand, Unilever held prices just where it wanted to. The various producers were allowed to make a living, but Unilever got most of whatever big rewards were around. (Unilever maintained its position unchallenged, as world dictator of the vegetable and animal oil markets, until World War 11. Then, under w T ar-time powers, the combined Western Governments asE sumed control of these market! (with one of Uniliver’s heads a* chief confidential adviser!) Since the war, owing to factors that ma;j not be described here, Unilever— although very much in the picture —has not yet exercised the sanw dictatorship over the markets.) 1930-40: BATTLING ALONG In a short series of articles, pub< lished between December, 1930, an«j March, 1931, I tried to explain Unilever and the new technologicaf processes to the half-starved ano. resentful coconut-g rowers ano, traders.

This, apparently, was exactly wha* the embattled South Seas people! wanted. The circulation of the PI M bounded forward into figures whicH established the journal as a per' manent institution.

But my real troubles had onl;J commenced. I had not nearly enougfi money to finance this healthy ano rapidly growing enterprise. CasH from sales and advertising came in slowly—those were days of long; credit—but my printing bill had to be paid every month. Just when it seemed that I should have to sell a large part of the enterprise, ano thus virtually give up control, a NG gold-mining man whom I hao known only a little while offeree: me a loan of a couple of thousano. pounds, without any written security whatever.

With this aid, my little show madt* sound, solid progress. Within two years, I had brought out the first edition of Pacific Islands Year 800 l (now established throughout thej world’s libraries as the top-rankingj book of reference on the Pacifies Islands). By 1937, I had acquired a small interest in, and the managing-’ directorship of, the old-establisheo; Sydney & Melbourne Publishing Cod Pty., Ltd., and thus had my own printing-office.

ARRIVAL OF W/WAR 11.

By 1938, the PIM and I were doings well; but, as a former newspaper; foreign correspondent, I was moste uneasy. In Europe, in the ’Twenties?, I personally had seen the virtuae collapse of the League of Nations; In the ’Thirties, I watched the rise? of the semi-lunatic Schickelgrubeis (otherwise Adolf Hitler); and I knew the meaning of the new Rome- Berlin-Tokio Axis, The threat of war lifted the coprs price substantially in the ’Thirties.2 but there was little comfort in thatr.

Persistently, in my PIM, I published reports of Japanese penetration ole (Continued on page 38) R. W. Robson a photo taken a few years ago by Leo White, of "White's Aviation". 4 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

[?]e PIM has had

[?]Our Faces

IHE first issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly was in newspaper format and so were the issues that followed. The size s about that of a modern tabloid ivspaper. It had no outside cover it has to-day. One of the pictures, re with, shows how it first preited itself to the world. rhe reason why it took newsjer form was a matter of expedizy rather than design. In the le of December, 1931, PIM was iuced to a size known as demy irto —that is, approximately by 111 in. It had a smart fullour cover and now looked like magazine. This is how it had n originally planned.

Tiis cover, however, was more istic than authentic. Although palms undoubtedly were bearing onuts, to the initiated they ked like betel-nut palms, not onut palms. More to the point cover in four colours was exisive, and this particular “face” ;ed for only two issues. a March, 1932, a cover in green I black, very much like the one I used, made its appearance. A ?le palm tree, instead of the rent double palms, was used, and ind it was a native house in zk. The size remained unchanged, I this coconut tree was authentic ugh. his particular cover—with a dif- ;nt picture for each month —was i until November, 1934, when the (Continued on page 7) ABOVE: Pacific Islands Monthly, No. 1, Vol. 1. BELOW: The three other covers of the magazine. That of February, 1932, was a PIM faux pas—the scene was Samoa —not in the mountainless Ellice Islands. 5 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

ADVERTISERS -Old Friends & New e * qVJP ft sh\pch &*> ««* fe M •v LTD.

Burns Philp

t There would be no PIM without our When the Pacific Islands Monthly, Number One, Volume One, first emerged to face an uninterested world, it was August, of the Depression year 1930. That issue contained 12 pages; and it carried 13 advertisements. Two of those advertisements eventually became “bad debts”.

AT the end of the first year, No. 12, Volume 1, had increased its pages to 16, and there were 59 individual advertisers. From that point, for the first decade of its life, PIM went on winning more staunch advertising friends, most of whom are still with us to-day.

“Popular” magazines and newspapers are only as strong as the support given them by advertisers.

And in this department we have been singularly fortunate loyal advertisers have helped us to prosper in the good years and enabled us to survive in the bad years.

In the first year of PlM’s life, there were—among the many who came to us—five advertisers who having come, remained for every subsequent issue up to this date. An advertisement a month, for around 25 years, come boom-time, come war or depression, is loyalty and consistency in any language.

These five top-advertisers are: • Burns Philp and Co. and their subsidiaries: • Brunton’s Flour; • W. R. Carpenter and Co.; • W. Kopsen and Co. Pty. Ltd.; • Sil Rohu.

Burns Philp and Bruntons came in in the second issue of Volume l— in September, 1930; W. R. Carpenter & Co. entered a month later, in PIM Raises Its Hat TO FIVE WHO TOPPED THE POLL October, 1930. W. Kopsen and Sil Rohu arrived towards the end of Volume I—in May and July, 1931, respectively.

Several other marathon advertisers came in in that first year, and had it not been for the middle war years which forced them to quit temporarily, they would have been contenders in our long-distance stakes.

Mcllrath’s Pty. Ltd., Wm. Arnott, Holbrook Ltd., Vincent’s APC, and W. D. and H. O. Wills are in thi section.

In its first decade, PIM acquirer a solid core of advertising friend; who joined us in this order: In the 2nd year: Gillespie Bro« Pty. Ltd.; Nelson and Robertsoc Pty. Ltd.; Shell Company; Tilloc: and Co.; Tooths; Vacuum Oil Co.( Wunderlich Ltd.

In the 3rd year: Bank of Nev South Wales; Garrett, Davidso* and Matthey Pty. Ltd. (then Garret and Davidson); Kodak; Noyes Bros,* Steamships Trading Company; W. 8 Tait.

In the 4th year: Aspro; W. Jno.

Baker; Blaxland-Rae (then man); Ransomes Sims and Jefferi© Ltd.; Coleman Lamps and Mass Batteries (now both advertised be their agents, Robert Gillespie Pty Ltd.); Mungo Scott; Wright am Co.

In the sth year: Angus am Robertson Ltd.; Breckwoldts; Gram Pacific Hotel; Morris, Hedstron Ltd.; Ford Sherrington.

In the 6th year: Cystex; A. H Donald; W. H. Grove and Son: Ltd.; Kerr Bros.; Nestles; Yorkshire Insurance.

In the 7th year: C. Sullivan Ltd.] Oscar Nordman.

In the Bth year: Electrolux Res frigerators; Amplion (A/sia) Ltd.,J In the 9th year; Riverstone Meais Co. Pty. Ltd. (after a false stan in our first year).

In the 10th year: Gilbey’s Ginr Colonial Wholesale Meat Co.

BY 1939, PIM had become a solfii looking journal of 76 pages anti a volume of advertising thaE was not so very far below that oc to-day—about 140 individual ad£ vertisers as against the 180 to 19<€ of the present.

Then came the war.

In its first two years, before thir Japs complicated matters, there wa£ a decrease in advertising, but it wa£ not sufficient to be alarming. Them in December, 1941, came Pean Harbour and, in the new year, thtr southward thrust of the Japs* Advertising collapsed like a pack o cards, reaching its downward limits! in the 1942-43 period—probably ii the issue of Feb., 1943, when then were only 50 advertisers, nine less than PIM had at the end of itf first year.

Priceless is the advertiser who continues to buy space when then is nothing to sell and no one to sell; it to. Through what was virtual!:! the charity of a few score stout-; hearted traders, manufacturers anc 6 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

cover at present in use, with the double coconuts that have virtually become the trade mark of Pacific Publications, was used for the first time. No one in the company now, not even its founder, can remember why the first green coconut was scrapped in favour of the present double palms.

PIM underwent one further change, but this time in size only.

In August, 1951, it was reduced to its present size (known as crown quarto) although otherwise the face it presented to the world remained the same. Post-war paper shortage, and the incerased cost of labour, raw materials and postage were the reasons behind the change to the slightly smaller size.

H Mr. J. W. Lister, an Administration Officer in Gambia, has been appointed to be an Administrative Officer, Grade I, Fiji, where he and his family are due in August.

II A group of Hollywood actors, including Jon Hall and Bing Crosby, was expected to visit Tahiti this Winter. rchants, we were able to keep )at during the worst of the war its, and were thus enabled to •vide a useful news service to the usands who had been scattered m their homes in the Pacific by Japanese invasion.

Lmong those who advertised durthis lean period—apart from the ) Five—were Jno. W, Baker; sman Lamps; Cystex; A. B. laid; Electrolux; Garrett and ddson; Gilbey’s; Robert Gillespie; espie Bros.; Grand Pacific Hotel; H. Grove and Sons; Nelson and >ertson; Noyes Bros.; Riverstone it Co.; Wunderlich Ltd.; C. ivan; Tillock and Co.; Steam- > Trading Co.; Yorkshire Insur- -5; Colonial Meat Co.

EM’s hat comes off for these, here were, of course, numerous and post-war casualties. Amallated Wireless of Australasia was outstanding of these. AWA e to us with the first issue of [ and remained for every issue 1 well into the war years—until, act, radio communications were onalised and Overseas Telemunications took over AWA’s o network. KLM, the Dutch ping line, was another casualty. j company’s ships no longer call slands ports in the SW Pacific. atiful :e ace brought industrial unrest; iblic, which had been deprived pods for years, clamorous for hing and everything that could ireduced; and plants geared to and not peacetime production, ddition, millions of tons of shiphad been sunk, thus severely icting distribution.

Ivertising volume increased during this period—but it was anticipatory rather than as an instrument in an active selling campaign.

It was towards the end of the second half of this post-war decade that the matters of supply and demand began to cancel themselves out and it was against this background, and as a reflection of a period of boom, that advertising volume began to increase and assume its present proportions.

Twenty-five years is a long time in the course of human affairs, and it was inevitable that changes affecting the whole field of trading in the South Pacific should occur in that period. Increased buying power in the hands of native peoples, and such people as the Indian community of Fiji; the high post-war prices received for all Pacific Islands products; and the demands of re-construction in the Territories of the SW Pacific, have been factors that recently have made the South Pacific Islands, as a group, a most lucrative field for overseas trade.

The extraordinary growth of air transportation has given us such advertisers as Qantas Empire Airways, TEAL, BOAC, the NZ National Airways Corporation.

The destruction of so many Islands small-ships during the war gave an impetus to Australian smallship building and brought into the pages of PIM Captain Kennedy, Gardner engines, Thornycroft, Lars Halvorsen Sons Pty Ltd. (who came to us originally in the 30’s) Bjarne Halvorsen, etc.

Better radio reception in the Islands and, in some cases, the establishment of local radio stations, the development of tele-radio and the installation of radio in even small-ships, have given a fillip to the radio industry; and this in turn is reflected in advertising from radio suppliers, and especially Crammonds, of Queensland.

A desire to get away from the unnecessary hardships of pioneering, and to find some means of overcoming post-war labour shortages, has been reflected in the development of labour-saving devices such as horn e-lighting, refrigeration, mechanised agriculture, improved copra driers, etc. In this advertising field have came Dangar Gedye and Malloch (who as Dangar Gedye were with us for some years in the 30’s), Tyneside Foundry, Braybon, and others.

Some Islands firms which increased their activities after the war—such as Colyer Watson Ltdare now advertisers, although they were not with us before the war.

Because of the wholesale destruction of buildings in the SW Pacific during the war, there has been much advertising of building materials, prefabricated houses, paints, etc. On the debit side there is now little or no call for mining gear, and advertisers of this line of merchandise have dropped out.

Thank You ON this, our 25th anniversary, we would like to thank all our advertisers —whether they joined us last month, or in 1930. Although old friends are a matter of considerable pride to us, without our new friends who have joined us in the post-war decade, we could not continue to live or to grow—and it is about you new advertisers that we probably shall be writing a story for our Half Century issue in August, 1980!

All our advertisers —old, new, large, small —are equally valuable to us. So—thank you for coming; thank you for staying. We hope to see more of you in the 100 years ahead. 7 PlM's Four Faces (Continued from page 5) CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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[?]E Of Pim'S Biggest Headaches

A Quarter Century

[?]oosing the Award Winners in Our Colour Photo Competition S announced in June issue of . Pacific Islands Monthly, the following were award winners in Quarter-Century colour-photo i petition; FIRST PRIZE AWARD OF £25: lolour transparency submitted by >r. K. W. Todd, c/o Department f Health, Port Moresby, Papua, übject: Mt. Hagen huntsman.

See page 17, this issue).

AWARDS OF £5: These will be lade to the following: R. H. T. Newick, Apia, Western amo a. Subject: A Study of imoan fales and blue sea. (Cover, lis issue).

The Rev. Fr. Michael E. Bodnar, oroka, via Lae, New Guinea, abject: A Wahgi Valley Tul-tul. >age 21, this issue).

F. E. Dunn, Noumea, New Calemia. Subject: Study of a Fijian rl. (Page 42, this issue).

Mrs. B. Haydon, Lae, New uinea. Subject: Haus Tambaran, Maprik. (Page 43, this issue).

Mrs. R. F. Williams, c/o Radio ation 2 GN, Goulburn, NSW. ibject: Storm over the reef, ’age 43, this issue). le contest was announced in of October, 1954, and by closdate, March 31, 1955, there were over 200 entries—some indicaof how popular colourography has become in the last years. ie number of entries was disly gratifying—but a numberheadache for those who had to se the half-dozen that were lately used. At least 75 per cent, he entries would have made ;ing pictures, so we had to fall on what we had said in our nal announcement that we d use those “that we consider oest for our purpose.” this regard then, perhaps it be said that this was no tary photo competition in that lical perfection did not weigh eavily with us as it does in competitions, ne entries which we favoured strongly were eliminated be- ! the block-maker considered other somewhat similar entries i be easier to reproduce. Into category came “The Nether,” submitted by Pan Ameri- -srints, of Pago Pago, a delicate parency in pastel blues and ; “New Hanover Beach Scene,” itted by H. W. Evans, of mg, T-NG; and “The Pottery- Makers,” by G. E. Miller, of Samarai, Papua.

Several brilliant entries were reluctantly rejected because it was considered that they could have been anywhere in the tropics and not necessarily in the South Seas.

K. Reschke’s “Tulagi—l9s4” came into this category; so did R. J.

Oxley’s study of a flame tree on Apia waterfront.

Other entries were rejected because, although they were attractive, they were obviously posed—which we did not want.

Each entry was examined carefully; after three elimination processes we divided those that had survived into sections—New Guinea Highlands; Samoa; Fiji; Polynesia, general; Papua-New Guinea; New Caledonia, BSIP, etc.; and Miscellaneous. The following entries, in the above sections, are those from which we made the final choice: HIGHLANDS: —T h e Rev. Fr.

Michael E. Bodnar, Goroka, (Wahgi Valley Tul-Tul); Pastor A. J. Campbell, SDA Mission, Goroka, (Studies of Goroka and Chimbu Natives); Dr. K. W. Todd, Port Moresby, (Hagen Huntsman and study of a Banz native); T. Dwyer, New Britain, (Gift exchange ceremony, Mt. Hagen).

SAMOA: Pan American Prints, Pago Pago, (The Net-Thrower); Art Wisner, Pago Pago, (Samoan fale ); R. H. T. Newick, Apia, (Beach House and Reef); R. J. Oxley, Fanning Island, (Apia Flame Tree) ; C. A.

Stinson, Suva, (Village Scene).

FIJI;—The Rev. W. H. Hill, Savusavu, Fiji, (Fijian Girls with tobe locks); F. E. Dunn, Noumea, (Study of a Girl) ; C. A. Stinson (Sunset on Suva Harbour); P. A.

Bonhote, Suva, (Bullocks in Canefield) ; R. C. Evetts, Suva, (Fijian Policeman); Dr. Marshall Laird, Singapore (Suva Market Scene); Capt. H. P. Hammond, Sydney (Fiji Military Band) ; Mrs. R. F. Williams, Goulburn, NSW (Storm Over the Reef).

POLYNESIA. GENERAL:—Mrs.

A. Vercoe, Pago Pago, (July 14 Celebration, Papeete) ; Jack Thornton, Suva, (Rotuman “Pin-up”

Girl); August Hettig, Nukualofa (Tongan Seascape) ; D. E. McMahon, Wellington, NZ (Rarotonga Waterfront) ; Pastor A. G. Stewart, Sydney, (Tongan Beauty).

PAPUA-NEW GUINEA:—L. G.

Naughton, Kikori, Papua (Kukukukus) ; Miss Dorothy Pederick, Rabaul, T-NG, (Mother and Child Study, Duke of York Is.); N. C.

Robinson, Wau, NG, (Group in a Rice-field); John Greene, Sydney, (Loading at Kieta) ; Mrs. A. M. Hall, Samarai, Papua (Sila Sila, Papua); W. C. J. Grafen, Melbourne, (River Scene) ; H. W. Evans, Kavieng, (New Hanover Beach); Mrs. B. Haydon, Lae, (Haus Tambaran, Maprik) ; The Rev. J. D. Robinson, Rabaul, (Native Feast, Duke of York Is.) ; R. V. Grant, Sydney, (Trobriand Yam-houses) ; G. E. Miller, Samarai, (Pottery-maker) ; K. Hermann, Hotel Rouna, Papua, (Marine Village, Papua) ; Mrs. T. D. Grant, Sydney, (Rat Is., Papua);.

NEW CALEDONIA, BSIP, ETC.: —K. Reschke, Honiara, BSIP, (Tulagi—l9s4) ; A. T. Dunne, Diamond Creek, Vic., (Native Canoes, Western Solomons); Holland Bois, Noumea, (Wallis Islanders) ; F. E.

Dunn, Noumea, (New Caledonian Boy) ; Dr. J. S. Cumpston, Noumea (Flying-boat Alighting, Vila) ; J. W. (Continued on page 37) 9 IFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Service In The South Pacific Islands

Through our Large Establishments in Suva and our Numerous Branches, we distribute a wide and comprehensive range of General Merchandise and provide almost every kind of service. Our departments and associated businesses include: DRAPERY

Motor Sales

And Service

TOBACCO

Timber And

BUILDING GROCERY CONFECTIONERY HARDWARE ELECTRICAL LIQUORS DRUGS Throughout F , Samoa and Tonga There is a Branch or Agent of Morris Hedstrom Limited in every Town in the Three Territories.

We are Sole Agents in these Territories for British Drug Houses Ltd.

"Chula" Copra Dryers.

Electrolux Ltd.

Ford Motor Co.

General Electric Co. Ltd.

Goodyear Tyre and Rubber Co.

B. A. Hjorth & Co. (Primus Products).

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

International Harvester Export To.

Matson Navigation Company.

Max Factor and Co. Inc.

Pacific Islands Transport Line.

Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies Ltd.

Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd.

Yorkshire Copper Works Ltd.

Morris Hedstrom Limited ore LLOYD'S AGENTS in Fiji and Samoa.

IN AUSTRALIA: MORRIS HEDSTROM LIMITED, (Incorporated in Fiji.) Asbestos House, 65 York Street, SYDNEY IN GREAT BRITAIN: MORRIS HEDSTROM UMITED, Barclay's Bank Buildings, 73 Cheapside, LONDON, E.C.2 10 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

was the Pacific's ggest Social Event

He Queen’S

[?]ISIT IHE Pacific Islands were not forgotten during the long visit that the young Queen Elizabeth 11, d her consort, the Duke of inburgh, paid to the Southern misphere in 1953-54.

Cn route to New Zealand from ; West Indies, the Royal party mt two days in Fiji (December 19) and two days in Tonga (Dec. 20) In New Zealand later, they t representatives from the Cook mds, Western Samoa and Niue. n Canberra, between February 13 i 20, European, Chinese and ;ive representatives of Papua and v Guinea, Nauru and Norfolk ind were presented to the Queen i attended many of the functions t were arranged during the /al party’s stay in Australia’s ital. As well, native units of the /y, Pacific Islands Regiment and /al P-NG Constabulary, with ir European officers, plus a small tingent of the PNGVR were also Canberra for the Royal occasion. i March, a large delegation P-NG natives and Chinese rents flew from the Territory to ;t the Queen and the Duke in :ns. [?] pictures on this page cover the Royal in three countries. At right, is the incident above all others, pleased the world and press photographers: The three-years-old y child, Adi Mei Kainona, daughter of [?] Ratu Penasa Ganilau, presents a bouquet to the Queen just after she had stepped ashore on Fijian soil.

Below, left, an incident during the private picn.c at Queen Salote's country home, outside Nukualofa, Tonga. Princess Mata'aho is fastening a lei around the neck of Queen Elizabeth, while Princess Melenaite performs a similar service for the Duke. The photograph below, right was taken in the grounds ot Government House, Canberra, on the day that the Pacific Islands delegations were presented to Her Majesty and the Duke of Edinburgh. :iFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

War Came To the Pacific The most important event in the Pacific in the last quarter century undoubtedly was the Pacific War, December 7, 1941- August 15, 1945. No Pacific territory was left untouched by it.

Some territories were battle grounds. The sociological consequences everywhere were profound.

WAR, actual and bloody, came to the Pacific with the treacherous Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941.

British and French possessions in the Pacific, had, of course, been “at war” since September, 1939 although this preliminary to Pearl Harbour was mostly just a period of Spitfire fund drives and copra trouble because world shipping was concentrated in the northern hemisphere. There was in addition, of course, a falling out of the young men who joined locally raised contingents, or went to Australia, New Zealand or Europe and joined one of the forces there, subsequently fighting in the Middle East, Africa or Belgium and France.

Pearl Harbour changed all this for the Pacific. In a matter of hours, war had become a personal thing for all dwellers therein and in the next few weeks, as the Japs pushed south at speed, whole islands and archipelagoes were engulfed until Australia and New Zealand, pulling their puny defences together, faced the immediate prospect of becoming the front line.

This is not the place to recount the whole story of war in the Pacific. But now, ten years after it ended, it is interesting to look back on some of its incidents and some of its consequences.

The Yanks Came ONE of the most important facetf of war in the Pacific was the American invasion of Soutl: Pacific islands and the enduring influence that invasion had. Nod enduring in a material sense (fon although the Americans, during their four years in the area, pen formed constructional works od magnitude, few of these projects an now with us) but in that they taughi Australasia and the South Pacific fot think American.

The United States lost six battle? ships, 240 planes and 3,300 men ai Pearl Harbour. A crippling blow one might have expected. Yet, b J March, 1942, American forces bans come south about and had estabf lished themselves in Australia, Neve Zealand and New Caledonia. Veo shortly afterward they had estabd lished more bases in Fiji and Santo: New Hebrides, and as the monthd 12 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

some, it meant this . . .

To some . . . this t by, in Western Samoa and in sr parts of Polynesia—building strips in remote islands of the ks and French Oceania and folk Island. When the leaping tactics of General Douglas ;Arthur were put into operation, r moved north into the Gilberts, the Marshalls, the Marianas and the Carolines.

In Papua, New Guinea, in Bougainville and the Solomons they fought their battles, in company with Australian and Fijian troops, RAAF and RNZAF, and units of the Australian and New Zealand Navies.

Appearing when they did —at the moment of the Pacific’s greatest need —it would have been hard indeed, for the people of these places to regard them other than as saviours.

Staid citizens stood about in the streets “just to hear the Americans talk.” They were welcomed into homes—and, as far as the feminine population was concerned, into hearts. And although it was inevitable that that hero-worship complex should be tempered as the months and years passed, there were always more points of similarity between Yank and South Pacific dweller than points of divergence. The South Pacific learned to admire American know-how and the fact that they “got things done.” These sentiments they carried into peace, until now, without loosening the sentimental ties with Europe, it is to America that the South Pacific looks for leadership.

To the native inhabitant of the Islands, the American was a new kind of man ... a new kind of man who had more money than sense.

So the lowly laundry boy, or laundry woman, the owner of a few coconuts, the maker of a grass skirt or a crude carving, or anything that could remotely be described as a “curio,” soon found that he had what the American wanted —f o r dollars, not the pence that the former European residents of the Islands had been prepared to expend for these goods and services.

And when war receded, and finally ended, and Administrations tried to get affairs back to normal, this dollar-prosperity amongst native people was a factor to be reckoned with. New industries languished; old ones were slow to revive while the potential labour force lived on its war-gotten wealth and was uninterested in resuming its old role of drawers of water and hewers of wood.

The Islander is, of course, traditionally an independent gentleman, owning his own land and, without too much effort, providing himself with sustenance. It would not be true, therefore, to say that independence came with war-time wealth—but the war certainly provided the Islander with sufficient of the white man’s money to satisfy him for a considerable time.

Labouring on the white man’s plantain therefore was out, for the time being. Many never returned to it at all—having been stimulated to new ideas of enterprise by direct contact with a breed of European differing widely from the colonial planter, businessman or administrator who had previously been their only European contact.

This, plus, of course, the surge of socialism that manifested itself in all colonial administrations after the war, when governments leaned over backwards to prove that any native, no matter how primitive, needed only opportunity to show that he was as good as his master.

Many of the socialistic experiments entered into at that time proved completely abortive and in the light of time and experience have been scrapped, but the overall effect of war in the Pacific has meant a great stride in emancipation for all native peoples.

Nor were the natives alone in financial benefit. Many modest fortunes enjoyed by non-indigenous people in the Islands to-day were Carrier on the Kokoda Trail 1F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

BURNS PHILP (NEW GUINEA) LTD. c%OPMNC OF THE TERRITORY OF

Papua And New Guinea

A 4> General Merchants , Shipping, Customs and General KAVIENfr* COPRA / RABAU COPRA W COCOA ]/ madang\° COPRA A Q LAE COPRA JIMBB BUIOLO /PLVwoa On/ GOLD/. w COFFEE peanuts

Pt.Moresby

Q RUBBER RICE COPR enfa OKOPO COPRA (J \ A Branches throughout Papua-New Guinea Head Office: Port Moresby SAMARAI TROCHUS COPRA Associated Pacific Isl.

Companies: Burns Philp (South Sea) C( Ltd.

Burns Philp (New Hebrides Ltd.

Australion Agents: Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.

ALL STATES.

San Francisco Agents: Burns-Philp Coy. San Francisco Inc., 510 Matson Building.

London Agents: Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.

London House, 35 Crutched Friars, E.C.3.

Agents for The Shell Company of Australia Ltd.

Representatives for: Queensland Insurance Co. Ltd.

Burns Philp Trust Co. Ltd.

LLOYDS AGENTS

Distributors Of

MOTOR VEHICLES, TRACTORS, AND MACHINERY FOR: COPRA, RUBBER, COFFEE, RICH COCOA, PEANUT PRODUCTION, SAWMILLING AND GENERAL FARMING. 14 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Many came to this.. . nded on good Yankee dollars, I, to a lesser extent, to good Auslian and New Zealand pounds, .nd, wherever the Americans it they fell in love and somees married. And as a conaence, in the United States, now ttered over the 48 States of the ion are young women, war brides the early post-war period, from and Australia, the Samoas and v Zealand—tens of thousands of m in the aggregate, forging, with ir husbands and their children, rig links between the South Seas [ the United States.

Escape from Japs s the Japs moved with speed th and east, it was inevitable t many Pacific Islands dwellers I ke one morning to find themes behind the Jap advance. The 'tion was usually immediate: to ipe. The following is just one i story out of hundreds. It was oared from official reports and orts from the men concerned, all which came to us in the early years but which we were unable ise then, for security reasons. 5 now presented, it forms part i book manuscript of a collecof Pacific war escape stories :h we hope some day to publish ts entirety. This is the first time escape from the Gilberts in early has seen print. ‘ART from Roman Catholic missionaries, of whom there were between 30 and 40 in the whole Gilbert Islands, there were only about 20 Europeans left in the Group at December 7, 1941—the women and children having been taken south in a ship only a few days earlier.

Most of those Europeans were on Tarawa, which was the pre-war administrative centre of the Gilberts.

The administrative officer, Mr. A. C.

Bevington, was, however, on the administrative patrol vessel Kiakia when they heard of the Japanese raid on Tarawa on December 10.

Thinking that the atoll had been permanently occupied, the Kiakia therefore turned southwards and later reached Suva.

Besides F. L. G. Holland and R. C.

Morgan, stationed on Bairiki, there were on Betio Islet, Dr. D. R. Steenson, Chief Govt. Medical Officer, Dr. L. Isaac, his assistant: Mr. A. C.

English, postmaster and Customs Officer; Mr. George Jenner, manager of the local branch of Burns Philp (SS) Ltd.; his assistant, Mr. Clark; Captain T. C. Doughty, of Burns Philps’ auxiliary schooner Helena; and Captain I. R. Handley, retired master-mariner. Later they were joined (December 9) bv the officers of the RCS Nimanoa— Captain E. W.

Harness: Chief-Officer Harold Stead; Messrs. Sinclair and Hunt, engineers; and on January 17 by the survivors of the Panamanian Donerail. (■Donerail had been sunk near Hawaii by a Japanese submarine two days after the attack on Pearl Harbour. The sub had shelled the ship as passengers and crew were manning life-boats swung out from their davits. Twenty-four people out of the 42 on board had been killed and the survivors had taken to a large steel life-boat which normally would have accommodated 50. The boat had been badly holed by shell-splinters and sank to the gunwales, being kept afloat by its air tanks. The occupants Anally succeeded in plugging most of the holes with pieces of clothing. In the next 38 days, before they reached Tarawa, they lived on saltwater-soaked ships’ biscuits, flyingfish, vitamin tablets and a case of milk. They continually fought off attacks by shark s—particularly during the first days when the boat was partially filled with water, and of the 24 who began the voyage only eight reached Tarawa alive. Of the survivors five were Danish, one Norwegian and one Australian— Murray Chambers).

When Betio was awakened by the approach of two Jap destroyers in the early hours of December 10, 1941, Dr. Steenson sent a message to Mr.

English, as Customs Officer, and the local manager of Burns Philp, to destroy all oil stocks, as previously arranged. Mr. English who normally was a quiet retiring type of man, and perhaps might have merited being described as timid, showed up extraordinarily well in this crisis. He not only frightened away the Japanese by brandishing his axe and a torch when destroying the Government oil stocks, but later he refused to hand over the key of the Government safe to a Japanese soldier who demanded it at the point of a bayonet. When he got Bomana War Cemetery, a few miles from Port Moresby, one of three war cemeteries in ua-New Guinea.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

Fijian soldiers embarking in Suva for the Solomon Islands' campaign.

Photo by Fiji Public Relations Office. 15 CIF I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

nowhere with Mr. English the Jap attempted to break the safe open with an axe but succeeded only in breaking off the handles. Later, after English had been tied up, the key was obtained but by that time the safe had been so knocked about that it could not be opened with a key. After the Japs had departed, the handles of the safe were refitted by an engineer off the Nimanoa and it then opened easily.

In this way £l,OOO of the Colony’s money was saved from the enemy.

When the Japanese marines landed on the beach apparently the first European house that they reached was that of Captain Handley, where a great commotion immediately began—the Japs smashing things and the old Captain cursing them roundly. From Handley they went smartly across to Jenner’s bungalow where they baled up the BP manager, Clark, and a Euronesian foreman. From Jenner they demanded the keys of BP’s store — their intelligence system was apparently pretty good: they knew what they wanted and that Jenner could lead them to it. The keys were produced: the party proceeded to the store, which was unlocked. What the Japs saw inside made them very content. Jenner and party were taken along to join the rest of the European population then being herded together at the administrative offices.

The Japs then turned their attentions to Nimanoa and Burns Philp’s auxiliary schooner Helena.

Nimanoa had arrived at Tarawa on the afternoon of December 9.

An air-raid had been reported from Ocean Island that same afternoon and Nimanoa’s master, Captain E. W. Harness, was doubtful if he should stay in Tarawa. However, it was expected that if leaving the atoll were considered a matter of extreme urgency by Authority, radio instructions would come from Ocean Island. Captain Harness therefore prepared to stay the night ashore with Dr. Steenson. Chief-Officer Harold Stead, the second engineer and several of the native crew stayed on board and commenced to take on oil and water in preparation for an early get-away.

The first intimation Captain Stead had that the Japs had landed was when Sinclair, the Nimanoa’s engineer, came on board with a message from Captain Harness that Stead was to bend on a white flag in case the ship was shelled from the sea. Stead destroyed the ship’s codes and made his own preparation for dealing with the Japs: he knocked the pin out of the shackle in the starboard chain, all ready for slipping at a second’s notice.

Some time before 5 am two native wireless telegraphists came on board and attempted to get into communication with Ocean Island— they had been chased out of the station ashore by the Japs. But before they could establish contact, the Japanese had brought their machine-guns down to the jetty and opened fire on both Nimanoa and Helena.

There was now nothing much left for Stead to do but slip the cable although the tide was not quite right for so doing. Daylight was coming fast, and at 6 o’clock he took out the pin of the shackle and let the cable go. Nimanoa drifted slowly before a northerly wind and, at high water, went firmly or to the reef near the Government wharf. Stead remained with his ship until a boarding-party arrived about 9.30 am and took him ashore to the line-up.

To an inquiry from the Japanese Naval Officer as to who had slipped the anchor chain, he laconically ve c . plied, “I did.”

His action prevented Nimanon falling into enemy hands. Captaiii Harness was ordered to get thf Nimanoa off the reef but when r was shown that this was clearlj impossible, a demolition charge \va£ placed in her. She was blown up and her wreckage burned for some hours.

While Stead was s 1 i p p i n; Nimanoa’s cable and drifting to thf reef, Captain Doughty was lying lov on the Helena. But finally he deE cided that he would have to g* ashore and find out what was hape pening, so rowed himself there in i dinghy and was promptly made prisoner by the Japs.

After interrogation he, with youm Narruhn, the engineer, were takei; back to the Helena and forced td start up the engine and go outsidi the entrance to pilot one of the Jap destroyers into the lagoon. Once inr side, the destroyer’s officers cam ashore, seized every available boas and began to transport BL merchandise to the Helena.

The dozen Europeans of the isle and a number of Euronesians re5 mained under guard near thr Customs House throughout most cd the day. One or two otherwise grim incidents had their brighter side« When the belligerent Captaii Handley arrived at the line-up, aft© an earlier dust-up with the firs flush of Japs at his own bungalow he was sweating in a pair of handt cuffs. The Japs had found thr handcuffs when looting his hous and had promptly applied them tJ their still demonstrative owner. HE remained for some time in them until, in fact, other Europeans sue cessfully pleaded with the Japanese to release the old man.

By the time the destroyer ha|i come inside the lagoon the invaden (Continued on page 145) At left: The monument erected by the Americans on Tarawa —first in local material, later in permanent cement.

At right: A close-up of the inscription: "In memory of 22 British subjects murdered by the Japanese at Betio on the 15th October, 1942. Standing unarmed to their posts, they matched brutality with gallantry and met death with fortitude." 16 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

[?]Er The Divide And

Into The Highlands

In the last quarter-century, exploration has added the Highlands of Papua and New Guinea to the Pacific world —but as a Pacific world apart.

NLY one island in the Pacific has presented problems of exploration on the grand plan— d that island is the mainland of New Guinea, hen PIM first appeared, 25 years ago, a vast iount of exploration had been done but it had, it were, only nibbled Papua and New Guinea )und the edges or cut narrow corridors by lated patrols. The vast interior remained a ; question mark.

Now, in 1955, the question is pretty well swered; aerial surveys have shown what is there, the remotest mountain valleys, even if Euroms have not had actual physical contact with their inhabitants. So far as the magnificent ling grasslands of the Eastern and Western dilands are concerned—these now arc open to ropeans and European settlement.

Their discovery, exploration and settlement /c been partly chance, partly deliberate. Gold, ape, oil, and the P-NG Administrative policy bringing the whole Territory under “control”, /c all played their part. Before 1930, most )ple believed that this central portion of the at island was a tangled mass of inhospitable untains.

Discoveries in the last quarter-century have •ved that it is far otherwise; have added >bably 500,000 people to the known 1930 ive population; and shown that there are at st 26,000 square miles more of habitable intry.

Early explorers, returning from the area, all 1 one thing to say: it was a wonderland— illy different from anything else in New inea. Colin Simpson in one of his books ms flying from the coast to the Highlands a drink of iced hock after partaking of warm p. Certainly, although there are affinities ween Highlands and the rest of the Territory, re are few with the rest of the South Seas, egion typically one of coral island and atoll I sea-faring natives. In this respect the Highds are a world apart.

Let us then first look at them, as they are in this year of 1955.

Although, in the last few years, there have THE PRIZE-WINNING PHOTO: We have chosen this colour photo as the £25 prize winner because of its artistic composition; in this respect we considered it the most outstanding of all the entries. Some of the other entries from the Highlands—that reproduced on page 21, for example—were much more brilliant in colouring but the more subdued shades of the above reflect the Highlands in another, subtle mood. The prize-winning photographer is Dr. K. W. Todd, of Port Moresby. The photo depicts a Mt. Hagen native out for a day’s hunting, (Kodachrome). 17 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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NELSON AND ROBERTSON PTY. LTD.

Established 1895.

P.O. Box 5316, G.P.0., Sydney.

Address: 12 Spring Street, Sydney

Islands Merchants, Importers

And Exporters

Merchandise purchased for Clients from any part of the World at best factory and wholesale prices.

Cocoa Beans, Coffee Beans, Trocas Shell and all Island produce sold on commission. \ I The Directors and Staff of Nelson and Robertson Pty. Ltd., who have just celebrated their 60th Anniversary of South Pacific trading, offer congratulations to the "Pacific Islands Monthly" on attaining its 25th Anniversary.

For your New South Wales and Victorian Requirements: Communicate with our HEAD OFFICE. Cables: “Ivan”, Sydney.

For your Queensland Requirements: Communicate with our Brisbane Office: NELSON & ROBERTSON PTY. LTD., Stanley Street, SOUTH BRISBANE. Cables: “Ivan”, Brisbane.

New Guinea Representatives: RABAUL HOTEL & TRADING CO. LTD., Park Street, RABAUL. Cables; “Ivan”, Rabaul.

Bn 230 miles of roads built in 3 Highlands—from Mt. Hagen in 3 west, to Gusap in the east —the ly connection with the coast is 11 by air to either Lae or Madang. ■loads to link Madang and Lae :h Gusap, and thus with the rest the Western and Eastern Highids, are planned, and at places * underway. But the task of dging the hundreds of rivers and ieks that will be encountered is Ddigious, so it will probably be ne years yet before air transport superseded entirely.

Driginally, the whole Highlands la was called the Central Highids: more recently it has been ided into the Eastern Highlands, t h District Headquarters at roka; and the Western Highids, with Headquarters at Mt. gen. Both these areas are now mtrolled areas.”

Adjoining them to the South, and oily within the Territory of pua, is the Southern Highlands ;h headquarters at Mendi. This an uncontrolled area, civilisation ng restricted to a few miles >und the patrol-posts, where ministration personnel and a few ssionaries live.

Dotted all along the valleys that ke up the Western and Eastern are air-strips—a few of im capable of taking DC3 air- .ft; the rest restricted to small craft. There are airstrips also Mendi and Tari in the Southern ?hlands, which depends on air nsport for all supplies—no roads d to this district from East or 3st Highlands, or from the Papuan ast although patrols have been •ough.

Vpart from air transport, the stern and Western Highlands are w linked by the road which was lit entirely by hand labour suped by the local natives equipped ;h nothing but shovels, picks and Tying baskets. Bridges—some of im hair-raising in their simplicity vere built by local contractors for fraction of the price quoted by blic Works Department. One day October, 1953, Mick and Jim ahy and Jim Taylor made the >t journey in a jeep, from Goroka Mt. Hagen in a day—a journey it had taken Mick and another >ther, and Taylor months to iomplish in 1933. mid-way along the road — I miles from Gusap, and 130 miles m Mt, Hagen, is Goroka, the only m in the three Highlands dis- :ts. European tea and coffee .ntations and farms of various aensions exist both eastward and stward of Goroka—but Goroka is Highlands metropolis, risen from ! green grassy plains in less years in you can count on one hand, t has a European population of iween 400 and 500; European res and a freezer and native de stores: a hotel—which is the :cca of every lowland inhabitant o wants a few weeks cooling off the Highlands: a swimming pool and paddling pool; an airport (of course) and a £30,000 hangar; a European school; a corn-mill; a processing plant (the passionfruit are grown by local natives, and the pulp 15 alr " freighted to Lae and sent as refrigerated cargo to Australia); and a club and any number of new bungalows.

On the heights above, is a sawmill—for one thing that these wonder-valleys have not got is timber close-by. The valleys are oPfafuarinas-but “o rell® timber.

This imposes a domestic problem because firewood is all but totally absent. Before Europeans came, these grassy valleys were the traditional “fighting lands.” The natives themselves lived higher up the mountains.

The tree-denuded valleys and foothills have been the scene of a vigorous tree-planting campaign in the last two or three years. Millions of see dling pines—Klinki and Hoop pine from Bulolo—have been distributed to the natives at the beginning of the wet season, and planted. In years to come it is hoped that the Highlands will be a land of pine as well as of casuarina groves. ° ut alon « the roads are the f ” ms °f t^le European settlers. Here they are growing coffee and corn, Euiopean vegetables and flowers. The coffee is for the Australian market; the vegetables and flowers find a 19 ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

ready sale when air-freighted out to the coast.

The natives, too, have been encouraged by agricultural extension officers stationed locally, to grow coffee, passionfruit and vegetables.

European potatoes, peas and other vegetables that do not grow on the coast flourish in the Highlands—as do gladiolas, roses, strawberries and other temperate zone oddities.

Men who were famous in the days of Wau and Edie Creek have forsaken goldmining to grow cabbages and coffee and corn in the wide, blue-mountain-rimmed valleys that stretch, between Kainantu and Hagen, at between 5,000 and 6,000 feet. Someone has described the climate as “rainy-springtime.” The annual rainfall is around 80 inches —the driest months corresponding to the Southern winter. Days are warm; nights can be chilly and it is always comfortable to sleep under blankets and perhaps an eiderdown-quilt. Log fires can be a cheering sight at night.

European cattle do well, although certain supplements to the indigenous grasses are usually believed necessary. Pigs flourish and sheep do well enough if maintained in small flocks. In spite of the largescale introduction of Romney Marsh sheep at the Hallstrom Trust Experimental Station at Nondugl, in the Wahgi valley, it has yet to be proved that this is good sheep country.

As the natives come more and more into contact with the European settlers it is inevitable that they should be influenced in custom and dress. One sees, now, the laplap and cropped hair on some of the men; occasionally an unbeautiful “mother-hubbard” on a woman. But the majority of the Highlanders still live in much the same style as before they were discovered; the greatest difference in their lives comes from the prohibition on tribal fighting. The greatest social experiment was the decision to permit Highlanders to go to the lowlands of the Territory to work.

The first Highland labour to go down to the coast came from around Chimbu, an area of great population density. Thereafter, all Highlanders working on the coast became known as “Chimbus” whether they came from there or not.

They go for a maximum period of 18 months and under rigorous health safeguards. Working on the modern theory that malaria is an entirely preventable disease, people employing Highlands labour are responsible for seeing that these people do not contract it. Before they leave the Highlands, they are TB tested and inoculated and on their return they spend some weeks in quarantine before they are pen mitted to return to their homes f Progress in the Highlands ha£ been speedy in the last five years - For the 20 years before that it wat slow—very, very slow. Two facton were responsible—the murders o: three Europeans in 1934; and thi Pacific war. Now, let us see something of the Highlands when the* first stirred from their stone-age slumbers. ♦ ❖ * WHEN Captain Hermann Detzneu of the German administrative service in New Guinea, firss heard of the outbreak of war ir 1914 he immediately took to thu bush. At the time he was at Mtt Joseph, in what is now the Morobfi district, and not far from thu Papuan border.

For four years thereafter, ho strove unsuccessfully to bre a H through to neutral territory—Dutch New Guinea. And in the course; of his wanderings, he traversed the great central plateaus and rich valleys of New Guinea as far west as Mt. Hagen.

After the war he wrote a book: in German, about his wanderings {Vier Yahre unter Kannibalen-y- Four Years Among Cannibals).

It was never translated into Eng* lish, so few knew of his discoveriel and those who did, discounted then!

He has never been given adequate This colour block, of portion of the Goroka-Gusap road, was kindly loaned to us by Joan and Gordom Carter, of Papuan Prints, Port Moresby. It appeared in their book, “Highland Frontier". 20 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

[lit for them, but it is obvious m iiis book that he accurately cribed the Purari-Ramu-Mt. jen area and that he penetrated at least 15 years before the hys. [e stated in his book how he ed some day to be able to prove t the headwaters of the Purari e in New Guinea, and not in pa as the British maps showed; that “instead of uninhabitable intain wildernesses, there was a agricultural district of wide, i valleys inhabited by tribes of litic type.” aptain Detzner never did realise hope, but others, years afterds, proved that what he had ten was correct. l 1926-27, from the Papuan side, rles Karms and Ivan Champion le an abortive attempt to cross ua-New Guinea from the Fly :r to the Sepik River. In 1927-28 tried again, and this time suced. This was purely a prestige ol —as Sir Hubert Murray, then t.-Governor of Papua, said: it to be done some day and it unthinkable that men other i from the Papuan service would t. the course of this marathon they discovered that the Fly Sepik rose within a few miles ach other and on their way ugh New Guinea they reached fomin, plateau country at an ide slightly under 5,000 feet, h is the logical extension of the •al plateau country west of Mt. in. This country is not, to-day, ded in the Highlands districts idministrative purposes (or the that is published with this le), but is administered from ak in the Sepik District. 1935, the Jack Hides-J. O’Malley >1 penetrated part of what is the Southern Highlands Dis- Again this was a Papua flaging patrol and Hides described i his book, which he called an Wonderland. this patrol, apart from the areas of population which they 1 in the Tari and elsewhere, discovered the source of the ri River which flowed for reds of miles to discharge into julf of Papua, a preface to this book, Sir rt Murray wrote: “The country rsed is too far from the coast too difficult of access to admit agricultural development by jeans. . . it must remain unoped.” aerally, Sir Hubert is still right, t is anyone’s guess how long dll continue to be so. Headers for the new Southern High- District were set up at Mendi 50—15 years after Hides first through with his tiny patrol, ib-station was established at some time later. The natives jnmitive and still engage in wars. was here in this district, near that Mr. John Zehnder found the so-c ailed “Hidden Valley” in May, 1954.

This event, and the aerial survey that was made by the Director oi Civil Aviation, P-NG, and the Director of District Services shortly afterwards caused a world - wide sensation. The valley was dubbed Shangri- La, the Hidden Valley and other fanciful titles; newspaper correspondents clamcured to be allowed to go in to write the first reports for outsi d e consumption: movingpicture companies wanted to fly in (although there was no aerodrome) and take movies for a sensationhungry world.

Zehnder, 28, a geologist with the Australasian Petroleum Company, entered the valley while on a four-months patrol of the Tari and Strick- -1 a n d area.

Zehnder started off with another geologist, a field assistant, a large party of native police and carriers, and accompanied by A d m i nistration Assistant Di s trict Officer Clancy.

During the trip, Zehnder, a handful of native police and carriers, went off to have a look at the Muller Range area and later returned to the main party after having stumbled into the hidden valley, which, Zehnder revealed, the natives named Lavina.

This was just before the combined DCA and District Services survey flew into the valley and reported its existence.

The report of the air survey was released before Zehnder returned to civilisation, and while newspapers and movie-makers were screaming to be allowed to go to the valley, Zehnder returned and announced that he had been in and had seen all for himself. He denied that the natives were 6 feet 8 inches tall; or that there were 100,000 of them in the valley. He said the number was likely to be 3,000 and that the people were like the neighbouring Tari people—they wore hair wigs, decorated wffh purple and yellow flowers and had contact with the areas outside the valley through a mountain pass 7,000 feet above sea level.

Although the discovery of the valley was a sensation to the outside world, as far as the P-NG Administration is concerned, it is just one of many so-far-uncontacted pockets of native population tucked away in the valleys and over the mountain passes of the great inland region. The white man’s concept of government and justice will be brought to these people sooner or later.

These foregoing patrols and contacts with the Highlands were, in effect, isolated incidents. It was the Leahy brothers, Mick and Dan, and James Taylor, an Administration This magnificent fellow is a Waghi Valley Tul-Tul (Administration-appointed headman) dressed in his best. Besides his head-dress of Bird-of-Paradise plumes, he has eight pieces of shell plus a King of Saxony plume in his nose. He has two pieces of shell suspended around his neck; on his forehead can be seen the round medal-like object that is his badge of office. Photo by the Rev. Michael E. Bodnar, SVD , of Goroka, NG, to whom goes an award of £5. (Kodachrome). 21 1 F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Contact us for a quotation leer, who made the Highlands a ictical proposition. 1 1930, Mick Leahy, with his partner, Mick Dwyer, looking for another Edie Creek, set off up Markham from Lae and over divide into the Ramu. They n crossed the mountains to the Lthwards and started down the srs, following elusive colours of d. Finally, they bought canoes from none-too-friendly natives and followed a large river down, eventually to emerge, after weeks, at Port Romilly, on the Gulf of Papua. If you look at a good modern map of Papua and New Guinea you will see what an amazing journey this was —two men, a few scared lowlands natives, left entirely to their own resources amongst the tangled mountains, hostile natives, and swiftly flowing streams of the New Guinea inland.

Their journey proved what Detzner already knew —that the Purari rose in New Guinea and not in Papua as had been supposed. At the time the two men were more impressed by the fact that in the territory they had covered there was no second Edie Creek.

In 1931, the two Micks crossed into the high country from Lae again, but this time they pushed west, not south, and they came to the Bena Bena River, a point close to the Asaro Valley in which Goroka is now established. Because the Bena Bena River seemed possible as a dredging proposition, Leahy went back there in 1933 and it is from that point that the exploration of Eastern and Western Highlands, as we know them to-day, began.

It is easier to visualise it if we think of the Highlands as a series of wide valleys, separated one from the other by mountain barriers.

You pass over a divide at Bena Bena into the Asaro where Goroka is the centre. Then over the Chimbu divide into the long valley of the Wahgi, at the western end of which, in a sort of side corridor and separated only by low ridges, is Mt. Hagen station, backed by the gigantic 12,500 feet of Mt. Hagen itself; and leading off from there, north-west, is the valley system of the Baiyer River which, in turn, leads into the Jimmi River valley.

In each valley the people differ in customs, dress and manner, although all are agriculturists and some are artistic landscape gardeners. Some live in villages—as those (Continued on Page 98) The dark area on the map of Papua- New Guinea mainlan d represents the combined area of the Eastern, Western and Southern Highlands Dis tricts. 23 C I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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IHE islands of Tonga constitute the Pacific’s only remaining Kingdom. The Queen, Salote ipou, has the style internationally cognised, of Majesty, rhe Kingdom of Tonga was ited by Queen Salote’s greatsat-grandfather who, when he remnised his country after Britain s nstitutional monarchy in 1845, 5k the title King George I. He is born in 1797 and died in 1893 d thereupon was succeeded by his and-son, George Tupou 11, the ther of the present Queen.

Although Tonga is patterned ter the monarchy of Great itain the Kingdom is perps the least influenced by Euroan ways. The Tongans have .opted those things from the estern world that they required, d for the rest carry on in their tl fashion. Under a treaty signed 1900, Britain undertook to pro- :t the Kingdom. 3ueen Salote was educated in ickland—where she still spends rt of every year; and her sons re educated at Methodist schools d Universities in Australia. [n 1953, Queen Salote was a guest the Coronation of Queen Elizath II and the warm reception corded her by Britishers has now come a part of history. [n 1947, Queen Salote’s two sons, ince Tugi and Prince Tuipelehake, a double wedding ceremony arri e d, respectively, Halaevalu ataaho and Melenaite Tupou- Dheofo. Both couples now have ildren to carry on the Royal line, [n December, 1953, Queen Elizath of England and hen consort e Duke of Edinburgh, visited mga in the course of a world ir. Queen Salote personally spent my months preparing for her >yal visitors and this section of e Royal tour was judged one of e most pleasant.

Above: The incident that endeared Queen Salote to London crowds —riding in the rain in an open carriage during the Coronation procession of Queen Elizabeth II. Right; Queen Salote's own Coronation, on October 11, 1918.

The Queen was then 18.

Behind her stands her consort. Prince Tugi whom she had married in 1917. Below: The occasion of the double wedding of her sons, Prince Tugi and Prince Tuipelehake, at Nukualofa, on June 10, 1947. 25 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

The Air-Minded Pacific

Diminishing Distance In

From Southern Cross to Super Constellation AQUARTER-C ENT U R Y has brought a transportation revolution to the Islands world. No longer can the South Seas be regarded as a dreamy backwater where time is regulated to the slow movement of the Islands schooner.

The impractical find something to regret in this—but the Islands resident is definite on the subject.

He likes to be within easy reach of an international airline that can, when it is necessary, have him in civilisation in a matter of hours. He has no desire to turn back the clock.

Twenty-five years ago, aeroplanes were still more akin to the boxkite than to the streamlined giants that now ply the skyways at over 300 miles per hour. But the real start of the Pacific air age was a few years before the first PIM appeared—about 1927.

In July, that year, Charles Kingsford Smith and Charles Ulm left Australia for America with what most people regarded as the crazy idea that the Pacific could be flown from America to Australia. A few months before this, a plane had made its first flight in New Guinea —from Lae on the coast, to Wau, about 40 miles inland.

The two events were quite unrelated but they were the beginning of aviation in the South Seas.

Kingsford Smith and Ulm spent 10 months in the United States preparing for their trans-Paciflc flight PHOTOGRAPHS: Heading photograph is of one of Qantas' Super-Constellations that fly the trans-Paciflc route. At left: The "Southern Cross" after landing at Albert Park, Suva, in 1928. 26 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

d in overcoming enormous difulties, financial and otherwise. rheir knowledge of over-ocean 'ht was rudimentary. The i r bwledge of navigation was ml, d after they had attempted unjcessfully to acquire it in a few eks, they abandoned the attempt d engaged an American navigator Harry Lyon. Radio early appeared them as essential equipment for - flight, and for this department ay obtained the services of anler American, James Warner.

Driginally their idea was to use single -engined plane, but the ;astrous Dole air race from San ancisco that was flown a few ys after their arrival in the US, avinced them that one engine ve them too small a margin of fety in long ocean flights. \fter cancelling all arrangements • the flight at one stage—when >W Government withdrew its Dport— the venture was finally ide possible by the generosity of American friend, Captain G. an Hancock. 3y May 31, 1928, the “Southern dss,” a Fokker high-wing monome of wood and fabric construcn, powered by three Wright lirlwind engines, was ready, with crew of four, at Oakland Airport, n Francisco, for take-off on the *at adventure. fhe first 2,400 miles’ hop to nolulu, took 27 hours and 25 antes. The plane landed at leeler Field amid scenes of :at enthusiasm but such were the >rodromes” of those days that it s impossible to get “Southern )ss” off from the same place with full load of fuel, so take-off on ; next 3,100-mile hop to Suva i to be from Barking Sands, a ich 14 miles away.

Jp to Honolulu, the “Southern jss” had been following a trail it had already been blazed by a 7 others, but from Honolulu vards, it was new trail-blazing, t only was the distance great— i still is great even with modern nes which usually call at Canton md—but Fiji was a mere pinnt on a map and to reach it the w had to contend with many unknown factors of weather, wind and There were no navigational aids to aircraft then; radio itself was in its infancy, and at the end of over 3 000 miles was the added hazard of a landing on a makeshift air strip « j, On June 3, ‘ Southern Cross shook itself loose from Barking Sands and mto the unknown. A little over 34 horns later, the plane was over Suva, hei crew approaching doubtfully the £ n< ? m g iv l H b ,,iiv P hPPn that had thoughtfully been marked out by Messrs. Clive Joske (Brewster) and Samuel Ellis, and from which the telegraph wires at one corner had been removed, and three large trees cut down.

There was more room in Albert Park then than now—there were no Government Buildings. But then as now, there was a drop of feet from road level to the Park and when Kingsford Smith touched ground he had already used up half of the 400 yards that was available he was &k P **“ . ..

Here in Suva, as at Honolulu, it was o ne thing to land; another to take off. There were three possibilities for take-off—but all makeshift and all a considerable distance from guva F i na n y the beach at Naselai 2 0 miles east of Suva, was chosen and from here the “Southern CrOSS ” finally got off on the final h to Brisbane on the afternoon of p June 8 They arrived in Brisbane on June 9, 21 hours out from N , ; JNasei<u * The flight, United States to Australia, had taken nine days—but only 83 hours in actual flying time, The t rans -p ac ific trail blazers had aC complished their task and the flight passed into history. It was not for an other 12 years that regular commercial flights along the same SO uth-west route were established, Bv th is time both Kingsford Smith J (Continued on page 29) A piano for Wau—Guinea Airways on the job in the early '30s.

Ray Parer pioneered the Lae-Moresby route and is shown here after landing on Ela Beach. 27 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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d Ulm were dead—both lost while iking other pioneering flights. )ld and Airways New Guinea T the early 20’s, fabulous gold was discovered in the Morobe District of New Guinea, at Wau d Edie Creek. Exploitation of the Id had one limiting factor —the ;raordinary difficulties of cominication. which was maintained ely by native carrier along a ite of such incredible roughness it it took a month to go from ; field to the coast for stores and urn with them to Wau.

Virline, Wau to Salamaua, was )und 40 miles—but most of those les were in the perpendicular; the Tiers, moreover, had to run the antlet of hostile natives and had feed themselves on the way, iich meant that they arrived back camp with about 30 pounds of :go out of the 50 pounds maxiim that they were permitted to :ry.

Row to get over the difficulty? ads and railways seemed out of 3 question in that terrain. What aut air transport—then a very ling infant? rhis became the vision of two ;n—one, C. J. Levien, a director Guinea Gold No Liability which (Continued on page 33) PHOTOGRAPHS: Above, the late W. M. Hughes, then Minister for Territories, alighting at Moresby on May 31, 1938, during the inaugural flight of the Sydney-Rabaul air service. Sir Hubert Murray, Lieut.-Governor of Papua (right), welcomed him. Below, top: Canton Is., as it was in 1939 when American workmen were blasting an alighting area in the seven miles long lagoon for PAA flying-boats. Lower: Canton to-day—a staging point for land planes on the trans-Pacific route. PAA clipper, at left. (Photo by Whites Aviation). 29 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Photos from the Past.

THESE photographs have all appeared in PIM in the last 25 years.

At top—How Rabaul looked after the eruption which began with Vulcan on May, 29, 1937, and the next day was taken up by Matupi.

Vulcan was formerly a flat island— the new cone, still smoking, can be seen at right of photograph. Matupi volcano is out of sight around the point of Matupi Island „ left of photograph. Sheets of pumice floated on the harbour; the town was covered with ashes and pumice dust and was evacuated. -At right—the famous raft “Kon Tiki ’ in which Thor Heyerdahl and his five companions drifted from Peru to French Oceania in 102 days l ?nJL 9 nL* The J a f t was considerably d °2 l . R , aroia Reef, Tuamotu Crrowp and is here shown in Papeete after it was towed there by a French Government ship. The six Scandinavians proved that drift voyages between South America and Polynesia were possible. 30 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

In the 30’s, when trans-Pacific ■ services became a practical oposition, hitherto useless islands strategic staging positions took : sudden value. In this race, ■itain and the United States beme friendly rivals. Canton entually became US-British con- *minium; the S annexed Hownd and Baker 1935.

Top photograph b ov e shows dices placed on ull Is. by a ntish warship, his one reads (in art): “This land belongs to is Britannic ajesty Edward 111 and was sited by HMS sigh, August, )36. Signed, O. evir, Captain.” he lower photo- •aph shows Mr. nd Mrs. Tom r anning (now of oniara, BSIP) on hristmas Island, here Mr. Maning was acting d min is trator; wereignty notices iere put up there, Iso.

Top right: In October, 1900, “Queen Makea” of the Cook Is. gave the Group into the keeping of New Zealand (from 1888 it had been under the protection of Britain).

The Queen can be seen on the left; Lord Ranfurly, then Governor of NZ, in the centre, without a hat.

Lower: Of more recent date —the seismic wave that followed an earthquake in Suva on September 14, 1953. It did great damage to the wharf and fore-shore area. Previous quakes at Suva had been light. 31 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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THE ORGANISATION offers congratulations to the "P.1.M." on the completion of 25 years' service to the Pacific Islands and appreciates the fact that "P.1.M." has been able to publicise very efficiently its Marine Diesel Engines and Generating Sets over such a vast area.

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Cables: “Thornmotor" er sold its interests in the Bulolo ts to Placer Development, who ;dged them through the operat- ; company, Bulolo Gold Dredging.

Che other was an airman who i already gained considerable ne when, in company with Intosh, he flew a marathon race ; from England to Darwin in a ,zy old war plane in 1920. His me was Ray Parer.

Both men went into action in •ly 1927. >uinea Gold bought a DH37 me from the Department of iation in Melbourne and hired aest (“Pard”) Mustar, ex-AFC, ■RAAF to fly it. Parer bought old DH4 ex-war machine. In ; next few months it became a uggle between the two flyers to i who would be the first to fly in ? Territory. 3 arer had booked space for his me on the BP ship Melusia, in ril, 1927—but he had financial üble, and by the time this was aightened out, his option on the dusia space had expired, and it d gone to Mustar, who had hilled thereon his DH37 and umphantly sailed away leaving rer lamenting in Sydney, rhere was, at this time, no aerojme in either Papua or New for^fn”^Sdlo h w the plan ° was in Rabaul. „ t Rabaul Mustar went—and used mos t 0 f the three weeks’ lead he jT ad over Parer in buying coconut t from the local natives and having a landing strip made. He also 6 visited Salamaua, and was taken by Levien across the Huon Gulf to where, near the present site of Lae, Levien had had an area of 500 yards by 100 yards cleared of timber. This was to be the coastal “aerodrome” for flying operations into the goldfields.

A few days before Mustar was rea dy to fly to Lae. Parer arrived.

However when he unpacked his DH4, one of the tyres was found to be perished and useless-and he had no spare. This Parer mishap cost him any chance m t race to the goldfields, as he had to wait three weeks for the next ship to bring new tyres.

T he flight from Rabaul to Lae took Mustar five hours (a Qantas DC3 now halves that time) and by mid-April he was ready to try the seemingly impossible—fly over the 8,000 feet coastal range and pmpoint a rough clearing in the middle of unmapped mountains. No detailed maps existed of the area and. to follow the foot trail was impossible as it soon disappeared into jungle. . . ~ The smoky fires that Levien had. promised to have lit were no help in identification either, as every native village over the range appeared to have smoky fires perpetually burning.

BUT the seemingly impossible was finally accomplished on April 18, after Mustar had spent three days of continual back and-forth. flying trying to locate the landing ground. , . __ Immediately he had located Wau the serious business of air-freighting cargo began immediately. Six 100 lb bags of rice were flown in in the first freighting trip—an amount that would have taken 20 boys a fortnight to bring from the coast by the trail. Thereafter, four trips, on each of which the capacity load of 600 lb was carried, were undertaken every day. A few weeks after Mustar, Parer began flying.

But Levien and Mustar were already looking ahead. The old DH37 fabric and wood plane, with its limited carrying capacity, was unsuitable for the tropics and the job it was called upon to do.

Their interest centred on a German Junkers plane of metal, and with a carrying capacity of 1.800 lb, (Continued on page 153) 33 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955 The Air-Minded Pacific (Continued from page 29)

The Last Quarter-Century

HAS SEEN

Depression, Total War And Boom

In South Pacific Industries

The price of copra has been the barometer of Pacific Islands prosperity in the last 25 years although the economy of all Pacific Islands is by no means based on copra.

JN Fiji since 1890, sugar has been far ahead as the most lucrative of that Colony’s exports; from the mid-30 s, gold has been second in importance. In New Guinea, from the early 30’s, gold took the lead, amounting late in that decade to two-thirds total export value This lead was not relinquished until 1948-49. when boom-price copra from plantations recovering from war damage and neglect, sent that commodity ahead.

Such groups as the Cook Islands depend on fruit and pearl shell.

Nonetheless, when copra prices tin ?£S in th e Islands are booms 6 times are ‘‘s-ood .i'* 7 * 1611 copra Dooms, nmes are good. s P° trade in native copra JUS.,* 011 ha s gone on for several man y a trader had the cookm g ovens—before SJou^l n J cc ? Coun t Plantations were established m the Pacific Islands Fiji, cotton-planters who had been completed annihilated by ibnfpH aStroUS . slum P of the 70’s, SLd for“otfon ° n d prevlousl y In New Guinea, the first commercia! plantation was established S mq ™ ?mma (Mrs. Forsayth) tbp lB7 ?* ?- n land she bought from Koknn? at f VOS near Present-day Kokopo for some umbrellas and °° c klng - glasso s. However, labour was a considerable problem in untamed New Britain, and ? was not until the 90’s that much actual planting was accomplished. wSih t w outb reak of the First World War, over 77,700 acres of coconuts had been planted in -German New Guinea In 1860, the German firm of Godeffroy owned 25,000 acres of land in Samoa and their agent there was industriously preparing to plant coconuts and cotton.

It was during this period, and up until the end of the First War, that coconuts acquired their reputation as money-spinners. “Consols of the East”, they were called.

Another unwise saw was to the effect that if you took care of a coconut for the first seven years of its life, it would take care of vou for the rest of yours.

Certainly, copra had its ups and downs during that period but no real disaster struck until the Depression of the 1930’5.

Towards the end of the First War, copra reached a record high price which, in terms of real money has not yet been passed.

After the First War, the New Zealand Government took over former German plantations in Samoa (Reparation Estates); and German plantations in New Guinea were acquired by the Expropriation Board and later disposed of by them to returned World War I servicemen.

Copra prices in the 20’s remained profitable and planters were prosperous. There was some extension of pre-war plantings.

The Wall Street debacle that triggered the world Depression occurred in 1929, but it was several years before the real effect was felt in the Pacific planting world; unfortunately it then became a prolonged agony lasting years.

A glance at the graph will show that copra did not reach bedrock until 1934, when on several occasions it was under £8 cif London. The plight of planters at this period was dire indeed.

This was a period, too, when an incredible number of experiments were undertaken by governments m a vain attempt to get out of their financial troubles.

Britain went off the goldstandard: America buried gold in the ground. Ferocious import taxes were clapped on overnight; some currencies were devalued. Producer countries dropped export tax m New Guinea a moratorium temporarily suspended payment o principal and interest for purchaser of Expro. Board plantations.

But nothing seemed to help th copra industry to regain its feel Many many articles were writtei suggesting “alternative crop s’copra was suggested as a pig food and Is coconut oil any good as s motor-fuel?” pim asked at om time. At another it was suggestec it might be used as a moto] lubricant.

Whale oil, biggest rival o coconut oil. was over-produced- s< was soya bean oil, peanut oil anc every other vegetable oil. Bui over and above all this, there wai another factor. “The monstrous Unilever combine,” FIM called it in January, 1933.

To assist Empire copra producers the British government had a few months previously imposed a 10 per cent, import tax on foreign copra. Unilever was little concerned about that—it bought copra where it liked and processed it in Continental mills.

“Unilever can snap its fingers at the British Government, copra growers and everyone else”, we said in 1933, “It is well-known that when this monstrous, soul-less combine was formed it closed scores of British crushing mills in order that, for its own profitmaking purposes, it might send its copra to the various Continental mills which it controls. Previously a large proportion of Empire copra went to the British mills . . , the only way this thing can be controlled is by inter-governmental action, and that is not likely before the ruin of the coconut planting industry . .

Fighting words, certainly; but Unilever continued to sit on top of 34 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

e copra industry, wielding the I stick until global war completely slocated world trade.

IROM bedrock in 1934, prices rose in the middle thirties as Europe prepared for war, only slump sharply again just prior and during the period of the ihoney war”, 1939-40. At the id of 1941 came Pearl Harbour id in the next few months proictiop from Indonesia, Malaya, lilippines, New Guinea, the ilomons and numerous other lands groups was lost to the ’estern allies.

Those Pacific planters who were ft on the right side of enemy les were able to enjoy increased ■ices and a sure market for all icy could produce.

After the war, a hungry alnourished Europe and Asia sre desperate for edible oils and •ices rose. In 1949 British luntries in the South Pacific itered a 9 years Copra Agreement ith the United Kingdom Governent, under which all copra irplus to local requirements was i be purchased by the UK Ministry : Food at a guaranteed price to ; negotiated at the end of each ;ar. Under the terms of the greement, the price could not rise • fall by more than 10 per cent, i any one year.

From 1949 to 1954, prices went up steadily. In 1955. for the first time, there was a fall of about 7 per cent.

In the last two years the MOF has had somewhat the worst of the bargain, when copra world-price has been averaging under that paid by the MOF. But in the early years of the Agreement, the MOF was buying Pacific copra for as much as £3O per ton below world parity. At the time, this caused some discontent among copra producers who, in some Territories, had had little voice in their Administration’s decision to participate in the scheme.

However, looked at as the 9-years term draws to a close (the Agreement expires at the end of 1957), most planters acknowledge that since 1949 there has been a measure of stabilisation and security in the industry never previously experienced.

Many are already expressing a desire that a Pacific organisation at Governmental level should be set up to step into the breach when the Agreement expires. Pacific planters who went through the 30’s have no delusions as to the individual’s strength when pitted against that of the giant combine.

Unilever is still in existence, its strength in no way dissipated by the war or its aftermath. There is no reason to suppose that if there is no organisation to take the place of the MOF Agreement, it will not again be in a position to decide, for its own purposes, the ceiling price of copra.

Where Gold Saved the Day GOLD has been the X-factor in Pacific Islands economy, turning up providentially when most needed to bolster wavering economies. Fiji and New Guinea were the two territories to benefit most in the 20’s and 30’s.

Papua had her gold rushes at * a much earlier period; and the British Solomon Islands may only now be coming into their own as a gold producer.

None of the other Pacific islands has had a worthwhile gold industry.

The first discovery of payable gold in Papua was made on Misima Island in 1888. Between then and 1909. there were nine goldfields proclaimed and between them they produced about £2,000,000 worth of gold.

By the outbreak of World War 11. there was little mining activity in Papua except on Misima where Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine was paying good dividends. This and other smaller goldmines were rehabilitated after the war. but later were forced to close.

Like everything else, cost of working gold had risen sharply during post-war inflation.

The discovery of gold at Wau and Edie Creek in New Guinea was the result of the Australian prospectors’ rugged persistence: even when New Guinea was German Territorv they had cast envious eyes in that direction and had done sufficient illegal border-hopping to (Continued on page 40) [?]OPRA: A graph which shows at a glance, the course of copra prices in the last 25 years. Prices are in [?]tg except during the Pacific war years when they are quoted in Aust. Since 1949, the MOF Agreement price is the one used in the graph. 35 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

More Pictures From The Past

Nauru was occupied by the Japanese during the Pacific war and was the scene of much tragedy. But active war had come to the island before that: On December 27, 1940, German raiders shelled and damaged the phosphate storage and cantilever. Earlier in December they had sunk five vessels (“Triaster,”

“Triadic.” “Triona,” “Komata” and “Vinni) out of seven which were waiting for weather to abate so they could load. Photo shows results of December 27 raid.

Below: In mid-1952, a Fijian Rugby Union football team visited NSW for the first time for a short tour and quickly became the idols of the Australian sporting community. This is Aporosa Mudu in action.

Recently, when the Suva City Council decided that all barbering in the city must be done in registered shops (not on the roadside) the Governor (who had his hair cut at Government House) was judged not to “come within the meaning of the Act” Sir Ronald' Garvey has, of course, had less comfortable haircuts', than he enjoys at present—and the picture, above, ■. shows one of them. The photo was taken by the j PlM’s editor when he and Sir Ronald (who was then Acting RC, Gilbert and Ellice Is. Colony) travelled together in 1941 around the Line Islands. The barber in this case was also the ship’s radio officer. Sir Ronald had to hang on or be flung off. 36 JULY, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

The Garrick Hotel

Suva, Fiji

1 i! lillll ft« * This well-known Hotel is centrally situated in Suva’s main business quarter Modern accommodation provides comfort in all climatic conditions Only the best of Beers, Spirits and Wines is served.

Telephone: 80. VINCE COSTELLO, Proprietor. :obson, Noumea (New Caledonian ’1).

MISCELLANEOUS; K. E. Robin- 1, Rabaul (Flower Studies). r or the cover picture we required nething with a distinct South Sea mds flavour —which, in general, ant coconuts, surf on the reef, tive houses. The one chosen fils all these requirements. For ; other pictures which we have troduced in this issue, we had no ‘conceived ideas: We chose those ich pleased us. We hope that jy will please you, too.

We should have liked to have id at least three times as many our-pictures as we have done, t the cost of colour blocks articularly from transparencies) is Dhibitive. However, we have kept careful list of every entry and Duld PIM again blossom into lour, we will apply to those of u who submitted entries that ted highly.

Finally, we should like to thank ery entrant, successful or unccessful. Your enthusiastic reonse to our appeal for colour msparencies gave us a wide oice of material and has enabled to put real South Pacific colour to this, our Quarter-Century issue.

All transparencies submitted are iw on their way back to their reective owners.

The engagement of Mr. Bruce ;ek, of Adelaide, and Miss Norma icker, of Vermont, Victoria, both Lth the British Phosphate Comission at Ocean Island, has been inounced. They plan to be married Melbourne in December and to turn to Ocean Island early in 1956.

Port Moresby, 50 Years

AGO Present residents of Port Moresby will find it hard to recognise their attractive and growing town in these photographs taken in 1900. At the left is Burns Philp and Company’s premises. And below, the post-office and treasury building. In the foreground appears to be a tram-line of some sort —presumably running down to the wharf. PIM first published these old pictures in August, 1937, when we noted that all these old buildings had gone. 37 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955 tolour-Photo Competition (Continued from page 9)

utif^ads Si ‘ Ua ‘ed P ? ciS c L.-? r hy°°too e *itoi6- °f Py.v **°tel is & ** s °ciaj IJi. t Spe ciali v ';S'V« Cu S Uv Z’s ? ra *d Ce ut re . 1 erv . l rr ei j cy) the atl zrilT Kay °% e Per be sr°*Jg$ r °*Jgh tl ° ns Stean? Q e> atJ y 'td. Jhip ”'"c e Q f- eff e to ’ Or r c °o7n a „ rrf.tetf ■G> 4e/ d^ 3 of $'o 0 opac 'V’ hc a Ppli c £: fre Ss .

Suv. c a 6 °f. *£“ 4^'W the Pacific Islands, and what that horror of a second World War while the Western nations still needed copra, sugar, cocoa, gold, and so forth, all the countries which produced those things still were able to produce, and the market was over-supplied.

Shrinking, also, was the manufacturers’ and traders’ capacity to sell to Islanders. Economically, we of the South Pacific were more and mo i’ e I_ei?lbarrasS6d 1 _ ei ?l barrasS6d - We were half in and half out of the war.

Japanese Invasion

k Within a few days, we of the South bv C fhe ?an fl e n«p de ° P6n to - invasion lippSw HSSs to the four £« cSAS tr «“ y f ased - ' hnv d <^^i Ser^ no longer wanted to • , ery one of my young wl?rt St S n ?~ mclu ? mg Selw y n Hughes ™° Pad corae to me years before w n n° ce b ° y > and was now my W? lieutenant—was called to war 1942 ’ as if 1 ™ old up tbe PIM > n °t wanted any more- . But I thought I might still give servipe, by telling the Pacific Islanders about their angle on the war and about what was happening to their thousands of men and women who For some reason that I never understood—but valued" none the ■}«?: S&SSgiE now were available, so sought a woman assistant. I di<? covered in Melbourne a former Ner Guinea woman, with literary talenij Krnm JUdy Tudor - I induced her tc fe 1 ® my assistant, in Sydney That was one of my happiest diss (To-day, she is Assistan Editor, frequently visits the Groupc Sfe Wr P ter and Photographer, anu acts when required as Editor) So we survived the war. But wr had some lively problems Because we had Islands circular affiiHm £ n K yed the un >'emittin 8 attention of the censors. Actually ' was my own strictest censor—noth jf? B a^ Vei got past me which woulo m any way aid the enemy. Bu y Sw? Uam People with a censor’s authority occasionally saw things ahnn7/h 6 ' 1 CoUld Write a book about the occasions when they made us delete quite harmless things. Soi on a number of occasions, just for my own satisfaction, I would put into type things which would have be fn of great help to the enemr get the censor’s approval stamp on out l P1 S?n S ’ h nd th PP throw them proofs Stlll have those stamped JJ Pwific Islands Monthly now w as in limited demand, that could! not be said of the Pacific Islands i Year Book. Every military and civil organisation with wartime jobs im the Islands wanted this Island^ fn Cy^ lopaed !f ’ and we tried to meet the demand. But there just was, not enough paper available then to 38 JULY, 1955-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY *A/Hy and How 1 established the PIAA (Continued from page 4)

Fov those who prefer A Better Rmt feate f^cendecC RUM

Mcilrath'S Pty. Ltd., Of Sydney, Suppliers

For Over 30 Years Of Dependable Groceries

And Other Goods Throughout The Pacific

Islands, Congratulate The Management

And Staff Of The "Pacific Islands Monthly"

ON 25 YEARS OF CONTINUOUS PUBLICATION.

Inserted by: McILRATH'S PTY. LTD., 202 Pitt Street, Sydney, Cables: N.S.W., Australia. “rotunda”, Sydney. the printing. I was compelled to 1 the overseas copyright to a sat American house; it was rated” before the American publers got out their edition; and ; wartime sale of the Year Book, ich might have returned a little tune, provided a most modest )fit. ‘‘San Fairy Ann, ’ as the diers said.

Ie Great Inflation

n 1945, with war past, and men urning to their jobs, our business ike tens of thousands of others— mn to return to normal. All med merry and bright. And then re troubles came thick upon us.

Vestern civilisation had partly anced the war by issuing jmissory notes on the future. In ler words, it had trebled the iknotes issue by merely printing 1 issuing notes, without backing gold and goods. Naturally, the ue of money decreased by twords. People still profess to be azed and doleful over Inflation, tually, it is the plainest and iplest proof of the soundness of ; economic law that you cannot ie banknotes without backing i expect them to hold their ninal value. )ur business —the PIM, and six ier monthly journals, and various riodi c a 1 s passed the 1939 ndards, and grew rapidly. It ;ded much new capital. But as t as we got additional funds, lation ran the value out of them, i chased our tail, in ever-widencircles ifter three or four years, Inflation wed down, and we caught up ,h ourselves. r inally, in the course of arranging • financial structure, Pacific blications Pty. Ltd.—the modest le company I formed 25 years ago hold PIM and Year Book—purised outright the Sydney & Melanie Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd., ;h its land, buildings, plant and blications; and thus we settled vn to our present condition.

Jd The “Cold War ”

With this backing, we hope to e many more years of service to 3 communities of the South cific Islands. We have the means, d the times present the opporlity. [f they are allowed, Australia, w Zealand and the South Pacific ands have a future comparable th the West’s achievement in irth America in the last hundred ars.

But the ’Fifties, like the ’Thirties, 3 uneasy times. Just as the sakdown of the League of Nations owed the Nazi-Fascist Axis to row the world into World War 11, e failure of the Western Powers the late ’Forties either to shackle destroy Muscovite Communism 3ms to be driving civilisation into orld War 111.

Western statesmen now are strivl with all they have to find a lution short of the use of atomic weapons. We fear they may be ten years too late. Meantime, we can but wait and hope—and, maybe, pray.

Letter to the Editor Congratulations From An Old Advertiser FOR over 35 years the Vincent Chemical Company Pty. Limited has marketed Vincent’s APC headache powders and tablets, and the greatest part of this period has included distribution in the Pacific Islands.

To assist in the advertising of their product through this widely scattered area, Vincent’s have always supplemented their choice of media with advertising in the Pacific Islands Monthly.

The reliability of a genuine product and the advertising which has supported each new venture to extend world markets has resulted in the growing popularity of Vincent’s APC Powders and Tablets.

Therefore we take this opportunity of extending to the publication our congratulations, together with a wish that it will continue to give the same high standard of service which has been obvious over the last 25 years.

I am, etc., KEITH C. PROBERT, Sydney.

Director. 39 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

( of i cjra tu fa lion A . . ,

To "Pacific Islands Monthly"

On 25 Years Of Splendid

SERVICE ☆ May we su SS est that when you require books, you should avail yourself of the service we can offer . Our stocks are unrivalled and our mailing department is specifically designed for your convenience.

GRAHAME BOOK COMPANY PTY. LTD. 39-49 MARTIN PLACE, SYDNEY have an adequate idea where to head when Australia took over that territory. (A few Australian prospectors had been allowed on the Waria River by the Germans), The most-persistent borderhoppers were Matt Crowe, Arthur Darling and W. (Sharkeye) Park who were continually investigating the Morobe ranges before 1914 and being chased out again by the Germans. Darling is believed to have found Koranga Creek (near Wau) during this period: Sharkeye Park located it again at the end of 1921, and the Morobe Goldfield was born.

The fantastically rich find at Edie Creek (altitude 6,500 ft) was made in February, 1926 by W. G.

Royal and R. M. Glasson. The development of the Morobe Goldfield and the leases of the Bulolo Gold Dredging Company a few miles further down the Bulolo Valley, was completely interwoven with the establishment of air transport services from the coast to the goldfields. A full account of this appears in the special article, “The Air-Minded Pacific”, elsewhere in this issue.

The first dredge at Bulolo began work in early 1932 and by 1941 seven others were also operating.

BGD was, however, by no means the only big company operating in the area. New Guinea Goldfields, formed in 1929, began to acquire most of the available leases in the Upper Bulolo, Koranga Creek and Edie Creek. By 1935 this company had its issued capital at £4,500,000, but although undertaking valuable pioneering and development work did not recover gold in sufficient quantities to pay a worth-while dividend on this capital. Early in 1935 it wrote down its capital by 75 per cent. It is, of course, still carrying on operations near Wau.

In this period scores of mining companies sprang up in New Guinea; many of them disappeared during the war. Guinea Gold, Enterprise, Koranga Sandy Creek, Sunshine are some that are still in existence.

In addition there were on Morobe scores of individual miners who later in the thirties, turned their attention to other fields—the Sepik, the Ramu and the Aitape-Wewak hinterland.

Gold began to add substantially to New Guinea’s export income from 1927, and in 1940 accounted for £3,021,731. At the outbreak of the Pacific war, a scorched-earth policy was rigorously applied in Wau and Bulolo, with the result that when production began after the war, whole towns had to be ex P ensi ve mining equipment, hydro-electric schemes etc. replaced entirely.

Costs had risen and only the vived su^s^an^ companies sur- BGD and NGG are still the biggest operators on the held—bul Bulolo has only 3 dredges now operating, and calculates that the * a ®,k I dredge will close down in 1959 ~T hls company has joined with the Commonwealth Government m a £2 million company to exploit th e magnificent forests of Klinki and Hoop pine around the Bulolo area and in the setting up of a plywood factory that manufactures a superior product, mostly for the American market.

New Guinea Goldfields also are interested in timber as well as in their several gold mining properties.

The individual miner and prospector has become almost as (Continued on page 51) 40 1 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY Depression, Total War and Boom in S. Pacific Industries (Continued from page 35)

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The Changing Islanders

\ Review By R. W. Robson

Factors which have modified native life in a quarter of a century.

SOCIOLOGICAL change among the indigenous peoples of the South Pacific Islands during the last 25 years has been considerable and significant: and is closely related to political and economic developments.

The most important of these, of course, was the Pacific War of 1941-1945. But there were other events and developments which affected all three communities — European, Asian and native —and if we take these in their chronological order we are given a fairly accurate picture of what happened to the resident peoples in this quartercemury.

The Great Depression Because the swing of the economic pendulum, following World War I, was not kept under international control, the boom times of the ’Twenties were followed by the calamitous D e pression of the early ’Thirties.

In the ’Twenties, the Islands enjoyed huge revenues from copra and most other products, and trade was extremely buoyant.

When the crash came, in 1929-30, copra fell to an all-time low, and a semi-paralysis of trade occurred throughout the South Pacific.

This did not affect the natives much in their livin g conditions — those who had been attached to the European economy simply returned to the native Islanders’ way of life. But Europeans and Asians were desperately hard up for years; there was no surplus money for native education and health: and little advance was made in native sociology.

Depress! on’s effect, however, was cushioned in the South Pacific’s two most important Territories-!

New Guinea and Fiji—by the development of valuable gold ini dustries. Although a valuable product like copra was at starvation prices, the world’s cock-eyedi economy was clamorous for gold— which promptly was drained away to America and buried in a hole in the ground (Fort Knox) !

Unhealthy Recovery All Pacific Territories began to enjoy better conditions in the mid- 'Thirties, but that economic re-| covery had no healthy basis. It was the result of a demand created by world re-armament this, in its turn, following the appearance of Mussolini and Hitler, and thej formation of the Rome-Berlinl Tokio Axis.

Prices of copra, rubber, coffee, cocoa improved throughout the Islands and trade recovered steadily.

There was increasing money for services to improve native living standards.

In those few years, native life in Polynesia and Micronesia came perceptibly closer to European waysJ In the more primitive Melanesia— especially New Guinea and the Solomons —more and more people made their first contact with Europeans, and tens of thousands were officially “brought under control.” i This was a time of great missionary activity. The “Christianising” influence, exercised from early in the 19th century, was the most definite and consistent factor in bringing the natives along to European standards of life.

It was in this period—the ’Thirties —that Australia discovered she had a magnificent new Territory (the New Guinea Highlands—then described as “a second Kenya”) in her charge;; and that in those great valley systems were hundreds of thousands of natives of a good type, who never had seen a white man. Here was a new task for administrators and missionaries.

There was increasing development and sociological progress, especially in the Southwest Pacific.

But over it all was the uneasy con-j This study of a Fijian girl—it was photographed during the visit of Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh to Suva—was submitted by Mr. F. E. Dunn, of Noumea. It wins a £5 award. (Film unspecified). 42 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

iousness of the growing menace Japan. Japanese traders, minejrkers, shell-poachers, undefined mderers, were all over the South icific Islands.

The outbreak of World War II PHOTOGRAPHS: AT right— orvi ovsr the Reef. This is an usual study, submitted by Mrs.

F. Williams, of Goulburn, NSW 'le was formerly Miss Wendy '.ad, of Suva), but it is by no *.ans an unusual sight for Islands lellers anywhere in the South as. And below —Haus Tambaran, iprik, New Guinea, submitted by r s. B. Haydon, of Lae, New Guinea, e photo was taken by her son, Cliff Haydon, who was killed an aircraft accident in 1949. A ms Tambaran is where the sacred ics are kept; it is for men only d is tambu to women. The height n, be judged from the size of the ■n in the foreground and from ’ coconuts. Note the intricately inted facade. These houses are feature of this district but will appear as civilisation encroaches, oth on Kodachrome). in Europe in 1939 did not immediately affect the Pacific, directly. But, indirectly, its effect was depressing.

All the copraproducing areas still were free, but war had reduced the world’s copra markets.

There was political confusion, also.

France was occupied by the enemy and her large archipelagoes in the Pacific were taken care of by other Westerners.

The educated and “Europeanised” native peoples naturally were bewildered by these events.

Japanese Invasion Their bewilderment was vastly increased when, in December, 1941, the Japanese struck at Uni t ed States through Pearl Harbour, and the whole Pacific was plunged into war.

Within the next four years, the Japanese thrust far southwards; were met and checked and utterly defeated by vast American forces, aided by Australians and New Zealanders: and most of the Islands of New Guinea, Bismarcks, Solomons, Carolines and Marshalls, and Gilberts, were torn and ravaged by modern war.

Practically all South Pacific Islands outside those actually involved in fighting were lengthily occupied by our servicemen.

All European and most Asian communities were removed for years, from the invaded Islands.

Thus, for a long time, the natives met only Japanese, American and Australian servicemen. Servicemen have no understanding of our sociological obligations to the indigenous folk.

The more primitive communities, living their own lives in their ancient fashion, were not much affected. But the psychological effect upon the more sophisticated and Europeanised natives of contact with masses of soldiery can be better imagined than described.

The natives still were—and are— orderly and friendly enough. But whatever notions they may have had about a close friendship between God and white men had been completely dissipated.

Economically, of course, the Pacific war benefited enormously those Territories outside the operational zone. The Japanese had occupied the great copra-producing areas of East Indies and Philippines.

The markets still open to us now clamoured for the copra of our unoccupied Islands.

With money from these sources, plus the enormous sums spent by War Departments and servicemen, many South Pacific Islanders became rich. The psychological effect of this—not very good—was added to, in the later ’Forties, by the extraordinary action of the Aus- 43 c 1 F 1 C ISLANDS MONTHLY - JULY. 1955

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Tels.: BU 5055, BU 1574. C ables: HIPEX. lian Socialist Government is dis- >uting “war damage compensai“ to natives, in cash, on a scale »elievably lavish. habitation, etc. /■hen the Pacific War ended with surrender of the Japanese in :io Bay, in September, 1945, a nber of events of political and nomic importance—all having a ring upon the sociological de- )pment of the native peoples— owed quickly. They may thus summarised: All the nations with South Pacific ■itories —namely, Britain, France, Ausia, United States, New Zealand, and —came back to their administrative s with a new and somewhat different ept of their obligations towards the venous races.

This new conception was expressed he establishment in 1949, by the six ons, of the South Pacific Commission. ;h is charged with the duties of rech and advice to the six Governments the most effective way of improving ve standards of life.

France permitted the native neople New Caledonia and French Oceania ike a much larger share in their own rnment while keeping both Terri- !S strictly inside the French Empire m.

Australia, seeking the rapid relitation of Papua and New Guinea, war damage compensation to Eurois on a most generous scale (in addition to the aforesaid lavish distribution to natives). In addition, Australia after the war subsidised the Papua and New Guinea Administration to the extent of around £7 million per annum—where previously the Territories had to be practically self-supporting. • Australia admitted native representatives to the P-NG Legislative Council, New Zealand granted to Western Samoans a much larger voice in government, * , „ , „ • T^e British Ministry of Food Copra Contract (for nine years, expiring 1057) under which all British South Pacific copra is bought at a rate that is high, and cannot vary much, has had a deeply stabilising effect upon South Pacific economy. (CONTINUED PAGE 47) 45 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 195 5

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Kodak sensitised materials are Australian made —to world standards they are factory-frcsh and supplied in special tropical packages.

Kodak (AUSTRALASIA) PTY. LTD., Box 2700, G.P.0., Sydney News and Information Bureau Colour Photograph by James Fitzpatrick. Four colour plates by courtesy Qantas Empire Airways Ltd\ 46 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

> Far-reaching political changes in lonesia and Indo-China have cut off an labour to New Caledonia and New brides, increasing the demand for tive labour. > There has been no economic developnt worth noting in the British Terriies of Solomons and Gilbert and Ellice list as well, perhaps, because native rale in Solomons was much affected er the war by an anti-European arching Rule” movement, and the ives are still not disposed to offer dily for service. i Because of the extraordinary post- ' development of air transport, shipg communications with all the Islands e been greatly changed, and translation taken on a new aspect. The t that a plane can travel from Fiji New Guinea to Sydney in a few hours, ;re a ship took a week, affects Eurons directly much more than natives. in numerous indirect ways it has tearing upon native life and outlook.

The visit of the world’s greatest larch. Queen Elizabeth 11. to the South ific in 1953-4, was far more than a ctacuiar event. She was seen by usands of Fijians and Tongans, and selected parties of Polynesians ami ua-New Guinea natives. The effect that happy occasion upon the native d, is beyond computation. )gress—But Under a Cloud luropean policy generally since 5 has been directed to a great nulation of all factors which may regarded as likely to assist the ives towards self-government I independence.

Natives generally—and especially those of the Central and Eastern archipelagoes—have reacted favourably. One would say that, compared with 25 years ago, there is greater friendliness towards Europeans, and a much more intelligent appreciation of what Europeans are trying to do for the Islands communities.

There has been, simultaneously, a marked increase in the extent and quality of the educational and medical services given to the native communities by the numerous —in some ways, too numerous—Christian Missions.

There is a much better liaison now between Administrations and Missions. This is important because, as the Governments develop their politico-economic plans for the better education and technical training and medical care of the natives, they are liable to get their numerous instrumentalities tangled with those of the Missions.

But, just as in the later ’Thirties, the sociological progress in the South Pacific in the ’Fifties is coming under an international cloud.

Then, it was the creeping menace of Japan. Now, it is the steadily increasing threat of a restless Asia, profoundly influenced by Communism and encouraged to look for expansion towards the rich, desirable, undeveloped countries of the South Pacific.

Unless something happens soon to check this terrifying new thing in Southeast Asia, all political, economic and sociological plans and progress in the South Pacific will be subverted to the paramount needs of defence.

Asian Communities in Pacific This threat from Asia necessarily directs attention to another factor which affects all sociological planning for South Pacific natives. This is the establishment of influential and tenacious Asian communities in the South Pacific Islands. Here they are: In New Guinea. —A small Chinese community of some 3,000, descendants of Chinese labourers introduced by the Germans. Traders and artisans In Solomons —A small but steadilygrowing Chinese community, engaged mostly in trading.

In N. Caledonia and TV. Hebrides —lmportant remnants of Javanese and Tonkinese labourers, not repatriated in 1940-45 because of war conditions, now have established small communities of traders and artisans, and tend to increase.

In Fiji —A large and important community of about 160,000 Indians (compared with 143,000 Fijians) now is a factor of great importance in the present and future Fiji. There is also a community of 4.000 Chinese. (Continued Page 49) [?] fisherman casts his net —a study from Tahiti. 47 \CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Office and Sample Room Bank of New South Wales Chambers, Suva, Fiji. (Continued from page 47) In Tahiti A close-knit cornunity of 10,000 Chinese is an im- >rtarit factor in the life of this jrritory.

The most superficial observer may e that the existence of these Asian mmunities in these Territories ust in time influence very much e future life of the natives.

The European communities are t markedly increasing in numbers id, in due course, they will tend disappear. But the Asians are ere for all time; their hold on e Territories’ commercial life is m and increasing: and their jwpoint and their ambitions must ect all future planning in relation the indigenous peoples. [n this review, one should mention e case of Western Samoa. As in iw Guinea, the Germans introced a large corps of Chinese >ourers to Samoa. When New aland took over in World War I, 3 Chinese were allowed to stay, d most of them took Samoan . v e s. The Chinese-Polynesian >ss is an excellent one, and the tie Chinese-Samoan community ild be described as desirable. But ien the NZ Socialists got control government in 1935, they decided it the Chinese community was a ;ial and economic menace to moa, and almost all Chinese were shipped away. Except for a European-Samoan community of about 4,000 (in a total population of 80,000) Samoa now is the only large South Pacific country to-day without foreign implantation. make a colour sound-film record of the London Missionary Society’s work in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Samoa and Tonga. He will travel from Suva to the Gilberts in the society’s 400-tons supply ship, John Williams VI.

Private Garage for Rarotonga MR. J. PRICE, who formerly owned and operated the picturesque “Blue Lagoon” dancehall at Muri, Rarotonga, will shortly open his new garage at Avarua.

A privately owned garage has been needed in Rarotonga where the numbers of new trucks, cars, tractors and motor cycles grow every year. t Three years old, New Caledonia’s agricultural college at Point Laguerre, 30 miles from Noumea, has 31 native and 10 European students. The school provides a solid programme of agricultural theory and practice. Last year’s dux is now in Australia studying under a scholarship provided by the Australian Government.

Mr. W. A. Deutsher, a retired Melbourne engineer, left in June to 49 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

oncjrcituiatl ons to the "Pacific Islands Monthly" on Completing its Twenty-Fifth Year of Continuous Publication. 25 years, the Pacific Islands has rendered invaluable service to its readers in the Islands. But for even longer—more than 40 years—Monel* has been extensively used for marine purposes.

Monel is ideal for propeller shafting as it is strong, tough and highly resistant to corrosion . . . useful for galley equipment since it is silvery-white, attractive and easy to keep clean and bright . . .eminently suitable for hull fittings and fastenings because Monel cannot rust.

May we tell you more about MonelP Full information on this useful and versatile nickel alloy will gladly be forwarded by: WRIGHT & COMPANY PTY, LTD.

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Monel is a registered trade mark. 50 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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SPRUSO COMPANY, Redfern, New South Wales, Australia. re as the dodo. Many of them ill live at Wau, or along the warne-built road to Lae, or in the ighlands, growing cattle, cabbages, ffee, kau-kau, peanuts, vegetables id flowers.

IHE first gold to be discovered in Fiji was at Mount Kasi in Vanua Levu in 1929; and in 32 an old prospector, Bill irthwick, staked by Mr. Pat istello, found gold in the scrub vered hills of northern Viti Levu, iis latter discovery led to estabhment of the rich gold mines of loma, Emperor and Dolphin.

During the gold boom in Fiji, 20 ars ago, shares in mines and ;n in options on leases, soared to traordinary prices. But the Tavua Id was as limited as it was rich d hard to work, and by 1936 it d been left to the E. G. Theodore crests to develop the area on the ge scale that was required.

Dold exports from Fiji topped ; million £ mark in 1939, fell during the war and were back the million £ bracket in 1947.

Carly this year it was indicated it Loloma is almost worked out i interest now centres on new ias being tested on Emperor’s item boundary and the threeirs programme of exploration iertaken by the three companies.

At. Kasi, after producing well in i 30’s, closed down in 1943.

OLD was worked in the Solomons for many years before the war, mostly on Guadalcanal, i mostly around Gold Ridge ich has figured largely in BSIP airs in recent months.

Jenerally, it was found unnomic to work and a great deal time has been expended in king the mother lode—which ; not discovered until this year.

Tiis is recent history—and so as BSIP is concerned, Guadalial gold could be a new story bead of a closed chapter as in st other territories. A full ount of progress has been pubied in recent issues of PIM.

'he Theodore interests from . interested themselves in Gold ge before the war, but active ipaigning in the vicinity put an . to that in 1942. The same ‘rests were prepared to recomice after the war had not irictive legislation make it an iractical proposition. This too, incient history. i recent years the BSIP governit has had a change of heart is now sponsoring and actively ouraging private enterprise to jme interested in mining and specting in the Protectorate. •old has been found in New edonia, but that extraordinarily icralised country has concen- ;ed on other metals, building an economy that depends almost wholly on the exploitation of the large deposits of nickel and chrome.

Apart from these minerals there are also large deposits of manganese, cobalt, iron and copper and smaller deposits of many other minerals.

In the 30’s, Japan secured concessions for working New Caledonian iron but the war put an end to this. For years, it has been suggested that Australia should interest herself in Caledonia's iron deposits, but although negotiations were many they always broke down —until 1955. A scheme is now under way to sell shipments of ore to the Broken Hill Proprietary of NSW.

In Fiji, since the war, there has been considerable interest in manganese, but this mining has been in a small way and it has not yet made much impact on the economic life of the Colony.

Oil Search is Costly, the Prize Rich SEARCH for petroleum in the Pacific has been concentrated in Papua and New Guinea (so far unsuccessfully) and in Dutch New Guinea (successfully).

Indications of oil have been found in the Gulf region of Papua since last century, and in the first 30 years of this century, the Australian government encouraged, with a subsidy, any who would engage in the search. This aid ended in 1930 —possibly due to the Depression. Three large companies were left in the field —Papuan Oil Development (Shell); Island Exsearch?" representing m) Aus n t?aii?n interests, By 1938, most of the above, plus D’Arcv Exploration of London (Anglo-Persian), were as- SO ciated in Australasian Petroleum Co pty Ltd which has carried on the bu i k of exploration since. (Continued on Page 52) 6 51 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955 Depression, War and Boom in Pacific Industries (Continued from page 40)

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Deep drilling on a a large scale was being undertaken before thej war, and since the war this company has become even mo~e heavily involved. About £l4 million has been sunk by this company in oil exploration in Papua, up to date; and deep drilling to depths of up to 2i miles has been performed—all, so far, without positive result, although residents of Papua still speak of “when oil is struck’' —not “if.”

Every modern aid to oil search has been enlisted, no money or h as , been spared, and the V -5 as * eft . no roorn to doubt that if there is oil in Papua, it will eventually find it.

Price of Oil Search shares has been the barometer of public interest in Papuan oil search. This company, which now has a minority holding in APC, is the only one open to direct public investment.

For years the shares were around 2/-;. two years ago, after an oil drill stuck at 13,743 feet, in the Omati No. 1 hole following indications of gas pressure, the shares began to rise and in July, 1954 were 32/-. It took well over a year for the company to get back to work on Omati No. 1, then the hole was deepened in mid-April, 1955 to the possible limit, over 14,000 feet —and. alas, abandoned. The gas pressure of two years before had apparently meant nothing.

It was the luck of the game-j but Oil Search shares were down to 9/- at the end of May, 1955.

As the larger companies have poured more capital into APC, Oil Search’s holding has become a very minor one. There has been no indication from APC as to the stage at which they consider oil search in the Territory is no longer worthwhile. In the meantime, they are spending at the rate of £2 million per year. The prize, if found, will be great—and not the least to benefit will be the Territory of Papua which will receive substantial royalties.

Other oil-search companies are also operating in P-NG. Papuan Apinaipi has recently been granted a prospecting area of 8,600 miles in Papua. Enterprise of New Guinea is engaged on prospecting in an area in the Sepik River district. ] Since the war, the Dutch have discovered and developed oil wells some hundred miles to the northH westward of where APC are drilling. They are producing and exporting about 750,000 tons of oil per annum. They spent millions on search and about £l2 millions on development after oil was disj covered, in 1938. The war and post-war political difficulties inj tervened and the first crude oil was sent to Victoria for refining only inj 1949.

Production of oil in DNG has caused Papua to hope that petroleum will be found in that Territory, too —although the Dutch 52 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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The secret of masterly distilling, maintained through the years, is the reason why to-day, as ever, Gordon’s Gin stands supreme. ells are near Sorong at the far estern point of Dutch territory. 3me Stake All in ocoa—Some in Rubber N the early thirties, cocoa and rubber prices did not engage in the erratic up-and-down course iat was pursued by copra. It can ; said, rather, that prices were liformly poor until the mid and te 30’s, when they began the ward trend that produces the aks on the graphs. (Pages 54, 59).

Other than that, of course, there not much similarity between the r o products.

Virtually, all of the rubber proiced in the South Pacific comes iw from Papua, although at one riod Fiji entered the field and in 26 reached peak exports with 3,990 lbs.

Fiji export was revived during the icific war when the Japs had er-run Malaya and rubber was a •ategic material in very short pply. However, Fiji’s rubber lands ■day present a very sorry spectacle, d are virtually abandoned.

Rubber is Papua’s chief export— st rubber planting going back to )3. This was on the Sogeri plateau imtry behind Port Moresby, which is still the chief rubber-growing area. By the 20’s rubber planting was well established both there and in the N-E of the territory, about 900 tons per annum being exported.

In spite of widely fluctuating prices, considerable planting was undertaken in the 20’s and 30’s and Australian Government assistance after much pressure permitted 53 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Phone: UM 8436. Cables: Woolmill, Sydney. rubber producers to weather the Depression better than those whose fortunes were tied up in copra.

Australia has always been Papua’s only rubber market and although it entered free of import duty until 1933, the somewhat unusual step was taken then of imposing duty in order to help the Papuan industry. The 4d per lb duty (laterreduced to 2d) was collected by.

Australian Customs and paid back: to producers in Papua.

During the war, many rubber-: plantations had to be abandoned* but some were kept in production] by a special defence unit, all prices, *, of course, being “fixed.” After the; war, the price of rubber did not; rise spectacularly like copra andJ cocoa—synthetic rubber had beer* developed during the war andJ thenceforth was virtually to imposed a ceiling price on the natural pro-i duct. (Continued on page 59)| RUBBER: The fortunes of rubber planters rose and fell between 1930-55 with the graph above. Price per lb (shown left) is London price. 54 JTILY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

•••••• m m .St ■■'•X. & m Homebush, N.S.W. —The home of Qrnott’s a- Biscuits There is no Substitute for Quality, 55 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

The following varieties are now available for export in No. 8 size soldered tins (8 tins crated, 3 ft. 6 in. cu.) and 1-lb. waxed packets in Cartons of permissible shipping weight (1 ft. 3 in. cu.).

VARIETY: Adora Cream Wafer Afternoon Tea Amelia Crunch Arno Shortbread Butter Oat Cake Cherry Ripe Cocoanut Creamy Chocolate Custard Cream Delta Cream Ginger Nut Golden Grain Jatz Cracker Facto Malted Milk Milk Arrowroot Milk Coffee Nice Orange Slice Orange Tea Osborne Princess Raspberry Fruit Cream Sao (Carton 1 ft. 5 in. cu.), Scotch Finger Shredded Wheatmeal Spicy Fruit Roll Tea Cake Thin Captain o Not available in No. 8 tins, x Not available in packets.

Cabin Biscuits

{As Supplied to the Royal Australian Navy ) Single Tins. Approximately 35 lb. net weight per tin of I.C. plate 131 in. x 131 in. x 16 in.

Hermetically sealed with tagger top. Slip on lid spot-soldered.

Packed in cartons made of No. 2 board silicate gum sealed for permissible shipping uncrated, to hold one tin. Size of carton approximately 14 in. x 14 in. x 161 i n -5 = 1 ft. 11 in. cu. (21 equal one shipping ton).

Qrnotts Biscuits There is no Substitute for Quality. 56 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTH I Y

Jm * I f iCt I H. * * a «4 * *%L ■ is #■ > - : ' 4 : J % Ct#fTA«> C«fAtt C****** ***>COVATI -■>4'; * * > * * fcMAII :*:Si <*> (**pwm * * # ’ tkhi.i^K *. *l5 * » # «? i* Wk AKf f4«r« i« *• Sminimi 9 f— QmmUly 57 FIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Rubber’s post-war boom began ir the outbreak of the Korea war the intensification of the Comlist Cold War when the Western ions started vigorously to stockstrategic materials, rices reached their peak in 1951 7 to slump drastically again in two years following. In 1953 part of 1954 prices for Papuan ber had again slumped below of production for many plantas and the industry asked again assistance from the Common- -Ith. ivestigation into whether the imonwealth should or should not ough the Australian Tariff Board) was protracted to such an extent that rubber had time to rise and fall several times.

The Board’s report has not yet been released.

COCOA was planted in Western Samoa by the Germans and when New Zealand took over German plantations in that Territory the industry was already COCOA: The above graph shows clearly the fluctuating fortunes of cocoa in the period under review. Price per ton (Australian currency) shown in left column. 59 I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

A Household Word...

As one of the oldest supporters of the "Pacific Islands Monthly", Brunton's Flour offers its sincerest congratulations to the journal on the occasion of its 25th Anniversary.

Its publication has been of inestimable value, in its news and market services, to the Pacific Islands—and long may it continue.

For very many years Brunton's Flour has been a household word throughout the Pacific Islands—and we are happy to see the "Pacific islands Monthly" in the same category.

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LAUTOKA ’ LABASA. NADI and BA. (FIJI), and at STREET. S t uv^ AUSORI ’ LAUCALA BAY AIRPORT and MARKS Established throughout the Islands established. As can be seen by the graph, cocoa created no wealthy planters during the thirties and apart from a brief rise in 1937, did not begin to be a real moneyspinner until 1946-47. Then, except for a brief recession in 1949, prices rose in spectacular fashion reaching their peak at about £673 Australian during 1954.

In the last six months, prices have fallen steeply to more reasonable levels and this is regarded as a healthy sign rather than as a reverse.

There had been considerable planting of cocoa in New Guinea before 1942, mostly interplanted with coconuts. But these plantings were wiped out during the war. Soon after the war, however, a cocoaplanting fever commenced in the Territory and has gone on steadily ever since in Bougainville, New Britain, New Ireland and in the Markham Valley. Some of this cocoa is now coming into production and swelling the incomes of the most far-sighted planters—many of whom are already doing exceedingly well from copra. A post-war interest in cocoa growing has also manifested itself in Fiji, the British Solomons and elsewhere in the Pacific.

The Western Samoa cocoa boom has brought great wealth to that Territory and has substantially aided the Samoans’ march towards political independence.

Pacific Shell Buttons the World’s Shirts THE Pacific trochus industry has not followed the same pattern as most other commodities, its depression coming after the war, rather than before.

Trochus, a cone-shaped shell, it used for the manufacture of pear, buttons, the button blanks being cuj in an ingenious spiral around th. shell. Before the war, the buttox business was centred in Japan amt in the central European countri© such as Czecho-Slovakia. Post-was 60 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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'■ I nbles prevented the quick renption of the industry and hence » slump in trochus prices, fhe most spectacular rise has ;n since 1952—which coincides re or less, with the time Jap ling vessels once again started to ,m the Pacific. In May, 1955, the ce of trochus reached £A435 per —the result, according to some, of ! fact that Japan is poaching >ut three-quarters of her trochus uirements and does not care what i pays for the remainder, n 1953 a button factory was set at Levuka, Fiji. This uses local chus —much of it purchased beb the rise in price of shell. This tory in early 1955 was doing well; high prices persist, however, it y in time have some difficulties h Japanese competition. i’s £7,000,000 Sugar ome (GAR has sweetened the Fiji economy for so long now, it has come to be accepted, simply as accepts the scenery, b other South Pacific territory a sugar industry—not because ar will not grow in other terries, but because of the delicate ince of world sugar markets, le of the best sugar-cane breedmaterial has been found in the i cane of Papua and New nea. agar milling in Fiji is now in hands of one company—the mial Sugar Refining Company; sugar-cane growing is practical! in the hands of Fiji-Indian int farmers. The sugar intry, directly or indirectly sup- ;s the Indian community of the >ny; and the Indians support the ir industry. The two make up integral parts of the whole.

Bcause of this, sugar in Fiji has :imes become not so much an istry, as a red-hot political issue, ar planting began in Fiji in the ’s and indentured Indians were ight in to work the sugar fields the mills. In 1916 the system adenture ceased; there followed ?riod of some difficulty and realisation, then the Indians ed in as tenant farmers and by it was calculated that 95 per . of the cane supplied to the !>’s five mills was grown by ans. le industry was peaceful enough I 1943, when at a time calculated lisrupt Fiji’s all-out war effort, Indian mill-workers and growers ed a strike for higher rates, mg the ensuing troubles, which ' protracted, some canefields i burned; some farmers refused »lant others. These incidents, wing as they did the Indian munity’s total failure to engage le Colony’s war effort, infuriated Fijian and European communand was the cause of much anti-Indian feeling for years.

The farmers themselves are, in the majority, industrious and good agriculturists and left to themselves would have caused no trouble. But the post-war period was one of restless nationalism everywhere, and there is a class of Fijian-Indian who is a natural political agitator and trouble-maker. Most of the trouble can be laid at the door of this minority.

In the last few years, political troubles appear to have died down.

Under an agreement between the CSR Co., and the Indian cane farmers, the price paid for cane rises and falls in proportion to the rise and fall in the price of raw sugar.

In this way, the farmers have shared in the post-war price rises and at the same time the industry has been stabilised for them by the fact that Fiji is a partner in the Commonwealth sugar agreement under which Empire sugar producing countries are assured of a market for a large proportion of their crop. The price is negotiated each year in London.

In 1953, the value of Fiji’s sugar exports was £7,706.000. In the best pre-war year (1935) it was £1,314,000.

Fruit, Farming and The Future THE Islands fruit industry— supplying of oranges, bananas, pineapples and winter tomatoes 61 IC I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY J U L Y , 1955

v? s > r i - m v W ho’ll Sign the Cheque?

If you are a professional man, a highly paid executive, or owner of a small business, who will sign the cheque when you are laid up through sickness or accident?

Will you sign it. or will we do it for you because you had the foresight to protect yourself with an All Sickness, Disease and Accident Policy with us.

When we sign that cheque it gives you medical benefits, provides sustenance for your family and, where needed, makes it possible for some expert to carry on your business for you.

All you pay is a low premium and it is a low premium when you consider the benefits that may accrue.

Our advice is available without obligation.

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LIMITED Insurance Brokers

Port Road, Port Moresby

Box 104 P.O, Port Moresby Agents: PORT MORESBY & SAMARAI . Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.

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Insurances effected at Lloyds of London to the insatiable New Zealanc market—has had its Depression woes and post-war difficulties. Thii trade is in the hands of native growers in Fiji, Cook Islands Tonga, Niue and W. Samoa ano. although there have been no native millionaires as a result of it, it is a,u present, producing an adequate lining for thousands of these people 1 Since the war a new class o European farmer has emerged in the Pacific islands, particularly ir Papua and New Guinea. He ii not the rich planter, but £ prosperous grower of cattle, tables, corn, other farm products peanuts and coffee.

So far this class of Islandi resident has made little impact on the export income of his he is providing the binding materia* for an overall, integrated Islands! economy.

As well as progress in primarr production, secondary industries havr also been established since 193® Two giant coconut oil extracting mills have been built by the Wv R. Carpenter interests at Rabaus. and Suva —the latter also manu-j facturing margarine. Biscuit ano soap factories are well establisheo in Suva.

In the Aird Hills district ot Papua, a factory for the extraction of tanning and dyeing materials! from mangrove bark has been se? up. In the Bulolo valley, the huge plywood mill of CommonwealtH New Guinea timbers is in pro]( duction.

Sawmills are doing boom business all over the P-NG Territory in the Solomons, and Fiji. In the Highii lands of New Guinea, a passion-i fruit pulping factory is processing fruit for an Australian cordial manufacturer.

Retail trade, with more spending money in the pockets of native peoples and non-indigenous alike is booming as never before, until at this writing, in mid-1955, it can be said that the Pacific Islands world was never more prosperous. I The last Quarter-Century hasj brought extraordinary changes to the Islands, particularly in the waj in which the native people themJj selves now are working alongside the Europeans as planters ano producers on their own account Even the primitive New Guinea; highlander is a grower of the Irish spud, or of passionfruit, or some-n times is a coffee-planter. Fijiansi produce the bulk of their country’s copra and New Britain natives have gone into cocoa in a big way Depression, war and post-walj boom —all have occurred during these last 25 years. The first twe are gone; the third is still with us, What will the next quarter-century bring? Good and bad, that »i certain. But whether we emergf at the end of 1980, in the same happy condition as we find our+ selves today is something that no canny person would like to predict in these uncertain times. 62 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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HE equipment of exploring and prospecting expeditions into the wilder parts of Papua and New inea first brought into the Pacific ands trade the well-known Sydr small-arms supplier—Sil Rohu — constant advertiser in Pacific inds Monthly over 25 years. We :ed the managing director, Mr.

C. Thomson, for some history of : firm. t was established in Bathurst St., iney, in 1920, handling firearms y. A few years later, Mr. Sil bu, well-known NSW sportsman, 3 successful in obtaining many iers for the equipping of gold specting and oil prospecting ties, with their firearms, etc. The n, through this business, became 1-known in Papua and New nea and, through honest trading, t connection has been mainled ever since, a 1928, the business was moved larger premises in 143 Elizabeth Sydney; and, in addition to arms, high-class fishing tackle ; introduced. [r. Sil Rohu died in 1945 and the business since then has been carried on by his nephew, Mr. Norman Thomson—who, incidentally, has been with the firm since 1920. The business has had practically the same staff for 35 years. t Indians in Fiji sent nearly £5,000 to the Indian Prime Minister’s Flood Relief Fund. In June the Gomrnissioner for the Government of India in Fiji received a message expressing Mr. Nehru’s appreciation. 63 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

New Zealand ... a tour In a suitcase A holiday in Xew Zealand is an adventure in superlatives, with all the scenic wonders of the world encompassed in two small islands.

Thermal regions . . . towering alps .. . snow sports . . . big game fishing . . . fighting trout in stream and lake . .. beauty of forest and fiordland . . . all this in a genial, temperate climate, fever-free and without noxious insect pests.

And each scenic splendour just a few hours away .. . when you fly w N.A.C. links all principal New Zealand cities and tourist resorts, and has offices and agents throughout New Zealand, Australia and the South-West Pacific. \ new zea land 64 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Editorial . . .

And Now, What Of The Next

Quarter-Century ?

’ you would know the future—in broad outline—look back over your shoulder. In human affairs, ! pattern does not change. History >ws you where you are going, and v you will get there. n a general way, the records of y 25 years do not help much. 2 normal human life—three times -actually is itself too short to ye as a real guide. But, with developmental pace of later ,es, these quarter-centuries do w some significant trends, for guidance. the quarter-century described in this issue. The year 1930 seems a very little time ; yet who, in 1930, would have eved that by 1955 the cream of is-Pacific transport would have a transferred to planes? That a iber would fly from Tokio to ney in daylight? That the oncegerous malaria and scrubius would be conquered? That ■y isolated plantation and adistrative post and mission ion would be linked with headrters by radio? That, although might of Japan had been :en, the British and French and ch would be marching out of theast Asia, abandoning about half the human race to a screaming, snarling and wholly unpredictable nationalism?

In 1930, our South Pacific world seemed—despite the economic travails of the Depression very calm and very secure. Some talked of “the awakening of Asia.” We agreed that Asia might awaken — might even be troublesome—but that clearly was a matter for our greatgreat-grandsons of next century.

Mussolini was strutting; but Adolf Schickelgruber, and Buchenwald, and the implications of the Jap seizure of Micronesia were still in the future. The “Bolsheviks” were occasionally a nuisance; but no one gave even a thought to Communism as a political force in any country outside Russia.

Well—if so much could happen between 1930 and 1955, think what may happen, under present-day conditions, between 1955 and 1980.

T7HNSTEIN is dead, and among the Hi immortals; but nuclear fission— the thing to which he introduced us through mathematical formulae —is terrifyingly with us. Much of our future, immediate and remote, depends upon the manner in which mankind makes use of this newfound force.

We see it now only in terms of the atom-bomb. That, of course, is sheer bad luck.

Nuclear fission came to us in 1945 as a war-weapon, to give Japan the coup de grace; and it has been developed primarily as a war weapon.

That was because the period which produced the atom bomb produced also the Muscovite form of Communism as an ideological force, driving all the nations into two desperately antagonistic camps; and the leaders in each camp, seeing “the arbitrament of arms” as the only logical end of the struggle, seized on the atom-bomb as the first weapon in their armoury.

Had there been no Russia to build up the Cold War of 1945-55, we now could have been in an era in which UNO really would have functioned as the guardian of international law, order and justice; and in which Einstein’s new power would have been applied to human progress and happiness in ways which stir tha imagination.

IF we allow our reading of the future to be shaped by the history of racial movements, the quarter or half-century immediately ahead holds real menace for the South Pacific.

There is grave significance for us in the rapidity with which events have moved in Asia since 1945 since the Russians came in and fitted the Communist yoke around the necks of many of these hungry nations, and deliberately turned all their thinking into an unreasoning, clamorous hatred of Europeans.

CAN anything— anything —be done to change this trend? I do not know. During May and June, here in the East, I have talked to every kind of man, from old and wise Governors and grim Westerners down to inscrutable Chinese traders and intelligent little Javanese; and, like Omar Khayyam, “evermore came out by the same door as in I went.”

Each has a different opinion.

There is no unanimity anywhere— except in their agreement that there is a gathering storm.

WHICH brings us to the main point, whereat all forecasts must cease. The future of the South Pacific countries depends, at this stage, almost entirely upon which world group is to have the bigger influence in Asia the Western Powers, or international Communism directed by Russia.

The statesmen of every Western Power are striving desperately for a formula for permanent peace— while neglecting nothing which will strengthen their arms. . . .

Meanwhile, in the South Pacific Territories, both social and economic progress is sound, orde r ly and peaceful, in comparison with what one sees elsewhere. There is genuine, well-directed eagerness on the part of the British, Americans. French 65 iCIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

and Dutch to help the intelligent, friendly native peoples of the Islands to an ever-increasing degree of education, local orderliness and self-government.

I think it is in this field that we shall see the greatest progress in the next quarter-century—always provided that our quiet world down here is not invaded by Asiatic migrations, or the clashing ideologies of West and East.- RWR.

Arbitration Move

Settles Fiji’S

Goldmine Dispute

SEEKING to settle a wages dispute between the Emoeror Gold Mining Co. Ltd. and the Fijian Mineworkers’ Union, the Acting Governor of Fiji (Mr. A F. R. Stoddart) appointed Mr.

D. M. N. McFarlane, a well-known solicitor and former Mayor of Suva, as member of a Court of Arbitration constituted under the Industrial Disputes Ordinance.

On June 25, however, it was reported that about 1,250 employees of the Associated Companies had gone on strike.

The union claimed that the existing wages were inadequate having regard to the nature of the work, the risks involved and the needs of the workers and their families. It sought a general wage increase of 3/- a day or shift.

The company claimed that minimum rates, inclusive of cost of rations and quarters were considerably higher than corresponding rates in other industries in Fiji.

It further claimed that valuable amenities and concessions were given, that the risks were not such as to justify higher wages, and that the productivity of workers was low.

In addition, the company stated that the reduced quantity of gold recovered, and the virtual exhaustion of cheap open-cuts did not permit a general wage increase.

The arbitrator found that the claim for a general wage increase of 3/- a day could not be substantiated; that the 2/3 cost of living allowance should be merged in the basic wage, and that the basic minimum wage was not sufficient.

The new award, accepted by the workers on July 6, fixes the basic minimum wage for surface workers at 7/- a day and for underground workers at 8/3 a day, the arbitrator stating that the underground worker was entitled to an increase of 3d in the marginal daily rate. To each of the basic rates must be added rations as already supplied by the company, and housing where provided.

The men returned to work on July 7.

Australia Receives Her Annual Scolding THE usual amount of nonsense was aired at the meeting of the UN Trusteeship Council in New York in June. Australian administration of New Guinea and Nauru was again criticised—by those veteran critics, India and Russia.

It is, of course, no accident that spokesmen for countries where the people are oppressed and/or povertystricken and illiterate, are loudest in criti c i s m of more enlightened administrations.

At this session of the Council, it was implied that the extraction of phosphate from Nauru had turned a “flowering garden into a wilderness”—the Nauruans, of course, having their land whittled away before their eyes while the British got all the profits. India did not like the Australian administration in New Guinea, either.

Australian officials made the appropriate explanations.

However, at the next meeting of the Council the same perennial criticisms by the same perennial critics will no doubt be on the agenda again.

Future Of Pacific

Copra Industry

WHILE in London, the Editor oi the Pacific Islands Monthly has been making a study or the factors which are likely to affecr the copra-producing and- coconm oil industries of the South Pacific) after the British Ministry of Fooo contract expires in 1957. Some in-j teresting developments are possible..

The result of these inquiries will be published in an article in ouu next issue (August).

All present indications are that the MOF price for 1956 will fall 10 per cent.; and, as seen from this distance, there may be a further fall in 1957.

But even if there is the full fall! of 10 per cent, in each year, permitted under the contract, the price in 1957 to South Pacific Govern-, ments would be £53 or £54 Stg. FOB equal to £67 Stg. GIF London, whiclt was exactly the free London market quotation for FMS copra in midf June, 1955. In other words, the British Ministry of Food, whicW made millions on the contract in the early years, now is losing millions.

Details will be given in the article in August.

Do You Remember ?

From PIM of 20 Years ago.

BY July, 1935, the crisis of goldfever was passing, but progress reports from both Fiji and New Guinea continued to occupy many columns in PIM.

Here are extracts from that issue 20 years ago: PIM editorial asked whether the British Solomon Islands Protectorate could be administered from New Guinea. It claimed that there were “a dozen sound, practical reasons for the change”, and added that the chief arguments against Australian control “appeared to be mostly of an academic or selfish character”. (The only administrative change in the British Solomons has been the prising loose of the Western Pacific High Commission from Suva and its establishment of HQ at Honiara). * * * Fanning and Washington Islands had been offered for sale in London on July 1.

Both islands had been operated by Fanning Islands, Ltd., for 20 years. (To-day most of Fanning and all Washington is worked by Fanning Island Plantations, Ltd., a subsidiary of Burns Philp. Both islands are part of the WPHC’s Line Islands).

H* H 5 H 5 PIM lamented that although in June it had said that copra prices “should rise soon”, they had continued to drop in July. Sydney merchants, it was reported, “do not know of one substantial reason why prices should have fallen 40/- in a few weeks. They are inclined to blamei the all-powerful Unilever combine”,' (London prices on July 12, 1935: £9/12/6 a ton sun-dried; £lO/5/- kiln-dried). I * * * Western Samoa, according; to a con-i tributor, was anxiously awaiting; an an-i nouncement from New Zealand about the.

Administrator to succeed Sir Hubert Hart,) who, it was said, had had a peaceful reigm by pursuing “a policy of masterly in-i activity”. * * * “Fashion Hints for Islands Women” wereshattering: “For the divinely tall and) most divinely beautiful comes the classical! toga of old Greece and Rome. Beautiful! and gracefully flowing draperies metamorphose the wearer into a goddess”. (Thiai sort of thing went on for two columns).( * * * Indian clerks of Suva solicitors, agitated) by a resounding condemnation by Fiji's Chief Justice (Sir Maxwell Maxwell-1 Anderson) of the actions of some of them,r were contemplating libel claims for £5,000 against him. It had been pointed out; that the only place in which such actions: could be brought was the Supreme Court' —His Honour’s own court. (In 1934, in a sequel to the trial of an Indian money*!’ lender for perjury, the Chief Justice had given instructions that no documents interpreted by these clerks were to be accepted at the Supreme Court Registries.a Consequently no solicitor would employe the clerks. The projected libel action was dropped when the ban was lifted). 66 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

[?]argo Cult?

Bainings Natives Killed by New Britain Patrol It is expected that the inquest into the deaths of five Bainings latives who were killed when attacking a patrol in New Britain in nid-June will throw some light on the cause of the whole incident.

WOUNDED native, Teingbem, l was brought to Rabaul on June 7 by a Catholic missionary from issawa, on the Bainings coast. He d of an outbreak of Cargo Cult his village, Alaisum, in the North inings. According to Teingbem, a tive called Tovil was the leader the Cult and only two natives, he d another called Prashun, refused accept Tovil’s ideas, rovil had killed Prashun and at- :ked Teingbem with a knife, hough bleeding from a large gash his back and with a fractured ill, Teingbem escaped and walked e hours to another village and m there was carried for 13 hours a stretcher to the mission. )n June 10, ADO W. Allen, with trol-Officers Martyn and Walsh i 15 native police, left for the übled area. No news was heard them until June 16 when a runner orted to the District Office, kopo, that the patrol had been acked by apparently crazed ives in the vicinity of Alaisum, ,t the patrol had been forced to i in self-defence, and that five n had been killed including dl —and five wounded. Medical istance was asked for. ’his was sent and on June 17, District Commissioner, New tain, Mr. J. R. Foldi, and Magisie R. Hall, two other Patrol icers and carriers left for the a.

Ir. Foldi returned to Rabaul on te 20 and reported that all was Bt in Alaisum. Two Patrol cers and native police were reining in the area, n inquest in open court was exted to begin in Rabaul on June and was likely to last some weeks, ntil the inquest is complete, 7 the sketchiest details of the )le incident are likely to be wn —until then it is generally all down to some sort of Cargo t manifestation. Cargo Cult can, course, be a blanket-term to sr a multitude of sins. True go Cult is an anti-European, i-Mission movement that flares quickly and dies as fast. It is 3d on a belief that all the Euroq goods that flow into the otry really come from the estors of the natives and are ply intercepted by the Euroos and thus withdrawn from r rightful owners. The term, ;e days, is somewhat loosely 1 to cover anything from plain irrection to religious fanaticism.

Sir R. Stanley

Leaves Wphc

WHEN the High Commissioner of the Western Pacific, Sir Robert Stanley, left Honiara, BSIP, on July 7 on pre-retirement leave, he did so in the manner in which he has usually travelled around his domain in the last three He left in a small ship, MVMuhamcL Lady Stanley and Miss Stanley accompamed him, as they have on most of his voyages around the Western Pacific High Commission islands. Numerous farewell functions were held in Honiara before they left. They will spend some weeks in Australia before going on to the United Kingdom.

Fiji Birthday Honours QUEEN’S Birthday Honours in Fiji were as follows: OBE.—Mr. A. B. Ackland and Captain J. P. Mullins. (Mr. Ackland, since his retirement from the Government service in 1949, has taken a prominent part in the development of the Fijian banana-growing industry. Captain Mullins, who has had long service with the Fiji Government and the Western Pacific High Commission, is president of the Fiji Seamen’s Union and commodore of the Royal Suva Yacht Club. After the war he established an extremely successful navigation class for Fijian and other ex-servicemen.

MBE (Military Division). —Captain W. F. Cox, Staff Officer, Fiji Artillery.

MBE—Mr. W. J. Gatward, a Tailevu dairy-farmer who has been a member of the Advisory Council on Agriculture since 1948. Until recently he was also president of the Rewa Co-operative Butter Factory.

ISO. —Mr. W. E. J. Donovan, who recently retired from the post of Accountant-General.

BEM. —Mr. H. J. Willougby, Work* Superintendent (Roads).

New Commonwealth Bank Opened in Moresby Port Moresby's new £60,000 Commonwealth Bank building was officially opened by the Administrator, Brigadier Cleland, in June.

Staff quarters for bank officers at Ela Beach were completed some time ago. The bank is on the corner of Douglas and Musgrove Sts.

Brigadier Cleland described the opening of the bank as another step in the progress of the Territory and a notable addition to the town of Port Moresby.

He said also that further projects of the bank were in hand for Rabaul, Lae and Madang, and work would start on them as soon as labour and materials were available.

The Administrator congratulated the bank on its appointment and training of four native clerks, two at Rabaul and two at Port Moresby. He said he understood all were making good progress and added: "I commend the bank for the manner in which it is caring for the people in this experiment". —Photo by Papuan Prints. 67 ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

HoW Fijians Hunt and Kill in Malayan Jungles From R. W. ROBSON, in Singapore, June 2. fITHE fact that I had driven 100 1 miles in the filthy Malayan heat to reach this place, and that during a very long evening I had been subjected to the kind of hospitality that abhors an empty glass and an undanced-to tune, made no difference in my awakening.

“Good morning, sare,” said the huge, smiling Fijian, with a big cup of tea. “The Major say the car will leave in 30 minutes.”

The sun had not emerged from behind the cone-shaped hills which guard the Fijian Battalion’s HQ in Johore. My wearied body howled for more sleep. But these were small things. Every day, HQ officers go out to see the Companies camped scores of miles away in the jungle.

Life here is real and earnest.

Within the hour, we were far away across what were once the stinking swamps of North Johore— now drained by a vast network of wide ditches, covered thickly with countless millions of rubber and palm-oil trees, and serviced by the finest system of roads in SE Asia.

I - "" FOUND my situation almost incredible. I was in a heavily armoured car. In front of me, beside the driver, sat an armed Fijian soldier. Beside me was Major Ratu Penaia Ganilau, also armed.

One hundred yards ahead there was , a ßren-gun carrier, with a very alert Fijian up on top, swinging his Brens as he examined each side of the be-jungled road Another Bren carrier followed a hundred yards behind. Soon after we started, the soldiers, at a certain point, slipped cartridge clips into their kept their rifles at the ready. No one spoke Just routine, I sunpose?” I said, a little anxiously.

Penaia smiled his slow smile “M-m-m, yes,” he said and then told me f® m . e T funny stories of life m -^^ laya ~ nothin g to do with bandit-hunting. certain places, the cars travelled very fast I learned later that these h W f^ plac^much favoured by the CT s (Communist Terrorists) for ambush —a road rising slowly in a curve, between high banks covered with dense undergrowth.

When, at HQ afterwards, I saw a map bespattered with coloured markers, I realised that that day we had passed scores of places where cars and trucks had been ambushed—mostly with little harm, but some with grave loss—as in the recent case when Major Genge, travelling unescorted, was killed.

They showed me that spot, and how cunningly the CT’s worked it.

THERE are four camps—A for Abel; B for Baker; C for Charley; and D for Dog—and during some strenuous hours, under a blazing sun, amid maddeninglymonotonous rubber-trees and unrelenting heat, I saw the lot.

The pattern was generally the same. Rows of tents pegged neatly to the parched yellow earth; a water-supply brought in from somewhere —mostly wells; a small engine to run a generator for lights. and radio batteries: barbed wire and sandbagged machine-gun posts all around; a few men on camp routine; and an officer close to the radio, keeping in touch with HQ and the patrols far out in the bush.

For, as Oliver Edwards said, “this is no bloody picnic.” The Fijians have a job to do. Overall statistics on these Malayan operations show that it takes 1,000 hours of patrolling to get a contact, and 1,600 hours to get a kill. The Fijians claim 182 “eliminations” (for which they have paid with 22 lives) and that represents hundreds of thousands of hours of hard and systematic slogging in thej jungle. They have the best record of all the 22 Battalions which arehunting bandits in Malaya—and everyone acknowledges that there was no luck about it —just goodt hard soldiering.

It is not exciting work—mostly endless patrolling, systematic, quartering of the jungle terrain: silent creeping through the leech-, infested ravines, relentless tracking when once the track is found.

But the Fijians love it —and the CT’s know it. When the Terrorist; realises that the brown-faced mem from the South Seas are on his. trail —and he usually is warned, because a lot of these plantation-!workers are in league with the Reds —he literally goes for his life. Hunt and Kill is the name of a monthlybulletin compiled by base for the men; and it is a good title. The Fijian hunts continually; and he kills more often than any other soldier in Malaya.

MY last visit was to Dog. Dog was just making a new camß in primitive jungle, away out. at the end of 15 miles of red-dust* choked road.

There I found that very excellent.

Fijian soldier, Major George Mate£ MC, MM, in a lather of sweat! directing a very busy Company. The tents were up, all correctly place® and spaced among the undergrowth; and the men were intently making the place habitable and preparing certain grim machinery for the discouragement of nocturnal!

CT visitors.

The necessary barbed wire hao not yet arrived; but machine-gunSj were mounted, and Dog Company’!' very special Alsatian tracker was being bedded down with a due re-! gard for tactics. (Each Company has a trained dog, to assist in the hunting.) The burly major was driving hisi Lieu.-Col. Low (in trench ) and Major M a t e (centre) discussing layout of new camp i n jungle. 68 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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TRAVELLED the long miles back to HQ in Colonel H. J. G. Low’s car—a “soft-skin.” This young, ir-toughtened CO —he got his llitary Cross with the New Zeaiders in the 1944 Italian campaign nates armoured cars and favours ift movement. He travelled with ly one carrier escort —but I was ately conscious of the way he pped the cartridges into his big mlver and placed it handily, as 3 winding road reached hilly intry.

Vs I considered the difference beeen an armoured and a “softn” car, I felt the marrow crawling ug my backbone, rhe Colonel showed me how every [age now is enclosed in barbed •e, and how each is entered and t through massive gates manned police. All cars are inspected, is keeps the CT’s out of the ages, and maintains a check oyer licles which might be carrying cit food and equipment to a idezvous with bandits.

Tie system was designed by Gen- -1 Templer—and implemented as 1 as the politicians will’ allow — bring the bandits within reach, nes and helicopters fly over “tiger :ntry,” and bomb any food gardens ich may be supplying the CT’s. 3 ever-trading Chinese who supthem with goods are “disraged.” The core of the plan is s to deny food to the CT’s and ae them out of the deep jungle, are they are most elusive, into more settled and open country, are they can be cleaned up.

'he troops are doing their job, 1 enough. But they are being ferly and consistently defeated the Chinese villagers, among am are many CT sympathisers. 3 politicians, in turn, protect the agers against the wrath of the liers. lEN our car swung around a curve, upon an extraordinary scene. Two huge trucks and one were in the ditches; two other 3 were on the roadway; a couple deeding men were receiving aid; up the steep banks, on either ;, Fijian soldiers, rifles at the dy, were pushing through the ib.

Vn ambush!” I exclaimed. It had the earmarks of one. he Colonel, tight-lipped, strode into the midst of the confusion, apped out with camera ready—l ight I was going to get a pic- ; of CT’s in action, ut it was only a collision. A ay driver, with a truckload of Company wire, came too fast md a curve on his wrong side, a police armoured car, bounced a a couple of other cars, and le a very expensive mess, alonel Low’s sentiments were lily expressed—l heard forgotten 69 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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CHATTING on that long drive home, I learned just what sort of an administrative headache is represented by the transfer of this Fiji Battalion to the Malayan Terrorist area.

Operationally, it is on a war basis.

It gets its fine record (the biggest number of kills in Malaya, with the Suffolk Regiment next, and the Gurkhas close up) by keeping a full two-thirds of its 850 officers and men always out on patrol.

But, for British records purposes, it is on a peacetime basis. So there must be a meticulous accounting for everything—there lately has been tremendous uproar because a half-pint of brake fluid is missing.

The Fijians are superb junglefighters, and they loathe administrative duties—“We came here to fight, sir—not to keep accounts,” is the burden of their constant protest. British HQ actually refused for a year to provide the Battalion with an efficient quarter-master, and thus forced valuable officers and NCO’s onto desk work.

The Fijians seriously lacked equipment—their outfit of ordinary uniforms was sadly inadequate. Yet a very bumptious type of old-style British officer wanted to equip them, for brigade parade purpose, with useless red jackets and white sulus —and snarled a great deal when the Fijian officers opposed and defeated him.

In the field itself, British cooperation and goodwill have been overwhelming. The friendly East Yorks and Eleventh Hussars have given the Fijians invaluable help in training for administrative work and for servicing of machines.

One night, in A Company’s camp, I heard the unforgettable harmony of Fijian singing. There, in their recreation hall, were a hundret Fijians, singing to a score of Easi Hampshire lads, and passing arounc the kava. The Hampshires seemec a little staggered by the unexpecte( flavour of yaqona and the absence of beer; but they certainly appreciated the singing.

Very wisely, the officers keep thei Fijians away from all alcohol—no' 70 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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r any Sunday School reasons, but icause liquor maddens them, and jstroys their great good-humour id invariable courtesy which have ade them first favourites from ngapore to Kuala Lumpur.

But they do love their kava. The dies’ committees in Fiji, who have »ne such a fine job, should keep e supply of yaqona moving *adily along.

An officer I was with out in a ngle camp noticed a distressed rviceman with a package. What is wrong?

Lhe soldier said he couldn’t get ything with which to break up ? yaqona. ‘Well, godammit, go out and steal coffee-grinder or a hammer or nething—but see that they get ;ir yaqona,” bellowed the officer, e cool and refreshing bowl was ng passed along, with proper ■emony, within twenty minutes. 1 is dull for the Fijian lads out amid these endless, monotonous rubber-trees. They are not eniraged to go on leave into Singa- *e and Penang, where they tend drift into filthy Asian establishes. There are only a handful Fijian wives here, grouped around |, far from the operational camps, inese and Malays, in Fijian eyes, 7 e few social qualities; and the s are thrown much onto their n resources. rtajor Oliver Edwards, the new mp Commandant at base, is a dess, ingenious worker, and he > done wonders in. devising new reational services, issuing a ;kly printed sheet with news m home, devising kitchens that I do more than merely feed, nning spare-time instruction in led trades and civil administrai. The Fijians have never comined—but they do appreciate se later developments. .s part of their habit of making nds and influencing people, the s out in the camps have lured little grey monkeys down out :he trees; and now every platoon its pet. The monkeys like nothbetter than to sleep on a Fijian ulder, with their ugly little faces ggled into a Fijian neck, his Malayan duty is doing the ans no harm. Seeing the adful social and political condiis here, they are better able to ireciate Fiji. I talked to two idsome young Fijian lieutenants. ;y were much amused by the ernmental set-up in Johore. At head of the State is the Sultan, pears old. His Highness’s deputy e is his own son, aged 61, while Highness himself lives in Lonl with a new wife and a daughter, d 5. . . I hope, when the Bat- Photo taken in the dusk after coming upon [?]e road smash (see story). 71 fcCIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE PACIFIC. Thor Heyerdahl, leader of the famous Kon- Tiki Expedition—sets out in detail the facts supporting his theory of Polynesian origins in Early America. The question of their origin has been debated by Anthropologists in many countries over the years. Illustrated. Maps and plates. £5/9/-.

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THE SOUTH SEAS IN TRANSITION (W. E. H. Stanner). A study of post war rehabilitation and reconstruction in the three British Pacific Dependencies. £2/10/-.

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ART OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS (Paul S. Wingert). With 102 illustrations In photogravure. 31/-. Postage 1/3.

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'he staff of the cers' mess, Ist lalion, Fiji Infantry iment, Batu Rabat, are, Malaya, in May. rent Row (left to it) —Pte. E. Raisevu, S. Nasikele, Sgt. N. asere, Pte. R. ito, Pte. S. lokimi. ack Row—Pte. S.

Pte. J. George, !pl. A. Ramanakiwai, S. Boila, Pte. Y. ion returns early next year it the lieutenants will repeat in /a, for the entertainment of tual friends, their delightful iments on this Oriental situation.

The Battalion’S Present

OFFICERS The following were the officers of the Fiji Battalion in Malaya, when it was visited by the Editor of PIM at the end of May:

Battalion Headquarters

Lt.-Col. H. J. G. Low, MC, Commanding Officer.

Maj. P. K. Ganilau, Bn. 2ic.

Capt. R. J. B. Ackland, Adjutant.

Capt. T. K. Galuvakadua, Chaplain Cl. IV.

Lt. A. L. Hansard, Bandmaster.

Lt, R. I. Launder, Int. Offr.

Headquarters Company

Haj. O. G. R. Edwards, OC.

Capt. W. D. Sorby, MTO.

Lt. W. Wood, Si". Oflfr.

Lt. B. C. Stevenson. OC Mor. PI.

Maj. A. J. Palmer, QM.

A COMPANY Maj. H M. McDonald, OC.

Lt. K. M. Tagivetaua, 2ic.

Lt. E. D. Levula, 1 PI. Comd.

Lt. J. N. Lotawa, 2 PI. Comd.

Lt. E. Toronibau, 3 PI. Comd.

B COMPANY Maj. H. W. R. Petersen, OC.

Capt. A. P. Keelan, 2ic.

Lt. E. N. Seniblci.

Lt. G. Komaisavai,, 4 PI. Comd.

Lt. R. I. Thorpe, 5 PI Comd.

Lt. J. W. R. Murphy, 6 PI. Comd.

C COMPANY Maj. J. R. George, OC.

Capt. S. R. McKeon, 2ic.

Lt. N. Lalabalavu, 7 PI. Comd.

Lt. I. L. N. Veikoso, 9 PI. Comd.

D COMPANY Maj. G. S. Mate, MC, MM, OC Capt. A. L. Masi, MC, 2ic, Lt. S. S. Momoivalu 10 PI. Comd.

Lt. L. L. Nasilivata. 11 PI. Comd.

Lt. S. W. R. Tarte, 12 PI. Comd. 73 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Lae Back on Direct Sydney Air Route QANTAS Sydney office announced early in July that DC4 aircraft on the Sydney-New Guinea service would resume the Port Moresby- Lae sector, discontinued last August when pilots held that Lae airport was unfit for aircraft larger than the DCS. Passengers for Lae have since transhipped at Port Moresby to DCS’s for that sector, while the Department of Civil Aviation has carried out work on the Lae airstrip.

Following pressure from Samarai residents, Qantas is instituting a better service with Catalinas, and will now make three return flights every four weeks instead of the present fortnightly service. Though thefortnightly service has been adequate for passengers it has meant a slow clearance of mails, with ship cargoes sometimes held in bond awaiting the mailed documents.

Tonga Seeks Loan of Hangman MURDER is so uncommon in Tonga that the Kingdom has suddenly had to start looking for a hangman.

On June 28, a Suva report stated that the Tongan Government was believed to be looking into the possibility of appointing a hangman, but in the meantime, with two executions of convicted murderers approaching, Nukualofa had asked about the feasibility of sending the hangman from Suva to Tonga by plane.

Fiji's hangman, incidentally, is a somewhat inaccessible person who lives away from Suva and journeys? to town when required—which is < seldom.

Tonga’s last execution was in j 1927, 74 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Territories Talk-Talk

By TOLALA, on board MV Bulolo. be AE 1 Browsing through a June, 1934, ;M I noticed where the TNG Rerned Soldiers had held their mual meeting and had decided to ect a war memorial; the location be that triangular section rdered by Mango Ave., St. George re. and Kamarere Street (opposite e old BP garage). This was a job, ifortunately, never completed ough the clock, I believe, arrived )m England before War 11. The teresting point, however, is the zt that according to the report, le memorial will particularly refer the crew of the AE 1, which dispeared so mysteriously in 1914.”

A.s far as I remember, there has ver been any attempt in TNG Dr anywhere else for that matter to commemorate that sad fatality, istralia’s first naval loss in War I, len the submarine AE 1, commded by Lieu t.-Commander sant, RN, together with a comjment of 35, mysteriously dispeared on September 14, 1914, ien bound for a patrol off Cape izelle.

Dver to the RSL with the sugstion that a suitable memorial ould be erected for these “fortten men.” >r the Record \ couple of months ago I made 'erence in these columns to the a-worshipper, Auguste Englehardt, d some of his disciples. Just to ep the record straight, the date Englehardt’s death was May, L 9. For some years prior to his ath he had been the sole adherent the faith he preached. Others, th the exception of one Bradtke, re sent back to the Vaterland by b German administration. quor Permits for Natives rhere is more than usual interest Port Moresby over the question granting “certain” indigenes the ht to consume alcoholic liquor. I aid find no single individual, 10m I questioned on the matter, favour of the measure; although e very tanned and somewhat szled person in the Snake Pit exsssed the view that all humans Duld drink if they wanted to, and the natives were human . . . and on. [ tapped a very fair cross-section the capital’s community. The )st naive reply I received was >m a Tolai lad —sophisticated to ; finger-tips—who remarked to ;, in his own vernacular: “To me is a matter of indifference. If rmits are issued I wouldn’t reve one, anyway. But I always t a drink when I want one.”

I met quite a few Tolai in the capital city and nearly all, on being asked how they liked Port Moresby as compared with Rabaul, wrinkled their noses in the approved discriminating manner and said Port Moresby was no good because there was no food. Nothing but r i ce every day; no yams, or taro, n 0 go od kaukaus. ! sympathised with them, but have my doubts as to whether they were being quite truthful in describing the situation. They knew me as hailing from Rabaul and a native always likes to tell you what he thinks you like to hear.

Samarai’s Foreshore Only last month, I mentioned the Samarai foreshore as I knew it in Days Belong Before, with its row of Specialist Houses that could have been erected by Chic Sale, Gone are those days without any doubt whatsoever, Samarai’s foreshore now—in the vicinity of the wharf, at any rate—is as fresh as paint and as neat as a new pin.

The island is so typically tropical and a delight to the eye Such a contrast to Moresby, which has the 75 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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Cable Address: “AUSALES, Auckland” ipearance of a North Queensland wn. rthday Honour At least one of the newly-created .ights in the Birthday Honours List had an association with T-NG for several years during the ’twenties.

I refer-to Sir Edwin McCarthy, who since 1949 has been Deputy High Commissioner for Australia in London. I mentioned him in a recent Talk-Talk. He was Officer-in-Charge of the Commonwealth Audit in Rabaul, taking over that office from Colonel Ling, who was in charge during part of the Military Occupation up there.

The Disappearing Upi Mention was made a few months School sports were held in Lae, NG, May 24, the three local schools [?]peting. Photos show: Acting Williams presenting a trophy; group of prize winners and, lower ht, some of the children who [?]peted. (Photos: Wan Jin Wah). 77 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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N.e.7. ago in PIM of the upi head-gear, worn by some of the Bougainville natives, which appears on the P-NG one-penny stamp.

Before War 11, young lads in certain parts of North Bougainville wore the upi hat for several years until they had passed through the initiation to manhood. Now, I hear, most of the villages which respected this custom have abolished the practice as a result of modern civilisation and mission pressure.

Only two villages remain which observe the upi, and these are hill villages in the Kunua district. The folk there stoutly refuse to abandon their old rites and customs and defy both government and mission influence.

There was a time when Administration policy was to encourage the preservation of native cultures, customs, rites and what-have-you, providing they did not violate or affect peace and good order or the laws of the land. But, apparently, that policy, with many others which are well-deserving, has been put into the discard. If the lads of Kunua want to remain uncivilised, let them do so. Posterity would then be able to see what a genuine Bougainville native is like.

Costumes Reversed There was a time when most of the native women in and around Port Moresby wore only a grass skirt, with no covering above the waist.

The Himalaya came into port while we were there and it struck me that fashions had been reversed.

European female tourists for the most part, had most revealing tops to their sun-suits (or whatever they may be called), while the Moresby maidens were well covered from neck to knee, some of them even sporting the old-fashioned Mother Hubbards. Likewise with the male species. Europeans walked the streets clad only in shorts and sandshoes, while native males were fashionably attired in shirts, shorts, ties, long white stockings and shoes. 78 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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The Administrator of Papua and New Guinea, will have to remain an Administrator (and not a High Commissioner); the question of liquor permits for natives is still undecided; and an appropriation of £5,345,000 will enable the Administration to carry on its business into the new financial year.

IHESE—and a number of other matters —concerned the Papua and New Guinea Legislative uncil when it met in Moresby June 27.

VEr. Malcolm L. McColm, MHR, lo was on a visit to the Territory, ,s present at the opening and s provided with a seat on the or of the Council.

3Igh Commissioner—Out

Dne of the first items of business s a statement made by the Preent of the Council that the mmonwealth Government “does t propose to make any change the title of the Head of the ministration.” rhis statement follows on a ition which was carried at the irch session (by a vote of 20 to that the title of the Head of the ministration should be that of ?h Commissioner entitled to the irtesy, “His Excellency,” instead Administrator, which is away vn the list of precedence in a lineof heads of other Pacific Islands ritories. Mr. E. A. James proposed ; change in title originally. important measure, more or 3 a machinery Bill, introduced by . Watkins (Acting Secretary for w) abolished the Department of ; Government Secretary and also i Department of District Services 1 Native Affairs and created the partment of Civil Affairs and the partment of Native Affairs. 7he re-organisation comes into ce on July 1, 1955, and affects le fifty Ordinances and many There was no debate this Bill.

Liquor Bill

)ebate on the Native Liquor Bill 3 resumed where it left, off at March 25 meeting. The principal kesman was Father Dwyer, \mo i absent from the previous debate. le supported the Bill, in principle, 1 urged that permits to drink be nted for six months only, as a bationary measure. He proposed t the Consents Board include a i-official Member of the Council as the chief objectors to the measure were Non-Official Members.

The Rev. D. E. Ure said that the Bill should not be passed by a small majority. It was a difficult problem in that the Council was called upon to legislate for people in the stoneage as well as for natives who have reached a stage where they are entering the Public Service. Mr.

Ure moved that a Select Committee be appointed to consider the Bill.

The following members were appointed to the Select Committee: the Rev. D. Ure, the Rev. J. Dwyer, Dr. J. Gunther, Messrs. J. K.

McCarthy and T. Grahamslaw.

At the meeting on the following day, Dr. Gunther asked leave to resign from the Committee and Mr.

R. Bunting was appointed in his place.

Dr. Gunther, in withdrawing from 79 ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Committee, said that his views the subject were well-known (he eves that liquor permits should issued to approved natives) and t no good puTpose would be ieved by his becoming a member the Committee. Any professional iwledge he has will be available it.

Finance—“Not The

Foggiest Notion. . .”

ine other Bills were presented ing the session, including the iply Bill, authorising the Admination to issue out of public ;nue a sum totalling £5,345,000 to en ab 1 e the Administration to function until the budget is brought down later this year.

There was considerable debate on this bill from private members. Mr.

James said that, in his opinion, it was useless for matters of finance to be discussed in the Council. So far as non-official members were concerned, they “hadn’t the foggiest notion what is the basis for collection of revenue for the next year . . . nor the basis of expenditure for which this Supply is in part raised.”

Mr. James said that the Administration’s “three year development plan” was the most important fact ever considered in the development of the Territory—yet the Council had no knowledge what was to be included in the plan, nor would it have any say in what was to be included until, in fact, the plan was passed and it was quite impossible to alter it.

On the adjournment, Mr. Barrett and Mr. James spoke on matters of public interest affecting privileges for Asiatic people in the Territory and the publication of the Annual Reports of Papua and New Guinea Territories.

On the afternoon of June 28, Council adjourned until the Thursday morning. (On Wednesday morning the tourist ship Himalaya arrived in port.) Brighouse-MacKenzie Wedding at Apia Photographed at the breakfast at the Catholic Club, Apia, after the marriage of Genevieve, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Mackenzie, and Leslie Donald, son of Mrs. and the late T. W. Brighouse, are (left to right) Mrs. Brighouse, Sr., the bridal couple, and Mrs. and Mackenzie. Miss Alice Mackenzie was bridesmaid, Mr. Robert Wetzell best man and Mr.

If keil groomsman.

Photo by R. F. Rankin. 81 C,FI < ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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II Miss Anne Williams, latest of the British Council’s guests from Fiji to visit the United Kingdom, left by plane on July 10 to connect with a Sydney-London ship. Every year the British Council selects as Visitor a Fijian, Indian or European who hau consistently given leisure time U community work. Miss Williams ii widely known for her work for th« Girl Guides and for Methodise Church organisations at Suva. 82 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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The wisdom of the formation of the South Pacific Commission had jeen demonstrated repeatedly, said the Secretary-General (Dr. Ralph Sedell) when opening the seventh meeting of the Research Council at Noumea on June 20. 0 other international cooperative body had at its disposal more valid advice than t provided by the Research incil in its first six sessions, Dr. [ell said. rhe South Pacific Commission is ost unique in the world in its vision for and reliance on the outie of interpretations of scientific eavours formulated by research ntists,” he added, ighteen experts from the six nber-nations of the Commission nded the 10 days’ session. Mr.

C. Groves, Director of Educa- . in Papua-New Guinea, was ted chairman. bservers from three United ions Specialist organisations O, UNESCO and WHO) and the tralian National University were :omed by the Secretary-General, ibjects on the agenda included fisheries, coconut and rice indies of the Pacific: the intro- :ion of plants for improved agriure; the development of atolls; >ical school and dispensary de- ; control of pests and diseases igriculture, especially the rhino- ►s beetle: assessment and imrement of nutritional standards; ;rol of filariasis and malaria; iperative societies; promotion of •ature for Islands people; and use of visual aids in health and national work.

IE Commission’s Executive Officer for Health (Dr. Emile Massal) said at the opening meeting that Commission was collaborating jasingly with other international health organisations, le Williams Waterman Fund of Research Corporation, New c, has awarded 8,000 dollars he Commission to enable vitaassays to be made on Island s. (Miss Yvonne Macfarlane, a Zealand biochemist with Lonexperience, is now at Noumea vitamin studies in the Cornion’s food analysis laboratory).

Massal said that WHO will 1 its health education adviser, Lynford Keyes, to the Islands year in connection with the [mission’s programme, le School of Public Health and )ical Medicine, Sydney, had q the services of Dr. Black, se malaria research for the Comion was ready for review by the larch Council. ose collaboration existed bein the Commission and the torial administrations through :h the results of Commission k would be used.

THE deputy-chairman (Dr. Eric Ojala) said that although some development of industry in all South Pacific territories was desirable and inevitable, most people in the Islands would live for many years in rural societies which must achieve better living standards largely through improved agricultural production.

“Where agricultural resources are good and high-priced cash crops can be introduced, economic progress may be rapid without much diversion of labour to industry,” Dr.

Ojala said.

“Transport and trade facilities in rural areas are indispensable.

Speedier development of commercial agriculture in the village systems will pose social problems of custom, culture-change and fundamental education, as well as nutritional problems.

“The South Pacific Commission and the Research Council have an important role to play in helping administrations to meet these problems.” (Continued on Pag« 85) 83 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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R. ALEX KROON, Executive Officer for Economic Development, said that the South :ific provided an almost untapped rce of wealth in fish, shells and ale algae.

Fish-farming in ponds seems to a promising development for the mds,” he said. “A fishpond in tropics under native manageat usually produces more fish n a fishpond in Europe under opean management.” he Commission’s Fisheries Officer '. H. van Pel) had visited many nds and found the Islanders ly interested in the idea of fishning. A fishpond had been iblished in Rarotonga with pia fry from Fiji during Mr. van s visit. uring its session the Research incil discussed the report prebed to the Commission by the ntists who met at Canberra in 7 for consultations on plant colion and introduction, he report covered the possible fiopment of a long-term regional it introduction programme coming (1) Evaluation and improveit of indigenous and introduced lomic and subsistence plants; (2) eductions from outside the on; (3) Plant exploration; (4) T-territorial movement of plantmaterial.

Delegates To The Seventh

MEETING EMBERS of the Research Council and observers who attended the session were: M. —Dr. J. E. Kennedy, Medical Director, Guam.

NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA.—Dr. J.

Bierdrager, Director of Public Health; Dr. H. Kroeskamp, Director of Cultural Affairs; Dr. A. Perk, Director of Economic Affairs.

PAPUA-NEW GUINEA.—Mr. W. C. Groves.

Director of Education; Dr. R. F. R.

Scragg, Asst. Director (Hygiene), Department of Public Health.

CANBERRA.—Mr. J. E. Willoughby, Asst.

Secretary, Industries and Commerce Division, Department of Territories.

NEW CALEDONIA.—Dr. F. Bugnicourt, Director of the French Oceania Institute: Monsieur J. C. R. Guiart, Ethnologist, French Oceania Institute, Noumea.

FIJI.—Dr. L G. Poole, Deputy Director of Medical Services; Mr. B. E. V. Parham.

Deputy Director of Agriculture; Mr. G.

K. Roth, Secretary for Fijian Affairs.

COOK ISLANDS.—Mr. W. N. A. Allison, Director of Education.

WESTERN SAMOA.—Dr. T. C. Lonie.

Director of Health; Mr. D. R. A. Eden, General Manager, New Zealand Reparation Estates.

AMERICAN SAMOA—Mr. John Cool, Samoan Affairs Officer.

FRENCH OCEANIA. Lieut. - Colonel Boussier, Director of Health Services.

WASHINGTON.—Dr. H. J. Coolidge, Executive Director, Pacific Science Board.

Observers at the meeting were: UNESCO, Mr. H M. Phillips; WHO, Manila. Dr. F. J. Dy, Malaria Adviser: FAO, Bangkok. Dr. Cecil Miles, Regional Fisheries Officer and Secretary of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council; Australian National University, Professor O. H. K.

Spate, Acting Dean, Research School of Pacific Studies.

If Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Rondahl, formerly well known in New Guinea, were bound for Europe aboard the Messageries Maritimes liner Tahitien in July.

New Qantas Chief MR. CEDRIC TURNER has been appointed Chief Executive of Qantas Empire Airways in succession to Sir Hudson Fysh.

Sir Hudson, who has been managing director for 32 years, continues as chairman of the board.

Mr. Turner has been a senior executive for 20 years and was appointed general manager in 1951. 85 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—JULY, 1955

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Telegraphic Address: “DONALD, PAPEETE.”

General Merchants (Wholesale & Retail) & Shipowners Importers Cr Exporters Branches Throughout the Marquesas Islands ASSOCIATE HOUSES: A. B. Donald, Ltd., Auckland, N.Z.; A. B. Donald Ltd Rarotonga, Cook Is.; Dominion Fruit Co., Suva, Fiji.

Lloyd’s Agents.

Booking and Handling Agents for Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd.

Agents and Distributors for: FRANCE: Hennessy Cognacs; Marie Brlzard & Roger Liqueurs; Charles Heldsleck Champagnes: Gruber Beer.

NEW ZEALAND: Vacuum Oil Co. (N.Z.), Ltd., Petroleum Products.

SWEDEN: Hjorth & Co.. Primus Stoves; Elektrolux Refrigerators & Motors.

GERMANY: Breckwoldt & Co., Hamburg; Beck’s Beer, Bremen.

Sydney Agents: BURNS, PHILP & CO.

Philp Co. Op San Francisco, Inc. ’

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APIA, Western Samoa.

P.O. Box 47 VOLKSWAGEN Cars—Pick-ups GRUNDIG Radios REPRESENTING Breckwoldt & Co., Hamburg, Germany.

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Passengers New Guinea-bound in June H Flight-Lieutenant D. P. G. McCaii son of Mr. D. F. McCaig, Superir tendent of Prisons, Fiji, has bee awarded the Air Force Cross. Flight Lieutenant McCaig served as a RAF fighter pilot in the Secor World War. He rejoined seven years ago and is now stationed i Cyprus.

Passengers bound for New Guinea per "Bulolo" in June included (upper), Mr. Gordon Thomas (PIM's "Tolala") and Mrs. Thomas, who were making the round trip. It was just 50 years since Mrs. Thomas first went to live in New Guinea. Lower: Mr. F. B. Godson of Orchinumu, Papua, returning from a periodic visit south, was farewelled by Dr. Andrew Ungar. 86 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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ANNED GRATION Gilbertese Go to Gizo IE first wave of a planned migration of 120 Gilbertese n their overcrowded home nds to Gizo, Western Solois, will take place before the of this year. ie first wave of 30 adults, mostly ~ will establish gardens and porary houses. Nine months r, 48 settlers will arrive; and i months after them the reader of the 120 to make a anced community of men, ten and children.” to the government sment on the migration, Gizo ad was selected “after full conration of all the factors in- -3d.” The Government statement on: ’here is ample Crown Land lable both for the present me and for its extension later ie settlement proves successful, areas selected are on the same id as the administrative headters of the Western District and be under the close supervision he District Commissioner and staff. The village sites have [uate water supplies nearby and comparatively free from mos- Des. The settlers, who come i a non-malarial area, will be n prophylactic doses of antiirial drugs.

'here are sufficient planted cocoavailable to meet the immedirequirements of the settlers, groves will be planted and old es rehabilitated in order to prothem at a later date with a income from copra production, cultural land will be sufficient the settlers’ needs and fish is tiful. Casual and regular eminent are available to the ers nearby at Gizo Station.” izo is a very tiny island, and the Solomons, this and adjacent ids are reasonably well popui. It seems extraordinary, therethat the migrants are to be ded into it when there is so ti unused land elsewhere in the ip. i the other hand—the settlet will be under the benevolent of Administration and will conently have some advantages a settlement abandoned to the tion of some of the bigger ids. igadier H. Flaxman, retiring i his post as British Resident missioner in the New Hebrides, rted for Europe aboard the >ageries liner Tahitien late

International Meeting

Of Nurses In Fiji

FORTY -TWO nurses from 20 countries in the western Pacific, New Zealand, Australia and south-east Asia are at Suva for a public health nurses’ seminar in session from July 4 to July 28.

Fiji has contributed eight delegates to the seminar, which has been organised by the World Health Organisation.

Nurses from Korea, Japan, Sarawak, Brunei, Hongkong, Singapore, Malaya, Vietnam, Guam, the Philippines, Formosa, Papua-New Guinea and the Caroline Islands linked up with the Australian delegation at Sydney for the flight to Fiji. in 1953, is Miss Nora Conway, a tutor sister at the Singapore General Hospital, Miss Joyce Jones, of the European Hospital, Port Moresby, is representing Papua-New Guinea, Subjects for discussion include the basic education of nurses, with particular reference to clinical nursing practice; the relationship of hospital and nursing services administration to educational programmes for nurses; the preparation of nurses’, doctors’ and other post-graduate programmes and the relation of such programmes to Klie requirements of a health service of a country, and the preparation of auxiliary nurses and midwives. 87 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Cardinal Gilroy Makes

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ARDINAL Gilroy, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, arrived at Nadi Airport, Fiji, on June in the course of a visit to Fiji, iga, Samoa and Futuna. He was Fiji until June 25. ‘ijian ceremonies of welcome •e performed at Lautoka, Suva, mka and Taveuni, and Cardinal Gilroy met Fijian Chiefs at Nausori.

A Liturgical Reception at Sacred Heart Cathedral, Suva, was broadcast.

While in western Viti Levu, the Cardinal, at the invitation of the Acting Governor (Mr. A. F. R.

Stoddart), stayed at the Governor’s Bure, Lautoka, and at Suva he dined at Government House.

From Lautoka Cardinal Gilroy made a private trip to Vatukoula and Ba. He flew from Suva to Levuka and Makogai in an RNZAF flying-boat.

At Wairiki, Taveuni, Cardinal Gilroy blessed the foundation stone of a new parish hall, and before leaving Suva on June 25 he laid a wreath at the Colonial War Cardinal Gilroy takes Kava at Nausori Airport, Fiji. (Caines photo). 89 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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D 09317 morial Hospital. n Samoa, Cardinal Gilroy was attend the celebration of the ien jubilee of the ordination of hop Darnand, former Vicar jstolic of Western Samoa. leneral de I’Armee Augustin illaume, Inspector of the French ned Services and former French lident in Morocco, visited New edonia and Tahiti in early July the course of a tour which inied New Zealand and Australia.

New Awards To Men

Of Fiji'S Battalion

FURTHER awards to officers and men serving with the Ist Battalion, Fiji Infantry Regiment, in Malaya were announced in June as follows: Distinguished Service Order, Lieutenant-Colonel H. J. G. Low, MC, New Zealand Regiment.

Military Cross, Lieutenant K. M.

Tagivetaua, FIR.

Military Medal, Sergeant Rupeni Navakasai, FIR, Mentioned in Dispatches, Major J. George, Major A. Levodua, Corporal Jese Delana, Corporal Semi Drecala, Corporal Kelepi Dainaki, all FIR.

Private Varauni Seru has been awarded a certificate by the Commander of the Far East Land Forces for devotion to duty and soldierly example.

Passengers in "Malaita" on her June northbound voyage included (left to right) noted naturalist and author, Mr. Charles Barrett, and s. Barrett, who went north to visit their son in Rabaul. Mr. and Mrs. R. Brook, who went to join the staff of the Melanesian Mission Ugi, Solomons. Mr. G. W. Speirs, prominent Griffith, NSW, rice grower, who, with Mrs. Speirs, journeyed to New Guinea to visit rice wing areas there. 91 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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C. SULLIVAN (PACIFIC ISLANDS) LTD., SUVA, FIJI. iss H. Parham and Mr. Kirpa i Jaggu, Suva members of the John Ambulance Brigade, were lented with Service Medals of Order of St. John of Jerusalem the Acting Governor (Mr. r . R. Stoddart) after a St. John rch parade at Holy Trinity aedral on June 25. [?]lolo's" June Passengers [?]ssengers bound for New Guinea per [?]olo" in June included, left to right: Mr.

Mrs. W. Cottrell-Dormer, who were returnto Samarai after four months leave. Mr. ell-Dormer is Regional Agricultural Officer The Rev. K. Osborne, who was fare- [?]d in Sydney by Miss J. Clarke when he to join the Australian Baptist Foreign on's station at Baiyer River, NG. Mr.

Mrs. W. H. Wallace, who were on a business to New Guinea. Mr. Wallace is a repretive of W. C. Penfold & Co., of Sydney. 93 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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NOW 77 YEARS OLD IT is an interesting coincidence that, as PIM celebrates its 25th birthday, the well-known Australian firm of ship chandlers and hardware merchants, Messrs. W.

Kopsen and Co. Pty. Ltd., celebrate their 77th year of business in Australia and the Pacific.

Mr. William Kopsen arrived from Sweden and commenced business in Suva in 1878. He opened a shipchandlery establishment, and for some years carried on this organisation in both Suva and Levuka.

In company with a friend, he eventually purchased a sailing vessel called Falls of Garry and shipped a cargo of copra to England. Ship and cargo were sold in the estuary of London at Gravesend, and Mr.

Kopsen then returned to Suva, sold out his interests in Fiji and opened a similar business in Sydney.

For many years this business carried on, importing ship chandlery from England and Sweden, until he died in 1930. His son, Mr. Kyle Kopsen, has managed the business ever since; and to-day it has grown to a substantial organisation, with large warehouse and office buildings in Kent Street, During the last 70 years, Kopsens have supplied very large quantities of goods to traders throughout the Pacific—in fact, the growth of the Company has been on a para! with the growth of the business the Pacific Islands. Scarcely Islands ship leaves Sydney that d( not carry some Kopsen cargo fn Sydney for friends in the Tei 94 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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... for Stamina and Performance All enquiries to: HARRY J. YOUNG PTY. LTD. 379 KENT STREET, SYDNEY Phone: BX 6487. Box 3661, G.P.0., Sydney. es. Regular visits now are made representatives of the Company, wherever marine equipment is fired the Kopsen name is held esteem. imes have changed since Mr. [iam Kopsen founded the busi- ;in Sydney 77 years ago. In ;e days the store would be filled i heavy canvas, tarred rope and >tan bars. To-day most of those iguing things have disappeared, im being the only article of that s which appears still in a modern e. To-day, high-powered diesel nes, chrome-plated boat fittings modern life-saving appliances 3 taken their places, opsen's association with PIM continuous since the first of issue. [?]ME OF THE WERE TO The Sixty-Five Questions 0771 Gordon Thomas, in Port Moresby lADS of Administration departnents had a headache on the second day of the June session :he P-NG Legislative Council i they were faced with a list ixty-five questions from Nonial Members. •. G. Whittaker, the Member for nainland, had the highest score 52 questions, most of them the t of a tour he had recently 3 and his observations during tour. Questions dealt with > as far apart as Mount Hagen Angoram. e Assistant Administrator (Mr. jn), to whom most of the ies were addressed, was more equal to the occasion and his training in officialese enabled to fob off any particularly curly : An answer would not be in rd with government policy; it not intended to do this or that; lates were not available; exiture could not be considered ie present as other matters held ?her priority. ny of the questions put forward deferred until the next Dn.

Barrett, who asked a mere i questions, was told by the ig Director of District Services figures concerning the operaof co-operatives (the question erned the amount of salaries allowances paid to employees :he societies in the Gazelle nsula) were private business could not be divulged. He did, iver, state that the tonnage of i passing through the societies he past year had amounted to tons, valued at £67,803. The 3 of consumer goods, he said, not available as it would be a “breach of confidence” to divulge the figures.

One question, asked by Mr.

Whittaker, was whether it was a fact there had been 14 different Officersin-Charge of District Services at Angoran in the past 12 months. The reply, given by Mr. J. K. McCarthy, as Acting Director of District Services, was that there had been only four during that period, and transfers were not effected unless there were good reasons.

Mrs. Booth’s one question related to the Wau High School. “In view of past promises,” she said, “when is it anticipated that a start will be made on the Wau High School?”

Said Mr. Wilson: “The matter is under consideration but for a variety of reasons it has not been started.”

The sixty-five dollar question has not as yet been asked; nor has mention been made in any of the debates: What will happen to the Copra Marketing Board when the MOF contract expires in 1957?

It would seem that the majority of planters desire the present setup to continue, although there are a few who, on principle, want private enterprise to control the Board. Rumour has it that the Minister supports the minority.

Time will tell.

If Mr. Maile Tonga, Private Secretary to Queen Salote, returned to Nukualofa with his wife and daughter on May 31 after vacation leave in New Zealand. 95 DIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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SYDNEY Market changes, June-July Copra steady. Cocoa, Accra up £Stg. 7 h; NG, down £A7i. Coffee, Gold Coast up £Stg.24; NG up 9d-l/per lb. Rubber, Singapore up 28 cents; London up 7d lb. Vanilla, down 17/- lb on March in Papeete.

MOP, Tahiti, £A1,015 per long ton f.o.b. Papeete; Rarotonga, £360 f.o.b.

Trochus, down £5 in Sydney; Noumea paying producers £A357 metric ton.

Greensnail, down £lO in Sydney. t When the lights were restored in a Suva wharf shed after a temporary failure, a mysterious gap was observed in a stack of beer cartons. In the early hours of the morning a ship’s officer, inspecting a hold not being worked, discovered three wharf workers plus a number of empty beer bottles. Subsequently one of the three was gaoled for nine months, another for three months, and the third—a late-comer to the party—was fined 5/- for receiving a bottle knowing it to have been stolen, and 5/- for drinking without a liquor permit. t A Progress Association has bee: formed at Norfolk Island, and it likely that some of its member will be candidates at the July elec tions for the Advisory Council. t Norfolk Island’s tourist trad, (mainly from New Zealand) wr patchy in the early months of th year. There are substantial book ings for the winter, however, an 'accommodation has been great!; improved. The new Guesthous Ordinance prevents overcrowding. 96 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Pacific Islands

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Sole Agents in Papua-New Guinea for B.S.A. Bicycles.

Uropeans Giving Up

Nc Coffee Industry

From Our Noumea Correspondent L/fORE Europeans in New fl Caledonia are giving up their coffee plantations to Javanese r native planters.

Javanese get the plantations on a isis of two-thirds of the crop for lemselves and one-third for the uropean landowners.

For the native planters things are Dt quite so good, the division being 1-50.

In 1954, the value of coffee exports as 10 pc higher than in 1953. This Dwever, was due to higher prices ither than to increased production.

Nearly half the output came from native producers.

Of the 1850 tons (approximately) produced, 1,336 tons was Robusta and 522 Arabica. The price for Robusta was 70 francs a kilogram and for Arabica 90 francs. These high prices were due mainly to crop failures in other producing countries, notably South America.

Although New Caledonia’s coffee had a reputation for high quality, the standard is slipping. Recently the return on an acreage basis has not been good Among travellers to Papua-New Guinea from Sydney per "Bulolo" in June were (left to right): Mrs. J. M. Graham of Sydney, who was farewelled by members of her family as the left to visit her son, Mr. C. G. Graham of Steamships Trading Co., Samarai. Miss J. Pennefather, of Tokua Plantation, Kokopo, NB, who was seen off by Mr. J. Houstan and Mr. J. Swilk.

Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Ainsworth, who returned to Lae after leave. Mr. Ainsworth is attached to Department of Works there. 97 VCIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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These inbuilt visual ball indicators 30-32 Wentworth Avenue, Sydney, N.S.W. Phone MA 6551. sho ” clearlv and ins,an,ly ,he s,a,e of charge of the battery at all times. in the Asaro valley—some in scattered farmhouses or farming hamlets.

After the discovery of each of these Highlands folk, from the Leahys to the “hidden valleys” of 1954, all have been hailed by the world’s press as “superior, tall, light-skinned” people. That they are more intelligent than the lowlanders has yet to be proved—in fact, many exasperated employers of Chimbu labour would be pleased to testify to the contrary.

As for the rest —take a Highlander to the coast, dress him in a lap-lap, cut his hair and set him to work cutting copra and he certainly looks no taller, lighter-skinned —or more superior—than his coastal cousin.

However, in his Highlands he can look a very colourful creature, affecting plumes, shells, paint, wigs, flowers and other ornaments as his custom moves him.

AT the end of March, 1933, Mick Leahy was joined by his young brother, Dan, and by James Taylor, of the Administration, and Ken Spinks, a surveyor. Together, with their carriers and some policeboys, they started west.

They stayed out until August of that year, traversed the whole series of valleys and climbed Mt.

Hagen. In all these operations they were assisted by planes—the first job at any base camp was to construct a primitive landing ground.

In the end, the Leahys found gold—not an Edie Creek or a dredging proposition but enough for themselves —not far from Danny’s present homestead at Kuta, about seven miles from Hagen. In about September of the same year, Taylor opened a patrol-post at Hagen. By October, 1933, the Catholic mission had followed the trail-blazers as far as present Nondugl; by early 1934 they were established at Mt. Hagen with the Lutherans following soon afterwards to establish themselves at Ogelbeng.

When Taylor went on leave in 1934, the patrol-post at Mt. Hagen was abandoned and was not resumed until 1937. The centre for government was established further along the valley to the east, and around Mt. Hagen, the Leahys and the missionaries maintained their own law and order.

Other prospectors followed the Leahys in and one, McGrath, was killed not far from Bena Bena.

Some months later, in December of 1934, Fr. C. Morschheuser was murdered by natives in the Chimbu j country and only a few days later,, Brother Eugene, another Catholic; missionary, was speared in the same* country and later died at Salamaua,, on the coast.

As a direct consequence of these i murders, the whole Highlands areas i were sealed off, and with the exception of the Leahy brothers who were permitted to go in to work: their claim near Mt. Hagen, some missionaries and the few Administration officers, most of the Highlands saw little or nothing of Europeans until after the War.

BETWEEN March, 1938, and June, 1939, Taylor, together with Patrol Officer J. R. Black, and Medical Assistant C. B. Walsh, undertook a patrol from Mt. Hagen westward —his job primarily concerned with the headwaters country of the great rivers, Sepik and Fly, and in the course of the patrol Tele-1 fomin was visited.

This exploration, except in its eastern limits, does not concern the areas now included in the three Highlands Districts. But parts of his report are interesting because in it he maps out what he feels will be the future of the Highlands area, and much of this has already; come to pass.

He states: “Much of the area between Mt. Hagen and the head-j waters of the Sepik are too mountainous for white settlement,' 98 JULY, 195 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY Over the Divide and into the Highlands (Continued from page 23)

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Sole Agents: C Sullivan (Export) Pty. ltd. 379 KENT STREET, SYDNEY Cable: "Chasull", Sydney. Phone BX 6381 (6 lines). jut there are areas, however, which nay be suitable for growing tea and jyrethrum and other products and ;here is a tremendous reserve of vater power which in the future vill enable great industrial developnent. The interior should, however, »e considered as a whole —that is, he plateau country from the Mark- -lam River to Mt. Hagen and the hitch border.

“The eastern half is the more uitable for European development -at least in the first instance —and diat most likely will happen is that rhen we establish industries in the astern area, people will come from be western side to work there and 3 gain experience. . . . Firstly, there ill be native development; secondly, luropean development. The native ill grow in addition to his ordinary Dods, quinine, coffee, soya beans, nd European vegetables. He will also lise pigs. . . and work on Euroean plantations and some may ork the numerous poor gold-bearig streams for their own benefit.

“Europeans will grow quinine, Dffee, tea, pyrethrum and Eurojan vegetables to supply the people ving on the coast and lowlands, hey will raise cattle, not after the ustralian and American pattern, it in a smaller way as in the more osely settled European countries, iere will also be dairying,”

Mr. Taylor, now retired from the overnment, is settled on his holdg outside Goroka growing coffee id vegetables and putting into ality the dream of 15 years ago.

In his report, Taylor lists also e previous expeditions that had iversed the country of the headiters of the great rivers—Karius id Champion, the Fox brothers, e Ward Williams mining expedi- •n, the German expedition under hrmann in 1914 —all of whom, of arse, approached this area of the stern Highlands boundary, not >m within the Highlands but from thout.

War had small effect on the Highids —Australian military patrols nt in and out, the Mt. Hagen strip was used by the Americans d they had a rest camp nearby, r a few years after the war, Mt. gen was the administrative itre, then came division in the stern and Western District and ; decision to allow European tlement on land surplus to the uirements of the natives. r rom that point the Highlands te leaped ahead—they would leap ot further and much quicker if ny worthy intending settlers 'e not frustrated and hamstrung the slow unravelling of the tape that ties up much of the d. . . but that is another story i has no place here, n the last 25 years, the Eurons, in relation to the Highlands, r e had to learn patience, while natives have learned peace, ereas in 1933, none but the ssly foolhardy layman or jsionary—w en t unarmed, now the once treacherous Highlander has laid aside his bow and spears and competes with his European neighbour in growing passionfruit and corn and cabbages.

Circumstances can usually be relied upon to produce the man—and this has certainly been so in New Guinea. Perhaps in Africa there are men like these but not in the rest of the South Seas: Australian bushmen—plus something else.

Men with courage, sense of adventure, an instinct for bush craft; men with ability to plan and think ahead; able to appreciate the odds and counter them. Men with a gift for handling natives.

Circumstances produced these trail-blazers and now are producing the men to settle into a new concept of tropical living and farming on the roof of New Guinea.

If A son was born to Mr. and Mrs.

Tony Aldridge, of the Cook Islands, on May 17 last. The child has been: christened Roger Peter. t NZ Reparations Estates, Western Samoa, have bought eight Hereford bulls, eight Poll Hereford bulls and two Aberdeen Angus bulls in the Dominion. Because of restricted cargo space in the Island ships, only three bulls can be shipped by each trip, but all were expected to be in Samoa around about the end of June. 99 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Ferguson Tractors (Exp.) Ltd.

Hercules Cycle Gr Motor Co. Ltd.

A. J. Caley Gr Sons (Confectionery) .

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RABAUL Current News Items From Our Correspondents In Papua-New Guinea

Port Moresby Buses

The Papua-New Guinea Adminstration has turned down a sugestion by the Port Moresby Adisory Council that Administration uses should be available to Euroeans only.

The Administrator (Brigadier » M. Cleland) said in June that le bus service is not restricted to se by any particular section of the immunity. All passengers, however, lust conform to accepted standards f dress, conduct and cleanliness.

A recently-appointed bus inspector ensuring that all persons traveling in the buses meet the customary jquirements.

[Alaria Campaign Stepped

UP Fourteen new posts—a Malaria ontrol Officer and 13 Malaria ontrol Assistants have been eated in the Papua-New Guinea ealth Department, and applicaans for 11 of the positions were died for in June.

Malaria is the most serious health •oblem in the Territory. The irector of Health (Dr. John unther) has reported that if it sre eradicated, infant mortality ight be halved and the expectam of life doubled. These changes could lead to the possible doubling of the population in 15 years.

Education and the awakening of a desire for community control are the basis of anti-malaria policy.

There is already a Malaria School at Minj, in the Western Highlands, which provides courses for health officers and native affairs officers.

Recent research suggests that residual spraying, previously thought to be ineffective, will be successful.

Further departmental proposals include the appointment of a medical specialist as Malariologist.

Land Valuation In

HIGHLANDS The Eastern Highlands District Advisory Council, at a meeting at Goroka, on June 3, decided to advise the Administrator that the “introduction of the new land system and attendant publicity has already resulted in misleading overvaluation of land.”

Members said that the difficulty of obtaining exactly “adjoining land” for extensions had added to the problems of existing settlers and suggested that “adjoining” should be stretched to mean “within five miles.”

It was claimed that “pressure by the Administration to get land under the new system could become dangerous because there is a vast difference in the native mind between a land inquiry by a private individual and a land inquiry by an Administration officer.”

The council “does not consider that many more areas of land can be offered to new settlers until road extensions are financed to reach 101 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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The resolution embodying these views was moved by Mr. G. Greathead. During the council discussion, he said: ‘‘We were fighting for a genuine recognition of native land rights, which must extend to the right to choose their European neighbours. I do not believe the land team purchase system protects native rights sufficiently.”

Highlands Roads

Because the Eastern Highlands district has no sea approaches and no inland waterways and is consequently dependant on roads, the Advisory Council has asked the Lieutenant-Colonel Baldwin, of the PIR, Port Moresby, presenting the winning trophy to G.

Neil at the Rifle Club dinner at Moresby Hotel on June 13. G. Neil, captain of the Port Moresby Rifle Club, won the championship and the South Pacific Post Trophy after two days' consistent shooting in the first post-war inter- Territory rifle meeting, which was held on the Murray Barracks Rifle Range, Port Moresby.

Riflemen from Lae, Madang and Port Moresby competed in six matches for prize money and trophies to the approximate value of £200.

Photo by Papuan Prints. 102 JULY, 1 955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Administrator for priority in the allocation of road funds.

It is pointed out that although air services are available, they are largely used for imports and exports. The agricultural areas are not served because airfields cannot be constructed on the terrain.

At the council’s June meeting at Goroka, Father A. Schaefer said that it was essential to have good roads for the transport of native produce.

The chairman (Mr. I. F. G.

Downs) said: “One of the most gratifying sights is the bags of native produce left along the main road to be picked up by Europeans, md it is a graphic illustration of vhat a road can do for a backward Deople.”

Land Alienation

When the Eastern Highlands Advisory Council was discussing and problems, Mr. G. Greathead questioned statements by the Minister of Territories and the Director of Lands to the effect that plenty of land was available.

“There is certainly not plenty of land,” Mr. Greathead said. “We have attacked the principle of alienation of large areas and the prevention of the native owner choosing the settler.

“Unfortunately, we have been included in a Territorial scheme of land alienation which does not fit the dense native population of this particular district.

“I think the statement that there is plenty of land available is misleading and dangerous. . .Any further land that could come within the category of being available for alienation should be reserved for settlers at present in the area.”

Meanwhile, in Port Moresby, the Administration announced that eight blocks would be put up for tender in the Minj and Mount Hagen areas of the Highlands.

The blocks range in size from 131 acres to 273 acres and all are said to be suitable for the cultivation of highland crops.

Applications closed with the Minister of Lands, Port Moresby, on June 25.

Goroka Telephones

The Eastern Highlands District Advisory Council has proposed that telephone services based on the Goroka exchange “should be extended to those farms within an eight miles’ radius of Goroka not Mr. and Mrs. Robert Cleland returning to vernment House, Port Moresby, after their dding at St. John's Church on June 14. e bride was formerly Miss Julie Kessel, of w Norfolk, Tasmania. Mr. Cleland, a Patrol icer in the Eastern Highlands, is the elder [?] of the Administrator (Brigadier D. M. land) and Mrs. Cleland.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Homesick Islanders Back

AT BAM Since the Bam Islanders were vacuated after a volcanic eruption n November, their physical and isychological condition has steadily leteriorated. They are now to be llowed to go home.

After the eruption, more than 400 slanders were taken from Bam one of the little Schouten Islands etween Manus and the New Guinea lainland), and were established in tie Bogia area.

In June, however, the Adminisration stated that “it is clear that s an island people they cannot lake a satisfactory readjustment to lainland environment.”

Fourteen deaths have occurred nee the evacuation, at least some : them being due to changed conations and weakened resistance iniced by homesickness.

Since February the 422 Bam Jople have twice petitioned the dministrator to allow them to reirn to their island, stating that icy were sick and feared that more iuld die if they had to remain on ie mainland.

New arrangements include the irmanent posting of a District irvices officer at Bam and the prosi o n of sufficient canoes to svacuate the entire population in the event of a major emergency.

Health and Agricultural Officers will stay at Bam until the community is fully re-established.

On June 3, an explosion in the volcano sent an ash-cloud thousands of feet above the crater, but the activity appeared to be of shallow origin.

Industrial Leases

There has been more agitation in the Territory for an extension of industrial leases from 25 years to 99 years.

At a meeting of the Madang Advisory Council, Mr. N. Grieve suggested that the Administration should take note of such a proposal, The main reason for an extension was that considerably more money Leaving St. John's Church, Port Moresby, on June 4, are Mr. and Mrs. Kaufmann and Miss Joan Brown (bridesmaid). The bride was formerly Miss Vale[?]e Meads, who was nursing at the European Hospital, Port Moresby, and at Manus. Mr.

Kaufmann is with the Department of Civil Aviation.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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After all, he said, people wanted to know where they stood. If residential leases were granted for 99 years, he saw no reason why industrial leases should not be for the same period.

Mr. Grieve’s suggestion is shared by a number of the members of the Port Moresby Town Advisory Council.

Blood Transfusions

The National Executive of the Australian Red Cross Society has approved the extension of Red Cross services in the Territory in the field of blood transfusion service and the provision of buildings for clinical, convalescent and pre-natal accommodation.

The executive has also approved a grant to assist the Territory division with these services.

The National Headquarters representative in the Territory (Mr.

Etheridge) said that the developmet of a blood bank in the Territory was a major step forward in the lives of all residents of the Territory, both European and native.

It was intended to build an annex to the Red Cross Divisional Headquarters building at Port Moresby and from there to supply the needs of the medical services. Plans for clinical pre-natal and convalescent accommodation included buildings at Boroka and Kavieng.

Mr. Etheridge said that a considerable amount of work and effort would have to be done before the blood bank was ready for use. Most important of all was the registering of blood donors.

Mr. Etheridge appealed for support for the blood bank. He said: “It is always easy to remember that becoming a blood donor and giving blood is not only good citizenship— your own life at some time or other may depend on it.”

Flying-Boat Wreckage

The war-time famous valley of “Shangri-La” came back into the headlines in June with the discovery there of the wreckage of a Dutch flying-boat by New Guinea pilot Laurie Crawley.

The plane, a Short Sealand, operated by the Christian and Mission Alliance in Dutch New Guinea, had been missing for more than a month. A Dutch airline, the Dutch Navy and others had abandoned the search.

Crawley carried out his search on a flight to Sorong and sighted the wreckage on the side of the mountains surrounding Shangri-La.

He said at Lae that the aircraft was about 10,000 feet up on the mountainside and seemed to have disintegrated on contact. The cargo was only about 10 to 15 feet from the wreckage.

Crawley said he had with him as observer a man who was well acquainted with the aircraft and who was able to identify it from its markings and the type of cargo 106 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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It appeared that the pilot had lad little chance of survival.

Crawley described the area he had earched as the worst he had seen mywhere in New Guinea. The ountry was extremely rugged and here were several peaks of up to 4,000 feet.

Civil Aviation authorities at lollandia have sent a search and escue team to the area. (A US plane crashed in so-called ihangri-La late in the Pacific war ears. Most occupants of the plane /ere killed; among the few surivors was a girl, a member of the VAC. She and the others were Itimately rescued by gliders which r ere “dropped” in, and then pulled p on the end of a line towed by plane. The whole incident was world sensation at the time. The rchbold expedition had discovered le valley some time late in the )’s.)

Native Apprentices

Some employers apparently had a impression that the Native pprenticeship Board would Select jtential apprentices and allot lem to employers, said the cecutive officer of the board (Mr. . Linton) at Port Moresby, on me 20.

This was wrong.

Employers must select the persons they wish to apprentice and then apply to the board for their acceptance under the native apprenticeship scheme.

“The initial step is for employers to apply to the board to have their training facilities examined for the purpose of being approved as employers of native apprentices,” Mr.

Linton continued.

“Inspection will be made by members of the local committees.”

In June and July the executive officei’ visited centres in the Territory to advise employers on the details of the scheme, which is quite different from other native labour arrangements. (Over) The wedding group photographed after the marriage at the Church of St. Francis Xavier, Rabaul, on June 4, of Miss Dorothy Jean O'Meara and Mr. Robert Henry Moxham. From left to right are Mr.

Harry Moxham (best man). Miss Cecilia Berryman (bridesmaid), the bridegroom and bride, and Mr. Barry Flannery, who gave the bride away.

Photo by C. H.

Meen. 107 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Big Rubber Fire

An inquiry will start soon into the cause of the destruction of 90,000 lb of rubber at Kanosia this week.

The rubber, which represents a month’s production from Kanosia Estates and the British New Guinea Development Company at Kanosia, was worth £15,000.

It is believed that a native may have started the fire by dropping a lighted cigarette near the rubber.

Minutes later, the rubber and the building in which it was housed were ablaze.

The fire was the most serious in the Territory since the Burns Philp store at Port Moresby was destroyed several years ago.

Port Moresby Turf Club

There is a move afoot in Port Moresby to reorganise the Papua Turf Club.

The club has never been disbanded, although it held its last race meeting 25 years ago on what is now Jackson s Airstrip.

Unknown to most Port Moresby people and even to some of the oldtime members of the PTC, the club still has money in the bank and has as its president the Sogeri rubber planter, Mr. P. J. McDonald, of “McDonald’s Corner.”

The move follows the outstanding success of the Red Cross race meeting at Boroka, Port Moresby, on the Queen’s Birthday.

About 2,000 Europeans and 3,000 natives attended the meeting, the first since the war.

Horses were brought to Moresby mainly from the Sogeri district, where they are used on the rubber plantations. Although many of them look as if they are due for retirement, some good times were clocked down the straight 3 furlong dirt track.

One horse covered 2 furlongs in 27 seconds. Crack Sydney and Melbourne racehorses usually cover the same distance in about 22 seconds.

The Moresby Cup was won by Royal Miss, a 6 to 1 chance.

Before the meeting, 8 horses were auctioned and became the property 108 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Several buyers rode in the last event, the owner-rider race, one of the entrants being the Territory Director of Health, Dr. John Gunther.

During the afternoon Dr.

Gunther’s talents were required in another direction —he attended two jockeys injured at the meeting.

One, Mr. M. O’Brien, of Sogeri, was kicked shortly before the start of the Port Moresby Cup, and the other, Mr. V. Chlow, was thrown from his mount, Joe, before the last race began, Sogeri planters are keenly interested in getting racing going again in the Territory. There is a rumour that if the club is reorganised, a track might be laid out at Sogeri.

Filming Under Way

Work has started on filming Australia’s latest movie, “Walk Into Paradise,” with Chips Rafferty taking the lead.

Only a few people saw Rafferty and 16 other members of the film unit pass through Port Moresby on their way to Goroka.

Rafferty brought news that there was a chance that “Walk Into Paradise” would be screened In Papua-New Guinea soon after shooting is completed. However, on this question, much will depend on negotiations yet to be carried out with the distributors.

At Jackson’s Airstrip, Rafferty said the film would take about three months to make. Scenes would be shot at Goroka, Madang and Port Moresby.

The full-length film will be in Sastman Colour.

A consignment of nearly 3,000 feet )f film left the Territory in late June for Paris, where it will be jrocessed.

The consignment was packed in dry ice to keep it at the correct temperature.

JAPANESE AMMUNITION Australian Army Bomb Disposal personnel working in New Guinea believe it will be many years before the Territory is rid of unexploded ammunition left by the Japanese, Although the Pacific War ended 11 years ago, at least 10 tons of Administrator D. M. Cleland, of Papua-New uinea, looks grim as he has difficulty in pining the British Empire Medal on the tunic f Sergeant Sina at a special parade in Port loresby on June 23. Sgt. Sina received the ecoration for loyalty and devotion to duty. e served in the PIB during the war and is aw a member of the Pacific Islands Regiment.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

A concert staged by schoolgirl members of the Junior Red Cross at the Xavier Hall, Rabaul, on June 7, ended with the tableau shown here Photo by C. H.

Meen. 109 ’ A C I F I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Everyone needs an Have you one ofjour II h Sh •« Every kitchen needs one for emergencies. ft LSi Ah! that’s 13SS what it was. > . V Fishermen, campers need one.

Change baby’s nappy without fuss.

But make sure you ask for “Eveready” brand flashlights and batteries the one brand that has proved absolutely reliable under tropical conditions . . . « EVEREADY f# BRAND FLASHLIGHTS & BATTERIES ‘Eveready”, “Nine Lives” and the Cat Symbol are registered trade-marks “M I M r iiir r of Eveready (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Rosebery, N.S.W, NlWt LlVcb bombs and ammunition are being destroyed every month in the Rabaul area.

A tunnel discovered recently by foraging natives on Tunnel Hill, Rabaul, yielded 150 large shells.

These were taken across the bay and exploded.

Lieutenant B. Florence, of the Ist Australian Bomb Disposals Section, said at Port Moresby that dumps were often covered with 11 years’ jungle growth and in many cases were found only by accident.

Recently, 115 shells were found a few yards from where the Government Vujcanologist takes his readings at Rabaul.

The Army Bomb Disposal Section has been in operation in the Territory since 1949, and has had no casualties. The section has two men stationed permanently at Rabaul and four on patrol—two in New Britain and until recently two in Bougainville.

Construction Programme

The Commonwealth Department of Works, in June, marked up one good point and one bad point to is construction programme in Papua-New Guinea.

Two days after reports had been received telling of major blunders by the Department in Bougainville, the Director of Works, Mr. Vidgen announced that the third important bridge within three months would be open to traffic within a fortnight.

The new bridge crosses the Erap River in the Upper Markham valley area. The other two are the Kimidan Bridge, about 100 miles from Kavieng, and the Peracles River Bridge on the Wau-Labu Road Meanwhile, reports from Bougainville s f ate that several bridges on the Kieta-Iwi Road passed as sound by the Department of Works, had been washed away or severely damaged in their first wet season.

Damage was estimated at about £5O 000. One bridge had been left isolated in the middle of a river. .All the Department has said is that “an officer will go to Kieta to investigate the matter.”

Timber Mill Burned

Fire destroyed the Laloki River j timber mill owned by Mr. Ken i Burke, of Port Moresby, in June.

Damage is estimated at £5,000.

The fire was caused by an explosion in the exhaust of a machine ' at the mill.

Tb In Territory Cattle

The P-NG Department of Agri- I culture has stated that the incidence of TB in cattle is low in the i Territory.

Officials believe that further work I in this field will result in the complete eradication of TB among I cattle in the Territory.

Already tests have been carried j out near Port Moresby, Lae, Madang and Wau. At present two officers i are testing cattle in the Rabaul area. 110 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Liquor For Natives

The controversial matter of liquor ir £ a xT^ es came ba £ k mto t] l e new ! 1 P " NG when native members of te Seventh Day Adventist Mission ®^Sy ai ? vll }£ expressed strong jposition to the proposal.

PlM’s correspondent in Bougainville says that many members of the mi£Slon have written to the elected member for the New Guinea Islands, Mr. Den Barrett, asking him to express their views at the coming Legislative Council Meeting.

The decision to oppose liquor for natives was made at the annual general meeting of the native members of the SDA Mission “Liquor for Natives” is expected to be the big matter raised at the current P-NG Legislative Council Royal Mist, seen here winning the McGregor [?]dies' Sprint Race, was the outstanding horse Port Moresby's first post-war race meeting June. Miss Isobel Kelly is the rider in this instance. Royal Miss (owned by Mr. Mick Lloyd of Sogeri) also won the Port Moresby Cup. At right the Administrator, Brigadier D. M. Cleland, presents the trophy for the Birthday Plate to Mr. C. Sefton whose horse, Gay Lady, won the race.

Photos by Papuan Prints.

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Teleprams and Cables: “MANSTOCKS, SYDNEY.” meeting, which started on June 27.

Although the elected members, as well as appointed members, have their own views on the subject, no one seems prepared to voice them until the Council meets.

It appears certain that some natives will eventually get permission to drink. When, is another matter.

Moresby Milk Supply

One of the biggest disgraces in Port Moresby may be rectified by Christmas.

By then, residents should be able to get fresh milk, a commodity now obtainable only at 2/3 a pint.

A Port Moresby taxi proprietor, Mr. Ken Burke, plans to start a dairy farm on his property near the Brown River, near Port Moresby.

He hopes to have at least 100 head of dairy cattle in production by Christmas, The most modern machinery available will be installed, and the milk will be distributed in bottles to retailers. The milk at no stage will be handled by hand.

Mr. Burke’s 2,000-acre property is being fenced and cleared in preparation for the arrival of the cattle.

It is understood, however, that no ships are available to bring the cattle to the Territory at present, and the stock Mr. Burke now has at Sydney may have to be sold. But any number of cattle are available, and Mr. Burke says he expects no difficulty.

He hopes to distribute about 400 gallons of milk a day when the dairy is under way. ttft tpopttt’t? crß , T?vrr , ‘R i Q „ There taffltaSe thatK and Ne , w p uinea may beat Australia in introducing commercial helicopter services.

It was announced at Port Moresby in June that negotiations were under way for the introduction of commercial helicopters in the Territory.

A conference has already been held between senior Administration officials and the Regional Director of Civil Aviation, Mr. John Arthur, and further talks are planned. 112 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Mr. Arthur has said that the inference worked out what serices helicopters could be applied i in the Territory, and what work le Administration would be able give a commercial operator.

The information gathered at the Iks would be passed on to an rline company which was condering helicopter operations. He d not name the company.

However, he said it was proposed at helicopters would operate to tints where fixed-wing aircraft uld not go. Sikorsky 5.55 helipters would be used. These airaft have about the same payload sea level as a Norseman aircraft id carry seven passengers for stances up to 70 miles.

A.t present, there are four Bell licopters in the Territory, three der contract to the Australasian troleum Company, and one to the w Guinea Resources Prospecting mpany. Since their arrival in the rritory in November, 1953, they ve flown 6,000 flying hours.

Hie contract held by Bahamas licopters Ltd. has been taken iv by a new company, World Wide : Services of Papua, rhe company is headed by an icrican living at Port Moresby, . Arni L. Sumarlidason, who has jrated helicopters in Alaska, nada and Greenland. iVhen helicopter operations first rted in the Territory 20 months ), only American personnel were ployed, as Australians qualified to and maintain the rotor-blade craft were not available. Now 80 cent, of the American staff has n replaced by Australians, in Australian, Mr. Robert Wilson, Mullumbimby, is the company’s ef pilot, and is also the first stralian licensed as a helicopter >t in the Commonwealth.

New Dutch Airline

Tie Australian Embassy at The ?ue has been informed that a 7 airline was to begin operations Dutch New Guinea on July 1. is known as Dutch New Guinea Transport Company. iLM will manage the new service co-operation with the Dutch /eminent —the Government prong the finances, hree DC3 aircraft used by KLM Dutch New Guinea are to be isferred to the new company and Beaver aircraft will be added. ; is believed that another five iver aircraft and several Bell copters will be added to the Lne soon.

Blic Service Conditions

he P-NG Public Service Associai has taken steps to improve litions for its members in the ritory. heir complaint was poor accomiation, and their method of iing with the matter was to ask Territories Minister, Mr. Paul luck, not to permit any new male ointees to take up duty until proper accommodation is available for them.

In a telegram to the Minister, the president, Mr. Brennan, said the Association was gravely concerned over the increasing deterioration of accommodation at Port Moresby.

Several officers were doubling up in single rooms; three were living in a hostel lounge, and several others were occupying rooms rented by Administration officers at present away from Port Moresby.

Mr. Brennan told the Minister that the association had considerable doubts regarding the Administration’s proposed building programme. He asked Mr. Hasluck to call for an urgent report on the matter.

Students’ Newspaper

Native students of Fatima College, near Banz, in the Western Highlands, have published their own newspaper.

The paper, believed to be the first written in English by native students in New Guinea, tells of the development of the college and its grounds since it was started last year.

A farm attached to the college has more than 200,000 coffee plants in its nursery. There are 5,000 banana trees, 4,000 pineapple plants and five acres of vegetables.

The ten-page paper, named the Fatima Chronicle, as well as giving local news, has its own cartoons and advertising section. One advertisement says that newspaper for cigarettes is available at the teacher’s house for 3d a sheet or one hour’s work on the farm!

For a 6id stamp, payment is one and a half hour’s work. (Over) 113 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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The headmaster of the college has Dinted out that the production of le paper is especially worthy of Dte as Highland natives were merally considered less advanced tan their coastal brothers. He )ted also that the area had had ily 22 years of contact with Euro- ;ans, and that schools were first >ened only nine years ago.

Big Land Purchase

The New Britain District Comissioner, Mr. Foldi, and the [rector of Lands, Mr. Mclnnis, ive completed the purchase of ,000 acres of native land at arongoi, near Rabaul.

The land will be open for public .plication when it has been deled what crop it is best suited for.

It is understood, however, that is will not be for several months.

More People In [?]rosperous Western Samoa From Our Own Correspondent WESTERN Samoa’s population at the end of 1954 was estimated at 94,128, according to the Dual report of the Post and Teleiph Department.

Iroup totals were: Samoans. —Males, 45,581 (44,166 in 3) ; females, 43,620 (42,173) ; total, 101 (86,339).

Europeans.—Males, 2,701 (2,578); lales, 2,226 (2,126) ; total, 4,927 (04). [rational income in 1952 was imated at £4,010,000, according to . A. J. L. Catt, Technical Assistto the Research Council of the ut h Pacific Commission, who ted the Territory in 1953. ’rivate income was estimated at [20,000 (wages and salaries •70,000, village cash incomes .00,000). rational expenditure at £3,500,000 ; estimated as follows; Food, 5,000; donations to churches, 5,000; current Government exditure £500,000; capital works, 0,000; private investment £280,000; hing and footwear £240,000sing £70,000; fuel and lighting, 000; services £490,000; other items, ),000. [r. F. W. P. Roe, manager for ns Philp, at Vavau, Tonga, first ed the BP staff at Vila, New Tides, in 1928. In 1931 he went the Solomons (Tulagi and :ambo) for two years. After a od in Australia in business on own account, he rejoined at Vila 1937 and went to Wallis and ma, where he was stationed durmuch of the Pacific War. Later vas posted to Suva and Lautoka in Fiji, and then to Rotuma. He has now been Vavau manager for seven years At the end of a holiday in Australia, Mr. Roe left Sydney for Tonga on June 9, travelling by way of New Zealand and Fiji. ii Sister B. Shelton, of the Methodist Hansenide Colony at Übia, Papua, is visiting Queensland on furlough Before going to New Guinea she was on the staff of the Toowoomba Hospital if Mr. B. A. Doyle, Attorney-Gen- England'* bn four mo*nSs ,y VsSation leave.

DEPARTED: Mr. Stuart Inder (left), former ABC regional journalist in Port Moresby.

ARRIVED: Mr. and Mrs. Paul Hall (right). Mr. Hall takes over from Mr. Inder, at whose farewell party the photos were taken on June 4.

Photos by Papuan Prints.

CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY J U L Y . 1955

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Pacific War Echo

Long-Sought Plane

Found In Santo

From Our Noumea Correspondent WRECKAGE of an America! plane lost near Cape Cumberland at the northern tip of Espiriti Santo, New Hebrides, in 1943, ha! been found by Wong Boukc villagers. In the wreckage were the remains of the pilot and a gol( identity plate and chain.

It has been recalled that in 1943 s United States Army listening post at Santo made contact with tw( American planes which were running out of fuel and asked aboul landing possibilities near Cap( Cumberland. It was night; then were no landing-grounds in th( area and the mountain-and-jungh country made landing impossible.

One plane came down in the set and disappeared without trace. Tin other flew on and crashed against i mountain.

A few days later, Wong Bouki people found an airman, badly injured and exhausted, who said tha] when the plane crashed he wai flung from his seat. His companioi had been killed instantly. The injured man had wandered in thi jungle for two days, trying to react the coast.

Guided to a nearby American camp the survivor gave the approximate position of the wrecked plane, but despite an intensive search, it coul( not be found.

In 1954, the brother of the losi pilot (whose name was Howi( Faltin) travelled to the New Hebrides from America in an attempt to find traces of the plane but his search was also a failure, j At the end of last April th( French Resident in the New Hebrides (M. P. Anthonioz) and M Roux were touring the northern islands in the Don Quixote. A 1 Wong Bouko, villagers told then that recently they had found wreckj age of a plane and human remainj in the mountains a long way frori the village.

Guided by the villagers, the official party, after hours of hard travelling, found the wreckage or a heavily-wooded mountain top. I Among the bones was a gold plate bearing on one side the name “Howie Faltin, USMC,” and on the other a woman’s Christian name, j The remains and the identification plate, with its gold chain, were carried to Port Vila, later to be handed over to the United State| Consul at Noumea. ~ If Mr. R. P. A. Probert has been elected to the Latuoka Town CounciS Fiji, in the place of the late Mr. S.

Hollander. 116 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Hatchings are arranged for Island plane departures to ensure shortest time from Incubator to Customer. All consignments accompanied by Govt. Health Certificate.

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Former Suva Girl Married in NZ Mr. Ramswami Mutialu, senior >oratory assistant at the Suva 'spital, is the first Indian in Fiji a T C0 i r nin m he , was the first ir i [he Colony to qualify as nodical laboratory assistant. He ef £ nal examinations in straha at the end of 1954. t Three thousand copies of a new geographical atlas of New Caledonia, costing a total of 730,000 francs, are to be published. Charts will show physical and economic features, population and related subjects, Maps will show New Caledonia s relation to the rest of the Pacific and internal communications.

T h e w edd i ng of Miss Rosemary Jacka and Mr. Aitken McGowan took place at the Mount en Presbyterian Church, Auckland, on May 14. The bride is the daughter of Mrs. A. A. and late Mr A. J. Jacka, formerly of Suva, and granddaughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. R. A. nch, of Tailevu, Fiji. Her great-grandfather, W. J. Abbott, was among the early settlers in Rewa River district. The bridesmaids wer e Misses Margaret and Elaine Jacka, sisters the bride.

Photo by Anthony Henry. 117 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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THE QUEENSLAND CO-OPERATIVE MILLING ASSOC. LTD., Sth. Brisbane. [?]irpenter Group Companies stonishing Growth Her World War I IHE Pacific trading organisation which made the most remarkable growth during the PlM’s arter-century lifetime is Messrs.

R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., of Iney.

Messrs. Burns Philp & Co. Ltd. 1 been established for 30 years en World War I began, and eady was known through the ith Seas; but the WRC concern i only just been formed when it war came, and was still in iddling-clothes when peace was led in 1918. But after that its ogress and expansion were momenal. ’he founder was the late Walter 'penter. His father was one of earliest Burns Philp sea-capis; and young Walter himself, as outh, was briefly in the BP ser- ;. He was only 22 when he began ling on his own account in the irsday Island area in 1899. Then had had some years as a com- ’cial manager in Fiji, he fact that war came just as registered his own company, with lodest £l,OOO as nominal capital, ned a tragedy; but, actually, it gave the tireless WRC the very chance he wanted. One result of the war was that Australia took over the administration of the former German colony of New Guinea; another was an enormous Islands demand for both capital and consumer goods; and yet another was (for a time) a market for copra such as the world hitherto had never known.

Walter Carpenter, always noted for his vision, saw the opportunity.

Aided by two or three old associates, by his brothers and his two sons and by some strong Sydney financial interests who trusted his judgment, he carried the WRC flag into the New Guinea area—and never looked back. New Guinea’s new gold industry came to buttress the copra industry; and the WRC men, as traders, planters and transporters, were in the van of all development.

In the 20 years between the Wars the Co.’s achievements were remarkable. It not only established stores and owned and controlled plantations throughout New Guinea —it also expanded into Solomons, Gilbert and Ellice, and Fiji; it entered the shipping business with some wooden ships built in New South Wales, which enterprise it slowly and steadily expanded into an important overseas shipping line; it entered the air transport business with some small planes for goldfields transport, but which in due course grew into a very large concern, providing air service between Sydney and New Guinea; it began processing copra at Pondo, in New Britain—from which small became bigger and bigger milling establishments at Suva (Fiji) and Rabaul (New Guinea); it established a new Insurance Company.

By the end of its second decade it was, next to Burns Philp and Co. Ltd., one of the most important institutions in the Pacific Islands, with a subscribed capital of £775,000. News articles spread through 25 years of the PIM describe each step of expansion and progress. (Researchers will find the full story of the Carpenter achievement in the 1950 edition of the Pacific Islands Year Book.) Even before World War II came, Sir Waiter (he was knighted in the Thirties) and his Directors were altering the character of the business. Wherever possible, the assets and responsibility for operations were transferred to associated Carpenter companies, registered in 119 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

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Suppliers to Defence Specifications. or near the scene of their operations; so that, by 1949, the character of the Sydney Company had changed. It now was mainly a holding company and, in September, 1949, half the subscribed capital was returned to shareholders.

After World War 11, Sir Walter Carpenter relinquished most of his activities (although he had a leading part in the establishment of copra-crushing mills in Canada) and main responsibility for management and direction was taken over by his sons, Messrs. R. B. and C. H.

Carpenter, who had been his closest associates for 20 years. Sir Walter died in February, 1954, aged 76, and Mr. R. B. Carpenter became head of the Sydney company, with oversight over the operations of numerous associated organisations.

New Guinea Goldfields New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd.’s, operating report for May is as follows: Golden Ridges Mill—Treated: 3,066 tons ore, 439 tons tailings; assaying: .41 oz to the ton and .31 oz respectively: production, 1,215 oz fine gold and 1,549 oz fine silver.

Golden Ridges Alluvials produced 9 oz gold, Koranga 279 oz and Tributes 81 oz.

Timber produced totalled 262,975 sup. ft.

Papuan Oil Search Australian Petroleum Co. Pty., Ltd., and Island Exploration Co. Pty., Ltd., reported on June 14 that at Omati No. 2 the hole has been deepened 515 ft. to 10,346 ft. and at Aramia the hole has been deepened 2,642 ft. to 3,770 ft.

Early Start Likely on NC's Big Dam SANCTIONED by the Conseil- General, the Yate River dam for New Caledonia’s expanded hydro-electricity project will probably be started before the end of the year.

The Colony has an 18 pc share in the company financing the £10,000,000 dam.

A vote of 3,000,000 francs has been passed for widening and strengthen- 1 ing the Noumea-Yate road in preparation for heavy traffic.— Noumea Correspondent. 120 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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BX 6487. BOX 3661, G.P.0., SYDNEY, [?] EXPERT’S PLAN Fiji Could Be Hub of Islands Airways i FTER visiting Fiji to prepare air navigation regulations for le Colony, the Advisory Officer technical) of the New Zealand ivil Aviation Administration (Mr. . T. Young) has made a report in hich many aspects of Fiji’s future ternal aviation are discussed.

Dealing with re-equipment lestions, Mr. Young suggests that i most routes in Fiji, 10-passenger rcraft would meet requirements, it he points out that very few ch aircraft are being built today.

A possible answer is the pansion of the Colony’s internal r service to other territories.

The report states that there •pears to be no reason why an rline in Fiji should not provide adplane services to Tonga estern and Eastern Samoa, the •°k Islands, and, when airfields e available, New Caledonia and ihiti.

Tf suitable aircraft are employed d the operations co-ordinated th domestic services, relatively ?h aircraft utilisation rates ould be achieved,” says Mr •ung. fie recommends that Fiji Airways ' its successor) and any officer pointed to administer civil lation in Fiji should jointly jpare long-range plans for the yelopment of domestic air ■vices and possible future regional tensions. fn the course of the report iblished as a Legislative Council per) the unlain ghost of the va Point airport scheme re- Dears. ?he scheme for constructing an ernational airport near the tip Suva Peninsula was knocked on 1 years ago, mainly on the unds of the tremendous exiditure involved. At intervals vever, the suggestion of an airip for local services has bobbed its supporters alleging that the iense would be justified by the mnation of the 12-miles gap ween Suva and the Nausori airt at Luvuluvu. n Mr. Young’s opinion, eneering problems or obstructions ild eliminate the development of airport at Suva Point with ways long enough to meet mate needs. He suggests that ds would be spent more wisely improving Nausori. [t would appear desirable,” tho )rt adds “to stabilise and seal least a portion of the runway an area adjacent to the itmg hard-standing if operations are not to be restricted during the wet season.”

DEALING with the administration of the air navigation regulations, Mr. Young recommends that the duties at present carried out by the Assistant Colonial Secretary (Development) be extended to include civil aviation and that an officer be appointed to his staff to administer the regulations. This officer, the report adds, should have a good background in the administration of civil aviation and preferably a general knowledge of the technical facilities and services employed in civil aviation. if the growth of Fiji’s civil aviation justified it, the appointment of a Director of Civil Aviation might be considered, While highly praising the work done by the Acting Controller of Customs (Mr. T. W. Davis) as Registrar of Aircraft, and his deputy (Mr. A. N. Brown) the report states that it is unfair to burden with these duties officers whose primary functions are not related to civil aviation, Frlitonal Nnfp cuiiUMdiMUlc Mr. Young appears to have covered everything and said little. One may read into his 121 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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In the summary we have received f his remarks, Mr. Young does ot say anything specifically gainst the present air services rovided in Fiji, but the implication ppears to be that internal airways i the Colony should be run by )me big air company in conmction with its overseas operaons. The only big air companies i the South Pacific who could mceivably combine those operaons are Qantas or TEAL. It is arcely likely that TEAL is ixious to add internal airways in :ji to its other headaches on the Dral Route, although it is possible iat a “big” private company ight be induced to take over EAL’s Coral Route and run the ji end as well. Any company at attempted such a set-up would faced with the old problems of [equate airfields and long hauls er areas of low-passenger density.

It is probable that a plane of e capacity of a DC3 would be irranted on the Nadi-Nausori ction of Fiji Airways’ present utes—at times, anyway. But lat of the other parts of the FA twork, where a much more luable contribution is made by Dviding out-port communications the Colony? Does the Fiji jvernment want the expense of ilding and maintaining airstrips Dable of taking larger planes m those at present in use in * out-ports? And does the air flic to those places warrant it? dr. Young’s premise seems to that these places should be viced by larger planes than at ;sent, even though the operating npany would have to run vices outside the Colony in ler to pay for them, my suggestion that Fiji should /e a full-time Director of Civil iation (presumably with a salary match the title) can be conned, at the present time, as a ce of bureaucratic nonsense— i we are relieved to find that . Young tentatively agrees. wo Young Tongans to Die For Murder IE sentencing to death of two young Tongans for the murder of another young man is the nination of a series of crimes /iolence in the Kingdom, writes fukualofa correspondent, he men are Kelekolio Funaki Uikilifu Nau, of Folaha village, the victim was a fellow-villager m Pahulu. be last execution in Tonga took ;e at Vavau in 1927, when a ig man was hanged for murdera girl. is a general opinion, the correident adds, that the crime-wave ’onga is mainly due to increased sumption of alcoholic drink by ig Tongans.

Fiji Citizen's Work for Ex-Servicemen Recognised annual°^astine° gI D^ m 0 shows a full roster of events from July 1.3 through to July 24 this year All associated with the tourist and entertainment industries are said to be satisfied with the plans. Earlier a su £g estion b V the city fathers that Programme be reduced in the m terests of the pockets of the majority had been given the thumbs-down sign by the “commercants.”

In mid-April, at Reay Hall, Suva, Sir Hugh Ragg was presented with a Tabua by the Fijian Seamen Ex-Servicemen, in appreciation of the services rendered by Sir Hugh as chairman of the Rehabilitation Board, 1945-55. Some of the ex-servicemen seamen are shown in the above photograph. Seated in the front row are (left to right): Akuila (Sir Hugh's Matanivanua or spokesman). Lady Ragg, Lieut.-Colonel D.

McCaig, ED, Mrs. J. Mullins, Sir Hugh Ragg, Mrs. D. McCaig, Major S. H. Elliott, Captain Mullins, Leoni Batigai. Seated in front of Sir Hugh is Luke R. Vukivuki, hon. secretary, Seamen's Institute.

CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Adastra too, has 25th Birthday ALONG with PIM, a 25th anniversary is being celebrated this year by an aviation company which has close ties with the Islands. This is Adastra Airways Pty. Ltd., of Mascot, Sydney, a company headed by Mr. H. T. (“Bunny”) Hammond.

Adastra was founded In 1930 by Mr. Hammond and the late Mr.

Frank Follett. They established an aviation school and a passenger service from Mascot to Bega, NSW, then when the Depression came, Mr.

Hammond went north to New Guinea to work as a pilot with Holden Air Transport and help keep the pot boiling financially while Frank Follett carried on alone as the active partner operating Adastra.

In 1935, the company took up aerial photographic survey work and has since then become the leading aerial survey organisation in this part of the world, with a staff of 60.

Mr. Hammond served with the; RAAF during the war but Adastraj continued operations, mainly in military-mapping work in Aus-; tralia.

In 1953, Adastra commenced a very big job, which may take years to complete, for the Federal Gov-I ernment in New Guinea. They have also done special mapping jobs for Papuan Aipinaipi and APC there,] and this June they despatched an aircraft to Woodlark Island to make a magnetic geophysical survey for Broken Hill Proprietary, which is interested in iron deposits there.

Adastra appeared in Fiji also, in 1954, to complete a Government job which had been commenced the previous year by Hunting Airways of England. Late last year, these two companies amalgamated to form a subsidiary, Adastra Hunting; Geophysics Pty. Ltd., which handles] the magnetic survey side of operations. It is this subsidiary which is operating at Woodlark, and thati aircraft will later go to Horn Island and the Gulf of Carpentaria.

The work being carried out by : Adastra in New Guinea is of great importance to the development of that Territory, reducing by years the old and painfully slow ground-1 survey methods, t The new discharged patients] hostel built by the Fiji Lepers’

Trust Board at Korovou, Suva, was opened by the Acting Governor (MrJ A. F. R. Stoddart) on June 3. Funds] for the modern, concrete building! came from a generous allocation? made by the New Zealand Lepersj Trust Board. The chairman of the; Fiji board (Sir Henry Scott) handed the building over to the Director of Medical Services. 124 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Host" Holbrook

Letter from David Stewart, Sales Director) 'OLBROOKS (Australasia) Pty. . Limited congratulate the PIM 1 wish the Staff and, in parilar, Mr. R. W. Robson, many jpy returns of their 25th Birth- L n this particular issue—their larter Century Issue”—it might Itting to quote Rudyard Kipling— will interest them to hunt amongst the files, There unvisited and cold ie the crowded years of old, that Kensal-Green of greatness called the files.

IM no doubt will be delving into past to reveal countless data ch have whirled them into the harted oceans of the Pacific; by their propaganda and iom they have retained the Iwill of their advertisers and iers over the years. The ation of the discriminating reader iend or foe—was courted by :ul copy and by a standard :h attracted national interest. *om a small beginning, the enter e, faith in the future of the ific Islands, and the fighting it of Mr. R. W. Robson, have somed into a very keen friend- -1 and appreciation by all his cs at home and in the Islands. ie House of Holbrook, since 1798, also laboured and built up a t and vital business and, since 1919 (when the Company decided to commence operations in Sydney, NSW) has supplied its own products to the discerning consuming public in the Pacific Islands.

Regular visits, over the years, by the Company’s representative, have resulted in a steady, increasing business and this personal contact, including the publicity created through advertising in the PIM, has had its reward.

We wish the Pacific Islands Monthly long life and continued prosperity in the future.

Costello-Rae Wedding The marriage of Miss Jessie Rae, younger daughter of Mr. Alec Rae and the late Mrs.

Rae, of Ba, Fiji, and Mr. Daniel Costello, youngest son of Mrs. Costello and the late Mr. D. B. Costello, of Tavua, took place at the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, Lautoka, Fiji, on April 23. Miss Liebling Hoeflich, of Suva, was bridesmaid and Mr. P. Kaye, of Lautoka, was best man. 125 DIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - J U L Y . 1055

jf » C 5 ® \*L Impenal ->>.s> «K BE? 9e js*> % CANNED MEATS Order NOW from your Nearest Supplier HOT PACKS 16-oz. Braised Beef Steak Stew. 16-oz. Steak and Kidney Pudding. 16-oz. Steak and Tomato. 16-oz. Irish Stew. 16-oz. Beef Steak Pudding. 12-oz. Steak and Onions.

TOMATO PRODUCTS 8-oz. Tomato Soup. 16-oz. Tomato Soup. 28-oz. Peeled Tomatoes.

Canned Fruits

16-oz. Grapes. 30-oz. Peaches. 30-oz. Pears. 30-oz. Apricots. 16-oz. Raspberries. 30-oz. Raspberries. 16-oz. Loganberries. 30-oz. Loganberries. 16-oz. Gooseberries. 30-oz. Gooseberries. 16-oz. Cherries. 16-oz. Fruit Cocktail.

Cold Meats

12-oz. Trim (Pork and Beef). 12-oz. Meatreat. 12-oz. Hampe. 12-oz. Camp Pie. 12-oz. Corned Beef W/C. 12-oz. Taper Corned Beef. 6-lb. Taper Corned Beef W/C. 6-lb. Taper Corned Beef. 12-oz. Taper Corned Beef W/C.

SAUSAGES 16-oz. Beef Sausages. 16-oz. Oxford Sausages. 16-oz. Cambridge Sausages. 16-oz. Pork Sausages. 10-oz. Vienna Sausages. 16-oz. Vienna Sausages. 4-oz. Vienna Sausages.

TONGUES 12-oz. Sheep Tongues. 12-oz. Lamb Tongues. 12-oz. Calves’ Tongues. 12-oz. Lunch Tongues. 2-lb. Ox Tongues.

Condensed Milk

14-oz. Sweetened Condensed Milk. 12-oz. Unsweetened Evaporated Milk. 12-oz. Chocream. 8-oz. Reduced Cream.

Canned Fish

12-oz. Flair Fish Cutlets. 16-oz. Tins Dripping. 37-lb. Tins Dripping.

MARGARINE 56-lb. boxes Cake Margarine. 56-lb. boxes Pastry Margarine.

"RIVERMEDE"

BUTTER 56-lb. boxes Bulk Butter. 16-oz. pats Butter.

Va-lb. pats Butter. 12-oz. tins Butter. 16-oz. tins Butter.

Canned Jams

12-oz. & 24-oz. Fig. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Plum. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Raspberry. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Quince. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Marmalade. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Apricot. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Peach. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Melon &.

Ginger. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Melon & Lemon. 12-oz. & 24-oz. Melon & Pineapple.

AGENCIES FISH CANNERIES OF TASMANIA PTY. LTD., Tasmania. (“Flair” Canned Fish).

GARTSIDE PRODUCTS PTY. LTD., Victoria. (“Gartside” Canned Vegetables).

TONG ALA MILK COMPANY, Victoria. (“Jersey Cow” and “Mont Blanc”

Condensed Milk). PORT HUON FRUITGROWERS’ CO-OP. ASSOCIATION LTD., Tasmania. (“Huoncry” Canned Fruits and Jams). MAIZE PRODUCTS LTD., N.S.W. (“Kream” Cornflour. “Acme” Starch. “Cameo” Custard Powder). PEEK FREAN (AUST.) PTY. LTD., (Biscuit Manufacturers).

RIVERSTONE MEAT CO. PTY. LTD.

5-7 O'Connell Street, Sydney

Tu 7S 126 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

AMETCO (D. M. KAMERLING, Manager.) 2-12 Carrington St., Sydney.

Telephone: BX 3695 WE ARE (AUST.) PTY. LTD.

Cables: Ametco, Sydney Codes: ACME

Manufacturers' Representatives

and sell only those lines for which we have the sole agency In the Sooth Pacific, such as

Flour/Sharps/Wheatmeal

CANNED FISH (Dutch, Sth. African) WALLACE’S SCOTCH WHISKY (Bottled in Scotland)

Lexington Cigarettes

Ceylon Tea

Danish Meats

ESSENCES

Essential Oils

CHEMICALS

Structural Steel

Castiron Pipes

Asbestos Cement Pipes

WIRENETTING

Fencing Wire

Galvanised Corrugated Iron

Corrugated Aluminum Sheets

ETC., ETC. ★ Your enquiries, preferably through your Buying Agents building materials, technical and semi-technical articles will in Australia . about general merchandise, have our most careful and prompt attention.

Hief Engineer

[?] CHART ROOM The Strange Case of the MV Tulagi IfHEN Burns Philp & Co.’s MV ▼ Tulagi arrived in Sydney recently at the end of her maiden yage from a British shipyard, it mediately became known in the rt that “something was cooking” card. There were many comings d goings of men with snapimmed hats and up-turned collars the days following her arrival, d it soon was apparent that a j-flight matter of “protocol” was mlved. [t is well known that ever since pincers were allowed aboard ships in event which occurred when it d to be conceded that fickle winds I not bring dividends —there has in an inherent tension between dge and engine-room, sometimes the feeling has been ense, in other cases almost — •ugh not quite—absent. So long the two tribes are reasonably regated and not thrown into too se or lengthy contact all is usually 'ulagi, however, seems to have n made the object of a rather stic experiment—drastic in the se that one might have thought t the ship designers would have been well aware that what they had designed would be unacceptable on the Australian coast, or probably anywhere else.

The sin of the designers was in placing the accommodation for Master and Chief Engineer not only side by side on the same deck, but also with the Chief Engineer’s accommodation opening into the sacred chart room! The full import of that can perhaps be appreciated only by a seaman.

Needless to say the arrangement was not acceptable to the deck officers’ Guild, nor was certain other officers’ accommodation acceptable.

An arbitrator was appointed. He found in favour of the complainants —and as a result some very nice passenger accommodation has been taken over for the ship’s personnel, and the passengers have moved down a step.

A suitable state of segregation has been re-established, the accepted protocol of the British Merchant Service upheld, and a state of normalcy again exists aboard Tulagi fi Assistant Superintendent R. B.

Winthrop, who left Fiji in June for vacation leave in England, also plans to take a course at the Police College, Hendon.

BSIP Residents in Sydney Mrs . v. Hart, formerly of Honiara, and Mrs N. Calvert on leave from the Solomons, are photographed here on M.V. "Malaita" on the day she departed from Sydney in June. They were farewelling a friend. At right, centre, is Miss Avon Richardson whose father is with Burns Philp's Honiara Branch Office She was farewelled when she sailed in "Malaita" by Mr. Robert Lee (left) and Mr. Ross Doherty. 127 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

Blaxland - Chapman

Marine Engines

Wonder Launches • Pumping Units

• Engineering Products

Engineered for heavy sustained operation with minimum upkeep, “8.R.” products are ideal for Island service. open or Vi cabin launches, pumping units, engineering products, contact the Sole Pacific Distributors.

For Marine Engines, tk KERR BROS. PTY. LTD. 4 O’CONNELL ST„ SYDNEY.

Box 3838, G.P.O. Cables: “Carefulness”, Sydney.

W. H. GROVE & SONS LTD.

Established 1896.

Isiand Merchant's 16-18 FANSHAWEST., AUCKLAND.

Telegraphic and Cable Address: “Grove,” Auckland. P.O. Box 490, Auckland, New Zealand.

Entrust your requirements to the firm with more than 55 years practical experience in the Island trade.

Representing English Manufacturers

THROUGHOUT FIJI, SAMOA, TONGA, NEW HEBRIDES, NEW CALEDONIA, SOLOMON ISLANDS, SOCIETY ISLANDS, COOK ISLANDS, NIUE, PAPUA, NEW GUINEA, ETC.

SHIPPERS OF ALL CLASSES OF NEW ZEALAND MANUFACTURES AND PRODUCTS SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR THE ISLAND TRADE

We Handle All Kinds Of Island Produce

IN FIJI as ; W. H. GROVE & SONS (FIJI) LIMITED.

Office and Sample Room: Bank of New South Wales Chambers, Suva, Fiji.

NC'S Nickel Industry Not All French From Our Noumea Correspondent NOUMEA commentators have pointed out that when there is so much talk about safeguarding the French nickel industry in New Caledonia to enable it to survive on the world market, it is interesting to note how far the French-registered Societe Nickel is strictly French.

Its vice-president is M. Dewez, of the Societe Generale de Belgique, which controls nearly all mining activity in the Belgian Congo.

On the board is M. Pierari, of the Miraboud group, which indicates that the Swiss bankers are interested in the nickel company.

And then the company is controlled by the Rothschild Bank.

One way and another, it is far from being an all-French set-up. t A New Testament in the Hula language, spoken by about 3,000 people in the Hood Peninsula of Papua, has been published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in an edition of 2,000 copies. The translation—by Mrs. L. Short, of the London Missionary Society—was difficult because the Hula language has no abstract nouns, no relative pronouns and no passive voice.

Child Killed When Big Wave Hit Tongan Ship ALL passengers on deck were flung overboard and a threeyears-old girl was drowned when a giant wave struck the Tongan Government vessel Hifofua during voyage from Vavau to Nukualofa i May.

The ship was ten miles froi Nukualofa when she was thrown c her beam ends. She righted herse and all the passengers except tt little girl were picked up safely. 128 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLt

Going places?

Your trip will be much happier if you know that every detail has be . c ' n “tiled ! n advance but there is no need to do it yourself. Much time and trouble can be saved by letting the Bank of New South Wales Travel Department assist °you.

What the “Wales” Travel Department offers you Whether your journey is in Australia or overseas, the “Wales” will gladly plan itineraries, make transport bookings and hotel reserpassnort a^k nge hT and ’ f ° r trips oVerseas ’ advise passport, visa, and taxation clearance procedure.

Travel finance wl m T Crn |,"' a ? r°u Carry m ° ne 7 safel >’ is by Bank of New South I s Tr ® ve ! lers Cheques, which are readily accepted by all banks and stor P es nClPa ‘° UnSt bur6aux ’ trans Port offices, hotels, restaurants, These services are available through all branches of the BANK OF

New South Wales

FIRST AND LARGEST TRADING BANK OPERATING IN AUSTRALIA,

New Zealand. Fiji. Papua And New Guinea

(INCORPORATED in new booth wales with limited liability ) A5447a

New Caledonia’S

CREDIT

System Assailed

From Our Noumea Correspondent VIEW CALEDONIA’S all-embrac- Ll ing system of “credit” provides one of the most interesting mssages in Senator Coude du r oresto’s famous report on the Colony.

Credit, states the report, is offered or everything from postcards to notor cars. The main objective of redit accounts is to make sure of he client’s “commercial property.”

When articles are scarce, the cash ustomer is often rebuffed, the goods eing reserved for credit clients.

Young Government employees rriving from France are offered all ,ouse-furnishings on credit, as well s motor cars—and a Government Brvant without a car is likely to be deconsidered.”

When he returns to France, the rovernment servant cannot take is possessions with him because I excessive freight charges, and so e sells his goods—often to the riginal vendors—at a heavy loss, sually the articles are refurbished id resold to start a new profit fie cycle.

Admittedly the system gives serce to the purchaser, but it places m in marked subordination to the mdor. This would not matter in, y, Paris, where commerce, politics id administration are in separate impartments, but it is a very difrent matter in a small town where ie three groups are jammed tother.

Again, the man who wants to go l the land finds it easy to obtain °ds on credit. If he fails in his yments, an arrangement is made lereby the debtor abandons land id materials to the creditor and ually works his former property a foreman. This system explains e accumulation of huge areas of id given over exclusively to cattle, d the same formula accounts for s large mining domain of the big port-export firms.

Phis at least is the situation as :n by the Senator. :t is possibly significant that in 3 recent session of the Assembly nove was made to curb the credit ;tem as far as possible. The tion was introduced by a member 0 happens to be head of the vernment workers’ union, and it s repulsed with great energy by mbers connected with commercial erests.

I. Marc Biros, who has completed ee years as Secretary-General in New Caledonian Administration, 1 returned to France. He has been moted to the rank of Governor colonies, but it is not yet known jre he will be posted.

Fiji's Import Flood Continues FIJI’S January-February imports totalled more than £F2,500,000, according to figures released in June.

Main item was manufactured goods (£750,000), followed by foodstuffs (£617,000) and machinery and transport equipment (£500,000).

Exports and re-exports totalled £1,366,500, with re-exports at slightly under £185,000.

Imports from the United Kingdom totalled £1,000,000 and from Australia nearly £750,000.

Of the exports, Canada took more than £500,000, almost entirely in raw sugar. The United Kingdom took more than £250,000.

In 1954, the Colony had an adverse trade balance of £402 816 The year’s imports totalled £11.642 801an increase of 9.64 pc over 1953 129 °IF I C ISLANDS MONTHLY-JULY. 19 55

Specialising In Supply

To Pacific Islands

Vinco Launches and Workboats Standard models (all types) or built to detail, any size 14 ft. to 24 ft.

Vincent Bros. Modern Factory Fitting any make or type of engine.

Inspection of work by your Sydney representative invited. rz: Literature with prices, illustrations and particulars by return airmail.

Work in progress on ten 18 ft. cabin launches for New Guinea; also local orders.

ST * A 16 ft. open type (coamed and decked) standard model. 18 ft. Sedan Cabin Standard Model.

Also manufacturing Vinco engines (3 port, 2 cycle petrol marine, inboard) . 2f HP., 4 H.P., 8-10 H.P. (twin).

VINCENT Bros. 947 Victoria Road, West Ryde, Sydney, Australia.

Cable:—Vinco Products.

Vinco 8-10 H.P. Twin Cylinder Model. 130 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Sails & Covers

LTD.

Box 415/ Auckland, New Zealand Largest Sail Loft in Australasia.

We also stock all widths and weights of canvas.

Tarpaulins supplied at short notice.

Australia-West Pacific Line

Regular Sailings

Trading Northbound from ADELAIDE, MELBOURNE, SYDNEY and BRISBANE to SANDAKAN MANILA HONG KONG and main JAPANESE PORTS.

Southbound from JAPAN, HONG KONG and MANILA to MADANG, LAE, RABAUL HONIARA VANIKORO thence main AUSTRALIAN PORTS. * Cargo Service, with Luxurious Passenger Accommodation, by Fast New Motor Vessels specially built for the Far Eastern Trade. * A O S - ITO S - D M.V. DELOS—A.W.P. Line's new motorship for Australian-Far East trade * General and Refrigerated Cargo Space; also Special Mechanical Ventilation for Fruit, Vegetables, etc., in ’tween decks. * at s^6. HELMSEN AGENCY PTY - LTD ' 63 Pitt St., Sydney. 'Phdne: BU 6301. Branch Office AUSTRALIAN AGENTS: Brisbane & Adelaide: Gibbs, Bright & Co Town lranspor ’ g — • *•*

News Of The Small-Ships

IT HAPPENED IN JULY:—It is ot always appreciated that the •halers, mainly American, of last mtury which contributed so much > the discovery of the Pacific, were jssels rarely over 350 gross tons.

Typical was the Smft, 321 tons. aptam Francis F. Worth, wrecked i Rarotonga, July 15, 1863. Old cords show that her owner, homas S. Rathaway, despatched ;r from New Bedford, Mass., the ■evious October 12 Between then id her loss she had shipped home barrels of sperm oil by another ssel. Exact point of the wreck id fate of her crew are not stated. le was merely one of scores that st their fate on some Pacific reef.

Two other wrecks, details unlown, occurred in this month in 16, the 20-ton frigate La Seine beg lost near Noumea and the )bart brig Breeze near Apia RADIO WATCHES IMPROV- G;—There is official word from go Pago and Papeete this month developments of great interest to isters, owners, and insurance npanies associated with small >sels plying in Polynesia waters.

Ghief Caldwell, Tutuila Radio, Pago Pago, Samoa > advises that his tion is now maintaining 24-hour JSh international radioephony distress and calling frequency of 2182 kc/s. Replies are made on 2845 kc/s. Tutuila Radio thus becomes the first and only Islands station to provide such a safety service. Centrally situated as Pago Pago is, an efficient distress watch there will serve craft over a wide circle of Island waters.

At the same time, Post & Telegraphs Chief Lemoine, of French Oceania, advises that Mahina Radio, Tahiti, has also established a 2182 kc/s distress and communications watch, thus further reducing the confusion of frequencies adopted by the various Pacific administrations.

Watches are: Monday to Saturday inclusive, 0000-0030, 0400-0430, 0500- 0530, 0700-0800, 1700-1800,, 2000- 2100 GMT. Sunday, 0400-0530, 1700-1800 GMT. Mahina also maintains R T watches with the French Oceania small-ships fleet, ships on 8226.2 kc/s, and Mahina replying on 8776 kc/s, commencing at the following times: 0030, 0230, 0610, 1615, 1800, 2100 GMT. Watches end when traffic has been cleared from vessels calling.

Uturoa and Taio h a e do not normally communicate directly with R T-equipped vessels, but they do maintain 500 kc/s distress watch at the following times and can alert Mahina when necessary: Uturoa, 0400-0500, 1700-1800 GMT; Taiohae, 0400-0530, 1630-1800 GMT. They do not maintain watch on Sundays, local date.

Weather bulletins by R/T (in French, of course), are broadcast from Papeete Meteo Centre at 0025 and 1825 GMT on 7500 kc/s, from Radio Tahiti broadcast station at 0515 and 2205 GMT on 7125 kc/s, and from Mahina Radio at 131 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1855

Wynne S. Breden K

PHOENIX SHIPYARDS - NEWCASTLE, N.S.W.

Ocean-Going Aux Ketch. 25 ton gross, 60 HP. Diesel.

Speed 8 1 Knots. 770 cu Hold. 350 cu. ft. in Aft. Cabin This and other types of vessels always under construction.

SHIPWRIGHTS, BOAT BUILDERS, MARINE ENGINEERS.

Builders of Island Vessels up to 160 tons gross. 40 ft. Workboats of 180 Bag Capaoitj and Other Commercial Craft. Complete and Beady for Sea. ("A Good Boat Is a Lasting Asset and not a Liability”) SKANDIA

Diesel Marine And Stationary Engines

Power Range 3 H.P.—425 H.P. tHiilil FOR: Acclaimed by hundreds of satisfied owners.

Ideal for Island use.

Built to last. m Sole Agents: NELSON & • Faithful Service. • Low fuel consumption • Easy starting PIT. LTD. 12 SPRING STREET, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA.

Cables: “IVAN”, SYDNEY. 0610 GMT on 8776 kc/s. For those who can copy morse and need a while to digest their French into English there is also a transmission on 432 kc/s at 0500 GMT by Mahina.

With Nukualofa also maintaining a 2182 kC/S watch, as reported in May PIM, there is increasing inducement for small-ship owners — and radio equipment manufacturers —to provide equipment with this 2182 kc s channel, which will undoubtedly become standard eventually, plus an alternative 6-8 mc/s working frequency for the longer distances.

ANOTHER SURGICAL JOB: Off on her second voyage following extensive and expensive repairs, the 183-ton Papeete vessel Hiro crashed onto a reef as she approached Taunoa Pass early on June 5. Fortunately she was in sheltered water —Taunoa Pass is the shallower eastern exit from Papeete—and was able to get clear and make her way to a -repair yard after passengers and cargo had been unloaded.

Considerable damage was done to her forefoot. Pending the marine Inquiry (Captain John Mervin, experienced local master mariner was in command), the Papeete waterfront bars have an interesting theory. Following the death of Mr.

Louis Hirshon some time ago, the vessel passed into Chinese ownership, and it is said that Hirshon would never have approved such a sale. The waterfront was quick to note that disaster occurred right off the beach of the late owner’s home.

In Polynesia such things do not happen without reason!

BY FIRE AND WATER:— Hiro will sail again—but Vahine Tahiti will not. This 49-ton auxiliary schooner took the count at 1 am on June 9 just 4 miles west of Makemo atoll, Tuamotu. There was plenty of water below in this case—but still not enough to put the fire out. : 132 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Looking For A

Marine Engine?

Engines tor every type of craft!

CHRYSLER

"Royal" "Crown"

"Ace" Engines

SPARES: Complete range of spare parts available.

L VEDETTE NAVIGATOR* MORRIS "Vedette" — 4 Cylinder 8/20 h.p.—petrol or kerosene.

"Navigator" 4 Cylinder 12/30 h.p.—petrol or kerosene.

Spare parts are available also for

American Sterling And Superior

DIESELS. • Large range of boat fittings.

LARS HALVORSEN SONS PTY. LTD.

BUILDERS

Halvorsen Boats

The 49-year-old Papeete-built vessel was burnt to the waterline ifter being abandoned without :asualty; cause of fire not stated; ill cargo lost.

Vahine Tahiti was built by Charles Brown Petersen—who surives her—for Monsieur Grand. She hanged hands seven times through he years and finally in 1949 was cquired by Chas. A. Palmer. Capain Maxim Pihatarioe officiated at he last rites.

Vahine Tahiti is the latest of sveral French Oceania vessels to ave been burnt at sea in recent ears. - CONTRACTS LET:—After lengthy slays the New Zealand Lepers’ rust Board has awarded a conact to build three 55 ft x 16 ft edical patrol ketches to the olditablished Auckland yard of harles Bailey Ltd. The contract ice for each is fStgig.SOO. The first ust be delivered within 13 months, id the other two at 4-month inrvals thereafter.

Originally there were to be four these craft, to be handed over spectively to the Anglican, ethodist, Catholic, and Presbyrian missions in the Solomons- New Hebrides area. The latter mission, however, decided that the funds could more profitably be applied to a cottage hospital.

The wooden craft will be used primarily in an anti-leprosy campaign, but will also be employed in general medical work. They will be well equipped with refrigerators, radio telephone sets, and powered with 90-hp diesels, and will carry a small sail area.

No Luck With Three:—For

the copra planter, and those venturesome souls who sail the tropic seas in small ships, life can be very much a game of chance. This is amply revealed in the life history of the late Mr. George Barratt, of Suva, who died at Levuka on April 8. Of the 23 cutters he owned, he lost every third one at sea.

His first venture, when trading at Natewa Bay, Vanua Levu, was to take a half share with his brotherin-law, Sidney Smith, in the Adi Maca. Embarking on his own he acquired the Ruve Cissie and Tadruku, and other cutters which some of the older Fiji residents will remember well. Later, with another brother-in-law, Harry Smith, he traded along the coasts in the cutters Variance and Adi Maca. On his own account he later bought the Tui Savu Savu.

In 1933, he moved into Suva, opened an office in Pier Street, and entered the shipping business there.

He commenced with the Tui Savu Savu, later purchasing the Ono-i- [?]per: "Mollis Pas III", well-known Noumea el which becomes a holiday vessel when big cruise liners are in port. ntre: "Polynesien" made her last voyage he Noumea-Sydney-Vila run in July. She ere shown leaving Sydney. wer, left: Norwegian yacht "Jenco": and [?] Dutch yacht "Seven Seas", taken at ete recently. 133 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - JULY, 1955

SIMPLEX TWIN CYLINDER Model B' 10'12 H.P. 1 FOR WORK OR PLEASURE BOATS TO 26 FT. 2 Models Standard and all Electric (illustrated.)

Sturdy ★ Economical ★ Reliable

Simplex Are

AUSTRALIA’S

Most Popular

MARINE ENGINES! *

5 H.P. Single Cylinder Model D'

► IDEAL FOR ALL TYPES OF CRAFT TO 20 FT. 3 Models—Direct Drive, Enclosed Clutch and Standard Reverse Gear (Illust.) © ◄ FOUR CYLINDER 15-20 H.P.

Suitable For Light Runabouts & Cruisers

All Electric, Compact and Smooth Running.

All Simplex engines are fitted with: ★ Thrustmatic Reverse Gears ★ Rollerotor Water Pumps ★ Water-Cooled Manifolds

Simplex -Perkins 3 Cyl. Diesel

32 H.P. AT 2,000 R.P.M. ► FOR WORK OR PLEASURE BOATS TO 36 FT.

Smooth running, light weight, all electric Other SIMPLEX PRODUCTS are: 300 W. TO 1500 W. GENERATING SETS

Centrifugal Governors

We also stock: 2.75 KVA. COVENTRY CLIMAX GENERATING SETS 134 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

SIMPLEX Build Your Own Marine Engine

< Simplex Conversion Kits

To Suit: ★ HOLDEN (lllust.) ★ FORD TEN

★ Austin A4O ★ Chrysler Six

We can supply complete Conversion Kits to suit above engines or individual parts.

Wrustmatic Reverse Gearboxes

12 (lllust.)—]Q H.P. ► T 3 -20 H.P. I At 1,000 RPM T 4 -30 H.P. J

K Modern In Design

★ Efficient In Operation

★ SPARE PARTS ALWAYS AVAILABLE ★ ■w m

< Coventry Codiva 4 Cyl. Diesel

30 H.P. AT 2,000 R.P.M.

• Fresh Water Cooling

• Hydraulic Reverse Gearbox

• 2-1 Reduction Gear. All Electric

We stock full range of

Wico Magnetos & Spares

Jap Engines & Spares

Or Full Descriptive

EAFLETS and PRICES RITE TO: Hardman & Hall 161 MISSENDEN ROAD, NEWTOWN, N.S.W., AUSTRALIA.

Cable: “SIMPLEXENG”. Phone LA 3597 135 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1855

The Ideal Refrigerator

For Small Ships!

MODEL 225 “Hardie & Spear” refrigerators are ideal for smallships, caravan or any type of mobile use.

The specially designed Mobile Kerosene Tank eliminates all danger of spilled kerosene or of fluctuation or instability of flame.'

Available In Three

SIZES There is a “Hardie & Spear” refrigerator for your home too.

Write for full particulars to the Sole Pacific Agents;— KERR BROS. PTY. LTD.

Box 3838, G.P.0., Sydney.

40 Ft. Army-Type Workboats

■ 1 Photo, shows 40 ft. Workboat built by us for Australasian Petroleum Co.

Pty. Ltd., Port Moresby, Papua-N.G.

These vessels and also 56 ft. K. class Copra Scows are in regular production in our yards with choice of engine installations.

For further particulars please write to: BJARNE HALVORSEN LTD.

JOHN STREET, BERRY'S BAY, NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.W., AUSTRALIA Lau; also going into partnership once more in the Adi Maca, later owning her.

But it was destined that he should never own three vessels. Tui Savu Savu was lost at sea with all hands, leaving him with One-i-Lau and Adi Maca. He tried his luck once more purchasing Tui Vasa Vasa, owned by a Mrs. Vine in which she sailed over from Australia. But he was not long with three boats, for Tui Vasa Vasa was lost on a reef at the back of Ovalau.

Again he increased his fleet to three, purchasing the Island Queen from Mr. C. W. Baker, of Nairai Island. Fate again intervened. Adi Maca collided with Tui Kauvara off Suva passage, sinking instantly.

He purchased the Loma Loma.

She was lost on a reef in the Lau Group.

Once again he went into partnership with Mr. Baker, who built the Fijian Princess, still trading to-day.

But before she was put in the water he took the precaution of selling the Oni-i-Lau.

He continued trading with Island Queen and Island Princess, later selling the former to BP’s—and she was lost on the first voyage. At the time of his death he owned the Fijian Princess and had recently acquired the Kadavu Levu.

But he once bought for scrap a 10,000-ton Liberty ship, Augustus Thomas, and the tug USS Grebe, wrecked on Vatoa reef during the war. With his usual humour George said he was then the largest shipowner in Fiji.

George Barratt was a big man with a heart to match his size. Wherever men sail cutters in Fiji waters he will be remembered. (FIR),

Sitting Cloud;—The Hdml

Flying Cloud, of Lord Howe, mentioned last month as still undergoing refit in the inner basin there, was blown ashore in a heavy blow late March, according to later advice. A rudder was lost but no other damage done, and the launch was to be refloated late June. 136 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Pacific Islands Transport Line

Owners: Thor Dahls Hvalfangerselskap A/S Sandefjord, Norway Motor Vessels "Thorsisle" and "Thorshall"

Regular Freight and Passenger Service between Pacific Coast Ports of U.S.A. and Canada and

Tahiti Samoa Fiji New Caledonia

New Hebrides New Guinea

GENERAL STEAMSHIP CORPORATION, LTD.

General Agents 432 California Street, San Francisco 4, Calif., U.S.A.

PAPEETE—Etablissements Donald Tahiti. APlA—Morris Hedstrom Ltd.

SUVA—Morris Hedstrom Ltd. NOUMEA—Etablissements Ballande.

PORT VlLA—Comptolrs Francals des LAE—Barns Phllp (New Guinea) Ltd.

Nouvelles Hebrides. SYDNEY—BIrt & Co. (Pty.) Ltd.

S. W. DAVIDS & SONS Cleveland Foundry

Townsville, Nth. Queensland

• General Engineers • Founders

• Blacksmiths • Boilermakers

• Slip Proprietors

2 Patent Slips—l,2oo ton, 100 ton

• Boat Builders & Shipwrights

Box 417 Telephone; 4067, 4068.

PAY CHANGES FOR SKIPPERS: -Islands ship masters whose salary s based on Australian rates are in or a windfall. The Federal Arbiration Court increased marginal wards in June. At the same time, lowever, the pilotage allowance dhch came in two years ago was bolished and skippers who enefitted from it will protest, as ; was worth more than the inreased margin.

Masters of small craft now receive s follows: Cargo vessels, below 60 rT, £79/8/6; 60-125 GT, £B7/2/-; J 5-250 GT, £9O/8/6; 250-500 GT, )7 4/6. For passenger vessels, below J 5 GT, £9O/8/6; 125-250 GT, )3 3/6; 250-500 GT, £99/14/6.

The increases are retrospective to larch 1. Other deck officers’ rates •e increase proportionately.

RAFT BLACKOUT: —T hough [M made inquiries of the Port aptain, Callao, as to whether the 55 Pacific raft drift had comenced and whether or not radio as to be carried, no reply had en received to late June. It is sumed that the raft and its twoan Peruvian crew did not sail. ro REPLACE “POM POM”:—The :w Zealand Government seems at ;t to have discovered what Cook land travellers have known for ars—that not in all the oceans there another vessel like Maui 'mare.

Towever, our interpretation of this ws item from New Zealand may different from what is intended.

Island Territories Department, it pears, has so far not found any isting vessel for sale anywhere ich they consider a suitable re- ,cement for the now laid-up Maui mare. It is believed that they ve abandoned any idea of spenda probable £lOO,OOO now called to give the “Pom Pom” a few ther years of life. The vessel i in Auckland’s “refit row” along- -3 the Western Viaduct, awaiting ■ fate.

Meanwhile the 700-ton refrigerd freighter Viti maintains cargo itact, and passengers travel by to Aitutaki.

DECOMMISSIONING?: There e been rumours for some time t the well-known 288-ton Kurirau, formerly of the western ific High Commissioner’s fleet I laid up in Ballina, NSW, under er ownership now, might change ids. Late May it was known that le men of the Vila Star, then i NSW port, transferred to Kuri- 'au as though to ready her for ew life, but the owners of Vila r would not comment, though it ears likely that Kurimarau may i go to sea again, either for her sent Sydney owner, Mr. Svere ?, or for someone else.

ASU DECOMMISSIONED; u, still unsold, was called back to Auckland from her Polynesian wanderings early June and decommissioned, all hands being paid off and the Fiji members repatriated to Suva by air.

There was a possibility of a sale at Auckland. The 300-tohner is part of the assets of the now bankrupt Tasman Steamships Co. and its subsidiaries, owners also of Viti. A possible sale of Vasu to Apia reported in May PIM, did not eventuate.

STILL FlSHlNG:—Captain Johnny Hill, well known in Fiji, who came to Australia with the tuna clipper Senibua several years ago after the Fiji tuna venture had failed, bought a vessel called Metal Monster in partnership with Mr.

Mick Reid recently and she is now being re-equipped as a tuna polefishing craft. Captain Hill has been fishing in various craft all round Australia in recent years. It is assumed that Metal Monster might be given a happier name before entering service.

Charting Continued: —The

long, slow task of improving Islands navigation charts received a further contribution this Autumn when HMNZS Lachlan carried out soundings at Alofi (Niue), and in Apolima Strait between Savaii and Upolu. and at the approaches to Apia. Another naval party worked in Suva Harbour. 137 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Mersey Shipyards

Devonport, Tasmania

pm n r o o

Copra Carrier

(at left) Length Overall 65 ft. 9 in.

Beam, 19 ft. 3 in.

Draft, 5 ft. 6 in.

Cargo Space, 3,000 cub. ft.

Steel Fishing Trawler

(below) Length, 40 ft.

Beam, 12 ft. 6 in.

Draft, 8 ft.

WE ALSO . . . design and build all types of fishing, commercial and pleasure craft.

All vessels in either wooden or steel construction.

Diesel Engineers Ship Repairs

Dutch Shipyards In Australia

Enquiries welcome. Copies of plans readily available.

J,—m r 7~- p*.

Proprietors: ROZEMA BROS. (formerly of Holland) Telephone Dev. 1119 138 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Marine Spares

Suppliers of all marine equipment, spare parts for diesels, benzine, outboards, etc., new and secondhand.

Prompt service. Marine Spares, 57 Railway Parade, Marrickville, N.S.W.

New Guinea Australia Line Regular Service from MELBOURNE, SYDNEY AND BRISBANE TO PORT MORESBY,

Samarai, Lae, Madang, Kavieng, And Rabaul

“Soochow” “Shansi”

“SINKIANG”

Agents for PAPUA: STEAMSHIPS TRADING CO. LTD.

Agents for NEW GUINEA: COLYER WATSON (NEW GUINEA) LTD.

General Agents: G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD.

6 Bridge St., Sydney

Telephones: BU 1712 8U6313 (Freight only) Cable Address: “YUILL”

SHIVER M’TIMBERS!:—There is ood news from England for owners 'f metal hulled vessels operating i waters where fouling is bad. An 8-months’ test on the 17,000-ton ner Union Castle and a 5-months’

“st on a vessel operating in the 'ar East have demonstrated the Bfectiveness of an electrical device hich transmits a continuous highitched vibration through the hull, mdering it intolerable for barnacles ad other marine life. The device not expected to be very expensive i small vessels. The inventor is a English bio-chemist, M. H. M mold.

ROCINANTE DESPATCHED: The New Hebrides Condominium Government’s new patrol craft Rocinante was despatched from the yard of Wynne S. Breden Pty.

Ltd., Newcastle, NSW, in June, under command of skipper George O’Brien.

As mentioned in April, Rocinante, 48 ft x 15 h ft x 5 1 ft, will have the distinction of sailing under two flags—French and British—flown simultaneously from twin staffs.

She will be commanded by a French skipper, Captain Yvonn Guined, lately of the New Caledonia coastal trade, who was to be picked up in Noumea en route to Port Vila.

Captain O’Brien, now British Superintendent of Works in Vila, is very well known throughout the Left: Rocinante” New Hebrides Condominium Government's new patrol craft from the yard of Wynne S. Breden, Newcastle. (Photo: Wynne S Breden). Inset: Captain George O'Brien, who delivered the craft. Right: Wandering yachtsmen met in Pago Pago Harbour in June. Left is Swains , now owned by the Jennings family of Swains Island but better known under her former name of "Alsirat".

Next is Jean Gau's "Atom" from New York; then comes Bob Grant's "Kerrigan”, American flag but formerly French, purchased at Papeete.

They lie alongside the Eastern Samoa Government's patrol vessel "Manu'a Tele". (Photo: Pan American Prints). 139 iCMF I C ISLANDS MONTHLT J U L Y . 1955

London - Suva

DIRECT VIA PANAMA For Sailings and Further Particulars Apply To:—

Bethell, Gwyn & Co. Ltd., Burns Philp (South Sea)

138 LEADENHALL ST., CO. LTD., LONDON, E.C.3. SUVA, FIJI Unking the Pacific Islands with Europe, West Indies, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa The new Shaw Savill Tourist Class Liner

S. S, 1 Southern Cross

■I / The one class tourist liner “Southern Cross”, on her second voyage round the world, calls at Suva (November 1, 1955) and Papeete (November 5, 1955), en route to England via Panama, Curacao and Trinidad; thereafter two eastbound and two westbound voyages each year form this vessel’s round the world itinerary.

Dates subject to alteration without notice.

Minimum Fares: To England from Suva via Panama £lO5 stg. via South Africa £132 stg.

From Tahiti via Panama £lOO stg. via South Africa £l5l stg.

For full particulars apply: Fiji Any Branch or Agency of Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd., Head Office: Suva.

Cable address: Burnsouth.

Tahiti Etablissements Donald Tahiti, Papeete Cable address : Donald Papeete. / Z South West Pacific, having delivered some 40 island vessels to various points from southern shipyards since 1945.

With him as engineer was Mr.

Jack Barley, who has for some time been British skipper of the Condominium’s other charge, the 70-ft Don Quijote, who is also very well known in WPHC shipping. (See Brett Hilder’s sketch, April PIM, p. 53).

Don Quijote, a twin-screw craft, was built in Brisbane about 5 years ago and is employed as a patrol craft for the two Resident Commissioners. Rocinante will transport the various District Agents round their areas. She has a small hold forward which will carry 3 to 4 tons of cargo. There is a 4-berth fo’c’s’le for crew, a settee bunk in the wheelhouse for the skipper, and two bunks in the saloon.

A SLW Gardner drives her at about 8 knots. The vessel was designed by marine architect Arthur Swinfield, of Sydney, who is now specialising in craft for Island work.

Aboard on the delivery voyage via Noumea were the wives of skipper and engineer respectively, and two other persons to be taken aboard in Noumea in addition to the French skipper.

Rocinante is the 71st ocean-going craft to be despatched from the Breden Phoenix Shipyard.

POLYNESIE COMING:—The new Messageries Maritimes vessel Polynesie for the Sydney-Noumea- Vila service cleared France, June 11, on her delivery voyage to Noumea, where she was due July 17 to take up the running from the Polynesien, as mentioned last month.

INTERESTING NEWCOMER: When this appears an interestingaddition to the New Hebrides interisland fleet should be entering the service of Mr. Georges Holland, of Emae Island. Named Anaconda, this 48 ft x 18 ft x 3 h ft diagonalplanked craft was being redesigned at the yard of Drummoyne Marine Services, Sydney, in June.

She had been built in England for the Royal Navy as an aircraft carrier tender, designed to ferry unserviceable aircraft between carrier and shore, two at a time. She came to Australia in an aircraft carrier and was decommissioned here.

When purchased by the Sydney shipyard some months ago she carried the Navy registration number B-21 and was given her present name by Mr. Holland.

Originally a powered deck-lighter, 140 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Captain W. L. Kennedy

(Established 1931.)

Shifbrokers, Business Cr Real Estate

63 Pitt Street, Sydney. ’Phone: BU 3797. Cables: “CAPKEN,” Sydney.

LISTING: DIESEL CARGO VESSEL.—I 39 ft. x 29 ft. x 11 ft., about 550 tons deadweight, 425 H.P. engine about 9 knots, in Survey and working. £lB,OOO.

NEW TWIX DIESEL VESSEL.—Suit cargo, 79 ft. x 20 ft. x 6 ft., engines each 90 H.P., spacious vessel, good accommodation, first class builder, vessel now ready to launch, prompt delivery. £17,500.

TUSA TYPE WOODEN TUG. —About 66 ft., powered with 250 HP. superior diesel. £B,OOO.

TRAWLER.—Suit cargo, 61 ft. x 18 ft. x 8 ft.. 102 H.P. Gardner marine diesel. £10,500.

CARGO VESSEL. —60 ft. x 17 ft. x 7 ft., copper sheathed, 160 H.P. marine diesel, mast and derrick, accommodation 2 aft. £8,400.

WORKBOAT.—33 ft. xlO ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 3 in., 30 H.P marine diesel. £2,200.

WORKBOAT —3O ft. x 9 ft. x 4 ft.. 21 H.P. Lister diesel, 2/1 reduction £1,700.

WORKBOAT.—26 ft. x 9 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 9 in.. 4 cyl. Universal marine 2/1 reduction. £B5O.

We shall be pleased to obtain independent Surveys of any craft we offer and subsequently arrange delivery either on ship’s deck or sea as desired.

SERVING ALL PARTS OF FIJI.

Carrying Passengers and Cargo S.S. "AI SOKULA"

Motor Vessels: "KOMAIWAI," "TOVATA" (t/s) All equipped with Radio telephone. Operating to time-tables published in the Press and announced from VRH Broadcasting Station.

ISLAND TRANSPORT LIMITED.

Managing Agents: W. R. CARPENTER & CO. (Fiji) LTD. ( SUVA, FIJI.

Telephone: 114—6 lines. P.O. Box 299. jhe is now given a hold with a :opra capacity of about 15 tons, and s powered with two 48-hp Lister liesels. She has twin rudders. She vas expected to clear Sydney early NEW SLIPWAY:—An important ievelopment in New Guinea waters 5 the completion of Madang Sliprays Ltd.’s new slipway, capable of .andling the largest vessels at preent in the inter-island trade. Previusly vessels larger than the 300mners could not be handled locally.

COSTLY WELCOME:—For racig alongside the Jap tuna motherlip Tenyo Maru as she berthed for linkers in Suva in June, and >udly acclaiming, with the aid of ime alcoholic stimulus, that Fijians ad Japanese were after all, all the ime colour, Latia Kaunawana, >und guilty of being drunk and isorderly, was fined £3 in a Suva ourt.

SIX-MONTHS BABY:—Launched rematurely last March when a flood vept down the Mary River, but me the worse for the experience -she was gently returned to the adle as the flood subsided —the ;-ton Magi was completed and jspatched to New Guinea in June r Capricorn Charters of Mary- »rough. Magi was the eighth of ;r type to come from the Caprirn Yard, and was for use by the stitute of Economic Services, rung copra from Abau to Port oresby.

Captain G. A. Wyeth, who has r orn a groove” between Maryrough and the Islands delivering ssels, cleared for north on June with Mr. Don Dewar as Mate id two Papuan crew-men, plus NG Administration passagerker. The vessel measures 45 ft 14 ft x 41 ft and a Gardner 6LW isel drives her at 9i knots.

Mobile Hospital: The

fdical patrol vessel Heduru was nded over to the P-NG Medical rvice by the Sydney yard of irne Halvorsen Ltd. late June, for ; in the Delta Division of Papua. duru’s hull is the popular Bjarne Ivorsen copra scow —56 x 16 ft 5 ft extreme draught—but the :k structures and hold are to suit ; service intended. A 6LW rdner diesel provides the motive ver. She will carry a European ster, 7 native crew, and 7 medical sonnel, including 4 native nurses.

Port Moresby the hold, which has ommodation for 8 patients, will ) be equipped as an operating atre. r eduru brings the Medical Serfs fleet up to 3 vessels—the others the converted 66 ft trawlers iwae and Hekhaha. Her shallow ught (she will only draw 4 ft) make her ideally suited to Delta ies. She will operate 500 miles tream to Lake Murray and also the various tributaries. Surgical is will be taken aboard and, if essary a surgeon then flown from Port Moresby to a suitable point, so that individual patients will not normally have to be brought all the way to Port Moresby. Hekhaha serves all coastal areas east of Port Moresby and Madang, and Arawae, based on Rabaul, serves all other areas. All vessels are, of course, equipped with radio telephone sets.

Captain F. G. Squire, normally master of the Administration patrol vessel Thetis, took over for the delivery voyage. Present also during harbour trials were Mr. D. E.

Watkins, Superintendent of Stores and Supply, P-NG; Mr. L. Goodridge representing Department of Territories; Mr. W. D. Brown, Procurement Officer, Department of Territories, who checked technical performance; and Mr. H. S. Wynne, of APC, observing the new vessel as a matter of interest to his Company which has large oil-search interests in the Delta Division of Papua.

A photo will appear next month,

Down To The Sea With

OLIVER:—The well-known Oliver Corporation, whose tractors and other farming equipment are well known in Australasia and the Islands, has recently entered the marine business with a si-hp outboard motor called the Oliver Challenger.

The designers apparently had the comfort of fishermen in view—it has 141 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

Resistance to wear Penta's strong point H Ji Model U-ii of 4 H.P. is a motor to a class by itself.

With its low revolution rate (1.400 r.p.m. only) and it* large, slow-running 3-bladed propeller (14 */i6", 700 r.p.m. only) it has a unique propelling power for heavy boats combined with small fuel consumption.

U-21 is a really robust quality motor with i. a. bronze in exposed underwater parts to resist salt water, blows and shocks, and has gained a world wide renown for its reliability and resistance to wear. Ask for catalogue. psnta SHIPCHANDLERY Navigation Lamps Anchor Winches Port Lights Steering Wheels C.Q.R. Anchors Aldis Lamps Ash Oars Compasses Koplastic Antifouling Rylard Varnish Lagoline Hull paint Dulux Yacht White Nonskid Deck Paint FW Engine Enamel Seamflex Putty Min tor Marine Qlue Copper Nails Copper Roves Copper Tacks Copper Rod Brass Rod Brass Screws Brass Bolts Copper Sheet Wire Rope Chain Shackles Thimbles Turnbuckles Swivels Steel Blocks Wood Blocks

Simplex Marine Engines

Australia’s finest marine engine.

Heavy duty construction for use in tropical waters. Simplex engines are made in four sizes,, 3 H.P., 5 H.P., 12 H.P. and 20 H.P. There is a model for all boats up to 30 ft. long. Easy starting, balanced running, rugged power. Simplex are the easiest to instal and operate. Simplex also provide maximum propulsive efficiency at medium RPM with wonderful economy. Ask for catalogue.

Kopsen Motor Launches

dab-- 14 FT. OPEN 18 FT. CABIN 20 FT. CABIN 22 FT. CABIN Available with carvel or clinker planking, powered with Simplex marine engines or with the larger Penta marine engines. Kopsen launches are built to standardised marine architects’ plans with first quality timber and copper fastenings. Built for work or pleasure.

I ft cm i* RUIN BSTIK KOPLASTIC ANTIFOULING The only true positive plastic antifouling which lasts for 2 or 3 seasons. Stops weed and barnacles and is a great protection against; marine borer. Koplastic is a great insurance against damage to wooden hulls. The most satisfactory antifouling for use in tropical waters. Available in red only in all size containers.

Copper Sheathing Metal

Boat sheathing metal in sheets 48 in. x 14 in. in 14 oz., 16 oz. or 18 oz. weight (approximately 25 gauge, 24 gauge and 23; gauge). Soft rolled and made of pure, electrolytic copper. We can supply anyj quantity, and also sheathing felt and copper nails.

ASK FOR NEW BOAT & ENGINE CATALOGUE OR SHIPCHANDLERY CATALOGUE W. KOPSEN & CO. PTY. LTD. 376-382 Kent Street, Sydney. Cables—Kopsen, Sydney. 142 JULY, 1059 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

GoArstDat Don’t let coughing, sneezing, wheezing attacks of Asthma and Bronchitis poison your system, sap your energy, ruin your health and weaken your heart.

Mendaco, a famous new American scientific medicine, starts immediately to circulate through the blood, quickly curbing the attacks. The very first day the thick phlegm is dissolved, thus giving free, easy breathing and letting you sleep the night through in peace and comfort. Get Mendaco from your chemist or store to-day under positive guarantee to return ycur money If not entirely 'snt'cflp'* The AMPLION Lighting Plant

(Petrol Electric Generator)

will give you BETTER and BRIGHTER electric light Runs eight to ten hours on a gallon of petrol.

Will supply up to twelve forty watt lights.

Model 300, 12 volts, 300 watts (25 amps) D.C.

Model 400, 32 volts, 320 watts (10 amps) D.C.

Weight 60 lbs (Both Models) Price £B9'tO'Q Ail plants are fitted with 4 cycle air-cooled engines, press-button starting, automatic cut-out, float-feed, ball bearings and petrol filters, etc. 0 Manufactured Bv MODELS 300 and 400 Write for illustrated catalogue.

AMPLION (A'SIA) PTY, LTD. Sydney, Australia Cables Telegrams—AMPLlON, SYDNEY reverse gear and —according to the drporation’s own words—a semieedless propeller to protect them ■om “unpleasant interruptions.”

News of Cruising Yachts • Rarotonga Sailing Club, whose itivities vary with the number of yachtg enthusiasts stationed at the island, is just concluded a rather active season, le Club’s 1954-1955 fleet consisted of ur 18 ft. outrigger sailing canoes (with rrectly tailored European-type sails), id three Moth skimmers. Five trophies ;re raced for. The Club hopes to have me more Moths in the water for the xt season. • HAPPY RETURNS cleared an English rt in mid-June with owner Tom Ackland, scribed as a Christchurch, NZ, engineer d a fisherman, and four other crew *mbers aboard. The 45 ft. ex-lifeboat bound for NZ via Panama so should pear in Polynesian waters next Winter all goes well. Ackland plans to use • vessel for fishing. 9 JELLICOE, probably to be renamed ;OWN BEAR, a 30-footer of the famous iVO ESPERO type, is also being readied ir Plymouth, England, for a cruise to w Zealand. Owner Lieutenantmmander R. M. Bailes, RN, who jears to have had some naval service New Zealand waters, has been inlated with prospective cruising cppilions. Bailes, 31, plans to select one y, and hopes to sail August 1. She I be the shortest waterline craft ever make the distance if she reaches NZ. ► CHIQUITA, 35 ft. Auckland reverseer cutter which cruised through eastern Polynesia late in 1952, and has since been cruising both U.S. coasts in search of buyer, was finally sold by owner Jack Campbell at Boston early this June. • NAITAMBA was in the news again late in May, when a court action developed in Wellington, NZ. American owner Richard K. Smith, now resident in Wellington, had advertised for two men to help him sail NAITAMBA down from Los Angeles. John R. Dobson, a NZ radio announcer, one of the men selected, brought action against Smith for £4BB for alleged breach of contract, but the court found in favour of Smith. The two selected men had been ordered off the yacht before sailing, when they had complained about dirty conditions aboard.

Other assistance was obtained by Smith and the two men had to find their own way back to NZ. • SKOAL, 30 footer out of Miami, Fla., cleared Balboa April 30 for Brisbane via French Oceania, the Cooks, Samoa, and Fiji. With P. A. Linvill and J. A. Shakely aboard. SKOAL left Miami in May, 1953, arriving there two months later. Linvill then took employment for two years at an ice cream plant and his companion returned home, both to earn more funds to continue the cruise into the Pacific.

SKOAL is a Tahiti ketch. • TAHITI, another Tahiti ketch, which came down to Papeete from Honolulu last Winter, is back again. With Lorrin A. Smith and Phillip Schroder aboard, the little 4-tonner reported in on June 5 direct from Hilo, Hawaii. TAHITI will soon head on for New Zealand. • MOANA, French 36 footer, reported in May PIM, cleared Taiohae May 30 for Uapou, the Tuamotu, and Papeete, having called at the Galapagos since clearing Balboa March 15. • SEVEN SEAS of Holland (May PIM) arrived Papeete direct from Panama on June 4, having sailed March 14. Next stop said to be NZ en-route to Australia, where the voyage will end. Lonehander Andreas Bounmeester is captain and crew. • JENCO, Norwegian 4!) footer (May PIM) cleared Papeete June 6 for Napier, 143 ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

"Purity" Flour

"Turtle" Sharps

Products Of

WISE BROS. PTY. LTD.

(0 Martin Place, Sydney

AGENTS: PEARCE S CO.

Suva. Fiji

NOW ... A LIGHT , FAST 32' GENERAL

Service Launch

L irr %

Construction Co. Ltd

Aluminium Alloy Craft

Specially Designed For

Inter-Island Use

Careful thought to local conditions resulted in this new craft, perfectly suited to island and river use.

Length overall, 32 feet; Beam, Bft. 4ins.: Depth, 3ft. 4-ins.; Draught loaded, 2ft. 3ins.; Shell plating, ins.; Engine , 4-cylinder Gardner ; Power, 48 h.p. at 1200 r.p.m.; Fuel capacity, 15 gallons; Lifting weight, 2 7 tons; Speed, 10 knots. You can depend on Fairmile barges, tugs, landing craft, pontoons, fishing boats and other craft.

Initial Enquiries To

Head Office In Victoria

HARFLEET & WEIGHT LTD.

HEAD OFFICE: Fjockhart iSt., Abbttmford. Vic. J 82721 Sydney Office: MuM«ns & Roselle’ WB 378 S N S.W *' F u a« « Dfvision. . , X F 3 7 I 2 NZ, direct, arriving safely July 4. There the Jenssen family plan to settle. • SEA WANDERER. with authoryachtsman Edward Allcard lonehanding, is preparing to sail from Plymouth later this year. A circumnavigation is planned for the 36 footer. • YANKEE, Irving Johnson’s 96 ft. brig, was due home at Gloucester, Mass., on May 1 and presumably got there on time. She was reported at St. Thomas, Virgin Is., late March. • Joseph Albrecht, ex-Luftwaffe pilot, with wife, two small sons, and five friends, had reached Santa Lucia, Venice, in his 53 ft. ketch HERCA in June. This yacht, said to be slowly heading for the Pacific and Australia, was reported in PIM last August as having left Genoa some time earlier —so progress is slow indeed. • TE ATA, which cleared Auckland April 30 for Fiji, put back with Lloyd Taylor ill. The cruise is cancelled until next year, • GESTURE, another Auckland yacht which was preparing to head for the Islands, has also been held up with clearance difficulties and is not expected to sail. • WAKAYA, which cleared Auckland early June, arrived Nukualofa June 19, 17 days out on the first leg of a reported voyage to the US where an attempt will be made to sell the yacht. W'ith owner Ted Hayes is his wife, of Tonga, and Peter Bird. 9 SPRINGBOK, little 36 ft. Seabirdtype yacht which came down through Polynesia from San Francisco to Auckland in 1948, is brought to mind again in a news item from New Zealand. SPRING- BOK was manned by South African A.

T. Hanson and Seychelles Islander Philip Hoareau. The yacht was sold in Auckland and renamed FORERUNNER, and as such she cruised, under new ownership, to Fiji about three years ago.

Hoareau got a job in New Zealand. He is now planning to' ordss the Tasman Sea. from Milford Sound to “some Australian port” in a 16 ft. dinghy late this year.

He will ride to a sea-anchor at nights and reckons to make 25 miles per day.

The trip has been carefully planned and he will be well equipped within the limitations of the craft’s size. The authorities admit that they have no power to prevent him making the attempt. 144 JULY. 195 5 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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A F|j( REPRESENTATIVES Mr. K. WITH ERI N GTO N, 2 Burns Philp Buildings, SUVA AUSTRALIA & NEW GUINEA: T. H. BENTLEY Pty. LTD. 123-125 William St.. MELBOURNE, C.I. id found that Dr. Steenson was e senior official in the little ttlement. He was forthwith taken l board for interrogation. He was i the grill for some hours and en, to his own surprise, was peritted to return to the beach, rowg himself the six miles there. He d one quaint experience. A bitter nd was blowing when he reached e destroyer, and to curb his ivers the Japs handed him three •ge Union Jacks in which to drape nself. He was still wearing this newhat original costume —to the lazement of his friends —when he Tie ashore. So much for the Japs' eged lack of humour.

Late in the afternoon, the gstioning, looting and boatashing complete, the Japanese ik their departure, taking with un the Helena and her native w and as many stores as they ild put into her. They towed her Butaritari behind a destroyer, at >ut 15 knots, and it was learned sr that that junketing had almost led the bows out of her.

ACK on Tarawa the Europeans began to take stock. The Japs were gone, for the moment at st. They were alive, and free, if ng confined to Tarawa could be led freedom. At first glance re seemed little chance of escape boat—the Japs had made a tty thorough job of putting these of action. liey settled down into an uneasy et, broken on December 25 when y were visited briefly by another lanese warship, and on January by a large sea-plane, which ;hted on the harbour and disged another party of officials. ) came ashore for a couple of irs to look the Tarawa comuity over. The only noteworthy dent of this visit seems to have ;en out of the Japs’ desire to 1 a refrigerator for their Comidant. They looked over all those liable and then settled for that Dr. Steenson’s bungalow. They :ied it painstakingly over the t to the jetty only to find that would not go into their little ber dinghy. It was earmarked collection at some future date, y now’ six weeks had passed e the Japs’ first visitation—but without a certain amount of iveness on the part of some of Europeans. It was inconceiv- ■ that they would allow them the of Tarawa indefinitely and that Japs would not, in time, come some decision as to their fate. seemed imperative to the iier souls that they should :e good the breathing space wed them and try to escape, s resolve w T as strengthened by discovery, after the first visit the Japs, that one of Burns ip’s launches was not irretrievably damaged and the further discovery of a new’ diesel engine in Burns Philp’s store.

But there were others who, overcautious, were prepared to wait in the hope that the initiative would be taken out of their hands and that Authority—now a somewhat nebulous affair in far, far, off Suva— would send a ship or a plane to the rescue.

Nine days after the first Jap visit, Captain Stead, Nimanoa’s Chief Officer, who had already shown hiwself a man of decisive action, was hard at work on the leastdamaged launch, installing, with the help of the ships’ engineers, the new’ diesel engine. A certain amount of understandable agitation was felt by the amateur boat-builders when the Japs paid their second visit on Christmas Day, but the boat escaped their attention and a few days later was pronounced ready for sea.

The small community met together to discuss the venture but now the majority of them were struck by the immensity of the task —the large expanse of unconcealing ocean, the frequency of Jap air reconnaissance, the great distance between them and safety in Suva.

One by one they backed out, leav- 145 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955 War Came to the South Pacific (Continued from page 16)

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“I will go in a sailing boat if meone will volunteer to come th me!” said Stead.

There was no response.

Another month went by and all is made ready again. Another nference was called. Still the me reluctance to take to the sea. iptain Harness said that he still nsidered the reconnaissance too )se and that he would not take e responsibility of trying to get e launch and life-boat of evacuees rough to safety. He resigned the idership. Dr. Steenson and Hunt, 'ond engineer of the Nimanoa, resed to go without Captain Harness t Stead took on the job of leaderip. rhat night, however, as they ided the last of the stores into 0 launch, Sinclair, chief-engineer the Nimanoa, suddenly pulled out. ft thus without an engineer, Stead d to abandon the trip—in the inch, anyway.

Ne can imagine with what baffled ?e Stead called off his cherished ape plan for the second time, reiterated what he had said after 1 first failure—that he would go alone if he must. This brought one response.

A young Chinese-Gilbertese, Yee- On, who had been a sailor in the Nimanoa for a month or so but who was then acting as a house-boy, approached Stead. “I will go with you,” he said, “even if you go in a canoe.”

After the reluctance of the Europeans this was encouragement indeed, and Stead therefore began to look for a suitable boat without loss of time.

Two German-Marshallese, Fritz and Henry Reiher, had repaired a sailing boat for their own use in the lagoon, and, to use his own words, Stead “fixed his eye upon it.”

None of those who properly could be said to constitute Authority upon the atoll were encouraging, either when Stead showed signs of wanting to commandeer this boat, or in suggesting other boats. The little community, out on the end of a limb, ripe fruit for Jap plucking, were strangely bound by Governmental red tape as to what could, or could not be done. There was even some argument as to what the Government, now almost ungetatable in Suva, would pay for.

Captain Harness wished to keep the Nimanoa’s life-boat to tow behind the launch when he considered it safe for a large party to go, so Stead did not ask for that; but when Murray Chambers, one of the survivors from the torpedoed Donnerail, signified that he was willing to leave with him, the two men approached Henry Reiher and told him that they were forced to take the boat that he and his brother had repaired but that they would pay £lO for it. Both the Reihers refused to take anything for the boat; on the contrary, they were co-operative and wished the voyagers luck.

THE morning of February 9 was spent loading stores and making ready for sea and when all was complete, Mr. Jenner appeared and announced that he, too, would go along. The members of the party, now four in number, left the jetty at 2.30 pm. As they sailed down the lagoon a Japanese plane passed overhead but took little notice of them.

The boat was double-ended, rather narrow of beam and carvel built.

She was 24-ft long and carried a mainsail and staysail. In moderate winds and smooth water she sailed well but she was so low amidships

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K8.155.HP that she was not safe to sail in a strong breeze or a sea way.

Stead had been told by the Islanders that she wanted plenty of live ballast —at least ten men. However, not having the ten men, Stead loaded her with 600 pounds of iron ballast, plus the stores and water tie carried, and as an extra precaution, he lashed four empty 44gallon drums in her in case she filled.

Stead’s idea was to get to Nonouti, in the Southern Gilberts, by way of Maiana and Abemama. That was the first objective—Nonouti; but if necessary he was prepared to go on still further —somewhere, so long as It offered reasonable means of escape from the Japanese.

A two hours’ sail took the small party to Bairiki, where F. L. G.

Holland and R. G. Morgan made them welcome and provided them with an excellent dinner before they went on their way again.

By 10.30 pm, Stead calculated that there was sufficient water in the passage between Betio and Bairiki to let them through to the open sea. To make matters more difficult it was a period of neap tides but after a few minor bumps and shipping a few gallons of water they got through and were on their way in deep water. The Government station at Maiana was reached at 9.30 am next day.

Here they were made welcome and here also they found another boat, smaller than their Tarawa boat but more seaworthy. Here, also they were held up for almost ten days by bad weather, during which they painted their new boat, transferred sails, stores ballast and the oil! drums and waited, as patiently as possible, for the weather to moderate 148 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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A.t 6.45, on February 20, they tally made the choppy sea and ?an the long beat round the north Lnt of Maiana until they could set “ small boat on her course for emama. By mid-morning on the lowing day they had sighted emama and a little after noon had reached the government ,tion. rhey were again welcomed by the tive officials and by two of the w Zealand soldiers who had taken coast-watching posts on the ill (and who subsequently were rdered by the Japanese). laptain Stead records that he did ; have a pair of parallel rulers i that a Private Howe made him eally fine pair. lere at Abemama, Jenner and aimers left the party, having de a deal with a Euronesian to e them to Nonouti in a cutter er extensive repairs had been de. Both had had enough of in boats and anything with a k looked good to them, itead, however, elected to carry and get to Nonouti as soon as sible and Yee-On carried on with i. The weather again held them for a few days but on February it had moderated sufficiently to fe. But once outside they found t the wind had again freshened i that there was a heavy sea rung. Soon the second reef had to taken in the sails and the boat lively, shipping much water, for whole of the passage. Yee-On sea-sick, but always willing to his share. fter 16 hours at the tiller, Capi Stead was in over the passage into the quiet waters of Nonouti >on, and journey’s end was in it. t Nonouti, the RSC Degei, er the command of Captain I. Webster, was expected within veek. In the early hours of •ch 9, Captain Stead went out neet her. After three months alarms, doubts and excursions, tain Webster, he said, looked a figure of a man to him, the ei “as substantial as a battle- * * * EANTME, back on Tarawa, all hope of relief by plane had gone. There was now only two rnatives, escape by the route ady taken by Stead and his y, to connect up with the relief i which they now knew could i them off from the still comitively safe Southern Gilberts; n indefinite stay on Tarawa, n February 27, two days after id had already arrived at outi, they left Tarawa in the ich which towed two life-boats party of 24 in all. Apart from missionaries and the New Zeai coast-watchers, there were l left in the northern Gilberts five Europeans—R. G. Morgan, L. Sadd, A. M. McArthur, B.

Cleary and J. R. Handley. Their fate, together with that of the 17 New has been recorded in PIM.

The launch with its two lifeboats in tow and with the inevitable delays caused by the chancy weather of those latitudes, plus one alarm when a Japanese plane passed overhead, reached Nonouti on March 9 by way of Maiana and Kuria.

They made rendezvous with Webster outside the reef as he was steaming north to search for them.

They transferred immediately, joining Stead and the three original members of his party and 11 survivors of the USS Prusa, who had, in late January, 1942, been cast up on Nikunau, in the Southern Gilberts, after being at sea in an open boat for 31 days.

The party of 40 landed at Suva on March 18, 1942.

But Many Did Not Escape MANY, of course, did not escape.

And concerning these, the most disgraceful episode was the sacrificing of about 300 men civilians at Rabaul (all women and children had been evacuated from the Territory in December, 1941).

The defence of Rabaul was in the hands of the 2 22nd Battalion, AIF, which had been garrisoned there for a couple of years before the Japanese invasion of January, 1942.

There was also some attempt at 149 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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VIRGO ARIES TAURUS & ★ * LIBRA SCORPIO * GEMINI CAPRICORN & * 5532 AQUARIUS LEO defence instruction. But the inese invasion was well organand overwhelming and the ic defence put up by the Rabaul of the New Guinea Volunteer ;s, the 2/22nd, and the men of RAAF in their half-dozen outed Wirraway planes, lasted a ter of hours, and then the al order was, “Every man for (elf.” the weeks following January 942, hundreds of soldiers were ded up by the Japs (hundreds thers were helped to escape by Coast Watchers) and so were t 300 Rabaul civilians. These ners were eventually shipped r to Japan in the Montevideo i, which was bombed about , 1942, near the Philippines. All oard were lost. news was received of these all through the war, but their ; and relatives assumed or ly, perhaps, hoped—that they still alive somewhere, probably ipan. our issue of September, 1945 — first after the Japanese sur- ?r—we described how the Denent of Territories had set up •ge Prisoners’ Welfare Section ydney to deal with and take of released civilian internees.

But “unhappily, there is little for the Section to do. . . There is one explanation of circumstances for which relatives of missing men must be prepared. It definitely is a possibility that the great majority of the civilians were placed aboard a ship in Rabaul about June, 1942, and that that ship was lost. .

In August, the New Guinea organisations which had flourished in Sydney during the War had held a celebration in the Paddington Town Hall. By September hope was beginning to fade for the civilian internees. By October, almost 200 New Guinea women knew that after waiting for 3i years for their men, for three years they had been widows.

The men who were lost were the cream of the old New Guinea population. Heads of Government departments, leading public servants, planters, merchants —the great majority of them veterans of the First World War —had gone.

The tragedy was, of course, that they should have been alive.

In early January, 1942, there arrived in Rabaul the motor-vessel Herstein, to load copra. By this time those in authority could already see the writing on the wall and the Government Secretary, Mr.

H. H. Page, who was acting Administrator at the time, radioed Canberra on at least two occasions asking permission for the Herstein to be utilised to carry the civilian 151 FIC ISLANDS MONTHLY—-JULY, 1955

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Tallerman & Co. population away to safety in Ausl tralia. Permission was refused. I During the invasion of Rabaul, on January 23, Herstein was bombed by the Japs, set on fire and subsel quently sank. A picture of her pro! peller salvaged from Rabaul harbour in 1954, appeared on a PIM cover last year.

No one will ever know why the| civilians of Rabaul were denied help; or why their lives and the Herstein were wantonly thrown! away. Canberra and the guilty men who are responsible have main] tained a stubborn silence for 13 years.

Could It Be?

Plenty of Berths in Ship from Suva to NZ GRIM memories of sea travel be-J tween the Islands and New Zea-I land in the war-time and post-1 war years were revived for many people in Fiji when, in June, the Union Steam Ship Co. advertised several times at Suva that “plenty of berths” were available in a ship bound from Suva to Lyttelton and Wellington. It may, of course, have! been merely a flash in the pan.

“Plenty of berths” . . . Shades of the Matua’s “Jungle” and “Imperial Suite”!

For years, women passengers ingly, or otherwise, endured the rigours of the Jungle—jam-packed accommodation in what had been the charming pre-war music room, and men retired to the Imperial Suite —sardine-plan mattresses on a ’tween-decks hatch top. Full fares were paid.

In recent years the general public have found that Matua and Tofua berths between Fiji and New Zean land are normally anything but plentiful. And people who before the war delighted in the Islands Round Trip from Auckland look upon it nowadays as wishful think -i ing, except for the fortunate fewj There are signs that competition is coming back to the Pacific passenger routes, but whether old j time sea travel among the tropical islands will ever return is very doubtful.

Meanwhile, consider a report id a Sydney newspaper in December! 1905: Captain Menmuir has just berthed Lever Brothers’ 1141-ton Upolu at Balmain. Aboard were nine passengers. Upolu had left Sydney on September 10, thereafter calling at Suva, Niue, Suwarrow, Manihikij Rakahanga, Penrhyn, Flint, Christ-j mas, Fanning, Apia, Swains, the Tokelau and Phoenix Groups, Pago Pago, Apia, most of the Ellice Islands, Gavutu, and then back to Sydney.

Trips like that were constantly available for the price of the Suva- Auckland fare of to-day. 152 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Sate Agents: Papua-New Guinea and Solomon Islands for— Docfce & Co., Bremen (Cardock Bush Knives, Hatchets, Axes, etc., including AH Trade Lines).

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Specialising in Piecegoods and Mosquito Nets for Native Issue TRADE ENQUIRIES INVITED—ALL TYPES OF MERCHANDISE SUPPLIED OVERSEAS INDENTS ARRANGED. at was being used in Sweden and nland. At the end of 1927, a parate company, Guinea Airways, is formed with a capital of 9,000, and Mustar went to Europe see the Junkers for himself.

By April, 1928, the first Junkers 34, a low-winged monoplane of rrugated duralumin, with one gine, was in service for Guinea rways in New Guinea, and by 29 three other W34s had joined it.

'J HEN Placer Development took r over the option on the Bulolo valley leases from Guinea Gold J feasibility of the venture hinged whether or not any aircraft sted that was capable of transrting the largest single piece of edging machinery that would be pessary—a tumbler-shaft that ighed 6,950 pounds. This was far fond the capacity of a singlejined Junkers, but after much instigation, it was shown that a ikers G3l, a three-engined interpart of the W 34, could do i job—with about 150 lb. to spare. 7he transportation of dredging chinery from the coast to Bulolo :an in April, 1931, and in the :t 12 months 2,500 short tons of ivy machinery had been safely ded at Bulolo. The first dredge, assembled on the spot, went into operation there in March, 1932.

In the years after 1927, many airfreighting companies and many pilots followed the pioneers. It was calculated that in the first seven years, over 50 types of aircraft were used on the goldfields. By the early thirties residents of New Guinea had become the most air-minded people in the world. They took a plane with less thought than the suburban dweller takes a bus.

By the middle thirties, the various air transport companies were flying to 35 aerodromes in Papua and New Guinea—and more were being added each month. Prospectors and Administration officials pushed out into unknown country, set up a base camp and built a landing strip.

Within days, there would be a plane landing on it.

With competition, fares and 153 Diminishing Distance in the Air-Minded Pacific (Continued from page 33) CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Sydney Brisbane Adelaide Perth

«7« ight rates came down. In 1927, en passengers were actively disiraged, the fare from Lae to Wau 3 as much as £33; later it was uced to £25 in and £15 out; in next few years it fell to £5 in, I 30/- out. Freight rates that i started at 1/6 per pound in 7 were down to 3d in 1935. [y the time the first PIM (eared, Ray Parer had pioneered first service from Salamaua and u to Port Moresby. As a photoph (page 27) shows, he used the leer airman’s usual landing and — the beach. In a PIM of ly 1931, our notes from Papua itioned a landing strip that was ing some use at Kila Kila but, said, “Parer prefers to use a :e salt pan at Galley Reach, west 5 ort Moresby.”

Services Bridge Oceans * May 30, 1938, after much delay, the Sydney-Rabaul air service was inagurated. The contract gone to WRC Airlines, who I a de Havilland 10-seater bile of metal construction and i four engines. The service was ‘-weekly, later increased to twice week. Leaving Sydney at 7 am i Tuesday, the aircraft reached imaua at 4 p.m. the following day on the Thursday, went on to aul.

About the same time, Pan American Airways became interested in a San Francisco-Auckland (NZ) service with giant flying-boats, but following a fire which destroyed the “Samoa Clipper” at Pago Pago on January 11, plans had to be reorganised.

This was a period of great expansion along international airroutes. As a logical continuation of the Sydney-UK flying-boat route, British Imperial Airways was planning a Sydney-Auckland link, later expected to extend to Suva, Fiji.

The Tasman link was forged in 1940, but the war put an end to the Suva extension.

Meanwhile, PAA had laid down bases at Canton Island and Noumea and by the end of 1939, unscheduled flights were taking place. There was considerable speculation as to whether PAA would obtain from Australia permission to extend its service to Sydney—but this was not forthcoming.

Although both BIA (its Tasman link was called Tasman Empire Airways, and Imperial Airways, Qantas and Union Airways were all financially interested) and PAA were ready to operate their chosen services, many months of delay ensued and in April, 1940, PIM said they were “still at the mercy of politicians and bureaucrats” and that the whole position was becoming farcical. TEAL did not get the all-clear signal until April, 1940.

Pan American finally got started in July of the same year, the route from America being via Honolulu, Canton Island and Noumea to Auckland.

In November, 1941, after further delay, Suva was included in the route but the following month came Pearl Harbour and the end 155 ■IFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1055

A. B. DONALD LTD.

Auckland, New Zealand

Island Traders And General

MERCHANTS P.O. Box 1509. Cables and Telegrams: “Kingdom,” Auckland.

A. H. Bunting Ltdj

Samarai Papua

Branches at: ORO BAY AND POPONDETTA.

SOLE AGENTS IN PAPUA/NEW GUINEA FOR;

Samarai Agents For:—

Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd.

South British Insurance Co.

National Mutual Life Association Polarizers (U.K.), Ltd.—Polaroid Sun Glasses.* C.S.A. Industries, Eng.—Dual Freeze Refrigerators.

Webley & Scott, Ltd.—Shot Guns, Air Pistols, etc.

E. K. Cole, Ltd., London.—“Ekco” Radio Receivers.

“Getula.”—Nylon Monofilament Fish Lines.

Davison Paints, Ltd., N.S.W.—Paint for Tropical Conditions. • Trade mark patented In U.S.A., Great Britain, and other countries.

Regular Supplies Of Eastern Goods

Wholesale & Retail Merchants Importers Planters

of that particular phase of commercial aviation across the Pacific.

TEAL’S Tasman service was continued throughout the war, for “priority” passengers.

The War Was Not All Loss AIR transportation received a great stimulus from war-time development in aircraft construction, and the fact that during the war, aerodromes had been built on Pacific islands which never before warranted expenditure of that sort. These factors set the stage for a giant leap forward when hostilities ceased.

The end of the war brought with it in British countries, a mad splurge of nationalisation—and airways were high on the priority list of power-hungry “new world” socialists. British airlines were nationalised right and left, and no international airline was permitted to exist that did not belong to a government. NZ nationalised her ..eternal airlines as well and Australia attempted to do likewise, but failed.

Australian National Airways, which pioneered the trans-Pacific route from San Francisco to Sydney with landplanes (DC4s), was soon superseded by British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines, owned by the Governments of New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

Imperial Airways was nationalised and BOAC resulted.

Qantas was first partly, and then wholly, taken over by the Australian Government. New Zealand National Airways Corporation took over the services which had been established during the war by the RNZAF and provided services between New Zea land and Fiji, Western Samoa, Coo!

Islands and Tonga.

WRC Airlines did not re-ente the Sydney-New Guinea service am this was run by Qantas, and late extended through Bougainville am the Solomons to Honiara.

Pan American Airways resume 156 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

TIMBER. ★ BUILDERS’ HARDWARE. ★ TOOLS. ★ PAINT. CEMENT. ★ STEEL. ★ AGRICULTURAL and GARDEN TOOLS and IMPLEMENTS ★ GROCERIES

Anil Wholesale Plantation Foodstuffs

★

Quality And Prices Right

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. (Fiji) LTD.

Suva, Fiji

P.O. Box 299. Telephone: 114 (6 lines). s trans-Pacific service—this time ith Sydney as southern terminal— l 1947, about the same time as NA began flying the route. Some me later the American and Ausalian operators were followed in ie Pacific by Canada, with madian Pacific Airlines Ltd. All ree airlines used land planes—at •st DC4’s, to be followed by DC6’s, id now Boeing Stratocruisers and iper-Constellations.

The entry of governments into e international airways scene did mething that private enterprise uld not —it established services in eas that, in the commercial sense, ire unprofitable and thus brought rmerly isolated islands into close mmunication with the outside irld. [n the light of bitter experience, each year’s deficit piled upon 5 last, these Governments no jbt wished that they had not been 2h enthusiastic showers of the g—but once an air service was ;ablished it was withdrawn only ;er bitter argument.

During a complete reorganisation all New Zealand, Australian and itish airline interests in the uth Pacific in 1954, Qantas took 3r BCPA’s operations. At the ne time, TEAL, which had added INAC’s Islands’ routes to its orations some years before, and lugurated the Coral Route from ckland to Tahiti, changed over m flying-boats to land planes all but its Fiji-Samoa-Cook ands-Tahiti service.

'n mid-1955, Qantas was in pros of changing from flying-boats landplanes on its New Hebridesw Caledonia-Fiji route. Although ssengers generally lament the >sing of the big flying-boats, on ise routes of low passenger isity and long hauls they have >ved uneconomic. and New Guinea are still ss-crossed by air routes as in the 5, the services being supplied by ntas, Mandated Airlines or by irter flights by a number of aller companies. tfter an abortive attempt to rt internal airlines in Fiji in the ly 30’s, a company called Fiji ways, owned by Mr. Harold Gatty, o negotiated Pan American Airys’ agreement with the New aland Government in 1937, bene firmly established in 1951.

Please Return t recent months the US Fish & Wild- ’s Pacific Ocean Fishery Investigation 1 a * has tagged and released rly 100 small striped skip-jack tuna the course of a study of the migratory its of this economically important Face-feeding fish. he tag consists of a conspicuous loop white plastic tubing inserted through back muscles just behind the dorsal Each bears a number and address, th Pacific fishermen are requested to irn same should any be recovered south the Line.

The Commonwealth is Above Law in NG From Our Rabaul Correspondent A RESIDENT of the Territory of New Guinea cannot bring an action against the Commonwealth of Australia either in the Territory or in Australia.

This legal anomaly was brought to light in a recent hearing in the High Court of Australia when the firm of J. L. Chipper and Co. Ltd., of Rabaul, sued the Commonwealth in respect of a power plant loaned to the Commonwealth Department of Works by the Company some years ago.

After a delay of approximately two years and considerable expense entailed by both parties the case came on for hearing in Sydney.

At the outset, the Commonwealth objected to the action on the grounds that the Court had no jurisdiction in respect of a suit brought by a resident of the Territory against the Commonwealth. The matter was argued at length but was not decided by the judge.

However, as the witnesses had travelled to Sydney from New Guinea, the Judge reserved the point and heard the evidence.

Later, both parties reached a settlement —Chipper and Co. agreed to accept less than half the amount originally claimed.

The position is a frightening one for Territory residents.

ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Va 7a f. §

Slumber Planned

j INNtRSPRING MA TTR€SS^f^. m © ' s v. o o © o

Soft, Flexible, Prc-Built Borders Which

Cannot Sac Or Break Down With Use

Attractive, Uniform Button Tufting

SPRING UNIT MAN UFA CTURED IN THE LOTUSLAND FACTORY "A©

Look For The W |Nk Er " Lab£L

Representatives for Pacific Islands :— ROBERT GILLESPIE PTY. LTD. 54A PITT ST., SYDNEY. G.P.O. BOX 7011. CABLES: “ROBERGILL” 158 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

The Pacific Islands Society (Founded 1937) Visitors from the Pacific Islands to Sydney, or persons Interested In Islands affairs, are Invited to communicate with the Honorary Secretary of the above Society which was formed to constitute a social and cultural centre for those Interested in the Pacific Islands.

Regular meetings and social gatherings, with lectures, are held at the Feminist Club Rooms, 7th Floor, 77 King 8t„ Sydney, on the fourth Thursday of each month, at 8 p.m.

Address for correspondence:— THE PACIFIC ISLANDS SOCIETY, Box 2434, G.P.0., Sydney. (The President may be contacted by telephone at XJ 3205.) This Thin Blade means Business!

Get Your Order in Promptly for

Hytest And Fern Tomahawks!

The thinner the blades, the keener the cutting edges —that's why these Forged Steel Tomahawks are in big demand! Three-Quarter Axes —2f lbs. heads and 28inch handles —branded Fern and Hytest are other quick-moving lines. Order now from your Island merchant!

HYTEST AXE & TOOL PTY. LTD.

Collins Street, Alexandria, N.S.W., Australia

[?]Orris Hedstrom

CONSIDERS

Bonus Issue

yrORRIS HEDSTROM, LTD., will have to consider either a bonus issue or i increased ordinary dividend, said the airman (Mr. H. E. Snell) in June, rhe directors proposed to defer the issue itil more progress is made with the ilding programme and possibly until iding prospects are clearer.

The chairman said that the margin tween real earnings and the portion id to shareholders was very wide, rhe company, planter and merchant in |i, Tonga and Samoa, shows net profit £ F 124.625, an Increase of £14,297 (13 r cent.), for the year ended on irch 31. rhis profit is shown after larger proions—tax £178,403 (up £38,829) and predation £119,042 (up £50,217).

Ordinary dividend, raised from 1114 to ■4 per cent., amounts to £65,050, and per cent, preference to £13,152. fotal charge of £78,202 is £46,423 less m the profit, and carry-forward is sed to £436,834.

Earning rate is 21.4 per cent, on Unary capital, after allowing for ierence dividend.

'he directors state that trading figures 1955-56 may be smaller, ome of the reasons given for a bonus le are: The book value of Investments in subsidiaries is “far below actual value”.

There is probably “a very large hidden reserve” in the book valuation of properties.

The value of stock in the books “is understated by the quite large amount which has accumulated during the last 20 years”.

Allocations For Lepers

TOTAL £30,000 THE Lepers’ Trust Board, New Zealand, has announced allocations totalling £30,000 for medical and leprosy work in the South Pacific. They are: Central Leprosy Hospital, Makogai, Fiji, £ 2,000; Melanesian (Anglican) Mission.

British South Solomons, £3,500; Marist (Catholic) Mission. British South Solomons, £3,500; Methodist Mission.

British South Solomons, £3,500; Seventhday Adventist Mission, British South Solomons, £1,000; Leprosy Hospital, Tahiti, £5OO.

Special fund for leprosy relief vessels: Melanesian (Anglican) Mission, British South Solomons, £4,000; Marist (Catholic) Mission, British South Solomons, £4,000; Methodist Mission, British South Solomons, £4,000.

For Cottage Hospital for Presbyterian Mission, New Hebrides, £4.000.

Naboro, an area of 1,700 acres on the Queen’s Road, about 12 miles west of Suva, has been proclaimed a forest reserve.

Extra Payment for 1954 Copra in P-NG FINAL prices for copra delivered to Papua-New Guinea Marketing Board during 1954 are £l/10/- a ton higher than the tentative prices paid on delivery of the copra.

Good trading results, including special profits from the sale, sanctioned by the British Food Ministry, of a shipment of copra to Sweden at a price higher than that of the British contract, have provided the additional distribution to producers. 159 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Perfectly balanced

Baker'S Flour

Willow Tree Brand specially milled for Pacific Islands requirements in our own FLOUR MILLS. Combined capacity of over 3 million bushels of wheat per annum at Albury and Murrumburrah (N.S.W.) Heritage Brand Warwick (Qld.) and Ballarat (Victoria)

Bunge (Australia)

Table Address: "Bungeco, Sydney.” 45 Market Street, SYDNEY. —I entcal soap a tough soap with a gentle action Yes, tough with dirt, but mighty gentle with dainty washables.

It's the all-purpose economical soap with husky dirt-chasing suds that give you the cleanest wash possible.

Costs less, too —check the price.

Pacific Islands Distributors: COLYER WfITSOM PTY. LTD. 22 BRIDGE ST.

SYDNEY A Matson Plans Pacific Hotels and Shipping THE French Oceania Government has given its approval to Matson-Oceanic Co. of San Francisco to build a tourist hotel in Tahiti.

It is assumed that Matson will want the hotel to be available by the time they reopen their transpacific passenger shipping service with two new 14,000-ton, 347passenger vessels late in 1956.

Revival of the shipping service now appears certain. Sailings are to be at 23-day intervals from San Francisco to Los Angeles and Honolulu.

There at Honolulu the route will divide into a loop, the eastern leg through Papeete and Wellington to Sydney, and the western leg through Pago Pago, Suva and Auckland to Sydney. One sailing will be south by the west leg and back by the east, and the next sailing in the reverse direction, thus giving American tourists an interesting circuit of ports south of Honolulu.

Alternatively, passengers may drop off along the route and pick up a sailing by the outbound route if they prefer. r His Excellency Monsignor Paul Maze, Vicar Apostolic of Tahiti, is at present on a visit to Rome.

Tahitians for New Caledonia OUR Tahiti correspondent reports that numbers of Tahitians are departing by every west-bound sailing of the Messageries liners to seek lucrative employment in Ne Caledonia and the New Hebrides, number have already married thei and settled. Their departure froi Tahiti, says the corresponden leaves further openings for tt Chinese in Tahiti. 160 JULY, 1 9 5 5 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL:

EMULTIFORT

The First Name

In Selfwinding

AND 00% WATERPROOF WATCHES -V h \ m m *1 i\ 100% I o 0 n WATERPROOF

Hock-Protected

TIMAGNETIC FWINDING e4a*t£o>*vei&c Distributed by:-

Robert Gillespie Pty. Ltd., Sydney

JnnS Sh , : r S V, VA . : J wld ? owson * “ayne . . , SAMOA: s. V. Mackenzie Lr^ K IS,: Umted Island Traders . . . TONGA: P Bhagwan NEW GUINEA; Robert Gillespie (New Guinea), Ltd.

Co., Ltd. . . . PAPUA an No.

The Burns Philp Story:

Growth Of A

Huge Organisation

7 ROM Dutch New Guinea eastward to the Samoas, from Norfolk northward to the Marshalls nd Carolines, there is not a Pacific i land where a Burns Philip trader as not landed —scarcely a square die of blue water that a BP ship as not sailed across.

The “Big Firm” was established in ueensland as a little firm 80 years 70; spread its operations very porously across the South Pacific 1 the pre-World War I period; eniged everywhere in developmental divities —usually with the coaeration and goodwill of the varies Administrations; and to-day it strongly established as merchants, dnters, traders and shipowners in )ery Territory south of the Line, i tween New Guinea and Eastern imoa, as well as in Australia.

The Big Firm itself had a pround effect upon European settleent in the South Pacific Islands, he founder of the Company, James irns, similarly influenced Ausalian affairs, as a planner and a blic-spirited man—he was awarded e high honour of KCMG in knowledgement of his achieveents as a philanthropist.

Because the PIM, in its 25 years life, has seen so much of BP tivities in the Islands ■„ we invited e Big Firm to provide us with me facts and figures about the -e Sir James Burns and the early story of the huge organisation he Published; and the following was ndly sent to us by one of the chief ecutives.

IHE business of James Bums in Thursday Island, Normanton, and Cooktown was amalgamated th that of Sir Robert Philp in wnsville in 1877; and later a sere was started from Cooktown th two schooners, the Myrtle and ? lyanhoe, to British New Guinea, rhis was the first Island service, iich afterwards expanded to the omons, Gilberts, Marshalls, Ellice, nning and Washington, Lord we, Norfolk Island and the New brides, and other small Islands, :h as the Phoenix and Banks oups ro many of these Islands there s no regular service, so it may be d that Burns Philp & Co. indurated the Australian connection h most of the Islands of Western hfic, except Fiji, Samoa and aga, to which the Union Steam ip Company and the old ASN npany originally plied; and this n, with branches or subsidiaries over the Pacific, has, during the t 75 years, been a very large tor in the development of this a.

Wien the Myrtle and Ivanhoe visited Port Moresby in the first place, there was only one resident, a trader called Goldie, who ran a small store, besides the Government residents further round the Bay.

This store was afterwards purchased by BP & Co. rrv, Q m„in ~ _ , to Tl ?hf!t nf Samarai stores to Sudest St Aienan and other Islands off the north -SS? coast, and returning with gold dust, and very large quantities of pearls from the Trobriand Islands. „ . J , The trade also included skins and feathers of birds-of-paradise, from Port Moresby to UK and the Continent, and sandalwood from Hall Sound, via Cooktown to China, TOURING the 1914-18 war, Burns J J Philp lost one of their new modern ships, the Matunga, which was taken and sunk by a German raider near Rabaul. . During last war ’ the Company lost six motor ships-and very nearly lost another > the Malaita, which was e por 0 t r laf?lv° f bndg6 ’ bUt ™ o ea oc .

M J.ke r loss A^ as the Motau, with 150 lives. Also more heavy loss of life occurred on the Neptuna at Darwin, the Macdhui at 161 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY J U L Y , 1955

«2Ksr:rr.x^ -.. . . x IS x v■& y / ii ..••■£ u s* ~* I . • ■ ,>y . /;» I > J*■' # V' i; -'& ../■ * '•; /:i v-V^^Vy>VJ T« ■ -' TwltoKt i«x. ¥he Man behind the wheel knows the most dependable diesels \ f &0m& * m Boat Owners have a special preference for Cummins Diesels because they know they have that reserve of flexible power to meet any situation of load or weather.

Cummins exclusive fuel metering and injection system, coupled with lower maintenance costs, means a greater proportion of time-on-the-job all the year round.

Every Cummins receives extra care in its assembly, too for every Cummins engine is built twice. After initial assembly and running-in, it is stripped down, inspected and assembled and tested again. The Cummins Diesel is the natural choice of the man who depends on power.

CumiK Sales, Spares and Service from the Sole Australian Distributors;

Blackwood Hodge

Granville, N.S.W. YU 8231 MELBOURNE: Hunsbury Works, Princes Highway, Clayton. UM 8691 ADELAIDE: 303 North Terrace.

Associated Companies Branches Works and Agencies throughout the world 162 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Oiano Discovery Restores Youth in24Hours Sufferer* from loss of vigour, nervousness, weak body, impure blood, falling memory, and who are old and worn-out before their time will be delighted to learn of a new gland discovery by an American doctor.

This new discovery makes It possible to quickly and easily restore vigour to your glands and body, to build rich, pure blood, to strengthen your mind and memory and feel like a new man in only 8 days. In fact, this discovery, which Is a home medicine in pleasant, easyto-take tablet form, does away with gland operations and begins to build new vigour and energy in 24 hours, yet it is absolutely harmless in action.

The success of this amazing discovery, called VI-STIM, has been so great that it is now being distributed by all chemists here under a guarantee of complete satisfaction or money back.

In other words, VI-STIM must make you feel full of vigour and energy and from 10 to 20 years younger, or return the empty package and get your money back.

VI-STIM costs little, and the C 5 42 guarantee Restores Manhood sod Vitality WILLIAM FARRER PTY. LTD. (formerly Jacketts Pty. Ltd.) Flour Millers 1 BERESFORD RD. ( STRATH FI ELD, N.S.W.

Cable Address: “Butterfly”

J FINEST., SHARPS ‘FIG TREE” BRAND. f % “IBEX” BRAND.

Fiji Representatives: OCEANIA AGENCIES CO., P.O. Box 284, Suva.

Port Moresby, and the Tulagi, south of Colombo.

From the latter vessel, only 14 men got away on two rafts, out of a total crew of about 70 These men floated for 53 days on the two rafts lashed together, when they broke adrift separately. One raft, after 61 days (on which was the present Chief Engineer of the Bulolo, Mr. Ward) was washed ashore on an island in the Seychelles; but the other raft was never heard of again.

The whole of the BP Branches in the Solomons were destroyed, and about 1,000 tons of copra stored at Gizo were burnt under instructions from the Government of the Western Pacific. No compensation was ever paid, as in New Guinea, and the total loss of buildings, plantations, stocks and book debts amounted to over £250,000. Also, the cost of replacing some of those ships which were lost ran into well over £2 million; but the war insurance at 30st of construction or purchase was about £500,000.

The mpst outstanding vessel of ;he Company’s fleet in World War [I was the Bulolo : her activities luring the war, when she carried it different times the flags of five Admirals, are well-known.

ROBERT PHILP, after the J amalgamation of the businesses in the early ’Eighties, became nterested in politics, and was Vernier of Queensland for many ears and later knighted. He was nterested mostly in mining and lastoral pursuits in that State.

Mr. James Burns, in the early 890 s, took a great interest in the Australian Light Horse. He became ; olonel of the NSW Lancers and tngadier of the Light Horse Regilents in Australia. He was a fember of the Upper House, and f ter wards was made KCMG.

Colonel Burns, with the aid of a ;w friends, sent 100 men to Alderlot for six months’ training, durig which period the Boer War broke it, and the detachment volunteered > go to Africa, where they disnguished themselves.

Later in life, Sir James took a 'eat interest in Children’s Homes, id started the Burnside Homes for rphan Children, adjoining his sidence on the Pennant Hills Road, irramatta.

At the beginning of World War II lere were over 500 children in e Orphanage— mostly 25 in each ime, with a Mother and Assistant other. There were a fine hospital dimming pool, gymnasium, cricket ounds, tennis courts, farm, dairv, sam laundry and vegetable garden ntral administrative offices, and'a fge hall. All the buildings were c me or brick, with indoor playing c ? n l^ 10<^a^ion ’ anc * were built in land 6 SpaCes in about 300 acres When Sir James Burns died, he Brae ’” a lar £ e >idence adjoining the Homes, to the Presbyterian Church for the use of the Burnside Homes.

During the last war the Australian Government asked the Church for the loan of “Gowan Brae” and the Homes for Headquarters of the Second Australian Army. The Church agreed, on the understanding that some temporary accommodation should be found for the children, and the Homes and “Gowan Brae” be returned in the same order and condition as when taken over by the Army. No charge was niade for about 40 fine stone buildings; so the Church did a good deal to help Australia during this vei T critical period.

When the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester were in Australia the Duke unveiled a plaque in the billiard room at “Gowan Brae” to thfwl" the ° CCUpati ° n du ™* Last year . the Bu ™side Horaes Slde^home 601 to™* able *the children to spend a certain period of each year by the sea jrr* BsK,-»”r«ias "I"

“Bum’fkousf ’ “ ’ S t 0 ** Called T N addition to the Islands business, ® urns > p h d P & P o ', ilas ranclles i O n? rol $ h T oU V Auatralla > Ne w Zea- London so a Company 111 Amerlca called Burns-Philp Co. 163 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY - J u L Y , 1955

& 7<m dry mm mb ns cm of m •¥ ■ji.*Kg‘ A*S SOI : UCiH NOTICE ©OMXEU¥

Is Hereby Given

that the labels shown in the margin hereof are the exclusive property and proper TRADE MARKS of THE UNITED DIS- TILLERS PRO- PRIETARY LIMITED, of Byrne Street, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Distillers: used by them in respect of WHISKY,

Brandy, Gin

and RUM, and the Trade and Public are hereby cautioned against any infringement or improper use of the same.

Legal proceedings will be instituted against any person or persons selling or offering for sale goods, not the manufacture of the aforesaid The United Distillers Proprietary Limited, bearing any representation of either of the said Trade Marks or any colourable imitation thereof.

Edwd. Waters & Sons

Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys. 422-428 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia.

IWip m A m. $ m

Burnitts Dry Gin

w§ NOTICE est donne ci-dessous que les etiquettes montrees dans le marge de celui-ci sont maintenant I’exclusive propriete et les vraies

Marques De

FABRIQUES de la

United Distillers

PROPRIETARY LIMITED, de Byrne Street, South Mel bourne, Victoria, Aus tral i a , Distilleurs: employes par eux en ce qui concernent WHISKY,

Brandy, Gin

et RHUM, et I’lndustrie et la Public sont prevenus par cette annonce contre toute fraude ou abus de ces Marques.

Les precedes legaux seront instituees contre toute personne vendant ou offrant pour la vente, les marchandises qui ne sont pas factures par la-dite United Distillers Proprietary Limited, portant aucune representation de Tune ou I’autre de ces Marques de Fabriques ou aucune imitation specieuse de ces Marques.

Edwd. Waters & Sons

Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys, 423-428 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia. of San Francisco); and has had a branch in Pago Pago for many years.

Apart from merchandise, the Company is heavily interested in plantations in Papua and New Guinea and Fanning and Washington Islands. All the plantations in the Solomons were so badly damaged that they had to be abandoned after World War 11.

The Company is also interested in chain-stores in Queensland, under the name of Penneys Limited, and in many old, well-established country stores in New South Wales.

Drastic Change In

Samoa Will

Not Be Rushed

From Our Own Correspondent REPLYING to the recommendations made by the Western Samoan Constitutional Convention last year, the New Zealand Minister of Island Territories (Mr.

T. I. Macdonald) has expressed satisfaction, on behalf of the Dominion Government, that the Convention apparently saw no compelling reason to depart substantially from the general pattern of political organisation outlined in the Prime Minister’s statement in March, 1953.

The official statement is in the main non-committal and gives no encouragement to those Samoans who expected an early transfer of political power and were impatient of any delay in obtaining the political concessions and changes envisaged in the 1954 White Paper.

The Acting High Commissioner called a joint meeting of Legislative Assembly members and the Fono of Faipule for June 29 and 30 to discuss the NZ Government’s reply and to prepare for a discussion with the Minister, who was scheduled to arrive at Apia on July 1.

With regard to the suffrage question, on which the Convention recommended that in the Samoan constituencies only matai (chiefly heads of family groups) should have the right to vote or to be nominated as election candidates, the official reply states: “As this recommendation reflects the present wish of an overwhelming majority of the Samoan people, the NZ Government agrees. . . At the same time it points out that it does not share the misgivings of the Convention that a widening of the formal basis of political representation would necessarily have harmful effects.

“On the contrary, it is of the opinion that Samoan custom, which, in the past, has shown itself capable of adjustment to the needs of a changing society, might thereby be strengthened and rendered more capable of meeting the challenge 164 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

NOTICE ©tfSP ‘3> » Jf m

Is Hereby Given

that the labels shown in the margin hereof are the exclusive property and proper TRADE MARKS of THE UNITED DIS- TILLERS PRO- PRIETARY LIMITED, of Byrne Street, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Distillers; used by them in respect of WHISKY,

Brandy, Gin

and RUM, and the Trade and Public are hereby cautioned against any infringement or improper use of the same.

Legal proceedings will be instituted against any person or persons selling or offering for sale goods, not the manufacture of the aforesaid The United Distillers Proprietary Limited, bearing any representation of either of the said Trade Marks or any colourable imitation thereof.

Edwd. Waters

& SONS Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys, 422 - 428 Collins St., Melbourne, Australia. *

Vickers Gin

© §9 6V* J NOTICE est donne ci-dessous que les etiquettes montrees dans le marge de celui-ci sont maintenant I’excluslve proprlete et les vrales

Marques De

FABRIQUES de la

United Distillers

PROPRIETARY LIMITED, de Byrne Street, South Mel bourne, Victoria, Aus tralia, Distilleurs; employes par eux en ce qui concernent WHISKY,

Brandy, Gin

et RHUM, et ITndustrie et le Public sont prevenus par cette annonce centre toute fraude ou abus de ces Marques.

Les precedes legaux seront instituees contre toute personne vendant ou offrant pour la vente, les merchandises qui ne sont pas factures par la-dlte United Distillers Proprietary Limited, portant aucune representation de I’une ou I’autre de ces Marques de Fabrlques ou aucune imitation specieuse de ces Marques.

Edwd. Waters

& SONS Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys, 422 - 428 Collins St., Melbourne, Australia. vhich will inevitably face the (merging State.”

The NZ Government agrees that iltimately a Premier and Cabinet >f Ministers, all of whom should be nembers of the Legislature, will onstitute the Executive Branch of he Government.

It states, however, that it will be n the best interests of Samoa if, efore introducing Cabinet Government, additional time is taken by he political representatives of the territory to acquire greater know- Jdge and understanding of the roblems of executive government efore full government responsibility ; assumed.

During the reorganisation period me High Commissioner should connue to act as Chief Executive.

Meanwhile the possibility of mending the legislation to give the Western Samoan Government a tore direct voice in public service Dlicy matters is being examined.

The French naval patrol vessel iare, a popular visitor at Suva, died on July 18 en route from oumea to Wallis Island. The ship due back at Suva at the end July for her annual careening i the slip.

New NC Senator M. Armand Ohlen was elected by the seil-General of New Caledonia, on June 19, be a Senator in the French Parliament. side the Council M. Ohlen is secretary of Government Workers' Union. He was ked by the Union Caledonienne, which inles most of the native members of the seil-General, and beat the former Senator Henri Lafleur) by 14 votes to 10 Lafleur was supported by what is generally wn as the "import-export-nickel group". to by F. Dunne). 165 CIF I C ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

You'll appreciate the fine performance

Of The New

(Rammond Tropic Each

HPHE most famous tropic-proofed and completely sealed receiver you could own. Range is unlimited, and you are assured of perfect reception at all times and under any weather conditions. It has a moisture absorber and is available in the following models (Vibrator, A.C., or all dry cell). The cabinet is all steel, completely sealed, cadmium-plated, and spray finished in Grey Hammerdoc. It is designed for trouble-free operation in areas where extreme humidity prevails. Components used in the Tropic Eagle Receivers are guaranteed for 3 years subject to the correct maintenance of the Salica Gel Crystals, used for dehydration purposes.

In performance, the Tropic Eagle equals imported receivers selling at double the price. m m SL FEATURES • Completely Tropicproof. • Sealed in Rustless Steel Metal Cabinet. • Provision for Jhoudspeaker and headphone reception. • Slow Motion Instrument Type Dial, with gear ratio 55 to 1 simplifies tuning on all wavelengths. • Continuous coverage of Short Wave Lengths from 16 to 150 metres.

CRAM MONO MANUFACTURING CO. PTY. LTD. 103 Wickham St., Valley, Queensland. f Available in following models: • 6 Valve 240 volt 50 cycle A.C. • 6 Valve Vibrator —6 volt operation. • 6 Valve 1.4 volt with Heavy Duty Batteries. 166 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY]

ATTENTION All Musical and Radio Dealers . . .

COOKE BROS. (Q’LAND PTT. LTD.) (Completely owned and controlled by Queensland Interests) Est. 25 Years.

Suppliers To The

Trade Only

Capitol Records—Peter Pan Radios —Hohner Accordions—Borslnl Plano Accordions—Social Plano Accordions—Cookslea Portable Gramophones—Cookslea Mandolin Banjos —Violins—AßC Sapphire Needles— Songster Gramo and Pick Up— Nylon Radiogram Needles. Hawaiian and Hill Billy Guitars. A complete range of Instrument strings and all accessories.

COOKE BROS. (Q’LD.) PTY., LTD. 454 George St., Brisbane.

IT'S HERE!

It'S Terrific!

GOODMANS AXIETTE 101

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This is it . . . the new, sensational 8 in. HI-FI Loudsneaker with range of 40-15,000 CPS. Ideal for AM, FM. P TV HI-FI npfwah 1110 / 1 m broadeasting receivers, it’s designed to set a new high standard in faithful reproduction The °?°w man ' s A ,l iet K t Ol offers th e HI-FI enthusiast new life and sparkle over the whole tonal range.

Yes, the Goodman’s Axlette 101 has arrived . . . and it brines new listening pleasure to all the family. K

Goodmans Axiette

Terrific Value At A Moderate Cost

UNITED RADIO DISTRIBUTORS PTY. LTD. 175 Phillip St., Sydney

For Pacific Radio Amateurs

Conducted by Ex ZK-1-AC/YR-2-AK There were several letters from the outposts this month, the first from Phil, on Fanning, back from six months md six days exile on Washington Island. ‘Bleating a bit on 20 m. now and again, >ut a lot of the old enthusiasm has de- »arted,” he says. “Spent a million bucks n a posh Hallicrafter the other day. but ven IT won’t sort cooyable speech out of he mess left by Kilowatt Row in W md!”

Phil says that Otto, KP6AK, over on almyra appears on 3.8 mc/s and 14.218 ic/s at times, but is having a lot of rouble with his power supplies in the 90-inch climate. Incidentally, QSL’s for :P6AK go via KH6OR, 1449 Meyers St., Honolulu. Phil expects to come to Sydney about the end of the year” for attention > his eyes.

Next was a note from Ray, KS6AB, at ago Pago. Pressure of work administering ic Government Communications Departicnt there has kept him off the air in scent months—but if and when the work ises there is a KW on tap. Meanwhile S 6 is going to be a rare call.

Allan, VR2AP, reporting from Suva, ys that he, 2AM, and 2CZ, are all very stive on 20 m., with VR2CT from his sw QTH also appearing on 20 m. at mes. though mainly on 80 m. He has squashed rhombic and a revamped ceiver, both of which are performing sll.

Allan says that the 2AM/CZ shack, ared, is the only one in Fiji with a rinkler system installed. “It’s located a shower recess—and if you ever work e of them, ask about the mike; you’ll surprised!”

The new Suva Radio Club is off to a od start with a keen membership. lan reports.

Fhough the Tokelaus with their ZM6 eflx are probably no longer of DX erest, we gathered from Allan’s letter at VR2AB was expecting to be in the ;w of the RNZAF Sunderland on its rly June flight from Suva to the kelans, and would probably have been the air briefly, fhough Barri Hogg, VR2BZ, has quit ‘ RNZAF he is now attached to Nadi radio staff and should soon appear on Ham bands again from the new QTH oss the island. lay “QST”. just to hand in Sydney, es an interesting report on W6MHB, n R. Beck’s February Cocos Island sedition. The means of getting there > provided by a treasure-seeking party, > accepted John on account of his use a means of communication with home, he party cleared Los Angeles January n the ex-sub-chaser “Isle of Capri”, iving at Puntarenas, Costa Rica, final mits were arranged with the Costa in authorities, owners of Cocos, through good offices of TI-2-DLM of the Radio b of Costa Rica. The voyage out was ventful and the station—Tl-9-MHB set ud and ready to operate by sunset February 9, with a 900 ft. wire extendacross a narrow bay about 10 ft. ve the water. call on 7003 kc/s CW raised W-l-DDF —first of the many. The Chatham Bay location was open only to the north-east, and all Pacific sigs were very weak. Later, a 40 m. ground-plane was erected, and also a 20 m. one later still. These were right on the stony beach, only open ground, and were in water at high tide.

Another 80 m. antenna, 40 ft. off the ground, was also erected and gave good results.

First man contacted on 160 m. was W-O-NWX of last year’s Clipperton Expedition. A great deal of personal traffic was handled from expedition members to folks at home. TI-9-MHB closed down and sailed on the evening of February 22—with a score of 2,024 stations worked. For John it had clearly been a busy fortnight. From time of leaving Puntarenas to returning there he lost 50 lb in weight!

Gear used was a Viking NC-183 transmitter, HQ-120 receiver, and sundry other items. Northern California DX Club, Elmar Electronics Corp. (owned by W6TT and W6DBB), W6DIP, W6KEK, and original target had been for CW/phone operation on all bands from 10 m. to 160 m. and a grand total of 10,000 QSO’s, but more time was required.

Needless to say, the only treasure that resulted from this expedition was the hoard of QSL’s which went out to the lucky stations worked.

According to “QST”, VR6AC was expected to have shown up on 14,353 kc/s a few others aided r on . e half , °* the in the project in Fa "T?- ,s,and Ham various ways. Thr pXIeVvW 167 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY _ J U L Y , 1955

Hart’S Pacific Agencies

Island Merchants, Importers, Exporters P.O. Box 1416. 27 Queen Street, Auckland, C. 1., New Zealand.

Shippers of all First Class New Zealand Products for Island Traders and Merchants.

Trade enquiries invited. Original Invoices Supplied.

Current prices for Island Produce.

Cables “HARTSEAS, AUCKLAND.” & harbros *«>/0 to*u*w c t T ' oM!

Cquip/Hcnf

A f Pi me/0&u iKMseemn roR tst/was usef No tuning or adjustment required—simply operated by untrained personnel.

MODEL 11/53M. Lightweight, compact, crystal locked transmitter/receiver (1(H in. L x 5 in. 4 x 6i in. D) designed for extremely simple operation. Push to talk microphone control switch, changes transmit to received position automatically.

Powered either by Vibrator Pack (6 or 12 volts) or from 240 volt A.C. Power Supply. Suitable either for mobile use in boats, taxi’s, police cars, etc. or for semi-fixed or fixed base operation.

Companion base station model 11/548. A 20 watt base station which can be operated from a car battery or 240 V, A.C. Mains Supply.

N.B.—OTHER “HARBROS” UNITS AVAILABLE providing additional crystal locked transmitting and receiving channels and a tunable receiver.

Write to-day for full technical information to the distributors at the address below.

R. H. CUNNINGHAM PTY. LTD. 118 WATTLETREE ROAD, ARMADALE, VIC.

Phone UY 6274 184 VICTORIA ROAD, DRUMMOYNE, N.S.W.

Phone WA 1615 Tclcerami "CUNNIG". Melbourne or Sydney. phone around 0100 Z in March-April. We’ve seen no reports of it happening.

Doug Cunnold, ZK-l-AB. HI in the Cook Islands, left Rarotonga late May by air for hospital treatment in New Zealand.

We regret to report the HC2JR, formerly active from the Galapagos, died earlier this year.

“Amateur Radio” for July reports an English Ham, call unknown, named Danny Weil, now on a yacht cruise round the world, and planning to operate ashore for brief periods from ZC3, ZC3, VUS, CR-10, VQ9, VQ7, Commoro Island, VR6, ZM6, Phoenix, and Nauru, assuming licences are granted. The yacht is “Yasme”, 37 ft. x lOV2 ft. x 4 ft., home port Poole.

There is no indication of where the yacht now is, but we assume she has probably only recently left England.

Other items: VKSWO says that VR6AC on Pitcairn was indeed active on 14,140 kc/s in May. In New Guinea plans are afoot for the first New Guinea Ham Convention, probably to be held at Lae, with some southern Ham visitors already expected to attend. In the New Hebrides YJ-l-DL (ex-ZC3AB) reports that he and two FUS’s are reasonably active. Another, FUBAC, is currently on vacation In France. t Heaviest rainfall for years was recorded at Norfolk Island in May and early June. Creeks and wells were full, household tanks were overflowing and vegetables and other garden crops were flourishing. t Cases of a swift, severe encephalitis among Europeans and natives have been treated in New Guinea in recent years, all of them occurring among people who had been in or near the recently openedup Kuku-Kuku area. Blood specimens sent to the Elija Hall Institute. Melbourne, for testing, have proved the discovery of an entirely new virus, according to Australian Press reports.

II As a result of the death of Mrs.

Devenish in England in May, Mr.

Frederick Devenish, British Consul in Papeete, departed for Marseilles hurriedly aboard the British freighter Garvel Park, having obtained permission from the owners to sign on as a supernumerary for the voyage. He is expected back in November. The Consulate is meanwhile in charge of Vice-Consul J. W. Asmus. 168 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

mm Tis the Spirit of the Hie lands! *4£ince Scottish Cream ■J& BLENDED

Scotch Whiskies

WHISKY

Bottled In Scotland

Available in tivo strengths to suit the individual palate of the discriminating consumer 1 »OTf U O€.P«ISSir f 0» *'E«CANTILE.LANO and fINANCf • ' v onfv. melbovsne 4 BS'SBAX* Dijiillery Co Ltd. Glasgow Co * ,T| XT» 4U/IO OU-CfS Sd^ Obtainable at ail leading Merchants, Stores, Clubs and Hotels SOLE DISTRIBUTORS FOR AUSTRALIA AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Australian, Mercantile, Land & Finance Co. Ltc

Cine, in England 1863) 35A YORK STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

CABLES: ‘ MERCHYORK SYDNEY" BOX 192 0.P.0. SYDNEY. N.S.* What Inspection of 25 Years' Advertisements Has Shown

Where Honesty Is

The Best Policy

A GLANCE over PIM advertiser\ merits, covering 25 years, discloses some interesting features.

Dne is the way in which Australian bod producers have consistently reld their market in the widespread Territories of the South *acific.

For example, Messrs. Mcllrath leading Sydney distributors of roceries), Arnotts (Sydney manuacturers of some famous lines of iscuits), and Wills —manufacturers f something which Islands people egard as being as important as Dodstuffs —namely, cigarettes—have ivertised their lines regularly for 25 ears.

That means that, despite tough impetition from overseas, these ig companies hold their market, hey are under a marked exchange isadvantage, inasmuch as Ausalia does not buy from the ilands, in money terms, one tithe : what she sells.

The explanation seems to lie in phrase made hackneyed by rejtitive use, but still expressing the mdamental of sound trading— imely, quality and service. Famous d firms like those named above — id there are many others —built ieir names around the quality of .eir goods and the honesty of their ading. They go to remarkable ngths in seeing that the goods :spatched are of the quality the lands customer expected when he 'ote the order; and they almost 11 over backwards in their readies to remedy service or replace ods complained of. They have en robbed, in this way, many nes, but they accept that as a •rmal risk. The proof of their licy is seen in the fact that, after many years’ trading, they are insasingly in the Islands business, d accepted as public institutions. rhe foundation stone of the acher and Vocational Training >llege near Honiara, BSIP, was d by the retiring High Comssioner for the Western Pacific ir Robert Stanley) on June 22. e capital cost of the building and npment is being met from UK lonia 1 Development and Welfare ids.

Ueki of Mapusaga, spear fishing Nuuuli village, Eastern Samoa, s swept to sea and drowned late ty. A government launch unjcessfully searched the area. The leased was a native of Niue and. 169 ICIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY J U L Y , 1955

I® wm * mi y#.

TTh * h* y 5 The pleasant refreshing a I 170 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Copra Wire

Immediate Delivery

I" clear mesh 14 SWG.

GALVD. OR BLACK.

We can quote for any size required Apply: M. G. B. JEFFERSON PTY. LTD. 16 O'Connell St., Sydney.

Be Wise Select

“THE SA ”

All Aluminium Louvre

• Rustproof • Weatherproof

• Saves Labour & Paint

•So Cool •So Attractive

A. RIETTE 16 Bridge St., Sydney Cables: “Ramaritlme"

Importers Exporters

Indent & Buying Agents

SUPPLIERS OF. Tinned and Other Foodstuffs—Cattle and Poultry Foods— Fresh Fruit—Confectionery—Australian Beer—Building Supplies—Hardware—Milk Products—Tallow—Wearing Apparel—Piecegoods—Footwear—Trade Goods—Paints— Eastern Goods Our Specialty—Motor Parts, Etc., Etc.

PACIFIC SUPPLIERS FOR.—"Rivermede" Butter and Cheese "Golden Kerosene, Motor Spirit and Oils. "KMG" Athletic Vests and Knitwear.

Aluminium Louvres. Etc., Etc.

Fleece"

"Sandy"

ALL ISLAND PRODUCE SOLD AT BEST PRICES ON COMMISSION We Require Reliable Agents in Rabaul, Madang, Lae, Port Moresby, Samarai, Hollaodia and Fiji.

Wetzell-Godinet Wedding Mr. Vayda, an American anthro- )logist travelling under a Fullight Scholarship, visited Tahiti, e Cook Islands and Samoa in me-July in connection with a lay of ancient methods of Polvsian warfare. t Practical encouragement to hardworking farmers in New Caledonia was given by the Conseil-General w . .^ n it decided to finance annual visits by 12 farmers to the Sydney Royal Show. The farmers will be chosen by the drawing of lots. t Fijian copra-producers had a balance of £486,238 in the Fijian Development Fund on March 31, and on July 31 the balance was £403,808. Levy collections (£lO for each ton of Fijian-produced copra sold) from August 1, 1954, to March 31, 1955, totalled £113,422 and withdrawals £30,992.

The wedding of Cynthia, fourth daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Godinet, and Frederick William, [?] of the late Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wetzell, took place at the Apia Roman Catholic Cathedral. this group are (left to right) Miss Myra Helg (briesmaid), Miss Fialaula Tamasese (maid of [?]our), the bridal couple, and Mr. Robert Wetzeĺ (best man and twin brother of the bridegroom).

Photo by R. F. Rankin. 171 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY J U L Y , 1955

NOTICE m m sr WAV «» « *

White Satin Cin

Is Hereby Given

that the labels shown in the margin hereof are the exclusive property and proper TRADE MARKS of THE UNITED DIS- TILLERS PRO- PRIETARY LIMITED, of Byrne Street, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Distillers; used by them in respect of WHISKY,

Brandy, Gin

and RUM, and the Trade and Public are hereby cautioned against any infringement or improper use of the same.

Legal proceedings will be Instituted against any person or persons selling or offering for sale goods, not the manufacture of the aforesaid The United Distillers Proprietary Limited, bearing any representation of either of the said Trade Marks or any colourable imitation thereof.

White Satin Edwd. Waters & Sons

Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys, 422-428 Collins Street, Melbourne.

Australia.

NOTICE % s* ••••»■* • * • * IV.

P.V.V.V

White Satin Cin

White Satin

est donne ci-dessous que les etiquettes montrees dans la marge de celui-ci sont maintenant I’exclusive propriete et les vraies

Marques De

FABRIQUES de la

United Distillers

PROPRIETARY LIMITED, de Byrne Street, South Mel bourne, Victoria, Aus tral i a , Distilleurs; employes par eux en ce qui concernent WHISKY,

Brandy, Gin

et RHUM, et I’lndustrie et le Public sont prevenus par cette annonce contre toute fraude ou abus de ces Marques.

Les precedes legaux seront instituees contre toute personne vendant ou offrant pour la vente, les merchandises qui ne sont pas factures par la-dite United Distillers Proprietary Limited, portant aucune representation de I’une ou I’autre de ces Marques de Fabriques ou aucune imitation specieuse de ces Marques.

Edwd. Waters & Sons

Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys, 422-428 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia.

Deaths of Islands People

Mr. Douglas Lightbody

Mr. Douglas Lightbody, of the Papua-New Guinea Department of Education, collapsed and died during the Queen’s Birthday Red Cross Ball at Port Moresby.

Mr. Lightbody was in charge of the administration of native schools in the Territory.

The Acting Director of Education (Mr. Roscoe) described his death as a most serious loss to the Department.

The Most Reverend John

Baptist Dieter, Sm

The Most Reverend John Baptist Dieter, Vicar Apostolic of Navigators Islands, died in Auckland on June 28 after a comparatively short illness.

Bishop Dieter was consecrated only in May, 1954, the first Catholic Bishop ever to be consecrated in the Islands. Most of Samoa’s 22,000 Catholics took part in the week-long ceremonies and celebrations.

The Bishop went to Samoa in 1937 from Germany. He was an accomplished orator in the Samoan language and was greatly respected by the Samoan people.

He succeeded the Most Reverend Joseph Darnand, SM, who retired through old age but who is still living in Western Samoa, in retirement.

Madame Louise Goupil

Madame Louise Goupil died at Papeete in May, aged 76 years.

Madame Goupil was a member of one of Tahiti’s best known families.

Formerly wife of the late Dr.

Fernand Cassiau, from whom she was later separated, Madame Goupil was the mother of Dr. Pierre Cassiau, MD, Privy Councillor and head of the Health Service of French Oceania.

Her former husband was a onetime mayor of Papeete and her father was a leading Papeete at-i torney.

Mr. Charles O’Connor

The death occurred recently of Mr. Charles O’Connor, at Vallejo, California. As a partner of the old-i established firm of O’Connor, Harrison & Co. who operated the vesseß Beulah down through the Eas f ern Pacific Is l ands earlier this centuryj Mr. O’Connor was well known in Polynesian ports.

Mrs. Kathleen Chalmers

At the age of 92, Mrs. Kathleed Esther Chalmers died in June atj Auckland, where she had lived foil 15 years.

Mrs. Chalmers went to Fiji atj the age of 13 with her brother, MrJ Rex de Cairos Rego, who was a 172 JULY. 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

WHY ARE COLUMBINES SO GOOD W - J FOR US _ iA CAUSE they're RICH IN GLUCOSE AND BUTTER I Enjoy their goodness —often!

I ~ aT'/* f >«*'vS ANYT/ME-enfov COLUMBINE —the tastiest caramel of at!

COLUMBINE CARAMELS Made by The Great Name in Confectionery . bank clerk at Levuka. When she was 18 she married Mr. C. A.

Chalmers and lived at the Penang sugar-mill, Rakiraki, which he, with his father and uncle, had established. Subsequently they lived at Fort Carnarvon, Savusavu, Ba and Levuka.

MR. M. K. NAIDU Mr. M. K. Naidu, sub-accountant and postmaster at Ba, Fiji, died on board the liner Orion shortly before the ship arrived at Colombo in June. Mr. Naidu, with his wife, was on his way to India on eight months’ vacation leave.

MR. C. S. ST JULIAN Mr. Charles Swann St Julian, who died at Suva on June 28, was born in Fiji in 1889. His father was Colonial Postmaster for many years, and his grandfather was Chief Justice under the Cakobau Government before Cession.

Mr. St. Julian, who was educated at Levuka and Suva, became a clerk ;n the Government service in 1929. In L 941, he was a Collector of Customs and in 1943 Assistant Controller of Customs. From 1946 until he re- ;ired in 1948 he acted as Controller.

Mter retirement he became secreary of the Fiji Copra Board. He eceived the Imperial Service Order n 1949.

Mr. St Julian is survived by his vife (formerly Miss E. R. Webster, if Auckland) and a son, Mr. J. W. >t. Julian, of Suva.

M. Frederick Gadiot

M. Frederick Gadiot, Chief of the District of Pirae, Tahiti, died on une 4, aged 69 years, following a hort illness.

M. Jean Lecail

M. Jean Lecail, one of Tahiti’s est known shipbuilders, died here on June 5 after a long illness, le underwent an operation in Austria last year. He was aged 64.

Second Death Follows NC Jeep Smash NJURED in a jeep smash after . the dedication ceremony at the New Zealand war cemetery at ourail, New Caledonia, on May 8, tr. J. H. Ensor, a radio technician, ied at Noumea in mid-June.

Mr. E. V. Spencer, a radio comlentator, was killed at the time I the smash (June PIM, p. 127).

Fiji’s sugar industry has received second gift from the UK Governient of exchange gains made on igar sold to Canada. The £F94,106 as been distributed by the Fiji overnment in the proportions of >.3 per cent, to the growers and ».7 to the millers. 173 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

change to Mobilgas and get %

More Miles

It’s the best buy by miles * ,v. * € Vi r* ♦'V i Si m For trouble-free motoring fill up with

Double Powered

Mobilgas at the sign of the FLYING- RED HORSE G 551 174 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

A homely,dignified atmosphere^ff"

Sydney's most exclusive || social rendezvous in the heart of King's Cross and only 4 minutes from the City. Every conceivable hotel service is at your call.

Tariff: 37/6. per person B, and B, Other meals £ la carte, is;—*.. brands wines, ales and spirits available In the heart of King's Cross Sydney.

Cables: HAMPCOR. Telephone: FA 7 081.

All over the world Smart people — START the day right with a Kiwi Shine From New York to Timbuctoo— From Birmingham to Hawaii— From London to Papua Smart people shine daily with Kiwi.

Kiwi puts a gleam on your shoes that lasts all day.

“They’re well worn, but they’ve worn well, thanks to KIWI” s

Call Of The

ISLANDS NZ Ministers Go North WITH winter’s biting southerlies whipping Wellington’s Houses of Parliament, thoughts there, in June, were turning to the isles to the north.

First to succumb to the call and slip quietly away was a party headed by Civil Aviation Minister Shand, with Secretary Kemp, Aviation Director Gibson, and Secretary Rae in close support. Also there were Mesdames Shand and Kemp. It was a Ministerial “inspection” tour of aviation facilities along the Coral Route which only by chance coincided with the annual fete at Papeete!

The Minister’s technical staff might have handled all the inspection necessary, though there were grounds for some doubt on that score in Western Samoa, There, without prior warning, all air connection with the outside world was suddenly withdrawn on April 5 due to a . “deterioration” of radio navigational facilities.

A minor short-term breakdown would have been understandable, but inquiries in mid-June indicated that repairs and replacements were still proceeding at Satapuala- Faleolo Airport and that the Civil Aviation Department’s facilities “might” be ready by July 1, three months after the “deterioration.”

What it has cost TEAL—or the Mew Zealand taxpayer—will not be mown until the end of the 1955-56 anancial year. What is known is :hat it has seriously cut down FEAL’S payload, right at the height )f the Tahiti tourist season, as the lying-boats are forced to take on much additional gasoline at Suva or the long hop directly to Ututaki.

As Aitutaki’s radio facilities are of ibout the same vintage as Samoa’s, i similar “deterioration” there would 19 1 be surprising. No doubt there vill be some chilling questions to counter the warmth of the Coral loute at the next session of Parlianent in Wellington! \ MORE extensive tour was planned by New Zealand’s current Territories Minister Mr. lacdonald. He departed three days fter Mr. Shand’s party on June 21, nth Islands Secretary J. B. Wright, n a “familiarisation” tour of all lew Zealand’s tropical territories— lamoa, Niue, the Tokelaus, the varius outer Cook Islands, some of diich have not seen a Minister except with reversed collar) for be past 30 years.

First leg of this excursion was by ofua from Auckland. The RNZAF, ’EAL, and sundry shipping was to rovide the remaining transport of ae month-long tour.

Like all other Ministers preceding im, he will undoubtedly return reatly impressed with everything Australian MP's Also Hunt the Heat NEW ZEALAND Parliamentarians are not alone in hankering for the warmth of the South Sea Islands. Six Commonwealth Goveminent Members will spend two weeks in Papua and New Guinea in July-August.

Among them will be Mr. Arthur Calwell, Deputy-Leader of the Federal Opposition.

The five other members are Senator D. C. Hannaford (Liberal, South Australia), Mr, W. M. Jack (Liberal, NSW), Mr. L. T. Failes (Country Party, NSW), Mr. W. G.

Bryson (ALP Anti-Communist, Victoria), and Senator W. E. Aylett (Labour, Tasmania).

An extensive tour has been arranged for the members, and will include an inspection of APC’s drilling areas in Western Papua.

Matua Voyage to Cook Is. mjJE Union Steam Ship Co.’s J. Matua, normally on the New Zealand-Fiji-Samoa run, will make another special voyage to the Cook Islands in November—she made one earlier in the year as stand-in for the pensioned Maui Pomare. She will leave Auckland on November 4, arrive Rarotonga November 8-9, Mangaia 10, Rarotonga 11, and arrive back at Auckland November 17. The voyage will ensure necessary supplies for the hurricane season and clear an accumulation of passengers.

The 700-ton freighter Viti, currently maintaining the cargo service from Auckland, put back to that port with engine trouble late June while bound for Rarotonga, but was expected to sail again early July. 175 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— JULY, 1955

b£ o^2 Quick and easy to apply, Pammastic is lastingly beautiful and specially resistant to Humidity THIS PAINT LASTS!

BLUNDELL PMMMrfSTIG

Plastic Emulsion Coating

For the preservation and decoration of exterior and interior surfaces Pammastic is self-sealing and needs no primer or undercoat. One coat is enough on some surfaces and two coats will give a dense cover on any surface. You can apply it with a 4 or 6-inch brush, spray or roller. All this adds up to the easiest painting you have ever experienced.

Pammastic is long lasting, too. It dries to a hard, impervious surface that is almost indestructible. You can use it outside or inside. It is right for plaster, fibrous plaster, bricks, cement rendering, wallboards, and wallpaper.

Obtainable from your local storekeeper , or write for details and colour cords to KERR BROS. PTY. LTD. 255 a George Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

BLUNDI^L PAMMASTIC the true paint miracle of our time Empire’s Sugar Exporters Still Protected THE United Kingdom Government, although bent on ending the State-trading system, will preserve the provisions under which Empire sugar exporters are given market and price stability in Britain.

This London statement was made on June 10, after the Queen had referred in the Speech from the Throne to proposed legislation concerning the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement.

Under the long-term agreement signed in December, 1951, the British Government agreed to buy sugar from export organisations in Australia, Fiji, the British West Indies, Mauritius and South Africa, and it was indicated that some other territories could join later.

The agreement was to run until 1958, but it has been extended at yearly intervals to run until 1962.

The Food Ministry is Britain’s sole sugar importer for domestic consumption, but the Conservative Government, whose declared policy is to end State trading in food, has determined to stop Food Ministry sugar-trading “as soon as practicable.”

IT was announced early in June that Brazil had joined Indonesia and Peru in remaining outside the International Sugar Agreement, to which most of the major sugar exporting and importing countries subscribe.

A London report on June 7 stated that Brazil’s continued absence from the international agreement might push refined sugar prices down towards the end of the year. At that time world market price was about 3.4 cents per lb, compared with about 3.2 cents in the first three months of the year.

Noumea Ship Aground WITH 39 passengers aboard, plus crew, the 205-ton Noumea vessel Havannah (ex Colorado del Mar, ex Hokitika, well known in New Zealand waters) went ashore on a reef in the dangerous Havannah Pass through the reefs east of Noumea late in June. The mishap occurred at night, but the sea was calm and the stranding was in sheltered waters. The ship was inbound from the Loyalty Islands.

The French naval sloop Tiare and a Noumea tug took off the passengers, and the vessel was towed clear and arrived at Noumea on July 11 with apparently little damage. 176 JULY, 1055-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

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Fiji’S Rugby Men

And Hockey

Women Do Well

rj'IJI’S representative teams overseas Rugby Union in Western Samoa and women’s hockey in New Zealand lave produced notable lists of successes.

The Fijian Rugby men, whose Samoan ’isit was planned mainly to encourage iamoan Rugby, started at Apia with a 6-3 win over Pirates Club.

In the first test Samoa had the best of hings in the first spell, but in the second pell the Fijians scored a string of tries 0 win the match 18-11.

In the second test Samoa led 6-0 at lalf-time, but the Fijians again rallied rilliantly to win the match 14-6, thus linching the rubber for Fiji.

The third test, on June 18, resulted in nother substantial Fijian win, 26-3.

Plans to send the Australian Rugby earn to Fiji after its New Zealand tour bis season were knocked on the head a July 5. when the secretary of the NSW’ ugby Union (Mr. J. O’Neill) announced rat the Fiji Rugby Union had cancelled le visit. He added; “No reasons are given, but I presume lat the cost of about £1,500 for the visit > Fiji for only two matches might be >o much.”

Fiji’s women’s hockey team (pictured in tine PIM) won 10 of the first 12 matches 1 its New Zealand tour, mostly against mntry teams in the North Island. The tie loss was to Auckland, 3-6, and the tatch against Combined Country (Auckmd Province) resulted in a 1-1 draw, ood wins were scored against Haurakii ■O. Rodney, 5-0: Northern Wairoa. 9-1; entrai Bay of Plenty, 9-1; and Rotorua, ■ft.

Prince Tungi, of Tonga, homeward Dund from a business trip to urope and the United States, here he discussed trade matters, as expected to call at Papeete board the Messageries Maritimes oer Eridan late June.

Pacific Islands Society AT the June gathering members and guests of the Sydney Pacific Islands Society heard an interesting lecture, illustrated with coloured slides, presented by Professor A. Grove Day, MA, Ph.D, Professor of English at the University of Hawaii and one of the 46 American Fullbright Scholars at present studying in Australia.

Professor Day spoke about Hawaii in general—its geography, economy, and its unique position as a successful racial melting pot. fl Miss Rachel Burgess, who was matron at the Norfolk Island Hospital for 3 h years and left there only recently, is now at the Maternity Unit of Shannon House Hospital, Yass, NSW.

The Fijian team before the first test in Apia. (R. F. Rankin photo). 177 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Land Planes on the Coral Route?

Several recent events suggest that a change over to land ’planes on the TEAL Coral Route to Tahiti may have advanced a stage. TEAL are believed eager to change to the more profitable DC6’s. Airfields are the only obstacle. rHE Cook Islands are keenly awaiting the change-over, as it will place Rarotonga back on he air routes. But first the airstrips here and at Faleolo (W. Samoa) rill have to be lengthened. Provision ras made for this in the original ayouts, but the work would take □me time.

A NZ Civil Aviation Department ircraft was doing some photoraphic work along the route in une, probably in connection with ach plans.

There remains the problem of the bral Route’s eastern terminus, 'ahiti, where an airfield exists, ccording to a circular recently sued jointly by the Tahiti Tourist ureau and the Chamber of Comlerce, setting out the derability of an International Air- Drt at Tahiti, TEAL, and a French ■overnment consultant, Colonel astex, have both rejected the posbility of using Bora Bora’s warme built strip. Firstly, it is too lort for large aircraft and cannot ; lengthened—each end finishes at lep ocean; and secondly, because its isolation from Papeete.

The Tahiti Territorial Assembly >ted unanimously on June 17 in vour of building an International irport and ship bunkering famines near Papeete, but it is not 3ar where the estimated £A2l| illion that it would cost would me from, as the circular says that e French Union Assembly in iris last March rejected a move to lance the project by 81 votes to . Clearly on Tahiti’s normal dget allowance, such a job must spread over years, tt will be interesting to see what lue, if any, to TEAL, or to New aland, will be the extension of e air route beyond Tahiti. When uth Pacific Airlines’ Honolulupeete weekly service commences is obviously going to have an imrtant effect on TEAL’S Coral >ute profit-and-loss account. But tat effect?

Will the American millionaires, ading south for a change from •nolulu’s attractions, travel both ys by SPA—and thus cheat TEAL their carriage by the present ite via Fiji? Or will they come ith to Tahiti by SPA and take : longer but more interesting road me via the Cooks, Samoa, and i? Good publicity may be the uding factor in this matter. SPA ild mean better business for TEAL r it could mean much less busi is. Seemingly, the Tahiti busiisman in a hurry to reach France 1 now travel SPA—that is, if and en SPA gets started. .ate in June it was reported that both Solent Mk. 11l aircraft are now in Oakland, California, undergoing modifications. Some feel that they may not be put into service before next Tahiti tourist season— say, April-May, 1956.

It is possible that, in the absence of a Tahiti airfield, SPA could connect with TEAL at Aitutaki, where both land and sea dromes exist — with mutual advantage to both airlines and thus permitting TEAL to make an earlier change-over to DC6’s, even if later TEAL should fly them on to Tahiti when an airfield is built there.

No doubt all these matters are currently under discussion in New Zealand. t First of two Dragon Rapide aircraft purchased by the recently formed TARNSPAC Airways of Noumea, was expected there in July.

It was being flown out from London. The company’s chief pilot, Jean Lafargue, was expected as a passenger aboard the new Polynesie. 179 CIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Full Inquiry Into

Apia Pwd Urged

From Our Apia Correspondent AFTER the announcement that large quantities of Public Works stores—chiefly timber, roofing iron and cement—had been stolen and that some of the missing materials had been recovered by the police in Upolu and SavaiC the Legislative Assembly of Western Samoa asked the Government to appoint a Commission of Inquiry to investigate all activities of the Public Works Department.

At the Budget session in March, £lO,OOO was voted for the completion of the new road from Vaigafa to Lotofaga and Lepa connecting the northern and southern coasts of Upolu. It is now alleged that £22,000 has already been spent on the road without the Assembly’s authority.

It has been reported that on the night of May 25 pay envelopes containing some £2,000 in cash for wages and salaries of PWD employees were stolen from the PWD office.

The police found the money, minus £76, under the office floor.

Death of Well-Known Ex-Fiji Identity The late Mr. E. I. Baker, whose death occurred at Manly, NSW, on May 30, and was reported in June PIM. This picture was taken in Fiji many years ago with Adi Maopa, who was the mother of Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna.

Mr. Baker went to Fiji from Sydney about 1901 and joined the Government service. For many years he was a District Commissioner in various parts of Fiji, and when he retired was Senior District Commissioner. He took a great interest in sport, and particularly tennis and golf. In 1909 he, in partnership with Mr.

H. C. Monckton, won the lawn tennis doubles championship of Fiji. Since then in Fiji and after he retired he has been a keen and good golfer, for the last 10 years as a member of the Manly Golf Club. 180 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

iwr l YOOUIM I 6010 I iAGSR mitw WAYS and yoo'// tie J/fference “Surely some antiseptics are better than others ?” w "Of course, there are differences. Yet, it is not by mere chance that Dettol is used and recommended by almost every doctor in the British Commonwealth.”

DETTOL REGD.

The Safe Way to Safety 6682 Successful Show Held in Madang, NG U Mr. Siosaia P. Vaea, Clerk to the Tongan Legislative Assembly and Cabinet, returned on May 31 after vacation leave in New Zealand. ff Mr. H. M. Galt, the new PWD Mechanical Engineer in Tonga arrived with his wife and daughter at Nukualofa on May 31 Madang, New Guinea, held its third annual Show on June 4 and 5; a dance and presentation of trophies on the night of the 4th for the European community and a sing-sing at the showground for the natives. A barbeque supper was served at the European dance.

All sections of the community were enthusiastic entrants in Show exhibits and ring events. Native Group exhibits with their carvings, handicrafts and basketry, as well as produce such as rice, vegetables and fruit were, as usual, some of the most attractive.

This year's winner was Pau Village, the Luluai of which received a tri-coloured, gold-fringed sash on behalf of the village which also has the honour of holding the Donald Shield for one year.

The photographs show (left) one of the native exhibits; and (right), Madang Plantation Syndicate 's winning Group Exhibition. In conjunction with the show, the Agricultural and Horticultural Society also conducts a garden competition which this year was won by Mr.

R. Donald (for gardens under two years old); and by Mrs. 0. Cameron (gardens over two years old). Photos by R. Schumacher.

PACIFIC ISLANDS monthly JULY, 1955

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Masculine comfort calls for the "freedom fit” of Nile sleeks and trunks.

Fashioned from the finest Egyptian yarns, Nile underwear withstands constant laundering . . . gives lasting satisfaction.

Ladies’ Briefs And Singlets

Nile offers a particularly fine range of ladies’ and children’ s cotton and rayon cotton briefs, pantees and singlets.

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182 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

You Needn’t Keep About Executorship HANDS

That Never Leak.B

THE WHEEL If you have agieed to act as an Executor, you have everv reason to feel anxious about the future. If you have placid I friend the same position, you will be equally well advised to reconsider confronting'him° P riv^ te Executor who appreciates the difficulties compfacent WS ° Wn limitations ~ Hands That Never Leave The Wheel” explains this task in detail SakP I OU re S d thls 2 r£u page booklet . you will not hesitate to make a prompt change. The appointment of Burns Philn Trust Company Limited as Executor transfers all responsibility to a capable, experienced and enduring institution.

You can obtain this free booklet from any branch of Burns Philp h .x? ea) T ?? mpany ’ Burns Phil P ,New Guinea) Limited Burns office (NeW Hebndes) Limite d, or from the Trust Company’s head James Burns P.T.W. Black DIRECTORS: MANAGER; L. S. Parker.

Joseph Mitchell Eric Priestley Lee SECRETARY: E. R. Overton, F.A.S.A.

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Telegraphic Address: “BURNSTRUST”. Box 543, G.P.O.

Also Registered Offices at Melbourne, Brisbane, Port Moresby {Papua), and Vila (New Hebrides ).

Teacher’S Attack

“Pompous Rule"

Alleged in G and E Colony A CHANGE in the system of government in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony is to be sought in London by Captain W. H.

Hughes, director of missionary education and of the teachers’ trainng college in the colony.

Captain Hughes, who was sent to he islands by the London Missionary Society, told the New Zealand Herald, Auckland, that the Gilbert md Ellice Islanders are the most lighly taxed people of any British colony.

He said that if a man owns land le is taxed on his land. If he grows coconuts—which are the basic proluct in the Islands’ economy—he is axed on what he picks. His £1 is vorth about 6/-.

“We have no right to force the h-itish way of life on the Islanders,” aid Captain Hughes. “Our duty is o help them, not impose on them.

“Until five years ago they were ery happy under the rule of a ouple of Englishmen and a native lerk. Now the Solomons, the New lebndes and the Gilbert and Ellice slands are under the pompous rule f a High Commissioner.”

Captain Hughes said that.under be new set-up there were more facials than he could count, and ach official had “one or more ecretaries.”

Captain Hughes left Auckland for Ingland on July 7. His wife, a octor, had gone previously.

June travellers by "Wlalaifa"

Travellers in "Malaita" in June included (left to right): Mr. and Mrs. H. R. Horsburgh, who returned to Vila after furlough in Sydney. Mr. Horsburgh is attached to Burns Philp's Vila Branch Office. Miss 0. Y. Reeve, of BSIP Government staff, who was returning to Honiara after vacation in Sydney, was farewelled by Mrs. K. C. Jackson, who is well known in the Solomons.

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

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Cruise Ship

In Moresby

Souvenirs for Visitors, Profits for Traders PORT Moresby, in late June, gave a tumultuous welcome to the eleven hundred passengers on board the P and O Liner, Himalaya.

The vessel dropped anchor in the Harbour shortly after seven o’clock in the morning and first passengers came ashore about an hour later.

They, and about twenty later boatloads, were welcomed on to Papuan soil by the Police and PIR bands.

Many people missed transport arranged for them whilst listening to the bands, especially the PIR Pipe Band, but got seats in later buses and taxis.

By ten o’clock ,the landing area on the waterfront was deserted, but the shopping area of Port Moresby was crowded with hundreds of gaily-dressed souvenir hunters.

Most shops reported record business during the ten hours Himalaya was in port.

About 50 of the passengers, soon after landing, were taken to the War Cemetery at Bomana to see the graves of relatives and friends.

One woman with a son buried at Bomana told a PIM correspondent that she had applied to have his body removed to Australia. After seeing Bomana cemetery, she decided against this. “It would be a pity to move my son from such a beautiful spot,” she said.

Those visitors who did not take one of the many conducted tours of Port Moresby spent the morning shopping and the afternoon watching a “Sing-Sing” at Ela Beach Oval.

Storekeepers in Port Moresby selling films reported the best business for years. About four out of every five of the tourists carried a movie or still camera. The native traffic constable on duty in Musgrave Street was the most photographed man in Moresby that day. At times, scores of people were standing near him, or on the footpaths with their cameras trained on him.

Before calling at Moresby, Himalaya visited Noumea and Suva.

She carried 1,163 passengers, plus her crew of 630.

Four Tongan Government scholars at the Auckland Grammar School have passed the NZ School Certificate examination. They are Karl • Tu’inukuafe, Edgar Max Tu’inukuafe, ’Teuene Tupou and ‘Aisake Folau. t A Pago Pago barber’s shop was broken into and robbed, and the Goat Island Club liquor store looted on the following night late in May.

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No Cordiality for Jap Sailors On Visit to Suva Prom Our Own Correspondent NO red carpet, brass bands or potted palms were out when the Japanese ship Tenyo Maru, in June, brought the Rising Sun flag back to Suva for the second time since the Pacific War. (The first Japanese call, in 1954, was merely to land two sailors for hospital treatment).

Normally anything unusual at the King’s Wharf creates lively interest, but there was a marked lack of cordiality in the expressions of the Fijians and others who casually looked the ship (11,224 tons gross) over. The Japanese crew stared back impassively.

Not quite so impassive was a Japanese who was charged at the Magistrate’s Court with non-paynent of duty on a wristlet watch. (He had taken the watch ashore md, for obvious reasons, had not ;aken it back to the ship). He was ined £25.

Some of the habits of some of the lapanese—more particularly those nvolving extremely public breaches »f sanitary regulations were tartling.

“You’re in Fiji—not Japan!” shouted a Fijian woman with un- Fijian contempt when, while sweeping in a block of flats, she spotted Japanese sailors making very unhygienic use of the main entrance.

Whether or not the aliens understood the lady’s forceful English, there was no mistaking the threat of the brandished broom, and they decamped with all speed.

Tenyo Maru is the mother-ship of the American-controlled, Japanese-operated tuna fleet based at Pago Pago. She came to Suva to load 950 tons of fuel oil. 185 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

M-NIVENS Sice creaid Now airfreighted by Q ANT AS to the PACIFIC Write to-day for particulars of this new air service. McNiven's famous Ice Cream forwarded to you in special airfreight containers including disposable cans for bulk Ice Cream.

<1 Rockets On A Stick • Bricks

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• Buckets • Boomers (Ice Blocks)

Hfnivens "Beauty Cones And Wafers"

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Muhvens "Rainbow Or Plain Drinking

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Thoroughly tested to withstand a lengthy immersion in hot water, fruit juices or aerated drinks.

Ask your Store for supplies or write to your agent McNIVEN BROS. LTD. 47-51 Salisbury Road, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia Telephone LA 3781-8 186 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Classified Advertisements

Drive Yourself Cars

SYDNEY VISITORS Drive yourself service.

All new Renaults, rates 6d per mile with free N.R.M.A. road service, free Insurance, and free oil. This Is the lowest rate In Sydney. Telegraph or Cable “Berkiladd”

Sydney. Ira L. & A. C. Berk Pty. Ltd., 72 William Street. ’Phone; M 4702.

IN SYDNEY.—Drive yourself—all Holdens; cheapest rates, N.R.M.A. road service.

Make the most of your leave. Sydney Hate Wentworth) Drive Yourself 77 Wentworth Ave.. or 196 Elizabeth St Citv MA 9204 (after hours, PM3113).

DRIVE YOURSELF CARS.—At your service in Brisbane. Lloyd-De Laurier Pty.

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ACCOMMODATION FLAT AT MANLY, Sydney, Aust.—s min. surf, ferry, pool, shops, overlooks Manly Ocean. Heads. LUXURY furn., w./w. carpets, refrig., hot water, ’phone, garden & lawns. Accommodation: Dbl. B 2 SB • Day B. IMPORTANT: Due to difficulty experienced in arranging date of arrival with vacant accommodation, I am inviting applications and ALTERNATIVE DATES.

Please state period required for. Reply to ’’Manly Holiday”, 0.P.0. Box 417, Sydney.

NORFOLK ISLAND, "Burnt Pine" Real Estate Agency. Cable Address: "Adage.

Norfolk Island”. Properties for sale In peaceful surroundings and beautiful ullmate of Norfolk Island. All enquiries promptly attended to.

FRENCH PENSION with French cooking.

Apply: 6 South Avenue, Double Bay Sydney. Phone: FB 3549.

PENFRIENDS HON'T BE LONELY,—Men and women over Australia are finding happiness trough my Friendship & Matrimonial correspondence Club. Someone wants to ie YOUR friend. Select and confidential.

Vrlte TO-DAY. No obligation. Locker P, Jorothy Pope Friendship Club (regd ) lox 182, Haymarket P. 0.. Sydney, N.S.W. lELP yourself and another lonely person o a full life. Be introduced the aodern way by correspondence. Members n Australia and overseas. All ages (from 8 on), faiths, nationalities and walks of fe; cities and country. State age, sex, inguages, etc., and write for free inforlatlon brochure to be sent to you, in lain sealed envelope, to: Milton’s Friendt»ip Club (Regd.), Dept. 5, Box 2871 •P. 0., Sydney. Strictly confidential—No bligation—New Australians welcome WANTED Contact correspondents, hilatehsts, hobbyists and Pen Friends iroughout the Pacific. ' Island repremtatives wanted. Members in almost country of the world. Write for >ecimen copy Club journal "Island Life” id application form, to Secretary, South ?a Islands Correspondence Club, Natuvu iji Is.

SN-FRIENDS, American, 8.W.1., all ages r Pacific Islands residents. Send name! ;e, list hobbies or interests. No charges it any used stamps appreciated. G. J lymond, 3715 Alberta, Houston 21, Texas, S. A.

BOOKS ANY NEW BOOK (English), which is in print now, posted to you in a few days I also find rare and out-of-print books to order. Large Pacific clientele. Banking accounts at Sydney and Wellington. Write Philip R. Boulton, Bookseller. Westbury Wilts, England.

SHHH. DON’T TELL a soul we said this —we’re book searchers. When someone wants to get a book and doesn’t know how or where to get it, we do. Doesn’t matter when it was written or in what language We do quite a lot of other things in the book business, too. Just drop us a line we can read, too! Enjoy yourselves. The Wakelys, Box 2656, Auckland, N.Z.

Positions Wanted

TWO YOUNG MEN, 30 and 33, industrious, hard working, seeking jobs anywhere in Pacific. Willing to accept any type of work. One experienced electrician and handyman, other insurance salesman and office worker. Willing to sign long term contracts. Please reply to I. Krenzer. 325 Pitt St., Sydney, Australia.

TWO MARRIED DUTCHMEN, no families, wanting any kind of work anywhere in Pacific. Wives also willing to work. Employed in offices at present. Temporary or permanent accommodation would be helpful. Please reply to: N. Fokkens, 17 Fox St., Dunedin, N.Z.

STAY AT CRAIGNATHAN Private Hotel 2 HAYES ST.. NEUTRAL BAY.

Right on Sydney Harbour. 15 mins, ferry to City. Bed and Breakfast, or Business Board.

Islands Visitors Welcome.

FOR SALE

Tokelau Islands Handicrafts Are

generally accepted to be the best in the Pacific. Regular supplies of genuine Tokelau mats, hats, fans, canoe boxes, etc. are now available from; B. Pereira, Fatialofa Stores, Tafusi St., Box 218, Apia Western Samoa. Mail orders accepted.

Representation Wanted

KORAY, LIMITED, the well-known U.K. manufacturers of Koray Headache Tablets, requires a first-class Agency House to represent them in Tonga, British Solomon Islands and the Gilbert & Ellice Islands.

Please write to: Koray, Limited, Bridgend Glamorgan, UK.

FOR SALE

Coconut Plantation

In British Solomon

ISLANDS Area 677 acres freehold. 400 acres planted with coconuts in full production; yield approximately 140 tons per annum, increasing. 40 acres cleared partly planted. Land suitable for cocoa or other tropical crops. Fully stocked with cattle and pigs.

Residence, Manager’s house and all necessary buildings.

Working plant and full labour force. Price £A25,000 walk in, walk out. Apply: “SOLOMONS”, c/o Box 3403, G.P.0., Sydney.

Consign Your Shell To VENTURA TRADING CO. PTY. ITD.

26 Bridge Street, Sydney

We con offer highest prices for oil types of Shell and Island Produce, and invite your inquiry.

Cables; “VENTURA,” Sydney. 187 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Cost of packing and transport to wharf depends on the number and size of counters required. A quotation for packing will be submitted promptly upon request.

This Modern Display Counter will Help to Sell More Goods in YOUR Store! (and it # s specially built for Export) As smart as those in leading Australian City stores, and built by a firm that has been making fine store and office fittings for over forty years.

Another view of the “Brahol”

Export Counter case, showing width of counter space.

Moreover, it is specially built for export, so that it can be readily securely packed, and assembled by anyone, from simple directions, in an hour, with no tools other than a screwdriver. Retailers all over the world have learned the selling value of modern display equipment, and this “silent salesman” will soon pay for itself in increased sales.

BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS: To help you get an accurate picture of the "Brahol” Special Export Glass Counter Case, here are the main specifications: Overall size is 4 ft., 6 ft., or 8 ft. long x 1 ft. 9 in. deep x 3 ft. 3 in. high.

Made from first-class well-seasoned Queensland Maple or Silver Ash, hand French polished to natural colour.

Bray & Holliday

PIY. LTD.

Glass parts are y 4 inch British plate glass.

The inside is lacquered ivory colour, and the recessed base is lacquered burgundy.

There is a pair of solid core sliding doors, and one glass shelf, 14 inches wide, on adjustable nickel-plated brackets.

Storage space below is 11 inches high.

The plate glass front is 22 inches high.

Makers of Fine Store and Office Fittings for over forty years.

Brahol House, 66-74 McLachlan Are., Rushcufter Bay, Sydney.

Telephone: FA4121 Cable and Telegraphic Address: Brahol 188 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

Which Of These

LTD COMPRESSORS Will Suit You Best ?

MODEL X/ERT: A complete service unit for all types of work, powered by a h.p. J.A.P. engine.

Fitted with 16 inch x 4 inch pneumatic tyres. Free air delivery 10.3 c.f.m.

MODEL C/FECc A free air delivery of 7.6 c.f.m. is provided by the 2 h.p. "Terrier" engine, which gives ample reserve for general homestead duties, property renovation and vehicle maintenance. Can also be supplied as a portable unit on 16 inch x 4 inch pneumatic tyres.

L MODEL SERT; Powered by a 1 h.p. J.A.P. engine this unit, being mounted on 6 inch solid rubber wheels, is readily portable and can be taken to any job on the property. It has an output of 3.73 c.f.m. free air.

You Get ■■. v MORE AIR PER H.P.

THE "CUB": A compact home-size compressor that every owner of a 32 volt Lighting Plant can just plug in for painting, spraying, tyre inflation and many other tasks. Powered by a 4 h.p. 32 volt electric motor. from a “D.G.M.”

DANGAR, CEDYE & MALLOCH LTD. 10-K Young Street, Circular Quay, Sydney P.O. Box 509 Radiograms: Dangars, Sydney Local Agents: Ah' 1 * Bunting Ltd UL 'f f en l ury M ° tors ' LAE Pacific Island Motors, PORT MORESBY • Bunting Ltd., SAMARA). F. L. Kwock Cheong, RABAUL. Madang Slipways Ltd MADANG J. H. Ellis, GOROKA. ' AD3o' Advertisers Achun, G. ... 97 Amalg. Dairies 88 A.G.E 117 A.&R. Ltd. ... 59 A.N.Z. Bank . . 90 A.M.L. & F. . . 169 Akta-Vite ... 155 Aluminium Ltd. . 32 Ametco Pty. Ltd. 127 Amplion Ltd. . . 143 Armstrong & Sp. . 52 Arnott, Wm. . 55-58 Aspro 78 A asian. Sales . 77 Baker, W. Jno . 81 Bank of NSW . 129 Bank of NZ . . .60 Barker College . 185 Barraclough, J. H. 77 Bartholemew, J. . 70 Bethel I, Gwyn . 140 Blackwood-Hodge 162 Blaxland-Rae . . 128 Blundell-Spence . 176 Borthwick's . .120 Bradford Mills 76 Brasso .... 179 Braybon Bros. . . 23 Breckwoldt ... 86, 111, 154 Breden, W. S. . 132 Breekveldt, G. . . 85 British Paints . . 44 Bray & Holliday 188 Broadway Motors 70 Brunton & Co. 9, 60 Bunge Pty. . . 160 Bunting, A. H. . 156 I.P. 14, 100, 153, 183 Maine's Studios . 147 arpenter . 150, 157 Shipper, J. L. . . 101 Colgate . . 106, 180 ’olman's Mustard 177 Colonial Meat . . 54 !olyer W's'n. 41, 160 !ooke Bros. . . 167 ’oral Co. . . . 83 rammond Co. . 166 oral Sea Co. . . 82 unningham, R. H. 163 ystex . . . .101 'avids, S. W. . 137 ettol 181 onald Ltd. ... 156 ouglass, W. C. . 149 unlop Rubber . . 91 Hams Ltd. ... 82 t. Donald ... 86 veready .... 110 Herker, A. J. . . 45 veryday P'rod. . 87 arrer, Wm. . . 163 awler, Wm. . . 80 anke & Hiedecke 185 ■aser, D. ... 148 ’igate Rum ... 39 amble's Chicks . 53 ardner Eng. . . 48 arrett, D. & M. . 89 arrick Hotel . . 37 Ibey, W. & A. 151 llespie Bros. . 81 Hespie, R. . 1, 63, 79, 108, 158, 161 llette Ltd. . .184 )rdon Vale . . 117 ardon's Gin . . 53 •aham Books . 40 PH. (Suva) . . 38 ove Ltd. . 49, 128 Hvorsen, B. . . 136 ilvorsen, Sons . 133 rnipton Court . 175 irdie & Spear . 136 & H. . 134, 135 >rvey Trinder . 62 irt's Agencies . 163 tstings Diesels . 92 iwleys Ltd. . . 72 Maby Ltd. . . 113 Ibrooks Ltd. . 115 & R 125 geia Co. . . . 78 Hytest .... 159 Is. Industries . . 109 Is. Transport . . 141 1.C.1 184 Jefferson Pty. . 171 Johnson's Wax . 152 Kennedy, Capt. . 141 Kerr Bros. ... 105 Kiwi Polish . r . 175 Kodak 46 Kopsen & Co. . .142 Lillis & Co. . . 104 Mac. Robertson's 173 Manning & Co. . 112 Marfleet & Weight 144 Marine Spares . 139 Mendaco ... 143 Millers Ltd. . . 102 M. H. Ltd. . 10, 103 Morgan Vernex . 178 Mungo Scott . .123 Mcllrath's . 39, 107 McNiven's Pty. . 186 National In. Co. . 118 N. & R. . . 19, 132 Needham & Co. . 153 Nestle's .... 114 NG Aust. Line . 139 Nile Products . . 182 Nirex 178 Nixoderm . . . 151 NZNAC .... 64 Oliver Corp. . . 116 Pacific Cons'l'd. . 119 Parke Davis . .125 P. I. Line ... 137 Papuan Prints . 93 Penfold, W. C. . 28 Piccaninny Wax 124 Qld. Insurance . 22 Qld. Milling . . 119 Ransomes Co. . . 63 Reckitt's Blue . . 51 Refrig. Inst. Co. . 89 Riette, A. . . . 171 Riverstone Co. . 126 Robinson, G. H. . 73 Rohu, Sil . . . . 54 Rozema Bros. . . 138 Rutty, G., Ltd. . 96 Sails & Covers . 131 Saunders Ltd. . .18 Seppelt & Son . 122 Seward Ltd. . . 73 Shaw Savill . . 140 Shell Co 61 S'eeomakers Ltd. 102 Smith, Rees ... 98 Spruso Co. . . . 51 S.T.C. Ltd. ... 85 Stapleton Pty. . 155 Stewards-Lloyds . 74 S. P. Brewery . 181 Southwell, H. C. 179 Stinson's Studios 120 Sthn. Pac. Ins. . 45 Sullivan Ltd. 74, 99 Tait, W. S. . . 147 Taylor & Co. . . 59 Thornburgh . .108 Thornycroft Co. . 33 Tilley Lamps . . 145 Ti I lock & Co. . . 3 Tooheys Ltd. . . 140 Tooth & Co. . . 148 Turners Supply . 177 Tusculum .... 94 Tyneside Eng. . . 75 United Radios . . 167 Vacuum Oil Co. . 174 Vincent Bros. . . 130 Ventura . . 24, 187 Vi-Stim . . . .163 Vincent's APC . . 69 Warnock ... 112 Waters 164, 165, 172 Westfield Meats . 146 Wilhelmsen, W. . 131 White Rose ... 94 Wilco Chairs . . 93 Wise Bros ... 144 Wills Ltd. ... 8 Wright & Co. . . 50 Wunderlich Co. . 71 Yorkshire Ins. . . 49 Young, H. . 95, 121 189 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY, 1955

Index to Vol. XXV.

Vol. XXV is indexed under: AUG., 1954, TO JUL, 1955, INCLUSIVE (First numeral indicates number of issue, second numeral gives page.) -.Agriculture Papua-N. Guinea Asia Pearling, Shell Aviation Fishing, Fishing.

Canton Is. Personalities Copra (inc. edible Pidgin English oils) Quarter - Century Cocoa Issue Deaths Rhinoceros Beetle Easter Is. Samoa, Eastern Fiji Samoa, Western Health Ships Marshall, Marianas Solomons & Caroline Is. South Pacific Com- Nauru mission N. Caledonia Tahiti N. Hebrides Tonga Norfolk Is. W.P.H.C. Terri- Pacific (general) tories AGRICULTURE (See also under Individual Territories).—Kenaf, 1-21, 2-19, 6-65; Bananas, 1-51, 1-55, 5-149, 6-36, 7- 118; Peanuts, 1-54; Oranges, 1-71, 2-159; Cocoa, 1-73; Papuan Rubber, 2-17, 3-17; Galip, 3-98: Cl Tomatoes, 3-132; NZ Fruit Imports, 3-144; Morobe Rice, 3-153; Rice in Fiji, 4-99, 6-25; NG Passionfruit, 4-125; NG Tea, 4-159; Coffee, 4-163, 6-67, 11-160; Sugar Price, 5-17, 12-176; Vanilla, 5-30, 8- 14; Guava, 6-28; Ginger, 6-63; Rubber Prices, 6-155; Citrus, 8-27; Sugarcane Wax, 8-62; Fruit Juices, 8-91; Copra Agreement Query, 9-14; P-NG Rice Imports 9-27; Fiji’s Pineapples Uneconomic, 9-33; Grasslands Survey, 9-43; April Prices, 9-129: Rhino Beetles in Fiji, 10-19; NZ Banana Black Market, 10-30; Ginger Warning, 11-113; Pineapple Peeling Machine, 11-121; Export Prices, 11-142; Coffee in NC, 12-97.

ASIA AND ASIATIC AFFAIRS.—General, 1-13: T ndo-China, 1-14; Asia-Pacific Trade 1- Indonesia, 5-15; 5-49, 10-91, 10-94,’ 11-25; Chinese Penetration, 9-156; French Warned, 9-157; Indonesian Claim to Dutch NG, 10-91; Sir J. Nicoll’s Singapore Job, 11-15.

AVIATION.—Sydney - Noumea - Suva Service, 1-16; Dutch NG Link, 1-18- Fiji Airways Drovers. 1-20, 4-47; Hawaii-Tahiti Tiink, 1-21; New Dutch NG Strip, 1-41- P-NG Beavers, 2-16, 7-74; Drover on Reef, 2- 3-13; Flying-boats, 2-19, 4-10; Nadi Runway, 2-19; New Services, 3-158; French Service, 4-154; Survey Cos., 4-154; Hono- -5-47, 9-161; Santo Aero • .üb, 5-135; Coral Route, 6-15, 9-14; CPA Over Pole, 7-15; Tongan Rates, ’ 7-15; P-NG Services, 7-21; Air Tourism, 7-49; New Caledonia Airline, 7-125; Samoan Airlines, 8-14; Mark IV Solents Grounded. 17: TEAL Profit, 8-23, 10-14, 11-115; Auckland - Norfolk Line, 8-23; Eastern •amoan Airstrip. 8-31; Pacific Service nanges, 9-16; Cir G. Taylor’s Plans. 9- : , 5 ’ 11-145; Dutch NG Expansion, 9-147; i ]; 39: Skymasters for P-NG, 10-19, 11- 15.: Whites Travel Service, 10-23, il-43; t World Plight, 10-55; Sydney-Tokio A 11-9; New Caledonia Service, 11-21; ,o Pago-Tokelau Mercy Flight, 11-105; Coral Route Loss. 11-115; Hold-up at Apia, Air Prance for NZ?, 11-157- Piii d i Hub ' 12 ' 121: Adastra’s Birth- -1**179 ’ Coral Route Landplanes?, 4 2 ’ 141 - 3-42, 3-154, 4-10, 4-18, 4-26, 7-15, 10-158.

ISLANDS •—Liquor Problem, 1-39; fffiuS erS 1 „ ISit I ' 43 ’ 3 -13; Crippled Chfidren, 1-49; Education. 1-67, 3-49; Corahte, 1-69; Fertiliser, 1-71; Oranges. 1- C °-°P S - 1-121; Suwarrow Abandoned, 1-145: Shipping Query, 2-38; ??nSr ieW 'o 2 i 59 ’ Malt Re P°rt, 2-95; Representation. 2-154, 3-47; LMS Criticised 2- 158, Womens Institute, 2-155; Radio Rarotonga, 2-159, 3-157; Legislative Council, 3- 33; TB Sanatorium, 3-67; Land Court, 3- Tomatoes, 3-132; Mangaian Experiment, 4-51, 5-54, 9-89, 10-146; Bananas, 4- Minister’s Report, 4-58; Newspaper, 4-163, 7-33; Co-op. Officer, 5-10; Makatea Workers, 5-43; Handicrafts, 5-53; Centenarian, 5-63; Air Mapping, 6-48; Copra, 6-74; Frigate Bird Post, 6-111; Mormon Tour, 6-123; Nassau Workers, 6-133; Pearling, 6-149; Current Notes, 6-153; Near-Miss Hurricane, 7-29; Economic Survey, 8-26; NZ Interest, 9-88; Income Tax, 9-111; Exclusive Mangaia, 9-112; Shipping, 9-132, 11-124; Field Day, 10-29; Export Priorities, 10-30; Appointments, 10- 61; Cycle Race, 10-75; New Freezer, 10- 86; Secondary School, 10-97; Mail Delays, 11-69; Avarua Harbour, 11-147.

COPRA (Including edible oils, etc.).— 1-18, 1-134, 3-39, 3-119, 3-49, 3-163, 4-26, 4-29, 4-99, 6-74, 7-15, 8-24, 8-39, 8-133, 8-136, 9-14, 11-149, 12-159.

DEATHS.—Mrs. Janie Brown, 1-62; Capt.

H. V. Hudson, 1-113; J. D. Browne, 1-139; J. Trother, 1-139; B. L. Taylor, 1-139; Mrs. V. M. James, 1-139; T. Sanerive, 1- 141; Mrs. Viotti Miller, 1-141; J C. M.

Scott, 1-141; Rev. H. P. Schlencker, 1- 142; Mrs. Alma Smith, 1-142; Mrs. Katie Young, 1-142; Wiliame Devo, 1-142; R.

Jeffers, 1-143; G. W. Gelling, 1-143; Bro.

Clemens, 1-143; Lord Michael Fitzroy, 1- 143; E. Gallett, 1-143; Roger Smith, 1- A. E. Baker, 1-144; T. L.

Sefton, 1-151; C. Beckett, 2-130; Bishop Vesters, 2-130; Capt. E. Kettle, 2- 131; Mme. L. Bouyer, 2-132; F. Grand, 2- Capt. D. C. Macdonald, 2-132; Mrs.

J. Tariau and Teariki Tiki, 2-132; Bro. T. de Villeneuve and Bro. Enogat, 2-132; J.

G. Davis, 2-133; Rev. A. Rowley, 2-133; F.

Wallin, 2-133; Dr. Edwin Hunt, 3-139; L, Varney, 3-139; W. A. MacGregor, 3- 139; M. Lynch, 3-139; J. W. Caldwell, 3- 139; Mrs. G. Stephens. 3-139; Mme.

Augustine Malinowsky, 3-140; Va Turua, 3- T. M. Bryce, 3-140; Mrs. Shri Raman, 3-140; E. S. Weaver, 3-140, 4-149; Canon R. Cook, 3-140; Mrs. M. Levien, 3- 140; S. Mervin, 4-149; P. Poznanski, 4-149; Mrs. J. Snow, 4-149; J. J. Real. 4-149; G.

Robertson, 4-149; Father T. Estibal, 4- 150; J. Clarkson, 4-150; Mrs. B Helsen, 4- W. Riley, 4-150; G. T. Robins, 5- 137; R. Sevann, 5-137; M. Corrie, 5-137; Hon. Akau’ola, 5-137; Mrs. W. J. Ragg, 5- Mrs. S. Sahu Kahn, 5-137; Mrs. J F. Cox, 5-137; E. Eaves, 5-137; S. Powell,’ 5- Mme. M. le Strat, 5-137; W. L.

Davidson, 5-137; A. Leboucher, 6-143; Sister B. Wilkins, 6-143; J. Simon, 6-143: R. Dixon, 6-143; Miss S. V. Gloster, 6-143; W, H. Ramsay, 6-143; P. W. Glover, 6- 143; M. Carrick, 6-143; E. J. Bradnam, 6- G. Batty, 6-145; S. Powell, 6-145; Pastor Maruata, 6-145; Bro. Pamphilius, 6-145; L. Thomas, 6-145; Mrs. E. Maclean, 6- T. C. Phillips, 6-145; Mrs. M. E.

Goss, 6-145: Vilai Tupdu, 6-145; Bro.

Malachy, 7-146; A. Gobrait, 7-146; Mrs. L.

Hazard. 7-146; Capt. Bell, 7-146; W. Gray, 7- W. Newton, 7-146; G. Guinery, 7- 146; Lt.-Col. J. Mason, 7-146; R. J. Nosworthy, 7-146; Sgt. L Colombani, 8-93; W. Spowart, 8-144; S. A. Bull, 8-144; J.

O. Christmas, 8-144; Mrs. W. G. Ferris, 8- T. Harris, 8-144; C. Procter, 8-144; T. Huiotu, 8-145; I. Freiboth, 8-145; Major T. Southey, 8-145; J. M. P. Pretlon, 8- 145; Pastor Pouesi, 8-145: Mrs. W. Hazzard, 8-145; A. J. Fastway; 8-145; Mrs. Siua Moa, 8-145; G. Bird, 8-145; C. A. Anunsen, 8-145; Lieut. M. R. D. Vula, 9-79; J. A.

Carpenter, 9-153; Mother Mary Agnes, 9- .153; Mrs. W. G. Bovell, 9-153; Capt. L. jLefevre, 9-153; Capt. P. T. Giblin, 9-155; > N. W. Towson, 10-133; Dr. D. W. Hoodless, 10-133; G. C. Barratt, 10-133; G. M.

Hennings, 10-133; Mrs. H. E. Waddingham, 10-133; A. W. Broodbank, 10-134; J. Barber] 10- A. S. de Montalk, 10-134; H.

Stuchbery, 10-134; Mautairi Pe, 10-135; N.

Zorab, 10-135; J. Douglas, 10-135; Rev.

Frs. J. Chesneau and J. Oger, 10-135; S Hollander, 11-159; Mrs. C. J. Beddros, 11- 159; J. T. Pinner, 11-159; M. Nicholls, 11- 159; Sister M. Borgia, 11-159; Rev. H. A.

Favell, 11-159; Miss C. H. Wedgwood, 11- 159; C. Proctor, 11-159; Mrs. I. Rennie, 11- E. L. Baker, 11-160; D. Lightbody, 12- Bishop Dieter. 12-172; Mme. Louise Goupil, 12-172; C. O’Connor, 12-172; Mrs.

K. Chalmers, 12-172.

EASTER IS.—7-106, 8-95.

FIJI. Population Question, 1-15; Teachers’ Salaries, 1-16; Leave Passages, 1-18; Broadcasting Commission, 1-19; Automatic Telephones, 1-31; School in Malaya, 1-41; Public Works, 1-55; Queen Competition, 1-57, 3-12; Central Medical School, 1-59; Green Coconut Ban, 1-77; Navua Timber Mill, 1-87; Rugby Tour, 1- 117, 3-37; Starlings, 1-137; Export Taxes, 1-159; Drover on Reef, 2-16; Gifts for Soldiers, 2-28; Empire Games, 2-30; Anti- TB Campaign, 2-37, 6-155, 8-95; Manganese, 2-30, 5-31, 7-19; Viwa Chapel, 2-39; Fijian Development Fund, 2-42, 4-39, 9-128; Hooliganism, 2-51; Sgt. L. Sailada, MM, 2- 127; Maori Rugby Team, 2-149; Chinese Priests, 2-149; Labasa Water, 2-157; Centenary Church, 3-16; Paye, 3-38, 5-11, 7-75; Suva’s Mayor, 3-46, 4-18, 5-53; 3rd Party Insce., 3-54; Hotels, 3-58, 5-19, 5-47, 6-19, 6-141, 7-16, 8-19, 8-38, 9-141, 10-19; Freak Storms, 3-59; Aerial Survey, 3-135; Indian Policeman’s Award, 3-134; Agriculture Scholarships, 3-140; Soldiers’

Awards, 3-142; Bayly Clinic, 4-12, 9-17; Indian Commissioner, 3-155, 5-15, 6-16; Girls’ Hostel, 4-40; Levuka Anglican Church, 4-122; Cakobau Clubs Back, 4-123; Button Industry, 4-145, 9-31; Credit Unions, 4-155, 8-114; Moturiki Project, 4- 161; Lautoka Mayor, 5-10; Fijians in Malaya, 5-10, 9-82, 10-14, 11-16, 11-35, 11-38, 12-68; Budget, 5-13; Automobile Assn., 5-46; Boxing, 5-117; Radio Licences, 5-123; Suva Post Office, 5-141, 6-19, 9-41; “Grass Huts”, 5-143; Bananas, 5-149, 6-155; Airmail Delays, 5-154; Battalion Casualties, 5- Tropical Cattle, 5-159; Taxation on Parents, 6-9; New Year Honours, 6-14; Hurricane Threat, 6-15, 7-53; Sydney-Suva Planes, 6-15; Indian Labour, 6-17; First Legco. Speaker, 6-25; Rice, 4-99, 6-25, 8- 125; Guava, 6-28; Legco. Session, 6-33; Railevu Survey, 6-50; Fish, 6-58; Australian Scholarship, 6-59; Ginger, 6-63; Fair Rents Bill, 6-107; Suva Rates, 6-111; Junior C. of C., 6-111; CMS Graduates, 6- Medical Training, 6-134; Death Duties, 6-134; Photographer’s Success, 6- 153; Lautoka Notes, 6-153; Agricultural Education, 6-157; Rhino Beetle Reports, 6- 157, 10-19; Governor on Leave, 7-14; Credit i Unions, 7-63, 11-93; Scholarship Winners, j 7- Broadcasting, 7-73; Suva Rain, 7- ; 94; Hurricane Warning System, 7-110; Governor’s Yacht, 7-110; Private Enterprise, 7-127, 8-25; Taveuni Airstrip, 7-129; Technical Education, 7-146; Orderly’s BEM, 7- Housing Needs, 7-149; District i Govt.. 7-154; Weather Worry, 8-21; Tourism, 8-32; Trade Restrictions, 8-37; Nadi Mocambo, 8-38; Vivekananda School, 8- 46: SDA Conference, 8-61; Fijian Economy, 8- Suva Cable Poles, 8-90; Fruit Juices, 8- FRNVR, 8-107; Losses in Malaya, 8- 121: Anglers, 8-147; Part-Europeans, 8-149; Local Airways, 8-153; Viti Levu Floods, 9- Film Units, 9-25, 10-59; Itinerant; Barbers, 10-50; Leper Scouts, 9-25; Solomons Veterans, 9-25; Cannery Fails, 9-33; P-NG Medical Students, 9-37; Wharf; Thefts, 9-42; Suva’s Status, 9-50; Eatinghouses, 9-77; Lieut. M. R. D. Vula, 9-79; 190 JULY, 1955 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

,ma Mine. 9-92; Modern Dress, 9-101; an Headquarters. 9-105; Youth Probs 9-109: Planters’ Problems, 9-121, an Houses, 9-133; Overcrowding, 9-132; adcasting, 9-135; Adi Cakobau School,9- Women’s Paper, 9-140; Honours, 9-141; fgc, 9-143; Cigarette Factory, 9-144, 23 Civil Servants’ Leave, 10-24; Trade ance 10-25: Indian Education, 10-51: r Education Report. 10-57; New Nurses’ 00l 10-63; Police Inquiry, 10-73; Wages Houses, 10-95; Soldiers’ Rehabilitation, L l 9 • Duva - fishing, 10-121; Suva arves, 10-126; Leprosy Hospital, 10-132; men’s Centre. 10-137; Wharf Labour, ;42: Legco. Secretary, 10-157; Women’s :key Team, 10-157; Fijians Wasted in aya. 11-16; Boom in Imports, 11-33, 12- Tributes to Fijian Troops, 11-35; •oic Action. 11-38: CMS Principal, 11- •White Collars”. 11-55; Soil Survey, }6; Indian Official, 11-69; Automobile n . 11-94: Indian Repatriates, 11-106; jorted Bulls, 11-69; Britain’s Aid, 11- ; Suva Taxis, 11-102; Soil Rehabilitai, 11-103; Fijian Banana Plantations, 119: Yaws Campaign, 11-121; High rket Prices. 11-129; Hospital Charges, L3l; Morris Hedstrom Review, 12-159; ways’ Future. 12-121; Teams Overs 12-177; Japs Disliked, 12-185; Goldicrs Strike, 12-66; 1955 Birthday lours, 12-67; Nurses’ Seminar, 12-87; •dinal Gilroy’s Visit, 12-89; Army ards. 12-91. [EALTH.—Filaria Research, 1-35, 1-58; »rosy, 1-58, 4-149. 4-151, 10-132; Hookrm, 6-57; Malaria, 6-126, 10-87; Yaws Fiji, 11-121.

Larshall. Mariana And Caroline

-1-133, 2-55, 5-53, 5-62, 5-63, 5-96. 5- (AURU.—B-67, 11-97. [EW CALEDONIA.—New Governor, 1-19; •eign Labour, 2-16, 4-157; Chrome Initry, 1-19, 7-34; Mms. Ollier, 3-157; n Ore. 4-117. 6-122, 10-131; General tgress, 4-148; Nickel. 5-71, 9-35, 10-141. 143, 11-122; Tourist Cruise, 6-125; Oil irch, 2-19. 7-14. 10-30, 11-99; Strange Lmals, 7-19; Hydro Project. 7-31, 11-98: tive Jurymen. 7-47; New Airline, 7-125; ■ing Saucers?, 7-126; Hurricane Sequel, 35; Walpole Guano, 7-149, 10-131; ildren at Sydney, 8-23; Trade Balance, 5; Tuna Scheme, 8-111; Liquor Problem, 1; French Culture, 9-97; 1942 Recalled, 9: Iron Ore, 9-103: NZ Cemetery, 9-124, 126: Chrome, 9-127; Hurricane, 9-152; ;kel Strike, 10-25; Asiatic Miners, 10- Athletics, 16-65; Scooters, 10-82; Metal irkets, 10-95; Cobalt Move, 10-98; niggling, 10-151; Tonkinese Exodus, 10- !; Jap Property, 11-37; Dam Finance, 98. 11-127; NC and SEATO, 11-119; :kel-based Boom. 11-122; Repatriation •130; Nickel Control, 12-128; New aator, 12-165. <EW HEBRlDES.—Tonkinese Question, .50; Labour Problem, 4-157; Quake, 6- ’; Condominium Review, 7-95; Hurricane, 15; Italian Copra-cutters, 8-65; New RC shop, 8-125; Australia’s Part, 9-29. 11- ; Jap Fishermen, 9-159, 10-67, 10-155, -15, 11-70; Australian Govt. Land, 11- L; Lost Warplane Found, 12-116.

N’ORFOLK ISLAND.—I-18, 2-156, 4-160, >, 5-161, 6-17, 7-18, 7-157, 8-21, 8-147, 26. 9-148.

PACIFIC (GENERAL). —Over-population, 59. 4-11; O’Keefe Story, 1-62; First Aid aining, 1-66; Indonesian Exiles, 1-149; mdon Study Group (Conservatives), 1- 3; Dutch-Indonesian Union Ends, 2-20; igration to NZ, 2-49; Gilberts Review, 65: Pacific Is. Socy.. 3-118, 4-135, 7-153, 111, 10-155, 11-162, 12-177: NZ Fruit Hurts, 3-144; Willis Raft, 4-16; Atomic Age. 48; Poultry in Tropics, 4-84, 6-84; British id French Systems, 4-153; Sydney Poly- ;sian Socy., 4-161. 9-162; Plastic Boats, 69: Stamps, 5-73: lonispheric Research, 69: Oil and Gold. 6-135; Export Prices. ■2l: Nelson & Robertson Pty., Ltd.,7-24, 34; Shell Money. 7-54; Norse Oriental Line, 7-65; Hurricane “Fixers”, 7-70, 10- 51- Drift Voyages, 7-74; Melanesian Education, 7-154; New Trading Co. (Sydney), 8-15; Australian-NZ Discrimination 8-16; Volcano Fault Line, 8-19; Kauri Query, 8-40; Cockroaches, 8-55; Colombo Plan. 8-89; Maori Ocean Claim. 8-118; Britain’s Role, 8-137; Anzacs for Malaya 9-14; Mormons Active, 9-120; Chinese Penetration, 9-156; French Warned, 9-157; BP’s Share Issue, 10-16; BP (SSt Profit, 10-158; Research Requests, 10-157’ BP Review, 11-23; Polynesian Navigators 11-109 Cockroach Trap, 11- 113- No Statehood for Hawaii, 11-49; Dead Elephants, 11-66; Carpenter Cos., 12-119; Burns Philp Review, 12-161; NZ and Aust.

Ministers on Tour. 12-175; Empire Sugar 12-176; Nurses’ Seminar, 12-87; Cardinal Gilroy’s Tour, 12-89.

PAPUA-NEW GUINEA.—Kenaf Fibre, 1- 21 6-65; Leg. Co. Election, 1-16, 3-12; Crown Land Leases, 1-17; “Shangri-La”. 1-17, 3-155. 4-24; New Asst. Administrator, 1- Papuan Insce. Co., 1-19; Rabaul Water, 1-24; 3-137; Telefomin Murder, 1- 32 2-29 3-16; McDonald Memorial (Geelong). 1-61; Crayfish, 1-63; ALP Views, 1- 155- Regulations Cost, 1-138; Five-Day Week, 1-145, 3-10; Livestock Imports, 1- 151- NG Women’s Club, 1-156, 3-25; Saigon Rice, 2-15. 10-21. 11-19; Rubber. 2-17, 3- 17 5-59; Waria Synd., 2-23, 8-15, 10-49; Hotels 2-32; Political Attack, 2-33; P-NG Act Amended, 2-43; Manus Costs, 2-115; Lae Hospital, 2-118: Pay for Learning, 2- 126’ Sepik Oil Search, 2-135; Planters Problems. 2-138; Fatal Injections, 2-142. 3-158; Highlands Food, 2-147; Rabaul Memorial, 2-151. 3-25, 7-39; War Salvage, 2- Mekeo Ricegrowers, 2-157: Papuan Opportunities, 2-156; Increased Freights. 3- Police Comm. Suspended, 3-11, 4- 42; Official Appts., 3-25; Lae Timber, 3- 35; Bougainville X-Ray, 3-39; Meat, 3-55; Planters Meet, 3-61; Elec. Power, 3-62; Afforestation, 3-63, 4-62; Galip Nuts, 3-98; Sea Scouts, 3-98; Highlands Post, 3-103; Canberra Policies, 3-131: Rabaul’s Trees. 3-136; New Doctors, 3-136; NG in 1896, 3- 148* Land Settlement, 3-152, 4-5. 4-10, 4- 21. 5-154, 6-19, 8-57, 10-23; Morobe Rice, 3-153; Trading Costs, 3-161: Oil Search. 3- 5-23, 5-115, 10-17. 10-143; War on Pests, 3-163; Record Budget, 4-11; Public Service Conditions, 4-13. 5-17, 10-15: Goldmining Aid, 4-27; Medical Cadetships, 4- War Widows, 4-39; Manus Base, 4- 55; Highlands Fish. 4-55; Natural History, 4-65; Education, 4-67. 6-134; Liquor Laws, 4-70. 9-23, 9-45; Jap Horseshoes, 4-71; Harris Case, 4-114; Scouting, 4-115; Passionfruit, 4-125: Madang Stores. 4-133; Lae Restoration. 4-137; Tea, 4-159; Rowley Review (1914-22). 5-5; Jap Poachers, 5- 12; Lae Airport, 5-113, 11-157; London Zoo Mission. 5-19; Goroka. 1-80, 2-82, 5-29, 8- 21; Crocodiles, 5-67; Gillespies, 5-91; Wau- Labu Accident, 5-144; Upper Markham Review, 5-157; Cutch Project, 5-157, 9-17; Rabaul Pharmacy, 5-157; Lae Motors, 5- 157; Pidgin, 6-20; Jap Mortuary Ship, 6- 21, 9-111; Rabaul Housing, 6-32; Exports, 6-36; ASOPA Training, 6-51; Bam Evacuated. 6-61; Medical Benefits, 6-63; Commonwealth-NG Timbers, 6-67; Coffee. 6- 67; Flying Missionaries, 6-71; Rabaul Chinese Ferment, 6-127; Loyalty Awards, 6- Butterflies, 6-146, 11-17; Markham Spanned, 6-147; Australian Boats, 6-149; Rabaul Prices, 6-150: Markham Cocoa, 7- 15; Lae “Boy-House” Incident, 7-16; Cost of Living and Public Service. 7-17; Air Services, 7-21. 7-151; Highlands Gold, 7- 23; Aiding Settlers, 7-30; Cattle Imports, 7- Goldfields, Ltd.. Dividend, 7-57; Rabaul Buses, 7-119; Rabaul Crime Wave, 7-123; Lae-Hagen by Car, 7-129; Highlands Farmers, 7-139; Private Shipping Criticised, 7-141; Scholarships, 7-145, 8-23; Medical Students, 7-147; Morobe Bridge, 7-150; Warangoi Land, 7-153; Three-Year Plan, 7-155: Samarai Harbourmaster, 7- 156; Lae Jap Wreath Incident, 8-17; Omati Bore. 8-18; Japs in Jungle, 8-18, 9- 30; Goroka Food. 8-21; Copra Review, 8- 24- Cattle Industry, 8-35: Coconut Planting, 8-39: Rabaul’s Sherlock Holmes. 8-45, Rabaul Grievances, 8-117; Mining Review, 8- RSL Congress, 8-129; RC Report on Highlands, 8-132; Moresby Council. 8- 139; Administrator’s Status, 9-15; Bank of NSW Expansion, 9-16; Aird Hills Cutch Factory, 9-17; Rice Imports, 9-27, 11-19; Coconut Fibre, 9-30; Few Servants, 9-34; Medical Students, 9-37; Electors Chided 9- Goldfields Shares, 9-63; Airfreighted Food, 9-91: Japs in Jungle, 9-30, 9-103, Brisbane Meetings, 9-107; Leprosy Fight, 9-123; Broadcasts, 9-135; Tribes Discovered, 9-137; Development Urged, 9-145; Australia’s Interests, 9-155; Wages Claims Arbitration, 10-15; Toyer C-Gull Case, 10- 16; Australian Rice, 10-21; Chinese and Land, 10-23; Ward Elections, 10-31; Facts for Europeans. 10-50; Communal Progress (Rabaul), 10-66; Anti-Malaria in Dutch NG 10-87; Loloki Station 10-115; Cattle for Rations, 10-155; Timber Exports, 11-17; Rice Rations, 11-17; Public Servant Critic 11-21; Netherlands Plans, 11-24; Trout Experiment, 11-91; Historic Dam Papers, 11- Wooden Legs. 11-125; Blood Samples, 11-125; Wewak-Maprik Road, 11- 141; Apprentices, 11-156; Rabaul Red Tape. 12- Oil Search Issue, 12-66; Five Killed by Patrol. 12-67; Leg. Co. Session. 12-79, 12-95.

PERSONALITIES. —Gen. Cariappa. 1-28, 3-77; Mrs. T Gilliard, 1-41; Richard Gilson, 1-50; Capt. Frewen. 1-78; J. Blakelock, 1-89: E. Allen Peterson. 1-114; Corporal Kumuna, 1-137; C. H. Maclean, 1-144; J. K. McCarthy, 2-115; Two Richard E. Vernons. 2-143; Von Luckner, 3-84; J.

W. Sykes, 3-147; J. Levula, 3-151: E. V.

Crisp, 4-24; Rev. Aesaki Vula, 4-59: Eric Wiene, 4-163; Otto Keller, 5-51, 5-131, 9- 62; J. Pentland, 5-55: Mrs. R. D. P.

Ngatikao. 5-63; Bishop Hill. 5-78; Revelei, 5- Miss Agnes Corrie. 6-62; O. Reboul, 6- J. Peterson, 6-154; K. R. Lambie. 7- Mrs. Arieta Mulitauaopele, 7-89; Capt. L. C. Boulton, 7-111; Louise Michel. 8- Bully Hayes. 8-27; R. Parer. 8-27; Falefatu Utu, 8-39; P. de Treend, 8-83; Sir R. Stanley. 9-11; T. Grahamslaw. 9- 63; Mrs. J. K. Murray, 9-152; John Outch, WPHC, 10-15; R. Pearless, 10-30; Rupert Brooke, 10-79: Mrs. Mary Houng Lee, 10- 89; Moira MacDonald. 10-118; von Luckner. 10-142; Paul Gauguin, 10-151; Rev. F. G.

Lewis, 11-27; Capt W. Whitefleld, 11-86; D. W. Montenegro (US South Pacific Consul), 11-55.

PEARLING AND FISHING-1-45. 1-53. 1- 2-150. 2-153, 3-50, 3-57, 3-99. 4-41. 4-55, 4-74, 5-120, 6-58, 6-122, 6-149. 6-157, 7-63, 7-130, 8-47, 8-111, 9-159. 11-70, 11- 146, 11-153.

PIDGIN ENGLISH.—I-14, 1-95, 3-10, 6- 20. 8-18, 8-41, 10-145.

PITCAIRN.—3-47, 5-55, 6-55, 7-134, 7- 157, 8-60.

QUARTER-CENTURY ISSUE—Why the PIM Was Established, 12-4; PIM Has Had Four Faces, 12-5; PIM Advertisers, 12-6; Colour Photo Competition, 12-9; The Queen’s Visit. 12-11; War Came to the Pacific, 12-12; Over the Divide and Into the Highlands, 12-17; Royal Tonga, 12-25; Diminishing Distance in the Air-Minded Pacific. 12-26: 25 Years in Pacific Industries, 12-35; The Changing Islanders, 12-42.

RHINOCEROS BEETLE—I-16, 2-46, 3- 45, 4-63, 5-97, 6-62, 6-157, 8-17, 10-19, 11-67.

SAMOA, EASTERN.—Tuna Experiment, 2- Jap Fleet. 3-99. 8-138, 11-145; Wage Rates, 3-157; Tourists and Tuna, 5-17; United Samoa, 6-16, 10-87; Economic Survey. 6-54; SPC Specialist, 6-118; Pagopago Cannery, 6-141, 10-155; Senate President, 7-16; Samoan History, 7-51; Assault Case, 7-71; Killer Shark, 7-142; Political Leaders, 8-16; Willis’ Raft Preserved, 8-23; Copra, 8-24; Officials’ Terms, 8-74; Governor Sued, 10-21; Marines Fly Home, 191 ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY. 1955

10- Inter - Samoan Sports, 10-147- Tafuna Airport, 10-157; New Attorney- Generai, 11-42; Mercy Flight to Tokelaus, 11- Manus Dock, 11-139.

SAMOA, WESTERN. _ Bananas, 1-39' Liquor Laws, 1-39; Dollar Restrictions 1- 33; Apia Power, 2-21; MLA Charged, 2-144- New Assembly, 2-146; Constitutional Convention, 3-11, 5-11, 6-23, 7-133, 12-164- Taxation 3-13, 10-16, 11-17; Tariff, 3-51 •’

Forests, 3-55; Entry to NZ, 3-161 4-161- Housebuilding, 4-57; Boxers, 4-lls’ 8-115’ 9- 14 3; Stevenson Link, 5-123; ’united f a ,T° a 'o 6 ;. 16 ’ 9 ‘ 147 ' 10 ‘ 87 ; Minister’s Visit, 7-19, 8-33; Casino Hotel Loss 7-73- Shipping Delay, 7-90; Apia Wharf Jam, 7- 156; Rare Stamps, 8-71; Education, 8-136- Status Question. 9-16; Pay of Faipule 9- 77; Many Surveys, 9-95; MLA’s for NZ 10- Population Question, 10-20 12-115- Tokelau Officer. 10-30; Mrs. Stevenson’s Diary, 10-53; Manslaughter Case, 10-71 • Harbour Investigation. 10-71; Budget r. IM V°- 153 ' il-123; Exports cut 10*?53- ° d ; 10-153 ’’ Custom S List. 10-153, MLA as Wharf ie, 11-41- Road Accidents. 11-97: Flood of Imports 11-98 Plans °l2 82 P pwn t ll-11 .* Bi « Wedding l2-82, PWD Inquiry Urged, 12-180. , .f™*® A * D , -SHIPPING. —Arthur Rogers. , 3 115, 5-113, 10-113, 11-89; Messageries Mantimes Line. 1-51; Saragossa 1-99 2 10-i"Tns 1 F°l- 4 - 103: Adi Keva ' l-l“: t\itt^ 7 ’ - 3-115, Fukuryo Maru, 1-102 3-115- MIC (Canton), 1-103; Papeete Yard 1-105- Wotan. 1-105; Lehi. 1-105, 2-109 10-109 : 1-107 2 1 ' 106: deques del Mar! 1-107; Yankee - i-io7.

Elizabeth, l-i()9, 4 S -m’. tJg' £% Ea a dy O sTi o rlW,' l l^ l ill 1 ’ 9 2°-in a ® n 3 fe> ij ll , l ' V-n7 I'ni X 0 * Maul Pomare 2-38 8-T aw Salvage 2-7Q* q* 137, Canton Bonneaud. 2-97- Tina °n aS 2 a? 97 ’™ Albert Robinson. 2-97 6-9 it ’». 2 £ Florence 10-iO6. 10: 107 li-74 12 137 105 t B ' l .° 7 ' 9 ‘ 69 ' Lachl 2-!06, 8-?oi. Se" 9-66; ’ till'- V ll ' Nukulau > 2-109.’

Bounty 2-ln i u K ? rUI 2 - 113 ’ 3 - 117 : Quatre Vents. 2-113 ’ 4 113’ j 0 ' 111 ! Les Caprice 2in J • 4 ‘ ll3 ' Ja y> 2-113; 6-105 1191’ Ho 4 " Hn r ’ t"t 113 ’ 3-115 ’ 4 ’ 113 - NH Communicates °3 s ’ioV 6 ’a 5 ' 109 ’ 6-99; Southern Cross vif% Anne - 3-105; Olant, 3-mr S Ko"a,a 3 ‘ 1 3 l) - 7 io9 0 ‘8 0 ?65 Ge s eral marau, 3-109 »mt n 6-105, Kun- S»-1 C l°.V Maiu 137 i-n S 0 P 3-115, 51 6-io5 10 8 ; 110^ 0 p“' Solace"

Serva la Bari 3 ,U?-„ p ™avera, 3-115; lan 11, 3-m *•*«•. 3-H7: Land- Waimana, 3-117 4-103 B ’ lo9 - H-91; Stortebecker in 3 S 7. 5^ 3 ’ 7- , 113 - U-89; 7-117, li-9i ; PN G i!L Moonraker, 3-117, tralian Strike 4 17- V? + Sale - 3-145; Aus- Bulolo’s Cnn 17 ' Matson Plans, 4-21- 101. Carne«e f,T.',V 50: Jul| a Cobb, 101; AwaSa, 1° 62 a ZZ‘ BUem!,a - 4 - Moala 4 in-?- Suhmoni, 4-102- Alexa 2-105 -4-l B 0 H “'. 4 - 1 - 7-10?: 105, Dutch NO Luggers. 4- VaL e t“e te - 4 toT'a Tama rli ' Etae™*^?

Maria'’

Srw„ 4 Tio, u -£™ t fT. a oB. 4 ui?ToL vi ßoh 4 u llo 4ur l rrn e sr rc 4 r :„t: 5^ U lOO- Tf h M f' lo^: Papeete Fish Ferry! 5-101’ fi Q 7 Ula ’ 5-100: Cable Ships 5-101. 6-97; Viti, 5-101, 6-103 9-69- Kasim a Mam, 5-101; Australinda,’ 5-103 : Viti 11, 5-103, 8-103; Bauro, 5-103- Tasman 104’ 6 3 'in 0 i 9 ’ J" 1 ? 1, 5 ‘ 104, 6-103: Miena, 5- 194’l 94 ’ 5" 1 ® 1 ’ Klwl > 5 -105; Aoba, 5-105; Flying 5 107 ’ 10 107 6 r' lo1 ’ k ll ' 79 ' 12 ‘ 136: Ruana I] n ’ 19-1 ’ L aurabada. 5-108; Rannah, 5- 6-98, 10-105; Viria, 5-109- Fleur Officials 5 5 n? 9: Le R K ita ’ 5 ' 111; Q if', Le Korri gan, 5-111, 7-114 9-75, Nola Sirgent, 5-112; Ladybird 5-112 : Solace, 5-112, 9-76; Manu Moana 5 -iu’

Renegade, 5-113; William & Julia 6-97- 6 U 97 eCe B 1 o; 61: t Re T d / r - 6 ‘ 97; Polurriai Grant' VSi * w 12 7 ,: Vun.’wS 6- 7-109. Weston, 6-102; Suva, 6-102- Concorde. 6-102; Madonna, 6-102; Inspire 6-103. 8-102, 10-103; Leper Vessels fi ini' Neu Hebridai. 11, 6-103 - Chance ’ Viol’

Laitamba, 6-105, 7-115, 12-143- Norse ?03 Cnt jin L wn ?‘ 65: Sonora de i Mar, 7- Watch 7 i BrS ’- 7 ‘ 103: Fiji Distress watch, 7-103. Pamir & Passat, 7-103 8t’ Fa f ter Is -Tuamotu Vovage 7-103-4 Sh L A ineS> - J' 106: Hifofua - 7-107 i riji Naval Appointment. 7-107; Atom Compensation. 7-107; Lighthouses, 7-107- ?i09 erS °Nei; ight W n 107; L&e &nd Labuanl'. 1 . 09 ’ . New Hul l Protection, 7-109- YaSt 7 t - 7 " • Fiji Governor’s In h R /I S Llno Blxl °- 7 - 110 -' Nikau. 7- 111 R/T Changes. 7-111, 12-131; Peekaye 7-111 Ch 8 61 i02 H0 ’iJr'V ll apt L ' C Boult °n. / m 8-102, Melanesia, 7-111; silver Tj 7 -' ll4 ’ Toahohana ' 7-114; Beyond, 7- Bissy Girl, 7-114; Coongoola, 7-114- S a T? ad _ n - 7 " 115 : New Silver Gull 7-ll5 : n y on: 7 ' ll5 ’ B ' l99 ’ n - 90: Ghost 7-m; 11-90, Vovager. 7-117; Pathfinder 7-117lf) rS I4?- vJ’ 8 ' 101: Destin Y 8-102, 10-109! 9-73 VoToQ na n a «n 8 M° 3: Philante H, 8-105. y /3. 10-109, 11-80; Noumea Slipway 8-105fnfi ng w»Ktt/d 106 : Homeric 'Mariposa 1 8- 9°7-i- FPNVR - 8 - 107; Santa Teretia, 8-107 9-73 • A r ies 8 - 109 -' Felicity Anne 8-109- Wind s Will, 8-109; Seven Seas II 8-109- Seven Seas Assn.. 8-109; Rarotongk Club! 8- Jaberoo, 8-110- Tuvalu « im- Wanderer Hi, 8-110. & E Ship Q at fi6 S ' t 12?; Ahi ’ 9-65; New T^ngari l 9 67 ’ nn° n f a ' 9 ' 66; Scot - 9 - 67 -' Van f uJI - 9-67 • Charles H. Gilbert, 9-67- Blue Lagoon Viti id, 9-70; Dektgan ’ 9 7o!

Si« en .. BBf ! r ' 9-71: Golden Cape. 9-71; P'qSa Vogel, 9-73; Absit Amen. 9-74- Pacific Queen. 9-75; Viniore, 9-75- USS 7 f 00 T 9 ' 75: Willaims, 9-75; cklypso, 9*76’ in ?: 7 „ 6 i Furydice, 9-76; Susan. mJ 6 ’ J 9 , - , 113 ’ 11-89: Matson Plans, 9-104- 7? h j”' h 10 J 9: Ja P “Mystery” Ships 3 ph , t ; MU n ay ’ 10 - 101: Navu a, 10- 192 - Charlotte Donald, 10-103; Daikoko Ro - 3 - 10 -105; Nareau. 10-106, 11-74folo7 6ta ii to 10 ?’ , Mansip - 10-107; A’oniu’, in’}??' St' 79 :, Lehl No - 2 - 10-109; Leda 10 : 111; Nordlys. 10-111; Aries, 10-111 • Princess Wvamia, 10-113; Adios 10-113 : Moana, 10-113,12-143; Seven Seas, 10-113,’ ’ n S nCo> 3-117 ’ 10-113 - 11-91, 12-144fo m. P ?' S' 113 ’’ Quest ’ 10-113, Solveig! p 9 ' ll3 ’ T Tnaster - 10-158; Australia-West Lme ’ G-9; Canton Salvage, 11-49- Ifhfn R°” a ’ n ' 73 ' 11-75 -- Macuata, 11-74, : ivr lan Fr ncess, 11-74; Aakase Maru, 11-75- Ma,nu Rairoa, 11-75; Awahou, 11-77- Ken ZT'v Esmera lda, 11-79; PolynSe U-S5 PI I. -80'0 ' 12 ' 14(l; Rl >“ona. , , P ?l meS ' n - 36; Walpahl. 11 go • SI ’ 11-87: Sydney-Suva Race, 69, Te Ata, 11-89; White Squall 11-89- Stormakmg 11-90; Atom, q n a -9’o.- la Paloma 11-90; Gemini, 11-91- Queen rhnS°S e ’ 11-91: Wakaya, 11-91, 12-144- Ghost mew vessel), 11-91; Hiro, 12-132 ; SSSL T lf&. I?' 13 *’ Le P ers ’ Boar< Barrett ’s Ships, 12 Drift 12 n 7 r a T y ’ 12 ' 137; 1955 Raf 12-137. Union Castle 12 no Rochmante, 12-139; Don Quiiote 12-lin An ao °nda 12-140; Madang iupway 141, Tenyo Maru. 12-141; Magi 12-141 12 H3 U ’ H« 2 ' 141: ■ D Rarotonga Sail ing Club £l«i ?ffita Ret I U - n ,43. I sS J S“, C 4 °3 e Plans, a i2-\ 2 6ofka?an„ U ah; Jim’

SOLOMON ISLANDS.—Scrap Metal 1 42 f-TS- A im W E °x r n 6 I' 6 *l ibli" posals 2%« 2 '2l; Bomb Disposals, 2-58, Crocodile Shooting 2-146- Mission Press, 2-147; Honiara Holpital 2 I Future ?ils° f ommerce - 3 -41; Honiara's ruture, 3-145, Income Tax, 4-12 6-29- 41l V l3; Unllever Cocoa: 26 18 ’T I rari« B Ql get ' 4-19; Copra Prices. 4- •4D, Trade Scheme, 4-45- Pntnrp =; lm k ' s ,s 67 k M ‘ SSlon P 1 1- 5-70; Bishop min’ 5 5-121 - Tenavatu Sawt‘ 125 ’ Ravelei - 5-141; Loans Board I, -15 ’ London Comment, 7-150; Ants 8-34- New Economic Policy, 8-49; Vella Lavella Mission. 8-54; Agriculture, 8-69- Jao B n i t 47 de rolri' l r? ; JaP War Graves ActtJ; q? fi o C H°7 ery ’ 9 - n ’ 10 - 17 -' Reds ObsSe 9 'ldbel Chl Case. C £gff d - £& HO*' 9 tb 31: • ArChblSh ° P S Vlslt 10 - 140 H. Markham s Ashes, 10-147- Biscuit Factory. 10-157: Red Shell Money, 11-18- U 93 , PlanS ,' n ' 24: clvl > Servants! korn 3 ’ C. Ca D E Changes. 11-95; Vanikoro Timber Pioneers, 11-60- Honiar- Cinema. 11-122; Vanikoro Dispute 1115 Guadalcanal Quakes, 11-156. j

Pacific Commission —L-24 I

17 2-31, 3-15, 4-20, 5-19, 9-10 4-119 t I 9 - 43 ' TAHlTl—Damages Claim, 1-16 2-17- 2 IT- 1-12 ° : New Governor, 2-11. 3- Roads and Waterworks, 2-144; Police A hlBf ’vci 3 ' 2S; Tourist Bureau, 3-132- 5-51- Assembly Upset. 3-135; 40-Hour Week, 3- 137, Copra Standard, 3-149; Visiting Permits, 4-53; Mail Grievances, 4-152 Chinese Tax-evaders, 4-154; Air Service’. 4- Liquor Supplies, 4-158; Tuamotu 6 r io9 SU " e ’77 s 'T 2; A S- Cient Marae Restored, 6-109, ,-77; Land Tax, 6-154, 7-69; Boxers in Samoa, 7-33; New Officials, 7-74- Sgt n 8-93; No Bulk F uel. 8- ; 148 ’ Ph p s Phate Question, 9-51; First ?9i rCh T»n n P °i y t n f, Sia ’ 9 ' 59; Mills Close, 9-91, Tupai Atoll, 9-93; Bastille Dav TrTriJ’ cj l ! o ' 21 ’ Guan S uin Picture, 10-151; ‘ 12 160 P ’ 58: Tahitians in Nc!

TONGA.— Australian Team, l-n 9> 2 -71, - i Auckland Hostel, 2-29; New Hotel, 2-159, Kitione Lave, 3-59, 6-151, 7-74 9. 143, 10-152; Tugi’s Journey, 4-19 8-14- 4 ' 45; Royal Visit B ° ok - 4 e Palace. 5-136; Boxers, 3-59 4-115 Tvip’nhn 51 ' 8 ; 11 1 5, 9 ' 143 ’ 10 ‘ 152: Nukualofa Telephones 5-153; Plane Fares, 7-15- Newstetter, 7-67, Communal System, 8-86; f n,2°i! erS ' 8 ' 94: Political Reform, ?n 6T Stamps, 9-85; Lost Memorial. 10-63, Salaries Rise, 10-150; Dollar Hunt (Coprai, 11 -33, 11-54; Vavau Hospital, 11- 43. Tonga 90 Years Ago, 11-99; Vavau 53 Tw iir h 7: Nukualofa Post Office, 11- j Hifofua, “ U -l d s'" 5 ' 12 ' 123: Chl,d Lost fr °"> , WPHC (ot her than f**} p )—GHbertese In BSIP, 3-147, 9-108; Vaitupuans at Kioa (Fiji), 4-119; Ellice Questions, 5-116; Gardner Island 6-123 - ■ ai l d B - Education, 8-73; G. and E. Ship I Certific ate s, 8-127; Murdoch Dynasty 8- S7 B: r^ W , Bu " etln ' 9 - 87 ’ Newsletter! J. 97, Gilbertese for Gizo, 9-108, 12-87- New S* gh Commissioner, 10-15; Ocean island 1 i P o h< ?o? hate ’ 11-93; GEIC System Criticised, Published by PACIFIC PUBLICATIONS ptv r-rr.

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OVER FORTY YEARS OF PACIFIC ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICE

Buyers And Exporters Of All Kinds

OF ISLAND PRODUCE, COPRA, COCOA, M.O.P. SHELL, TEOCAS SHELL, ETC.

Agents For Australian, European

AND AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS.

Distributors Of Every Description

OF MERCHANDISE.

Through our Sydney office, branches and agents, we distribute a wide and comprehensive range of general merchandise.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Head Office: 16 OXONNELL STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Cable Address: Telephone: Postal Addr s: “CAMOHE.” 8W4421. G.P.0.. Box 168. ydney.

In London: W. R. Carpenter firXo. London) Ltd., 13 Rood Lane, London, E.C.3 ASSOCIATED COMPANIES THROUGHOUT THE PACIFIC: IN NEW GUINEA: IN PAPUA: New Guinea Company Limited, Island Products Ltd., W. R. Carpente Rabaul, Lae, Madang, Kavieng, Port Moresby. L^d PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY JULY,