Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. VII, No. 8 ( Mar. 23, 1937)
1937-03-23 · uncorrected OCR from NLA scans

PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly Vol. Vi I. No. 8 MVrc h 23, 19 3 7 th f G P '°" Sydney ’ /or transmission by post as a newspaper.! 8d Head-dress of Native of Dutch New Guinea. (See description of Dutch New Guinea in Article in this Issue.) —Photo by W. H. Potts.

Direct Shipping Service

Between The

Pacific Territories And Europe

In addition to operating General Stores, Trading Stations, Plantations, Inter-Islands Shipping Services, Aerial Transport Services, Etc., in the Pacific Territories, W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd. have established a Direct Shipping Service between New Guinea, Solomons, Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, and European Ports.

C AL . LS . are made as required at the Main Ports of Fiji, G. and E. Colony, Solomons and New Guinea.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these vessels at special rates; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates, Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

THE W. R. C. LINE Two Twin-Screw Motor-Vessels are now carrying on a Ten-Weekly Service on a Regular Schedule, namely:— M. V. RABAUL - - - 5613 Tons M. V. SALAMAUA - 6754 Tons K 1 mm The new 16-passenger British Avro Aeroplane which recently entered the New Guinea services of Mandated Airlines Ltd.

Mandated Airlines

LTD.

Mandated Airlines

JL LTD. (established in New Guinea in 1934 as Carpenter Airways) now employ a fleet of Modern Aeroplanes (British - built, engined and manned) and carry a Large Proportion of the Freight and Passengers between the port of Salamaua and the New Guinea goldfields centres.

W. R CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise : : Complete Range of all Stocks Carried Head Office: 19-21 O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain), KAVIENG (New Ireland), MADANG (New Guinea), SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea), TULAGI (Solomon islands), SUVA (Fiji), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON.

Buyers and Shippers of: Copra, Trocas, and all Classes of Islands Produce Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

COPIES of Pacific Islands Year Book. 1935-36, can be obtained from Messrs. Sifton, Praed and Co. Ltd., 67 St. James Street, London. The edition is almost sold out.

MONTHLY PASSENGER & CARGO SERVICE, Connecting South Pacific Islands, New Zealand, Australia and the East .

The new monthly schedules for the K.P.M. - South Pacific Line will be maintained by the splendid new motor vessel Maetsuycker and the wellknown steamer Van Rees offering passengers exceptional comfort and excellent cuisine at most economical fares.

Operating over 130 vessels the K.P.M. Line accepts cargo for all ports in the East and with transhipment at Batavia for Africa.

Track Routes

M. V. Maet Suyckyer I

S.S VAN REES- AGENTS Saigon : Diethelm & Co.

Port Moresby and Samarai: Steamships Trading Co. Ltd, Kabaul: W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd.

Port Vila: Gubbay Freres.

Noumea: Carlo Leoni.

Auckland: Russell & Somers Ltd.

Wellington: Johnston & Co. Ltd,

K.Em -South Pacific Line

ROYAL PACKET NAVIGATION CO. LTD.

Paketvaart House. 255 George Street. Sydney

Pacific Islands Travellers

Passengers Per Montoro Which

Left Sydney For Papua And New

GUINEA ON FEBRUARY 24Messrs. Austen.

Armstrong, Blaikie-Webster, Barrett, Bertie, Bbsgard, Brandenburg, Blundell (2), Barnes, Beaton, Brewer, Brinkley, Cunningham, Dadden, Doonan, Drayson, Easton, Farnham, Grey, Gillis, George, Goulding, Gaude, Goodwin, Hinds, Hitchcock, Hoath, Hawkins, Hawes, Humphrey, Izod, Jones, Jameson, Leahy, Lees, Leetch, Lightbody, Lakey, Lega, Luff, McCallum, Marshall, Moore, Musken, McKay, Mac Queen, McKee, Neil, Newall, O’Malley, O’Connor, Parbury, Priebe, Ritchie, Ramsden, Robertson (2), Robins, Richards, Rogerson, Speedie, Steel, Smith (2), Thompson, Titcombe, Wood, Winterbottom, Wheeler. Mesdames Austen, Armstrong, Blaikie- Webster, Bradford, Budden, Blundell, Barnes, Beaton, Charnock, Gray, Hinds, Haire, Kane, Leetch, Lees, Lakey, Leydin, Luff, Miller, Moore, Mitchell, Maxwell, Priebe, Richards, Rogerson, Skinner, Sharp, Wetherall. Misses Blundell, Bonnett, Corkin, Cooper, Dolorosia, Donellan, Hinton, Inman, Immaculata, Littler, Leydin, Mathilde, O’Keefe, Petherick, Petroca, Reynolds.

Passengers Per Neptuna Which

Sailed From Sydney For New Guinea

PORTS ON FEBRUARY 24:—Messrs. Boyd, Drummond-Thompson, Edwards, Feakes, Grigg, Gollan, Holland, Hockey, Harvey, Horsfall, Hilliar, Jacobs, Jones, King, Morton, Moore, McGeorge, McLeod, Peadon, Pye, Rawson, Robinson, Sedgers, Seale, Smith, Thornton, Torrington, Thomas, Ward, Wakefield. Mesdames Boyd, Bond, Coghlan, Chinnery, Drummond- Thompson, Edwards, Fitzgerald, Feakes, Franklin, G'rigg, Holland, Hyams, Harvey, Jackson, Jones, Lamb, Ladd, Mullaly, Marr, Mitchell, Murcutt, Moore, Pennefather, Peadon, Pye, Rawson, Robinson, Sedgers, Strudwick, Shepherd, Taylour, Winnall, Weston Wilson, Wright, Wiseman.

Misses Boyd (2), Betts, Holland, Hollway, Irvine Ibbott, James, Jones (2), Johansson, King, Leader, Lawson, Nankervis, Regan, Russell- Smith, Stevenson, Sanderson, Seward, Shepherd, Winnall.

PASSENGERS PER MALAITA WHICH AR-

Rived ‘ In Sydney From Solomon

Islands And N.G. Ports On February

28: —Messrs. Adam, Atkinson, Bignell, Branch, Brown, Buston, French, Hobbs, Kidson, Loewenthal, Monckton, Purvis, Read, Reid, Sim, Southwell, Stackpool, Stokie, Stewart, Widdup. Mesdames Atkinson, Brook (2), Brown, French, Gaskell, Hirschell, Hobbs, Loewenthal, Reid, Southwell, Wright. Misses Beer, Couldwell, Devir, Fitzgerald.

PASSENGERS PER MORINDA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Norfolk Island

ON MARCH 1: Messrs. Boyd, Blake (2), Buffett, Brown, Brownhill, Campbell, Davies, Dunkley, Edwards, Elphick, Johnson, McDermott,' Kay, McLachlan, O’Donnell, Musgrave, Quintal (2), Rossiter, Woods, Taylor. Mesdames Brodie, Bouche, Davis, Easy, Grubb, McGrath, McCann, McLachlan, Quintal (2), Robinson, Trotter, Walker, Woods. Misses Arthur, Britain, Cade, Clancy, Cox, Fenton, Fisher, Haskell, Lynch, Neate, O’Connor, Shaw, Slater, Williams.

Passengers Per ' Morinda Which

Sailed From Sydney For Lord Howe

Is.. Norfolk Is., And New Hebrides On

MARCH 4; —Messrs. Bowden, Carpenter (2), Cohen, Charles, Donnelly (2), Engelbrecht, Hancock, Hattersley, Humphrey, Joy, Knight, Kitching, Knight, Littlemore, Lovett, Murphy, Morrell, Moase, Pinney, Roger, Sinclair, Rennie, Saville, Thorn, Winn, Welch. Mesdames Bingham, Donnelly, Devitt, Englebrecht, Farey, Hancock, Joy, Knight, Murphy, Pinney, Rennie, Sinclair, Saville, Welch (2). Misses Armstrong, Blackwood, Crozier, Collins, Evans, Farey, Grace, Hurd, Hay, Keating, Knight, Mudge (2), Maunder, Mackenzie, Massey, Manning, Samuels, Spencer, Swinbourne, Turnbull, Thompson,

Passengers Per Malaita Which

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR SOLOMON IS-

Lands And New Guinea Ports On

MARCH 6: —Messrs. Babbage, Craig, Dale, Dethbridge, Deaton (2), Ellis, Green, Harrison, Johnston, Kenyon, Kellett, Laurence, Lucas, Mair, MacDonald, McGregor, Paterson, Roos, Speirs, Thwaites, Thackway, Ward, Warren, Wheeler. Mesdames Bernhardt, Bennett.

Chauncey, Chanter, Ellis, Hetherington, Knibbs, MacDonald, Mitchell-Hill, Paterson, Tudberry, Thackway, Ward, Wright (2). Misses Crimming, Devir, Fitzgerald, Maher, Pavey, Winterbottom.

Passengers Per Macdhui Which

Reached Sydney From Papua And New

GUINEA ON MARCH 11: —Messrs. Aumuller, Austin, Aston, Barwick, Bunting, Bultitude, Bannon, Comb, Clarence, Cantelo, Conwell, Dobell, Downing, Davies, Edmonds, English.

Eliertz, Ellis, Evans, Fenton, Frame (2), Gannon, Griffiths, Green, Hodgekiss, Hegary, Herket, Holland, Hardie, Horan, Jones, Ker, Lumley, Larking, Ludlow, Lewis, Miller (2), McArthur, Moore, Maxwell, Newton, Shelton-O’Reilly, Ormsby, Pearson. Parfit, Phillips, Parnell, Pollard, Rennels, Reilly. Ryan, Robins, Rutherford, Searle, Sherrell, Strickland, Speakman, Sandison, Stewart, Shoppee, Sibley, Storey, Silvester, Taylor (2). Thomson, Tudor, Turner.

Tillock, Williams, Warrant, Washington, Woodman, Winterford, Wyatt. Mesdames Bignell, Buston, Champion, Collins, Conwell, Gething, Hardie, Jones, King, Larking, Lowe, Miller, Newton, Nisbet, Pomeroy, Paul, Rennels, Richardson.

Searle, Strickland, Spencer, Setchell, Storey, Thompson, Williams, Woods, Warrant, Whitten, Washington, Winterford. Misses Hardie, Jewson, Josina, Maye, Ottonia, Ruhall, Riordan, Wilson, Wilde.

(Continued On Page 80)

Mr. and Mrs. L. Williams, of Salamaua, formerly of New Ireland, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea with their four-months-old baby, Kathlyn, by the Macdhui on March 11. They sailed for New Zealand, on their way to England, via the Pandma Canal, on March 19. 1 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCHANTS IDE w 111 mm llil mm HI m SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney— Australia Code Address: "Burphil"

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is.—Lord Howe Is. —Norfolk Is. —New Hebrides — lava and Singapore ADVERTISERS Amalgamated Wireless of Aust. Ltd. 76 Angus & Coote Ltd. 27 Arnott’s Biscuits 26 ■“A-spro” 22 Ausoline 66 Baker Ltd., W. Jno. 66 B. and S. Agency .. 13 Bank of N.S.W 77 Berger & Sons Ltd. 52 Blau (Aust.) Robert 58 Blood of the Shark 25 Broomfields Ltd 48 Brunton’s Flour ...... 39 Bullivants Ltd 41 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 Burns, Philp & Co. 24 B.P. (S.S.) Co 32 Buzacott Ltd 32, 51 Carpenter, W. R.

Limited ii Chapman & Sherack 31 Chemist - Michael, H. P 51 Chivers & Co. Ltd., 35 Clyde Engineering Co. Ltd 15 Coleman Lamp Co. 75 Coral Starch 34 Cosmopolitan Hotel 78 Crockett & Co. Ltd. 55 Crossle, Duff and Macintosh Ltd. ... 68 “Cuprinol” 63 “Cystex” 53 Del Cott Pty. Ltd. ... 47 Dewar’s Whisky 68 Doans Pills 74 Docke, Carl Aug. ... 46 Donald, A. B. Ltd. 62 Eaton, Ltd., J- W. 54 Electrolytic Co. Ltd. 72 Elliott’s and Aust.

Drug Ltd - 12 Eno’s Fruit Salts ...... 75 E.S.C.A. Ltd 69 Excelsior Supply Co. 56 Fairbanks - Morse Limited 67 “Fairliolme” Coll. ... 65 Finau, Wm 28 Fletcher & Sons ...... 43 Florentine & Son 40 Ford, W. M 69 “44 Macleay Street’’ 60 Foster Clark Ltd. ... 38 Fox and Macgillycuddy Ltd 57 Fryer, A. C 49 Garden Vale Products Ltd 34 Garrett & Davidson 62 Gillespie’s Flour 22 Grand Pacific Hotel 61 Grove & Sons, W. H. 14 Grove & Sons, W. H. 20 Guinea Airways Limited lii Hallstrom, E 29 Halvorsen, L 21 Holbrook’s Ltd 39 Holdens Air T. Co. 80 Horne. W. & Co. ... 60 Hotel Moresby 78 Hygeia Sanitary Co. 74 1.C.1.A.N.Z. Ltd. ... 30 Invincible Motors ... 14 Jones & Co. Ltd., H. 37 Jones & Rickard 45 Joubert & Joubert ... 65 Kodak Pty. Ltd 28 Kopsen & Co. Ltd. 64 Kork-N-Seal Ltd. ... 35 Lane & Girvan Ltd. 44 Levenson’s Radio ... 75 McGowan & Co., A. 61 Mcllrath’s Ltd 18 McKay’s Bookstall ... 67 Macintyre & Co., T. 54 Maleham & Yeomans Limited 56 Master Sewing Machine Co 43 Maxwell Porter Ltd. 54 Medical Supplies— Secura 58 Mint Stamp Co 78 “Meriden” School ... 12 Morris, Hedstrom Limited 63 Mowbray House School 1 17 N.D.L 79 Nelson & Robertson Pty. Ltd 71, 72 Nestle’s Milk lb Newlands Bros. Ltd. 42 Noyes Bros. Ltd. ... 71 N.S.W. Bookstall Ltd 21 “Oceania’’ 79 Pacific Islands Co. 59 Pacific Taxi Service 62 Papua Hotel, The ... 78 Patterson & Stone 63 Pike Bros. Ltd 65 Position Wanted 14 Prescott Ltd „ 36 Price’s Radio Serv, 27 Prouds Ltd 17 Ransomes Sims and Jefferies Ltd 50 Reed, William E. ... 57 Reid. W. M 26 Riverstone Meat Co. Ltd 23 Rohu, Sil 31 Royal Packet Co. ... 1 “R.U.R.” 19 Ruston & Hornsby 49 “San Jose” Flats ... 20 Scott Ltd., J 48 Scott & Sons 50 Springwood L. Coll. 58 Stanley, Chris 37 Stanley & Co. 79 Steamships T. Co. ... 25 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Swallow & Ariell ... 36 Sydney Steel Co 54 Ta'ktries 12 Taubman’s Paints ... 44 Taylor & Co. A 40 “Tenax” Soap 13 Thompson’s Eng’r. & Pipe Co. Ltd. 70 Tillock & Co. Ltd. 37 Tooheys Ltd 19 Tooth & Co iv “Top Dog” Men’s Wear ~ 25 Trufood 18 Vacuum Oil Co 33 Vincent’s A.P.C 57 Webb & Co., A 52 West, Harry 30 Weymark & Son 35 Wheeler, R. B. .. 43 Wills. W. D. and H. 0 20 Williams Ltd., S. ... 45 Williams, W. H 50 Wizard Lighting Co. 13 Woods Peppermint Cure 24 Wright & Co. Ltd. 48 Wunderlich Ltd. 40 Contents Pacific Islands Travellers 1. 80 Significance of New Pacific Aerial Services 3 Australia’s Interest In Fate of New Guinea 5 Death of Pioneer Papuan Planter 5 N.Z.’s Samoan “Policy” 6 Measles Kill 1,000 G. &E. Islanders 7 Quick Moves in Trans-Pacific Air-mail Argument 7 Japan’s Invasion of Pacific Shell Industry 8 Samoa’s Beautiful Waterfalls 9 H.M.S. Leith Lands Party on Christmas Island 10 Tropicalities 11 About Islands People 12-14 Whale Oil Menace 16 Fiji’s Sound Trade Position 17 Lost for 65 Days In Pacific 18 Moonlight in the Vale of Wau 20 Unconventional Scientist in the New Hebrides 22 Japanese Eyes on D.N.G 25 Salamaua Versus Lae 32 Wooing the “Maidens of the Deep” 24 Navigators of Eastern Polynesia 39 Search for Oil in Papua—Part II 40 Norfolk Is. Administrator Returns 41 Pages from the Past —Capt. Goodenough Visits Cook Group 49 Rarotonga’s Woes 53 Population of W. Samoa 54 Tahiti’s Chinese 55 Defaulting Recruits in 8.5.1 57 Fashion Hints for Islands Women 59 Mixed Marriages in Polynesia 62 Closed Districts in Solomons 64 Lord Moyne Looks Over N.G 616 Pacific Islands Mining Notes 68 Our Cousins in the North 71 Tongan Prince’s New Name 72 Guinea Airways Upset Australia’s Aviation Calm 74 Administrator Criticises N.G.G. Ltd. 75 Islands Produce and Exchange Rates 76 Copra and Rubber Prices 77 South Seas Shipping Services 78 2 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas [Registered at the G.P,0., Sydney for transmission by post as a newspaper .] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following* Pacific Territories and Islands Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown "Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 3408 R Registered Address of Telegrams, Radiograms, and Cables: “Pacpub,” Sydney.

CONTRIBUTIONS Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates

Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid, Post Free 8/- Per Annum, elsewhere, prepaid. Post Free 107- Single Copies Bd.

Editor and Publisher: R. W. ROBSON. F.R.G.S.

ADVERTISEMENTS Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc. by Arrangement Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

AGENTS The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for the Pacific Islands Monthly:— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., and Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd.

All Branches of Morris, Hedstrom & Co., Ltd.

Q. Thomas & Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai, Papua.

Steamships Trading Co., Papua. All Branches.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji.

All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga, Cook Is.

W. H. Watson, Rarotonga. Cook Is.

A. C. Rowland, Papeete, Tahiti.

Representative in London: W. C. HARVEY, Coronation Building. 4 Lloyds Avenue, London, E.C.2. from whom may be obtained copies of Pacific Islands Monthly, Pacific Islands Year Book, advertising schedules, etc.

Vol. VIL, No. 8.

Sydney, March 23, 1937.

PnVp ( Bd> Per Copyr I ICC ( Prepaid: 8/- p.a.

Political and Economic Significance of New Pacific Aerial Services THERE is something of great significance for all Pacific Territories in the month’s developments in aviation.

The first steps have been taken in the establishment of services which must profoundly affect life in the Pacific Islands; and an understanding apparent y has been reached between Britain and the United States which yet may change the political face of the Pacific.

Great 4-engined Martin Clippers, operated by Pan-American Airways, now fly weekly across the North Pacific (’Frisco Honolulu Midway Wake Guam —Manila—Hong Kong). Under an agreement, reached in Auckland on March 12, between the N.Z. Government and Pan- American Airways, another line of Clippers will run south from Honolulu to Auckland, the route being Honolulu to Kingman Reef (1000 miles); Kingman to Pago Pago, American Samoa (1700 miles) ; Pago Pago to Auckland (2000 miles).

A P.A.A. Sikorsky flying-boat left ’Frisco on March 17 to survey the route to Auckland, and was expected in Auckland within a week.

A regular service—fortnightly at first, but coming presently to weekly— may start within six months. Some reports say Boeing flying-boats will be used others say Martin aeroplanes. In any event, they are huge, 4-engined machines, carrying a crew of about seven, and from 40 to 48 passengers.

The Dutch air-lines are putting in a service which will run from Sourabaya (Java) to connect with the P.A.A. North Pacific service at Manila. The new Sydney—New Guinea service almost certainly will go one hop further, and connect with the P.A.A. North Pacific service at Guam.

These developments have occurred in the midst of warring polities, both economic and international. But, whatever the circumstances of their appearance, the fact remains that within a very few years they will wholly change the tempo of life — commercial, industrial, social and political-—in the Pacific.

There was a long hold-up, while British influences stubbornly resisted the Amerleans’ attempt to establish the Honolulu —N.Z. —Australian air-service. Imperial Airways (which in the ultimate analysis is an association of the British Government with the British shipping combine) wanted the way left clear for an extension of their service from Australia across the Pacific to Canada. H.M.S. Leith slipped quietly away from Suva, in January, and formally occupied Christmas Is , which the Americans apparently needed.

Then, quite suddenly, the British resistance disappeared, and the agreement was announced with the proviso that the P.A.A. service should terminate in Auckland, and not come to Australia.

What happened, no one knows; but it is possible to make a shrewd guess.

P.A.A., barred from New Zealand, was getting ready to run to Australia via the non-British islands of Pago Pago and New Caledonia. That brought both the British and N.Z. Governments sharply to attention, and they in turn forced Imperial Airways to accept a compromise— P.A.A. to have the Pacific to themselves, for the present, but to keep away from Australia. A bleating protest from the Commonwealth Government, that the Auckland agreement was made without its knowledge, bears out our theory. The Commonwealth Government is powerfully 3 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

influenced by the British Shipping Combine; but the latter is anathema to the N.Z. Labour Government.

It nnll he found, however, that the Americans made a concession. The British air-lines may use Honolulu as a port, when they are ready to enter the Pacific trade.

All this may have a bearing upon the Pacific shipping position. The three Governments concerned (Britain, Australia, N.Z.) still are merely toying with the idea of subsidising the Union Line against the American ships. The long delay almost certainly is due to the N.Z.

Government’s hatred of the British Shipping Combine.

Are we now to see a new development —namely, British interests, influenced by New Zealand, abandoning the Pacific transport industry to American interests, on the understanding that it is now pos- "Guinea Airways Upset Australia's Aviation Calm."—See article on page 74. sible to get an Anglo-American agreement to maintain the status quo in the Pacific against the ever-growing power of Japan? Internationally considered, the'thing has logic in it; Australia and New Zealand could not pay too high a price for American friendship and American co-operation with Britain in the Pacific. But, from the political-Socialists’ viewpoint, the thing is absurd. Why sacrifice the British shipping combine, which at least is subject to some control by democratic institutions and by humanitarians, to the Americans, when American combines notoriously are the last word in ruthlessness and inhumanity?

However, amid all the complications caused by these international considerations, commercial rivalries and contests between politico-social systems, the fact remains that the Pacific territories are to get aerial transport systems much more quickly than ever was anticipated; and they should prepare accordingly.

Incidentally, Fiji should get busy. It would be a calamitous thing if the P.A.A.

Clippers, flying direct from Pago Pago to Auckland, merely buzzed along Fiji’s eastern horizon. If P.A.A. are to be left alone in the Pacific, they should give some consideration to the British countries there, and Fiji is big enough to expect some sort of attention from the Central Pacific air-mail service.

Mr. D. Stewart, sales manager for Messrs. Holbrooks (A/asia) Ltd., will make a business visit to Papua and New Guinea in May and June. He will make the round trip by the Montoro, leaving on May 15.

Mr. C. J. Black, of Pacific Cable Board staff, accompanied by Mrs. Black, left Sydney in March for Honolulu, en route for the cable-station at Fanning Island.

They will be two years on Fanning Island,

"Citizens" & "Subjects"

Curious Position of French Oceania Natives From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 26.

'T'HE law relative to the recruitment of * natives of French Oceania for labour service outside the colony, promulgated in July, 1936, has been revised.

It reads now as follows:—“All engagement of subjects of France for enterprises or exploitations situated on foreign territories, is prohibited. The organisation of stations of recruitment of native labourers for the colonies or foreign lands, wherever they may be, is interdicted in the colony.”

The earlier law was so worded that the prohibition included citizens. It is now changed to apply only to subjects.

The rather curious condition existing in French Oceania divides the native inhabitants into citizens and subjects.

The inhabitants of Tahiti, Moorea, and the Tuamotu Archipelago, are citizens of France. The natives of the Leeward Society Islands, Austral Islands, and Marquesas Islands, not having been admitted to the privilege of citizenship, are classed as subjects.

Unfounded Report Causes

Stir In Papua

THERE was a stir in Port Moresby on March 15, when radio receivers picked up a voice coming apparently from a remote transmitter in the Papuan jungle—which announced that a party on or near the Strickland River, consisting of two white men, with police and carriers, had been massacred.

Then there was silence. Every effort to locate or identify the mysterious voice failed.

The Administration made a very rapid check up on parties in the west. It found that only two parties in the Strickland region were not accounted for-an outlying Ward Williams party, and the party sent out by Investors Ltd., led by Messrs. Jack Hides and Dave Lyall.

Later, it was found that the message actually came from Jack Hides’s camp on the Strickland, and was based merely on a report received through native channels. No confirmation whatever of the report could be obtained.

Mr. W. Wise, Director of Public Works in Fiji, returned to Suva from England by the Waipawa recently. He was accompanied by Mrs. Wise.

HOME IS THE SAMPAN. HOME FROM THE SEA ....

JAPANESE MOTHER: "Listen, darling, in the pretty shell that Daddy brought home. Don't you hear the murmur of the blue waves of the Pacific?"

JAPANESE KID: "No, Mama. But I think I can hear the blue language of the South Pacific settlers. 4 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Arrack Banned

Effort To Wipe Out "Coconut Booze" in Tahiti From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Mar. 1.

STRINGENT laws carrying heavy penalties have been enacted by the Government of French Oceania against the manufacture, sale, possession, and even the drinking of Arrack. Arrack —as is well-known is the product resulting from the distillation of fermented sap of the coconut tree, obtained by tapping the stalk of the blossom before the nut is formed.

As a matter of fact, there has been surprisingly little Arrack made in these islands, except in the Marquesas. The laws are very rigid against the sale or supplying cf spirits to natives on islands other than Tahiti and Moorea.

Aware that tapping the coconut blossom stalk injures the tree, the thrifty Tuamotu native provides himself with good cheer by other and more crafty methods. There have been many fivegallon kerosene tins properly labelled and apparently in the condition in which they left the refinery—that have miraculously metamorphosed their contents, in transit to the Tuamotu Islands, into high proof rum. Then some wily merchant discovered that tinned Hawaiian pineapple, when boiled and the mixture fermented, could be made into a beverage of potent authority. On the high islands, orange beer and orange rum are the standard “moonshine” beverages.

It is a melancholy but well-known fact that alcoholic liquors have played a major role in the decimation of the Polynesians.

Amelia Earhart Crashes On Round-World Flight A FTER months of careful preparation, Amelia Earhart, famous American airwoman, left San Francisco on March 17 in a Lockheed-Electra ’plane to fly around the world (27,000 miles), via Hawaii, Howland Is., Lae (New Guinea), East Indies, India, Central Africa, South America, and Central America.

With three companions, Messrs. Paul Mantz, Fred Noonan, and Harry Manning, she made a record crossing to Hawaii.

While trying to take off from Honolulu on March 21 for Howland Island, the machine crashed and was so badly damaged that the round-the-world flight had to be abandoned. The three occupants —Amelia Earhart (otherwise Mrs George Putnam, wife of the well-known American publisher) and Messrs. Noonan and Manning (navigators) escaped injury.

They are returning to U.S.A. by steamer.

Mrs. Earhart Putnam expressed determination to attempt the round-the-world flight again later.

N.G. COUNCIL Australia's Interest In Fate of Territory From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Mar. 3.

TO-DAY’S meeting of the Legislative Council lasted 5g hours.

Twenty-three Bills, being mostly amendments of existing ordinances, were passed. The Administrator, in his opening address, referred to the Council’s inaugural meeting in May, 1933, and drew a flattering comparison between the condition of the Territory then and now.

He emphasised that revenue had increased by 30 per cent.

To Australia Or Germany?

Mr. W. E. Grose, in a notable speech, insisted that something should be done to awaken Australian public opinion to the danger of unchecked propaganda in favour of the return of New Guinea to Germany. If New Guinea were returned, it undoubtedly would be used by Germany mainly as a military and naval base. It was extremely important for strategic reasons that Australia should retain control of New Guinea. He pointed out that there had been much more rapid development of New Guinea under Australian Administration than under the Germans.

Asiatic Immigration

Mr. McLennan ably addressed the Council on the subject of Asiatic immigration. He criticised the wisdom of applying the White Australia Policy to New Guinea, where conditions were entirely different from those in Australia.

Undisciplined Natives

There was no discussion of the subject of “undisciplined natives.” Mr. J. C.

Mullaly asked 13 general questions, which were tersely answered by the Administrator, thus putting an end to the debate.

Pioneer Planter of Papua Death of Charlie Talbot From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Feb. 27.

THE death of Mr. Charles Talbot, of * Puni Puni, North East coast of Papua, occurred at his home on January 26, after several weeks’ ill health.

The late Charlie Talbot, who was 68 years of age, arrived in the Territory in 1910, from the Northern Territory of Australia. Occupying himself first in the early developments of the British New Guinea Development Co., he later engaged in the production of sisal hemp and copra, which were the chief industries of the time.

His positions included, at various times, the management of Fairfax Harbour Plantations Ltd., North Fairfax Co. Ltd., Katea Hemp Co., and Veimauri River Plantations.

He was actively engaged in these concerns until 1927, when he retired to establish an industry of his own with his brother Richard at Puni Puni, one of the most attractive properties in Papua.

Charlie Talbot’s long years of experience in planting in the country, and his successful handling of native labour, earned him the respect of all with whom he came into contact. Immune to hardships from his early days in Kalgoorlie and Derby in 1890, there were few problems that Charlie Talbot did not tackle in the new and untried country of his adoption. He made lasting friendships with brown and white alike.

So departs another of the fine pioneers of Papua, of whom the country is proud.

It remains to be seen if the following generation can match their bold enterprise and courage.

Three leading residents of Fiji, who arrived in Sydney on March 13 en route to London and the Coronation. Left to right: Ratu Joseva Sukuna, B.A. (Oxon.), Mcdaille Militaire, barrister-at-law of Middle Temple, M.L.C. (Fiji), and Honorary A.D.C. to the Governor of Fiji; Major Clive B. Joske, M.C., Commandant of the Fiji Military Forces, A.D.C. to the Governor; Ratu Edward Cakobau, descendant of the Royal Houses of Fiji and Tonga, second lieutenant in the Fiji Defence Forces, and captain of the Fiji cricket team. 5 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Samoan “Policy”

N.Z. Minister Resents Being Nagged At In Geneva From Our Own Correspondent.

AUCKLAND, Mar. 10 THE N.Z. Minister, Mr. W. A. Nash. when before the League of Nations Council in Geneva in January, expressed resentment at the manner in which he had been cross-examined about Samoa by the Mandates Commission.

Mr. Nash said the new N.Z. Government sent a Cabinet Minister and a private member to Samoa to find the best way of rectifying native grievances. The Government then formulated a policy, which it submitted to the Mandates Commission. But, instead of accepting that as an indication of N.Z.’s intentions, the Commission proceeded to cross-examine the N.Z. representative as if it were dissatisfied with what had been done, and proposed.

A member of the Commission said there had been no cross-examination only a full and friendly discussion. Some of the members of the Commission were ready to express surprise, not on any point of policy, but at the manner in which the new policy and the reasons for the change had been announced to the natives. It was felt in some quarters that possibly the exhilaration of victory in New Zealand had led to misunderstanding.

EDITORIAL NOTE, The Minister’s quaint assumption that the “Goodwill Mission’s” visit to Samoa, and the N.Z. Government’s Samoan policy, could not deserve anything but praise, is typical of the politician. It must be very irritating to such a man to find that the Mandates Commission, will give consideration to information received from other quarters. Everyone knows what the “Goodwill Mission” achieved • no use flogging that poor horse again. But it is interesting to learn that the N.Z. Government has a Samoan policy. Has anyone seen it? What is it object? Samoa for the Samoans, we presume.

Woman Missionary Killed

BY DOG From a Special Correspondent SAMARAI, Mar. 10.

BADLY mauled by a dog, Miss Nellie Hullett, a South Australian member of the Anglican Mission at Dogifra, Eastern Papua, since 1910, had to face a 100-miles sea trip in a small launch to reach medical aid. She died shortly after being admitted to Samara! Hospital.

An old favourite pet, the dog went into Miss Hullett’s room early in the morning and put his forelegs on the bed. Miss Hullett pushed him off, and he seized her forearm. She caught his ears with her free hand, and called for help.

A mission teacher rushed to her aid, but she refused to let the dog go lest someone else should be hurt. Snarling, the animal broke free and caught her other arm. Both arms were badly torn from wrist to shoulder.

Copra Store Destroyed In

SUVA FIRE From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Mar. 18.

THE concrete copra store of Messrs.

Morris Hedstrom Ltd., in Suva, was destroyed by fire on March 13. About 300 tons of copra were lost. The adjoining oilworks, operated by the Union Soap Company, was saved. The southern wall of this building will probably need reconstructing.

Large Scale Rubber

Planting In Papua

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 2. 117ITH the object of planting rubber ** on an extensive scale in the Kanosia District, Mariboi (Papua) Rubber Estates was tncorporated under the Papua Companies Ordinance on February 15, with a nominal capital of £50,000, in shares of £1 each. Steamships Trading Co. are interested in the enterprise.

The company, it is understood, will take over a considerable area of land from Tropical Products Pty. Ltd., incorporated under the Papuan Companies Ordinance in January. The latter recently acquired 9,000 acres at Kanosia for planting rubber and other tropical products.

Kanosia is a well-known and tested rubber district in Papua, within easy reach of the seaboard.

Marsina'S End

In Gale Off Queensland Coast 'THE old Islands steamer Marsina, 1948 * tons, once a familiar sight in all ports from Papua westwards to New Hebrides, came to a spectacular end on March 16.

Some years ago, she was sold to the Patrick Line, and became the coastal freighter Craigend. Quite recently, she was brought by a Mr S. Yih, of Shanghai, renamed the Haiping , given an overhaul, and was despatched to China under a master and crew who came south from Shanghai, The Haiping was sent to Newcastle for a cargo of coal, which she was to discharge at Rabaul on her way north.

She left Newcastle on March 10, and met cyclonic weather off the Queensland coast on March 15. She received a bad battering, sprang a leak and slowly filled.

The captain, two officers, and 26 men were taken off by the freighter Mildura on the 16th.

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This memorial, at Mahina, Tahiti, marks the graves of the first L.M.S. missionaries to die in Tahiti—Thomas Lewis, 1799, and John Jefferson, 1807. An account of the dedication ceremony will appear in next issue. 6 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 19 3 7

Measles Kill 1000 Recent Epidemic in G. & E. Colony THE Resident Commissioner in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Mr. J. C.

Barley, was in Sydney between March 16 and 20, after a hectic few weeks in the Central Pacific.

He dashed across from Ocean Is. to Christmas Is. at the end of January in his small boat; connected there with H.M.S. Leith (when she was landing a radio party to hold the island for Britain against U.S.A.); and then, before going to Suva, they visited a number of the isolated Phoenix Islands. At one island, SALAMAUA v. LAE —Article on p. 32.

This article was supplied by a bpecial Correspondent at Port Moresby. a surf-beat upset, and Mr. Barley was within an ace of being drowned.

Mr. Barley has had a strenuous year.

The Ellice Islanders, early in 1936, caught measles from Fiji, and their islands were promptly quarantined. But the natives somehow broke through, and carried the infection on to the Gilbert Group, through which it rushed like wildfire.

The Administration officials worked for many months to get rid of the disease. It is gone now; but it is estimated that 1000 Gilbert and Ellice Islanders died in 1936 from measles.

POWER TO ARREST N.G.

CITIZENS Interesting Point of Law IT was stated, erroneously, in our last ’ issue, that G. M. C. Ffrost, a New Guinea overseer, who had been arrested in Sydney, had been sent to New Guinea by the Macdhui on February 4, to stand trial for the alleged unlawful killing of a native.

What actually happened was that, before Ffrost sailed, a habeas corpus application was made to the State Supreme Court, in Sydney. Ffrost was kept in Sydney to await the result of the application, which the Full Court heard on February 22. Very complicated questions of law, especially affecting the constitutional relationship between the States, the Commonwealth and New Guinea, were raised. The point was: Had the State police the authority to arrest a man and hand him over to the jurisdiction of New Guinea?

The Full Court reserved its decision.

At this date (March 22) Ffrost still is in Sydney, awaiting a decision. He is a young man of good family, and was employed by Burns, Philp on Meto plantation. It is claimed, on his behalf, that a boss-boy already has been convicted and sentenced for manslaughter, in connection with the death of the native.

Quick Moves In Trans-Pacific

Air-Mail Argument

Experimental Flight by P.A. Airways Follows Agreement with N.Z.

A MONTH ago, the prospect of the establishment of a Central Pacific air-mail service, Honolulu to Auckland, by Pan-American Airways, seemed remote There was a complete hold-up by the New Zealand Government. The latter had insisted that the projected British Trans- Pacific service should be accorded the same facilities in Hawaii as Pan-American Airways were to receive in New Zeaj an( j Important international considerations became involved. The Americans apparently would not give the undertaking, New Zealand therefore would not grant facilities in Auckland.

Engineers from the Pan-American Airways appeared quietly and unexpectedly in Noumea. A glance at the map shows that it would be very easy for Pan- American Airways to run to Australia yia Samoa, Fiji and New Caledonia, instead of by Samoa and Auckland.

Then something happened goodness knows what! The people’s business is conducted nowadays by their representatives in scrupulous secrecy. One gets at the course of events by deduction and assumption.

The Indications are that Britain is not ready to establish a trans-Pacific aerial service, from New Zealand to Canada.

She is anxious to extend the Imperial Airways service, now running successfully from England to Australia, through to New Zealand; but beyond that point, it should be possible to leave trans- Pacific aerial requirements to the Amencans, for the present. Britain’s service picks up the route, again, from Eastern Canada, across the North Atlantic, to England.

'THIS, probably, is what happened, 1 Britain said: Leave us alone to run our service eastwards—through Southern Europe, Egypt and Southern Asia to Australia and New Zealand, and we will leave the New Zealand—North America link to be supplied by Pan-American Airways, for the present, An agreement, apparently, was very quickly reached. It was anounced on March 13: 1. The New Zealand Government has extended until the end of 1937 the period in which Pan-American Airways must commence the Honolulu-Auckland service, if it is to enjoy concessions in New Zealand, 2. The first survey flight over the route Honolulu to Auckland, via Kingman Reef and Pago Pago (American Samoa), by Pan-American Airways, would commence almost immediately.

One of the Clipper flying-boats, with a crew of six, would make the trip. Ihe company’s supply-ship Northwind had been ordered from Honolulu to Kingman Reef (which lies 33 miles N.W. of Palm- This map from Sydney “Telegraph”, shows the existing and proposed air-lines, referred to in the accompanying article. The proposed new line, from Sydney to New Guinea (which will be only one hop from Guam) is not shown on this map. 7 Pacific Islands Monthly, M, arch 23, 1937

yra, is 9J miles by 5 miles, and is simply a half-submerged coral reef enclosing an area of sheltered water). 3. The air-mail service between Australia and New Zealand, representing the extension to New Zealand of the Imperial Airways service, will be controlled by a commission or board, on which the Governments of Britain, Australia, and New Zealand will be represented.

On March 17, the original China Clipper, commanded by Captain Edwin Musick, took off from San Francisco on the first stage of the survey flight to New Zealand. The giant Sikorsky flying boat is due in Auckland on March 25.

TTHESE announcements seemed to make * the position quite clear. But there was a protest from Canberra, which said that “a trans-Pacific air service is one of contemplated major extensions of the Empire air routes”; that Australian traffic would be conserved for this service; and that it knew nothing of any new agreement between New Zealand and Pan-American Airways. Which suggested that Canberra was either well behind the times, as usual; «r that the N.Z. Government had taken action of a very important character entirely on its own account.

When the curious history of these early preparations for a trans-Pacific service, north to south comes to be written, a tribute will be paid to the work of Harold Gatty, champion airman and Australasian representative of Pan-American Airways. He has spent most of the past two years in New Zealand negotiating very patiently and skilfully for the removal of scores of difficulties created by Governments and bureaucracies. There are many practical difficulties in the track of the proposed new service the provision of moorings, spares, workshops and accommodation; the need for regular weather data; the problem of radio stations, etc. — but Mr.

Gatty probably will say that they are as nothing in comparison with the obstacles created by Governments.

'THE rapid development of the Pan- American North Pacific service (’Frisco Hawaii —Guam —Manila —China) has given a new importance to the proposed Sydney—New Guinea service (see article on page 74).

The Dutch East Indies Airline have just completed an arrangement to run regular planes between Sourabaya and Manila, where they will connect with the Pan-American service. From Sourabaya, passengers and mails can connect with the Anglo-Australian service.

But the Sydney—New Guinea service may provide Australia with a quicker route. A plane, flying north from New Guinea, could easily reach Guam in one hop, and connect there with the Pan- American service. In other words, a modern plane could fly southwards from Guam to Sydney, via New Guinea, in two days.

Mr. R. A. Derrick, of the Methodist Mission’s Technical Institution at Davuilevu, Fiji, left Sydney in February.

Japan'S Invasion Of Pacific Shell Industry

A N increasing amount of alarmed attention is being given in Australia to the penetration and capture of the Australian pearling industry by the Japanese.

The matter probably will attain international importance presently. By that time, the industry will be irrevocably Japanese. It is two-thirds Japanese now.

The development is in two phases. In the first phase, the Japanese invaded the northern Australian pearl-shelling industry (which has its centres in the northwest towns—Derby, Broome, Wyndham, Darwin, etc.) and, by their skill and industry, and their temperamental suitableness as divers, they pushed out most of the Malays, Koepangers and Filipinos, and virtually staffed the industry. Then they proceeded to supplant the Europeans and to own and direct the industry. That is the position to-day. The whole story is told, in detail, in lon Idriess’s new book, Forty Fathoms Deep.

The second phase is just as serious.

Swarms of sampans, staffed by adventurous Japanese and powered with modern engines, have come southwards from Formosa and from the Japanese mandated islands; and working to what seems a careful plan, they have invaded the territorial waters of all the south-west Pacific Islands, and of Australia, and they have literally scraped every shellbearing reef in that part of the world.

They have either taken possession of the trochus industry: or else, by carrying off the immature shell, they have destroyed it.

We used to think that these sampans were merely piratical and irresponsible.

But there are indications that they are working to a concerted plan. It is certain that there are well-found “mother ships” operating in connection with the fleets. We know, for instance, that one handsome vessel, the Zuiho Maru, is actually a Japanese Government survey vessel, and that she has made, and is making, a very thorough survey of the ocean-bed in Northern Australian waters, beyond the three miles limit.

Five years ago, Australia supplied 85 per cent, of the world’s pearl-shell requirements. To-day, so thoroughly have the Japanese penetrated the Pacific’s tropical reefs, and so well have they organised the industry, Japan controls the pearlshell trade of the world.

Dutch Arrest Nine Japanese Boats The coastal guards of the Dutch East ■*' Indies arrested nine Japanese pearling boats in mid-February, in the Arafura Sea, on the ground that they were illegally in territorial waters, and took them to Port Dobo, in the Aroe Islands (westwards of Dutch New Guinea).

It was pointed out that there are now over 100 Japanese sampans in the Arafura Sea, where they poach surreptitiously and are generally a nuisance to the Dutch.

The boat-owners appealed at once to the Governor of Wakayama, in which prefecture their boats are registered; and the latter passed on the appeal to the Foreign Office. The Japanese claimed that the boats entered territorial waters owing to some emergency.

There was a good deal of argument between the Dutch and Japanese authorities, but eventually the Japanese boats were released.

Messrs. Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd. are issuing 500,000 additional ordinary £1 shares, at par—their present lucky shareholders to have the first chance to subscribe. The current market value of B.P, ordinaries is £3/19/-.

Store of mother-of-pearl shell, at Dobo, in Aroe Islands, where shelling is an important Dutch industry. The big man in this picture is Mr. Jardinc, an Australian, who was, known for years as the chief shell-trader in the Arafura Sea. 8 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 19 37

Unknown N. Guinea

Young Explorers Plan to Penetrate British and Dutch Territories SUPPORTED by the Royal Geographical Society, an expedition is being organised in England by Mr A. J. Marshall, a Sydney zoologist, to explore Papua and the British and Dutch sections of New Guinea in 1938.

The party will sail from London for Papua in November next. Though their actual route is at present indefinite, they hope to go up the Fly River, in the Western Division, and across the watershed, through primitive country, to the north coast of the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. Then they will seek to penetrate Dutch New Guinea.

Members of the expedition will include Gandar Dower, an international tennis player; Mr. Tom Harrisson, a member of the Oxford Expedition to the New Hebrides in 1933; and Mr. Humphrey Spender, a surveyor and photographer. The oldest member of the party will be Mr. Dower, who is 26 years of age.

Mr. Marshall has already completed a preliminary reconnaissance of portion of the country through which the expedition will travel. He visited the area behind the Torricelli Mountains in North East New Guinea and then crossed over into the Dutch territory, returning to Humboldt Bay, the Dutch settlement near the border.

The English committee, which is assisting in the work of making preparations for the expedition, consists of Professor A. C. Haddon, the eminent ethnologist; Mr. Julian Huxley, secretary of the Zoological Society; Admiral Goodenough, a former president of the Royal Geographical Society; and Mr. H. G.

Wells, the prominent writer.

The "Muliama"

B.P.'s New Inter-Island Vessel Will Be Ready in July NOW undergoing construction, the new vessel ordered for Mesrs. Burns, Philp and Co. Ltd. for the inter-island trade in New Guinea will be put into commission in July. She will be named the Muliama.

There will be cabin accommodation for eight passengers, as well as a dining saloon and comfortable lounge. She is being fitted with Diesel engines which will give her a speed of just over 10 knots. Her dimensions will be: length 165 feet, and beam 31 feet.

The steamer will have a capacity for 400 to 500 tons of general cargo. Ample space will be provided for refrigerated goods.

Mr. Peter Rassmussen, of Tufuiopa, Western Samoa, married Miss Anna Celestina Bet ham, of Vaimea, at Apia Protestant Church on February 6.

Samoa'S Beautiful

WATERFALLS Re-discovery of "Schultz's Shower IT is worthy of note that an organisation of Apia citizens, under the presidency of Mr. A. G. Smyth, named the Town Planning Committee, is taking steps to open up the numerous waterfalls for the use and pleasure of citizens and tourists.

These waterfalls of Upolu, Western Samoa, are almost unique. They come pouring down off the tableland, at many places along the littoral; and, buried in the cool jungle, they provide showerbaths and bathing-pools about which poets and similarly romantic people have raved for 50 years.

Some of these delightful waterfalls have been allowed to return to the primitive jungle; but the new committee is now planning to make most of them readily accessible.

Steps are being taken to open up a beautiful little waterfall at a place called Seseu, in Luatuanu’u village, eight miles from Apia, on the Falefa road. Inquiries by Mr. Smyth and Mr. Hufnagel-Betham show that this waterfall is no other than what was known before 1914 as “Dr.

Schultz’s Shower.”

Some 40 to 50 feet above the level of the East Coast road and a little inland of the village of Luatuanu’u runs a ledge, or tableland, upon which the village plantations are situated (says the Western Samoan Mail).

This ledge is of crescent shape and it is at its eastern tip, where the stream of this tableland above leaps out through a setting of ferns and other greeneries into space, descending like a brilliant rocket of clear cool water. Bubbling below is the inviting pool where so often in the past the late Dr. E. Schultz- Ewerth, Governor of Western Samoa when war broke out, used to bathe, some times at six o’clock in the morning.

It is suggested that the committee adopt the name by which this waterfall was sometimes referred to in the happier days of long ago. Not only is the reference deserving to the memory of the late Dr, Schultz, who was a sincere friend of the people of these Isles, and a student of Polynesian history, but it would also prove a tourist attraction to visitors from overseas, being within 100 yards from the Main Beach road where cars and ’buses regularly pass.

Search For Oil

Big Equipment Coming South AN interesting but, as yet unexplained message from Singapore, on February 27, said; “Oil fields in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea are to be exploited on a large scale.

“Large quantities of pipes and other material have reached Java, Netherlands India, for transhipment to New Guinea.”

This shows the usual newspaper muddle regarding all news relating to the Islands. If material is arriving at Java in this fashion, it clearly is intended for Dutch New Guinea, where prospecting and drilling have been in hand for well over a year by a combination of the major oil companies.

The equipment, however, may be In* tended for transhipment from Java to Papua, where the same oil companies have recently commenced an oil search on a very big scale, and where they may have reached the stage of needing pipes.

The same search is proceeding in the Mandated Territory of N.G., but on a more limited scale; and, out of the three territories, the Mandated Territory is the least likely to need pipes.

Marble Deposit Found in Fiji From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 23.

AN interesting discovery of what is believed to be a deposit of white marble is reported from the Tailevu district, Eastern Viti Levu.

Samples have been secured by the Public Works Department and a great deal of interest is being taken in them, especially in view of the fact that new Government buildings are planned in the near future.

The Director of Public Works (Mr. W.

Wise) states that the commercial value of the marble cannot be determined until the deposit has been properly opened up recent photograph of “Schultz’s Shower”. The figures in the foreground show by comparison the height of the waterfall.

Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

CHRISTMAS IS.

Sloop Leith Lands Fiji Radio Operator and Party XHE mystery of the cruise of the * British sloop, H.M.S. Leith, has been cleared up to some extent by a report from Fiji that the vessel landed a wireless operator and seven men as a garrison on Christmas Island, in the Gilbert and Ellice group.

The High Commissioner for the Western Pacific and the officers of the Leith refused to give any definite information regarding the voyage, but it was freely stated in Suva and confirmed by some of the personnel of the Leith that she visited several islands, and finally landed Mr. Oscar Barrack on Christmas' Island.

Mr. Barrack is a wireless officer of the Fijian Government, recently seconded to the High Commission.

He had with him a wireless plant and all necessary kit, and provisions for six months. Besides Mr. Barrack, the Leith landed a detail of seven men to keep him company and act as a sort of garrison of the island.

It is reported that after the Leith left the island, the operator’s messages were clearly picked up. Then, after a temporary break, the messages were heard all the way to Suva.

Presumably, Mr. Barrack is to act as an Assistant Commissioner, and keep headquarters in Fiji informed of anything that may develop in the Anglo- American competition for the possession of certain Central Pacific Islands along the projected trans-Pacific airmail route.

Who Owns Christmas Island?

'THE action taken by the authorities * to consolidate Britain’s claim to Christmas Island focusses attention to the fact that for nearly 100 years ownership of the island has not been clearly defined.

Hitherto, Britain and America, the interested parties for its sovereignty, have regarded it as an almost insignificant speck on the map. With the advent of aeroplane services across the Pacific, Christmas Island, in common with a dozen other dots of land previously looked upon as more or less worthless, has assumed international importance.

United States, last year, took possession of Howland, Baker and Jarvis Islands (formerly regarded as British possessions) and Congress appropriated 35,000 dollars for the purpose. Since then American parties have been down among the other equatorial islands —Christmas, Fanning, Pukapuka, etc.

There is no doubt that America has cast covetous eyes upon Christmas Island. It has a big lagoon that might provide a harbour for naval surface ships as well as aircraft. While some informed quarters professed belief in December that no move regarding Christmas Is. was planned, a State Department official in Washington told the newspapers flatly that “the United States does not recognise British sovereignty there.’’

Reports which reached the Interior and State Departments in December said British, Japanese and French ships had visited isolated Howland, Baker and Jarvis in the previous few months, without landing.

The formal acquisition of those three uninhabited dots on the map was a mere matter of raising the flag and establishing four youthful Hawaiian pioneers on each, but officials said that reassertion of American claims to Christmas Island would have to be through diplomatic channels.

The island, including the very large lagoon, is about 100 miles around, and contains about 60,000 acres, devoted to coconuts. It was taken over by Great Britain in Queen Victoria’s reign. The United States merely “reserved all questions” in 1888 upon learning that the Union Jack had been hoisted by Admiral Wiseman, of H.M.S. Caroline, “and since then the matter of sovereignty has been slumbering.”

One of the world’s largest coral atolls, the island was dubbed Christmas by Captain Cook, who discovered it in his ship, the Resolution, on Christmas Eve of 1777.

The United States claim dates from its “rediscovery” by Captain John Stetson, of New Haven, “prior to 1857.”

The island is occupied now by two Europeans and 20 or more Tahitians.

The British deputy resident at Fanning Island is its governor.

Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Rogerson, who have been residents of Papua for nearly 10 years, returned to Woodlark Island, in the South-Eastern Division, where Mr.

Rogerson is Collector of Customs, by the Montoro from Sydney on February 24.

Bishop Henry Newton

Retirement After 35 Years in Papua From Our Own Correspondent BPT. MORESBY, Mar. 5.

Y the Macdhui, which left Samarai yesterday, Bishop Henry Newton, D.D., who was succeeded in January last by Bishop Warrington Strong, sailed for Australia to live in retirement after 41 years’ service in the tropics, 35 of which were spent in Papua.

Bishop Newton has been seriously ill for many months and it is with great relief that residents of the territory learn of his health improving sufficiently to enable his departure after so many long years of faithful service in the country. It is hoped that his health will continue to grow better, enabling him to enjoy the rest he so richly deserves.

Dr. Newton succeeded the Right Rev.

Sharp as Bishop of New Guinea in 1922.

Previously he had been Bishop of Carpentaria since 1916, having been appointed after 20 years’ service in Papua. He first entered the mission field in 1896, when the Anglican Mission, headecj by Rev. Copeland King, was labouring under the disadvantage of insufficient personnel, and before the Mission had been able to extend its stations along the N.E. coast, north of Cape Vogel.

As the Macdhui passed through Port Moresby from Samarai, a deputation of church members called on His Lordship to render their last service to their beloved bishop. They made a presentation to him as a memento of his long years of service in the territory.

Mr. Albert F. Ellis, British Phosphate Commissioner in New Zealand, arrived in Sydney from Auckland on March 13.

PEANUT CROP ON NORFOLK IS.

When he was in Sydney last year Mr. Charles Bennett, a well-known resident of Norfolk Is., interested himself in varieties of peanuts suitable for growing on the island. Since his return he has made various experiments. Portion of a crop, which he believes will bring added prosperity to N.I. settlers, is shown in the above picture, taken on his property “Reotahi.” 10 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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TEOPICALITIES THE suggestion put forward in this journal two or three years ago, that Australia might be glad to see Germany in New Guinea, to assist her in holding the South Seas against the thrusting power of Japan, has been advanced by several commentators recently. But the whole situation has been changed in the past year owing to the completion of a secret alliance or understanding between Germany and Japan. Defence is now the paramount consideration of British Imperial politics, and defence demands that New Guinea shall be very strongly held by Britain, and preferably, by Australia.

Its possible economic value to Germany is as nothing to its tremendous strategic importance to Australia.

Incidentally, German residents of Pacific Mandated Territories would be wise to guard their tongues more carefully. Some who have returned recently from Germany to New Guinea and Samoa have chattered very unwisely about “the future of the former German colonies.”

There is not an ounce of hostility for Germany remaining in British countries —on the contrary, one finds everywhere a growing wish for a closer relationship and very real admiration for Germany’s national spirit; but that does not mean that there is any future for those former German islands except under the British flag. It is simply a matter of self-preservation. The things that are happening in the Pacific to-day—the international manoeuvring for place and power— outweigh all such sentimental considerations as whether the Swastika flag shall fly over a few coconut trees in places where, until 1914, the Kaiser was the prevailing toast. * ♦ ♦ IT has been announced that Hurricane, the story written by Charles B, Nordhoff and James Norman Hall soon after the completion of their Bounty trilogy, is to be filmed in colour by Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer, which made such a success of the film Mutiny on the Bounty.

It is indicated that the star probably will be Merle Oberon. It is stated that Sam Goldwyn paid Messrs. Nordhoff and Hall £12,000 for the film rights of Hurricane. * * * WHERE is the statue of King Kamehameha, of Hawaii?

As the Hawaiian Islands are celebrating the 200th birthday anniversary of the great Hawaiian hero, the question is a legitimate one. However, if you put that question to almost any visitor or resident in Hawaii the answer undoubtedly will be that it is in front of the Judiciary building in Honolulu’s palace square.

But this statue is just a replica. The original stands at Kohala, island of Hawaii, which district is said to be the birthplace of the “Napoleon of the Pacific.”

Both statues were the work of Thomas R. Gould, an American artist who lived in Florence, Italy. The first statue ordered by the Hawaiian legislature in 1878, was being shipped on the German barque G. F. Handel, which was burned at sea and sank off the Falkland Islands.

The statue was insured and a replica was purchased and erected in Honolulu.

In the meantime a seafaring adventurer, Captain Jarvis, wandering ashore at Port Stanley, in the Falklands, was amazed to see a Polynesian statue, and soon identified it as a Sandwich Island king. As a gamble, he purchased it from the Falkland Islanders and brought Kamehameha —the original statue —to Hawaii, where he sold it for a slight profit: It still stands at Kohala, which is an interesting off-the-beaten-track section (the northern tip) of the Big Island. * * * MRS. BAYNES, widow of Captain H.

C. A. Baynes, R.N., who hoisted the British flag in Rarotonga when the Cook Islands were annexed to New Zealand in June, 1901, passed through Sydney recently from New Zealand on her way back to England. Because of the distinguished services of her husband, also those of her father, Admiral Sir Joseph Nias, K.C.8., the King has permitted Mrs. Baynes to reside in an apartment in Hampton Court Palace —an honour accorded to only a few.

Mrs. Baynes was in Sydney with her husband in 1901, when he received sealed orders to depart for the Pacific in H.M.S.

Mildura. At that time it was considered that the French had designs upon Rarotonga which had been under British protection since 1880. Following a visit In 1900 by the New Zealand Premier, Mr.

Seddon, it was decided, in consultation with the Imperial authorities, to make the Cook Islands a dependency of New Zealand. For some years a section of foreign residents on Rarotonga had clamoured for annexation.

Mrs. Baynes had still another link with the Pacific. Captain Nias, her father, was in command of H.M.S. Herald, the vessel on which Captain William Hobson, R.N., left Sydney early in 1840 to proclaim British sovereignty at the Bay of Islands, N.Z. Unfortunately, their personal relations were marred by several unfortunate incidents. It does seem extraordinary that the daughter of a man who witnessed the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi should still be living. The explanation is that Nias married a woman 35 years his junior when he was more than 60 years old himself.—E.R.

Fijian Chiefly Families United

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Mar. 1.

A WEDDING of great interest to the Fijian people was quietly celebrated at the Jubilee Methodist Church on February 18, when Ratu Edward Tuivanuavou Cakobau was married to Adi Vasemace Tuiburelevu. The native minister Rev. Aminisitai Tora performed the ceremony.

The bride and bridegroom both are members of chiefly families of Bau. After the wedding there were the usual native presentations associated with marriage from members of both clans.

Ratu Edward leaves this month for England where he will be one of the representatives of the Fiji Defence Force at the Coronation.

Mr. J. Burston, of Messrs. Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., arrived in Sydney from Rabaul, New Guinea, by the Malaita in February. 11 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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About Islands People

Mr. M. Laborde, editor of La Franc* Australe at Noumea, arrived in Sydney from New Caledonia by the Pierre Loti on February 8.

Mr. A. McKenzie, education officer in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, has been appointed to the position of Director of Education in Western Samoa, in succession to Mr. D. A. J. Rutherford.

Mr. Charles Lumley, a well-known pearl-buyer, of the Trobriand Islands, Eastern Papua, has been seriously ill for some time. _ Mr. R. D. Blandy, Assistant British Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney in February by the Pierre Loti on his way to England on seven months’ leave.

Mr. C. B. B. Hill, planter of Labasa, hij! who arrived in Sydney recently on short furlough by the Fiona, returned to Suva by the February Aorangi. It was his first visit to Sydney in 34 years.

I atrol Officer C. J. Adamson, who accompanied Mr. Ivan Champion on his recent long and difficult trek through the mtenor of Western Papua, left Port Moresby in March by the Van Rees for the East and England. He has been granted three months’ special leave and this, added to his furlough alreadv due, will enable him to make an extended visit land h ° me countr y in Devonshire, Eng- 1, M /‘ and D. R. McDonald, formery of Suva. Fiji, sailed from Brisbane for Tulagi, 8.5.1., by the Malaita on March 6. Having been Deputy Registrar of the ■"D* Supreme Court for some years, Mr.

McDonald has now been transferred to the Solomon Islands to be Chief Magistrate and Legal Adviser.

Mr. James Norman Hall, the American author now resident in Tahiti, who has won fame with the “Bounty” trilogy written in collaboration with Mr. Charles B Nordhoff, returned to Papeete at the end of February by the Hauraki, after a visit to the United States and Canada He was accompanied by his wife and two children.

Captain J. F. Thompson, master of the Burns, Philp inter-island steamer Maiwara, arrived in Sydney from Rabaul, New Guinea, on long leave by the March Macdhui. He was accompanied by his small son Grant.

Mr. W. E. Hancock, Fiji manager of the Union Steam Ship Co., sailed from Suva early in March for America on furlough. Until he returns at the end of May, Mr. Hancock is being relieved by Mr. D. A. Butler, manager of the Union Co.’s office at Apia, Western Samoa.

Monsieur Doley, councillor to the Court of Appeal in the French colony of Reunion, has been appointed judge of the Mixed Tribunal of the Condominium of the New Hebrides. He is replacing M.

Janvier, who has been seconded to the Magisterial Service in French Indo- China.

Mrs. E. H. Chester, wife of the assistant manager at Lolorua Plantation, Kairuku District, Papua, died suddenly at her home on February 2. She had been in the Territory for a number of years, having arrived as a young girl with her parents, the late well-known Mr. H. H.

Harbord and Mrs. Harbord.

Mrs. V. B. Pennefather, of Tokua Plantation, Kokopo, New Guinea, sailed from Sydney for Rabaul by the Neptuna on February 24, She was accompanied by her mother, Mrs. J. W. Lamb, of Cessnock, N.S.W. 12 acl *' c Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Proprietor - - Campbell M. Smith Mr. Ellis H. Davies, chief engineer of Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, departed from Sydney for Fiji by the Monterey early in March. He will spend a week or so on the Tavua goldfield inspecting the installation of machinery and plant at the Emperor and Loloma mines, to which he is consulting engineer.

Rev. A. S. Jones, who has charge of the Methodist Mission’s Kabakada Circuit in New Britain, married Miss Hazel Carr in Sydney on March 6. With his bride, he returned to Rabaul by the Macdhui on March 17.

Monsieur Sautot, who has been Acting Governor of French Oceania for some time, departed from Papeete en route to Vila by the Ville de Verdun on March 18 to take the post of French Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides.

Captain F. C. Rennels, of the New Guinea Mission’s schooner Maclaren King, reached Sydney from Samarai, Papua, by the Macdhui in the middle of March.

His wife and child arrived by the same vessel.

Rev. Father Boch, a Marist missionary who has been working at Kieta, Bougainville, New Guinea, for many years, arrived in Australia by the Van Rees during February.

Miss Ivy Lapthorne, of Cheltenham, Victoria, sailed from Sydney by the Monterey on March 5 for Suva, Fiji.

Formerly a missionary teacher, she has rejoined the staff of the Methodist Mission.

Mr. J. Pollard, who has been prospecting for gold during recent months in the new area near Wewak, North-east New Guinea, arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui on March 11. He said that there are now more than 200 men opening up the new goldfield.

Miss Norma Winterbottom, who recently completed a course of nursing at the Australian Board of Mission’s training hostel for women at Epping, N.S.W., departed from Sydney on March 6 by the Malaita for the Solomon Islands. She will be attached to the Melanesian Mission’s hospital staff at Fauabu, on the island of Malaita.

Dr. C. M. Dawson, who is the only private medical practitioner in Samoa, probably will be appointed eye specialist and consulting surgeon at the Apia Government Hospital. Dr. Dawson enjoys the confidence of the European and native population and is a popular and successful surgeon, of great experience.

Miss I. Emert, of Chatswood, N.S.W., sailed from Sydney by the February Aorangi to take up duties as a voluntary teacher at the Methodist Mission’s Ballantine Memorial School for Girls at Suva, Fiji.

Mr. Norman Draper, formerly mine accountant of Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine Ltd. at Misima Island, Eastern Papua, has been appointed local secretary of the company.

Mr. G. A. Loudon, president of the Planters’ Association of Papua, arrived in Sydney from the territory by the Van Rees on February 23, to make representations to the Federal Government on behalf of Papuan rubber-growers.

Mr. Frederick E. Johnson, Treasurer and Collector of Customs in the British Solomon Islands, left Sydney for Tulagi after furlough by the Malaita on March 6.

Mr. A. C. Hancock sailed from Sydney for Lord Howe Island by the Morinda on March 4. He is secretary of the Gower Wilson Memorial Committee and will

(Continued On Next Page)

13 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 25, 1P57

About Islands People

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Mr. W. J. Craig, Inspector for Messrs.

Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd., departed from Sydney by the Malaita on March 6 on a three months’ visit of inspection to the Solomon Islands.

Madame Chatenay, accompanied by her daughter and son, reached Sydney by the Pierre Loti from New Caledonia in February to spend three months’ holiday before returning to their home at Noumea.

Dr. Allan Rutter has been designated by the New Zealand Methodist Church as the Mission’s new doctor in the Solomon Islands field.

Mr. W. H. Carpenter, Islands manager for W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., arrived in Sydney by the Chansrte on March 3, after a business visit to Thursday Island.

Mr. Walter F. Smith, of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd., New Guinea, sailed from Salamaua by the Neptuna early in March for China. He will then go on to America to spend furlough in California.

Mr. H. W. Hardy, Registrar of the Central Court at Port Moresby, Papua, is at present spending nine months’ leave in Australia.

Rev. Wallace Deane, M.A., 8.D., was elected president of the New South Wales Methodist Conference held in Sydney in February. He is well known in Islands mission circles, having served in Fiji from 1907 until 1916, during three years of which he was principal of the Teachers’ Training College at Davuilevu.

In collaboration with Rev. J. W. Burton (General Secretary of the Methodist Mission), Mr. Deane recently published the book, “A Hundred Years in Fiji.” Other Pacific books written by him include “Fijian Society” and “The Strange Adventures of a Whale’s Tooth.” Mr. Deane edited the autobiography of the late Rev.

Benjamin Danks, published in 1933 under the title of “In Wild New Britain.” Mrs.

Deane is the daughter of the late Mr.

Danks, who served primitive New Britain for the Methodist Mission from 1878 until 1886.

Archdeacon and Mrs. R. de Voil, of the Melanesian Mission, departed from Rabaul, New Guinea, at the end of February on their way to England to spend eight months’ vacation. Rev.

James Burge is acting' as Anglican minister at St. George’s Church, Rabaul, during their absence.

Mr. Walter (“Pat”) Blane Burston, who for several years was a well-known and popular resident of Rabaul, New Guinea, where he was a clerk with Messrs. W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., died in Sydney in February, at the age of 33.

Mr. J. C. Barley, Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, arrived in Suva from the Gilberts by H.M.S, Leith in February. He had been summoned to Fiji by the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific (Sir Arthur Richards) to confer with Mr. A.

Gaye, of the British Board of Phosphate Commissioners.

Mr. David Riley, a well-known halfcaste resident of Levuka, died on February 2 at the age of 77. Mr. Riley was an agriculturist, and for many years conducted a plantation on Naigani Island.

Mr. Ernest Whitehouse, Senior Medical Assistant in the service of the Papuan Administration, who recently was stationed at Misima Island, is now on long leave in Australia with his wife and daughter. After a visit to South Australia, they were spending holidays in Melbourne in mid-March. Mr. Whitehouse was formerly in the Trobriand Islands for 10 years in a magisterial capacity. Mrs. Whitehouse was at one time a missionary sister in the service of the Methodist Church in Papua. 14 March 23, 1937 Pacific Islands Monthly,

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Menace of Whale Oil Antarctic Whales Soon Will Be Wiped Out T'HE significance of what is happening * in the Antarctic should not be lost sight of in the tropical Pacific.

The chief factor in bringing copra prices tumbling down by £3 or £4 per ton recently was a well founded report that Japanese and German whaling expeditions had secured huge quantities of whale oil in the Antarctic; and the buyers of copra used this information effectively against sellers, for a few days.

British and Norwegian whalers made an agreement, last year, to try to restrict killing and save the Antarctic whales; but the Japanese have not accepted any such consideration, and their expeditions are now very active in the south. Germany also is planning a big expansion of her whale oil production next season and it was reported during the month that she is trying to buy two British steamers for conversion into floating oil factories.

This thing definitely threatens the stability of the copra market; but it will not last very long. It was reported from Melbourne in February that Captain J. K.

Davis, Commonwealth Director of Navigation, who has been a member of many expeditions to Antarctica, predicted the almost complete extinction of whales in the Antarctic within a few years, because of unrestricted killing by Japanese fleets.

Captain Davis was commenting on a message from Japan, stating that a Japanese whaling firm had placed an order for a whaling factory ship of 21,000 tons, and a fleet of chasers to supplement the large squadron of Japanese whalers now operating in the Southern Ocean.

“To preserve the whaling grounds of the world 28 British and Norwegian whaling companies formed an agreement to protect the industry through the regulation of catches and of seasons,” said Captain Davis. “The Japanese and German companies disregard this agreement, and operate when and how they pldase.

At present, a large fleet of Japanese craft is operating in the Southern Ocean, and there is little doubt that whales in Antarctic waters will be almost extinct within a few years. The whaling industry is doomed already. The northern grounds have been fished out because of this unrestricted killing, and the southern grounds will soon follow.

“Any suggestion that Australia should enter now into the Antarctic whaling industry is ridiculous,” Captain Davis continued. “If Australia had realised the potentialities 15 years ago, it would have been wise to do so then. Now it is too late.”

Mr. J. K. Twycross, manager at Rabaul for Amalgamated Wireless (A’sia) Ltd., departed from Sydney for New Britain by the Nankin in mid-February. He was accompanied by his wife and children.

Rev. C. W. Whonsbon-Aston, formerly of Levuka, Fiji, who is now an Anglican missionary in Eastern Papua, arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui on March 11.

Total Trade

1935 1936 £ £ Imports 1,257,287 1,501,854 Exports 1,820,396 2,135,427 3,077.683 3,637.281 IMPORTS 1935 1936 £ £ Value 1,257,287 1,501.854 Duty 357.215 418,757 Wharfage 10.317 12,684 Tonnage duty 2,963 3,207 Chromium Finish owes its great popularity to its refined appearance and non-tarnishable nature. It is an excellent wearing surface and peculiarly adapted for good quality brushes for which a long life may be expected.

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"Pierre Loti" Held Up By Strike

AT NOUMEA THE Messageries Maritimes Company’s steamer Pierre Loti was held up at Noumea, New Caledonia, at the end of February by a shipping strike which lasted six days.

The strike was a protest against the position of 22 New Caledonian sailors, which was inferior to that of the French sailors of the same ship despite the fact that all members of the crew were under the jurisdiction of the same marine board in France. The French seamen on board the Pierre Loti struck in support of the New Caledonians.

On February 25 an agreement was reached in Paris between the M.M. Company and the Marseilles Sailors’

Syndicate which declared that the sailors on the Pierre Loti had only the right to a local contract. The vessel sailed for Sydney the following night, omitting her voyage to the New Hebrides.

Typhoid In Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 19.

A NUMBER of cases of typhoid fever are at present under treatment at the Apia Government Hospital. All these cases come from the locality of Vailima and Papauta.

In this connection an urgent request has been submitted to the Administration to install immediately a proper filter system in the Apia water supply, in order to safeguard public health. The request is supported by the United Progressive Party and the European elected members of the Legislative Council.

Mr. A. E. Howard, District Commissioner of Taveuni, Fiji, has been transferred to Lautoka.

Fiji's Sound Trade Position Turnover Increased By Half Million From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 16.

AN extremely sound position is disclosed by the trade figures of Fiji for 1936, recently published in the Royal Gazette. The trade of the Colony for 1936 exceeded that of 1935 by £559.598.

Increases were accounted for principally by rises in the exports of copra, bananas, sugar, and molasses. An increase of £77,675 in the value of gold exported helped materially to improve the trade position. Incidentally, the rise in gold production serves to show the steady progress that has been made by ihe main operating concern on the Tavua goldfield —namely, Emperor Goldmining Co. Ltd.

The principal trade figures were as follows: — EXPORTS Exports for 1936 (with 1935 figures shown in parentheses), were:— Sugar: 140,864 tons (135,638 tons) : £1,331,701 (£1,314.128).

Copra: 34.582 tons (27.296 tons) ; £406,393 (£230,263). . _ .

Bananas: 19,849 bunches (16,137 bunches) : 150,147 cases (143,495 cases) ; £84,548 (£66,863).

Molasses: 22,576 tops (16,545 tons) ; £22.576 <£ fiold: (6,9230 z.) ; £131,684 (£54,009).

Trochus shell: 185 tons (298 tons); £14.305 (£20,226).

Other articles: £144,220 (£118,362).

Total; £2.135,427 (£1.820.396). 17 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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\ SYDNEY resident who recently visited New Caledonia says that the manner in which the Japanese are taking possession of the retail trades there is alarming. Japanese goods are pouring into the French colony, and Japanese retailers are growing in numbers and are taking an ever-increasing proportion of the distributing business from the Europeans.

Some time ago, the French captured three Japanese sampans who were poaching shell, and brought them to Noumea.

They are still in Noumea, and so are their crews, and as neither the French nor Japanese Governments will accept responsibility for the repatriation of the latter, it appears as if the Japanese crews are to be added to the Japanese community in New Caledonia.

Radio listeners in the Solomon Islands report good daylight reception from formerly inadequate sets since the new service from Station 4QN, Queensland, has been available.

Privations on Schooner Lost in Pacific for 65 Days of the terrible privations experienced by 27 men, women, and children aboard a trading schooner which was lost in the Pacific for more than two months, reached Melbourne recently through the British Phosnhate Commissioners’ station at Nauru.

The Regina , a Japanese fore-and-aft schooner of 75 tons, left Kwajalong Island with passengers and cargo bound for Wotho Atoll, 100 miles distant. The journey should have taken little more than 12 hours, as a large portion of it could have been accomplished within sight of land.

The captain, however, lost his bearings, and for weeks the schooner drifted helplessly, out of sight of land. The cargo consisted of rice, and while passengers and crew used this for food, the water supply became short. All hands were*in danger of death by thirst, when water was caught in the sails during a rain squall. After that, men, women, and children existed for days on scanty rations.

After drifting for more than six weeks the Regina was caught in a typhoon, and under storm canvas she was blown miles out of her course.

After she had been at sea for 65 days the craft drifted past Nauru, an island in the Gilbert Group. A boat was sent out to investigate and on boarding the schooner the crew found 27 persons lying on the deck exhausted or unconscious.

The Regina was towed to moorings at Nauru, and thanks to the care of the staff of the British Phosphate Commissioners, all survived.

Murder In Fiji

Woman Killed With Axe Blow From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 16.

Ty/fRS RENTE BRERETON, the 48-yearsold wife of Mr. James Brereton, aged 84, of Tivi Island, near Labasa, was murdered late in January. Her head was split open by a blow from an axe.

Mrs. Brereton, who was of Indian extraction, lived alone on the island with her husband. When Mr. Brereton returned to the house on January 27, he found that his wife was missing. After a search he discovered her body, and set out immediately for Labasa for assistance. On his return, Mr. Brereton found that the house had been ransacked and a sum of money stolen.

The police took the matter in hand, and an 18-years-old Indian named Ramasamy has since been arrested and charged with the crime.

Mr. H. J. Topal, who has been doing medical patrol duties in New Guinea, arrived in Sydney on leave by the Montoro in mid-February. He was accompanied by his seven-years-old son David, who now will attend school in Australia. 18 Pacific Islands Monthly. March 23, 19 3 7

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Tribal Markings Of Dutch

New Guinea Girl

Suva Yacht Club

Governor's Interest In Popular Fiji Sport From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 20.

IF the muster of boats at the official opening of the Suva Yacht Club s season at Nukulau Island on February 7 is any criterion, 1937 is going to be a boom year for this young and flourishing club.

Twenty-three yachts turned out for the opening, in addition to some 20 launches.

While these figures may not seem large compared with clubs overseas, it has to be remembered that the club came into being only at the end of 1932. In little over four years the progress has been remarkable.

His Excellency the Governor, Sir Arthur Richards, is a keen yachtsman, and has accepted the office of club patron.

Mr. W. B. Hancock, recently re-elected for a second term as commodore, is a tower of strength to the club, and has done much to bring it to its present strong financial position.

His Excellency was at Nukulau for the season’s opening and, in declaring it open, expressed the hope that the club would soon possess its own club house — an object which the committee has had in hand for some time and is directing all its efforts toward. His Excellency’s interest is expected to give the sport a big fillip this season.

Signs are already apparent that it will be a record year in every way. Seven new boats have taken the water, and five more are at present being built, so that the end of this year should see a fleet of some size on the harbour.

With innumerable small islands within easy and safe reach of Suva, Fiji is really a yachtsman’s paradise, and there is no reason why the club should not become a very important one in future years.

Still No Administrator

IN SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 20.

WESTERN SAMOA is still without an Administrator, as the New Zealand Government, for reasons unknown, has not appointed a successor to General Hart, who relinquished the position in August 1935. The Acting Administrator, Mr. A. C. Turnbull, has departed for New Zealand, and Dr. P. J. Monaghan, C.M.0., is Acting Administrator pro tem.

Tribal marks on the back of a native girl, Dutch New Guinea. These terrible scars are produced by cutting the flesh with pointed bamboos, and then rubbing ashes into the wounds. —Photo: W. H. Potts. 19 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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“ Inverbank’S ” Fire

From Our Own Correspondent .

APIA, Feb. 20.

A RECORD auction sale of damaged merchandise, landed at Apia from the S.S. Inverhank, which caught fire in December last when on the way to Nukualofa (Tonga) was held here on February 5 and 6. The goods, mostly in fairly good condition, realised exceptionally high prices.

The Inverhank was reported to have got on fire a second time, after leaving Apia. She carried large cargoes of copra and cocoabeans, shipped from Apia.

Mr. P. Drayson, manager of Dylup Plantation, returned to Madang, New Guinea, by the February Montoro.

Moonlight In The Vale

OF WAU Some Reflections By "Mowgli" 117 E all have heard of the Edie Creek ** miner who entered Ushers’, trailing behind him a tiger on a leash. He ordered a neat “metho,” with a dash of nails; and, later, becoming maudlin, he began to weep. When asked the reason for his sorrow He replied that he had been refused the cameraderie of Edie Creek because of his effeminate nature.

The moral of the tale is that Edie Creek is a tough spot, where only the toughest survive.

There, and on the goldfields generally, any marked expression of sentiment is a violation of the miners’ unwritten code, and a sign of weakness. Should an unthinking newcomer make the remark: “What a beautiful sunset!”, the scornful reply (if any) would probably be “another bibody hot day tomorrow!”

It has been said that there is at least five per cent of good in the worst of us and, by the same argument, I maintain that there is at least five per cent of sentiment and appreciation of beauty in the hardest-boiled miner in Morobe, despite his grim exterior. But he would rather die than admit it.

If I am found out. I shall soon be breasting the bar at Ushers’ with our effeminate friend. It seems that I have considerably more than my five per cent of sentiment, for I never look upon the Vale of Wau by moonlight, but I indulge myself in a fantasy of dreaming and reflection. Lady Moon spreads her unearthly radiance all around and, as though in appreciation, myriads of insects double the volume of their chirpings. The voice of Nature otherwise is muted; all is quiet and still;, not even the rustle of a night breeze in the kunai grass.

Across the valley a few scattered lights are twinkling, and for a little while my thoughts dwell with those lonely people who have cut themselves off from conventional life. Below their camps, a line of fleecy cloud hangs motionless over the waters of the Bulolo River, running the full length of the valley. Faintly, I can hear the river’s low lullaby. My eye follows the band of cloud, and loses it in the shadowy ridges towards the east, where nestle a number of native villages whose inhabitants live the same primitive existence as their fore-fathers in spite of the nearness of modern Europeans and their achievements.

Strains of music arise suddenly from Wau, to smother the sweeter voice of the river. The houses and buildings appear so close that I could throw a stone on to many of the roofs. The hotels, theatres, and dwellings are ablaze with light and, taken as a whole, look for all the world like brilliant gems resting on a black velvet ground. The music is from a gramophone, and the tune one of “Bing’s” latest. Occasionally, like forked lightning, the arcs of the talkie-picture 20 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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I seek again the comfort of the hills and the moonlight, and my gaze rests on the other end of the line of cloud— above Koranga Creek —a name to conjure with on the Morobe goldfield. It was here the Big Six made history, and for a time I make a sentimental journey into the past and live for a few moments with Shark-eye and his comrades, the men who pioneered Morobe.

“What changes have taken place since those days,” I think. Yet, looking towards the gap, with its lone pine silhouetted against the dusty blue of the sky, I suppose that the jungle below has probably not altered since Shark-eye looked upon it. And yet, by daylight, over this jungle, aeroplanes fly endlessly to and fro —a modern commercial highway over a primitive jungle.

Before retiring, I take a final look at the aerodrome. It is large and deserted, except for a few resting planes, ghost-like in their tarpaulin coverings. Perhaps, if I look long enough, I will see dark human shapes take life, running, gesticulating, and throwing spears. Can they be the shades of natives returning to what was once their happy hunting ground.

Meditations over, I am left with a sense of peace and contentment, for to me the beauty of a moonlight night in Wau more than compensates for the handicaps and sacrifices which life on the goldfields imposes.

Suva Town Board Must Vote

As It'S Told

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 23.

THE position of official members of the Suva Town Board was made c’ear by the chairman (Dr. V. W. T. McGusty) at the last meeting. It is virtually that official members must vote as they are instructed, in the same manner as official members of the Legislative Council do.

The question arose when the chairman stated that the official side would be unable to accept a certain motion.

Mr. Alport Barker then asked if he were to understand from the chairman’s remarks that official members were to vote as they were told. He had understood from the former Governor. Sir Murchison Fletcher, when the Board was formed that official members were to have a free voice.

Dr. McGusty replied that the position now was that official members had to vote as they were ordered unless a question was put to the open vote of the Board.

Peni V. B. Tuidraki, Native Medical Practitioner, who received his medical training at the Central Medical School, Fiji, sailed from Sydney for the New Hebrides by the Morinda in February.

A "Miracle" Play In

RAROTONGA From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Feb. 12.

ON February 3, the combined London Missionary Society’s district organisations staged their annual nuku in the mission grounds at Ngatangiia village.

A nuku may perhaps best be described as a bowdlerised version of the mediaeval “miracle” plays, and as such usually contains a number of unrehearsed effects which add, if not to the comfort of the actors, then certainly to the amusement of the audience. Fortunately, however, they do not, like the ancient plays, last eight days.

At Wednesday’s presentation some half dozen scenes were enacted from Old Testament history, each village contributing one item, several of which being in the vernacular and highly pantomimic were rather difficult to follow.

At a nuku given a few years ago one of the actors was assigned the part of an angel who descended from heaven. For this purpose a length of wire had been secured to the top of a coconut tree and the actor, complete with traditional feathers, took up a position aloft to await his cue. At an arranged signal jr.hose below slacked away on the line ami the “angel” started earthward. To the delight of the spectators his descent grew faster and faster. Winded and dishevelled, the wretched “angel” croaked his message and was then jerked skywards again!

At last week’s display, however, there were no highlights or fallen angels—at least not of the feathered variety.

Twenty-six Nauruan scouts, whose ages ranged from 13 to 17, returned to their homes from Melbourne at the beginning of March after a two months’ visit to Australia. They attended the Corroboree which was part of the recent South Australian Centenary celebrations. 21 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Melanesian Missionary Lost At Sea VI/'HILE travelling between the Reef ** Islands and Utupua, Santa Cruz Group, Eastern Solomons, in a whale boat, fitted with a small engine and sail, Rev. George West, of the Melanesian Mission, was lost at sea on January 19.

Joining the Mission from his home town, Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1913, Mr. West was sent to the Solomon Islands as a carpenter. After 12 years of service he entered St. John’s College, Auckland, to train for the priesthood. In 1925, he was ordained a deacon and became a priest the following year. Taking as his station the Reef Group, he went to the Mission’s loneliest outpost, and served there continuously until the time of his death.

The Sydney secretary of the Melanesian Mission (Major H. S. Robinson) stated that Mr. West had done exceedingly valuable work in the Solomon Islands, both in his capacity as a carpenter in the early days of his association with the Mission and as a devoted missionary among the people of the isolated Reef Islands, “He was a particularly modest and unassuming type of man,” said Mr. Robinson, “and few knew the real extent and worth of his labours in the Group.”

Unconventional Scientist in New Hebrides The Unpleasant Habits of The Big Nambus and reverend seigneurs, travelling in the New Hebrides about 1935, were gravely upset by the spectacle of a young Englishman who moved about in the apparel and habits of a native.

They said he was destroying “white prestige”; but they admitted they cou-d not expect much better, because he was “an irresponsible scientific Johnny, liable to do anything.”

The gentleman was Mr Tom Harrisson, who went with the Oxford Expedition to the New Hebrides, in 1932-4, as a biologist, and then stayed on in Malekula, where he lived on terms of great friendship with the Big Nambus, a race of virile, warring, evil-smelling cannibals.

He gained their confidence by living as they lived, eating the things they ate, sleeping under the same rather horrible conditions. However, he was only 21 in 1932, so we must not judge him too harshly, Mr. Harrisson has written a racy account of his adventures, Savage Civilisation, published recently in London. There appear to be no copies in Australia. The following are taken from a recent newspaper review: Cannibalism in Malekula follows a rule of ritual, not of hunger. After a battle, in which three or four foemen may be slain, it is the correct thing to eat soma of the victims; and every member of the tribe must take a portion under com pulsion, Mr Harrisson was not granted an exemption by his friends the Big Nambus.

“The taste is like that of tender pork, rather sweet. Some men are noted flesh lovers, and eat as much as a whole limb.

I have known only one man who definitely hungered after human flesh; he had eaten more than 100 legs. In general a small helping is enough, for this is a very filling food. The inner part of the thigh ana the head, are the greater delicacies.”

The proper cuisine for this dainty faro is to bake it wrapped in leaves in a native oven for some hours.

Young Harrisson roved a’one and unarmed round northern Malekula, into which the authority of wh te Government scarcely penetrates. Sometimes he walked into a tribal war, but he escaped being baked in leaves, and on at least one occasion he was able to fix up what he calls “a damned-fool peace.” He accomplished this prcctocol between tribes without the aid of kava , but he gives kava a high standard as a pacifist instrument.

“You don’t get drunk on kava. But it speeds up your increasing slowness.

Thoughts come cleanly. You feel friendly; not beer sentimental; never cross. The world gains no new colour or rose tint; it fits in its pieces, and is one easily understandable who e . . . You cannot hate, with kava in you. And so it is used in the making-up of quarrels and in peace-making. It would change the face of Geneva.” 22 Pacific Islands Monthly, Mar q h 23, 1937

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Tom grew a year’s beard on his chin, but became more remarkable for the shock of unshorn hair which fell round his shoulders. He was in this condition when he travelled on the inter-island steamer, and caused something of a sensation. This hirsute glory fascinated the Big Nambus women. Their head-dress, which they never remove, is made of purple-stained matting, with unplaited ends falling in a purple cascade of artificial hair down shoulders and back, as far as the waist.

“A sure wow for me was to jerk my head to and fro, sending hair to cover all my face and then clear it again. The women would go half crazy with interest until their jealous husbands got too jealous. There are bits of my hair, yanked suddenly out of my scalp, all over the plateau, maybe still being worn by some romantic maidens, next to their woolly, lousy heads.”

This part of the book is crammed, of course, with close observations. The morals of Malekula are not those of Mosman. A page is written concerning the gross rites which initiate youths into manhood. At the culmination “this night is the one for the women. Let go!

They have the right to rape, or anything else, every man in that place. They do just that.” Savage vices combine the pleasures of Solomon with those of A'cibiades. Nesai, chieftain of Amok, has 40 wives and six ephebes.

Pioneer Of The Gilberts

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 16.

MANY residents of Western Samoa were grieved to learn of the death recently of Mr. G. M. Murdoch, of the Gilbert and Ellice Group, announced in the December P.I.M. He had many friends in this territory, his closest being Captain C. Doughty, Mr. Paul Hoeflich, Mr.

H. N. Newton, and Mr. G. E. L. Westbrook. Mr. Murdoch was born at Dalbettie, Scotland, in 1860.

Mr. Murdoch had resided in the Gilberts since the 80’s, having been a trader and,* later, a Government official.

Thoroughly conversant with the language, he was a keen student of native folklore and history.

Mr. Hoeflich, of Apia, who hvd regularly corresponded with Mr. Murdoch during the past 25 years, was at one time in partnership with him in a trading venture in the Gilbert Group.

Double Tragedy In Fiji

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Feb. 8.

A DOUBLE tragedy occurred recently at Ra, on the northern side of Viti Levu.

Abel Ramchandra, 27, an Indian school master at Wairuku, and the wife of an Indian named Rupnarayan Maharaj, were found dead from gunshot wounds.

The police state that Ramchandra was discovered dead in his bed and that the body of the woman was found near a well in the neighbourhood of Wairuku School.

Fiji’S Governor On

THE JOB From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 22.

HIS Excellency the Governor, Sir Arthur Richards, has not wasted any time in becoming acquainted with the main centres of the Colony. During the last few weeks, he has spent a strenuous time visiting centres on Viti Levu.

Accompanied by the Secretary for Indian Affairs (Dr. V. W. T. McGusty),and the Acting Secretary for Native Affairs (Mr. H. C. Monckton), His Excellency visited the Northern and Western Districts, covering Ba, Lautoka, Nadi, Sigatoka, and Nadarivatu. Nearer home, he paid a visit along the new road to Navua, and has also officially called at Nausori and the Naduruloulou Government station.

At all points His Excellency has been welcomed by representative gatherings of Europeans, Fijians, and Indians, and on each occasion he has addressed the gathering.

It is presumed that only the fact that the Government yacht Pioneer is on the slip undergoing an extensive overhaul and survey prevents His Excellency visiting other islands of the Group, Dr. A. H. B. Pearce, Director of Medical Services in Fiji, returned to Suva recently after a short health trip to New Zea’and. 23 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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B.S.I. Copra Shipments Delayed

From Our Own Correspondent TULAGI, Feb. 14. 1 jCHE slight fall in the price of copra , bas not disheartened planters as it might have, as medium prices had come to bg regarded almost as normal. The recent few weeks of almost soaring prices gave a decided lift to Solomon planters, as much mental as actual.

The pity of it is that quite a lot of copra could not be shipped when prices were high, owing to inclement weather.

Much of it is still lying on the beach, depreciating in weight, and, if the present trend continues, depreciating in market price value every Monday morning.

An Inland Nation Is Training Sailors From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 2. nPHE Polish training ship Bar Pomorza *• arrived at Papeete from Honolulu early in January and departed on January 15 for Buenos Aires, via Cape Horn.

This vessel —a three-masted square rigged sailing ship carries about 200 cadets who are being trained for the merchant service after the old manner of instruction in sail. Poland, like Finland, evidently believes that sailing vessels are not yet obsolete and that the way to make mariners is to train them in the old methods of navigation.

Dad'S Journey

I NEVER growled and never fussed, but lived ' here calm an’ still.

For 70 years I lived here on the hill in Wombatville.

“Don’t live here like a snail,” said Dave, “within yer small shell curled.

“I’ll pay yer fare to Nauru Isle, an’ let yer see the world."

An’ so I got on board the ship an’ whirled off like a breeze.

But all I see upon the trip was dirt and ropes n’ grease; Sea-water, rocks, an’ sich-like things, sometimes a bird an’ hill.

Sez I to Dave, “All these ’ere things I see in Wombatville.”

We saw the Canterlever, that caused so much loud moot, An* saw a mess er phosphate kinder tumbling from a shoot; “If you spill some sugar from a spoon,” sez I to Dave, sez I, “Tis ’zactly the same principle,” as Dave could not deny.

We walked along the Topside an’ Dave said, “1 call this grand.”

“They’re nought,” sez I, “but great big hunks of rock an’ dirt an’ sand.”

We then came to the harbour, an’ it made Dave look perfound.

But I sez, “I don’t see nothin’ but some water sloshing round,”

We went to several villages--there’s nothin’ there to see.

But just er mess er houses an’ some folks like you an’ me; An’ last we see the wireless mast. Sez Dave, “How’s this for high?”

Sez I, “It’s jest like Wombatville—the same ol’ thing,” sez I.

Nauru F.H.D,

Fijian Bandsmen Win Trophies

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 22.

T'O encourage members of the Fijian * Defence Force Band in efficiency a cup was presented last year by Mr David Riemenschneider, proprietor of the Hotel Metropole, for the best all-round bandsman.

The competition evoked great interest among the Fijians and was keen throughout. The winner was Bandsman Vilitate Vavaitamana, with 214 points, and the runner-up Corporal Jokatama Tuikaba, only one point behind.

Announcing the result, Major C. B.

Joske, Acting Commandant of the Defence Force, announced he would give a special trophy to the bandsman who had the best attendance during the year. This was won by R. Saimone, who had attended on every one of the 140 occasions on which the band had practised or paraded.

Mr. Dutchie Low, son of Captain and Mrs. Low, of Suva. Fiji, married Miss Emily Barrett at the Sacred Heart Cathedral, Suva, in February. They sailed later by the Tui Cakau on a honeymoon trip to the Lau Group.

Mr. A. A. Ragg, Assistant Director of Public Works in Fiji, arrived in Sydney from Suva by the Esperance Bay in the middle of February en route to England on leave.

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Japanese Eyes On Dutch New Guinea

Leasing Plan Not Well Received In Holland THE following newspaper despatches tell their own story.

The following, from Tokio, was published in Sydney on March 1: “It was suggested in Parliament that Japan should conclude a non-aggression pact with Holland.

“It was also suggested that Japan should approach Holland for permission to lease Dutch New Guinea.

“The Premier (General Hayashi) replied that the matter would be studied. adding that Japan had no territorial ambitions in the Dutch East Indies.”

The following was published in Sydney on March 3: — The correspondent of The Times at The Hague states: “Tf the fox preaches religion the farmer should protect his geese,’ is a Dutch proverb summarising the attitude of the local newspapers towards the Japanese suggestion that Japan should lease Dutch New Guinea for settlement. The suggestion has aroused indignation throughout the country.

“Newspapers angrily declare that the discussion of the lease of Dutch territory is out of the question. ‘Moreover,’ it is added, ‘the Japanese are untrustworthy, and will use every method, even the most secret and crooked, in the pursuit of their aims.’

“The Telegraff declares that Dutch New Guinea is of no commercial value to the Japanese, and that the only Japanese settlement there is a failure.

“The newspapers are unanimous that the only value Dutch New Guinea has for Japan is military. Its peaceful penetration would eventually create a situation intolerable to Britain and the United States, the newspapers declare.”

According to a message from The Hague, received in London on March 2, it ig authoritatively stated that a pact between the Netherlands and Japan is not in line with Dutch policy, and that the granting of land concessions in Dutch New Guinea will only be considered in- (jividually and not collectively,

Minister’S Visit To Batavia

rpjjE following was despatched from 1 Tokio on March The Asahi says: “The proposals to lease Dutch New Guinea and to achieve the colonisation and economic penetration of the Dutch East Indies await the return the Mr. Kuwashima, the new Japanese Minister to Holland, who is now going to Batavia to discuss the situation with Government officers; and, it is reported, to allay fears of Japanese aggression.”

Dutch New Guinea As It Is To-Day

THE following article was written for the “Pacific Islands Monthly,” in January lust, hy Mr. William H. Potts, a young Englishman, mho left Sydney late last year with the American, Dwight Long, in the ketch “Idle Hour”. They parted company in Papua, and Mr. Potts subsequently wandered through the Trobriands, New Guinea and Dutch New Guinea.

IN modern times, when wireless has almost annihilated distance, there still remains a land which is a closed book to much of the outside world Dutch New Guinea.

It is not on account of its size, however, that it has been overlooked, for it has an area of 120,000 square miles and more; but it has provided its own barriers to man’s invasion, with its uncompromising landscape of impenetrable jungle and snow-capped mountains.

It is now more than 80 years since Dutch authority was established, when negotiations were finally completed with the Sultan of Ternate for the transfer of his suzerainty of north and west New Guinea to the Netherlands flag. He still has certain rights and powers, but ’ his actions are subject to the approval of the Government. A similar position exists in respect of the Sultan of Tidore, whose suzerainty extends over the south- 25 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 19 3 7

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ern part. At the moment the latter is in his minority and a Regency is in control.

The early history of the country was clouded with the unhappy activities of slave raiding by the Sultans, but this, of course, was abolished when the Dutch East Indies Government took control. In spite of the long period of their administration, there is a negligible amount of commercial development, and during the last three or four years only has there been any real stimulus, and that mostly by foreign companies.

TT is quite understandable, however, A with the infinitely rich and productive Indies fully occupying their attention, that the Dutch have given New Guinea scant consideration. Only now, after political pressure has been brought to bear on them to do something with it, are they giving some encouragement to its development and serious attempts are being made to discover gold and oil, whilst concessions have been given to a Japanese company to grow cotton.

The natives have been brought under control only in the coastal districts, with one or two exceptions, and cannibalism and headhunting are still rife in the interior. At the present time there is a small Government expedition in the country behind Port Humboldt (or Hollandia, as it is now called) which lies at the eastern extremity of the north coast, near the border of the Mandated Territory. One white man, a German of long experience in the territory, is in charge, and the purpose is to settle and bring under control the wild natives in those parts.

His method provides an interesting contrast with that of the Papuan Government, who usually send into unexplored territory one magistrate, accompanied by a patrol officer, a few native armed constables and 30 or 40 carriers.

They make a journey lasting three months or more, travelling as best they can, track or no track, making friends where possible with the natives and returning to civilisation with ample information but no decisive control established.

By comparison, the Dutch method is slow, but there is a more permanent result. As progress is made from village to village, a good track is cut and made, whilst messengers are sent on to the districts ahead to inform the natives that a white man will be arriving in a few days. Thus the element of surprise is prevented and fighting avoided.

The geographical aspect has not been ignored and, since 1910, several large and well equipped expeditions have visited the interior. Maps are available which show very few of those blank spaces marked “Unexplored,” a familiar feature of the those of the neighbouring British territories. One of the more extensive journeys cost the Government a quarter of a million pounds, and at the moment of writing (Dec., 1936) news has just been received that Mr. Colijn, the son of the Netherlands Prime Minister, is returning from a successful ascent of Carstenz Summit, one of the highest peaks in Dutch New Guinea, whose cap Mr. W. H. Potts, at the border-stone between British and Dutch New Guinea. 26 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23* 193?

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Armed protection is afforded in the Dutch territory by soldiers drawn from many parts of the Indies. They are weJ trained at Batavia and equipped with sabres and modern magazine carbines.

A.l Government officials are accompanied by them on their patrolling duties and, altogether, they number about 800 in New Guinea.

District government is exercised by Controleurs who have magisterial powers over Europeans and natives alike.

At intervals they patrol the areas in their charge and some of the more arduous duties, such as native tax collecting, etc., are deputed to assistants from Amboina and Ternate. The Controleurs are responsible to the Assistant Resident at Manokwari, who in his turn is subject to the Resident at Amboina, which is the administrative centre for the Moluccas and New Guinea.

HTHERE are less than 10 settlements in * all Dutch New Guinea, and one usually finds about half a dozen Europeans, some natives of the Indies, Chipese stores, and a few soldiers. There is a monthly service of steamers, but there are no hotels or banks. The occasional traveller may find accommodation at the pasangrahan, which is a superior rest house.

One of the most difficult problems awaiting the settler is that of native labour, far more difficult indeed than in the two British territories, where more has been done to assist him, whilst giving the native fair terms. There are two classes of labourers, the free and the indentured. As the name implies, the former may terminate his employment when ever he wishes; there is no contract. The latter, however, appears before the district Controleur and agrees to work for a specific time, up to three years, at a fixed rate of pay. If he deserts, he may be imprisoned for a short time, and returned' to his employer.

Both kinds are housed and fed, and these regulations are applied, broadly speaking, in all three territories of New Guinea, with the added and formidable difficulty that under the Dutch Government, indentured labourers to be employed in the northern part must originate from the southern one and vice versa.

Transport costs are so high that this is impossible in practice, and to-day only free labour is used, which itself is far from satisfactory as the natives invariably wish to return home within six months, leaving the employer to find new workers and pay more travelling expenses.

Another difficulty is created by the regulation forbidding professional recruiting, thus compelling the employer, or one of his employees, to find his own labourers, whereas in the British side a recruiter will bring them to him at a fee varying from £5 to £l2 per head, according to district. Recently several hundred coolies were brought from the Indies to Dutch New Guinea in connection with oil prospecting work, but again, the expense of this method of obtaining labour would be prohibitive to the average employer. hears much to-day of the activities " of the Japanese in the Western Pacific, and New Guinea has not escaped their attention. Prevented from settling in Papua and jthe Mandated Territory, they have been Successful in obtaining concessions from the Dutch, though not on the scale they had wished.

Nanyio Kohatsu Kaisha is the operating company, with a capital of 20,000,000 yen, and during the last - three years they have cleared an area of 7QO acres of jungle at Nabire, in Geelvink Bay, on the north coast, and experimented with cotton growing. Every variety has been tried and American cotton has proved the most satisfactory. But up to the present more attention has been given to experiment than actual production for export; a very necessary course, Dutch New Guinea women wearing skirts made from a large leaf, which is first prepared by baking and rubbing. 27 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

William Finau

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Further clearing is in progress and they hope to have about 1,400 acres in production during the next few months.

The colossal task of converting New Guinea forest to open agricultural land has called for an army of native labour ers, numbering 1,200 at times and mostly from Biak Island. There are 17 Japanese in residence, some with wives and families.

They have another concession at Momi, within a few hours’ steamer run of Nabire, where they have cut a rough track, 25 miles long, which leads into the mountains. There they have built houses for the native labourers who collect dammar and bring it to the coast, whence it is shipped to Japan. A few acres of kapok are cultivated, in addition, on a small coastal clearing.

There are no individual Japanese settlers in Dutch New Guinea.

The spiritual welfare of the natives has not been neglected and there is a mission school in every settled village, with a teacher from the Indies who imnarts elementary education in addition to religious instruction. A small subsidy is granted by the Government.

Dutch Protestant missions operate in the northern half of the territory, and Catholic ones in the southern division, Unlike those in the British territories, they do not engage in any form of trade, THE natives themselves have learned J, , , . neighbour™ in the^Stish'°part cotfon and "nLriof tobacco are found in manv districts alone: the north ma^t On the Island of Japen in Geelvink Bay they collect dammar and cut teak, and on arrival of the steamer it is a quite remarkable event to see the heavy trunks of timber dragged by an excited crowd Starting life again in Dutch New Guinea—the home of a colonist at Manokwari, 28 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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E. HALLSTROM. Willoughby. Sydney of natives from the beach on to huge rafts, which are then slowly paddled to the boat. A large quantity of these native productions are purchased by Chinese merchants, who travel on the steamer for that purpose.

The incentive to this activity on the part of the natives may be looked for in the imposition of an annual tax of three guilders and thirty-six cents, which is equivalent to about ten Australian shillings at the present rate of exchange. It is payable by all male natives in controlled areas, except those who are infirm or too young to work.

SOME years have passed since the large trade in the export of bird of paradise plumes was stopped by the Government. Another great development is afoot, namely, oil production. It is too early yet to say what the future may hold in that respect, but very large concessions have been granted to Nederlandsche Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij, an offspring of the Shell and Standard Oil Companies. Large bases have been established in the McClure Gulf, at Babo, and at the western extremity, near Sorong.

Most of the area involved lies in the flat country, and aeroplanes h?,ve been used, from which a complete photographic survey has been made during the last few months and the most promising ground will now be prospected in the usual manner. Already a quarter of a million pounds has been expended in what is probably the most difficult country in the world for any kind of prospecting.

IT will be recalled that only during the last 15 years an immensely rich deposit of gold has been discovered in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, and many hold the opinion that a large quantity may be found on the Dutch side. / The opportunities which arose in the former country for the individual prospector will not be available in Dutch New Guinea, however, as all the ground likely to bear gold has been leased to one company, Nederlandsche Nieuw Goud Maats., which is sponsored by the Oroville and Billiton Companies and the firm of Erdman and Sielken, Prospecting is in progress but, so far, without substantial result.

OF less ambitious character financially, but none the less interesting, are the Communist camp at Tanahmerah. 250 miles up the Digoel River, on the south coast; and the colonisation of a number of unemployed men from the Indies on land at Manokwari and Sabron.

The Tanahmerah camp was established by the Government some years ago, and about 1,200 malcontents from the Indies were taken there, housed and given all the necessary agricultural implements and land to enable them to realise that earthly paradise about which they had talked so much. The only stipulation was that they should remain there and a garrison of soldiers was sent to ensure that they did so. Like other similar attempts, however, it has failed and the Communists are not even self-supporting.

The Government is obliged to send a boatload of food at regular intervals.

Occasionally one or two escape, but they are usually devoured by the cannibals who roam between the Digoel and Fly Rivers.

THE scheme of unemployed colonisation is of more particular interest as it represents the attempt of a Government, harassed by its supporters, to deal with the problem of unemployment.

Drawn from the ranks of unemployed native and half-caste clerks, shop assistants, etc., from Java and Sumatra, the first detachment of colonisers, many with wives and children, sailed for New Guinea in 1928 and an association was formed, Stichting Immigratie Kolonisatie Nieuw Guinea, to conduct the enterprise at Manokwari and dispose of the agricultural produce, giving each colon- -Ist living necessaries to the value of the credit of his output. It has not yet proved a profitable undertaking and much of the deficit is made good by charitable public subscription in the Indies, The scheme makes it possible, however, for a penniless man to obtain a small 29 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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No Excessive Pressure Or Recoil financial assistance from the Government, spread over three years and decreasing annually, build a simple house and clear two and a half acres of jungle.

But even the most industrious man in the colony has only eight acres in production and makes a bare existence; though, as he said, it was better than selling pencils in the streets of Surabaya.

Up to the present day there has been only a trifling export production, in spite of the fact that there are 200 working colonists, but this is partly accounted for by the colony consuming much of its own produce.

There are only about 30 colonists at Sabron, which is near Hollandia, and this section there is a different association. The district is somewhat unhealthy and financial assistance is not available, but a newcomer may earn a little by working for the association for a part' of his time. Nevertheless the results have been very disappointing there.

At both centres, the principal items grown are cassava, maize, cocoa, rice, and cotton.

It may be gathered, therefore, that this creditable attempt is not likely to have much effect on the number of unemployed in the Indies and a few colonists have abandoned their holdings and returned. Very few of them are of an agricultural or labouring class and, naturally, they find the work of extending their production very arduous, whilst shortage of money prevents them -from employing sufficient native labour to accomplish the task, sd for the time being it seems to be case of stalemate.

AS to the future of Dutch New Guinea, one might perhaps turn to Papua and the Mandated Territory, where development has been in progress for a much longer period. Apart from gold, the only large exports from there have been copra, with rubber in addition from the former. They have been produced and exported under infinitely more favourable conditions than could be found in the Dutch Territory, and even if labour regulations were eased a little in favour of the employer (and there is good authority for saying that the Dutch Government is unwilling to do this) there still remains the obstacle of exceedingly high freight charges by the steamship line which has the monopoly of the inter-Indies business. On the British side, ships call at the main ports and take copra direct to Europe, but the exports from Dutch New Guinea will have to be increased many times before such as opportunity arises there.

It is rather to the valuable products, oil and gold, that one must look to give the country the li£e blood which it needs- Natives loading logs of teak on to a steamer at Japen Island, Dutch New Guinea.

Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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The Onion Returns

Short-lived Joy of Tahitian Garlic-Haters From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 15.

A LUSTY chorus of hallelujahs and praises to Allah echoed to the firmament when the S.S. Cape Rom arrived at Papeete bearing a goodly supply of sound, fresh onions and garlic.

The exhaustion of many food staples and the threatened deprivation of others —due to the maritime strike —had been viewed with equanimity and philosophic calm.

But when the last onion and garlic disappeared consternation stalked in nearly every household and the air trembled with ululations of despair. Food had lost its savour; had become Dead Sea fruit, and as dust and ashes to the palate.

And what made matters worse was the Tantalus torture of seeing boxes and barrels labelled onions and garlic brought ashore from the Hauraki, only to find the contents decayed and ruined by the long voyage through the tropics.

On the contrary there has been great rejoicing and unholy glee among the small band of onion and garlic haters, whose olfactory senses have been outraged—since time immemorial —by the foul odours haunting Papeete during the cooking hour For the first time in many years the highways and byways of the town have been fragrant and wholesome, free from the reek of frying onions, the ghastly fumes of boiling garlic as well as the stale shadows of dead and gone onions of many generations.

But that happy period of abeyance has passed and the atmosphere of Papeete has resumed its normal flavour.

Organising A Buying Agency

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Feb. 12.

MR. “VIRI” WATSON, who has been trading in Rarotonga for the past six years, and is at present on a visit to New Zealand, has established headquarters in Auckland, where he has joined un with the National Traders’ Association. His intention is to organise a buying agency for small retailers and individuals requiring purchases made on behalf in the Dominion. “Viri”

Watson has always been known as a shrewd buyer.

In the meanwhile, his business in Rarotonga will continue under the management of Mr. D. Odegard—until lately, A. B. Donald’s branch manager on Penrhyn Island.

Mr. Dan Leahy left Cairns, Queensland, by the Montoro at the end of February on his way back to Mount Hagen, New Guinea, after completing a tour of the world.

World Tourists At Apia

AND SUVA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 20.

HTHE Norwegian tourist cruiser Stella * Polaris paid her sixth annual visit to Apia on February 19. She had 124 tourists on board, who, favoured by clear and sunny weather, much enjoyed the elaborate programme of excursions and dances on board. As usual, a large number of prominent persons were making the famous world cruise, under the auspices of the Raymond-Whitcomb organisation.

She left after a visit of only eight hours, for Suva.

Mr. J. Blaikie-Webster, chairman of directors of New Guinea Goldfields Limited, sailed from Brisbane for Port Moresby, en route to the Morobe goldfields, New Guinea, by the Montoro at the end of February. He was accompanied by his wife. 31 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Ready For Hurricanes

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Feb. 11.

VA/ITH characteristic thoroughness, ” Judge H. F. Ayson, the Resident Commissioner, in conjunction with the Island Council, has drawn up and issued for public information a detailed procedure to be followed in the event of another hurricane striking the island.

A number of safety zones have been arranged and they will contain, besides first-aid supplies, a quantity of leadheaded nails and hammers for the repair of roofs loosened by the wind. Messengers selected from the ranks of the Boys’ Brigade will stand by to maintain communication between Avarua and the outlying districts, while two gangs of workmen will endeavour as far as possible to keep open the roads. Safety Committees have also been formed in all the villages where they will meet emergencies as they arise.

During the hurricane of 1935 Judge Ayson was unfortunately absent in New Zealand. It was felt at the time that had he been present stronger and more effective measures might have been taken to minimise the danger, both to property and life.

Mr. William C. Groves, the well-known Pacific anthropologist, who has been appointed Director of Education at Nauru Island, sailed from Melbourne for Central Pacific with his wife and family by the Triaster on March 3.

Salamaua V. Lae

How Shipping Co. Was Treated AN outstanding example of the ideas which dominate the administration of New Guinea was provided recently when the Burns, Philp steamer Neptuna was on her way south from Asiatic ports.

The Neptuna had to call at Lae, as well as Salamaua; and it was most urgent that she should make the quickest possible time to Sydney. The B.P. manager at Salamaua therefore asked the District Officer at Salamaua whether, in the special circumstances, it would be possible to allow the Neptuna to enter at Lae (instead of at Salamaua, which is the official port of entry) and then go on to Salamaua, and thence southwards.

This would have saved the company several hours. The company was prepared to send the necessary officials (medical officer, customs officer, etc.) from Salamaua to Lae, at its own expense.

D.O. Taylor, who, as well as being an efficient officer, is a most reasonable man, said he could see no objection to the proposal; but that of course he formally would have to advise Rabaul.

Messrs. Burns, Philp and Co. accordingly made arrangements to enter the ship at Lae, and radioed the Captain to that effect.

But, on the eve of the ship’s arrival, there came a radiogram from Rabaul containing a flat refusal to allow the Neptuna to enter at Lae —she must go to Salamaua in the usual way. So, of course, the ship had to go to Salamaua, and the company’s plan to save time, for the reason referred to, had to be abandoned.

This is typical of the pin-headed bureaucracy which is causing so much trouble in New Guinea. Commercial interests and planters, with growing frequency, are voicing complaints against the Administration; while statements made privately by New Guinea officials indicate that there is considerable and growing discontent within the N.G.

Public Service.

The Administration’s decision to send the Neptuna to Salama-ua is, of course, linked with the recent incident wherein the Administrator cancelled his charter of the Lockheed aeroplane. It is lill part of the Administration’s campaign against the Lae airport, in favour of Salamaua.

Free Education In Samoa

APIA, Feb. 18.

THE Samoan Administration has announced that in future free education will be granted to all European children attending Government schools. It is hoped that this concession will also be granted to children attending the interdenominational Marist schools and that, for that purpose, the Marist schools will be granted a subsidy.

European children enjoyed free education under the German Administration in pre-war days. 32 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 1937

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Wooing The "Maidens Of The Deep"

A Tongan Missionary Goes Shark Fishing VI JHEN Rev. Father Boussit, curate at the Catholic Mission, Haapai, Tonga , went on a shark fishing expedition recently in the Mission yacht “ Fetuu Moana”, he met with such success that he elatedly wrote of his adventures to his former class-mates at La Seyne-surmer, in France. His charming little story, adapted from the French tty Rev.

Father E. Tremblay, is printed below.

OINCE my arrival in Tonga I had heard so many fantastic tales about shark fishing that I was longing to have a chance to sample the sport myself. The opportunity came sooner than I had hoped for.

There was hard work being done on our Mission compound, but owing to hard times there was a scarcity of tinned beef.

The work lagged, and sometimes the men did not even show up. Then the pastor got a brain-wave: why not let the Fetuu Moana (Star of the Deep) go out to catch some shark meat?

Came Sunday afternoon, and with a number of shark “experts”—for shark fishing is a “fine art” handed down from father to son—l boarded our home-built schooner. What paraphernalia greeted us! Empty kerosene tins, sticks and clubs (drums and drum-sticks), and.sets of fago fago (half-coconut shells strung on a green stick the ends of which are bent back in the shape of a horseshoe and tied together). The latter is a sort of rattle for underwater use and is supposed to call the sharks. Then, of course, there were conch shells of various sizes, with a small hole drilled in the narrow end. When they are blown by strong natives these miniature fog horns produce an unearthly base note that can be heard for several miles.

We recited our three Hail Marys, sang a few* verses of the Ave Maris Stella . . .* and then we were off. If this shark fishing business has anything to do with devils —and there are many Tongans who think so — surely these prayers scared them off!

What a beautiful sea! What sweet, pure air! How good it felt to enjoy the cool of the eventide after the terrific heat of day. After the Angelus, the chief shark “expert” informed me that I alone might take some refreshment; for woe betide the expedition should anyone else dare to eat “on the sly”—no shark would come near the ship.

Soon we were far out en the deep. The shining frills of the white-fringed reefs had long since been left behind. Most of the natives were asleep, save the two “experts.” They simply could not keep quiet.

Suddenly one of them began to yell at the top of his voice, “broadcasting” as it were to the sharks. “Beautiful girls of the briny deep,” he cried, “come from your nice villages; come over with some of your friends. Come over and see our new boat, a boat with an engine in it.

Come over and let us see your beautiful The Mission yacht “Fetuu Moana”, which took Rev. Boussit and a party of Tongans on the shark-fishing expedition described in the accompanying article. 34 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 1937

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Tm on LU CHIVERS ca LD ST^MD/IR d FRESH * ENGLISH II PEAS •'Ck( .Hi) eyes; come on board and we will give you a great feast. Come and let us put this sweet-scented necklace (a lasso) round your neck . .

But in spite of all these tender and alluring words not a single shark appeared. None came near even after the pandemonium of tin-cans, fago fago rattles, conch shell blasts, screams, and war-whoops let loose on the stroke of midnight.

Then from sheer weariness everyone dropped to rest. Silence reigned. It was dead calm on the dark deep—l could hear only the gentle lapping of the wavelets on the prow of the ship. Some of the Tongans were gazing intently into the water, but all they could see was like a sprinkling of phosphorescent stars bobbing up and down like liquid fire-flies.

This is a common sight in the South Seas at night.

How fine it felt to lie in the cool on one’s back and “star-dream.” Orion was sinking slowly westward. Away out towards the east, the Scorpion began to creep across the heavens. Southwards, very high up, face to face with the Hunter, shone the Southern Cross. What a splendid night!

I tried to sleep, but rest was soon disturbed by a second frantic “broadcast” of clanging noises making a thundering racket. And yet still not a single shark was wooed.

A faint tinge of dawn heralded the coming of a new day. Night, the best time to catch sharks, would soon be over.

My Tongan friends seemed pathetically down-hearted as they began to think that our first shark expedition with the Fetuu Moana would prove a “washout”.

At dawn I said Mass down below —a Mass offered up for all our Marist Missionaries who have been lost at sea. It was deeply impressive, this first Mass ever to have been said on board the little schooner on the vast ocean. I added a wee prayer for those fishermen who had caught nothing . . .

Then, during breakfast, a joyful shout brought me scampering on deck. “ Malie!

MalieT (Fine! Fine!), I heard them crying. At last a shark had stirred and was swimming slowly around the ship, A lon le the en(l of which wa3 baited with a chunk o£ pork, was held Another photograph of the “Fetuu Moana”, taken in 1933 just after she had been built at the Catholic Mission Station, Haapai, by natives under the supervision of Rev. Father E. Tremblay. 35 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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PACKED EXPRESSLY FOR EXPORT IN TINS UP TO 50LBS. out over the water. All the beautiful Tongan love-language was soulfully recited over and over again. But no; the monster was in no hurry. Tired of waiting, I went below to resume breakfast.

Up on deck again, I saw this time that the shark was much nearer. Suddenly it spied the tempting meat, and its wicked little eyes sparkled with drunken hunger. It seemed hypnotised. Then, forgetful of all danger, it wheeled quickly, darted forward, and turned over, opening a trap-like mouth with gleaming rows of sharp, terrible teeth. As the pole was drawn closer and closer to the ship, so higher and higher out of the water rose the shark, until it was right alongside the ship, half out of the sea in a grasping effort to tear off the bait.

The psychological moment had come.

Gently the lasso was slipped around its head behind the gills. A swift strong jerk and the monster was pinned along the gunwale. A pair of muscular arms swung high a club to dash its brain out, and soon it had ceased to struggle and squirm.

Wildly delighted, the natives hauled the huge fish on board, all the while insulting it with all the bad names they could think of. Then, in its honour, a little “tune” of conch shells, tin-can music, drums, and water-rattles was played. Everyone was happy now—the Mass had not brought bad luck, as some had secretly though it would, but perhaps sharks after all are only mere fish and not devils.

We sailed a little further on. Soon three more 7ft. sharks were caught in the same manner, and honoured with the same “tunes.” We sailed still further and another was lured aboard. The sixth one to appear was a veteran monster. In vain the Tongans tried all the tricks of the game; but the shark was too wise. It declined to come too near, although it succeeded in making off with a large junk of pork. So we gave it up and decided to sail home.

We were but a few miles from the shore when again the natives began a deafening “broadcast” of conch music.

Our expedition had been a success, so tell the world! Excited, they agreed to give the Governor and a big chief a shark each, in accordance with Tongan custom. Then, with smiles on every face, we arrived at the Mission compound, as the conch shell blasts grew stronger and stronger and wilder and wilder.

As we sampled a huge bowl of cooling kava, the whole story of the trip was related with much laughter and gesture.

Next day the entire Catholic population —and other denominations as well- — came to work at the Mission. It was a terrifically hot morning, but they worked tirelessly and unceasingly. What a difference to the previous week! There was strength in every pair of arms, and joyful peals of song and laughter from every throat, as the work of levelling the compound proceeded.

Why did they work with such gusto?

Why were they singing and happv?

Why? Because, over there, across the way, beneath a smouldering mound, the Tongan “fireless cooker” was baking brown and crisp hundreds of pounds of shark and native vegetables. The very thought of the sumptuous feast to follow was enough to make anybody work with a will!

Finding Your Way Around

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A Country Ballad

Concerning a Free Library in Fiji live in a quiet country place And natural bumpkins be; So why should Council or Government Pay heed to such as we ?

We know all this deep in our hearts.

And feel humility ; • Yet the spirit of rebels and fighting men Comes even to such as we.

Of rates and taxes we pay our share, As high as the town’s, they be; Yet our roads and tracks are a howling shame — But suffice for such as we.

Brothers and sisters come they all, From cities, poor us to see; They eat our salt, and drink our beer.

And marvel at such as we.

They say, “You must come and call.

Some day when life is free; And admire our gorgeous homes and streets’’ — Kind words for such as we.

We think of their words what they think of our beer—- Whicu is ambiguity!

I’m much afraid that the call’s riot paid— Know better than that, do we.

And among our many hardships.

Is lack of a library.

And we long for lots of papers and books, But they’re not for such as we.

In Suva Town there is a place Given by Carnegie, Crammed to the door, with books galore.

But not for such as we.

We cannot choose our fiction; Not even a list can we see— But they DOUBLE the darned subscription For people such as we.

On top of the sub. we also pay— Shall we tell Carnegie?— Fourpence in stamps for every book Posted to such as we.

The only available catalogue Is kept in the library.

In vain we try a copy to buy— » It’s not for such as we.

We have to take what they send us, No matter what book it be.

They will not be faced with the personal taste Of country clods like we.

The fate of the papers and journals old Is a dreadful mystery.

They may be lent —but they’re never sent To outback folks like we.

Only to-day we opened Our books excitedly— They were both by Bertha Ruck, sir.

And NOT for such as we.

But the P.M. grabbed our eightpence. (Oh, that such things should be!) And City folk keep battening On country mugs like we.

Fiji.

KAI VITI.

N.G. Goldfields Theft

» From Our Own Correspondent WAU, Feb. 16. \ T the Circuit Court, William C. Abbie was sentenced to 21 months’ gaol, with hard labour, and Eric Hylton Stacey to one year’s gaol, with hard labour, for gold stealing. D. Parker was sentenced to 18 months for receiving.

Mrs. Amy Madeline Gatward, wife of Mr. W. T, Gatward, a pioneer of the Tailevu District, Fiji, died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital at Suva in February.

“Mystical Papua”

THE Sydney Sun of February 22 is * responsible for the following piece of bilge.

The Swedish film company Svensk Filmindustri proposes to send an expedition of film directors, photographers, technicians, etc., to make films of the “dangerous regions of New Guinea.” It proposes to go to places “inhabited by cannibals and not yet explored by any white expedition. By means of native canoes propelled by detachable motors they will penetrate along the rivers into the mystical Papua to film the famous headhunters. It is hoped that the travellers will be assisted by British patrols.”

By the time the expedition gets past the New Guinea and Papua ordinances which forbid entry into the uncontrolled areas, and has entered “mystical Papua” and the district of the headhunters, very large quantities of water will have flowed under innumerable bridges.

Mr. R. A. Vivian, Resident Magistrate at Kerema, Gulf Division, Papua, arrived in Sydney on leave by the Montoro on February 18. Mr. C. H. Karius, formerly at Cape Nelson, is now relieving at Kerema until Mr. Vivian comes back. 37 Pacific Islands Mon+lify, March 23, (937

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To Observe Rare Solar

ECLIPSE Two Expeditions Will Visit Lonely Phoenix Group JOINTLY sponsored by the United States Navy Department and the National Geographical Society, an expedition will leave America shortly for the Phoenix Islands, north of Western Samoa, to make observations of an eclipse of the sun which will occur on June 8. The eclipse will be the most remarkable and of the longest duration for 1200 years.

Plans have also been completed for a party from the New Zealand Astronomical Society to visit the Phoenix Group in one of the N.Z. warships to view the eclipse. It is reported that a number of Australian astronomers will probably join the N.Z. expedition.

The lonely Phoenix Group, comprising about a dozen small islands, are just south of the equator in mid-Pacific, and are on the direct route between Hawaii and Fiji. They will provide the only specks of land from which the total phase of the eclipse will be visible.

A New Industry For Wau

From Our Own Correspondent WAIT, Feb. 16.

IT has long been advocated that steps should be taken to foster the growing of marketable agricultural products in Morobe so that should gold production fall below economic levels, Wau would not, like “Sweet Auburn,” become a deserted village.

For some time coffee, grown by Mr.

C. L. B. Wilde, has been obtainable from local stores, but only in limited quantities, unworthy of what is considered to be a very fine product. Mr. Wilde has cleared a large area of his property near Wau for this purpose, and what may be the starting point of another primary industry for Morobe, will be watched with interest.

After The Coronation

ISLANDERS who are visiting England this..year to witness the Coronation ceremonies will be able also to attend the famous International Trade Fair, held at Paris during the whole of May. After the Coronation thousands of business executives and sightseers will cross over to France and transact business at, and see the exhibits of, this gigantic Fair. Due to these extra visitors and the immense volume of exhibits, the Fair will be Open for a month, and thus the full range of world manufactures can be seen at leisure.

First commenced in a small way in 1904, this Fair has now assumed such importance in the world as to be recognised as the event at which the latest developments in international manufacture will be on view. Always cosmopolitan, Paris at the time of the Fair is brighter, more varied, more interesting than ever. It is possible to meet and to observe the tastes and needs of individuals of every nationality, and every class in life.

The Trade Commissioner for France, Wynyard Street, Sydney, can furnish further particulars to South Seas residents who anticipate being in England or on the Continent dui'ing May. *** 38 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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POLYNESIA Old and New Methods From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Jan. 27.

TF the American maritime strike continues much longer the mariners of this part of the South Seas will have to go back to sail.

Copra is gathered into Papeete from widely scattered islands by schooners powered with Diesel engines. At the present writing, supplies of Diesel oil are nearly exhausted and, until the strike be settled, there is no prospect of any fresh arrival of this product.

One wonders how the present generation of young skippers will react to the necessity for navigating by sail after so many years of motor transport. In the days of sail most of our old schooner captains had a very sketchy knowledge of the science of navigation.

One was particularly famous for arriving at his destination by instinct rather than calculation. Usually his chronometers were out of order or he forgot to use them. He could calculate latitude and he would navigate his schooner to the latitude of the island for which he was heading and then sail east along the parallel. If, after two or three days, the island did not turn up he would know it was in the west. So he would turn his ship around and sail west on the parallel—and always arrived at his destination.

Even to this day, native skippers voyaging to the Tuamotus make for the atoll Anaa, directly east of Tahiti. They can hold their course by the sun.

Anaa has the peculiarity of possessing a shallow lagoon which reflects a faint green colour patch on the overhanging clouds. This is visible at a long distance. Native skippers watch for this and even if they have drifted considerably out of their course, this faint green glow on the clouds in the distance will set them right.

Once at Anaa, the rest is easy. From there, east or north-east, a schooner is bound to sight island after island. If the island sighted is the wrong one, the navigator can soon get his bearings by finding out which island it is, and eventually arrive at the haven he is seeking.

The natives of the Austral Islands (south of Tahiti) where such new fangled things as Diesel engines have not been introduced, have not lost the art of sailing. Recently, the Rurutu schooner Manureva made a record voyage from that island to Papeete before a smart southern gale. She had her lee scuppers under water the whole of the way, and shed chicken coops, pigs and other items of deck cargo into the sea, while her passengers held on to ropes and any projecting tackle to keep themselves from following.

But, as a European who was on board bears witness, her crew handled her like master mariners sailing a yacht in an international cup race.

S.D.A. Training Centre

A CONFERENCE of Seventh Day Adventists in Melbourne during February, was informed by Pastor A. G.

Stewart that it was proposed to open a new training school presumably for S.D.A. mission teachers —at a spot about 28 miles from Rabaul, in New Guinea.

The period of training would be from three to five years.

Pastor Stewart said that the Seventh Day Adventist missions are now operating in most of the Pacific Islands —from Pitcairn Island in the east to Northern New Guinea in the west.

Captain L. E. Austin, manager of tht Papuan Government’s coffee plantation at Sangara, Eastern Papua, who has been spending a couple of months’ furlough in Australia, returned to Papua by the Montoro at the end of February. Mrs.

Austin, who has been abroad, is still in indifferent health and probably will remain in Australia for some time. 39 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Search For Oil In Papua

The Muddling of the Federal Government PART 11. \ NUMBER of expeditions, hacked by powerful companies and subsidised liberally by British Governments, are now seeking an oilfield in Papua■ — and, probably, will succeed. This article, the second of a series written by a resident of Papua, tells the story of the discovery of petroleum in the Territory, and of the subsequent attempts at development.

THE partners got to work promptly, secured Powers of Attorney from their friends, and proceeded to peg out as many claims as they could in what seemed to them the most likely spots.

But they no longer had the field to themselves. A few individual speculators, with little or no knowledge of the district or of the locality of the indications pegged out claims haphazard without much reference to geography or to one another. But their operations were orderly and sane in comparison with the delegates of the British New Guinea Company, which sent out men wellequipped with stores and means of transport, but very much more at home behind a store-counter or an office-desk tnan in the barbaric surroundings of the Papuan jungle.

These men went to work fiercely, their only method to drive as many pegs as possible. They seemed to have no idea even of the working of a compass. Their imaginary lines crossed one another and those of other prospectors.

In one instance, they drove no fewer than five datum pegs within a circle of a hundred yards radius, and registered claims to two and a half square miles of land on an area of rather less than one square mile! If, in their rather frightened rush through the scrub, they happened to see a peg that had been driven by another man, they promptly pulled it up and substituted one of their own. The result, when plotted out on a map of the district, was a complicated network of intersecting lines and superimposed rectangles that covered, several times over, most of the land to about twelve miles from the coast, but that never departed more than half a mile from the bank of the river.

Exactly what method a harassed Warden could have adopted to solve such a puzzle it would be hard to say. Fortunately for him, unfortunately for Port Moresby solicitors who might have scored heavily over the litigation of rival claims, the matter was never put to the test.

This rather fevered activity was at its height when Mr. J. E. Came, a wellknown New South Wales geologist, arrived on the Vailala River for a preliminary investigation of the field. His investigations did not go very far, for he was merely putting in time owing to a delay in the arrangements for his inspection of the coal deposits reported on the Purari River by Messrs. Little and Mackay in 1909. But he saw the indications first discovered, and he saw the oil seeping slowly from the sandstone 20 miles up the river; and, although the question as to volume of supply remained unsolved, he went away fully convinced as to the occurrence of petroleum. r T T HE partners had pegged out claims to include the actual occurrence of oil; and, with a few Powers of Attorney in hand, they tried to discover, in more remote parts of the jungle, a series of signs as good as those up the river.

It was on one such expedition that Thomas collapsed with a sudden attack of blackwater fever. His condition was serious from the first onset of the dreaded disease, and the conditions at the rough camp, many miles from the nearest settlement, and among very pri- 40 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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To add to the difficulties of the position rain fell heavily and incessantly.

The whole of the countryside was flooded knee-deep and the tracks were invisible; and the local natives, scared by the illness of a white man for which they imagined, illogically, that they might be held responsible, retired to remote huts and shelters in the depths of the bush.

But, somehow, he was carried out. The same fear that drove the bush people to hiding inspired the indentured labourers, so that they worked obediently, if sullenly. A stretcher was rigged, with an inadequate awning to protect the sick man from the pitiless rain; and he was borne stumblingly, clumsily,, jerkily, through the yielding mud and halfsubmerged forest to the river bank, and thence by canoe for 10 miles to the coast, and another 10 miles along the beach to the nearest mission station.

Being blessed with a strong constitution and a healthy body, he survived the agonising ordeal, and after a few days of crisis began to recover slowly.

Lett returned to his prospecting; but he was not allowed to carry it on undisturbed. Jealousy raised its ugly head and spat venom at him and his absent partner. Counter-claims to the discovery were made by men who had never been in the bush until the report of oil roused cupidity to smother their fear of it. Protests were lodged against the claims that the partners had pegged, and against the Powers of Attorney that they held; and commercial oppression was openly threatened by a local company that had failed to gain control of their interests.

Norfolk Island Administrator And His Family

'X'HE Administrator of Norfolk Island • (Captain C. R. Pinney, M.C.), who recently arrived in Sydney with his wife and family by the Morinda to spend two months furlough in New South Wales, returned to Norfolk Is. in March. Mrs.

Pinney, who underwent a severe operation recently, is now very much improved in health.

“Norfolk Island is looking forward to a prosperous season,” said Captain Pinney, “and the outlook is more hopeful than for some years. One of the biggest factors was the opening in January of a passion-fruit pulp factory, which will mean a great deal to the Island. Prospects for the season are good and it is expected that a hundred tons of pulp will be produced. Next season this quantity may be doubled.

“There is no market now for N.I. bananas,” he continued. “The settlers growing them have let their plantations go in favour of the passion-fruit crop.”

Mrs. Pinney is a daughter of the Lieutenant-Governor of Papua (Sir Hubert Murray), and she and her husband are well-known in that Territory, where for some years Captain Pinney was Commissioner for Lands and Director of Agriculture before being appointed to take charge of affairs at Norfolk Island.

Captain and Mrs. C. R. Finney , and their children, Miss Maura Finney (left) and Master Peter Finney. 41 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Cable Address “Newlandbed, Sydney Thomas returned to the plantation, weak and emaciated, but alive; and at the first opportunity the two men left by steamer for Port Moresby and went on to Thursday Island, where they might use the cable in an attempt to negotiate their rights.

Papuan Government geologist, Evan R. Stanley, began an exhaustive examination of the oil-bearing country, and extended it to cover a great deal of territory where no indications had yet been seen. J. E. Came resumed his investigations after a disappointing and arduous trip to the Purari coal-beds. He confirmed Stanley’s observations, and left for an extensive examination of the Borneo and Java oilfields, to compare the conditions there with what he had seen in Papua.

The investigations of Lett and Thomas resulted in the disclosure of two more sets of oil indications: one near the little village of Aro-Aro, where Thomas had gone down with blackwater fever, and the other at the base of the le hills, about 15 miles east of the Vailala River; while the series that contained the actual flow of oil had been extended some miles across the river to the east.

The discoveries having been made in spite of their opposition, the natives of the district began to come forward with Information as to further “shows;’’ and by the end of June, 1912, surface indications had been seen over an area of more than 500 square miles.

By that time the partners had done all that they could do, and nothing remained but to await the result of their negotiations. They had an agreement with the British New Guinea Development Co. to hand over to the company four of their claims in return for a cash payment of £lO,OOO as soon as their applications were granted. But the granting of applications was held up pending the passing of legislation to deal with oil lands; and such legislation must be preluded by more detailed instructions from the Commonwealth as to the form of control that would be acceptable.

They began to devote some attention to their young plantation, which had been almost entirely neglected since the first discovery, nearly a year earlier.

Weeds had grown up in the interval; a lush tangled growth that is inevitable on rich soil in a wet, tropical climate.

Most of the young nuts that had been planted were strangled by the twining vines, or their tender roots smothered by the encroachment of lalang grass. Fallen timber had been left to lie too long, and was past hope of burning by a running fire, so that hundreds of tons of halfrotten debris would have to be stacked and burned at the cost of almost infinite labour; and seed nuts, laid out in orderly rows in the nursery beds, had grown leggy and weak, and practically useless for planting. Thomas was incapable of further hard physical work; and his partner was debilitated by almost continuous attacks of malaria and by the long-drawn physical strain.

TN mid-July, 1912, a bag of mail was * brought to them by a native constable from Kerema. Among the letters was one from the Warden of the Division.

It stated in cold official language that the policy of the Commonwealth Government had been changed. The Commonwealth itself would develop the field. No leases would be granted. The question of a reward to the discoverers would be further considered when the value of the field became known.

There were also letters from financiers in Sydney and Melbourne, making cautiously tentative offers; and three from representatives of big and firmly established companies in England and America, hinting at the staggering sums that they were prepared to pay in exchange for the supposed rights of the discoverers.

At that point, the partners fade out of the story. Thomas went down with a second attack of blackwater in October, 1912, and had to leave the country; and he died from a third attack that developed in Sydney in April of the following year. His partner survived to pay off gradually the accumulated load of debt that the partnership had incurred; and he is still waiting, after 24 years, for his share of the promised reward!

TN 1912 the competition between the •*“ world’s great oil companies for new sources of supply was very keen; and the news of the discovery of a possible new field in Papua aroused lively interest.

Two courses were open to the Commonwealth Government. They might either develop the field themselves, a course that implied very heavy expenditure and the use of hired experts who might be influenced by alien interests; 42 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 1937

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or they might permit the work to be done by established companies, keeping in their own hands full control of the oil produced, and imposing any condit.ons that might seem necessary for the safeguarding of their interest and the guarantee of adequate productive work.

Of these two courses, after mature consideration, they chose the first. But it would appear that in so doing they had no very full idea of the enormous cost involved, or of the many difficulties that must stand in their way.

The British New Guinea Development Company, on making application for prospecting areas in Papua, did not wait for the granting of their applications, but took immediate steps to start work.

Through their London office, they engaged the services of F. C. Grebin, M.I.M.E. (Freiburg) ; and when the decision of the Commonwealth Government not to grant leases was made public, he was already on his way out to Papua with A. Voinitz, an Austrian, as his assistant, and with a small boring plant capable of putting down test bores to a depth of about 700 feet.

Grebin arrived in Melbourne en route to Papua; and the Commonwealth Government, to avoid inflicting hardship on the company that had engaged him, took over his services in spite of the fact that they had themselves engaged a man and placed an order for a larger plant. Grebin reached the Vailala River on October 20, 1912, and immediately set about making a preliminary survey of the surrounding country. Satisfied as to the prospects, he ascended the river and landed at a spot opposite the oil seepage on December 4.

THERE was a good deal of preliminary work to be done. Land had to be cleared, houses built, machinery and stores landed, and a derrick rigged, before actual boring could begin; but he started boring on Jan. 18, 1913, and on May 8 he struck a small flow of oil in black sand and shale at a depth of 228 feet.

Not satisfied with this, he continued boring until, when a depth of 242 feet had been reached, in oil-bearing sandstone, on May 19, a big tree fell on his derrick, completely wrecking it and forcing him to abandon the bore.

A new derrick had to be constructed of timber, and this delayed the work until June 16, when a second bore was started on the same anticline and within about 100 yards of the first bore.

By the end of June, 1913, he was down to 133 feet in the second bore, and had begun the construction of reservoirs between the steep ridges, intended to contain the oil that he confidently expected to strike at a shallow depth.

On January 10, 1913, J. H. Locke, an Australian driller of considerable experience, arrived on the field. The known oil-bearing country had then been divided into two sections, separated by the Vailala River; and the policy was to conduct the search on the two areas simultaneously.

Locke landed his heavy plant on the east bank of the river, opposite Grebin, got through his preliminary work, and •tarted boring on April 15. He, like Grebin, found the strata very favourable, consisting of sandstone, shale, and sand, alternating with narrow bands of grey limestone; but early in June he was troubled by mud-pressure at a depth of 262 feet, and found a great deal of difficulty in keeping his hole vertical under the strong lateral pressure of it.

Already, there was a good deal of trouble with the machinery supplied.

Grebin’s plant was intended only for comparatively shallow boring, and neither it nor the much heavier plant that Locke was using was equipped to deal with the many difficulties that present themselves in drilling for oil in this district.

A sample of oil from Grebin’s first bore was sent to Melbourne, where it was dealt with by Mr. W. P. Wilkinson, the Federal analyst, who divided the sample into two parts. The first of these he subjected to analysis, and after separa- 43 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 193?

Temp. Vol. of Sp. G. Flash Refrac.

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all other South Sea Islands. tion and filtering, the following characteristics were noted:- Odour,—Of crude petroleum.

Colour.—Pale (cinnamon) brown.

Fluorescence.—Bluish green.

Specific Gravity at 60 deg. F.—0.8082.

Flash Point.—At air temperature, 51.8 deg. F.

Refractive Index at 20 deg. C.—1.4485.

Sulphur Compounds.—Almost completely absent Polarization.—Practically nil.

The crude filtered oil was allowed to stand for a few hours, and deposited 3.4 per cent of crystalline waxy matter similar to paraffin.

The second portion of the sample was distilled in the standard Engler apparatus, giving the following data: Mr. Wilkinson mentioned in his report that the data obtained from distillation showed the oil to contain relatively large quantities of spirit and burning oils, with smaller proportions of lubricating oils; and remarked that the sample was closely similar to the oil obtained in Borneo, Sumatra, and the adjacent islands. At the same time, he pointed out that the crude oil obtained during the first flow in boring operations is not always a guide to the character of what will come later as the flow continues.

THE Commonwealth Government, in * the meantime, had been looking for an expert in oil-geology who might make a complete survey of the field, which Stanley’s efforts had now extended from the Kikori River to Kerema and for 40 miles inland—an area of not less than 2000 square miles. They found whom they wanted in the person of Dr. Arthur Wade, who had enjoyed a good deal of experience in Egypt, both in the matter of geological survey and also in the practical working of petroleum fields.

Dr. Wade arrived on the Vailala River on October 15, 1913, to make a survey and to select sites for boring, taking over from Grebin, whose agreement had expired. In the bores that Grebin had put down the signs continued favourable; and his results so impressed Dr. Wade that, after making a survey of the coastal belt from the Kikori to Yule Island, he still considered that the area chosen on the Vailala River was the most promis ng of all that he had seen.

Locke continued to experience difficulties with lateral mud pressure, and had to abandon his first bore without increasing its depth. He started a second bore within 100 yards of the first, but met with the same trouble again and, under Wade’s instructions moved his heavy plant across the river to a new site near Grebin’s bores. Thus the idea of prospecting two areas simultaneously was abandoned, and for the next few years the efforts of Dr. Wade and his staff were confined to the small area on the right bank of the river that had been cleared by Grebin.

A CANADIAN driller, named Moure, arrived on the river on June 18, 1913, and left again on the 30th with a load of malarial germs that would last him for many years. Another Canadian, Cypher by name, took his place a few months later, bringing with him a more powerful plant than Grebin had been using; and he drilled to a depth of 390 feet, bottoming in mudstone and blaclt sand, before his agreement also expired, and he left the field on November 18, 1914.

Water collected in the abandoned bore; and it was not until the arrival of another driller in May, 1915, that the accumulated water was shut off and oil began to flow. Cypher had struck this small flow oi oil at 250 feet; but, expecting* a better flow at depth, had drilled past it; and from the greater depth water percolated in considerable volume. When once this was shut off, oil began to flow slowly but steadily. A hundred gallons seeped to the bore-head during the first week; then the intrusion of mud checked the flow, and in the second week the amount of escaping oil was reduced to 50 gallons.

THE results achieved so promptly had their effect on the Commonwealth .

Government, and Lieut. Jones was sent, in charge of H.M.A.S. Stuart, to make a marine survey of the coast with a view to finding harbourage for ships that 44 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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might carry to Australian refineries the oil that they hoped would soon flow copiously. Dr. Wade, too, apparently had high hopes; for he compiled, during the first year of his engagement, a careful report of the various possible methods of transporting oil from the bore-head to the seaboard.

“The oil has the characteristics of the shallow oils obtained in the Dutch Indies,” he reported in 1915. “At depth, we expect heavier oils in greater quantity, and the above (i.e. the oil from Cypher’s bore) has strengthened confidence.”

Dr. Wade, after completing his year’s engagement, returned under a new agreement to take complete charge of the operations.

Prospects at the end of 1915 were as good as they could well be. In each of the bores that had been started the expectations of the geologists had been fulfilled. In each of them the drill passed through strata of sandstone, mudstone, shale, and sand; and in each the presence of gas and the smell of petroleum, if not the actual oil itself, kept hope high and confidence growing.

Stanley, the indefatigable geologist to the Papuan Government, carried his survey further afield, and investigated the Cape Vogel peninsula, on the east coast of the island, where he was able to report in 1916 that a tertiary series of mudstones, sandstones and limestones prevailed identical in age with the Vailala petroleum series. He also found gas and brine springs, and occurrences of brown coal and lignite, and confidently recommended the district for further investigation.

But, although prespects became ever more encouraging, progress was woefully slow. To the difficulties inseparable from work in a primitive country were added every obstacle that a malignant fate could devise.

Dr. Wade experienced to the full the difficulty that has faced every man and every company that has attempted constructive work in Papua; the irritating difficulty, that is, of making accurate estimates of costs and forecasts of progress. Health played a very important part in the programme of obstacles; delays in transport; time''wasted in replacing men who became incapacitated by malaria or by the more dreaded blackwater fever; the rawness of native labour, and the impossibility of watching their every movement.

The distance from the telegraph, and the apparent lack of experienced men in Australia to check the material forwarded to Papua, resulted in calamitous short-shipping and other expensive mistakes. There were delays in manufacture and delays in forwarding; machinery was sent to Papua with essential parts missing; and when, often after months of delay, the shortage was eventually made good, the new parts did not fit, and more time was wasted in repairing the mistakes.

On several occasions, work on the field was held up for many weeks together, and experienced drillers, drawing salaries of £lOO per month, had no better occupation for their time than the superintendence of gangs of native labourers who were engaged in planting sweetpotatoes.

Bore after bore was started, carried to a depth of a few hundred feet, and abandoned either because the pipe-line had been choked by some tool inadvertently dropped down it, or by the lateral pressure of mud between steeply inclined strata, an affliction that the machinery supplied was not capable of dealing with.

In all, 12 bores were started on the Vailala, and the greatest depth reached by any of them hardly exceeded 400 feet.

In every one of them, the indications of oil were good, and small quantities of oil were actually obtained from most of them.

But, in every one, drilling had to be discontinued owing to some difficulty that might have been overcome by adequate finance or by the complete and farreaching organisation that is the chief strength of the world’s great oil companies. (To be continued) Mr. Henry Maurice Scott, only son of Sir Henry and Lady Scott, of Suva, and who recently returned to Fiji from England, has been admitted to practice as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Fiji by His Honour the Chief Justice, Mr. O. C. K. Corrie. He is the third generation to be called to the bar in Fiji, his grandfather, the late Mr. W. Scott, having also been admitted. 45 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

1935. 1936, Import Duties 1353,378 £418,757 Port and Customs Service Tax 87,605 44.202 Total £390,883 £462,959 HPEUERHANP* HURRICANE LANTERNS (UC\) % > c 1 ii £ 5* k' S and many other types of varied shape and style!

Sole Agent for the South Sea and New Guinea: CARL AUG. DOCKE bremen/germany Exporter of all goods, suitable for the Islands trade Importer of any kind of Island Produce Correspondence invited

Education Burden

Carried By Missions

From Our N.Z, Correspondent AUCKLAND, Feb. 20. /CRITICISM of the educational policy of the authorities in the Solomons, both _that part administered by the Colonial Office and that mandated to Australia, was given by Rev. J. F. Goldie, pioneer Methodist missionary of the group, on his arrival here recently.

Practically all the education work was left to the missions, yet they did not receive co-operation and assistance. “A native wants more than mere protection,” he said. “Unless he is developed mentally and morally, a slave mentality is created, and the natives become an unnatural, unbalanced type.”

Missionaries did not interfere with native customs and tabus, and make natives wear European clothes and eat European foods. They sought rather to adapt old native customs and give them a new meaning. The missionary to-day was usually a keen anthropologist. It was time the old idea of him as a wellintentioned, misguided fellow, forcing a religion on unwilling natives and destroying their culture, was dispelled.

Mrs. Lucy Grey, wife of Mr. Elijah Grey, died early in February at the War Memorial Hospital in Suva, Fiji, at the age of 33. She had been on a visit to Penang, Northern Viti Levu, when she became ill and was taken into Suva for treatment. Mrs. Grey, who had been married only two years, was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. O. F. Nelson, of Western Samoa.

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H. 0. Fletcher, using only native labour and native material—namely, quila. It is 29 feet long, and its Invincible engine will drive it along at 10 knots. It has done 14 knots under sail only, with favourable conditions. Mr. Fletcher and his natives were two years on this building job.

N.G. Public Service

QTAFF movements in the New Guinea Public Service announced in February were:— TRANSFERS: Govt. Secretary’s Dept.: C. W. Hams, clerk, Public Health Dept, to Stores Branch, Treasury Dept.

Public Health Dept.: C. M. McArthur, medical assistant, Rabaul to Madang, District Services Dept.: W. J. Read. Assistant District Officer, Rabaul to Madang ; F. H. Moy, cadet, Kieta to Rabaul ; Mrs. T. Broadbent, typiste, Registrar-General’s Branch (Govt. Secretary’s Dept.) to District Services Dept.

Dept, of Agriculture: W. McG. Pestell, inspector and instructor, Rabaul to Morobe District.

Lands Dept.: N. H. Fisher, geologist, Rabaul to Wewak.

Public Works Dept.: D. M. Marr, mechanic, Rabaul to Salamaua.

Police Force: R. C. Clammer, Warrant Officer, Rabaul to Wau.

ENGAGEMENTS: Public Works Dept.: G. A. Ogg, roadmaster, Sepik District; C. E. Atkin, roadmaster, Morobe District; A. B. P. Field, roadmaster, Morobe District.

Dept, of Agriculture: C. F. R, Gilbert, inspector and instructor.

Increase In Fiji Customs

Revenue from Customs in 1935 and 1936 was: 46 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 1937

EXPORTS 1935 1936 Met. tons Francs Met. tons. Francs Copra 13,791 7,701,000 16,156 14,548,00 Phosphate 95,961 — 101,092 ■— Vanilla 614* 1,374,000 624* 2,673,000 Shell — — 501* 124,000 * Metric hundredweight.

IMPORTS 1935 1936 From Francs Francs France 3,366,000 9,329,000 Colonies 202.000 190.000 Foreign 13.409.000 17.370.000 "A. E. C."

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Five Against Five

HUNDRED How King's Medal Winner Arrested 100 Papuan Raiders From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY. Feb. 12 TTOW five native police arrested 100 raiders without bloodshed is recalled by the recent award of the King’s Police Medal to Sergeant Gaiberi of the Papuan Native Armed Constabulary.

Gaiberi was recruited in 1896 from Kiwai Island, and has served continuously for 40 years in the Police Service, for the last 28 being Senior Sergeant.

His service has been marked by consistently good conduct, rather than by sensational achievements.

Early in 1930 he was at Tufi when news came that a party of bushmen from the interior had been drowned when the canoe in which their coastal friends were carrying them had struck a rock and sank. The tribe to which the drowned men belonged scornfully refused to believe the story of the accident.

No Papuan believes in accidental death; and any fatality that occurs is attributed to violence or to sorcery.

The bush tribe concluded that the coast people were to blame for the deaths and they got together a war party of 500 men. Marching down to the coast, they destroyed all the gardens of the coastal tribe, and murdered two women.

Before they could carry their revenge further the news reached Gaiberi at the Government station. The white officer was away on patrol, so Gaiberi took matters into his own hands.

With four constables and all the handcuffs on the station he set cut to meet the 500 raiders, and ordered them to surrender.

The raiders laughed. ‘‘You are five,” they jeered, “and we are many. What can you do to us?”

“I can do this,” said Gaiberi, and snapped handcuffs on the wrists of the leader.

“If you do not come with me now.” he shouted above the confusion, ‘T will come *o your villages with many men and many guns. There will be sorrow among you, and many dead men, and women crying.”

The raiders thought matters over. They knew the power of the Government, and they knew Gaiberi. In the end they threw down their spears. Gaiberi selected 100 of them and marched back to the station, where he locked them up.

Since then there has been no raiding in that district, and Gaiberi’s reputation is greater than ever.

Died Before Receiving Medal

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Mar. 5.

SENIOR Sergeant Gaiberi, the Papuan policeman who was awarded the King’s Police Medal, in the New Year Honour’s List in February, has died at Cape Nelson, in the North Eastern Division, before the medal was presented.

Tahiti'S Trade

Doubled Last Year From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Jan. 27. \ NNOUNCEMENT of the exports frcm and the imports into French Oceania, covering the first nine months of 1936, as compared with the same period of 1935 reveal the following: All copra exported in 1936 was sent to France.

Phosphates from the rich island of Makatea (within the colony—l2s miles north-east of Tahiti) were exported to Japan and Sweden —81,890 tons to Japan, and 12,802 tons to Sweden. 47 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Fiji’S New Bridge

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, Feb. 12. progress continues to be made '“J with the construction of the bridge across the Rewa River, 12 miles from Suva, one of the biggest engineering works undertaken in the colony. Work is now proceeding on the last two piers of the structure.

Its completion will do away with the cumbersome and inconvenient pontoon, which has served for many years, and which has to suspend operations nearly every time there is a fresh in the river.

Had the original borings proved accurate, the work would probably have proceeded faster. But in the case of the last two piers, though it was calculated that bottom would be found at 75 feet, a solid foundation had not been reached at a depth of 145 feet.

"Hector The Mexican"

Unusual Companion for Americans on Pacific Cruise r>AY KAUFFMAN and Gerry Mefferd, the young Americans, who sailed across the Pacific in the ketch Hurricane , were distressed to learn on arrival at Sydney of the death in Colombo of “Timi,” the Bora Bora lad who accompanied Dwight Long on his adventurous cruise.

Twelve months ago their trim little craft was at anchor in the shadow of towering Tai-manu, Bora Bora’s majestic landmark. There was much excitement in the village of Vaitape as Madame, who conducts the one hostelry, had received a mail from her son, “Timi.” The N.Z. newspaper clippings included a picture of “Timi” seated on an elephant in the Auckland Zoo. But “Timi” declined to accept Long’s offer to return to Bora Bora from New Zealand, and he sailed on to find a lonely grave in Ceylon.

The two Americans, however, have an equally interesting companion with them —“Hector,” a young Mexican. “When hear us calling him 'Hector,’ ” explained Kauffman before the Hurricane left Sydney in February for Lord Howe Island, en route to New Guinea, Java, Capetown and Europe, “they imagine it to be some kind of a joke. But ‘Hector’ he has always been and ‘Hector’ he will remain.”

“Hector” comes from the Yucatan, where many famous ruins have been discovered within recent years: he is of mixed Maya and Spanish descent. When he joined the Americans he could not speak one word of English. Like poor “Timi” had “Hector” now, however, has a broad American accent, Kauffman and his companion left Florida, in April, 1935, sailed down the American coast to Panama, then crossed to the Galapagos, and later spent some time in the Marquesas and the Leeward Islands. From Tahiti, they followed Dwight- Long’s tracks to Penrhyn, then sailed by way of Samoa and Fiji to Sydney.

Suva Bowling Club

SUVA. Feb. 20 AFTER a very successful year, the Suva Bowling Club held its annual meeting on February 11. Mr. J. H. H. Millett was again elected president for the 1937 season.

Other office bearers elected included: Patron, Sir Henry Marks; vice-presidents, Messrs. M. M.

Brodie and A, P. Matthews; committee, Messrs.

W. G'. Garnett, A. Goodfellow, J. Pederson, H.

Adcock, W. E. McGowan, R. Steward and Dr.

E. B. Buckeridge; secretary, Mr. C. C. Clark ; treasurer, Mr. M. M. Brodie; auditor, Mr. A.

Lewis.

Mr. James Daly, a prominent Frenchman in New Caledonia, reached Sydney by the Pierre Loti on February 8. He is a director of the firm of Barrau which has several branches in the French colony and also in the New Hebrides. Mr. Daly is vice-president of the Conseil-General at Noumea, which corresponds with the Executive Council under British law. 48 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 19 3 7

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Pages From The Past

By Julian Hillas

Captain Goodenough Visits Rarotonga THE credit for being the first white man to land on Rarotonga, in the Cook Group, is generally given to the L.M.S. missionary John Williams, to whom the approximate position had been supplied by converts in Aitutaki, 140 miles to the north.

To be strictly accurate, Williams was the third European known to have sighted the island —and the second to make a landing. The first and earliest was McCoy, one of the mutineers on the Bounty. Mention is made of this visit by the native pastor Maretu in his diaries, translated by Dr. Wyatt Gill.

“In that year (1788) there came here a very large ship, but the people did not land. Two canoes went off and bartered some goods, purchasing these with fowls, coconuts, and bananas. Makare (McCoy) was the name of the captain.”

On this ocasion, with characteristic opportunism, the Rarotongans managed to get away with a box containing among other novelties orange and pumpkin seeds, both of which were grown successfully on the island, so that the foundations of the fruit trade which developed a century later may really be ascribed to this fleeting visit of the Bounty.

THE second arrival, Goodenough, was a wandering trader. Little is known about him and such meagre information as has filtered down to us hardly redounds to his credit. To posterity his sole claim for remembrance is that he was undoubtedly the first European to land and spend some time on Rarotonga.

In 1820, Goodenough’s vessel appeared off Ngatangiia and came to anchor inside the reef passage at Vai-kokopu. She must have been a somewhat larger ship than was usually engaged among the Islands, since her crew consisted of six whites, including Goodenough and his mate Stevens, two New Zealand Maoris, a couple of Tahitians, and a brace of blackmoors. There were also four white women on board, bringing the ship’s company to a total of 16.

Sandalwood was ostensibly their object, but in this they displayed a singular ■ lack of knowledge, and within a few days had set 60 native men on to digging up the nono shrub (Morinda citi'ifolia) under an impression that it was what they sought.

Trouble, however, was soon started by local natives, who encouraged the visitors to take pigs, coconuts, and women belonging to neighbouring tribes. In this they were probably actuated by a desire to work off old scores at somebody else’s expense and, in all fairness to Goodenough’s men, it is equally probable that they were under the hoary and persistent fallacy that everything in the South Seas is simply there to be taken away without payment by the first stranger who takes a fancy to it.

Bad feeling was also caused by the native women showing a marked preference for the whites and being in turn carried on board the ship by them, a state of affairs which goes a long way to disprove the early missionaries’ contention that Europeans were wholly responsible for the regrettable absence of morality in these places.

VERETINI, one of the two N.Z. Maoris, distinguished himself by alternately preaching the word of God and. in his more strenuous moments, leading the Ngatangiia people against their hereditary enemies at Arorangi. In this latter and livelier work he was assisted by the Tahitian, Te Are, and together, on their initial outing, they accounted for four 49 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Suva, Lautoka and 9 m mm m of the Arorangi men who, being totally unfamiliar with the properties of the musket, had obligingly allowed themselves to be shot at short range.

Meanwhile Tupe, the remaining New Zealander, had been indulging in a somewhat more dangerous intrigue. Living ashore with a son of the local chief, he concocted a feasible little plot by which the white members of the crew might all be killed, although for what reason is not known. Unfortunately for his plans, a relation of the chief disclosed the whole scheme to the ship’s officers.

The following morning a party from the vessel entered the village where he was staying and called him by name.

On his appearance outside the house they promptly caught and killed him before returning on board their schooner One would thought that at this stage Goodenough might have come to the conclusion it was time to leave Rarotonga, but neither discretion nor tact seems to have been his strong point.

With an almost insane temerity he now began cutting the nono which g'ew on the great sacred marae near Ngatangiia. The desecration of their sacrificial and burial ground was in itself sufficient to invite reprisals on the part of the natives. But, apparently not content with what he had already done, Goodenough gave orders that a large store of coconuts belonging to the chief were to be brought on board the ship.

Vl/’HILST this was being done, Rupe, ** a brother of the outraged chief, pursued the thieves and, overtaking them with their plunder, at Titama, informed them that two of their number would be killed in expiation of their defilement of the marae. Continuing on h’s way. Rupe borrowed an axe from the family which had sheltered the late Tupe and, armed with this, set out seriously to find victims.

Passing through the district of Avana he came upon Veretini seated in the doorway of a house. He was very drunk, and two Rarotongan women were busy cleaning his head of lice, a favourite occupation with the frailer sex, who, to this day, rather than use a hair comb, prefer the simpler and more lethal method of cracking the insects between their teeth!

Into this domestic picture Rupe the Avenger brought a discordant note. Calling Veritini, he waited until the stupified man turned to look at him and then struck off his head at a single blow.

Scarcely had he bundled the body back into the house when Stevens, the mate, accompanied by another European, arrived on the scene. Rupe, taking the latter by surprise, cut him down without resistance. The mate meanwhile made off as fast as his legs could carry him and, reaching the beach a short lap in front of his pursuer, escaped in the ship’s boat.

The natives working on the vessel now became thoroughly alarmed lest they all be killed in revenge, but it must be placed to Goodenough’s credit that no harm befell any of them.

From Ngatangiia, Rupe went on to Matavera, where he found a third European whom he killed in the same manner as Veretini. At Pouara, he came upon a fourth and served him likewise. The bodies of both these men were subsequently cooked and eaten.

MEWS of this wholesale butchery came to the ears of another native, Moeitiki-oki, who immediately slaughtered the white woman Nati, at that time a guest in his house. By eating the body, he conferred on her the dubious distinction of being the first and last white woman to figure on a local bill of fare.

That evening, the surviving Europeans came ashore in force prepared to fight, but, hearing of their approach, the Ngatangiia and Avarua people fled to the hills where they remained six days, taking with them their family gods and more portable property. At the end of this period, the high chiefs descended with peace offerings and, these having been accepted, the customary ceremony of nose-rubbing was gone through, after which the whites returned to the ship, paid off their labour and, with a complement reduced from 16 to 10, made preparations for an immediate departure.

With the sailing of his vessel, Goodenough reverted to the obscurity from which he originally came. History knows him not again. Like an echo from the past his solitary note rings once in the great symphony of Time and is heard no more.

Mr. and Mrs. F. Russell and their three sons, Trevor, John, and Phillip, of Nehone, New Caledonia, who arrived by the February Pierre Loti, are at present spending two months’ holiday in Sydney.

Mr. Russell is an accountant with the American concern which is developing the chrome mine at Nehone. 50 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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No German Broadcast

Flat Denial From Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 20.

ACCORDING to press reports, a New Zealander, who has arrived recently in London, has stated in the Daily Herald that British rule is fiercely attacked in broadcasts to the natives of Samoa and New Guinea, emanating from German stations.

This statement is completely without foundations, so far as Samoa is concerned. No such broadcasts have been received in Samoa.

Apart from this, not a single Samoan native is in possession of a radio receiving outfit at the present time —though it is quite possible that the Samoans, with increasing prosperity, will become radio fans in the near future.

Rabaul'S Young Chinese

RABAUL, Feb. 10.

TT is interesting to note how progres- A sive the Chinese residents of Rabaul are becoming.

Two Chinese boys, sons of local merchants, recently left for Melbourne where they will enter Wesley College as hoarders. It is expected that the two scholars will matriculate and pass on to the University to graduate into one of the professions.

Both of them are ex-pupils of the Overseas Chinese School, at Rabaul, run by the Methodist Mission, where they received instruction in English and other subjects, which will fit them for life in an Australian school.

Samoa’S Mails

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 21.

A FTER a four months' interval, due to the American shipping strike, the first Matson liner, the Monterey has arrived at Pago Pago (American Samoa).

The mail communications of Western Samoa with U.S.A. and Europe have been completely cut off for several weeks, and the mails of November, December, January, and February are floating about somewhere in the Pacific.

"John Bolton" On B.S.I. Reef

From Our Own Correspondent TULAGI, Feb. 14.

SHORTLY after the departure of the Malaita for Sydney, the so-called “Nor-West season” set in. For practically a fortnight shipping and most other activities were held up, the breeze coming, with ample rain, chiefly from the souwest and west.

So far as is known, the bad weather was merciful to shipping, or perhaps owners were more careful or luckier than usual. The only incident approaching disaster was the grounding on January 28 of the M.S. John Boston at Hamerai, one of Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co.’s plantations in the Morovo Lagoon.

The vessel was on the reef for 17 hours and several hundred bags of copra had to be landed to enable the ship to be refloated. However, no harm was done except to the false keel, which is a device to take the brunt of these occurrences, inevitable in Solomon Islands navigation.

After she got off the reef, having been assisted by her own pinnace and the Marovo Estates’ auxiliary vessel, Annie, she carried on her scheduled trip to Roviana and Tulagi.

For the six months ended December 31, 1936, gold production from the Morobe district, New Guinea, was approximately 192,345 ounces, valued at £A1,057,122. 51 Paci« f I c Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Lepers From Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent Tapia, Feb. 17.

HE auxiliary schooner Makoa (Messrs.

Burns, Philp and Co.), which left Apia on February 13 for Suva (Fiji), where she will be overhauled, had six lepers on board, being sent to the Makogai Leper Station, in Fiji. Among the lepers are one Niue Islander, one Chinaman, and one Melanesian, with three Samoan women. It appears that of late the dread malady is on the decline in this territory.

Mr. F. H. Luff, manager of Dugumur Plantation, Madang, returned to New Guinea with his wife by the Montoro from Sydney on February 24.

Rise In Copra Price

Encourages Thefts of Plantation Nuts in B.S.I.

From Our Own Correspondent TTULAGI, Feb. 14.

RADERS in the Solomons have been paying up to and even over £1 a bag for copra. As a consequence, where villages are handy to plantations or areas where constant oversight is not possible, natives have been suspected of augmenting their own copra with purloined produce from estates. A few months ago they would not bother picking up nuts or cleaning their own groves.

A few successful prosecutions, if they could be managed, would nip this tendency to steal nuts in the bud.

One plantation owner has living on his boundary a native of slave descent, who is not entitled to own coconut trees.

This native has lately sold several parcels of copra, of about 2000 nuts at a time, to Chinese traders. The trader is not to blame, for he does not know whether or not a native has trees. Even so, natives who do not possess trees frequently cook for others (in which case the owner of the trees can bear witness) on shares or other arrangements; but the plantation alongside is always correspondingly short of output.

Natives are the first to complain if a plantation labourer or any unauthorised native gets away wPh so much as one nut. Howei cr, natives will not “pimp” on one of their own clan, even of slave descent, and convictions are hard to get.

The penalty should be correspondingly severe. When a native owning no grove sells copra, but cannot state where he got it from, he should be under suspicion, to say the least.

Radio For Tahitian Festivities

PAPEETE, Feb. 15.

HPO accumulate funds for the colony’s * contribution to the memorial to Marshal Foch, now being erected at Paris, France, a soiree was held at Papeete’s Cinema Theatre on February 10, and field sports and horse racing at the race track on February 11. Both were under the presidency of His Excellency Monsieur Sautot, Governor of French Oceania.

The soiree consisted of native chorus singing and vaudeville by local amateurs of real talent. This was followed by dancing, which continued until sunrise.

At the racecourse our local radio installed (for the first time) an apparatus to broadcast the description of the races and the band music to listeners about Tahiti and on the distant islands of the colony. At the leper stations on Tahiti, and on the remote Tuamotu island of Reao, the Government has placed radio receiving sets which bring much pleasure to the unfortunates living there.

Mr. Raymond Penny, leader of the only jazz dance band on the Morobe goldfield, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea by the Montoro in mid-February. 52 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Acid In Your Blood Kills Health and Vigour Kidneys Usually to Blame There is nothing that can so quickly undermine your health, strength and energy as an excess of Acid in your Blood. Every time you move your hand, take a step, or use even the slightest amount of energy, cells are broken down in the body and create Acids. This process goes on even when you are asleep.

Fortunately, nature has provided an automatic method of getting rid of these excess Acids. To get rid of these Acids nature provides that your blood circulate 200 times an hour through 9 million tiny, delicate tubes, or filters, in your Kidneys. It is the function of the Kidneys to filter out these healthdestroying Acids, and to purify the blood so that it can take energy and vitality to every part of your body.

But if your Kidneys slow down and do not function properly, and remove approximately 3 pints of Acids, Poisons, and liquids from your blood every 24 hours, then there is a gradual accumulation of these Acids and Wastes, and slowly but surely your system becomes poisoned, making you feel old before your time, run-down, and worn-out.

Causes Many Diseases If Kidney troubles cause you to suffer from Acidity, Getting Up Nights, Nervousness, Leg Pains, Dizziness, Frequent Headaches, Rheumatism, Swollen Ankles, Circles Under Eyes. Backache, Loss of Vitality, or Burning. Itching and Smarting, don’t waste time worrying and waiting. The natural thing to do is to help your Kidneys with the doctor’s special Kidney prescription called Cystex (pronounced Siss-Tex). Cystex works directly on the Kidneys and Bladder, and helps the Kidneys in their function of washing impurities and Acids from the system and in maintaining the purity of the blood.

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Rendelle, another widely-known physician and Medical Examiner, of San Francisco, recently said: “Since the Kidneys purify the blood, the poisons collect in these organs and must be promptly flushed from the system, otherwise they re-enter the blood stream and create a toxic condition.- I can truthfully recommend the use of Cystex.” £ 2,000 Money-Back Bond If you feel older than you are or suffer from any of the dangerous symptoms mentioned, your Kidneys may be the real cause of your trouble.

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RAROTONGA’S WOES Politicians’ Promises and the New Steamer Service From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Feb. 12.

THE Resident Commissioner, Judge H. F. Ayson, C.M.G., leaves by the Matua tomorrow for New Zealand where he is expected to remain at least a month.

Among the many matters which will occupy his attention there is the proposed erection of a combined cold storage plant and central packing-shed for the Island’s fruit crop, a project which is now before the Government.

Despite the astonishing fulsome delegation who recently visited the Cook Group, and the no less amazing panegyrics with which they regaled Parliament on their return to the Dominion, the fruit industry here remains in exactly the same parlous condition as it was prior to their arrival last July.

The ability to say beautiful things beautifully, and in such a manner that any or no meaning at all may be attached to them, seems an outstanding quality of present-day politicians. With fine phrases and an appropriately fruity delivery, the Parliamentary Committee succeeded in painting the local future in rainbow hues, without once making any definite statement that the sombre and drab grey of previous Governments would not be again used when it actually came to getting on with the job.

The Prime Minister —to quote Hansard —promised that action would be undertaken before Christmas. It is already the middle of February.

The long-looked-forward-to service by the Matua has so far proved of less benefit than that provided by the old mail vessels which, at least, had the advantage of being a direct one, whereas the new itinerary includes three other ports of call after leaving Rarotonga.

Furthermore, shipments from here by the Matua arrive simultaneously in Auckland with fruit, brought on the same ship, from Samoa and Fiji. Distribution, too, instead of being, as formerly, fairly evenly spread between Wellington and Auckland, is now centralised in the latter to the benefit of those interests to whom a glut on the market means a peculiarly juicy killing.

Obviously, something will have to be be done about this, unless the fruit industry of the Cook Islands is to sink yet lower. That, in view of the depths to which it has already sunk, would be ruinous to those engaged in it at this end. In 1924, orange exports totalled 176,369, and bananas 78,453 cases. In 1935 these had shrivelled to 48,260 and 22,539 cases respectively.

And this in the face of the Cook Islands having been, and being, administered by officials who, to quote the honourable member for Christchurch North, are marvellous people, carrying on uncomplainingly on salaries not commensurate with their work. Departmental experts and Resident Agents who have sacrificed profitable careers to render valuable service to the Dominion . . . delightful people one and all, moving gracefully and usefully among a native race whose state of bliss is beyond description—but is due largely to the fine free-handed generosity of a trading element which has maintained the highest traditions of good British commercialism.

From this effusion one might infer that Mr. Holland found the Cook Islands the last hiding-place on earth where brotherly love and human felicity meet on a common age of material prosperity.

Unfortunately for his Utopian dreams, Mr. Holland spent only a month on Rarotonga and, even in politicians, a little knowledge is a dangerous possession.

Turtles Are Welcome!

From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 16. late, turtles have made their appearance as rare but welcome guests in Apia Harbour. A member of the crew of the schooner Makoa recently caught no less than three large turtles, in one morning, when angling from the ship’s boat, using ripe bananas as bait. 53 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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ESTABLISHED 1888. BUILDERS’ SUPPLIES 107 REDFERN ST., REDFERN, SYDNEY, N.S.W. ’Phone, M 3157. Cables Bitumenoid Population Of W. Samoa Remarkable Increases In Native People From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 20. npHE tabulation of the census figures * relating to the native population of the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa has now been completed and the results have been made available.

They show the total native Samoan and Polynesian population at November 4, 1936, to be 52,266, compared with 36,688 in 1926, when the last official census was taken. The increase over a 10 year period amounts to per cent.

The Samoans are probably the only branch of the Polynesian race showing such a large proportionate increase, which is due to the high and increasing birth rate and the steadily decreasing death rate, especially the infant deaths.

It must also be taken into consideration that, during part of 1936, the infant death rate was extraordinarily high among the natives owing to an epidemic of whooping cough.

The Samoan native population is composed of 26,468 males and 25,798 females.

The count by age groups shows the following totals:— Male- Heads of families ranking as chiefs or orators (usually over 35 years of age) 3,100 Untitled men (commoners) age over 14 10,149 Boys 2 to 14 years old 11,534 Infant boys under 2 years 1,688 26,468 Female— Married women and unmarried women over 25 11,273 Girls from 15 to 25 years 2,777 Girls 2 to 14 yfears 10,457 Girls, infants under 2 years 1,361 25,798 The native population on the main island of the group, Upolu, is 34,657, distributed approximately as follows: Apia and neighbourhood, 14,000; North Coast, west of Apia, 6,500; North Coast, east of Apia, 6,500; South Coast, 7,500.

The large island of Savaii counts only 16,575 inhabitants (Samoans), 5,001 of whom live in the densely populated district of Faasaleaga. Of the smaller islands of the group Manono has 843 and Apolima 157 Samoan residents.

Included in the native Samoan population are a fairly large number of other Polynesians and Pacific Islanders as well as Chinese-Samoans, descendants of Chinese contract labourers and Samoan women. The figures are: — Niueans 210 Tokelau ; 122 Ellice ...... 87 Tongans 72 Melanesians _ .,— 28 Fijians 25 Wallis Is. .. 21 Rotuma 21 Gilbert Is 13 Other Islanders - 11 Samoan-Chinese 778 Samoans 50,878 52,266 Apart from 778 Chinese-Samoans in eluded in the Samoan population, there are an additional 127 Chinese-Samoans, descendants of Chinese free residents, included in the European population.

Of the Chinese-Samoan, offspring of Chinese contract labourers, less than 50 were born during the period 1903 to 1914 —i.e., under the German regime. The majority are born under the New Zealand Administration, 1914 to 1936.

The native Samoans belong to the following denominations (figures for 1926 are also given): — The Roman Catholics show the largest proportionate increase in numbers (68.7 per cent) ; the London Mission adherents have increased 35.5 per cent; the Methodists 33.5 per cent. Owing to their greater 54 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

N.Z. German Census Census 1926 1913 Native Samoans . 36,688 34,065 Europeans 2,291 1,582 Chinese and Melanesians 1,043 2,452 40,022 38,099 BUILD COMFORT COOLNESS

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PERMANENCE CROCKETT & CO. LTD., 379 Kent St., Sydney Cables; "Pinetree." activity, the smaller sects, Mormons and Seventh Day Adventists, have also made large gains during the last 10 years.

There are altogether 1,001 native Samoans in remunerative employment, working for a livelihood, 447 of whom are plantation workers on European or Government plantations. A total of 2,049 Samoans are living on European properties, mainly in Apia and neighbourhood.

The total population of the territory, European and native, as counted in the census is now composed as follows: Native Samoans 62,266 Europeans .... 3,095 Chinese and Melanesian labourers 585 Total population ..... 55,946 For the purpose of comparison it is interesting to quote the corresponding figures of the 1926 census and of the last German count taken in 1913. — The small increase shown in 1926 against former counts is mainly due to the heavy mortality caused by the 1918- 1919 influenza epidemic.

Dr. W. M. Ramsay, Fiji District Medical Officer, arrived in Sydney by the Esperance Bay in February on leave prior to retirement from the Civil Service.

Tahiti Chinese

Fierce Storm But No Ripple On Surface From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE, Feb. 10.

Chinese colony in French Oceania, * like Chinese colonies everywhere, while physically and economically in the place of its habitat, is mentally and politically resident in China.

The complexion of the local community has closely followed the political changes of Southern China. At one time, there were sharply divided monarchical and republican divisions. But as the Kuomintang developed ascendency at Nankin, that organisation at Tahiti has drawn into its allegiance all but a few die-hards.

The average Chinaman is garrulous enough about things in general, through the medium of pidgin Tahitian or (in the case of the educated) of French and English. When it comes to political and community affairs, however, everything is transacted behind the wall of the Chinese language, and very little of what is going on leaks out to alien ears.

The Kuomintang has erected a handsome building in the heart of Papeete.

The lower floor is used for school rooms to instruct Chinese children. The upper apartments are executive offices and club rooms. Until recently this institution has been in receipt of an annual subsidy from the Nankin Kuomintang.

From its inception, the Tahiti Kuomintang has been controlled by the directors of Kong Ah and Co. and their allies When that widely-spread commercial corporation came to grief, an investigation, forced by the anti-Kong Ah members of the Kuomintang, disclosed the practically total disappearance of the very considerable treasury funds of the association.

Then ensued a battle royal for control.

The situation, reported to Nankin, resulted in the discontinuance of the subsidy until the matter should be cleared up.

After a strenuous campaign the opposition to the Kong Ah control has won a sweeping victory, and a special delegate has been despatched to China to expose to the higher authorities the situation and to plead for the resumption of the subsidy.

All this has transpired without the least ripple on the surface of Chinese life in the islands that could be detected by an outsider.

Dr. A. M. Reid, who was formerly geologist to the Tasmanian Government, returned to Sydney from Noumea by the Pierre Loti in February after carrying out a survey for Chrome Alluvials Ltd., of Melbourne. Having closely inspected the properties in the south of the group which the company has under option, he recommended that Chrome Alluvials take up the leases. 55 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Radio Transmitters For Torres

Strait Islands

THE Chief Protector of the Aboriginals * in Queensland has evolved a scheme to provide wireless communication between a central radio station on Thursday Island and a number of the Torres Strait Islands. Fifteen mission stations and Government posts will be equipped almost immediately, as well as the Government ketch Melhidir.

Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Ltd. has accepted a contract for the installations. As some of the islands in the network are as far as 300 miles from T. 1., it has been decided, in the interests of economy, to equip the stations with low-powered transmitting equipment deriving power from small engine-driven generators.

Miss Olga Macco arrived in Sydney from Rabaul, New Guinea, by the Montoro on February 18, en route to Germany to be married. Older residents of the territory will remember her parents, who were well-known planters in New Ireland before the Great War.

Still No Decision!

Chinese Labourers In Samoa From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 19.

T'HE matter of the repatriation of the Chinese plantation labourers, whose contracts expire in August of this year, is still causing much agitation among the European planters.

No decision has been made by the N.Z.

Government so far, though a number of petitions have been forwarded to New Zealand protesting against the threatened measure, which would mean the ruin of the plantation industry.

The natives are enjoying a period of prosperity at present, and it has become increasingly difficult for planters, even at increased wages, to obtain Samoans for casual employment on their plantations.

The wages of Chinese plantation labourers have recently been raised from 1/9 to 2/- per day.

An intimation that the Socialist Government planned to repatriate the Chinese was given first by the “Goodwill Mission” in June, 1936—nearly nine months ago.

Papuans To Be Trained For Ministry r THE first two Papuans to be accepted for the Christian ministry were admitted as candidates for training at the Annual Conference of the Methodist Church in Sydney in February. They are two native catechists, Inosi Ugwaluba and Kelebi Toginitu.

Matters of interest concerning the Pacific Islands fields of the Methodist Mission were present to the Conference by Rev. J. W. Burton (General Secretary). He pointed out that during 1936 the accumulated deficit of £17,053 was reduced by £5,352, and is now the lowest for very many years.

Requests to the Conference from unmarried missionaries for permission to marry were granted to Revs. D. F. Boorman (Fiji), A. S. Jones, T. N. Simpson, and H. J. Pearson (New Britain).

The Conference agreed to the following transfers:— Rev. F. L. Nunn, Lautoka, Fiji, to Victoria.

Rev. L. A. McArthur, 8.A., Vunairima, New Britain, to Western Australia.

Rev. A. H. Wood, Nukualofa, Tonga, to New South Wales.

Rev. H. Chambers, Davuilevu, Fiji, to Victoria.

Rev. C. M. Churchward, M.A., Rotuma, Fiji, to New South Wales.

Rev. Maurice G. Wilmshurst, M.A., South Australia, to Ba, Fiji.

Rev. G. J. Flatten, Western Australia, to Vunairima, New Britain.

Rev. Stanley G. Cowled, New South Wales (formerly of Papua), to Fiji.

Rev. Ronald S. Walker, New South Wales (formerly of Papua), to Fiji.

Mr. W. Fowler, District Officer in the Solomon Islands, has been transferred to Nigeria, West Africa. 56 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 19 3 7

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Defaulting Recruits In Solomons

Fiji's Strange Indifference To Very Serious Problem From a Special Correspondent TULAGI, Feb. 19. the last two years, considerable loss and anxiety have been experienced by recruiters, and through them by every industry in the Solomons, owing to a situation which has its origin in Fiji’s apparent indifference to the welfare of the Solomons.

To realize the seriousness of the matter, it is necessary to explain the system under which any native needing employment overcomes the difficulty of getting in touch with a job.

For a start, one can set aside fables and adventure-stories, and a lot of the romance that popular imagination invests’ in anything pertaining to the savage isles and so forth. The fact is, that most plantations are situated in comparatively thinly-populated islands, where, by reason of the scarcity of population, land has been available for development.

But, on the other hand, natives in need of jobs are living on thickly populated islands where land has not been available for development.

To bridge the gap between the native seeking a job, and the employer needing the native’s services, there has been evolved the “recruiter.” He is simply running an employment bureau, taking the place of a “Situations vacant”, column. But he has also to provide the native with sustenance till he gets to his job, and transport to his job, and some form of advance to enable his relatives to carry on while he is away working.

It can be seen that “overhead” is pretty heavy.

In the old days, the relatives were given a present of goods (money being of no use to them); the applicant for employment signed on the licensed recruiter’s book; and the native was brought in for medical inspection, and to have his contract ratified by an official, who would see that the agreement between native and recruiter was aboveboard. Unless a native were medically unfit, too young, or otherwise disqualified, he had his contract ratified, and his wages started from the date of ratification.

It is to be observed that the employer, through his agent the recruiter, maintained and transported the native from the time he signed the recruiter’s book, until his arrival on the plantation. The employer also maintains the labourer for the term of his employment, and, further, after he has worked for the stipulated period until he arrives at his home, to which transport is provided by the employer—the recruiter doing the landing of the returned labourer.

It can be understood that all this maintenance and transport, which requires a ship and crew, and a responsible licensed ship’s master, costs money. This is allowed for in the recruiting fee; and so the recruiter makes his living.

The present situation is that, with the march of progress, the old-fashioned and ethically-wrong gift to the relatives has been replaced by an advance of the native’s wages (if he wishes it—and he always does) which in the first place is found by the recruiter (unless he makes special arrangements witli the employer).

This usually amounts to £3.

A ship’s expenses vary, but they are so heavy that, recently, several recruiters have had to abandon recruiting, as the fee of £7/10/- is too low to afford them a living, unless they are having continually successful trips. At festival times, and when native food is plentiful, successful trips may be very rare. This is in addition to the £3 advance, which, if provided by the recruiter, is refunded by the employer, being part of the employee’s wages.

Now, for the last two years, through a mis-wording or a misinterpretation of the regulation, and in any case through the indifference of Fiji to the strong representations of those who have any knowledge of the situation, natives have repeatedly accepted advances, signed with the licensed recruiter, been maintained for the period of the trip to the 57 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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'SS/T> 777/1 When dancing or at the theatre don’t forget now and then to dab a few drops of "4711” Genuine Eau de Cologne on temples and forehead; it will BWD refresh, invigorate, revive. iO El mm Genuine i Eau de Cologne recruiting ground, and then brazenly stood and, while admitting that they had agreed to the terms the employer’s agent offered, just would not go.

The ratification of labourers’ agreements is done only before responsible and conscientious officers, and there has never been any question of misleading the natives, or of breaking the very strict and strictly-enforced Labour Regulation.

Lucky recruiters are sometimes able to collect their £3, or some portion of it.

All the other expenses are lost. Unlucky recruiters lose the expenses, which the recruiting fee of £7/10/- would have covered, and the £3 advanced to the native out of wages which he brazenly refuses to do anything about. As a recruit is also entitled to his fare back home, another £2 worth, at the least, the loss runs into something about £l2/10/- for every defaulting native.

The very strongest representations have been made to the High Commissioner’s Office, and nothing has been done in the matter; but a reply has been received that nothing l will be done.

The number of labourers getting this expensive round trip increases, and the effect on the natives we are trying to improve is wonderful. What the effect will be on the planters, mining companies, and other employers, and eventually on the revenue, can be left to the imagination.

The situation is past comment. Whai is the Solomon Islanders’ curse (Fiji) going to do about it?

Mr. Arthur Gaye, C. 8., United Kingdom representative on the Board of Bri ish Phosphate Commissioners, arrived in Suva, Fiji, by the Triona in February.

Pattern Service

\A/E have arranged with a well-known Sydney * * firm of pattern-cutters to publish each month a diagram of a seasonable frock, patterns of which may be obtained by our readers direct from this office, post free, on payment of the sum stated under the diagram. Address your letter to “Pattern,” Pacific Islands Monthly, Box 3408 R, Sydney, and enclose a note giving the number of the pattern wanted and bust size, and enclose also the price of the pattern in postal note or stamps. The pattern will be sent by return mail. 3104 —This runabout frock, ideal for sport, has an alternate long sleeve. Skirt has a shaped hip yoke cut Vandyke at the base; on to this the skirt is attached, featuring an inverted pleat back and front. Neck is bordered with a roll collar of contrast. Material (for 36in. bust) : 3i yds. 36ins. wide; contrast, £yd. 36ins. wide.

Bust sizes 32 to 40ins.

"Talkies" For Tavua

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 9.

A N important event in the history of the Tavua goldfield took place recently when a newly constructed social hall was opened by Mr. E. G. Theodore.

This fills a long felt want at the field.

It is a commodious building of two storeys—the top floor being a ballroom, and the lower a “talkie” hall, equipped with up-to-date plant. The theatre has accommodation for 150 persons in chairs and 250 on forms.

Frock, 3104—1s. 1d. 58 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 19 3 7

Measure You

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Mail This Now

Kindly forward by return mail a copy of your LATEST 1937 CATALOGUE, the cover of which is illustrated above.

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77 York Street, Sydney

AUSTRALIA (Block letters] Address Fashion Hints for Islands Women By Therese PERFECTION lies in little things, and so the craze for novel accessories continues.

Little white dogs march in solemn procession across the front of a halo hat of navy taffeta. Little red dogs of ferocious mien keep guard on the lapel of a jacket.

Delicate trifles of lace go to the making of fascinating fans. Glittering gold and silver kid makes evening bags, belts, and most attractive flowers. Scintillating buckles and clips in exquisite designs trim evening gowns.

Gloves are both short and long. Eightbutton gloves are becoming with the three-quarter or push-up sleeve. White gloves hold their own and are always smart. Suede gloves are discreetly decorated with metal motifs. Almost indistinguishable from the real thing, suede fabric gloves come in a variety of colours.

Flowers in suede and leather add a striking touch to daytime clothes. Belts are worn to match them. Scarves are more intriguing than ever. Spots, stripes and jig-saw designs gay the dullest dress.

Hats are chic and amusing. Narrow and medium brims are popular, as are no brims at all. Brimless hats sporC stiffened veils, standing out like brims, and the very newest veils fly out from the back. Crowns soar or squash as flat as any pancake. Either style is in accordance with fashion’s decree.

All the chic of the hat depends on the angle at which it is worn. Usually a tilt to the right eye and slightly forward creates the greatest degree of chic, though the enchanting Mary Queen of Scots’ bonnet is won off the face and is full of charm.

The new materials for evening wear are little short of heavenly—cloth of gold rich and supple with never a metal thread to dim its brightness; rhinestone studded crepe; satins embossed with silver and gold; floral lacquered satins; and sequin scattered georgettes. Black spangled net floats like a cloud over shining sheaths of brilliantly coloured satin.

Many evening gowns are high of neck, with low decolletage. Most important of all, sleeves, whether short or long are the dernier cri. Fashion is very varied in her evening mood. G9wns are gayed with brilliant touches of colour, or glitter and sparkle with every movement.

A vivid green brace’et catches the green of the sash on the black cloque gown which buttons to the neck with myriads of buttons.

A gold lame dress sheathing the figure adds crimson velvet epaulettes. A panel buckled to the waist sweeps to the floor.

Voluminous net floats over the skirt of a slim satin evening gown. It is detachable, to give service as a cape.

Shirred and flaring out like a lampshade, a gold taffeta evening dress exudes Victorian charm. The hips are slim, and the shirs run from the hipline to the hem.

A black satin dinner gown is romance itself with its stiffened puff sleeves springing from a net yoke. The skirt sweeps back into heavy folds.

The Russian influence continues to sway us. Tunics are definitely to the fore, and evolved in lace, lacquered satin, lames and brightly floral taffetas, art delightful for festive occasions. In most instances the skirt beneath is column slim, the more daring, slit to reveal a well turned nether limb.

A Tsigany sash of scarlet and green, ties round the waist of a navy lace frock and endows it with charm.

Lovely beyond belief, a dinner dress of gold cloth sweeps out from moulded hips. Its sleeves, shirred at the. shoulders are three-quarter length. The bodice swathes high at the neck line.

Organza makes the sweetest and most ethereal of dresses for the ingenue, and a gown of misty grey swathes itself with pink, like the first pale flush of dawn.

The swathing ties in a sash, which reaches to the floor.

The line for day clothes is straight and youthful. Skirts are short and sometimes the shorter skirt mode is adopted

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tor evening wear with varied success.

Shoulders are broad, though more rounded than squared.

White is most favoured for trimming especially with black and all shades of blue. Off wdiite is definitely better with brown giving a softer contrast.

With this the natural chamois glove is perfection.

Black with blackberry is one of the chic combinations the new season offers.

Black hat, shoes, and a black belt worn with a double breasted cardigan is chic personified. Through a tab at the neck, a fringed scarf of palest lavender is slotted. A slim black skirt completes the ensemble.

Sports clothes show a trend towards novel details about the neck and shoulder line. Skirts are short, either flared or pleated.

A white linen jacket suit outlined with dahlia red fringe pins a two-tore posy on its lapel.

A large black straw hat tops a hazeblue georgette frock, printed with clusters of pink chrysanthemums. One large bloom trims the hat.

Pin tucks are well in use on plain coloured frocks and form a delightful trimming note.

Paisley dresses, blouses and scarves are really charming, the soft mellow colours toning wdth almost every colour.

Striped cotton dresses add brilliant cowboy scarves and a gay sombero is added for beach wear. The übiquitous sandal accompanies it.

Notable Wedding

Marriage of Daughter of Papua's Oldest Resident From Our Own Correspondent OPT. MORESBY, Mar. 5.

F great interest to all residents of Papua was the marriage of Mr.

Frederick Godson, of Itikinumu Plantation, Sogeri, and Miss Gladys English, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs.- A. C.

English, of Rigo, which took place at Ela Pi otestant Church, Port Moresby, on March 3.

The ceremony was performed by Rev.

D E. Ure, of the London Missionary Society. The bride and bridegroom were supported by the sister of the bride, Miss Margery English (bridesmaid), and Messrs. E. -J. Frame and Stanley A.

Greenland (best man and groomsman).

After the ceremony, Mr. and Mrs.

English entertained 60 guests at the Institute Hall. Among those present were: His Excellency Sir Hubert Murray (Lieutenant-Governor), Hon. H. W. Champion and Mrs. Champion, His Honour Mr. Justice Gore and Mrs. Gore, Hon. A. P.

Lyons and Mrs. Lyons, and Mr. and Mrs.

S. A. Greenland.

Following the bride and bridegroom’s toast, Sir Hubert Murray proposed tae toast of the bride’s parents. He remarked upon his many years of continued friendship with Mr. A. C. English, who had already been a resident in Papua for more than 20 years when he first took office in 1904. Mr. English, said His Excellency, knew the very early days when Papua was a Protectorate and known then as British New Guinea. Sir Plubert laid stfess on the dangerous state of the colony at that time, and the hardships and privations endured by Mr.

English, and later Mrs. English, when the demands made upon civil servants and settlers were such as are difficult to realise in these settled times.

Mr. English landed at Kerepuna in 1883, when there was no settlement whatever and the natives, except for the control of two white missionaries, were left to their bloodthirsty devices. At that time the coastline was visited only by traders, with occasional excursions by blackbirding schooners; but apart from these the country was practically unknown.

He first interested himself in making valuable collections of Natural History specimens and of native curios. Later, in 1889, on account of his knowledge of the natives and the country, he was appointed Acting Government Agent for Rigo by Sir William MacGregor. Resigning from the Government in 1907, Ml’.

English settled in the district, and engaged in planting and trading, within a few miles of where he first landed 54 years ago, and where he now resides with his wife and family.

Mr, C. R. Bignell, of Fulakora Plantation, Ysabel Island, British Solomon Islands, arrived in Sydney by the Malaita on February 28. 60 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Valuable Plants of Fiji By H. B. R. PARHAM ATTENTION once being aroused as to the variety of aromatic perfumes that may be extracted from the floral and sylvan growth of the Vei Kau, one is amazed to find what an endless procession of plant names there is to extol, for their aromatic essences. Most of them still remain unheralded and unsung.

As once the cry went forth, “there is yet corn in Egypt,” so most assuredly the very bush-birds might proclaim in true song that “there are yet stores of spicy fragrance to be exploited in the depths of Fijian forest glades, or beside the devious creeks running dreamily to the sea.”

For instance, consider the charm of the inflorescence of the noble Vutu (Barringtonia edulis) of the order Myrtaceae.

Anyone who has been in a boat on a river in Vanua Levu in the early morning, and has seen the dainty Vutu blossoms floating on placid waters will certainly agree with the poet that such “things of beauty are a joy forever.” Having smelt the exquisite scent of this white and pink flower, you will confess that such delicately spiced blossoms are eminently adapted to the making of perfumery.

They look, indeed, more like tassels of dainty floss-silk from some fairy workbasket, than flowers from a mere tree.

But take one in your hand, and inhale the delicious, piquant odour, and you will agree that the pretty thing reminds you of carnation flowers in some beautiful pleasance, and that if its seductive perfume could be extracted it would captivate at once all lovers of dainty essences.

Redolent of all the charm of moonlight nights in fair Fiji, the blossom should give its sweetness to a wonderful poudre d’amour, for the “beauty outfits” of fair women.

There is, too, a poetical glamour about the Vutu; and a very pretty conceit in one of its native names, less often known to the vulagi (foreigner). Among themselves they call the fallen Vutu flowers, “the tears of the night.” They do not, however, explain whether the tears are shed by the tree when it has to part with one after another of the fair flowers it has brought to life and perfection upon its wide-spread branches, or whether the tears are those of the drifting blossoms, as like rosy-flushed Naiads they go floating on the bosom of the river, and so away from the safety of home. Or perhaps it represents the silent weeping of the night itself, as each flower drops to punctuate the flight of time till dawn when these charming visitants fade or float away. ~lt is needless to trace further a perfectly charming proof that there was poetry in the Fijian natives before they were taught to mouth foreign ditties and exchange poetry for anthologies!

The Bele be'e (Badusa corymifera), belonging to the Rubiaceae order, is another charming shrub-like tree with pretty little flowers, glossy green leaves, and mauve stamens, tipped with yellow.

The flowers, which come out in March, have a very pleasant scent, which may be described as resembling the fragrance of ripe blackberries.

The Kai Viti at times use the Bele bele for perfuming their coconut oil, and it is certainly a pleasant variant from such strong essences as are obtained from usi and marcouvu (cinnamon).

An ancient Fijian woman, learned in all such old-time traditions, says that the Bele bele shrub grows at Naicobocobo, and is, therefore, most certainly a tevora (devil) tree. Since it grows at the “spirits’ jumping-off place,” it is, of course, found again in the spirit world, growing side by side with the ghostly Tarawau, the planting of which is the most important work of a disembodied spirit, according to old-time belief.

There are two other shrubs called Bele bele, but these are not so perfumed and belong to quite different plant-families. 61 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Mixed Marriages In Polynesia

Unions Made By Many Europeans With Attractive Daughters of Samoa By H. CHARLES REED, of Apia.

"VTEWCOMERS in these attractive islands of the Samoan Group appear to have considerable interest in the island ways of love and marriage—especially mixed marriages, which, from their intimate nature, are a subject rarely broached in print.

This writer has personally known, in Western Samoa, a great many highly respected men of gentle birth and of education who, in former days, chose to marry fair daughters of the island chiefs, or girls of part-European parentage, who are called “European-born” in Samoa.

Among those men who chose to make Samoa their residence and adopted home w r ere quite a number of professional men, including lawyers, doctors, dentists, surveyors, chemists, merchants and traders, master-mariners, schoolmasters, managers of plantations, and gentlemen of means . . .

It has often been said that there is a subtle charm and attractiveness about the comely daughters of the chiefly families of Samoa. That they can lay claim to an amiable disposition is true. “The Samoans certainly have learned the way to live and love,” the author of a wellknown book, once remarked. R. L.

Stevenson said, “I love Samoa —its people are a glad race.”

But in choosing a consort from among the light-skinned Polynesian daughters of Samoan chiefs, or from among the lighter-hued European-born girls, there are certain pros and cons that will need to be carefully weighed. A knowledge of Samoa, and an understanding or knowledge by residence of local conditions of the country and its people, are requisite.

All things being equal it must not be imagined that the most vivacious nymph will provide the best alliance. Milk and coffee need to be carefully blended. A sacred contract, such as marriage is considered to be, needs careful forethought, and that careful thought should be the responsibility of the man, in the writer’s opinion.

Most of the daughters of Samoan chiefs, as also the fair maidens of the European-born community, are fitted by reason of modern schooling advantages to more than hold their own in a conversation in English. They will, in general, have a pretty good insight of housekeeping and of domestic economy. The Samoans really do excel in the art of cake-making. With the sewing machine, as with the needle, the girls of these islands are adepts, and they usually cut and make their own costumes or frocks.

But when it comes to a discussion of the art and crafts of European origin one cannot expect a people whose environment, in most cases, has been that of the Islands from childhood maybe, to have even an understanding, far less a sympathetic, interest in such subjects.

They may be called illogical. Yet how can they appear otherwise? How can a people, whose parents in some cases, have but little evolved from the later Stone Age, have an intimate understanding of outside world matters, except, of course, those more fortunate girls who have travelled. Many young people of Samoa have visited New Zealand, Australia, and Europe.

The more versatile among the young women of Samoa will play tunefully on the piano, guitar, or ukelele. They are vivacious, and fond of the dance, the “talkies,” and the lagoon. But in this, perhaps they are not alone. They have beautiful voices and, with training, often

Leather Belts

Cor NATIVES / 7Han ufadurert & Specialists PATTERSON & STONE, CRICHTON WORKS.

WALSALL, ENGLAND.

Prevent Canvas Decay with CUPRINOL In tropical climates all canvas work should be treated with Cuprinol to preserve it from destruction by mould and mildew. Cuprinol is insoluble in water so protective salts remain permanently in the fibres of the fabric and absolutely prevent rot. Canvas treated with Cuprinol can be stowed wet without risk of deterioration.

The Director, THE NAVAL DEFENCE RESEARCH STATION, Copenhagen, sth March, 1934.

A/S Kymeia, Glentevej 61, N.

After the experiments made by the Naval Defence Research Station, on which a report was sent you on the 25th August. 1930, some of the Cuprinol-Treated pieces of sail-cloth were kept in the testing well, mentioned in the report.

On the 16th January, 1934, the said pieces of sail-cloth were inspected and were all found to be in a perfect state, having lost nothing of their durability.

We have not conducted tensile strength tests, as the samples were too small.

Pieces of unimpregnated sail-cloth, which had been plreed in the testing well at the same time, had rotted away long before. (Signed) K. T. A. JENSEN.

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Branches throughout the gold hearing areas Lautoka, Ba, Tavua, Penang, Nadi, and Slgatoka become good singers. A poetical sense is theirs, while they are keen on music.

The Island-born girls do not suffer the health shortcomings, such as white women usually experience, soon after residence in Samoa, and which frequently necessitate their leaving the islands at short notice, under a doctor’s advice.

Since the New Zealand occupation of Western Samoa, under Mandate (1914), mixed marriages in Samoa have been sternly frowned upon by officialdom: and those of the residents who have taken a stake in the country, or married a fair daughter of Samoa, in order to make this territory their home, by choice and adoption —these are, for most part, men who are engaged in planting, or shipping, or in the trade —are quietly, but callously, ostracised, by some unwritten law.

Mr. Stephan Savage has written on this topic as follows: “The colour bar and prejudice which exist to-day in these islands was virtually non-existant or unknown until very recent years.”

Mr. F. M. Keesing. in his scholarly work, Modem Samoa . page 458. says: “With the passing of frontier conditions, a growing number of white women, mainly the wives of officials, are coming to the islands, allowing the dev'e’opment of family and social life, from which, to greater and greater extent, Europeans married in the country, tend to be excluded.

“Sentiment against the half-caste (European-born, is the modern term) is manifested more openly. The visitor can hear in Samoa, to-day, stories to prove him ‘dishonest,’ ‘unreliable,’ ‘intellectually-inferior,’ etc. An increasing discrimination is being shown against all except the few who are in an unassailable position, because of their economic status.”

Editorial Note

TI/fR. REED, in the opinion of this ITI wr iter. has not dealt boldly enough with his subject—he seems to be afraid of giving offence to snuffy officialdom.

During a few weeks spent in Western Samoa, in 1936, I had the opportunity of meeting many European-Samoans. old and young and of both sexes; and I can say without hesitation that in beautv. intelligence and moral worth those “halfcastes” will compare favourably with nny equal number of people taken at random out of a European community. The young women especially are attractive— are almost all beautiful and vivacious, and what they lack in worldly knowledge they more than make up in amiability.

Smug people in Samoa, considering the “European-born” as a community, will probably find several reasons for discouraging marriage with Europeans: but if tbev would search out the truthful history of European-Samoan girls who have married Europeans and then left Samoa for the more tolerant communities of Australia and New Zealand, they would find, in almost every case, a record of a successful marriage and of happy motherhood. One visit to a social gathering arranged by the Polynesian Club, in Sydney, would supply interesting and reassuring evidence about such marriages.

There is a scientific explanation. The racial base of the pure Polynesian contains perhaps 30 per cent of Caucasian blood. Thus, a European-Samoan halfcaste is much more than a half-caste, and other things being equal future alliances of this racial product with Europeans need not be contemplated with alarm.—R. W. ROBSON.

Dr. S. M. Lambert, representative of the Rockefeller Foundation in the Western Pacific, left Fiji for New Zealand recently by the Matua to report on the health conditions of the Maori race for the N.Z. Government.

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If any difficulty, please write direct to; THE TILLEY LAMP CO. (Dept. P.M.) HENDON, LONDON, N.W.4 Closed Districts" in the Solomons Rennell and Bellona AN issue of the Gazette of the Western Pacific Commission of February 15 brought the “Closed District Regulation. 1937” (British Solomon Islands), into operation. The scope and purpose of the new law is thus described by the High Commissioner (Sir Arthur Richards): — Owing to isolation, difficulty of access, and absence of inducement to traders to operate there, the native inhabitants of the Islands of Rennell and Bellona had not, until recent years, been brought into contact to any appreciable extent with visitors from beyond the confines of their home islands. They had therefore largely retained their primitive character and customs and had avoided infection with many diseases which have taken such heavy toll of native lives throughout the Pacific Islands. In consequence they have not developed any immunity from, or resistance to, such diseases.

In recent years, as a result of visits of scientific and other expeditions, knowledge of the primitive conditions existing in the two islands has gradually spread and attracted other oversea expeditions and yachting parties. Missionary bodies are also taking a lively interest in the two islands. In consequence the visits of vessels are becoming frequent, and the introduction of infection, with heavy mortality amongst the natives, has demonstrated the urgent necessity, in the interests of the health and lives of these people, of Government control of oversea contact with the two islands.

The Closed District Regulation 1937 has therefore been enacted to give the Administration the necessary powers of control. Under the Regulation the High Commissioner may declare any area to be a closed district, and entrance into a closed district is prohibited, except in certain specified cases, without a permit issued by the Resident Commissioner.

It is proposed to declare the Islands of Rennell and Bellona to be a closed district under the Regulation, and, until health conditions in those islands are satisfactory, it is proposed to issue permits very sparingly, under strict conditions, and only to responsible and approved persons. Such permits will authorise a single visit only' of limited duration, and the conditions of issue will provide, amongst other things, that no natives shall be removed from a closed district without the Resident Commissioner’s permission.

Such permission will normally be limited to a small specified number of male natives and will be given only when the Resident Commissioner is satisfied that such removal is in the best interests of the natives concerned or of the native community and for an approved purpose such as education at an approved educational institution with a definite object.

The permit in such cases will require that all such natives shall be brought before a Deputy Commissioner or other specified officer for examination to ensure that they fully understand the purpose for which they have been taken from their islands; that they shall be medically examined and, if not certified as fit, that they shall be repatriated forthwith or after medical attention as the Resident Commissioner may direct; and that they shall be repatriated at any time they so desire.

Medical examination will be required of all applicants for permits and of every person on board the ship in which the visit is to be made, including any native of a closed district who is being repatriated, and permits will not be issued if the medical examination shows any indication of infectious disease. The ship will be inspected to ensure that it is in a sanitary condition, and a period of quarantine before the visit is made may be imposed.

It is not proposed at present to declare any areas in the Solomons Group other than the Islands of Rennell and Bellona to be closed districts.

Inspector A. E. Meredith, Officer-in- Charge of the Nabouwalu district, Fiji, was recently transferred to Suva. Mr.

Alan G. Rcay has been appointed to Nabouwalu. 64 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Blow At Usury

New and Drastic Law In French Oceania From Our Own Correspondent PAPEETE. Jan. 27 TX the official Journal of December 15, * 1936, notice is given of the promulgation of a law against usury. This law is embodied in a decree by the President of France “relative to the repression of usury in the colonies, protectorates and territories under mandate.”

The decree specifies as follows: — Article I.—All acts, under private signature, constituting loans of money, must be submitted to the visa (or endorsement) of a qualified official appointed to this duty by order of the Chief of the Colony. This visa will have for its object the certifying that, in the presence of this qualified official: (1) The signatures have been exchanged; (2) the cash money has been counted; 13) thfe sum so transferred is exact—without any reserve for commission—equal to that mentioned in the act under the private signatures creating the obligation.

Article 2. —All conventions not furnished with the visa (as provided in Article 1) are null and void by absolute law.

This nullity is a public mandate. It str kes equally all operations of which the object will be the conversion into a loan of money under a different form to evade the prescriptions of Article 1 of the present decree.

Article 7. —The conventions executed before the publication*©! this decree must on penalty of nullification prescribed in Article 2, be submitted, within a period of six months, to a visa special by qualified officials appointed for that purpose.

This salutary decree will, it is hoped, bring to an end in French Oceania, a state of affairs which has been cruel, ruinous and scandalous.

The exaction of usurious rates of interest was one of the contributing causes of the failure of Kong Ah and Company.

Its trail of hardship, ruin and suffering extends back through many years in the history of the colony, and gratitude to the authorities for enacting this law will be deep-seated and universal among all except the usurers themselves.

Handcuffs Are Tabu In

SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Feb. 20. \I7HEN a number of cases were heard ** before Apia High Court, in which natives, caught by the recently-appointed ranger of the N.Z. Reparation Estates, were charged with trespassing and stealing breadfruit on Government plantations, the Commissioner of the Court (Mr. R. V. Kay) took occasion to admonish severely the ranger for using handcuffs and ropes on Samoan offenders. He said that this practice was strongly resented by the natives and might easily lead to serious trouble.

Torres Strait News

From Our Own Correspondent THURSDAY IS.. Mar. 1.

"THE j>earling luggers have commenced to move * off for their first drift this year, but many have been held up through the lack of foodstuffs on the island. This is due to considerable short shipping of cargo during the past few months, Darwin being favoured instead of T.I.

The local branch of the Returned Sailors and Soldiers’ League is urging the Government authorities to arrange for an additional line of steamers to call regularly at Thursday Island. The existing services are frequerttly unable to deal with all our passengers and cargoes.

Thursday Island State School now has Mr.

Robert W. Elmes as its assistant teacher. He was transferred from Rockhampton.

Constable Galagher, of the local Police Force, has proceeded to Brisbane on recreation leave.

Messrs. A. T. Shields and M. R. Peters have come from Brisbane to join the staff of shipwrights at the Port Kennedy Shipyards, which are experiencing a busy season.

After a sojourn here of several months amongst their old friends, during which they witnessed the marriage of their eldest daughter, Gladys, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest J. Hennessey returned by the Marella to Southport, Southern Queensland.

Mr. Leslie White, Jnr., of the Port Kennedy Shipyards, left for Brisbane by the last Marella.

Pilot MacDonald recently made another flight from Cairns bringing Mr. Schwabe, of Innisfail, North Queensland, to take up duties as the new engineer-manager for the T.I. Electric Authority, replacing Mr. Partridge.

Mr. and Mrs. D. C. J. Fell returned to T.I. by the February Merkur. They are attached to the local Quarantine Station.

Di. D. A. Dowling, who has been here for some three years as Chief Quarantine Officer, has been transferred to Sydney. Dr. O’Connor has arrived in his place.

Mr. and Mrs. Wust have been appointed by the Queensland Government Aboriginal Department to the charge of Poid Village on Moa Island.

Torres Strait.

Mr. Frusner has taken charge of Badu Island School until the return of Mrs. Zahel. when he will be given the permanent headship of another Torres Strait school.

Monsieur Chastenet de Gery, who recently was appointed Governor of the French Settlements of Oceania, arrived at Papeete, Tahiti, by the Ville d’Amiens on March 17.

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Mr. H. E. Hallam has resigned from the position of manager of Mandated Alluvials NX., of Papua.

Lord Moyne Finds Much To Criticise Singularly Ill-informed Comment By Rich Yachtsman In New Guinea VV E have not been supplied with a ** review copy of Walkabout, a new book by Lord Moyne, and we are not prepared to pay 34/- Australian for one; so we must be content to base our criticism of the book on a lengthy and generous review which was published in the Melbourne Herald.

Lord Moyne is a wealthy gentleman who, over a year ago, visited the East Indies, Northern Australia and New Guinea in his yacht, Rosaura. He has tried to write learnedly and authoritatively about the condition of native peoples in these several territories; but one unfortunately gets an impression of snap judgments, inadequately based, and of superficiality. He is very ready to criticise and condemn, on purely hearsay evidence. He seems to be eager for recognition as a savant, without having the savant’s equipment—a failing common enough among rich men. Money cannot buy brains, thank God!

Those Pygmies

We need not accompany Lord Moyne through the East Indies and Australia; but New Guinea may be interested in the result of his investigations thereabout.

He claims to be the discoverer of a race of pygmies in New Guinea, among the Aiome mountains. The average height of the males is 4ft. 6iins., and they were shy, friendly, and indescribably filthy.

Certain well-known missionaries have challenged this claim; they say that these pygmies were found and scientifically described long before Lord Moyne was heard of in the South Seas.

Attack On Missionaries

Like dozens of other uninstructed and therefore mischievous scribblers about the Pacific Islands, Lord Moyne is highly critical of the missionary system. He makes the astonishing discovery that the uprooting of old customs and their replacement by doctrines entirely alien to the native mind in their origin and character appears wrong. He fears that, “although the missionaries were able to destroy the old beliefs, it was doubtful whether they succeeded in putting any real conviction in their place.”

He also resents the destruction of native art by the missionaries, which is, he declares, not only a loss to ethnology but inflicts material change on the native craftsman; and he was glad to find that General McNicoll, the Administrator of Mandated Territory, takes an enlightened view of this matter. The natives under his control are encouraged to retain all such of their old customs as are neither cruel nor unhealthy. “I often heard the opinion in the Mandated Territory,” observes Lord Moyne, “that missions deliberately set about destroying the colour and gaiety of native life, thinking that they may thus drive the people to church as the only escape from their drab existence.” Which is typical of many silly observations in the book.

Of course, the mission system is full of weaknesses, which had been described in a much more convincing fashion by clergymen themselves long before this amateur author came upon the scene.

Lord Moyne may be interested to know that Sydney’s fiercest critic of the present missionary system is a missionary who is himself actively in harness.

The trouble is to devise a system that will work better. The present system with all its faults does at least bring some better social organisation among the natives, and some idea of hygiene, and it introduces standards of moral conduct and simple methods of education where otherwise there would be nothing.

Without the missions the condition of the natives in contact with Europeans would be calamitous indeed. But can the interests affected be got together and persuaded to remove the defects of the mission system, any more, than Lord Moyne’s financial and commercial monopolists can be persuaded to reform their system? Destructive criticism is very easy.

Germans In New Guinea

“What I learnt about German missionary effort in the Mandated Territory has greatly increased my uneasiness,” he writes. “The newly arrived young German missionaries who are pouring into the country are said to be full of resentment against the Administration which has replaced the former German rule, and are often active propagandists for a return of the old regime. They also adopt a more fanatical hostility to the native traditions and culture than older and wiser men.”

This, it is to be feared, also is unsoundly based. For over a year, we have been on the look-out for evidence 66 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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G.P.0., SYDNEY to support a suspicion, held in some quarters, that those German missionaries are political agents of Hitlerism; but we have not been able to obtain anything'at all. All the evidence we have is that most of the Germans behave themselves properly and are entitled to our respect and protection. They apparently know, as sensible men, that if they do not faithfully observe the laws of the country wherein they reside, they will be thrown out, in quick time. Lord Moyne has said either too much or too little.

Various Criticism

Lord Moyne finds much to condemn — he does not like the head-binding people of New Britain, nor the body-scarring practices of other districts. Presumably, he never has heard of English sailors who tattoo their bodies, or English women who pierce their ears and pluck their eyebrows.

He condemns pidgin-English as a ‘‘monstrous parody of English mixed with a few words of German and missionary Latin ... It really seems absurd to puzzle the natives with such a linguistic, outrage, and it would surely be better to instruct them in a uniform system of simple English.”

From which it would appear that the unfortunate man knows nothing at all of the history, purpose and use of Pidgin.

His comment is singularly ill-informed.

The author is pessimistic about the future of these native races. ‘‘Primitive populations, however, have not been exterminated merely by the more obvious agencies of slaughter and disease. In many cases, the reasons for natives dying out in contact with Western civilisation are due to deeper causes, which are unfortunately but little understood . . , Psychological problems cannot be easily solved. Different races probably need different rules of life, and what suits one may be fatal for another.

Our own civilisation has developed accidentally, and is not the result of integral planning.”

The gentleman certainly is a master of the art of writing cheap and superficial rubbish and persuading himself that he is being profound. Incidentally, he should sail around in his Rosaura to Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand, and a ffew similar places, and find out why the natives there are increasing steadily in numbers. —R.W.R.

“Matua’S” Race To Port

From Our N.Z. Correspondent AUCKLAND, Mar. 8.

THE Matua’s last voyage from Suva to New Zealand ended in a thrilling race to port through the illness of one of her passengers, Mr. H. Selwood, cf Nukualofa, Tonga.

Mr. Selwood became ill when the vessel was 24 hours out from Auckland, a distance of 270 miles. *The Matua's speed was increased to 17 knots, so that she reached port eight hours ahead of time. Mr. Selwood was rushed to hospital immediately the vessel berthed.

Sea-Plane To Aid Search For

Papuan Oil

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Mar. 4.

TT\R. CREEK and Dr. Schumacher, geologists of Papua Oil Development Co., recently arrived in Port Moresby from their company’s large oil concession in the west of Papua, where they have been making investigations up the Fly and Strickland Rivers. After a shoft stay in Port Moresby in connection with future operations, they will proceed again to the west.

It is reported that Papua Oil Development are expecting a seaplane shortly to aid them in their rapid work of investigation. With five vessels and a staff of 30 Europeans at their disposal, it is expected that if oil exists in their concession it will be located in the shortest possible time. 67 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

*Dec. 19 Jan. 23 Feb. 20 Ore (dry weight), tons 1957 2080 2102 Fine gold, oz 787.4 1027.7 997.6 Head value, dwt 8.04 10| 10 3 * Three weeks.

Nov. 6J Dec. 4* Jan. 28f Feb. 25 Ore, tons 1,627 1,500 1,853 2,359 Bullion, oz 452 487 352 365 Value, £A 3,550 3,600 2,773 3,194 rjlMill stopped five days for engine overhaul. :: Mill stopped 5i days owing to engine breakdown.

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The Famous SCOTCH Whisky Pacific Islands Mining Notes From Fiji loloma gold mines n.l.

AS? RESSING shareholders of Loloma Gold Mines N.L Tavua, Fiji, at the annual meeting Dec ® mb ® r last year, the chairman of directors (Mr. P. Cody) pointed out that it might be necessary, early in 1937, for the board to give consideration to the best means of arranging further finance by making a call of 1/- a share on the contributing shares, or by some other satisfactory method.

The directors have now decided not to make a call, but to issue 75,000 shares of 5/- each, paid to i/e, on payment of .€1 a share. Shareholders will be given the opportunity of subscribing to the new issue pro rata to their holdings, on the basis of one new share fof every' ten shares held.

The management reports that since the general meeting a vigorous developmental and prospecting policy has been carried out including the sinking of the main shaft a further lift of 100 ft. to the 220 ft. level. Preparations of the adits and the equipment of the main shaft to supply full ore requirements for the new treatment plant is now in hand.

In addition to the company’s financial obligations for the above programme there will be the outlay to complete the erection of the company’s treatment plant, together with its share of capital expenditure to be incurred by Tavua Power pty.

Ltd. For these reasons, more capital than was originally estimated will be needed. By making this new issue of shares, the directors consider that when production operations commence the company should be free of all financial obligations for plant and other expenditure.

As the development work at the mine at Tavua, hiji, has been curtailed, and the principal work now being carried on consists of the sinking of the main shaft and the stripping and timbering of No. 1 adit in preparation for ore production for the new plant, the directors have decided to discontinue the fortnightly cabled reports for the next few months. In future, monthly mine and construction reports will be mailed to the Melbourne office by the general manager in Fiji,

Emperor Mines Limited

The mine of Emperor Mines Ltd., Tavua, Fiji, is being opened up, and the plant is also ’being assembled in preparation for the output required when the new mill is in operation. Heavy rains hampered work for the period ended February 20.

Returns for the last three periods are compared in the following table: PACIFIC GOLD. N.L.

Results of diamond drilling carried out by Pacific Gold N.L., on the property at Wainevisi, Fiji, are contained in a circular issued to shareholders.

The first bore, which was expected to intercept the lode at 134 ft, was continued to 271 ft without result, and the bore was eventually abandoned owing to broken ground. No. 2 bore was commenced at the entrance of No. 2 adit*, and apart from about six feet of soft lode, formation carrying a little blende and copper pyrites oncountered at 136 ft, this borehole also gave negative results.

From 136 to 220 ft, where boring ceased, the country was in unaltered andesite.

A two months’ free extension of the option over the property having been secured, a third bore has been started at a point approved by the late inspector of mines in Fiji, at a bearing of 150 deg., 214 ft from No. 2 adit, the angle of the hole being 75 deg., bearing 360 deg. with the object of testing the likelihood of the lode being in floors.

MOUNT KASI MINES LTD.

Output of Mount Kasi Mines Limited. Fiji, for the last four months has been:— From New Guinea SANDY CK. GOLD SLUICING LTD.

PREPARATIONS are being made by Sandy ' Creek Gold Sluicing Limited, New Guinea, for the installation of a second hydraulic sluicing and elevating plant. The new plant will be located on the Poverty Creek area, and is expected to be in operation before the end of May.

To provide a thoroughly satisfactory water supply with which to operate the plant, use is being made of the company’s water right on Coldwater Creek. Two water races will be necessary, one to bring water from Coldwater Creek to the company’s property, and the other, in the vicinity of Poverty Creek, to carry water to the site of operations. Both races are under construction.

The estimated total cost of the races, the new plant and everything necessary to allow the plant to reach the stage of production, is well within the company’s available funds.

Preliminary testing operations recently carried out on the breccia deposit were considered by Mr.

R. J. Winters, consulting geologist, to warrant further prospecting. Arrangements have been made for him to carry out further testing operations on this deposit. Mr. Winters is now on the property.

Yields for the last three months are compared in the following table: — 68 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Dec. Tan. Feb.

Cubic yard 785 000 899.000 885.00"* Bullion, oz 17,471 16.978 18.358 Gold, fine oz 12,027 11,797 12,726 VALUE— Aust, currency * £105.236 £103.223 £111.352* Per cubic yard ... /32.1 /27.5 /30.2 Workimr profit ... £75.451 £75,285 £77,6511 * At £A8/15/- per fine ounce.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Edie Creek mills— Gold. oz. fine 793 860 1,435 Silver, oz., fine _ 2,462 3,067 Alluvial— Gold, oz., fine 941 645 714 Silver, oz., fine 673 476 535 Golden Ridges mill — Gold, oz., fine 1.592 1,132 1.643 Silver, oz., fine 1,169 908 1,176 Operating profit— Edie Creek £1.049f £93 £4,333 Alluvial £3,798 £1.942 £2,732 Golden Ridges £6,874 £3,359 £8,562 t Operating loss.

Tonnage and gold output for the last four months are compared below:— Nov Dec.

Jan.’"

Feb.t Treated tons 2057 1946 1840 1960 Bullion, oz 2638 2421 2433 1905 Gold, fine oz. 626 588 554 609 Silver, fine oz 1965 1638 1800 2208 Est. value (£8A) £5103 £4784 £4524 £5007 Value per ton 49/7 49/2 49/2 51/1 * Two days’ work lost (approximately 150 tons Iff ■ m m ir->r sa # w./H/wor The ...

Headquarters House for Engineering Supplies For All Tracies Lifting Tackle Rope Blocks, Chain, Hoists, Jacks, Ropes, Slings, Winches, etc.

Blacksmithing Equipment We carry complete stocks r a -i \r n *ii* \of Tools for the Carpenter, Forges, Anvils, Vices, Drilling i .

Machines, Grinders, StocTs and Blacksmith, Engineer, Dies, Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws. | Mechanic & the Handyman.

CUR RANGE OF MINING MACHINERY INCLUDES: Thompson Centrifugal, Nozzle and Gravel Pumps. Stamper Batteries, Rock Breakers, Sluicing Boxes, Battery Screening and Plates, Mining Tools, Corduroy Mining Cloth, Amalgum Retorts, etc.

“ESCA” Guide Book or Tool Catalog sent on request.

Headquarter* - House - EDWARD ST BRISBANE S.S(?A NQBronch STURTS? lOWNSVIUE CNOINEERINf) Sumy c?of AUSTEAIM I?

W. M. FORD Ship, Yacht and Boat Builder Berry's Bay - North Sydney (Established 1870) BUILDERS of all kinds of Island Craft from Dinghies to Auxiliary Schooners of any tonnage. New and Second-hand Island Craft of various types in stock.

New and Second-hand Full Diesel, Crude Oil, Benzine and Kerosene Engines.

Please Send on Your Enquiries SUNSHINE GOLD DEVELOPMENT LTD.

Sunshine Gold Development Limited reports that the re-welding internally of the balance of the syphon pipe line was completed on February 9. The pressure pipe line was finished on February 19, and the re-bedding of the high pressure pipe line and the re-laying of the nozzle pipe line on February 25. Sluicing recommenced on February 26.

BULOLO GOLD DEPOSITS LTD.

Bulolo~~Gold Deposits Limited issued the following report on production and general activities, oh March s: Nov. Dec, Jan. Feb.

Wash. cub. yd. 9.200 40.000 37.000 24,200 Cold, oz 238 80 120 86 The return from the Morobe property represents about 10 days’ work only, mostly in the process of opening out the face. From now on a much larger yardage will be sluiced pending the completion of the water race and installation of elevating plant.

The company has taken up an area of 45 acres on the run of gold adjoining the Morobe property.

UPPER WATUT GOLD ALLUVIALS N.L.

A brief radio message from Wau, New Guinea, early in March stated that a heavy flood has caused two breaks in the water race of Upper Watut Gold Alluvials N.L. It was estimated the damage would take five or six days to repair.

BULOLO GOLD DREDGING LTD.

Production for the four dredges of the Bulo'o Gold Dredging Ltd., for February, compares with that of the previous two periods as follows: NEW GUINEA GOLDFIELDS LTD.

The last report issued by New Guinea Goldfields Limited shows productions as follows: — Reduced production at Edie Creek in December was due to stope preparation on lower levels.

Fall in production at Golden Ridges for December was due to a lower grade of available ore reserves.

ENTERPRISE OF N.G. GOLD AND PETRO- LEUM DEVELOPMENT N.L.

Reporting for the period to February 6, Mr.

Harold Taylour, manager of Enterprise of New Guinea Gold and Petroleum Development N.L., New Guinea, stated: —- Monitor sluicing and elevating in very heavy wash continued at mines in Surprise Creek and Oriabanda areas. In Edie Creek area development work continued on Edie mine. Drainage adit advanced to 250 ft. from portal. Heavy ground encountered, requires much timbering. Retimbering No. 1 W. drive on main lode continued.

Metallurgical testing of mine ore commenced.

Excavations for mine ore bin commenced. Timber landed for construction of pilot plant. Arrangements made for erection of housing to cover cyanide vats. Start made with erection of additional native labour quarters. Employees now number 12 Europeans, two Asiatics and 155 natives employed on mines.

A later message said that the gold yield for February was 81ozs. 2dwts. of retorted alluvial gold. This was obtained from 7655 cubic yai’ds, consisting of over-burden 3775 cubic yards and wash dirt 3880 cubic yards.

From Papua MANDATED ALLUVIALS N.L. ki ETALLURCICAL tests of the ere have been practically completed by Mandated Alluvials, Papua, with the exception of data as to flotation possibilities.

The management reports that good results have been obtained by a simple percolation of material crushed through ordinary battery mesh, an average of 84 per cent of the gold in the ore having been obtained. A simple plant therefore should satisfactorily treat the ore, and estimates of the cost of such a plant are being obtained.

CUTHBERT’S MISIMA GOLDMINE LTD.

In view of the establishment of a wireless station at Misima Island and the death recently of the local secretary of Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine Ltd., the directors have decided to change the address of the registered office from Port Moresby to the mine office at Umuna, Misima Island, via Samarai. The change in location of the registered office will permit effective work and economy.

FIJI Mid-Oct.

Mid-Jan.

Mid-Mar.

Emperor Mines bl5/l| b!9/b!9/9 Granite Dev bUd b6d b9d Koroere s3/9 s4/6 b3/9 Loloma b24/b23/3 b25/7£ Mineral Dev b9d bl/9 bl/G Mt. Kasi b7/10 b6/6 b6/3 Mt. Morgan Dev. ... bl/6 sl/3 bl/- Pacific Gold .. b£4 s£5 Tavua Dev bl/4 b81d s6d Vess United s3d s3d blid

New Guinea

Bulolo Deposits b2/lj bl/5 bl/4 Bulolo G.D s£7/7/s£8 s£7/10/- Developments (New Guinea) .. s£2/10/- Enterprise of N.G. and Petroleum b£2 b£2/10/b£2/17/6 Guinea Cold s!5/4 s!6/2 Irowat bl/1 s5id bUd Morobe All. , — sl/6 b9d N.G.G. Ltd b4/91 b4/10 b3/2 New Morobe — s£l sl5/- Oil Search b3/l b3/4 b4/3 Placer Dev b£4/18/b£4/19/3 b£5/6/- Sandy Ck blld bl/3 bl/4 Sunshine Gold b!2/7 b!5/bl6/- Upper Watut b2/l bl/9 bl/6 Cuthbert's Misima G'.M.

PAPUA b!8/7i b24/4J b25/4t G.M. of Papua b7/l blO/5 1)13/9 Mandated All bl4/bll/b3/- Oriomo Exp. b3/ll b5/3 b5/- Yodda Gold Co b3d b2d b2d Mining Machinery... of all classes, including : Bucket Dredges Sluicing Plants Gravel Pumps Nozzle Pumps Elevators, Nozzles, Piping, Valves, etc. k

Gravel Pump Illustrated

is one of two (2) |2in. size, capacity 80 to 100 c. yds. solids per hour against 60ft. head. To be driven by 190 h.p. motor. Casings, liners and base-plates have been sectionalised for aeroplane transport, maximum lift being 3000 lbs.

Made For The Upper

Watut Gold Alluvials

N.L., N. GUINEA.

THOMPSON’S ENGINEERING & PIPE CO. LTD.

Castlemaine, Victoria

Cable Address: "THOMPSONS, CASTLEMAINE."

Sydney Office Kembla Building 58 Margaret Street

ore) , owing to Christmas holidays. In addition to bullion produced in January, approximately £350 worth slags and ashes was produced and shipped for realisation. t Month to February 23.

Misima Reefs Limited

Misima Reefs Limited, Eastern Papua, reports that certificates for shares in the Company have been received by Mr. H. R. Lockwood, 860 Collins Street, Melbourne, for distribution to members of the vendor company, Misima Gold Reefs (New Guinea) N.L. The latter concern is now in voluntary liquidation.

NEW B.S.I. GOLD CO.

TO carry on mining operations on the * island of Guadalcanal, in the British Solomons, South Kiki Gold Limited has been formed with a nominal capital of £50,000 in 400,000 shares of 2/6 each.

The company was registered in Canberra, N.S.W. Its first directors are Charles H. Smith and Shirley Hall. Subscribers to the company are: J. G.

Palmer, C. B. Lene, J. B. Ferguson. A. R.

Moffit, J. D. Locke, V. C. McQuade, and E. N. Newton, all of Sydney.

Mr. A. L. Armstrong, Assistant Colonial Secretary of Fiji, accompanied by Mrs. Armstrong, has returned to the Colony after long legve spent in England.

Mr. Cedric Croft, of the N.G. District Services staff at Salamaua, reached Sydney by the February Montoro.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Jones, of the New Guinea Mission’s headquarters staff at Dogura, Eastern Papua, were passengers by the Macdhui to Sydney early in March.

Quotations for Islands Gold Shares Mr. V. G. C. Tisdall, who has been for some time with the staff of the Bank of New South Wales at Levuka, Fiji, has been transferred to Suva.

Stole Fiji Yacht

Four Indians In Court From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Feb. 24.

"THE four Indian youths found on the 1 yacht Seafarer, stolen from her moorings in Suva Harbour in December and brought back a month later from the Lau Group where she had run ashore, have appeared in the Police Court. The preliminary hearing has created a great deal of public interest.

The accused, who are between 17 and 19 years of age, are Ramshankar, Abdul Gani, Suinath, and Veeraiya. They were charged with larceny of the yacht Seafarer, valued at £9OO, and a small dinghy.

The Indians were not represented by counsel.

Evidence given by one of the owners of the Seafarer stated that there was £33 worth of gear missing when the boat returned to Suva. Part of the sheathing on the hull had been stripped and the hull damaged. The name on the yacht’s stern and on her lifebuoys was painted over.

The Fijian Buli of Fulaga, who was mainly responsible for the capture of the boat, alleged that the accused said they wanted to go to Tonga. He added that they had no food or water on board when they ran ashore at Fulaga.

The hearing was adjourned until further witnesses from the Lau Group arrive in Suva. 70 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23. 19 3 7

Beebe (B.B.)

Portable Hand Winches

2 Ton Capacity ' 5 Ton Capacity Weight 66 lbs. | Weight NO lbs.

Excellent for loading heavy machinery —erecting pipe lines—bridge building— moving boulders from alluvial workings —and for all mining purposes. * BEEBE HOISTS cannot be broken by men in hand use.

Prices and Particulars Nelson & Robertson Pty. Ltd.

SYDNEY MINING and ROAD.

Making Equipment

Manufactured by the Cardner-Denver Co.

Drifting Drill Model D 79

The D 79 is a 3 bore Drifter following the streamline design first conceived by Sardner-Denver engineers. By fitting a Spring Handle this drill can be quickly converted for use as a Sinker.

Orders have recently been received from Broken Hill Pty.

Co. Ltd., Bendigo Mines Ltd., etc.

Write for full information of Gardner-Denver Products The Gardner-Denver Model 555 Hand-held Drill Perfectly balanced and embodies the greatest drilling capacity at which the qualities of easy riding and conservative air consumption are maintained.

NOYES BROS. (Sydney) LTD 115 CLARENCE STREET, SYDNEY

Branches At Newcastle And Brisbane

Our Cousins In The

NORTH Fine New Novel Gives South Seas a Chance to Read Fascinating Story of Old Hawaii OY some freak of Nature, Hawaii is located north of the Equator. In tradition, history, outlook, racial associations, as in vegetation, colourfulness and manner of life, Hawaii belongs south of the Line.

The Philippines, Borneo, the East Indies are classed generally as “Pacific Islands;” but in races, fauna and flora, they seem a part of Asia. Hawaii is different. Hawaii, somehow, is linked with the heart and soul of Polynesia. Hawaii, Tahiti, the Marquesas, the Cook Islands, the Gilbert and Ellice, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga—they recognise many different flags and are governed by a multitude of economic systems; but the politics which divide them are as nothing in comparison with the fundamental things which unite them.

All lovers of Polynesia hope to see the growth of stronger bonds with Hawaii.

We people here in the South Seas want to hear more, and oftener, about our cousins in the northern group. The story of what is happening to the Hawaiians under North American and Asiatic influences is of great interest and immense political significance to all the territories south of the Line. Somehow, we do not get half enough news about Hawaii and the Hawaiian.

These reflections arise as we read Blood of the Shark . a novel by Mrs. Beatrice Patton, just published at two and a half dollars by Paradise of the Pacific, publishers, of Honolulu. It is an historical romance and, considered as a novel, it is attractively written, quickmoving and eminently readable.

But it is as an historical document that we find its special charm. Here is a vivid chapter in the life of Old Hawaii, and characters famous in the little kingdom between 1800 and 1830 play a part in Mrs. Patton’s story.

Adam Gordon, an English officer of good family, leaves Vancouver’s ship in Hawaii; marries a Hawaiian girl of exceptional beauty, courage and intelligence: and is caught up in the fierce and dramatic politics of King Kamehameha’s reign. Mrs. Patton is a true historian— while weaving her story very cleverly among the outstanding events and people of that rollicking period of wars and intrigues, pestilences and tragic romances, she has faithfully preserved the historical background.

Thus, we who live in the South Seas, and ask for something about the fascinating story of Hawaii, may get it here in a most acceptable form—as an epic lovestory. together with a faithful presentation of life as it was lived in the beautiful group a hundred years ago, and with a very careful picture of the amazing political intrigues of that time.

Some of the high peaks of the narfative: The luau (Hawaiian feast) at which Adam inadvertently becomes a husband; the character portrayals of Vancouver, Marin, Kamehameha; the Nuuanu Valley victory that made Kamehameha the Napoleon of the Pacific; Kilohana’s killing of a shark in Pearl Harbour; the cholera epidemic that swept the islands in 1804; old Spanish days in California when gay caballeros roped grizzly bears; the Skippers’ Race from Monterey to Honolulu between the fore-and-aft Lucy and the square-rigged Lily Bird. And towering above all in gloomy grandeur and dramatic force the tremendous chapter that tells of the crazed and dying sorceress hag, Ahia, in whom the blood of Awini was strong, weaving the magic net in which she herself became entangled—the net that was to sink the hated white men’s ships.

Dr. Peter H. Buck (Te Rangi Hiroa), himself a Polynesian and director of Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, in the foreword, testifies that the novel is one of those rare books that depict the soul as well as the dress of a people.

The book gets its title, Blood of the Shark, from the study of the old Hawaiian totemism which the authoress makes in developing the character of her heroine (Adam Gordon’s wife). We see her influenced in extraordinary fashion by the ancient superstitions of her race; and then we see her horror-struck husband recognising that after all there is little fundamental difference between the things which he sees his wife doing, and the time-worn superstitions observed as a matter of course by his own old people back in England.

Every man who knows Polynesia, and has been distressed by certain psychological misunderstandings between the Europeans and the brown folk with whom they have allied themselves, should read Mrs. Patton’s clever story. They “will see a little clearer, and judge less harshly where they cannot see.”

But the chief value of the book is in its history. Here is a chance for the South Seas to read the astonishing story of early Hawaii.

R.W.R. 71 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

UMPMOBIL

Light And Portable

Motor Pump

F Comp'cte Plant’s weight, 140 lbs. Capacity up to 12,0C0 gallons per hour.

All heads from 10 to 115 feet.

Fuel consumption, 1 gallon per hour.

Pressure 551 b. square inch.

Especially suitable prospecting and all Sluicing Requirements.

Nelson & Robertson Pty. Ltd

12 SPRING STREET SYDNEY COLD

Highest Prices, Prompt

Settlement. Accurate

WEIGHTS AND ASSAYS. are assured to producers and sellers of gold bullion who forward their consignments to The Electrolytic Refining and Smelting Co. of Aust. Ltd. for treatment and realisation, RECORD PRICE.—On 6th March, 1935, this company paid to Its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine ounce, which is the highest price ever paid for gold in Australia.

SPECIALLY ORGANISED SER- VICE is available to clients in New Guinea, Fiji and other Pacific Island centres.

Address consignments from outside Australia to the Company’s Sydney office. 1 Weighing a Pacific Islands consignment of gold bullion at an E.R. & S. receiving office.

The Electrolytic Refining & Smelting Co.

Of Australia Limited

Melbourne: Works: Sydney; Collins House. Port Kembla, N.S.W. 25 O'Connell Street.

PURCHASERS AND REFINERS OF GOLD. SILVER. COPPER IN ANY FORM BANKERS: —The English, Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd. , Hon. J. T. O’Malley, Commissioner for Native Affairs in Papua, sailed from Sydney for Port Moresby by the Montoro on February 24.

Mrs. S. G. C. Knibbs, wife of the Commissioner of Lands in the British Solomon Islands, departed from Sydney for Tulagi by the Malaita on March 6.

Mrs. Catherine Robinson, wife of Mr.

Richard Robinson, of Levuka, Fiji, died at Levuka on February 19, at the age of 71. She went to the Colony from New Zealand over 50 years ago.

Tongan Prince'S

NEW NAME Story of Tui Kanokubolu JN future, the young Crowm Prince of Tonga, now officially of age and a student at the University of Sydney, will be known as Prince Tubouto’a instead of Prince Taufa’ahau, The bestowing of this distinguished name, borne by an ancestor who was head of the famous Tui Kanokubolu line, is an interesting survival of Tongan custom. An essentially ceremonious people, and sticklers for etiquette, the Tongans are perhaps the least influenced by European culture in such matters. The bestowal of this name is a happy augury for the future reign of this enlightened young Prince, whose aim to. to combine the learning of the Europeans with the wisdom of his own people, In all Polynesia, none can boast more distinguished descent than Prince Tubouto’a. In his veins runs the blood of the two great lines of ancient Tonga, a people who claim the gods themselves as ancestors, Of course, for that matter, so do the Tahitians, the Maoris, the Samoans, and other branches of the widespread Polynesian family. But the Tongan line has been kept essentially pure.

The Crown Prince is 22nd in descent from Gata, who was Tui Kanokubolu about 1610, and fifth in line from the first Tubouto’a.

The first Tubouto’a figured prominently in the history of his period as a warrior.

According to one Tongan account Ulaki, Tubouto’a’s elder brother, should have succeeded to the office of Tui Kanokubolu: he actually put forward his claim at ’Uiha and was prepared to act upon it.

“But owing to some of the proper chiefs not having been consulted,” (says Rev.

A. H. Wood, ex-principal of Tubou College in his History of Tonga, published in 1932, and the latest work on the kingdom) “he was not regarded as validly chosen and was not installed at Bagai, the official place of appointment.” However, it is apparent that Tubo.uto’a often led the warriors of Haapai in attacks on Tongatabu, both before and after 1812.

The effect was a continuation of the misery that the people suffered in the time of Finau Ulukalala.

The illustrious Taufa’ahau (1797-1893) was the son of Tubouto’a. At the time of his father’s death he was about 23 years old. But no attempt was made to appoint either Taufa’ahau or anyone else Tui Kanokubolu. The objection to the future ruler of all Tonga at that time was that he was far too energetic a person to please the rebellious chiefs of Tongatabu, who were principally responsible for the then divided conditions in those islands.

The position of Tui Kanokubolu, therefore, was left vacant from 1820, on the death of Tubouto’a, until 1826, when Aleamotu’a or Jiosaia Tubou, (another son of Mumui), was appointed. Taufa’ahau then succeeded and held office until his death in 1893, being succeeded by Jiaoji Tubou 11. (George II.), who died in 1918. Queen Salote Mafile’o Veiogo, D.8.E., the present Queen, is, of course, the present head of that noble line, and in the ordinary course of events her son, the new Tubouto’a, will succeed as Tui Kanokubolu, as well as King of Tonga.

The story of Taufa’ahau, or King George 1., is too well known to relate here. Appropriately enough, he has been called “the Maker of Modern Tonga.”

Prom 1810 until 1893, Taufa’ahau wit nessed the transformation of his country from a divided non-Christian state to the model Christian kingdom we now know.

His name was conferred upon him because he was supposed to have been cured of an illness by the god Taufa of ’Ahau.

As a young man he is said to have excelled all others in manly sports and fighting. Many stories of his athletic prowess still survive. In the Crown Prince he has a descendant worthy of his great name, for the new Prince Tubouto’a has won a reputation, both in Tonga and in Australia, as an athlete.

The Prince also is keenly interested in the history, traditions, and lore of his people. Not long before he left Sydney in December for Tonga, he spent some time in the Mitchell Library, He was intensely interested in the drawings made in Tonga 150 years ago by Cook’s artists, and he found several representations of head-dresses and other ornamentation which can no longer be found in the kingdom. But what interested him most of all were some sketches of his own ancestral estate as it was in Cook’s day.

The Prince is a member of the Po Iynesian Club of Sydney, and he has promised to deliver a lecture on the customs of his people.

“Eriki” 72 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Just cv.

Poker Dice

/***• 4 X # > OwT H o m N9I0a Put & Take, 5 dice roll, 6/6 (5 dice mounted on roll). 2-dice game, 3/6.

I 3 dice roll, 3/9. (3 dice ! mounted on roll).

English electric hair brushes.

Gents 15/-, Ladies 17/6.

Combs, hangbag or pocket type 12/6. Ladies’ type with handle 17/6.

All standard batteries.

Microphones for speech or music, just plug into pick-up terminals of your set, fitted with flexible battery leads, batteryless model, 25/-.

The Greatest Radio Of Its Type Ever

INTRODUCED A Most Excellent Type of 1937-38 Radio.

The “Like-a-Flash” Batteryless 6-valve Radio. A wonder ful set, compact in metal cabinet, runs off 6-volt accu mulator, no dry batteries. A beautiful modern set that will give 100 per cent satisfaction —range wonderful.

Amplion Speaker. Remote control or Vernier Tuning Dial as required. Ideal for home, plane, launch, ship, etc., £14/15/-. 180 amps hour 6-volt Accumulator, £4 extra.

'RADIOMODERNE' m 1111 The Assembled Chassis ——£22/10/- Just designed for 100 per cent service in the Pacific Islands. Pay cash and save at least 33 1-3. Radio Moderne is the newest,finest and most up-to-the moment 5-valve battery-operated superhet. ever introduced for the Pacific Islands. That’s a sweeping statement, but we stand behind every word of it. Hear all Australasian stations, plus London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Tokyo.

New York, etc., etc.

Radio Moderne, Exclusively Built to suit Pacific Islands conditions, Humidity, etc. Not a Mass Production Product, each Set individually Built by Senior Mechanics, Tuned Up, and Air Tested before despatch.

Radio Moderne incorporates every wanted, technically correct improvement, all latest type Philips valves, S Like-a-Flash triple duty B batteries, best grade 100 amp. 2 volt accumulator, automatic volume control, late Ampion permagnetic speaker. Perfect tone, equal to any electric set. Latest calibrated aero dial, showing Australian and overseas stations, extraordinarily lew “B” battery consumption, approximately 10 to 22 ma. “A” battery (accumulator) consumption .65 amps. Selectivity and Sensitively 100 per cent. Packing 6/6 extra, plus freight, 12 months’ guarantee all parts and speaker. 90 days’ valves £22/10/- Send for Levenson’s Radio Bargain Bulletin, 8d, post free. Also Levenson’s Radio Buyer’s Guide and Assembly Chart Handbook, 2/-, post free.

Magic Slates, —very handy.

Write your note or message, pull slide and clean off all marks, 1/-; 3 for 2/6.

Job’s Patience. The greatest pastime pocket game ever introduced. Whiles away hours and hours. Any child can play it, 2/6 and 3/6.

Gramophone pick-up heads, British, fit any standard gramophone tone arm, 11/6.

De Luxe Models, 19/6.

"Like-a-Flash” P.M.G. type Heavy Brass fitting Sounders, 35/-.

We guarantee a better price for all replacement valves and component parts. Just send along your order. Price and 100% service guaranteed English Radio Meters. Just arrived. AC/DC Universal type, reads everything in radio. Volts up to 240, and milliamps, 25/-. Bench type, with leads. Pocket type, bakelite case, 3 readings, volts, and m/a., 10/6. 2 readings volts, for low and high tension batteries. 7/6.

Hand-winding Gramophone Motor, with turntable and all fittings, 25/-. Tone Arms 1/6, 2/6. Speakers, 2/6, 3/C.

Back-number Records, all popular tunes, 12/- doz.

Experimental Microscopes, fountain pen type, 2/6.

Others for students, 4/6, 6/6 and 7/6.

Revenson upright Roulette Spinning Wheel, 21/ with full instructions and betting cloth—two games in one.

“Totem,” the newest game for home, club, picnic or party 21/-.

“ Odds and Evens,” a new Head and Tail spin game 21/ Both designed as reproductions, Push lever and away they go. 1 ■JINS m Pyrex type uiass insulators: 3in., 1/- 4in., 3/6, dOanS) 5in., 6/6.

Egg type 3 for 1/-. 7*in.

Genuine Pyrex 30/- Genuine Pyrex, COSMOCORD' 25 “Cosmocord” 25/- “Cosmocord” De Luxe 32/6 “Cosmocord” Super de Luxe 45/-.

Amplion (English) 28/6.

Gramophone Pickups. B.T.H.

Bakelite Models 32/6 “Clarion” English all-Bakelite Pick - up, with volume control, 22/6.

Now ready — “ The Sydney Cup” spinning wheel—a wonderful gambling game. Back your fancy, spin the wheel, the finishing point shows the winner and the price. Complete with betting cloth, 63/-.

English Bell shape, bakelite moulded lightning arrestors, reliable and ultra safe. Easy to fit. 6/- Send for full P.st of Radio Books: Now ready, “The Wireless Constructor’s Encyclopedia by Camra 7/6 Nearly 400 pages.

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“The Book of Practical Radio,” by Scott Taggart, over 300 pages. A splendid publication. 163 diagrams, 63 plates.

Airplane type glass Insulators, 3 for 1/- Ormond Eng lish high grade adjustable cone speak ers, in handsome polished mahogany cabinet 35/- Cone Speaker units, 15 different makes, now 15/-, chassis to suit 10/ “Pix” Wave Traps 7/6 for eliminating inter-station cross talk.

English make Utility Short Wave Vernier Dials, the world’s best. 10/6 “Like-a-Flash” de luxe Morse code keys, adjustable every way. Long or short tappers, 12/6 ; P.M.G. type all brass fittings, 19/6 ; Junior models, 9/6, 10/6. High grade buzzers, 7/6.

CtncssoV HEAD IONIS PROFESSIONAL i 4000 ohms Electric battery torch, 1500 ft. beam, 5 cells, 6/6. Small electric reading lamp for hanging or carrying, 4/6.

Electric illuminated writing pencil, 4/6, all standard replaceable batteries used.

Dry Batteries Now Reduced Like-a-flash Radio B Batteries ; Extra heavy duty, 10/6, triple duty. 12/6; light duty, 7/3; 4$ or 9v.

C batteries, 2/ The “Air Patrol” 2 valve all wave battery set. Covers from 15.5 to 835 metres — £11/17/1 complete with speaker, ’phones and all accessories, a midget in name only, but a giant in performance. Receives local, interstate and overseas broadcasts.

Like-a-flash ‘Eliminoise’

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Aerial Pyrex type OUST® Insulators, transposi t ion blocks and 200 ft. aerial coil, 22/6. Eliminates unwanted aerial and hideous electrical noises from your dual-wave or short-wave set.

Copper ball aerials, add to your present aerial system, improves reception, 6/6.

Metal earth tubes with percolating chemical earthing salts, 4/6. Ideal for conditions in the islands.

Large size hydrometers, for testing accumulators, 2/6.

MMU Just arrived, 8/6 per copy.

N e w n e s “Television and Short Wave Handbook,” by F. J. Camm. A lavishly illustrated book, simply written, dealing with all branches of television, short wave reception. 255 pages. Includes a useful dictionary of Television terms. 50fl 26 tOOflV Double Clad Insulated Rubber Aerial, 30 strands: 50ft. 2/6, 100ft. 5/-. “Man-o-War” aerial. 40 strands: 50ft. 5/6, 100ft. 10/-.

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N.S.W., AUSTRALIA ’Phones, M 2525 and M 2526. Cable address, “Leveradioh.” Goods forwarded V.P.P. or Sight Draft. Satisfaction and Service Guaranteed. We can supply by mail all General Merchandise at a Better Price. Quotations with pleasure. Please add freight and packing.

Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Poisons in the Blood caused by weak kidney action.

Backache, rheumatic pains and bladder weakness cause acute distress, especially during the night-time. What with the scalding urine, pains across the small of the back or dizzy attacks, kidney trouble destroys both peace and comfort.

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Price, F. 0.8. Sydney, £l5/10/-

Lighting Plants For Pacific

POURING the past_2o years, sweeping changes have taken place in the South Seas. Islands centres, once isolated outposts, have been caught up in the onward march of civilisation. Radio, aviation, and electricity have each contributed to the amenities of life in the Pacific as it is lived to-day.

Unfortunately, these blessings are mostly confined to the main centres, and the remoter settlements and plantations still lack radio communication and a general electricity supply. Electrical storage batteries, however, have more than made up for the loss of the latter. In this connection, it is worth noting that the Clyde Engineering Co. Ltd. (whose advertisement appears on page 15) manufactures a storage-battery home-lighting plant that is particularly suitable for the Islands.

Clyde Engineering Co. was the pioneer of mass battery production, and during the past 14 years its batteries have assumed a national significance. The Royal Australian Navy, the Postal Dept., and Federal and State Governments place large contracts with Clyde each year.

Clyde lighting sets make it possible for Islands residents of average means to enjoy electrical home life. Combining efficiency with mechanical strength and durability, Clyde products have built up an enviable reputation for sound workmanship and faultless construction. Into its batteries and home-lighting plants Clyde puts the same skill and conscientiousness as it does into its largest locomotives, trams, heavy class machinery, etc., manufactured at its huge factory at Granville, N.S.W. ***

Guinea Airways Upset Australia’S

Aviation Calm

Existing Interests Are Re-aligned and Powerful Co.'s Inferentially Declare War HTHERE have been some rapid moves in * the situation that developed, in February, when Guinea Airways Ltd. inaugurated the new Adelaide-Darwin weekly service with surplus plant from New Guinea.

Guinea Airways did not advertise their plan. The - Lockheed flew south, from Lae to Adelaide; underwent a brief overhaul; and then rose into the blue and headed north. It arrived next day at Darwin and announced the beginning of the new service. There was talk, also, of a new direct service between Adelaide and Sydney. A 3-engined Ford flew south from New Guinea to Adelaide ready for use.

The news produced astonishing convulsions. There was much running around on the part of the existing Australian aviation companies.

All the chief Australian concerns interested in aerial transport, after interminable patient organisation, had just settled down into three groups, or combines— Qantas Empire Airways (Queensland inland services and the Australian section of the Anglo-Australian service); Airlines of Australia (all services between Sydney and Townsville); and Australian National Airways (running all the chief services southwards and westwards of Sydney, and in which the combined shipping companies have a large holding). The three concerns claimed to be quite independent; but there wjs an interlocking of capital, and it was clear that each intended to keep off the pther’s territory.

The swoop of Guinea Airways Ltd. caused great perturbation. True, G.A. were not butting in on any existing service, and were pioneering a new line (Adelaide-Darwin); but the ‘big three’ did not like the newcomer at all. Everything had been moving so comfortably towards a combine. This outlaw from New Guinea might upset all that. But perhaps it also would be combine-minded. An examination of the situation disclosed interesting angles.

The Commonwealth was inviting tenders for the Sydney—New Guinea airmail, closing March 31. This new service might be regarded as “belonging” to Guinea Airways. But Qantas and Airlines of Australia had been getting ready to tender. Thereupon, Guinea Airways had extended quietly to Australia.

The Australian companies gnawed their finger-nails. Was a bit of bargaining and a compromise indicated? Guinea Airways, say, to withdraw from Australia and the Australian companies to refrain from tendering for the New Guinea service?

"VTO one will tell what happened; but it is certainly a fact that the directors of Guinea Airways came from Adelaide to Sydney about the end of February; that representatives of the three major Australian aviation companies were in Sydney at the same time, and that conversations took place between the two groups.

It is equally certain that nothing came of it. The Guinea Airways folk went quietly back to Adelaide, and carried on.

But the three Australian companies showed their hand. They announced, on March 9, that they had made an agreement “for the complete co-ordination of all major aerial services within the Commonwealth;” and that “this new association will be in a position to tender for all Government services extending from Perth to New Guinea.”

Mr. G. A. Robinson (Airlines of Australia) said: “A satisfactory arrangearrangement was decided upon . . . for the possible inclusion of a service to New Guinea in the existing system.”

The position is clear enough. Guinea Airways are operating in Australia, but they are not asking for trouble and they are keeping well clear of existing services. The Australian companies, eager to monopolise the Australian field, do not like the newcomer, however, and threaten to retaliate by running a line to New 74 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

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Guinea. Their new agreement or association equips them to tender for the New Guinea service.

Meanwhile, what of Bums, Phiip and Co. and W. R. Carpenter and Co.?

They cannot be indifferent to these developments, and they, especially, are interested in the proposed new air-mail service to New Guinea.

Burns, Phiip and Co. are wise and farseeing. Having just completed the new contract for the Islands steamer services, they are not going to sit back and sleep.

They are not unaware of what aerial transport may mean presently to steamer services. Just as the other shipping companies have obtained powerful interests in the Australian and New Zealand aviation services, B. P. & Co, may be expected to seek some protecting share in Islands aviation services which are likely to compete with their steamers.

Messrs. Burns, Phiip & Co. and Guinea Airways hitherto have worked together in apparent harmony. It is reasonable to suppose that they have discussed this matter of the Sydney—New Guinea service. But not one word has been published to show where B. P. stand, in this matter. Apparently all is well between them.

There is one piquant element in this situation. Australian National Airways are a member of the anti-Guinea Airways association. Chief owners of National Airways include the principal Australian shipping companies, and the Union Company, with which Burns, Phiip and Co. now operate in complete harmony and understanding.

The position of Carpenter and Co. is equally interesting. That firm recently formed Mandated Airlines Ltd., to operate services in New Guinea, and the latter are the chief competitors of Guinea Airways Ltd. It is known that the Carpenter interests would like to operate the Sydney—New Guinea service, and they are likely to put in a strong tender.

There has been no indication, however, of any move by the Carpenter interests to link up with any of the other interests.

Sir Walter Carpenter usually plays a lone hand—and usually to his own profit.

Presumably, the position will not be clarified until tenders have closed on March 31. After that, there may be rapid developments.

Direct Route Is Accepted

MEANWHILE, all aviation interests were busily attacking the route laid down by the desk-wallahs of the aviation department in Australia for the proposed Sydney New Guinea service. It was pointed out that owing to the almost ceaseless rain and low clouds over the trackless jungles and ranges of western and central Papua, the route by Cape York and Daru to New Guinea (which missed Port Moresby, and Papua’s valuable freights, mails, etc.) is much more dangerous than the usual route, via Cooktown and Port Moresby, even with its 450 miles of waterhop included.

Papuan interests have supported this protest. A useful contribution to the dis-

(Continued At Foot Of Next Column)

cussion was made by Mr. G. A. Loudon, president of the Papuan Planters’ Association, who was in Australia in February.

It was officially announced, on March 12, that the C. York route had been adandoned, and that tenders would be accepted for the direct Cooktown—Pt. Moresby —Salamaua route.

Sharp Answer

N.G. Administrator to N.G.

Goldfields Chairman From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Mar. 3.

S~TATEMENTS made by the chairman (Mr. Blaikie Webster) at the annual meeting of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. in Sydney in February, were referred to by the Administrator of New Guinea (Brigadier-General W. Ramsay McNicoll) at the opening of the Legislative Council to-day.

“I would not be doing justice to this Council if I refrained from referring to this matter.” said the Administrator. ‘‘One realises that the chairman was faced with difficulties in explaining to the shareholders the absence of a dividend for the second successive year; but one cannot accept his reiterated statement that the whole fault lies at the door of the Administration.”

Continuing, the Administrator pointed out that the Council had passed mining ordinances in 1935, prepared by mining experts. Later these had been submitted to all mining managers for comments and suggestions, which, where possible, had been embodied. The ordinance made provision for the protection of human life.

It was significant that the company had been recently twice fined for breaches of the ordinance. In each case a native had been fatally injured.

The Administrator referred to the very low rate of royalty charged on gold exports—namely, five per cent. He was sure that the Council would agree with him in expressing regret at the tone of the report.

Mr. W. E. Grose strongly endorsed the remarks of the Administrator. He suggested that an investigation should be made into the actions of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. 75 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

(a) Trochus shell, No. 1 grade .. £107 Trochus shell, No. 2 grade .. £105 Trochus shell.

No. 3 grade £95 (b) Trochus shell, No. 1 grade .. £107 Trochus shell, No. 2 grade ... £105 Trochus shell, No. 3 grade .. £92 All quotes are f.o.b., and on the Australian f.

Buying.

Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £110 15 0 £112 0 0 On demand £110 12 6 £111 j 7 6 in Australia Average Australia on for week ended Papeete l/3/’37 .

Francs to £ Australian 82.59 Average for week ended 8/3/’37 . 82.80 Average for week ended 15/3/’37 . 83.65 Average for week ended 22/3/’37 . 83.42 Average Australia on for week ended Noumea l/3/’37 , Francs to £ Australian 82.74 Average for week ended 8/3/’37 , 83.15 Average for week ended 15/3/’37 . 84.00 Average for week ended 22/3/’37 . 83.77 Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £125 0 0 On Demand £123 0 0 124 17 6 30 days 122 15 0 124 15 0 60 days 122 10 0 124 12 6 90 days ...... ...... 122 5 0 124 10 0 120 days 122 0 0 124 7 6 Use - - Modern Direct Wireless Services for Your Communications

With Australia And Overseas

DIRECT wireless services are available tor inter-communication between the Islands of the Pacific and for traffic between the Islands and Australia and overseas countries.

Services are now in operation between Papua and Sydney, New Guinea and Sydney, New Caledonia and Sydney, and Fiji and Sydney. Speedy, economical and efficient service to Australia and overseas. Route your traffic "Via the Wireless Service."

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Islands Produce Coffee ■THE following quotations were obtained in • Sydney during March.

Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney:—Quote No. 1: 39/- per cwt.; quote No. 2: 30/- per cwt.

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt.: —No. 1 quotations: Grade “A”, 64/-; grade "B”, 61/-; grade “C”, 58/-. No. 2 quotations: Grade “A”, 57/-; grade “B”, 49/-; grade “C”, 47/6; Triage, 48/-. No. 3 quotations: Grade “B”, 62/-; grade “C”. 55/-.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney per cwt.: —No. 1 quotations: Grade ‘A’’, 57/-; grade “B”, 49/6. No. 2 quotations: Grade “B”, 65/-; Triage. 60/-.

Arabian (Aden) Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney:—No. 1 quotation: 64/per cwt. No. 2 quotation: 60/9 per cwt.

Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges: Exchange, duty (4d. lb.), primage (10 per cent), landing costs (1/- per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on firm conversion of exchange, the c.i.f. official prices for kapok quoted in Sydney in mid- March were:—Average Java 7|d per lb., and Japara, 8 l-16d. per lb.

Cocoa Quote No. 1: Cocoa beans, £66 per ton.

Quote No. 2: Accra, good fermented, £5l/10/per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 quotation: £9/10/0 per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

No. 2 quotation: £lO per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Green Snail Shell Green snail shell, good quality, was quoted by Sydney buyers in mid-March at £55 —£60 per ton.

Trochus Shell Quotations for trochus shell from two different sources were: Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton during the moriTh were:—Feb. 26, 7.10 d lb., March shipment; Mar. 5,7.43 d lb., April shipment; Mar. 12, 7.68 d lb., April shipment; Mar. 19, 7.83 d. lb. April shipment.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. or 2001 b. bags, £l3/10/- per ton f.o.b. Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags, £l6/10/- per ton.

Exchange Rates THE following exchange quotations, gathered in 1 Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney in March: FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

And Bank Of New Zealand

Australia on Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £Alll/2/6, selling £AII3.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London:

Direct Telegraphic Transfer

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa—buying £AIOO, selling £AIOO/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £lOO in London:—-

New Caledonia—Through

French Bank

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less 1J per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea: On March 22, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 83.86 francs. £lOO Australian would purchase a draft in Noumea of 8,386 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent.; on Rabaul 10/- per cent. —Other New Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London:— Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.S.W.

Australia, on Papua, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £1 per cent. ; Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same as Australia on London and vice versa. 76 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, I 9 H

August 2 „ ...... , „, J m. 5fd.

September 6 ...... ...... 4gd. 5id.

October 4 5d. 5.8id.

November 1 — ...... 5*d. 6fd.

December 6 ...... 63d. 6|d.

January 3, 1936 ...... 6gd. 6id.

February 1 7gd. 7 3/16d.

March 6 ...... 8id. 7id.

April 3 — ...... ...... 8gd. 7id.

May 1 ...... ...... 9d. 7 15/32d.

June 5 ...... 9d. 7}d.

July 3 ...«. 9Jd. ...... 73d.

August 7 lOJd. 7 fid.

September 4 lOJd. ...... 7 ll/16d.

October 2 ...... ...... 10id. ...... 73d.

October 16 ...... 10id. 7gd.

October 23 ...... 10id. 7|d.

October 30 ...^ lOfd. 8Jd.

November 6 — ... „ ...... 103d. 8 7/16d.

November 13 ...... lid. 8 9/16d.

November 20 ...... ...— lljd. 8 ll/16d.

November 27 1/- _ 8gd.

December 4 1 /- 9 l/16d.

December 11 ...... 1/li 9Jd.

December 18 ...... . 1/1 9 15/16d.

December 24 — ...... 1/1 ...... 10 l/16d.

December 31 ...... 1/2 ...... lOgd.

January 8. 1937 1/2 ...... 10id.

January 15 ~..~ 1/2 ...~ 10 15/16d.

January 22 1/2 10gd.

January 29 ...... 1/2 lOjd.

February 5 1/2 lOid.

February 12 1/2 103d February 19 ...... ......

VlOgd.

February 26 1/lOgd.

March 5 11 id. 11 l/32d March 12 lid. ...... 11 9/16d.

March 19 . Hid. • i/oi Jan. 8, ’37 £22 12 6 £22 12 6 £23 12 6 Jan. 15 £23 0 0 £23 5 0 £24 2 6 Jan. 22 £20 15 0 £21 u 0 £21 15 0 Jan. 29 £19 15 0 £19 15 0 £20 10 0 Feb. 5 £19 0 0 £19 0 0 £19 15 0 Feb. 12 ...... £19 15 0 £19 15 0 £20 10 0 Feb. 19 ...... £19 2 6 £19 5 0 £20 0 0 Feb. 26 ...... £18 15 0 £19 0 0 £19 15 0 Mar. 5 £19 0 0 £19 5 0 £20 0 0 Mar. 12 £19 7 6 £19 12 G £20 12 6 Mar. 19 £19 12 6 £19 17 6 £20 17 6 Rubber London Price on — Para per lb.

Plantation Smoked per lb.

January 6, 1933 4fd. 2.43d.

February 10 4Jd. 2|d.

March 10 - 4fd. 2id.

April 14 . 4Jd. 2.34d.

May 5 — 4id. 2,81d.

June 2 - ......

Sid. 3.56d.

July 7 5|d. 3.71d.

August 4 — — 5jd. 4d.

September 1 5d. — 3.78d.

October 13 4Jd. 4d.

November 10 ...... — — 4fd. 4.09d.

December 8 — — — 4gd. 4.0|d.

January 5, 1934 — — 4id. 4.28d.

February 2 — — — 4jd. 4.84d.

March 6 — — — — 5cl. 5.1Bd.

May 4 — — — 53d. 7d.

June 1 — — — — 5|d. 61d.

July 6 — — — — Bid. 7.06d.

August 3 — — — Bid. — 7.18d.

September 7 — — 5Jd. — 7§d.

October 5 — — — Bid. 6|d.

November 16 — — Bid. — 6}d.

December 28 - — 5d. 6jd.

January 4, 1935 — — Bd. 6|d.

February 1 — — — 4fd. 6id.

March 1 — — ..... m. ...._ 6.1Jd.

April 5 - — m. 5.4|d.

May 3 — — — — 43d. 5 9/16d.

June 7 Bd. 6d.

July 5 — — — Bd. — 7|d.

London Price on— Copra South Sea, Sun-Dried to London Per ton, c.i.f.

Plantation, Hot-air Dried, Rabaul Per ton, c.i.f.

January 16, 1931 £14 7 6 £14 12 6 March 27 £14 10 0 £14 12 6 June 26 £11 15 0 £11 17 6 September 25 £12 15 0 £12 15 0 December 18 £14 5 0 £14 10 0 January 1, 1932 ...... £14 0 0 £14 15 0 February 12 £14 10 0 £14 15 0 March 25 £14 17 6 £15 0 0 April 29 ...... £14 15 0 £14 17 6 May 20 £13 17 6 £14 0 0 June 17 £13 2 6 £13 5 0 July 1 £13 5 0 £13 7 6 August 12 £13 17 6 £14 0 0 September 2 £13 17 6 £14 0 0 October 7 £14 5 0 £14 7 6 November 11 £14 7 6 £14 10 0 December 16 £14 2 6 £14 5 0 January 6, 1933 £13 0 0 £13 12 6 February 3 ci 2 5 0 n 2 7 6 March 3 £11 7 6 £11 10 0 April 28 £10 10 0 £10 12 6 May 26 ...... £11 2 6 £11 5 0 June 30 ...... £10 17 6 £11 0 0 July 21 £11 2 6 £11 5 0 August 4 £10 10 0 £10 12 6 September 29 £9 7 6 £9 10 0 October 20 £8 15 0 £9 0 0 November 3 £9 10 0 £9 15 0 December 1 ...... £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 ...... £8 0 0 £8 7 6 February 16 £7 17 6 £8 10 0 March 30 ...... ...... £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 27 „ ...... £7 7 6 £8 0 0 May 18 ...... £7 15 0 £8 12 6 June 15 £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 £7 17 6 £8 15 0 August 3 ...... £8 0 0 £8 17 6 September 7 £7 12 6 £8 15 0 October 6 £S 0 0 £9 0 0 November 2 £7 15 0 £8 15 0 December 28 £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4, 1935 £9 5 0 £10 5 0 February 1 £11 12 6 £12 2 6 March 1 £12 2 6 £12 15 0 April 5 £10 15 0 £11 15 0 May 3 £11 17 6 £12 12 6 June 7 ..... £11 15 0 £12 7 6 July 5 ...... £9 12 0 £10 5 0 August 2 £9 15 0 £10 15 0 September 6 £9 17 6 £10 17 6 October 4 £11 7 6 £12 7 6 November 1 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 December 6 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 South Sea.

Smoked, to Genoa South Sea. Plantation. , Sun-Dried Hot-air Dried, London, and Marseilles. to London.

Ra 1 aul.

Price on— Per ton,c. i.f. Per ton. c. i.f.

Per ton.c.i. f.

Jan. 3, *36 £13 2 6 £13 15 0 £15 0 0 Feb. 7 £13 0 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Mar. 6 £11 15 0 £12 15 0 £13 0 0 April 3 £12 7 6 £13 5 0 £13 17 G May 1 £11 10 0 £11 15 0 £12 10 0 June 5 £11 10 0 £12 0 0 £12 17 6 July 3 £12 0 0 £12 10 0 £13 10 0 Aug. 7 £12 17 6 £13 7 6 £14 7 6 Sept. 4 £13 2 6 £13 10 0 £14 12 6 Sept. 18 ...... £13 5 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Sept. 25 __ £13 5 0 £13 15 0 £14 15 0 Oct. 2 £13 7 6 £13 10 0 £14 10 0 Oct. 9 £13 10 0 £13 12 6 £14 12 6 Oct. 16 ...... £13 15 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Oct. 23 ___ £14 7 6 £14 10 0 £15 7 6 Oct. 30 ___ £14 15 0 £14 17 6 £15 15 0 Nov. 6 £15 10 0 £15 2 6 £16 5 0 Nor. 13 £16 0 0 £16 2 6 £16 15 0 Nov. 20 £17 15 0 £17 17 6 £18 16 0 Nov. 27 ...... £18 15 0 £18 15 0 £19 15 0 6 Dec. 4 £19 7 6 £19 7 6 £20 7 Dec. 11 £20 5 0 £20 5 0 £21 5 0 Dec. 18 ...„. £20 15 0 £20 15 0 £21 15 0 Dec. 24 £21 0 0 £21 0 0 £21 17 6 Dec. 31 £31 12 6 £21 12 6 £22 12 6 An Identification Problem Solved \ r When Indian labourers who have completed their service on Fijian sugarcane fields are returning to India, the Bank of New South Wales takes special precautions to safeguard their savings.

The Bank’s branches in Fiji take charge of the emigrants savings and issue to them bank drafts payable in India. These drafts bear the name of the emigrant but the usual system of identification by specimen signature cannot be used because many of these men cannot sign their names.

The Bank overcomes this difficulty by forwarding to the paying bank in India a photograph of the emigrant, on the back of which is endorsed his name, his father’s name, his left thumb print and the number of his Passport or Permit.

This is an example of how the Bank of New South Wales adapts its services on all occasions to the special needs of its customers. ’d on/ o Oil L Market Quotations Range of Prices THE Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and we regularly publish the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press..

Rev. A. P. Jennings, of St. Aidan’s Training College for native clergy and teachers which is maintained in Papua by the New Guinea Mission, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the Macdhui on March 11. 77 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 193 7

D’Amiens C. Ramel Verdun Papeete Apr 25-26 June 6-7 July 17-18 Raiatea — — July 19 Suva — June 14 July 26 Vila May 5 June 16 July 28 Noumea, arr. -May 7 June 18 July 30 Noumea, dep. ...May 14 June 25 Aug 7 Vila May 17 June 28 Aug 10 Raiatea May 24 July 5 Aug 17 Papeete May 25-27 July 6-8 Aug 18-20 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

M.V. Neptuna.

Sydney May 5 July 14 Sept 22 Salamaua May 12 July 21 Sept 29 Rabaul July 23 Oct 1 Cebu (Opt.) May 21 July 30 Oct 8 Manila May 24 Aug 2 Oct 11 Hong Kong . . May 26-31 Aug 4-9 Oct 13-18 Saigon ...June 6 Aug 15 Oct 24 Manila ....June 10 Aug 19 Oct 28 Sandakan ..June 13 Aug 22 Oct 31 Salamaua ....June 22 Aug 31 Nov 9 Rabaul ...June 24 Sept 2 Nov 11 Sydney -..July 2 Sept 10 Nov 19 Melbourne ...July 5-7 Sept 13-15 Nov 22-24 BURNS . PHILP & CO. LTD..

Agents. l Salamaua Rabaul London Apr 5 July 1 Sydney May 30 Aug 25 Suva June 10 Sept 7 Salamaua June 20 Sept 19 Rabaul June 24 Sept 23 London Sept 4 Nov 25 W.

R. CARPENTER & CO.

LTD. s.s.

Mornda.

Sydney Apr 15 May 15 May 27 Lord Howe Apr 17 May 17 May 29 Norfolk Is.

Apr 19 May 19 May 31 Vila Apr 22-23 June 3-4 Bushman’s Bay Apr 24 June 5 Malo 1 Tangoa J- Apr 24 — June 5 Segond J Hog Har.

I Apr. 25 — June 6 Aoba f Vila Apr 26 — June 7 Norfolk Is.

Apr 29 May 20 June 10 Lord Howe May 1 May 22 June 12 Sydney May 4 May 24 June 15 BURNS, , PH1LP & CO. LTD.. , Agents.

Montoro Macdhui Montoro Sydney Apr 7 Apr 28 May 15 Brisbane Apr 9 Apr 30 May 17 Townsville — May 20 Cairns Apr 13 — May 21 Pt. Moresby Apr 15 May 4 May 23-24 Samarai Apr 17 May 5 May 25 Woodlark Is. ...Apr 18 Rabaul Apr 19-20 May 7-8 May 27-28 Kavieng Apr 21 May 29 Lindenhafen — May 9 Salamaua I Apr 23-24 May 10-11 M. 31-J.l Lae Madang r I - May 12 June 2 Alexishafen Boram f I - May 13 Wewak Madang r Apr 25 May 14 June 2 Finschafen — May 15 — Salamaua Apr 26 May 15 June 3 Lombrum I - May 17 — Lorengau Kavieng f May 18 Pondo — May 19 — Rabaul Apr 28 May 20 June 5 Salamaua — May 21 — Samarai Apr 30 May 23-24 June 7 Pt. Moresby May 1 May 25 June 8 Cairns May 3 — June 10 Brisbane May 6 May 29 June 10 Sydney May 8 May 31 June 15 BURNS , PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

Niagara Aorangi Niagara Honolulu Apr 21 May 19 June 16 Suva Apr 30 May 28 June 25 Auckland ...May 3-4 M. 31-J. 1 June 28-29 Sydney May 8 June 5 July 3 Sydney, dep.

May 13 June 10 July 8 Auckland May 17-18 June 14- 15 July 12-13 Suva May 21 June 18 July 16 Honolulu May 28 June 25 July 23 UNION S.S. CO. , LTD., Agents.

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OUR price for the Complete 45 Sets (135 stamps) is 26/6. Post Free Regd.

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Samarai Noici

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Moderate Tariff

Fishing Trips and Launch Excursions arranged

Where To Stay In Port Moresby

Licensee: Papua Hotel, Ltd.

First-class Accommodation. Parties Arranged.

The ' PAPUA ?

HOTEL Catering specially for Tourists and Travellers.

Situated on high ground , overlooking both coasts, ; its Spacious Lounges are ! always Cool and Com- \ fortable. Tariff: Per i day, 16/-; per week, ; £5/5/-; per month, £l4, bed and breakfast, 10/-; bedroom only, 7/6.

Cars meet all Steamers. O Hotel Moresby .ft NEAR THE WHARF COMFORTABLE ACCOMMODATION

Only The Best

BRANDS OF

Wines, Spirits

AND BEERS IN STOCK LICENSEE: Hotel Moresby Ltd.

Shipping Services in the Pacific Sydney - Noumea - Tahiti Mails and passengers from Sydney for Tahiti may connect with Messageries Maritimes liners at Noumea, per Pierre Loti (see Sydney-Noumea- New Hebrides service). The M.M. liners run between Marseilles and Noumea, via Panama Canal.

Subject to alteration without notice.

Sydney-N. Guinea-Hong Kong Hong Kong - New Guinea - Solomon Islands Subject to alteration without notice.

S.S. Friderun (cabin, third-class and deck passengers) runs from Hong Kong to New Guinea and Solomon Islands ports, connecting at Rabaul (N.G.) with S.S. Island Trader (formerly S.S.

Bremerhaven). In the Solomons she calls at Tulagi, Rere, Fulakora, and Savo.

S.S. Friderun Hong Kong Apr 4 Tulagi Apr 22-27 Madang Apr 16 Rabaul A.30-MA Salamaua Apr 18 Hong Kong May 18

Gilchrist, Watt & Sanderson, Agents

Europe - Sydney - Suva - New Guinea Subject to alteration without notice.

Sydney - Norfolk Island - New Hebrides Sydney - Papua - New Guinea Subject to alteration without notice.

N.G. Goldfields' Service Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., Mandated Airlines Ltd. (late Carpenter Airways) and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae, the New Guinea mainland ports, two and three times daily for Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfield. The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Wau - Port Moresby Service A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd,, allowing passengers to and from the New Guinea goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby, Papua. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

Sydney - N.Z. - Fiji - Hawaii Subject to alteration without notice.

New Caledonian Services S.S. Loyaute (Societe des lies Loyaute) makes regular trips, carrying mails and passengers, from Noumea along the east coast to Arama.

Also from Noumea to Poum and Belep Islands, via the west coast. Leaving Noumea on the run up the east coast the vessel calls at Yate, Touarou, N. Goye, Kaukue, Thio, Nakety, Canalo, 78 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

M.V. Malaita Sydney Apr 17 May 29 Brisbane Apr 19 May 31 Townsville Apr 22 June 3 Cairns Apr 23 June 4 Tulagi 1 Makambo [ - Apr 27-28 June 8-9 Gavutu J Su’u I Apr 29 June 10 Domma r Mamara 1 Tasavarong }■ Apr SO — Aruligo 1 Lavaro ) Mamara 1 Tasavarong June 11 Aruligo J Meringe June 12 Hivo [ Yandina 1 Banika 1 Ufa 1- May 1 June 13 Faiami 1 Younger 1 Pepesala J Lingatu 1 West Bay May 2 Somata J Gizo May 3 June 14 Faisi May 4 June 15 Kieta May 4 June 15 Arigua I May 5 June 16 Numa Numa f Teopasino May 6 June 17 Rabaul May 7-8 June 18-19 Soraken May 9-10 June 20-21 Kieta May 10 June 22 Faisi May 11 June 23 Gizo 1 May 12 June 24 Tetipari f Russell Is.

May 13-14 June 25-26 Gavutu L May 15 June 26 Makambo r Brisbane _ May 20 July 1 Sydney May 22 July 3 BURNS , PHILP & CO.. LTD., Agents.

Monterey Mariposa Monterey Honolulu Apr 5 May 3 May 31 Pago Pago Apr 10 May 8 June 5 Suva Apr 13 May 11 June 8 Auckland Apr 16 May 14 June 11 Sydney Apr 19 May 17 June 14 Melbourne Apr 23-24 May 21-22 June 18-19 Sydney Apr 28 May 26 June 23 Auckland May 1 May 29 June 26 Suva May 4 June 1 June 29 Pago Pago May 5 June 2 June 30 Honolulu ..May 10 June 7 July 5

Oceanic Steamship

CO., MATSON LINE.

Pierre T .oti Sydney Apr 9 June 11 July 15 Noumea Apr 13-15 June 15-17 July 19-21 Lifou — June 18 July 22 Vila Apr 16-17 June 19 July 23 Luganville Apr 18 June 20 July 24 Le Dart Apr 19 June 21-22 July 25 Bernier B. — — July 26 Tortues B. — July 26 Saigon May 3-5 — — Haiphong May 8-11 — — Luganville May 26 — — Le Dart „.May 27 — — Norsup ..... — — July 27 Sarmettes — — July 27 Vila May 28 June 23 July 28 Lifou .... — June 24 July 29 Noumea M. 29-J. 1 June 25-26 July 30-31 Sydney June 5 June 30 Aug 4 MES&AGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

Nankin Nellore Panda Hong Kong Apr 3 May 1 June 4 Manila Apr 6 May 4 June 7 Rabaul Apr 14 May 12 June 15 Brisbane Apr 20 May 18 June 21 Sydney Apr 22 May 20 June 23 Melbourne A. 26-M. 1 M. 24-J. 2 J. 28-J. 3 Hobart May 3 June 4 July 5 Newcastle May 6 June 7 July 8 Sydney, dep. .....May 12 June 12 July 14 Brisbane May 14 June 14 July 16 Townsville May 17 June 17 July 19 Rabaul May 22 June 22 July 24 Manila May 30 June 30 Aug 1 Hong Kong ......June * July 3 Aug 4 E. & A.

STEAMSHIP CO. LTD., Agents.

Established 1841 Stanley & Co.

Wholesale And Retail

Produce Merchants POULTERERS . . .

FRUITERERS . . .

GREENGROCERS

Shipping Providors

Packing for Islands Trade a Specialty • STANLEY & CO, 325 SUSSEX STREET SYDNEY Cables: "Sfancarr.," Tel, MA4416 OCEANIA A Journal devoted to the study of the Native Peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific Ocean.

Editor: Dr. A. P. Elldn (Professor of Anthropology at the University of Sydney); Assistant Editor: H. lan Hogbin.

Published Quarterly.

Subscription, 5/- per copy (£1 per annum) Published by the Australian National Research Council, Science House, Gloucester Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong New Guinea British Solomon Islands Service

Regular Sailings By

S.S. " FRIDERUN "

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world.

For further particulars apply to MELCHERS & CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, China.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, Rabaul, New Guinea.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON. LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney.

Gouaoua, Houailou, Moueo, Pouerihouen, Tieti, Poindimie, Wagap, Touho, Kokingone, Hieghene, Tao, Outbatch, Pouebo, Balada, Pam and Arairia.

Return by same route. Ports visited oh west coast ti-ip are: Bourail, Poya, Mueo, Poumbout, Kone, Voh, Temala, Ouaco, Koumac, Karamble, Tangadiou, Paagoumene, Nehoue, Mouac, Belep, and return by same route.

S.S. Loyaute also maintains a four-weeks’ service between Noumea and the Loyalty group. The vessel calls at Tadine (Mare Is.), Chepenehe and We (Lifou Is.), Fajoue, St. Joseph and Banout (Ouvea Is.). Calls are made occasionally at Isle of Pines and Walpole Island.

Solomon Islands-N.G. Service Subject to alteration without novice.

Sydney - Rabaul - Hong Kong Subject to alteration without notice.

Samoa Inter-Island Service A.S. Makoa, 250 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.) operates from Apia, Western Samoa, and connects regularly with Pago Pago (American Samoa), also Tokelaus, Swain, Nassau, and Phoenix Groups.

N.G. Inter-Island Services S.S. Maiwara (Burns, Philp & Co.) makes regular round trips from Rabaul to New Ireland and Bougainville ports.

M.V. John Bolton, M.V. Desikoko, M.V. Durour, M.V. Duranbah (W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd.) make sailings from Rabaul every two or three weeks to various ports in the Territory.

S.S. Island Trader (Inter-Island Shipping Co.

Pty. Ltd.) connects at Rabaul with S.S. Friderun and then makes the following trips:— NORTHERN RUN—Rambutyo, Pak, Lorengau.

Inrim, Pitelu, Papitalei, Salesia, Salami, Noru, Purdy Island, Tumleo, Boikin, Kairiru, Wewak, Boram, Sepik Mouth, Awar, Bogia, Kulili, Kurun, Alexishafen, Nagada, Madang, Finschhafen, Salamaua, Bali, Garua, Toriu, Stockholm.

Leaves Rabaul Returns to Rabaul May ...... 8 May - 30 SOUTHERN RUN—Matala, Put Put. Sum Sum, Buka Passage, Teop, Numa, Inus, Arawa, Kieta, Tubiana, Toboroi, Aropa, Iwi, Kekere, Buin, Samo, Magah, Lihir, Kavieng, Patlangat, Rangarere, Langinoa, Notre Mai, Asalinga, Neu Kauern, Manuan, Leaves Rabaul Returns to Rabaul April 12 April ..... —.— 30 June 3 June 19

Agents: Colyer, Watson & Co., Rabaul

Sydney - N.Z. - Fiji - Samoa Hawaii Sydney - Noumea - New Hebrides Subject to alteration without notice.

Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government.

Regular four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva — trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington—trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A. K. Helena (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 9 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris Hedstrom Ltd.) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports—trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakaloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. The latter round trip from Suva occupies about 10 days. 79 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Bri Sydney Maru Maru Kobe Mar 22 Apr 20-22 Moji - — Mar 23-24 Apr 23-24 Rabaul Apr 2 May 3 Noumea Apr 7-8 May 8-9 Auckland Apr 11-13 May 12-13 Wellington Apr 15-17 May 15-17 Lyttelton Apr 18 May 18 Dunedin Apr 18-19 May 19-20 Wellington Apr 20-22 May 21-22 Auckland Apr 24-28 May 24-26 Cebu — June 10-11 Manila — June 12-13 Hong Kong May 14-15 June 15-16 Shanghai May 19 June 20 Moji May 21 June 22 Kobe May 22-24 June 23-27 OSAKA

Shosen Kaisha

LINE M.V. Matua Auckland Apr 6 May 6 May 20 Rarotonga Apr 10 — May 24-27 Nukualofa Apr 14-15 May 9-10 Apr 16-17 May 11-12 — Suva Apr 21-22 May 15 Auckland Apr 26 May 19 June 1 Wellington A. 28-M. 1 — Auckland May 3 Maetsuycker Van Rees Maetsuycker Saigon Apr 10 June 12 Singapore Apr 12-13 May 8 June 14-15 Batavia Apr 15-17 May 10-12 June 17-19 Samarang Apr 18 May 13 June 20 Sourabaya Apr 19 May 14-15 June 21 Pt. Moresby Apr 26-27 May 24-25 June 28 29i Samarai Apr 28 June 30 Rabaul Apr 30 July 2 Vila May 4 July 6 Noumea May 5-8 July 7-10 Auckland May 11-12 June 3-5 July 13-14 Wellington May 14-15 June 7-8 July 16-17 Sydney May 19-21 June 14-16 July 21-23 Pt. Moresby May 26 June 23 July 28 Sourabaya June 2 July 2 Aug 4 Samarang June 3 July 3 Aug 5 Batavia June 4-7 July 4-7 Aug 6-9 Singapore June 9 July 9 Aug 11 Saigon 11 Aug 13 ROYAL

Packet Navigation

CO. 1 TO. ,' ' m % Essential Services

Regular Daily Services

From Seaports To All

AERODROMES THROUGH-

Out The Goldfields

DISTICTS.

Charters Anywhere Arranged Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd.

Air Transport, Customs, Shipping and Indent Agents

Salamaua And Wau, New Guinea

Cables: "Holdairco" Salamaua and Sydney SYDNEY OFFICE: 20 MARTIN PLACE Phone: B 7507 PASSENGERS PER NIAGARA WHICH AR-

Rived In Sydney From Suva. Fiji, On

MARCH 13: —Miss M. E. Browne, Mr. and Mrs.

H. B. Bowen, A. S. Burton, J. R. Dupre, J. R.

Donaldson, A. S. Farebrother, K. Graham, Mrs.

M. C. Hawkins, Mrs. E. M. Hawkes, A. C. Heron, Mr. and Mrs. C. O. Handley, Master K. R.

Handley, Mrs. M. M. Horsfield, E. J. Harding, Mrs. P. M. Harding, Major C. B. Joske, Mrs. and Mr. E. G. Keyte, Masters F. K. and R. C.

Keyte, Master D. Lyons, Mrs. E. R. Mumford, Master A. Mumford, Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Millett, Master E. and Miss L. D. Millett, E. Mulliken, E. J. Pratt, Mr. and Mrs. G. R. Robertson, Mr. and Mrs. G. L. Robley, Mr. and Mrs. R. S.

Southey, W. F. White, Mrs. P. E. Waters, Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Zillman, Master R. Zillman, Major and Mrs. R. N. Caldwell, Misses M. and P. Caldwell, Master D. Caldwell, Mr. and Mrs, B. Griffiths, Mrs. F. Ginn, Mrs. M. Johnson, E. E.

Mumford, Mrs. M. L. McConnell, Miss M. A.

Mackay, F. L. Nunn, Miss R. E. Phillips, Sister M. Philibert, Mrs. S. Vicary, Misses C. and P- Vicary, Mrs. Waring, Miss D. E. Singh, J. Colledge, W. Leslee, J. H. Edwards, Ratu Joseva Sukuna, Ratu Edward Cakobau.

Passengers Per Macdhui Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA ON MARCH 17Messrs. Austin, Ashwell, Adamson, Burke, Buckow, Bushe, Barrie, Caddow, Carpenter, Coote, Courtney, Clark, Coghlan, Callaghan, Cruickshank, Dickson, Ellis, Eglinton, Einsiedel, Ethell, Edwards, Foldo, Frost, Filan, Gay, Goodwin (2), Gremaud, Hardy, Harris, Heath, Hoyle, Joycey, James, Jones, Klotz, Kalbfell, Koch, Lefurgey, Moates, Murcutt, Mclntyre, McCarthy, Oldham, O’Connor, Petterson. Parry, Parer, Ryan, Rich, Rose, Render, Shoppee, Simpson, Silia, Sands, Shields, Slattery, Saker, Sowberry, Spencer, Stehr, Schultze, Smith (2), Saddler, Schafer, Thompson (4), Uechtritz, Wenn, Walsh, Wolfcarius, Walshe, Whitehead, Mesdames Carpenter, Courtney, Coote, Davis, Dunning, Dickson, Eglinton, Frost, Gay, Jones, Loudon, Macadam, Mclntyre, McQueen, Rich, Rigby, Shaw, Silk, Stehr, Smith, Stevens, Woodward, Wallace, Weatherall, Walshe, Woodhouse, Ashton. Misses Coote, Demians, Frewin, Gahan, Loudon, Lievering, McGregor, Prosser, Riley, Schwarzbach, Shields, Solange, Savage, Turnbull.

Mr. W. W. Froggatt, famous entomologist, died in Sydney on March 18, aged 78. His son is Government Entomologist in New Guinea.

Rev. Dr. J. Flierl, D.D., who pioneered the Lutheran Mission work in New Guinea, sailed from Australia for Germany by the Mosel early in March.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

Papuan Inter-Island Service M.V. Matoma (Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.) makes round trips on a regular schedule from Samarai to Misima Island, via the Conflict Group.

S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co. Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route ; then Port Moresby to Daru via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu—full trip occupying about one month.

S.S. Papuan Chief.

Pt. Moresby M.28-A.l Hisiu Apr 18 Kapa Kapa Apr 1 Yule Is Apr 18 Abau Apr 3 Kukipi Apr 19 Baibara Apr 4 Orokolo Apr 20 Samarai Apr 6 Kikori Apr 22 Samarai Apr 9 Daru Apr 23-24 Baibara Apr 10 Orokolo Apr 25 Abau Apr 11 Yule Is Apr 27 Kapa Kapa Apr 13 Hisiu Apr 28 Pt. Moresby ...Apr 44-18 Pt. Moresby ...Apr 29 M. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua, The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

M.V. Nusa Samarai Apr 1 Mambare Apr 6 Puni Puni Apr 1 Buna Apr 7 Baniara Apr 2 Cape Nelson Apr 8 Cape Nelson -Apr 3 Baniara Apr 9 Puna „.Apr 4 Puni Puni Apr 9 Mambare Apr 5 Samarai Apr 10 N. Zealand - Samoa - Niue The New Zealand Government’s steamer Maui Pomare (1159 tons) is the only direct connection between the Dominion and the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa. The vessel, which carries mails, passengers, and cargo, is controlled by the Department of External Affairs at Wellington, where application should be made concerning freights, berths, etc.

M.V. Maui Pomare Wellington Apr 20 May 18 June 15 Apia Apr 27-29 May 25-27 June 22-24 Niue May 1 May 29 June 26 Lyttelton May 10 June 7 July 5 Wellington May 11 June 8 July 6 Gilbert and Ellice islands Service M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

Ocean Island - Nauru Service British Phosphate Commission, 16 Spring Street, Sydney, sends boats irregularly from Melbourne.

Japan - N. Guinea - Noumea - New Zealand Central Pacific Services Subject to alteration without notice.

The cargo vessel Waiotapu (6035 tons) is due to leave Sydney for Fiji on March 23, She will visit Suva (March 30) and Lautoka (April 1).

The steamer Hauraki (7113 tons) is scheduled to depart from Sydney for Fiji and Tahiti, with mails, cargo, and a limited number of passengers, ©n April 12. Calls are set down for Suva (April 18). Lautoka (April 19), Suva (April 26), and Papeete (May 1). She will then go on to North American ports. The Wairuna (5832 tons) will follow to Fiji and French Oceania about the end of April.

UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

Saigon - Java - South Seas - N.Z. Service 80 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937

Pacific Islands

TRAVELLERS (Continued from page 1) Published by Pacific Publications Ltd.. Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney. (Telephone BW 5037), Wholly set and printed in Australia by The Grason Press, 431 B Kent Streeti Sydney,

Aerial Transport Established

New Guinea Cold Industry

S INCE 1927, when the development of the Mcrobe Goldfield commenced, the European population of the Territory has been trebled. The new industry has increased the Empire's gold production by nearly £2,000,000 per annum, and has added enormously to the trade turnover of New Guinea.

Only Aerial Transport makes this possible. There is no road between the Goldfields and the coast. Aeroplanes, running on Regular Schedules, without Difficulty or Delay, carry in Dredges, Crushing Mills, Cyanidinq Plants, Motor Vehicles, Hydro - Electric Machinery, Thousands of Passengers, and every kind of goods needed by a largo and growing European community.

O UINEA AIRWAYS LTD. were established in 1927; and they have grown in the following way, until they are to-day the largest freightcarrying service in the world: -it* t V'i Every kind of cargo, frozen meat to hydro-electric machinery, Is carried In to th goldfield centres by Guinea Airways machines. In this photograph, taken in Decern a motor-car Is shown, while being unloaded on the Wau Aerodrome.

Guinea Airways Ltd. operate regular air services in New Guinea and Papua they use over 50 Aerodromes and Landing-grounds in the two Territories, e Morobe ber, 1936,

Guinea Airways L T S

Lae - Salamaua

HEAD OFFICE: NEW GUINEA OFFICE:

Brookman Buildings Lae

Grenfell Street Mandated Territory Of

Adelaide, S.A. New Guinea

BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENTS AT WAU, SALAMAUA, PORT MORESBY, AND SYDNEY Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 19 37

SCHIS & c &d* Ptl > ER ( s 1 1 i Bj i i % 5‘ S fc<T 1 ‘i s>. .W 4 <r, m *5? fcv **i iP

Welcome Cargo

"'Lower away” —and what a welcome cargo it is!

Resch’s Pilsener—in the famous long bottle—the drink which eases the white man’s burden!

Call for a bottle to-night and relish its malt and hop flavour.

RESCH'S

Long Bottle

PILSENER **S "HsV.Hisr Pacific Islands Monthly, March 23, 1937