Pacific Islands Monthly

Vol. VII, No. 4 ( Nov. 24, 1936)
1936-11-24 · uncorrected OCR from NLA scans

PACIFIC ISLANDS Monthly Vol. VII.—No. 4 "m 3 •l»:i« 1 at the G.P.0., Sydney for transmission by post as a newspaper.] 6 d Two Camera-Shy Citizens of Mele, New Hebrides.

Photo: E. Aubert de la Rue.

Direct Nhippiiig: Service

Between The

Pacific Territories and Europe In addition to operating General Stores, Trading Stations, Plantations, Inter-Islands Shipping Services, Aerial Transport Services, Etc., in the Pacific Territories, W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd. have established a Direct Shipping Service between New Guinea, Solomons, Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, and European Ports. are made as required at the Main Ports of Fiji, G. and E. Colony, Solomons and New Guinea.

There is comfortable accommodation for a limited number of saloon passengers on these Vessels, at special raxes; but early application for Berths is recommended.

Details of Freight Rates. Passenger Fares, Timetables, etc., supplied on application at any of our Branches.

THE W. R. C. LINE Two Twin-Screw Motor-Vessels are now carrying on a Ten-Weekly Service on a Regular Schedule, namely: — M. V. RABAUL, - 5613 Tons M. V. SALAMAUA, 6754 Tons "-T v. a ST -- \ The new 16-passenger British Avro aeroplane recently tested in Sydney, prior to entering the New Guinea services of Carpenter Airways.

CARPENTER AIRWAYS AIRWAYS. established in New Guinea in 1934, now employ a fleet of Modern Aeroplanes (British-built, engined and manned) and carry a Large Proportion of the Freight and Passengers between the port of Salamaua and the New Guinea goldfields centres.

W. R. CARPENTER & CO. LTD.

Merchants and Shipowners Agents for Australian, European and American Manufacturers, and Distributors of Every Description of Merchandise : : Complete Range of all Stocks Carried.

Hea Office: 19-21 O’CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY Branches at: RABAUL (New Britain). KAVIENG (New Ireland). MADANG (New Guinea). SALAMAUA, WAU (New Guinea). TULAGI (Solomon Islands). SUVA (Fiji), and other Pacific Islands; and in LONDON.

Buyers and Shippers of: Copra , Trocas f and all Classes of Islands Produce Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

a If you lack exercise take ENOS FRUIT SALT' and keep fit The words Eno and “Fruit Salt” are registered trade marks.

Au6s

Saicon-Batavia-Samarang-Port Moresby

Samarai-Rabaul- Port Vila-Noumea

Sydney - Port Moresby - Batavia - Saigon

bi-monthly by the "VAN REES"

You will enjoy travelling by this popular, fast and modern steamer of the K.P.M., noted for its comfort, excellent cuisine, and economical fares.

With a fleet of over 130 vessels the K.P.M. Line is in a position to accept cargo for all ports in Netherlands India, and with transhipment at Batavia for Africa. royal packet NAVIGATION CO.

Paketvaart House, 255 George Street, Sydney Diethelm & Co., Saigon; Steamships Trading Co. Ltd., Port Moresby and Samarai; W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., Rabaul; Gubbay Freres, Port Vila; Carlo Leoni, Noumea.

Pacific Islands Travellers

Passengers Per Montoro Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

N.G. ON OCTOBER 21: Messrs. Bramell, Beavis.

Brown, Blestowe, Cooper, Clifford, Cruickshank, Dupreyat, Delabaire, Ellis, Floyd, Hunter, Holland, Helm, Jackson, Karius, Larard, Lukin, Moore, Miller, Milne, Marshall, Mackay, May, Norris, Northy, Ottawa, Pierce, Reed, Reid, Reading, Sutcliffe, Sandison, Samways, Sherman, Tribolet, Thomson, Walsh, Williams. Mesdames Beavis, Budden, Davies, Holland, Hunter, Johnston, Karius, Lambton, Miller, Mackay, May, Richardson, Thornley. Misses Cooper, Inman, Lawrie, Mackay, Macgregor, Robertson. #

Passengers Per Neptuna Which

Sailed From Sydney For N.G. Ports On

OCTOBER 21: Messrs. Allen, Brownhill, Ball, Burrell, Barham, Bergman, Carpenter, Connors, Clarke, Dodsworth (2), Dumbrell, Gooley, Haire, Howell, Kennedy, Kerr, Lappin, Lloyd, Mitchell, Meek, Milligan, McLaren, McGowan, McKay, Perriman. Penny, Robinson, Rigby, Stephenson, Swanson, Sinclair, Springer, Shannon, Shutt, Wood, Woods (2), Young. Mesdames Bergman, Cook, David, Dwyer, Green, Mitchell, Robinson. Misses Cooper, Stock, Wombwell.

PASSENGERS PER MALAITA WHICH AR- RIVED IN SYDNEY FROM N.G. & 8.5.1.

PORTS ON OCTOBER 23: Messrs. Alday, Bernier, Blackett, Frost, Fitzgerald, Glenn, Hitchcock, McLauchlan, Marjason, Menzies, Rixon, Thomas.

Mesdames Bernier, Bernhardt, Catanach, Campbell, Downes, Fairchild, Frost, Harrison, Menzies, Nelson-Turner, Rixon, Stokie. Misses Bernier, Devir, Fitzgerald, Frost, Henry, Hefferan, Maclure, Matthews, Mcßae, McKenzie, Safstrom.

Passengers Per Morinda Which

SAILED FROM SYDNEY FOR LORD HOWE,

Norfolk Is., And New Hebrides On

OCTOBER 29: Messrs. Buckley, Dow, Dudley, Datson, Edgar, Fuller, Gill, Goulding, Hindwood, Hayes, King, Knight, Parmeter, Proctor, Rossiter, Scougall, Sampson, Sterling, Welch, Woods (2).

Mesdames Broadhead, Buckley, Degidon, Dudley, Goulding, Hindwood, Johnson, King, Knight, Parmeter, Scougall, Sampson, Wyatt, Weinberg, Woods. Misses Baxter, Cusson, Caller, Fleming, Fairland, Gelling, Gifford, Hinton, Hansard, Johnson, Lewis, Moore, McEleney, McKenzie, Newbigen. Shepherd, Turnbull (2), Windram, Walsh.

Passengers Per Malaita Which

Which Sailed From Sydney For N.G. &

8.5.1. PORTS ON OCTOBER 31: Messrs. Allgood, Blackburn, Castle. Donald, Deck, Driver.

Doyle, Evans, Harricks, Hashimoto, Kennedy, Jennings, Mitchellhill, Mulvey, Nealer, Phillips.

White, Wood, Young. Mesdames Costelloe, Deck, Driver, Harricks, Keegan, Kennedy, Mitchellhill, Murray, Geich, Pasley, Miss Tynan.

Passengers Per Monterey Which

Arrived In Sydney From Suva. Fiji, On

NOVEMBER 2: J. A. Armstrong, Mrs. S. L.

Cambell, Mrs. E. Cant, Miss M. Close, F. Forster, Miss R. Forster, Miss D. Horne, Mr. and Mrs.

G. T. H. McMahon, Misses M., R., A., and F.

McMahon, L. Patkin, Miss P. Thomas, W. Barton, V. Costello, Mrs. S. Crouch, Master I. Crouch, Miss H. Dale, Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Fenton, R. O.

Field, Mrs. S. A. Horne, B. C. Meek, Mrs. M.

Nelligan, D. Nichol, Mrs. A. M. Nichol, Miss L.

Nichol, Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Steadman, Misses M.

S. and M. Steadman, R. J. Weekes.

Passengers Per Macdhui Which

ARRIVED IN SYDNEY FROM N.G. AND PA- PUA ON NOVEMBER 5: Messrs. Allen, Anderson, Bates, Bremen, Crisp, Curtain, Doran, Faithorn, Fackler. Gunther, Grant, Griffiths, Gilmore, Healing, Hemsworth, Leydin, Laurie, McCauley, McCauley, Morris, Mant, Marshall, Martin, Marshall, McLeod, O’Farrell, Osborne, Oates, Parkinson, Pryke, Page, Reid, Ryan. Rich, Seale, Spence, Smith, Stevenson, Starchan. Strahan, Thurston, Watkins, Williams. Weetman, Wasner, Wills, Zimmer. Mesdames Allen, Austin, Bignold, Broad, Coote, Fell, Gunther, Grant, Gilmore, Hallam, Price-Jones, Laurie, McLennan, Osborne, Oates, Parkinson, Pryke, Rich, Sharp, Saunders, Weatherall, Weetman. Misses Beckett, Coulson, Cheeseman, Honer, McGuigan, Mathilda, Osborne.

Pearce, Page, Scott.

Passengers Per Monterey Which

Sydney For Suva. Fiji, On

NOVEMBER 11: Capt. O. C. Bray, J. Clearv, Mr. and Mrs. B. Cronin, Mrs. M. Hardingham.

Master B. Hardingham, Mrs. G. M. Hobarth, Miss J. A. Hobarth, Miss G, M. Jessop, Miss E. Lindsay, Miss R. B. Rouxel, Miss D. F. Barton, J, Harman, Miss J. K. March, Mr. and Mrs. H.

Mowbray, Major A. J. Peterson, G. Saxton.

Passengers Per Macdhui Which

Sailed From Sydney For Papua And

NEW GUINEA ON NOVEMBER 12: Messrs.

Abercrombie (2), Angelo, Bland, Burch. Brewer, Butcher, Briant, Batze, Cassell, Carter, Cornell, Cameron, Clark, Clevaz, Cameron, Clark (2), Cannings, Casey, Costello, Costa, Daley, Emerson, Egan, Evans, Foley, Furley, Fitch, Grahamslaw, Gribben, Gilbert, Gillingwater, Harris, Hides, Hinks, Hancock, Hitchcock, Hyde, Hugheston, Holland, Kirschbaum, Kelway, Kelsall, Lucas, Jamieson, Lambert, Longoni, Looker, Ledoux, Lowe, Mirow, Marshall, Maguire, McGaghey, Mc- Hugh, Murcott, McFarlane, OlMalley, O’Driscoll, O’Connor, Partridge, Parry, Prentice, Perry, Rose, Robbins, Rutland, Stephens (2), Sullivan, Scott, Swanson, Smith, Sherringham, Smith, Savage (2), Sepania, Smith, Shaffery, Skelley, Steeples, Turnbull, Wilton, Watson, Whitehead. Mesdames Batze, Cassell, Carter, Couzens, Daley, Corkin, Gilbert, Gemmell, Hunter, Hyde, Jarrett, Jamieson, Kelsall, Kiernan, Lucas, Lambert, Looker, McFarlane, Northey, Perry, Sherringham, Sturgeon, Smith, Sievers, Taylor. Misses Brenchley, Barker.

Frewin, Hullett, Leeder, Looker, Lashmar, McFarlane, O’Lander, Rutledge, Rundnagel (2), Riordan, Strangwood, Smith, Tonge.

PASSENGERS PER NANKIN WHICH SAIL-

Ed From Sydney For Rabaul. New

GUINEA, ON NOVEMBER 14: Mr. and Mrs. S.

W. Best, Mr. and Mrs. W. N. Boyd-Boland, O.

E. Provis, Mrs. G. Pearce, Hon. V. A. Pratt, F.

L. Finch, Brigadier-General and Mrs. W. R. Mc- Nicoll, Captain C. McNicoll, Mr. Noble, Mrs.

Luxmorg.

Niue’S Administrator

Goes On Furlough

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 26. 1 ANCE-CORPORAL P. M. PARAMORE, of the Samoan Constabulary, has been appointed temporarily to relieve Captain W. M. Bell, Administrator of Niue Island, during - a three months’ holiday, which the latter will spend in New Zealand.

Captain Bell has done splendid work in the development of his island domain, creating an export industry of bananas and kumaras and widely advertising the products of Niue. The genial Administrator is immensely popular amongst the Niue Islanders, as he was during his stay in Western Samoa, where he is remembered by numerous friends. 1 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD.

GENERAL MERCHANTS V 111 ' mil rtSSt mm m ill till 1111 111 HI IK II) ill m\ SHIPOWNERS

Tourist Agents

Head Office: 7 Bridge Street, Sydney—Australia Code Address: "Burphil"

Buyers Of All Classes Of Island Produce

Regular Steamer Services from Australia to New Guinea Papua Solomon Is.—Lord Howe Is.—Norfolk Is. —New Hebrides —lava and Singapore ADVERTISERS Page.

Amalgamated Wireless of Aust. Ltd. 76 Angus & Coote Ltd. 41 Arnott’s Biscuits . . 58 “Aspro” 12 Ausoline 74 Australia Hotel . . 18 B. and S. Agency . 58 Bank of N.S.W. . . 77 Berger & Sons Ltd. 34 Blau (Aust.) Robert 60 Broomfields Ltd. . . 43 Brotherton and Co.

Limited 43 Brunton’s Flour ... 30 Bullivants Ltd. ... 32 Burns, Philp & Co. 2 Burns, Philp & Co. 26 B.P. (S.S.) Co. . . 34 Buzacott Ltd. . 33, 44 Carpenter, W. R.

Limited ii Cent. Q’land Meat Co. Ltd 36 Chapman & Sherack 27 Chivers & Co. Ltd. 30 Coleman Lamp Co. 32 Coral Starch 54 Cosmopolitan Hotel 78 Crossle, Duff and Macintoch Ltd. . 68 Crowle House .... 58 “Cuprinol” ...... 56 Cyclone Fence and Gate Co. Ltd. . . 75 “Cystex” 55 Dei Cott Pty. Ltd.. 42 Dewar’s Whisky . . 19 Doans Pills 80 Donald, A. B. Ltd. 65 Doyle, T. G 56 Eaton, Ltd., J. W. 47 Electrolytic Co. Ltd. 68 Elliott’s and Aust.

Drug Ltd 12 Eno’s Fruit Salt . . 1 E.S.C.A. Ltd 70 Excelsior Supply Co. 66 Fairbanks - Morse Limited 79 Faithfull, D. .... 75 Page.

“Fairholme” College 15 Finau, Wm 20 Fletcher & Son ... 51 “Flit” 61 Florentine & Son . . 48 Ford, W. M 52 Foster Clark Ltd. . 31 Fryer, A. C 33 Garden Vale Products Ltd 38 Garrett & Davidson 6 4 Gillespie’s Flour . . 3S Grand Pacific Hotel 63 Gourock Rope Co. . 72 Grove & Sons, W. H 64 Guinea Airways Limited iii Hallstrom, E 15 Halvorsen, L 73 Hardy & Co., R. M. 24 Harper, M 42 Holbrook’s Ltd. ... 39 Holdens Air T. Co. 80 Horne, W. & Co. . 62 Hotel Moresby ... 78 Hudson Ltd., Geo. 71 Hughes, A. J 25 1.C.1.A.N.Z. Ltd. . 73 Jantzen, Ltd 21 Johnson, Charles . . 22 Jones & Co.. Henry 29 Jones & Rickard . . 45 Joubert & Joubert 60 Kambala School . . 41 Kerr Bros. Ltd. ... 32 Kings School, The . 52 Kodak Pty. Ltd. . . 20 Kopsen & Co. Ltd.. 72 Kork-N-Seal Ltd. . 37 Lane & Girvan Ltd. 74 Levenson’s Radio . 67 Lustre Hosiery Ltd. 61 McGowan & Co., A. 62 Mcllrath’s Ltd. ... 16 Macintyre & Co., T. 56 McKay, D 30 Maleham & Yeomans Limited ...... 50 Master Sewing Machine Co. ... 51 Page.

Maxwell Porter Ltd. 46 Morris, Hedstrom Limited 65 Mowbray House School 17 Mungo Scott Ltd. . 36 N.D.L 78 Nelson & Robertson Limited .... 26, 69 Nestle’s Milk 40 Newlands Bros. Ltd. 50 Noyes Bros. Ltd. . 71 NLS.W. Bookstall Ltd 15 Pacific Islands Co.. 59 Pacific Taxi Service 63 Papua Hotel, The . 78 Patterson & Stone. 26 Paul & Gray Ltd. . 47 Page.

Peel & Sons. H. . . 37 Pike Bros. Ltd. ... 16 Plantation for Sale 22 Position Wanted . . 51 Prescott Ltd 28 Price’s Radio Serv. 14 Prouds Ltd 17 Ransomes Sims and Jeffries Ltd. ... 57 Reed, Wm. E 46 Reid. W. M 55 Rohu, Sil 27 Royal Packet Co. . 1 Ruston & Hornsby. 25 St. Ignatius’ College 14 Samson, A. J 12 Scots College, The . 19 Scott Ltd., J 43 Scott & Sons .... 57 Page.

Springwood L. Coll. 59 Stanley, Chris. ... 29 Steamships T. Co. .74 Sterling Varnish Co. 11 Store for Sale .... 16 Swallow & Ariell . 28 Sydney Steel Co. . . 68 Talkeries 12 Taubman’s Paints . 46 Taylor & Co., A... 48 “Tenax” Soap .... 13 Thompson Pipe & Eng. Co. Ltd. . . 69 Tillock & Co. Ltd. 29 Tisdalls Ltd 62 Tooheys Ltd 23 Tooth & Co iv To Let 13 Page.

“Top Dog” Men’s Wear 49 Trufood 24 Tudor Hotel 13 Vacuum Oil Co. Ltd. 35 Vincent’s A.P.C. . . 23 Waugh & Josephson Limited 53 Webb & Co.. A. . . 54 Wentworth Hotel . 13 West, Harry 53 Weymark & Son . . 37 Wheeler, R. B. . . 36 White Star Taxis . 64 Wills, W. D. & H.O. 49 Williams, Ltd., S. . 45 Williams. W. H. . . 67 Wright & Co., . E. 47 Wunderlich Ltd. . . 48 Contents Page Pacific Islands Travellers 1 Indentured Labour in the Pacific .... 3 Copra Prices Improve 5 New Alluvial Field in N. Guinea .... 5 Governor-Designate of Fiji 5 N.G. ’Plane Flies to Australia 6 James Larkin Released 7 Sydney-’Frisco Line to Cease 7 How Treacherous N.G. Natives Attacked A. D. O. Nurton 8 Manam Volcano Erupts 9 Air Service from N.G. to Sydney 10 Tropicalities 11 About Islands People 12 Fortunate Fiji Shows Another Surplus 14 Increase in N.G.’s Trade Turnover ... 17 King Cakobau, of Fiji 19 Journalistic Ethics, Judge Wanliss, and Mr. Mullaly 23 “Once Aboard the Lugger—” 26 Useful Medical Book for Islands 29 Page Pygmies of Ramu River, N.G 31 .Samoa’s Little Ships 32 Tahiti’s Woes 34 Woodlark Island 36 Pre-European Papuan Engineers .... 39 Men Who Knew Yesterday—Mr. Paul Hoeflich (Western Samoa) 41 Threat to Papuan Rubber Growers ... 42 Search for Oil in Papua 47, 75 Samoan Mau Harasses N.Z. Prime Minister 49, 61 Tragi-Comedy on Galapagos 55 Fashion Hints for Islands Women .... 59 Valuable Plants of Fiji 62 Fijian Chiefs and Native Land 63 Pine-apple Industry for Fiji 65 Islands Mining Notes 68 Language as Key to N.G. People .... 74 Islands Produce and Exchange 76 Copra and Rubber Quotations 77 South Seas Shipping Services 78 2 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Pacific Islands Monthly The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas [Registered at the G.P.O. Sydney, for transmission hy post as a newspaper.] Published Once Each Month and Circulated in Australia and New Zealand and in the following Pacific Territories and Island Groups: Crown Colony of Fiji.

Australian Territory of Papua.

Mandated Territory (Australia) of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Northern Solomon Islands.

Mandated Territory (Japan) of Marshall, Caroline and Marianna Islands.

French Territory of New Caledonia.

British and French Condominium of New Hebrides.

American Territory of Eastern Samoa.

American Territory of Guam.

Mandated Territory of Nauru.

British Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

Mandated Territory (New Zealand) of Samoa.

British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

British Protectorate of Tongan Islands.

New Zealand Territory of Cook Islands.

Australian Territory of Norfolk Island.

French Colony of Oceania (Tahiti, etc.).

American Territory of Hawaiian Islands.

Owned and Produced by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney TELEPHONE BW 5037 P.O. BOX 3408 R Registered Address of Telegrams, Radiograms, and Cables: “PACPtJB.” Sydney.

Contributions Articles, Stories, and Photographs dealing with Pacific Islands subjects are invited, and will be paid for on publication at usual rates.

Subscription Rates Per Annum, within British Empire, Prepaid, Post Free 6/ Per Annum, elsewhere, prepaid. Post Free 8/ Single Copies 6d.

Editor and Publisher; R. W. ROBSON, F.R.G.S.

ADVERTISEMENTS Advertising rates furnished on application.

Colours, etc by Arrangement.

Process Blocks made at Advertiser’s expense when required. Screen, 100.

Changes of Advertising Copy should reach this Office by Bth of each month, otherwise previous advertisement may be repeated.

AGENTS The following are authorised to receive subscriptions for the Pacific Islands Monthly:— Islands Branches of Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., and Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd.

Islands Branches of W. R. Carpenter & Co., Ltd.

All Branches of Morris, Hedstrom & Co., Ltd.

G. Thomas & Co., Rabaul, New Guinea.

Whitten Bros., Ltd., Samarai, Papua.

P. Costello, Suva, Fiji.

J. Muir, Suva, Fiji, All Branches and Representatives of W. H. Grove and Sons, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand, Cook Islands Trading Co., Rarotonga, Cook Is.

W. H. Watson, Rarotonga, Cook Is.

Representative in London: W. C. HARVEY. Coronation Building, 4 Lloyds Avenue, London, E.C.2. from whom may be obtained copies of Pacific Islands Monthly, Pacific Islands Year Book, advertising schedules, etc.

Vol. VII., No. 4.

Sydney, November 24, 1936 Prir#> I 6d - Per Copy ' l llCc \ Prepaid: 6/- p.a.

Indentured Labour In The Pacific

THE editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly has been caned by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin because he has protested against the proposal of the N.Z. Government, in pursuance of its Socialistic ideology, to deport the few remaining Chinese labourers from Western Samoa, and thus deprive the Samoan planters of anything resembling a dependable labour supply.

The Honolulu newspaper says that our editor “is for the plantocracy” ; that he is guilty of “a particularly cold-blooded non-social utterance”; and that “the human aftermath is of no consequence to those who think only of 30 and 40 per cent.” (in other words, high profits).

The on many occasions, has urged the protection of the interests of the indigenous South Seas natives, as against those of European exploiters.

The editor knows Pacific Islands history pretty thoroughly, and is aware of the cruelties and racial perversions which have been forced upon the trusting, unoffending Polynesian folk by our ruthless Western civilisation. There is upon all Europeans an obligation to protect and help these native peoples, if only to provide a set-off to some of the horrible things perpetrated by white men in the last 150 years.

But, even if we bury our heads at times in the clouds, there is no need to forget that our feet are planted irrevocably upon the brutal, practical earth.

We must take the position v as we find it. Political and strategical necessities say that we must hold these Pacific Islands territories, for our own protection. They cannot be left to themselves—if they were abandoned, they would be mopped up by another nation * n a few hours.

Holding them, we are under an obligation to govern them properly, Government, with its concomitants of roads and bridges and wharves, water supply and health services, and education, means money. A regular revenue means taxation. Taxation means organised production. Production means dependable labour.

So there you are. It the land-owning islanders will not hire themselves out as labourers —and why should they?— then labourers must be provided from some other source.

Western Samoa is a very good case in point. When the country came into the hands of Germany and, later, into British possession, it already was partly over-run by European planters and traders. One could then, as now, make out a strong case for leaving the attractive brown people in sole control, with their own considerable culture, but already it was too late. Germany and Britain had to take Samoa as they found it—a country subject to European ideas of government, producing goods for export, and demanding organised public services—and carry on. They might, in 1890, or in 1914, have withdrawn all European forms and institutions from the country, ringed it about with warships as a warning to other predatory nations to keep out, and left the Samoans to their own devices. Such a thing has never 3 Monthly, November 24, 1936 Pacific Island

been done simply because, for obvious reasons, it is not practicable. The “white man’s burden” is—despite the arguments and jeers of idealists and dreamers—a real thing, and selfimposed.

The Samoans would not become plantation labourers, so the Germans brought in Chinese Coolies and Solomon Islanders. The British continued the system. Some of both classes of labourers took Samoan wives, and the resulting strains, while representing an unfortunate disturbance of the true Polynesian type, were not in themselves bad —and they are by no means numerous. (If the Star-Bulletin wants confirmation of that, let it call next door, at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, and ask the learned men there what they think of the Chinese-Polynesian cross.) The British, recognising the undesirableness of a fixed Chinese community in Samoa, have reduced the Chinese labourers from some thousands to 400; but they cannot further reduce that small labour force without imposing ruin on the principal plantations, and thus removing the principal sources of revenue and crippling the administration: The Samoan position is repeated, in more or less similar form, in all the Polynesian countries which have been occupied by white men. The Polynesians in Hawaii, in Tahiti, and in Fiji (for the purpose of this discussion, Fiji may be classed as Polynesian) have been born without either the inclination or the obligation to labour.

The European administrators have been compelled—in every case most unwillingly—to permit the introduction of foreign labourers. The result is that, to-day, there are large and established communities of Chinese and Japanese in Hawaii, of Chinese in Tahiti, of Indians and Chinese in Fiji.

No European likes what he sees in those Pacific Islands. We would, if we could, “shatter it to bits and remould it nearer to our heart’s desire.”

But it is too late.

All that can be done, now, is to see that Islands territories like Samoa, which have not yet had an Asiatic community fastened upon them, shall not be compelled to accept any such community. There is nothing much wrong with the system of using indentured Asiatic labour, provided that the indentured labourers are under proper control and are not allowed to settle permanently in the country. That was allowed in Hawaii, Tahiti and Fiji, with incalculable results, but it has not been allowed in Samoa, New Hebrides and New Caledonia (where very large numbers of Asiatics have been temporarily employed) and no racial harm has been done to those territories. The use of Asiatic labour, in the Islands, makes orderly and efficient administration possible; but the system must be subject to the strictest form of control.

Mr. A. E. Stephen delivered an address on “Treasure Islands of the Pacific” on November 10 to members of the N.S.W.

Geographical Society in Sydney. He described in detail the development of Ocean Is., Nauru, and Makatea, whose rich and enormous deposits of phosphates have been of such value to the agriculturists of the world.

Cheeky Sampan in B.S.I.

TNHIGNATION has been expressed by B.S.L residents at the cheekiness of a Japanese sampan which has been leading the authorities a merry dance at Vanikoro.

Towards the end of October an unusually large Japanese sampan cruised around the island and the crew spent some time diving for shell and sailing about inside the reef in front of the white settlement. Officials from the Government station in a cutter chased the poacher, but it was too fast and escaped.

The following day it returned to its previous anchorage. Again the Government boat went towards it, but the Japanese vessel made off quickly. The cutter went back to the settlement.

Employees of the Vanikoro Kauri Timber Co. could scarcely believe their eyes when shortly afterwards the same sampan daringly returned to continue shell poaching operations. Eventually the vessel sailed away from the island.

MANAGER OF COPRA PLANTATION (to visiting artist friend): “Laddie, you can talk about YOUR etchings—but observe MY masterpiece!

Study the magnificent line on the chart—observe its delightful upward tendency!” 4 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Copra Prices

JUMP Increased Values Must Improve Trade Throughout the Pacific THE copra prices which were quoted officially in London on November 20 (see our market reports at the end of this journal) are the highest that have been recorded since the Pacific Islands Monthly was established in 1930.

If the figures are examined it will be seen that the rise has not been rapid— these good prices have been reached by a slow, steady advance, extending over months.

Another comforting factor is that a series of causes appear to be contributing to the higher value of copra. There seems to be, comparatively, a world shortage of oils and fats. In the United States the stocks of cotton oil and lard are lower at present than has been the case for some years, while in Europe there is very little unsold whale oil and vegetable oil in store.

Two or three years ago there was as much as 400,000 tons of unsold whale oil in Europe.

Another factor is the change in the currency position.

When France, Italy, Switzerland, and Holland abandoned the gold standard, it was thought by some that, owing to the reduced purchasing power of their currency in the international market, they would buy less rather than more of such international commodities as oils and fats.

Actually, however, the contrary has been the case. Those countries believe that now they have a much better chance of increasing their exports and thus building up foreign credits; and as a result, and in order to get their factories going at full speed again, they have been buying all kinds of raw materials in increasing quantities, including copra and similar things.

It is most interesting to note that since April, 1934, when copra reached its disastrous low level (South Seas sun-dried, £7/5/-; Rabaul hot-air-dried, £7/15/-) the value of copra has more than doubled.

This all spells much better times for the South Seas planter—and that means also better for the South Seas trader. It will be interesting to observe the way in which this copra money will trickle afar off into remote and distant groups of islands. When the market went to pieces, large numbers of natives ceased making copra, and ceased to use articles supplied by Europeans, and returned to their old and primitive ways of living.

The recovery of copra will not only mean a better standard of life for European planters and traders, but it will mean also a far greater consumption of the white man’s goods in the more remote parts of the Pacific.

Brigadier-General W. Ramsay McNicoll, Administrator of New Guinea, who has been spending the last two months on furlough in Australia with his wife, returned to the Mandated Territory by the Nankin, which sailed from Sydney on November 14.

Mr. and Mrs. Zoltan de Havas arrived m Sydney from Papeete by the Maunganui on November 14, after a three years’ stay in Tahiti. Mr. de Havas, a Hungarian, went there originally with his English bride to spent a few weeks on a honeymoon trip from the Argentine, but they became so enchanted with the French Colony that the couple remained in residence there.

New Alluvial Goldfield in N.-W.

New Guinea WAU, Nov. 14.

DESCRIBED as the best goldfield for “battlers” since Morobe was found in 1926, a new alluvial field three days’ march inland from Matapau, on the North-west coast of the Mandated Territory, has attracted many well-known New Guinea miners. Matapau is 40 miles west of Wewak, the government station in that district.

At the present time there are about 60 men, the majority of whom are from Wan, working on the field, and reports state that they are mostly doing well.

Another party is leaving here next week for the field by the Macdhui.

Although the discovery of this new area has been known only a short time, the aviation companies are already running their ’planes to the field, which is a 350miles flight from Wau.

“UNTRUE”

Report About N.Z. Officials and Samoan Wives From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 27.

TTHE Fono of Faipule, when sitting in Apia during October, discussed a very wide variety and range of subjects.

The Acting Administrator (Mr. A. C.

Turnbull) was asked, for instance, whether it was a fact, as reported, that officials of the Administration who married native Samoan or half-caste girls were dismissed from the service, or were sent back to New Zealand. If there was such a regulation, said the Faipule, it should be revoked— officials should be allowed to select their wives without interference.

The Acting Administrator declared that the report to which reference was made was untrue.

New Governor Bound for Fiji Q!R ARTHUR RICHARDS, on his way to take lip his new appointment as Govf™' Fiji and High Commissioner for tne Western Pacific, arrived in Sydney on November 12, on the liner Strathnaver. He was accompanied by Lady Richards and their three children—Diana, aged eight, rraser, who is six, and three-months-old Michael, rrom 1934 to 1936 Sir Arthur Richards was Governor of Gambia, West Africa, and before that was Governor of North Borneo.

In 1929 he was Adviser to the Government of Johore (Malay States), and before that was for 25 years a member of the Malayan Civil Service, in which he held a number of important appointments, Sir Arthur left Sydney by the Axoatea on November 13 for Auckland. From Auckland he will go to Fiji by the motorship Matua and expects to reach Suva on November 27.

Sir Arthur Richards, with his wife and two of their children.

From Wau To

MELBOURNE Quick Trip by Plane GUINEA Airways Limited have been making aviation history with their new Lockheed Electra monoplane.

It was decided in October that a party of the Company’s directors should visit New Guinea; and as time is an important factor with business men, it was arranged that the Lockheed should fly down to Australia and carry them back to the goldfield.

When this was known, a number of Morobe residents decided that they would take this opportunity of making a quick visit to Australia. The fact that the Melbourne Cup was about to be run probably influenced them.

The Lockheed left Wau on October 28 with nine passengers in charge of Pilot “Tommy” O’Dea and stayed that night at Port Moresby; flew the next day to Brisbane; and the following day from Bisbane to Melbourne. The 200 miles-per-hour machine put up a good record and demonstrated the practicability of a passenger service between New Guinea and the eastern states of Australia.

The monoplane left Sydney on its return trip on November 12 in charge of Pilot O’Dea, carrying a party of Guinea Airways directors, Mr. R. W. Robson (Editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly), and four of the passengers who came down to Australia by her.

The Lockheed is scheduled to leave New Guinea again about November 23 to fly south to Sydney on the return trip with the directors of Guinea Airways; and will fly back to New Guinea immediately thereafter, leaving Sydney about November 27. unexplored country in the north-west of Papua, part of which was Visited by the Hides expedition in 1935.

The party consists of the two white officers, 27 native carriers, and members of the Papuan Armed Constabulary.

On May 25, the patrol advised that they had gone up the Bamu River, in the Western Division, and were on the slopes of Leonard Murray Mountain, with full supplies for the whole party until the end of August. It was hoped to eke out the stock with supplies procured from friendly natives, so that it would last until the end of September, or even October.

Mr. Champion previously was with the Karius patrol, and Mr. Adamson, a Patrol Officer, is a tried bushman. It is not known where they will break through, but it is expected that it will be on the Purari River.

Papuan Patrol

Mr. Champion’s Expedition NEWS is now being awaited of the return to civilisation of the expedition which left Port Moresby early this year, led by Mr. Ivan F. Champion, A.R.M., and Mr. C. T. J. Adamson, to penetrate the

Reached The Purari?

On November 23 a radiogram received from our Ft. Moresby correspondent stated that a tin floating down from the Purari headwaters had been picked up, suggesting that the Champion party had reached the Purari.

The message added that Mr. Champion’s wide patrolling experience and his ability to take accurate bearings support the local belief that the expedition will soon be brought to a successful completion.

Tahiti's New Governor From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Oct. 27. \ new Governor of full rank has been appointed for French Oceania in the person of Monsieur Chastenet de Gery, Officer of the Legion of Honour, ex-Inspector of Colonies, and ex-Marine Officer.

The present Acting-Governor, M. Henri Sautot, who came to Tahiti from the New Hebrides where he was for some years Administrator for Franc© in the dual Franco-British Government, will remain in Tahiti as Chief Magistrate of the Colony.

It had been thought that when M. Sautot was relieved of the Acting-Governorship, he would take up his old position in the New Hebrides, and there will be many expressions of regret in the Condominium when it is learned that he will not be returning.

Passengers by Guinea Airways' Lockheed Elytra photographed on their arrival in Sydney from left: Mr. A. J. Hoile (Morobe miner), Mr. C. Reynolds (N.G.planter), Mrs. E. L. Bartlett (wife of the overseer of Upper watut Gold Aluvials, at Slate Creek) and her sixmonths-old daughter, june, Mr. R. Marnane (who came South for eye treatment), Mr.Ewen M. Bland (executive of Papuann oil Development Ltd., on a busoness visit), Mr. T. Flower (Wau builder), pilot "Tommy" O'Dea (assistant manager of Guinea Sirways Ltd.), and Mr. A. Dickson (miner). The other passenger (not included in the piture) was Mr. L. A. Willis, who has acting as transport officer tor the Archbold Party in Papua. 6 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

James Larkin

Release After Serving Five Years THE release of James Larkin from the Tuncurry Prison Camp, New South Wales took place on November 3. It is understood that he will be married at an early date, and will go to live in South America.

Mr. Larkin was the owner of Noru plantation, in the Admiralty Group, New Guinea, and on October 28, 1931, he reprimanded a native labourer. Sambung.

Sambung was insolent and cheeky, and a fight occurred between Larkin and Sambung. Larkin was bitten, and severely injured. Later, under Larkin’s orders, Sambung was held and flogged.

Sambung subsequently became very ill, and died, apparently from blood-poisoning caused by his flogging.

On November 30, 1931, Chief Judge Wanliss found Larkin guilty of murder, and sentenced him to ten years’ imprisonment.

Some of Mr. Larkin’s friends, and the Pacific Islands Monthly, took the view that the verdict was wrong and the punishment excessive; and that the offence, if any, was manslaughter; and. during 1932, 1933, and 1934, an agitation was carried on for a revision of the sentence. A petition (promoted by the P.1.M., and the cost borne by public subscription in New Guinea) was presented to the Administrator in 1935, carrying over 600 signatures, and praying for reconsideration of the case.

Early in 1935, the editor of the P.I.M. was informed, unofficially but authoritatively, that if he would “shut up for a while,” something would be done in Rabaul, in the Larkin case. The editor promised to “shut up” accordingly, and did, during 1935.

Early in 1936, as nothing had been done, we prepared to renew the agitation. Then we were informed that the Larkin case would be dealt with this year—“please say nothing in the meantime.” Finally, in June, we learned that Mr. Larkin would be released in November.

If we had known that nearly two years were to elapse before anything was done, we should never have agreed to “shut up” in the first place.

Mr. Larkin should have been released a year ago. As it is, he has served five years—which is an excessive sentence.

New Guinea residents would very much like to know the true story of the opposition that was organised and presented in Rabaul against any interference with the original sentence on James Larkin.

Wau Hotels Sold To

Carpenter Interests

THE two licensed hotels at Wau, the chief town of the New Guinea goldfields—Parer’s Hotel and the Bulolo Hotel—were sold on November 14 to a syndicate in which Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd. has a controlling Interest.

The Bulolo Hotel was started in the “early days” by Mrs. F. S. Stewart. Parer’s Hotel was erected early last year.

Tlwo new companies, the Wau Hotel Ltd. and the Bulolo Hotel Ltd., will be formed in Sydney to operate the establishments. These concerns will take charge immediately the transfers are sanctioned by the N.G. Administration,

Real Fishing!

Sydney Man’s Sport Near Suva EXCEEDINGLY good fishing was reported by Mr. J. A. Armstrong, of Oliver Road, Roseville, Sydney, who returned after a two months’ holiday spent in Suva with Mr. Carl Corbett.

Mr. Armstrong intended spending only a few days in Fiji; but Mr. Corbett took him out in his launch among the reef passages near Suva and. day after day, they found sport which enthralled the Sydney man.

Trolling, usually in the reef passages, but sometimes outside, they caught half a dozen varieties of very game, fighting fish.

Their best ground was the Naqara passage, some 10 miles from Suva.

“There is no better fishing anywhere,” declared Mr. Armstrong. “Some of those ogo fish go up to 60 lbs., and they and the sanka fight like tigers. They are all edible fish.”

Captain G. F. Zimmer, one-time R.A.F, pilot and formerly of the Papuan Service, arrived in Sydney from Port Moresby by the Macdhui early in November. He will spend a few months in Australia before returning to his gold claim on the headwaters of the Tiveri River.

Sydney-Frisco Line to Cease Tahiti Connection By French Lines Through Noumea WITHIN a few weeks the old-established shipping line, carried on by Union Company vessels between Sydney and San Francisco, via Wellington, Rarotonga, and Papeete, will have disappeared.

The two vessels which have been carrying on the service, the Makura and the Mannganui, are now on their last trips.

The Maunganui left the service when she arrived in Sydney on November 14 and, until February next, she will be engaged in the trans-Tasman service.

The Makura will terminate a quarter of a century’s service for the Union Steam Ship Co. when she arrives in Sydney in December. She will go to New Zealand and then will be delivered to a Chinese company which has purchased her. She will leave for Shanghai early in January.

The Union Co. said that the Makura has steamed for more than 2,300,000 miles in the Pacific, which is probably a British, if not a world steamship record.

With the withdrawal of this line there is no longer a direct passenger service between Australia and Tahiti. It will be possible, however, for persons desiring to take this trip to travel to Tahiti under comfortable conditions by Messageries Maritimes vessels.

Four large modern M.M. liners carry on a six-weekly service between Marseilles, Panama, Tahiti. Vila, and Noumea. It was thought, when the Union line was withdrawn, that the French line might be extended from Noumea to Sydney, but that evidently is not possible.

The Messageries Maritimes Company, however, have introduced into the Noumea- Sydney service, to run every five or six week, a new vessel, the Pierre Loti, which has very good accommodation and which recently was in the Mediterranean service.

She will connect at Noumea with the four liners from Marseilles —the Eridan, Commissaire Ramcl, Ville de Strasbourg, and Ville d’Amiens.

While French currency remained on the gold standard. Australians could not contemplate travelling by the French line to Papeete, but now all that is changed. The first-class return voyage from Sydney to Tahiti, via New. Caledonia and the South Pacific Islands, will cost £B7, and there is likelihood of a reduction in that price.

The French liners between Tahiti and Noumea call at Fiji for oil fuel but, owing to the heavy port dues at Suva, they do not pick up passengers. If they did, a very attractive trip would be offered to Pacific travellers wishing to visit Eastern Polynesia namely, Sydney, Auckland, Suva, and Tahiti.

There will be no direct connection, now, between Rarotonga and Tahiti. The Cook Islands communication with the outside world will now be supplied by' the new Union motorship Matua.

The Union Steam Ship Company will run freighters regularly between Australia and Tahiti.

Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Wauchope, of Awar Plantation, Madang, arrived in Sydney from New Guinea by the Nellore on November 19. After a short holiday in Australia they will depart for Europe.

Mr. Claude Barnes, Chief Clerk in the Kavieng Government Station, New Guinea, arrived in Brisbane by the Macdhui early in November to spend a few months’ holiday.

A 5ft. ogo, weighing 60lb., caught by Mr. J. A.

Armstrong in Naqara Passage. It took 20 minutes to land.

The snapshot shows Mr. Armstrong (centre), and Mr. Corbett (right of picture). The party, between 7 a.m. and 2 p.m., on October 25, caught these 23 fish (walu, sanka, ogo, and donu), which weighed 261l b. The long fish, held by the men on the outside, are ogo. The fish held by Mr.

Armstrong, in the centre, are sanka. 7 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Treacherous Attack by Savages N. Guinea Officer’s Terrible Experience From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Nov. 1. pROPPED up with cushions, with almost every portion of his body bandaged and with his left leg amputated, A. D. O. Nurton described the attack which took place inland from the Rai Coast, on the mainland of New Guinea, on the morning of September 24.

"AT about 9.30 a.m. a small armed party, consisting of eight men and five women, came running to my fenced-in personal camp,” said Mr. Nurton.

“I immediately buckled on my ‘armour,’ which consisted of the metal of a 501 b. biscuit tin, covered on the outside with khaki material and lined inside with a thick row of cotton wool, covered with calico. After arming myself, I halted the party at the gate of the compound and I noticed that one of the men wore the cap of lulucui, while another wore a tultul’s cap.

“They addressed me in piteous tones and appeared to beg to be allowed to enter, and as a sign of friendliness threw down their bows and arrows. I had the impression they were survivors of a fight, and I tried to tell them that I would send for an interpreter from the road gang. I allowed them then to enter the compound and ordered them to place their bows and arrows against the fence, which was specially constructed for defensive purposes. The ground for six feet outside and inside was thickly planted with razoredged and needle-pointed ground-spears.

“The natives entered,” continued Mr.

Nurton, “and sat about, appearing very nervous: they asked me to sit down with them, but I declined and walked about. I thought possibly they had come for census purposes and, noting their nervousness, I put my arms away into an adjacent house, and returned to them unarmed, though still wearing my armour.

“Walking up to them I picked up one of their most dangerous arrows and with it violently stabbed my body, with only the result that the arrow was shattered. This caused a look of amazement to come to their faces. I walked among them, speaking kindly, and to the two be-capped natives I offered to shake hands, to which they smilingly responded; I also offered to shake hands with the other older men.

Two of them accepted, but the third coldly refused.

“Whilst I was standing against the fence I noticed a sudden signal made by the luluai, who suddenly held me in his arms. I broke from his grip and then noticed that the whole party were armed with 14in. knives, which they had snatched like magic from their hilums (string bags).

“The first blow I received was a parallel slash with a knife, evidently intended for my eyes. I remember blood spurting out and running down my neck and I remember thinking how warm it felt.

There was no more pain, though, than a stiff boxing left on the nose.

“The next swipe was a hefty knife swing to my neck. This I parried with my right arm, with the result that the cut fractured the bone; fortunately, no tendons were severed.

“The next attack from my assailants was a swipe that nearly took off the top of my head. Bleeding copiously, I began to feel that my contest was lost and, feeling a little punch-drunk, I flopped near the fence.

“The police-boy who had been working with me had apparently gone away somewhere and the others, including my cookboy, were out of sight, so I fell alone in the fence. My assailants could not reach my head as it was hidden in the fence.

“I kicked vigorously at my attackers.

My left foot was nearly severed at the instep by a blow, and the other leg had two lesser wounds. They shot arrows at my armoured body, without effect. They then bombarded me with limestone rocks, which I generally diverted with the quick unflung legs.

“I then struggled through the fence, got up and raced pell-mell down the hill toward the police quarters. Half-way down, my left leg snapped like a pistol and I turned a complete somersault.

“I lay on the ground and, looking back, I saw a young man running towards me, armed with a 16-inch knife.

“Then I heard the glorious crack of a rifle, and the treacherous native crumpled up in his stride, while his shining knife went hurtling through the air like a ski.

I struggled up and crawled as best I could to the police quarters, where I climbed on a bench and listened to the yells and shooting of the fight.”

Later, Mr. Nurton discovered that the withdrawal of the attackers was due to the bravery of his personal cook-boy who, armed with a rifle, managed to account for seven of the attackers; several others being wounded.

Mr. Nurton graphically described the trip out to the beach —a distance of 17 miles —and then up the coast until a native boat was chartered, which landed the injured man at Madang after three days of terrible journeying.

Dr. Sinclair, of Salamaua, flew to Madang, where he consulted with Dr.

MacQueen.'and it was decided to amputate the left leg below the knee. The following day Mr. Nurton was sent to Habaul on board the Montoro, where he was placed in Namanula hospital for treatment. His progress is satisfactory.

Cycle Race Without Cycles

A NATIVE bicycle race at Houailou, New Caledonia. There are several competitors, but only one bicycle. The distance is two miles, and the start takes place every 15 minutes. The competitor leaps upon the cycle, pedals one mile out and one mile back, and is timed. The village has neither chronometer nor stopwatch, so the time is taken by a native, who regularly strikes a resounding blow upon an empty case. His blows are counted; and the competitor who completes the journey with the least number of blows is the winner. The photo, (by Paul Mercier) shows the winner.

Hazardous Voyage In

Tiny Yacht

CONCLUDING a hazardous voyage from Tahiti, the tiny 21ft. yacht Farys arrived at Auckland, New Zealand, early in November. The yacht has a beam of only eight feet and very little freeboard.

The crew comprised a Polish journalist, Erwin Webber, and a Palmerston Islander, Jimmy Marsters. Webber intends to study painting in the Dominion before making another cruise among the Pacific Islands.

Mr. and Mrs. A. Cridland, of East Cape, Samarai, Papua, who are at present staying at Manly, N.S.W., on furlough have received many messages of congratulations on the birth of a daughter—Desiree Prescilla—on October 20. Mrs. Cridland will return to the Territory by the December Macdhui. 8 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Lava Flows

Manam Island Volcano in Eruption VOLCANIC eruptions extending over a week occurred on Manam (Vulcan) Island, off the north coast of New Guinea, during October.

Stones w r ere thrown 3,000 ft. into the air and in the heavy flow of lava seawards, native gardens were destroyed. No lives were lost, however, and the natives declined to leave the island.

The B.P. inter-island steamer Maiwara witnessed terrific eruptions in the evenings of October 18 and 24. On both occasions the vessel stood by, but the natives did not appear to require assistance or wish to leave the island.

A party under a Government Patrol Officer departed from Madang on October 27 to investigate the position of the 3,000 natives on the island. Supplies of rice were taken for their sustenance.

Manam, about nine miles off the coast of the N.G. mainland, is situated southeastward of the mouth of the Sepik River.

Its area is about 32 square miles, and it has a cone-shaped crater 4,265 ft. high, still active. The island is constantly seen with its head in a cloud of vapour.

A previous eruption on the island occurred in March, 1921, the volcano emitting quantities of steam, dust, and debris, with occasional flows of lava. A more violent outbreak was in August, 1919, when gardens and houses were destroyed.

There was also an eruption on the island in 1917, following an earthquake.

The Manam natives believe the visitations to be the work of an evil spirt, and it is their custom to appease its wrath by solemn dancing, to the beating of drums and the blowing of long pipes of bamboo.

Labourers Wanted

Samoan Planters’ Plight From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 28.

AS a sidelight upon the Chinese question, it is worth noting that planters here to-day, owing to the stimulus of greatly improved quotations for cocoa, copra, bananas, etc., are anxiously seeking labour, but they cannot get it. All the Chinese labourers, of course, are employed and the planters are trying to get Samoan labourers—especially to assist in bringing in the cocoa crop and also for weeding and bushfelling.

Actually, they are experiencing the greatest difficulty in obtaining any Samoan labour at all. The Samoans are enjoying so much prosperity, as a result of the activity in the banana and copra markets, that they refuse to work on the plantations for any wages that may be offered.

Yet the New Zealand Government proposes to send away our Chinese labour!

Mr. J. G. Hid es, formerly Assistant Resident Magistrate in Papua, gave an interesting lantern lecture to members of Tattersall’s Club, Sydney, on November 11. His subject was “Savages in Serge,’’ and he praised the magnificent work of the Papuan Armed Constabulary, which, he declared, “had kept open the laneways between civilisation and the stone age.”

FISHERMAN’S “LUCK”

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, Nov. 1 LORING ANDREWS, American writer resident here, is a noted fishing enthusiast. Returning recently from a visit to New Zealand, the author brought back a beautiful little speed launch capable of 27 knots, all gadgets and polished woodwork.

Zane-Greying out from Avatieu harbour one morning last week Mr. Andrews, with two companions promptly hooked a 4-foot para weighing 601 b. On board the launch, the visitor at once bit his host just above the ankle so severely that the party were obliged to return immediately for a couple of stitches to be put in. But a fish-bite being considered proverbially lucky for those who are not bitten, the launch put out to sea again, running six or seven miles down the coast.

There the engine batteries gave out.

Opposite the wireless station the fishing party signalled for assistance, anchoring off the reef whilst the Government whaleboat rowed down from Avarua with the Chief of Police and the Harbour Master aboard. With fresh batteries the launch was again got under way until a native youth, leaning overboard, touched a spark plug with his wet clothing and caused a backfire which wrenched away a portion of the distributor.

Towed home by the whaleboat against a strong headwind, Mr. Andrews’ opinion of polished speed boats, 601 b paras, native boys, and life in general were all unfit for publication in any self-respecting newspaper.

Kava For Tongan Prince

FK)R the second time in recent months the old Polynesian ceremony of making and presenting kava will be performed in Sydney when the Polynesian Club holds its next function. The guest of honour will be Prince George Taufa’ahau, heir to the Tongan throne.

The gathering will be held at the Green Door, George-street, Sydney, on Tuesday, December 1. After the kava ceremony, an entertainment of Maori and Islands songs and dances will be provided by members of the Club.

Rev. Father Franz J. Kirschbaum, who is one of the best-known missionaries in North-west New Guinea, returned to the Mandated Territory by the Macdhui on November 12.

Captain A. S. Fitch, managing-director of Steamships Trading Co. Ltd., of Papua, who had spent recent months in Australia on furlough, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui in November.

Types of residential buildings being erected on Tavua Goldfield, Fiji, in July. Upper: Houses for native labourers.

Lower: Houses for European staff; with view, northwards, towards ocean. 9 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Death Of Ratu Popi Cakobau

Administrator’s Difficult Position Political Unrest in Samoa From a Special Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 21. 4 WORD of praise should be given to the way in which the Acting-Administrator of Western Samoa (Mr. A. C.

Turnbull) has conducted himself in a position of extraordinary difficulty. (See long article on Page 49.) He has been scrupulously loyal to the new Government in New Zealand and has fully co-operated with both the “Goodwill Mission” and Mr. O. F, Nelson, who were ‘•wished” on him by the N.Z, Government.

With his knowledge of Samoa and the Samoans he must have known that what was being done would only cause more serious trouble, but no-one heard from him a word of protest or complaint. When the new Fono got out of hand he displayed both tact and strength in handling a deplorable situation.

The outlook is very uncertain —there is likely to be bad feeling between the old party (the Mau) and the two new parties —the European party and the Malietoa section. It would not surprise anyone if the N.Z. Government tries to get out of the mess it has made by sacrificing Mr.

Turnbull. At least, he will have the satisfaction of knowing that he has earned the respect and admiration of all the Europeans here.

At this stage one cannot help remembering the forecast made by the Editor of the P.I.M. when he was here early in July—namely, that the “Goodwill Mission” was making confusion worse confounded; that the N.Z. Government would keep Mr. Turnbull in office in an acting capacity until they saw what would happen, and then they would “slaughter” him; and that Mr. Turnbull probably would be crushed between upper and nether millstones, neither of which were of his own creating.

Mr. C. G. A. Done, Town Clerk of Thursday Island, has been appointed Shire Clerk of Kingaroy, Queensland.

More Suicides

Curious Development In Marshalls From a Special Correspondent.

JALUIT, Aug. 18.

SO far this year there have been three suicides and two attempted suicides among these natives (Marshall Islanders).

The first of these cases is supposed to have been the outcome of grief and despair—in the other two cases, and in one of the attempted cases, marital troubles or disappointment in love affairs are the apparent causes.

As suicide formerly was almost unknown in the Marshall Islands (according to my recollection, there were only four cases in the previous 45 years), the question arises as to the possible underlying cause of this development. Marital troubles and love disappointments always have been common without inducing suicide —such, probably, are only minor factors. It seems to me that the major factors may be traced to the advancement of civilisation —the inability of some to adjust themselves to the tempo of modern life, the acquirement of new ethical standards, and a new attitude towards self-destruction.

Two U.S. Motorships For

Pacific Trade

TWO motorships, the Silveroak and Silverspruce, have been bought in America by Messrs. Flood Bros., of San Francisco, for the trade between the South Seas and U.S.A.

Built in 1919, they are 333 feet long and of 3,380 tons gross register. They will be renamed the Fijian and Samoan respectively. Each vessel will lift about 3,500 tons of copra from the Central Pacific Groups each voyage.

M. Georges Ferre, a French journalist who is well-known in Tahiti, New Caledonia, and the New Hebrides, arrived in Papeete by the Makura from San Francisco in October.

Air Service From

N.G. To Sydney

Tenders to be Called r FHE plan for the establisment of a regular air service between Sydney and New Guinea, which had not received any publicity for a considerable time, has been actively revived —probably as a result of the recent flights of Guinea Airways’ new Lockheed Electra machine—and tenders are about to be called by the Defence Defence Department for a weekly air-mail service. The Minister for Defence said that the Civil Aviation Branch has been asked to report on the matter.

It is anticipated at the present time that there will be only two tenderers —Messrs.

Guinea Airways Limited and Messrs. W.

R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., both of whom operate important aerial transport services in New Guinea. It is quite on the cards, however, that some of the big aviation companies in Australia will become interested.

The service at first, presumably, will end at Wau or Lae. It cannot be extended yet to Rabaul, because Rabaul has no aerodrome.

The establishment of a weekly air mail service between Australia and the Territories (for a service to New Guinea necessarily means the inclusion of Papua) will mark a new era in the development of this important region. The copra industry is once more profitable; New Guinea has another profitable industry in gold; Papua’s rubber industry now is flourishing; and good prices are being offered for coffee and cocoa.

It stands to reason that Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, within a very short time, are going to respond generously to the stimulus of high commodity prices, cheap labour, abundant rainfall and fertility, and improved and steadily improving communications.

Help for British in N. Hebrides r T'HE following is taken from the official report of the Commonwealth Parliament of November 4: Mr. E. J. Harrison: In view of the preference given to French planters in the New Hebrides by the Government of France, shipping companies, and others, which is tending to establish a French national spirit that may lead to the acquisition of the New Hebrides by France, will the Minister for Trade and Customs consider the advisability of granting to Australian and British planters in the New Hebrides such concessions in regard to coffee and other products as are granted to the planters in New Guinea?

Mr. T. W. White (Minister for Customs): Already some favourable treatment is being extended to British planters in the New Hebrides. Sympathetic consideration will be given to the honourable member’s request, and if he will supply me with details I shall make a full reply.

Mr. J. Venning, who is prominent in Rabaul’s swimming circles, married Miss Isabel Christ, of Brisbane, at St. George’s Church, Rabaul, New Guinea, on October 26.

Mr. Frank Pryke, one of the original pioneers of the Morobe goldfield, New Guinea, arrived in Sydney with his wife by the Macdhui on November 5. He had been on a health trip to the East.

With the death at Bau last month of the Hon. Ratu Popi Epeli Cakobau, M.L.C., Vunivalu (Paramount Chief), and grandson of the late King Cakobau, Fiji lost one of her most distinguished native personalities.

Ratu Popi, who was 53 years of age, had a long and honorable career in the Government Service.

The accompanying photograph, by courtesy of the Methodist “Mission Review,” shows the late chief with his wife, Adi Torika. 10 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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STERLING VARNISH CO.. Alexandria, RESISTS TROPICAL SUN New South Wales TROPICALITIES THE appointment of J. R. Halligan as Acting - Administrator of Norfolk Island has not gone unnoticed by the quidnuncs of the Pacific Territories’ services. “Ha, ha!” and “Oh, oh!” they said. ‘ This is an indication that Halligan is in line for one of the big jobs—Papua or New Guinea, maybe.” It may not be all idle chatter —and it would not be a bad thing if it were not. Mr. Halligan is one of the very few men who have climbed up the public service ladder without developing the outlook of the public servant and bureaucrat. The average public servant, while efficient and trustworthy, has an inelastic mind and an absence of initiative, so that, in an emergency, he simply glues his nose to “the letter of the regulations,” and stays there. Such a man, in a high administrative job, is a perpetual irritation to the public, and a pain in the neck to his staff. Mr. Halligan is one of the exceptions. In spite of many cramping years in the Prime Minister’s Department, Mr. Halligan has maintained a broad and independent outlook on affairs, and confidence in his own judgment; and, with that training and character, plus an attractive personality, he should be useful in a bigger job. Hundreds of people who have met him as an efficient and always courteous officer of the Prime Minister’s Department will wish him “Good luck!” during his Norfolk Island sojourn. * * * TTHUS Mr. Marc. T. Greene on the Samoan situation, as he sees it from London: “Nelson is and will continue to be as long as he lives a symbol to the Samoans, a symbol of their grievances against the white man and of resistance to them.

“They always have had and will go on having, from their own point of view, those grievances, and no such policy as New Zealand seems now to be embarking upon—offering a friendly hand and asking to be forgiven—will make any impression whatever upon the" Samoans. They are no doubt laughing in their sleeves now at this new regime in N.Z, The only thing they respect is firmness, and that’s why they respected the Germans.

“The difference between their attitude toward Germany and New Zealand is simply that, while they liked neither, they respected the former and despised the latter.

“The Samoans, who are as unlike the Maoris or the Tahitians or the Hawaiians a Frenchman is unlike a Spaniard, must be dealt with firmly; but, as I have repeatedly pointed out, firmness need not be accompanied by injustice and stupidity, as it has been ever since N.Z. took over these islands.” * * ♦ THE recent appointment of both new ~ m Governor and new Chief Justice to Fiji, calls to mind the amusing picture conjured up in the diary of the first Governor of Fiji (Sir Arthur Gordon, afterwards Lord Stanmore) in his strained relations with his C.J. of those days.

Apparently they did not like each other and the C.J. seemed to try every method possible to harass His Excellency.

The Governor was extremely anxious that some sensible sort of dress might evolve to suit tropical conditions, and most folk agreed with him in wearing white trousers and shirts, with bright cummerbunds, and with a bright puggaree about a white helmet.

The C.J. at this time began to irritate the Governor by taking, as his regular morning “constitutional,” a row in a dinghy from the town proper up to Government House at Nasova and back, clad, if you please, in the customary Victorian style of long frock coat and tall silk hat. This stretch of water, it might be said, can be particularly hot in the morning when the sun glints off the sea on to the ironstone cliffs. —“The Padre.” ♦ * * HENRY DEXTER—who, although he is a beardless, sprightly man, calls himself “Old Trader Horn of Papua”—is on the Mongolia, due in Sydney early in January.

Dexter made a modest “pile,” trading in Milne Bay, and decided in 1934 to retire and live in England. He stood it six months, and returned to Papua. Then family matters called him and, after a few weeks in Samarai, he sailed for England.

He had been there only a few months when his sister died. Then he bought a store, and decided to settle down in Hampshire Three months of English winter were sufficient to lift him out by the roots. He has sold out, and is again looking for the warmth of the southern seas. * * * TO hand from Mr. J. H. H. Millett, president of the Suva Bowling Club, is an interesting brochure, giving the history of the Suva Bowling Carnival. This is becoming one of the highlights of the bowlers’ year in the South Seas. It is held every year in July, when climatic conditions in Suva are ideal; and every bowler in Australia and New Zealand who can afford it puts dull care in the toolhouse and locks the door, takes his wife and daughter firmly by the arm, marches them aboard a trans-Pacific liner, and proceeds to enjoy the holiday of a lifetime. For two weeks, Suva’s picturesque streets are made more picturesque by crowds of flamboyant blazers: wives and daughters go on excursions around Fiji and explore the mysterious shops of All-Nations Street; and the famous hospitality of Suva residents is given full play. And as for the bowling !

Mr. Millett “ventures to prophesy that the Suva bowling carnival will become the greatest bowling festival in the Pacific.”

He is betting on a certainty. • • • JAPAN’S administration of her mandated islands in the South Seas was sharply criticised at the sitting of the Mandates Commission on November 10.

Differences of approximately one-third between imports and exports—the latter being greater—led to the suggestion that the Japanese were draining the islands of their natural resources, giving the natives little in return.

The Japanese delegate (Mr. Ito) despite a five hour cross-examination,'was unable to supply information beyond that contained in his Government’s report, although the official reason of his presence was to furnish particulars as required. His denials were so firm that the Commission did not attempt to obtain information about the fortifications alleged to exist in the islands, contrary to the Versailles Treaty. Nor did it deal with the series of air bases being ■erected, according to the Japanese, to follow the movements of fish.

N.G. Schooner Wrecked From Our Own Correspondent.

HABAUL, Nov. 14. ¥"|RAGGING her anchor in a stiff southeast squall, the schooner Dawaun was wrecked on a reef in the Cartaret Islands on October 29. She carried a number of passengers and 900 bags of copra, and was manned by a white captain and engineer with a native crew of 12. All were saved.

Captain Cruickshank, with three natives, sailed 70 miles through high seas in a small flat-bottomed ship’s boat to Kessa Plantation on Buka Island. A message was then sent by radio to Rabaul. The Elizabeth was despatched to rescue the marooned passengers and crew, and pick up Captain Cruickshank. They arrived here safely on November 11, An auxiliary schooner of 47 tons, the Damaun first came to New Guinea some years ago as La France, carrying the American-financed Coultas expedition. 11 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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About Islands People

Mr. R. V. Alford, accountant at the Bank of New South Wales in Samarai, Papua, joined the Tanda on October 22 for a holiday trip to the East.

Rev. R. V. Grant, L.Th., of the Methodist Mission, who is stationed at Cape Pearson, Papua, arrived in Sydney on furlough by the Macdhui on November 5.

Mr. D. B. Wallace, of Guinea Airways mechanical staff at Lae, New Guinea, married Miss Phyllis Trader, of Adelaide, at Port Moresby early in October when the bride arrived from Australia by the Macdhui.

Mr. R. W. Douglass, of th© National Bank of Australasia, Thursday Island, sailed by the October Changte for Australia on transfer.

Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Rich, of Samarai, arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui from Papua on November 5. Mr. Rich is Assistant Resident Magistrate at Samarai.

Mr. J. J. Peddie, Bacteriologist in the Western Samoan Medical Department, returned to Apia with his wife from furlough in New Zealand by the October Maui Pomare.

Mr. R. Reye, of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission in Western Samoa, returned to Apia from a holiday visit to Australia and New Zealand by the Matua on October 27.

Mr. Henry Stephenson Edgar, J.P., who has been Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island, and acting chief magistrate at various times, returned to N.I. from Sydney by the Morinda on October 29.

Mr. Torres Cohen has resigned from the Thursday Island Town Council, his place being taken by Mr. J. I. Dunwoodie.

Mr. Cohen has left T.I. to reside with relatives in Townsville, North Queensland.

M. Siadous, Governor of New Caledonia, will leave the French Colony by the Ville de Strasbourg for Marseilles, France, on December 3. His successor, M. Marchesson, is expected to arrive via Australia on December 7.

Mr. Arthur J. Vogan, F.R.G.S., a wellknown Pacific traveller, writer, and archaeologist, has been notified that his book entitled “Lemka Days,” dealing with his experiences in Fiji, is about to be published in England.

Mr. S. A. P. (“Toby”) Clarke, a popularresident of New Guinea, died in Wau Hospital on October 18, aged 42. At the time of his death he was medical assistant at Edie Creek for New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. Mr. Clarke originally joined the Expropriation Board in New Guinea in 1921, becoming attached to the health branch. Six years later he entered the service of the Melanesia Company, serving until 1932, when he became an officer of the N.G. Public Service. Last year he joined the staff of N.G.G. Ltd.

Miss E. L. Cheeseman, an English entomologist, who has been in the interior of New Guinea for 10 months, arrived-in Sydney by the Macdhui on November 5 on her way back to the British Museum.

London. She penetrated the old Cyclops mountain range in Dutch New Guinea, and also visited Lake Sentani, which, once salt, is now fresh water. Miss Cheeseman has travelled extensively alone in the South Seas. Eleven years ago she collected specimens in the Society Group, and has since visited the New Hebrides, and Papua. 12 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Room Only Rate. 5/- per day. Meals a la Carte Accommodation for 100 Guests. 127 PHILLIP STREET SYDNEY Next Door to Martin Place Rev. G. Stallan, of the London Missionary Society’s station at Fagalele, Tutuila Island, American Samoa, has been appointed principal of the L.M.S. College at Malua, in Western Samoa.

Professor Harrison Smith, formerly of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who is now a resident of Tahiti, left Papeete recently on a short visit to the United States to attend the Tercentenary of the Harvard University at Cambridge, Massachusetts, of which he is a graduate.

Dr. Fred. J. Williams, Government Medical Officer at Samarai, Eastern Papua, arrived in Sydney by the November Macdhui. He sailed by the Maloja on November 14 for London, where he intends taking a post graduate course.

Mr. and Mrs. Ivan Nottage left Rarotonga, Cook Islands, by the Maunganui for New Zealand early in November. For eight years they had resided in Rarotonga, where Mr. Nottage was Senior Fruit Inspector in the C.I. Agriculture Department.

Mr. A. J. Bates, who has been 36 years in the Papuan Public Service during the latter part of which he has been Chief Clerk in the Government Secretary’s Department at Port Moresby, arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui in November. He is on long leave for nine months, at the end of which he will retire from the Service.

Mr. A. J. Marshall, a Sydney zoologist who is associated with the Oxford Exploration Club, returned to Australia from New Guinea by the Macdhui in November after making a preliminary reconnaissance for an expedition from England which, it is hoped, will explore Central N.G. in 1937 or 1940.

Dr. Walter J. Williams, lately British Consul at Tahiti, and one of the oldest European residents in French Oceania, returned to Papeete in October after a lengthy sojourn in California, where he had been receiving medical treatment.

Mr. L. J, O’Malley, Patrol Officer in the Papuan Administration, who has been in Australia since August, returned to Port Moresby by the Macdhui on November 12 from Sydney.

Two well known residents of Levuka, Fiji, “snapped” on the steps of the Ovalau Club—Mr.

Cyril King and Ratu Charlie, one of the most popular Chiefs in Fiji. 13 Pacific islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

About Islands People

1936 1937 £ £ Revenue 741,016 727,649 Expenditure . . . 668,968 679,631 Surplus 72,048 48,018 Expenditure from Surplus Funds . . 22,340 138,355 Net Surplus . . . 49,708 Excess of Expenditure 90,337* * Excess of expenditure over revenue is to be met from the Accumulated Surplus.

This was made up as follows: Fijians 97,651 Indians 85,002 Other nationalities 7,124 Persons of mixed European and Native descent .... 4,574 Europeans 4,028 Males Females Fijians 49,869 47,782 Indians 48,246 36,756 Persons of mixed European and Native descent 2,325 2,249 Europeans 2,263 1,765

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Telephone, J 1 106. mm wnriTif 111 l UUiM i I iil £ i jC m H.M.A.S. Moresby was in Port Moresbj In mid-October and sailed for Samara; whence she will be engaged in survey work between Shortland Reef and Dawson Island.

Fortunate Fiji Shows Another Surplus

Record Sugar Crop; Gold Production Doubled THE finances of the Colony of Fiji continue to show the fruit of the careful planning and budget balancing of the last decade. Opening the Legislative Council at Suva on October 23, the Acting-Governor (Hon. Juxon Barton) announced that the surplus for 1936 was £49,708, that the accrued surplus was £403,124, and that the estimated surplus for 1937 was £48,018.

The figures for 1936 and 1937 are: The rise in ordinary expenditure for 1937 is due mainly to increases in the Medical Department, Education, and Recurrent Public Works. A comprehensive building programme, under the heading of Public Works Extraordinary, will be financed from the Accumulated Surplus. Included in this proposed expenditure are grants for the following: Light for Turtle Rock (Nadi Bay), £2,000; Vessel for Lau, £3,000; Mau Quarry, £14,000; Improvements to Colonial War Memorial Hospital, £20,000; Tavua Township, £5,500; and New Pharmacy, £7,300.

A census held in April last showed that the population of Fiji was then 198,379.

In 1881 the Fijians numbered 114,748, but steadily decreased until 1905, when they numbered 86,800. A gradual increase took place until 1917, but fell again after the influenza epidemic to its lowest point in 1919-1920, being 82,000. Since then there has been a steady improvement.

In 1921, the Indian population totalled 60,634, and at the 1936 census 85,002. The number of Indians born in the Colony is now 60,856, or 71.59 per cent, of the total.

The Chinese number 1,751, compared with 910 in 1921, and the Rotumans 2,816, compared with 2,235 in 1921.

In the 1921 census persons of mixed European and Native descent were 2,781, and at the last census 4,574, an increase of 1,793, which brings the total of this section of the community ahead of that of the European section.

In 1881, the European section of the community numbered 2,671; in 1921, it was 3878; and this year, 4,028, an increase of 150 in the 15 year period.

The main sex distribution figures are: 14 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Eight months of Excess over 1936 1935 £ £ Imports . . . 981,536 189,588 Exports (produce) . 998,075 59,055 Re-Exports 61,117 2,907 Yachtsmen, Navigators, and 8.0. T. Students We carry the largest stock of NAUTICAL -and AVIATION BOOKS in Australia. Also complete stocks of ADMIRALTY CHARTS and SAILING DIREC- TIONS for the Australian Coast and Pacific Islands.

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The estimated sugar production for 1936 is 144,000 tons, and it is thought that the “carry-over” to 1937 will be around 25.000 tons. If the 1936 figure is realised, it will be 3,627 tons in excess of 1935, and will constitute a record. Prospects for 1937 are somewhat affected by drought.

The banana industry has maintained its position, exports to New Zealand to date having exceeded the quota by 45,000 cases.

The trade with Canada has continued satisfactorily, but exports are limited because only monthly shipments are possible.

Good coconut crops are recorded, and the estimated exports for the year include 30.000 tons of copra. Fijians have shown an interest in the small, cheaply-constructed hot-air drier designed by the Agricultural Department.

Operating companies on the Tavua and Yanawai goldfields report steady progress.

Gold production to September 30 amounted to approximately 13,000 ounces, compared with 6,728 ounces in 1935.

Customs Returns

For the eight months ended August 31, the Colony’s trade amounted to £2,040,728. which was £251,550 in excess of the corresponding period for 1935. Trade figures are as follows: This increase is due, in the main, to better ruling prices for sugar and copra, and a consequent increased spending power.

There was a general rise in all imports, except drapery, which dropped £19,974 in value.

PUBLIC WORKS.

During the year needed public works were carried out, and steady progress is reported in connection with the programme of extensive works in the Colony drawn up in 1935.

The last two piers of the sub-structure of the Rewa Bridge are now being built and it should be open to traffic in February next. The work of preparing the plans, etc., for the new Government buildings is well in hand. The site acquired, adjacent to Albert Park, has been reclaimed and levelled.

New buildings completed include a Bacteriological Laboratory, a Customs shed at Levuka (with a capacity of 1,500 tons), and a Post Office at Nausori. A six-inch water main was installed for the Namoli area, Lautoka. This has remedied a very unsatisfactory state of affairs.

New Book By Hides

J\| R- JACK HIDES, formerly A.R.M. in the Papuan Public Service, completed another book in November, to the order of Messrs. Angus and Robertson Ltd., for simultaneous publication in Sydney and London.

The book deals mostly with Mr. Hides’s experiences as the leader of various police patrols in Papua. This is his third book; the two others, Through Wildest Papua and Papuan Wonderland, are both selling well.

Sir Hubert Murray (Lieutenant-Governor of Papua) accompanied by the Official Secretary (Hon. Leonard Murray) returned to Port Moresby on October 27 by the Laurabada, after making an inspection of all Government stations in the East and North-eastern divisions, including Misima Island. His Excellency was away from the capital for two weeks.

New Ship For Phosphate

TRADE PLANS are at present being - completed for the construction of a new vessel for the British Phosphate Commissioners Ltd., the keel of which will be laid down shortly in British yards.

The vessel, which will replace the Triona on the Ocean Island-Australia run, will be either a cargo-carrying steamer or a motor vessel.

Mr. J. W. Hinks, Pacific Islands mining engineer, sailed for Pt. Moresby from Sydney by the November Macdhui.

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Lady Murray, wife of the Lieutenant- Governor of Papua, reached Sydney from Pt. Moresby by the November Macdhui.

Maritime Shells

Found on High Central Plateau, New Guinea

Father Alphonse Schaefer, Of

_ Korugu, New Guinea (which is situated in the Wahgi Valley, behind the Bismarck ranges in Central New Guinea) when levelling a landing ground for the aeroplane of the Mission, found at a depth of 9-10 feet, large quantities of petrified snail and other shells, imbedded throughout the grey-bluish clay at an altitude of 4500 feet.

According to some of his boys from the coast, these are specimens of such snails and shells as are found only in the sea.

Among these were quantities of trochus and nautilus shell.

The petrified specimens are being examined at present by experts and, if they prove to be of maritime origin, it would follow that this part of the high plateau behind the Bismarck Mountains, and perhaps the whole of that large high plateau around Mount Hagen, at one time was under the sea.

RADIOPHONES Link Up Outposts in Papua From Our Own Correspondent.

PORT MORESBY, Nov. 1. jyjß. C. E. SEARLE, of Amalgamated Wireless, has just returned from the interior of the Central Division, Papua, where he has installed a radio telephone at the recently established Goilala Police Camp, three days’ journey from the old Camp at Monda, not far from the border, where unruly natives still indulge in intertribal warfare.

Mr. Searle journeyed on foot from Kanosia and Aroa, whence he made for the mainland opposite Yule Island. Thence he travelled inland for 100 miles over broken country, where ranges tower one above another and torrents wind tortuously in and out of precipitous ravines, until he reached the remote station of the Sacred Heart Mission and eventually the Po’ice Camp. Two officers of the magisterial force maintain law and order there.

Radio receiving sets and radio telephones have now be&n installed in all the remote districts of the Territory by Amalgamated Wireless, and daily communication is maintained. This service has done much for the lonely settler. When one can keep touch with world events and daily happenings in the country, isolation has much to commend it.

Samoan Local-born to go on the Land From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, October 27.

THE two elected Legislative Councillors (Hon. A. G. Smyth and Hon. I. H.

Carruthers) have been advised by the New Zealand Government that approval has been given to the Land Settlement Scheme for local-born young men.

An initial sum of £5OO has been voted for the scheme. Tenders have been written out for selection of land sections near Aleisa and the project is to be proceeded with immediately.

The Ngatangiia Choir, conducted by Mr.

J. W. W. Graham, recently won the Bledisloe Trophy for Native Choirs in the Cook Islands. Second prize was awarded to the Catholic Mission Choir, and third t® the London Missionary Society Choir.

Store For Sale

ESTABLISH ED General Store and Bakery Business is for sale as going concern in prosperous town in Polynesian territory. Freehold; buildings in good repair; about £l5OO worth of stock carried.

This business was started 40 years ago by father of present owner. Latter, for family reasons, wishes to retire and live in New Zealand. The business, which already has old, profitable connections, is capable of considerable development.

For further details, write to Editor, Pacific Islands Monthly, P.O. Box 3408 R, Sydney. 16 Monthly, November 24, 1936 Pacific Island

ous years thus: — Revenue Expenditure £ £ 1923 . 259,286 250,431 1928 . 364,580 331,296 1932 . 306,072 282,404 1933 . 321,917 321,567 1935 . 388,177 367,513 1936 . 419,919 425,793 £542,052).

Comparisons: — Imports Exports £ £ 1924 485,634 718,535 1928 811,832 1,471,026 1932 779,397 1,108,619 1933 912,365 1,581,2J2 1934 924,316 1,766,198 1935 948,404 2.340,624 1936 1,290,788 2,573,251

Gold And Copra Exported-Value

Copra Gold £ £ 1928 1,176,040 .. 256,216 1929 933,769 .. 179,433 1930 864,358 .. 96,338 1931 716,543 132,239 1932 618,298 .. 398,939 1933 543,906 .. 933,940 1934 283,329 .. 1,367,616 1935 361,413 .. 1,897,244 1936 761,309 .. 1,704,498 at different periods:— European Asiatic 1895 203 .. — 1910 687 .. 555 1917 818 1922 1489 .. 1424 1928 2400 .. — 1932 2905 .. 1457 1934 4129 .. 1424 1936 5881 .. 1523 Character Pottery Some quaint shapes intended for use, but possessing much interesting ornamental value. The Dickens series by Royal Doulton so cleverly depict the immortal characters created by their author.

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GUINEA Remarkable Increase in Trade Turnover gTATISTICS made available during the month show that the Territory of New Guinea, under the stimulus of gold and copra prices, plus a growing export of coffee and cocoa, is threatening to displace Fiji from the proud position of being (on official trade statistics) the most prosperous colony in the Empire.

The revenue of the New Guinea Administration for the year ended June 30, 1936, was £419,919, and the expenditure £425,793. This compares with previ- The accumulated surplus is now about £40,954.

Exports were worth £2,573,251, 8f which Australia took £1,950,240; and the imports were £1,290,788 (from Australia The extraordinary growth in the trade turnover is due, of course, to the development of the gold industry, and (more recently) to the recovery in the copra industry. The following figures tell a really remarkable story. Just when copra sank to a ruinous level, in 1933-34, gold production increased enormously and saved the Territory.

Population is now: European, 5881; Asiatic, 1523; natives (counted), about 500,000. Natives in the uncontrolled areas may number (in addition to the 500,000 counted in the controlled areas) anything up to 400,000. Non-indigenous population Expenditure, during the year, increased in all government departments, except district services and native welfare.

Indentured labourers in the Territory, on June 30, numbered 36,927, and planted areas of estates totalled 95,748 hectares. There are 370 public servants and 627 missionaries; of this number 374 missionaries are Germans.

Mr. W. J. Crowther, Treasurer and Collector of Customs in Western Samoa, completed his term of office in the Mandated Territory in October. With his wife and two sons, he returned to New Zealand by the Maui Pomare on October 15. Mr. R.

A. Malone is the new Treasurer of Samoa.

Mr. Templeton Crocker, who with a party of friends has been engaged for some time in scientific research work in the South Seas on board his yacht Zaca, arrived at Apia, Western Samoa, on October 12. After a few days in the capital, the party left for Savaii. The Zaca previously visited Samoa about six years ago. 17 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

With the completion of the magnificent and enchanting Martin Place Extension. “The Australia” assumes pride of place as the largest and finest Hotel South of the Line.

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Cakobau, Rex!

Remarkable Story of a Strong King and How Fiji Became British

By Erle Wilson

THE name of Cakobau is familiar to all who have lived in Na Viti Levu, Fiji.

The history of the remarkable man who bore that name, or rather title, is not so well known.

The nineteenth century was but two or three years old when, at Nairai, Adi Savusavu, wife of Ratu Tanoa, a chief of Bau, gave birth to a son. At the birth.

Adi Savusavu was very ill and emaciated, and the chiefs and ladies of Bau proposed that in order to save her life, the child should be killed. Thus, early, danger, which was never to be far from his path, threatened the embryo monarch. But Destiny decreed that, in spite of numerous attempts on his life and the hazards of innumerable wars, he was to die full of years and honour, more than four score years later.

According to the native legend, in which one can, perhaps, trace the influence of missionary teachings, Ratu Tanoa received warning from a god on Gau that the child of Adi Savusavu should not be killed; that he would become a great chief and populate Bau. It may have been that the infant was particularly lusty or the fact that Tanoa had eight other wives but, whatever the reason, he refused to kill the child.

When the mother died, four months later, it was named Ratu Seru and given into the care of his mother’s sister, Radi Dreketi, who took him to live in Rewa.

When Ratu Seru had reached early youth, a quarrel arose in Rewa and his aunt fled with him to Bau, where he remained. He was a young man when Ratu Radomodomo, Vunivalu of Bau, died and Ratu Tanoa became Vunivalu. Provisions for the customary hundred-day feast being short, Ratu Seru was sent with a war party against Naigani, and the taking of that town being his first war party, brought him the title of “Tabakaucoro.”

From that time on, Ratu Seru took full part as a gentleman of the clan in the almost incessant forays. The warriors of Bau fared far afield. At an attack on Naweni in Na Vanua Levu, he was speared in the groin and came near dying. Soon afterwards, he married Adi Samanunu, daughter of the Roko Tui Bau, thus increasing his prestige in the tribal councils.

He was a valiant fighter, both on sea and on land, and spent much of his time in the great war-canoes on Laucala Bay.

TDATU TANOA, as Vunivalu, became rich 11 and powerful, and his brothers, Ratu Navuaka and Ratu Caucau, became envious and conspired with other Bau chiefs to kill him Tanoa was at Koro when he heard that his enemies were coming in a large warcanoe, crowded with their own men. Taken at a disadvantage, with only a few followers, Tanoa fled under cover of darkness to Somosomo, on Cakaudrove, where he remained in a state of exile while his brothers of Bau took and shared his wives and property.

Ratu Tubuanakoro—Tanoa’s second son and Ratu Seru were sent for by their father’s enemies. Tubuanakoro obeyed the summons and was promptly clubbed; Seru ignored it completely and continued living as if nothing had happened, sailing in the bay and playing games with the other young men, not even troubling to set a guard over his house at night.

Curiously enough, this pose—for pose it was—completely deceived his enemies, and Cakobau, Tui Viti. 19 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Seru was left unmolested, to plan for his father’s re-instatement. It was a long process. Secretly he presented whales’ teeth, food and property to prospective allies, and particularly to people of Lasakau, close neighbours of Bau.

The Bauan chiefs were buying guns, preparing for an attack on Rewa, where Ratu Tanoa had gone to live, when Seru, having gained the firm allegiance of the Lasakau people, directed the building of a war-fence between their town and that of Bau.

So well and secretly had Seru planned that the enemies of Ratu Tanoa were completely surprised w T hen, with only three Bauan elders in his train, he led the Lasakau in a sudden attack on Bau. There was no effective resistance. The Bauans fled; the town was soon in flames, and the sea between the island and the mainland was crowded with the heads of the chiefs and ladies in full flight (if swimming can be so described!) to Tailevu.

Elated by their victory, the Lasakau would have massacred the swimming Bauans. But Ratu Seru, showing unusual forbearance, held them back and allowed his erstwhile clansmen to escape.

SERU’S victory ended Ratu Tanoa’s exile.

The old Vunivalu returned to Bau, which was now crowded with his allies of Rewa and Cakaudrove.

A great feast was held in Ratu Seru’s honour and he was given the honorific title of Cakobau (Bau is destroyed).

While, nominally, old Ratu Tanoa was again Vunivalu, Ratu Cakobau was the real power in the land, and it soon became evident from his lenient treatment of his enemies that this new chief had an unusually broad outlook and remarkable forbearance. Those of his old enemies who were willing to submit to his rule, were allowed to return and rebuild their vales and re-possess their property in peace.

When, eventually, old Ratu Tanoa died, Cakobau was firmly established as Chief- Paramount of Bau. Vigorous, clear sighted, indefatigable, he led his evergrowing forces in one victorious campaign after another. Admiral and General by turns, he routed his foes on sea and land, until the Bauan war-cry had become known and feared throughout the group.

By now, his one ambition was to reign alone in Fiji.

All his great energy and indomitable will were directed to that end. So that when, in 1853, King Maafu, of Tonga, called at Viwa in the mission ship John Williams, Ratu Cakobau sought an alliance with him in the subduing of the tribes still outside his rule.

Maafu, a convert to Christianity and zealous in the new faith, declared that he could not be the ally of a heathen; but that, if Ratu Cakobau would profess Christianity, he would be prepared to help his warriors.

Cakobau was a practical man. Only a small number of his countrymen so far had listened to the missionaries. The profession of Christianity evidently did not prevent one from fighting—in fact, his rule might be spread even more quickly and effectively in the form of a crusade!

Very well, then, one must move with the times; he would become a Christian and so should his subjects!

Murmurs arose. The Betes (Priests) of the old gods were powerful, but — Sa! — Cakobau knew how to deal with them!

The Royai Village of Bau, 20 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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The edict went forth: “Recant or be flogged.” They recanted.

Ratu Cakobau discarded three of his wives, retaining only Adi Samanunu. After baptism under the names of Ratu Epenisa and Adi Litia, they were remarried according to Christian rites.

Then this Ratu Seru —Epenisa—Cakobau called on Maafu to keep his promise: and Maafu, who already had a footing in the eastern islands of the group, and who was fully as ambitious as Cakobau, came with a great fleet of double canoes and joined in the decimation and sacking of Viwa.

FROM that time on, Bauan and Tongan forces campaigned together, but gradually it was seen that most of the actual fighting was being done by the Tongans.

The consequent decline in Cakobau’s prestige fanned the fires of Maafu’s ambition, until he decided to challenge his ally’s supremacy. He was dissuaded from this intention by the arrival in the group of a British consul, who warned him that in attacking Cakobau’s land he would be attacking territory which was virtually British. Maafu retired with his warriors from Fiji.

Meanwhile, Cakobau, now called “Tui Viti” (loosely: King of Fiji), was finding the ruling of his enlarged domain no easy matter. White traders had begun to settle among the Christianised coast tribes and as complaints and bickerings, consequent on their trading methods grew, he found his time and resources heavily taxed.

A number of Americans were persistent in their claims for compensation for alleged theft and vandalism on the part of the natives. At length, the burning down of the American consul’s house on Nukulau— during July 4 celebrations—was followed by a heavy claim on Cakobau and the appearance of an American warship at Levuka.

Cakobau, as Tui Viti, was “invited” to a conference on board to reach some understanding about the mounting claims. He was in a quandary. He had little money and he knew that the Americans were eager to gain possession of certain islands in central Fiji. But he had always opposed the selling of land to white men.

Besides, their claims were trumped up, unjust and extortionate! Sobo! What to do?

The Americans were clever, but Cakobau. also, was no fool. The playing of one state against another was not new to him.

He boarded the American warship accompanied by a white advisor: the British consul !

In that way he effectually prevented the arbitrary seizure of his lands. But the alternative was almost as disastrous: he found himself faced with a claim for £9OOO damages. It might just as well have been £90,000 he could not pay.

In his extremity, he proposed to the British consul that he should cede the sovereignty of the Group to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, on condition that Britain should settle the American claim and that he should retain the rank and title of Tui Viti.

Colonel Smythe, R.E., after investigation, reported unfavourably on the proposal, and the conditional offer was refused.

TN 1871, Tui Cakobau, with the help of * certain white residents, formed a Government, drew up a Constitution for the

Opening Of Bulwa Swimming Baths

The new fresh water swimming pool built by Bulolo Gold Dredging Limited for their employees at Bulwa, New Guinea, was officially opened in September The photographs show:—Top: Mr.

L. J. Joubert, manager of B.G.D.

Co., just after he had cut the tape, in heavy rain.

Below: Spectators watching the races held in the afternoon of the opening. The main events, 50 yards open free-style and open diving, were won by Roy Somerby, ex-Bondi lifesaver. Bulolo Camp No. 5 carried off the teams' relay.

Lined with concrete sides, the baths are 40ft. wide and 85ft. in length. The depth varies from 4ft. to 9ft.

Photos: W. S. Doe 21 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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143 KING STREET, SYDNEY Kingdom of Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti ), and signed the following oath: “I swear positively, in the presence of our God, that I will wholly hold to, and will not be false towards, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Fiji; and I will govern the land and the people according as written herein.

Written on the 30 th of September, 1871. CAKOBAU, R From the start, the Native Government met with difficulties. It was cumbersome and expensive and, in the opinions of the native chiefs, gave the white population and their representatives too much power.

The affairs of the kingdom went from bad to worse.

Tui Cakobau had lived a life of remarkable activity and had survived many attempted assassinations and innumerable native campaigns. He had proven himself a great warrior and something of a statesman.

Now, advanced in years, he found himself unable to cope with the unforeseen complexities of his position. He had learned many things since his first intrigue and campaign to restore his exiled father.

Mixed with his personal ambition, there had always been evident a wish for the good of his people as a whole.

TPHE crowning act of his career, before -*• he retired as a pensioner of the British Government, was that of a patriot and a far-sighted man. Left to themselves, he saw the Fijians must inevitably become the victims of exploiting whites. There was one remedy but—it entailed the unconditional surrender of his rank and power! He did not shrink.

On October 10, 1874, Sir Hercules Robinson. representing Her Majesty Queen Victoria, was handed the following letter: “To Her Majesty the Queen of Britain: “We, the king of Fiji, together with the high chiefs of Fiji, cede Fiji without reservation to the great and gracious lady, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland; and we have complete trust that she will rule Fiji righteously in love, that well-being may result thereby.

“And we request the Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, messenger of the Queen, that he will hear our helpers in certain matters which they will tell to him, as we have confidence in them, and seek that this discussion may end well.

Signed: CAKOBAU, R.”

Plantation For Sale

AWNER of small island in Wes- ” tern Pacific group (which he has on long lease at peppercorn rental) will sell for £3300, walk in, walk out. Property includes large bungalow, sheds, labour, houses, aux. schooner, and last year produced 60 tons of Copra, with 5 plantation labourers.

Details have been left with editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly (Union House) with instructions to make them available only to genuine enquirers.

Candle-Nuts Bought

By Tung Oil Mills TT is reported that a new concern called 1 Empire Tung Oil Products Limited, of 66 King-street, Sydney, has made arrangements to purchase from Fiji about 500 tons per annum of candle-nuts, to be crushed in its mills in Sydney.

If it is so, it is an interesting development. The planting of Tung oil trees proved a failure in the Pacific Islands and other countries where the climate is oceanic; but planting has proceeded with apparent success, though in a haphazard manner, in the eastern districts of Australia, where the climate is continental. It will be remembered that experiments were made with the Fordii variety of Tung oil (which is the heavy fruiting variety) in the Islands, but these experiments failed. It is believed that the Montana variety, which is a small, light-fruiting tree, would grow successfully in the Pacific Islands, but it, of course, is not so profitable.

There is a world-wide and increasing demand for Tung oil, for use in high-class varnish, and it is believed tht very soon there will be enough nuts grown in Eastern Australia to keep the Sydney mills going and meet the Australian demand.

The candle-nut, well-known in most of the Pacific Islands, really is a variety of the Tung tree, but it is said that the oil it contains is not as good as the Fordii variety of Tung. If, however, a use can be found for it and it can be profitaly marketed, the news will be of interest to many Islands traders.

Mr. Percy Oakden Cakobau Cuthbert, the first European born in Suva, Fiji, died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital on October 12, after a long illness. He was 65 years of age. Educated in Suva, he was for some years in the office of the Union S.S. Company’s agent in Fiji, before taking up a sea-faring career. During recent years he was on the Suva staff of Burns Philp (S.S.) Co. Ltd. 22 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Journalistic Ethics, Judge Wanliss, and Mr. Mullaly Letter to the Editor WITH reference to the article appear- ** ing in your issue of September, headed “Judge Wanliss and Justice in New Guinea” and with particular reference to your Editorial note thereto, may I hope that you will permit me space in your journal to enquire on behalf of numerous New Guineaites, of many residential years’ qualification, knowledge of the country’s personnel, requirements, attributes and vicissitudes, on what authority do you, who claim to be an impartial chronicler of Pacific Islands affairs and requirements, justify your Editorial vilification of a gentleman whose 15 years’ honourable work as, amongst other Mandated 1 ha/ stairpped him be! yond dues,ion an outstanding asset and personality in Australia s occupation and administration of the Territory-a gentleman of whose record both Australia and this Territory must be justly proud and upon whose occupancy of his high office both countries have cause to congratulate themselves most heartily.

New Guinea could well have utilised the services of on© hundred men of similar calibre in the conduct of its public affairs during the past 20 years, and be reaping the benefit to-day.

So far as I am aware, your practical knowledge of current New Guinea affairs —including that of justice—which one gathers from your latest and previous effusions of the subject is so unevenly dispensed by the Chief Judge from the Suprem© Court Bench—has been gained on two or three fleeting - trips to Rabaul and “round trips” to outports and the Goldfields, per mail boats—l 2 to 14 days each in all—during which you have bounded about, like many of your kind, with an air of importance appreciated by no one but yourself, and bounced out again, leaving behind little if anything other than a sense of amusement amongst those not unduly impressed with anything about you other than an air of pomposity, taking with you little, if any, knowledge of the administration of Justice or, for that matter, anything else vital to the conduct of the Territory’s affairs. a IE /Libre anTfdeaJs “SfdentS ( this Territory—lrrespective of their sectional or denominational viewpoints— would have realised at least that mly bl sa^le wi th some of the sentences of His Honour Ju(J Wanliss> there are few it anv. amongst his ''critics” who will agree with your subtle insinuation that his administration of justice is or has been at any time “a menace to peace and good government,” or that he has been other than “a friend of decency and justice in public life,” any more than they would expect His Honour to tolerate any person, let alone a highly placed and responsible Law official, doing in his opinion “public wrong” from a “desire to protect a misguided man against injustice masquerading as justice!”

Permit me to further observe, Mr.

Editor, that I doubt whether such journalistic clap-trap and partisanship as is employed in your editorial note will add 23 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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No Dieting—No Headaches —No Stabbing Pains to either the popularity of your journal or to your personal prestige amongst the community of this Territory, no matter what may be the individual opinions of its members regarding the specific matter of your attack upon the chief of its judiciary.

In view of your well-known and oftexpressed antipathy towards the highly respectable Chief Judge of the Supreme Court of this Territory (his qualifications and achievements in the sole interests of New Guinea during the 15 years’ association with the judiciary of the Territory are too well-known and appreciated by those who count, to need recognition here) one would imagine that —to quote your editorial words —“as seems apparent there is to be an official enquiry into the matter” of His Honour’s remarks relative to the Crown Law Officer in the Zimmer case, decency would demand of the Editor of any journal, other than those generally associated with “the yellow press,” that he would refrain —at least until the promulgation of the findings of such enquiry—from partisan and condemnatory remarks towards an honoured and respected gentleman, debarred by the ethics of his high office, if by no other motive, from any reply to vituperative attack.

In the interests of the justice you so earnestly and effusively lay claim to champion, I venture the submission that you might well have left your vitriolic editorial outburst until a higher and better qualified tribunal than yourself (self appointed) has decided the merits of the case, which incidentally are not the subject matter of this letter.

In conclusion, I suggest that should James Larkin be released within the next few months, the circumstances of such action will be as well-known to you as they are to many others, as being in no way whatsoever associated with the developments. in the Cranssen case, as inferred by you in the penultimate paragraph of your editorial, or to the fact that the appeal Judges of the High Court saw fit to disagree with the sentence passed on Cranssen by Judge Wanliss.

What about making an effort to cut out prejudice and strive for a little fairmindedness, Mr. Editor?

I am etc., J. C. MULLALY Non-official M.L.C.

Rabaul, 19/10/36.

Editorial Note ■jl/TR. Mullaly evidently intended that this letter of his should be published—he sent it by registered post!—so published it is—as an interesting example of how long residence in the tropics may destroy a man’s good judgment and natural courtesy.

One or two remarks may be added.

I do not write to please the Mr.

Mullalys of the Pacific; and I do not trim my editorial sails —as this kind gentleman infers —to gain “personal prestige” or add to “the popularity of the journal.” My articles are based on a sense of personal conviction of what is right, and I do not care twopence whether Mr. Mullaly likes them or not. I admit that I am not always right—but I do my best.

Mr. Mullaly accuses me of “well-known and oft-expressed antipathy towards the highly respectable Chief Judge.” If it were anyone else but Mr. Mullaly I should say that that was an utterance unworthy of a man in Mr. Mullaly’s position.

But Mr. Mullaly is—Mr. Mullaly, and therefore entitled to a little license. Why should I have any “antipathy” towards the Chief Judge? We have had occasion here to question the justice of various sentences he has imposed; and, finally, when the High Court and other Federal authorities cancelled those sentences, I challenged the wisdom of allowing him to continue in charge of that jury-less court in New Guinea. Beyond that, I know nothing about Judge Wanliss, beyond the fact that, as Mr. Mullaly himself says, he has a long record of honourable service in New Guinea.

Mr. Mullaly’s letter shows how an angry man will defeat his own purpose.

He wants to sting me; but he has merely descended to personal abuse, and consequently achieves little —except that some of my friends will read his diatribe with keen delight.

I will admit, however, that he gets me on that matter of “pomposity.” That is new. I have been conscious of many shortcomings, from temperamental illogicality to indigestion, but never before of pomposity. It needed a Mullaly to discern that evil trait!

R. W. ROBSON.

Directors of Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine Limited, Papua, have declared a third interim dividend of sixpence per share payable on November 27. The Company s transfer books will be closed between November 24 and 27. 24 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Louisiade Gold

Failure of Sudest Search THE enterprise of Louisiade Gold N.L., formed to work mining leases on the island of Sudest, Eastern Papua, has proved a complete “washout,”

The company was formed in 1935, and was backed by Messrs. Wilkinson and Anderson, a conservative firm of Sydney sharebrokers, and by some of their friends. A sum of £4,870 was subscribed, and a party was sent to Sudest. High hopes were held by some members of the company because Sudest in the 80’s was a very rich alluvial goldfield.

The company’s expedition achieved nothing of importance, and reports reached Sydney that the company was not being well served in certain directions.

Accordingly, in August last, Mr. M. E.

Bedford, mining engineer, was sent to Sudest to report.

His report, dated October 10, made as a result of extensive investigation, was clear-cut and uncompromising. He said that there are three classes of country in Sudest—the flat tops of grassy ridges where gold has settled down into the clay surface as the lighter material has been washed away; the wash at the top of the steep, narrow gullies, draining the ridges to the streams; and loose w r ash in the bed of the streams.

Mr. Bedford said definitely that the pick of the rich deposits had been found by the original European miners in Sudest in the 80’s; by Mrs. Elizabeth Mahony and other European interests, who ‘ later worked the poorer areas and reworked many of the old places; and by the natives of Sudest, who have prospected and recovered gold continuously during the last 50 years.

He concluded: “There is no doubt that the field has been very rich and has produced a great quantity of gold in the past. At the present time, there are extensive areas of low-grade ground, both on the ridges and on the slopes of the creeks, but gold contents are too low to be payable.

“To search for rich patches would not be suitable for a company, although a prospector would probably .make a living.

“The original party appears to have over-estimated the average value of the ground, being probably misled by the occasional patches of payable material.

There is no prospect of the field being worked at a profit.”

The statement of accounts shows that a few hundred pounds remain of the original £4,870, and there is machinery for sale worth over £lOO.

When the shareholders met in Sydney on November 9 the directors recommended that the Company go into voluntary liquidation, Shareholders rejected this advice, however, insisting that there had been incompetency, if not rascality, on the part of certain of the Company’s servants, and that they would prefer a further investigation before a resolution to wind up was carried. The directors thereupon resigned and a new beard was appointed to take certain action.

Mr. Harry E. Mowbray, who is engaged in a merchandise business in Suva, arrived in Melbourne with his wife in October to spend a short holiday.

Record Copra Crop In

TOKELAUS From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Oct. 20.

MR. E. E. DUNWOODIE, Postmaster of Apia, has just returned from a round trip of the Tokelau Islands, a few hundred miles north of Samoa, which are administered from Apia.

He reports that the islanders have fortunately been spared from the various epidemics, which have ravaged Samoa during the past six months. A new wireless station has been installed in the group. * Mr. Dunwoodie reports that the Tokelau people are cutting a record crop of copra.

Judge H. P. Wood, Chief Justice in American Samoa, arrived at Auckland by the Mariposa on a brief visit to New Zealand in October. 25 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Mr. Harold Gatty, representative in Australia for Pan-America Airways, returned to Sydney by the Monterey on November 2 after attending a conference in New Zealand on trans-Paciflc air services. He said that P.-A. Airways are definitely going ahead with their earlier plans to connect the United States and New Zealand, via Hawaii and Samoa, by flying-boat.

Heavy Rains In The

MARSHALLS From a Special Correspondent.

JALUIT, Aug. 18.

THE rainfall in the Marshall Islands has been heavy in recent months —but no floods can occur in these coralline islands, save from a typhoon or a tidal wave.

Although the excessive rainfall has not caused floods, those who depend for a livelihood on copra production have been seriously embarrassed because of the difficulty of drying the copra. Those who heeded official advice in past years, and constructed houses for drying copra by artificial heat, are now reaping the benefit of their foresight.

“Once Aboard The

LUGGER—”

Romance of Penrhyn Pearl- King By JULIAN HILLAS.

TF you should happen to visit the island A of Penrhyn, you will certainly meet there Philip Woonton; for to all intents and purposes “Philipa” is Penrhyn, and vice versa.

There are roughly two hundred pounds of him, and his voice, when all the stops are out, goes right into the amplifier class.

In these times of effete Island residents ne is something of an anachronism, being the possessor of those boisterous and genial qualities more commonly associated with the “good old bad days” of the 70’s or 80’s, when rum was really rhum, and not all women were wives.

Woonton was a young man when he first came to Penrhyn as mate of the trading schooner Vaite, about the beginning of the century. Leaving the sea to settle ashore, he speedily established himself as a dominant figure in the pearling industry; and if you buy good pearls in Penrhyn to-day they will probably be from him, because he now acquires pretty well all that are worth acquiring.

I remember an occasion when our schooner had just berthed, and the late Tom Wilson, one of the most charmingly casual characters Penrhyn ever sheltered, told Woonton that he had left a registered package on the latter’s verandah.

“Philipa” bounded ' out of the saloon and over the gang-plank before any of us could set down our glasses. The “package,” he explained later, contained only between £7OOO and £BOOO worth of pearls returned unsold from his London agents!

Now the history of pearls hhs always been associated with great romances and the pearl-trader into whose life romance had not sprung would be no sort of a figure to write about. Romance not merely sprang into young Woonton’s life; it positively hurled itself in—romance of the epic-making variety which long ago “launched a thousand ships and burnt the topless towers of Ilion.” For a day came when “Philipa” had to leave Penrhyn on pressing business—and he did not want to leave alone.

“Farewell, Romance,” the traders cried, “Our keels have lain with every sea.

The dull returning wind and tide Heave up the wharf where we would be; The known and noted breezes swell Our trudging sails. Romance, farewell!”

That was about how things were. Only, on the subject of farewell, “Philipa” had his own ideas. He had fallen hopelessly and desperately in love with Maara, whose parents—as often happens in Penrhyn— could come to no unanimous decision regarding their daughter’s future.

But delay was irksome to the lovers, and, meanwhile, the schooner was due to leave. Would Maara elope? Maara would —and, with the captain’s connivance, she was stowed away in a sail locker.

But, unfortunately, the islanders had suspicious minds, and the whole community, tramping down to the little wharf, refused to let the vessel go until they had searched her from stern to fo’c’sle.

Tearfully, Maara was led ashore by local deacons of the Church —but not before “Philipa” had whispered certain instructions in her shell-like ear.

The Vaite warped clear; and Maara, 26 Monthly, November 24, 1936 Pacific Island

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BUILDERS ERSKINEVILLE, N.S.W., AUSTRALIA. left to her own devices, scuttled away through the “bush” to a spot on the outer beach opposite one of the many narrow fissures in the reef which at this point fringes the shore. Half an hour later the schooner was abreast of where she lay, and without waiting for the pre-arranged signal, she immediately plunged into the water.

On board, “Philipa” watched the white line of the surf as it went booming thunderously along the reef, stabbing the air with spray-geysers which hung like plumes waved against a vivid green background of palm fronds. He needed no telling that in such a sea neither Maara nor any other girl could ever make the pdssage.

Davit blocks squealed, the Yaite’s only boat was lowered, and pulled away with Woonton and two natives at the oars. As they approached, it became increasingly evident that Maara would never be able either to fight her way through or struggle back to the beach. The breakers rolled her over and over and her long hair, secured by a single comb, slipped down, and, floating loose, impeded her every movement.

Stripping to his singlet, “Philipa” swam in with the intention of bringing Maara out to the boat. But, once in the sinister grip of those seas, he quickly realised the impossibility of such a task. His only chance lay in getting her over the reef and back on shore.

By this time, the schooner’s unusual behaviour had been noticed, and the entire settlement were gathering on the sands where, with a peculiar mixture of hysteria and fatalism, they wrung their hands and wailed in shrill chorus as each wave lifted the unfortunate girl.

Supporting Maara with one arm, “Philipa” found it was all he could do to keep afloat. Twice he tried to reach the reef, but each time the backwash swept him out again before he could obtain a footing.

With something akin to panic, he recognised that his own strength was failing. Unless he succeeded now, it would not be sufficient to make a fourth attempt.

Very grimly, with death lurking in the swirling waters about him, Woonton drove forward, and again, just as his feet touched coral, the backwash started to sweep him out. Reaching out desperately, his fingers encountered a small projection, and to this he clung with the tenacity of despair. The strain of their double weight was terrific, but the knob-like thing held until the next incoming wave carried them up on to the reef, from whence he was able to wade across to the beach.

Pushing through the excited crowd, he laid the now unconscious Maara on the sand, and standing over her, applied artificial respiration. Whilst thus engaged, an infuriated relative, believing the girl dead, flung himself—knife in hand —at Woonton’s back, and was only prevented from accomplishing his purpose by the timely intervention of an old woman, who seized his arm as he was about to strike.

On Maara’s recovering consciousness, everyone became deliriously happy; and, since it was impossible for “Philipa” to board the schooner where she was, the whole party set out for the village, singing and dancing as they went.

With that swift change of emotion characteristic of Polynesians, Maara’s family decided “Philipa” had now rightly earned their daughter's affection, and, with great haste, her belongings were packed in a large camphor-wood chest, with brass handles and name-plate.

Unanimity had at last been reached, and, as the Vaite appeared on the lee side of the island, all Penrhyn, for the third and final time that day, tramped across the sands to meet her.

In the centre of the procession were “Philipa” and Maara, and, directly behind them, came the brass-bound chest—borne by those same deacons whose earlier conduct had been so different!

A fortnight afterwards the wedding bells pealed in Tahiti, sealing a romance which lasted until Maara, ten years later, passed beyond the friendly call of human voices, out through the shifting cold twilight to some white tremendous daybreak on the other side of life, where perhaps—• “ on the Ideal Reef, Thunders the Everlasting Sea.”

Mile. Andree Luquet, of Noumea, reached Sydney by the Van Rees on October 13, en route to France, where she will seek fame as a film actress.

Miss C. Dusting, who was for some years an honorary missionary sister in Fiji for the Methodist Mission, died recently in Victoria.

Mr. P, Kodanda Rao, M.A., of the Servants of India Society, who has been studying the life and conditions of the Indian community in Fiji, left the Colony by the Niagara on October 23. 27 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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FOR the fifth successive year, J. A. (“Tony”) Moore won the European 100 yards Championship of Fiji at the Suva Athletic Sports Club meeting on October 5. He ran the distance in 10 seconds. Moore was presented with a cup donated by Captain Mullins.

A field of 19 started in the 120 yards European Sheffield Handicap, the final being won by ?°y er < 9y< * s -> by two feet from H. Williams (7yds.). J. A. Moore (2yds.) was third. F.

Storck (30yds.) had an easy win from K. Pinson (scratch) in the 880 yards European Handicap.

The Native Sheffield Handicap of 120 yards went to Joe Kunidai. Ratu Vitu cleared sft. 4ins. to carry off the High Jump event.

Misbehaviour Of Police

BOYS Probable Cause of Rai Coast Trouble INFORMATION to hand during the month throws some light upon the disorders reported recently from the Rai Coast (on the mainland of New Guinea, south-eastward of Madang).

The first incident reported occurred on July 23, when a native policeman was killed and four others wounded. One report at that time said that the outbreak was the result of “religious fanaticism.”

It now appears, however, that what occurred had an entirely different cause.

Assistant District Officer A. Nurton was in that region in July engaged on a patrol, in which he was seeking census information. He sent a party of native police into a district that is rarely visited. The people of this village had shown some reluctance to line up, and to carry out certain duties regarding road-making, or village cleanliness, or something of that sort, imposed upon them by the Administration.

When the police party commenced to march towards the villages, the people apparently thought that they were to be punished, and fled into the bush. The native policemen, entering one of the deserted villages, appear to have displayed a spirit of license and hooliganism.

One policeman, named Sapuri, made prisoner a native woman whom he found in hiding, and kept her in the police camp, where he outraged her. The natives from the village to which the woman belonged crept upon the police camp in the night and sought out and attacked and killed Sapuri. There apparently was a general fight, in which four other policemen were wounded.

Patrol Officer G. Greathead was sent into the area to assist A.D.O. Nurton. But before Mr. Greathead arrived, Mr. Nurton went into the disturbed area in an endeavour to restore order, and he and his party were suddenly attacked by What appear to have been the same class of natives who killed the native policeman Sapuri.

This second incident occurred on September 24, and, as previously reported, A.D.O. Norton was so severely injured that one of his legs had to be amputated.

Other information will be made available in due course, no doubt; but present indications are that the trouble on the Rai Coast was caused by the bad behaviour of a party of native policemen in a district which is only nominally under control.

Norfolk Island Trade

Mrs. Donald Finlayson, who had resided in the Rewa District, Fiji, for almost half a century, died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Henry Abbott, at Nausori, in mid-October. 28 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Useful Medical Book

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THE most useful publication that has been made available to Pacific Islands residents for many a long day is Diseases Commonly Met With in Melanesia—Their Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment. It has been written by Dr. Clifford S. James, medical officer in charge of the Melanesian Hospital at Fauabu, British Solomon Islands; published by the Melanesian Mission; and it is being distributed through Burns, Philp stores at 4/6 per copy.

Every type of disease commonly met with in the Pacific Islands, and especially in Melanesia, is described in simple, non-technical language, and the methods of treatment recommended are set out in sufficient detail to enable the non-medical worker to understand and carry them out.

Dr. H. B. Hetherington (Solomon Islands), in a foreword, gives the book the warm praise it deserves, and points out that “with careful attention to details of the instructions given, anyone can expect to perform successfully any of the procedures described . . . Complicated procedures, beyond the ability of the medical layman, have been omitted.” He points out that Dr. James writes with the authority of eight years’ experience in the Solomons and New Guinea.

The book is divided conveniently into sections, classified according to the parts of the body in which symptoms usually manifest themselves. Sections are devoted to fevers, skin diseases, bowel diseases, lung diseases, etc. The method of treatment is given alongside the description of every disease.

A good index permits immediate reference to the description and treatment of the sickness or disease under notice.

The author has given a good deal of attention to the prevention of disease, and to the care of women and children. “The tropical life,” he says, “is not for those with tuberculosis in the family, nor epilepsy, nervous troubles, mental disease, nor with a tendency to diarrhoea.”

The section on “Prevention of Malaria” ought to be learned by heart by every dweller in Melanesia.

The book will be just as useful in Polynesia as in Melanesia. The only difference is that there are in Polynesia fewer of the diseases described in the book, and no additional ones. No dweller in the tropical islands should be without a book of this kind.

Persons who cannot obtain a copy from the local B.P. store should send 4/6 to the Secretary, Melanesian Mission, 247 George Street, Sydney.

Gayer Social Life In

SAMOA From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Oct. 22.

THE visibly improved economic situation in Samoa and the increased spending power of the people have resulted in an uplift of the social life, especially in the capital, Apia.

Within a period of four weeks no less than six musical and theatrical entertainments are announced, starting with a concert of the Apia Symphony Orchestra, composed of local amateur talent. All these functions are for the benefit of various club, church, and benevolent funds.

Pearl-Shellers

Assistance from Australian Government \ USTRALIAN pearl shell interests are to receive assistance from the Commonwealth Government in the shape of a provision in the tariff that “articles for use in the pearling industry” will be admitted into Australia free of duty if they are of British manufacture, and subject to a duty of only 15 per cent, if they are of foreign manufacture.

The Australian Tariff Board and the Minister for Customs inquired closely into the conditions of the pearl shell industry and rejected a proposal that it should be assisted by the payment of a bounty on production. It was felt that a more effective and more permanent form of encouragement would be given in the shape of tariff concessions.

An early amendment in the Australian tariff schedule will give effect to the decision.

Rev. John W. Burton, M.A., general secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia, who is well known in the South Seas, left England on his return to Australia after furlough on October 14. He will visit the Methodist Mission stations in India en route to Sydney, where he is expected to arrive late in December. 29 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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FRESH i ENGLISH gi : PEAS m -iitiCKßp AHD Rev. G. S. Buckley sailed from Sydney for the New Hebrides to do missionary work for the Presbyterian Church at Malekula, by the Morinda on October 29.

He was previously stationed for 10 years at Imbai, in north-east Belgian Congo.

Girl Guides In Papua

Rev. R. L. Newman, of the New Guinea Mission in Papua, sailed from Brisbane by the Montoro during October for Samarai.

He is stationed at Eroro.

Melanesians To

Stay In Samoa

N.Z. Govt. Recants Decision to Repatriate “Black Boys”

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 20.

A WIRELESS message was received on October 14 by the two European elected members of the Legislative Council (Hons. A. G. Smyth and I. H. Carruthers) that, following on the representations made in the matter, the N.Z. Government has consented to the Melanesian labourers in the employment of the Reparation Estates remaining in Samoa.

It had been the intention of the New Zealand Government to repatriate these time-expired Melanesians, who have resided in Samoa for 20 to 30 years. Most of them are married to Samoan women, and have numerous offspring here. Altogether there are about 80 “black boys,” as the Melanesians are called here.

Rising Of The Palolo

Letter to the Editor. 1 NO TICE that there recently has been reference in your columns to the rising of the Palolo, May I refer your correspondents to page 207 of Turner’s Old Samoa ? There they will find the following:— “If the last quarter of the moon is late in October Palolo is found the day before, the day of and the day after that quarter. If the last quarter of the moon is early in October Palolo does not come till the last quarter of the November moon.”

This rule works out pretty well in Samoa, and will probably do so elsewhere, too.

Following out the above instructions, Palolo should be looked for in Samoa this year on the 4th, sth and 6th of November, and in Fiji on the sth, 6th, and 7th of November (local time in each case).

I am, etc., CELLARIUS.

Apia, Samoa, October 16, 1936.

Dr. J. S. Phillips, an entomologist, who has been carrying out research work in the British Solomon Islands, returned to Sydney by the Nankin from Rabaul, New Guinea, on October 21.

A company of girl guides was formed recently at the Anglican Mission for halfcaste children at Doubina, Goodenough Bay, Papua.

Utterly unacquainted with any such organisation, the girls required much preparation and training by the Captain, Miss Ida Kent, before they were considered fit for enrolment by Commissioner R. E. Mac- Granahan.

Two patrols have been formed, one taking the frangipanni as its emblem and the other, the landrail.

The uniforms were made by the older girls, assisted by Miss Kent, and each girl worked her own emblem badge. 30 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Pygmies Of Ramu

RIVER, N.G.

Lord Moyne’s “Discovery" Is Challenged Letter to the Editor, the way to New Guinea from Australia a few months ago, I was handed an English newspaper, wherein Lord Moyne claimed for himself the discovery of the Ramu pygmies. As this was only a newspaper item, I did not think it worth while to comment on it at the time.

But, seeing the story reprinted in the P.I.M. of August, 1936, page 57, and considering the P.I.M. a magazine of some standing, I now feel justified in putting this report in its right place.

What is most astounding is the announcement to the world at large that “of the results of the expedition by far the most interesting was the confirmation of rumours as to the existence of an unknown group of pygmies who were said to live on the Ramu River.”

Any scientific expedition doing scientific research work naturally would look up the literature of the country it wants to explore. Thus, Lord Moyne might have found in Anthropos (International Review of Ethnology and Linguistics), Vol. XXII, pg. 202-215, an exact account of the actual first discovery (not of rumours!) and of my visit to these pygmies in July, 1926 that is 10 years ago.

Furthermore, the Government authorities, whom Lord Moyne met in Rabaul before proceeding on his trip to the Ramu River, also knew of this first visit to the pygmies, in fact I had sent a copy of my article to the Administration at the time.

Thus, he even had the chance to become acquainted with the facts right near the spot.

Again, recruiters, miners, and Father J.

Ziegler, of the Mission Station at Atemble, have time and again visited the same pygmies, since my first visit to them.

Finally, when Lord Moyne went up the Ramu River, and was staying on the Mission Station at Atemble, where he actually met and measured 15 pygmies (I had given the measurements of 22 pygmies in the said article), did he really not hear a word of the fact that the pygmies had been visited before? And did Mr. E. J.

Wauchope, who accompanied him on this trip and who knew all about the earlier visits to the pygmies, not enlighten him at all on this point?

And yet, after all this, it was reserved to Lord Moyne to take home with him “as the most interesting result of the expedition, the confirmation of rumours as to the existence of an unknown group of pygmies who were said to live on the Ramu River.”

Most interesting, indeed!

I am, etc., (Rev.) FRANZ J. KIRSCHBAUM.

Catholic Mission, Alexishafen, N.G.

Mr. L. St. George Ryder, of Messrs Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.’s staff at Suva Fiji, arrived in Western Samoa by the Antigone on October 6 after inspecting the firm’s branches in Tonga. He will take charge of the Apia establishment of Morris, Hedstrom during the absence on furlough of the manager, Mr. G. S. Chisholm. The latter departed from Samoa for Auckland by the Matua on October 27. Mr. Chisholm will return to Apia in January. 31 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Samoa’S Little Ships

Memories of the “Lady Roberts"

Letter to the Editor. 4PROPOS the second inquiry into the loss of the Tiafau ( P.1.M., Sept.), it is stated that the findings “were not in accordance with public opinion in Apia.”

This is quite understandable, if a review of marine affairs in Samoa is undertaken.

The first marine venture of the Administration was in June, 1923, when the S.S.

Lady Roberts was purchased from New Zealand. European officers, comprising captain, chief and second officer, and chief engineer, were sent from Samoa to steam the ship from Auckland, and she was taken over from the Defence Department. After much haggling, two additional engineers w r ere secured for the trip, in addition to three local-born Samoan firemen and other half-caste deck-hands, none of whom had previously held sea jobs.

Fitted with 2ft. of 2-inch timbers for extra freeboard, 16 tons of coal on deck and two tons on the engine room plates, the ship left Auckland. Of 250 tons register and 98 horse power, the trip was no pleasure cruise, but after rough trips of six days to Suva from Russell, and four days Suva to Apia, she arrived, and was commissioned with a European captain and an engineer. The rest of the crew were local-born and native Samoans, etc.

No second engineer was provided and the ship commenced her mail run between Apia and Pago Pago, a distance of approx. 80 miles, and a run of 12 hours by night.

Forty miles of Pacific Ocean separate the two islands, yet up to 50 deck passengers were carried, life saving equipment consisting of a whaleboat, small dinghy and about a dozen kapok lifebelts. At times, the weather encountered was sufficient to delay the Matson liners and, speaking as one with T.B.D. experience during the War, I state emphatically that for negligence the Administration should have been prosecuted. With the engineer disabled, there was at all times not one soul aboard the ship capable of stopping the engines or shutting down the boiler.

After five months, a Chinese second engineer was procured, and designs were submitted for a larger ship. This was due to passengers declaring their intention never to travel on the Lady Roberts after their one trip. Islands commercial travellers can vouch for this.

The new ship was designed sketchily by Capt. Willcocks (the Harbourmaster at Apia) and Mr. Toni Hutton (draughtsman in the P.W.D.), and this ship, primarily intended for inter-island trade, became the now famous Maui Pomare. Her history from infancy is painful to read about.

These ventures of the Samoan Administration are on a par with previous failures too numerous to mention, which produced the first citizens’ indignation meeting, at which Mr. O. F. Nelson was appointed chairman. As he was an M.L.C. at the time, it was deduced that he would be the man to approach the Governor, Which he did, with disastrous results to himself.

Such is fame!

Regarding the unfortunate captain of the Tiafau, we have another instance of the old adage used extensively in Australia, commonly called “carrying the baby.”

The correct verdict of the Marine Court should have been negligence by the Administration in allowing the vessel to leave without adequate life-saving gear.

I am, etc., ED. V. TIBBO.

Tavua, Fiji.

N.G. Public Service Transfers THE following transfers connected with the staff of the New Guinea Public Service were announced on October 7: — District Services Dept.: G. Greathead, Patrol Officer, Rabaul to Madang; R. G. Ormsby, Cadet, Rabaul to Gasmata; J. A. Grant, Cadet, Rabaul to Salamaua.

Public Health Dept.: R. F. Armstrong, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Namatanai; W. A. Mc- Allister, Medical Assistant, Rabaul to Wewak.

Agriculture Dept.: H. Henderson, Inspector, Rabaul to Namatanai; W. Me. ,G. Pestell, Inspector, Rabaul to Salamaua.

Lands Dept.: C; W. G. Fox, Surveyor, Rabaul to Morobe District.

Police Force: H. R. Taylor, Warrant Officer, Rabaul to Wau. 32 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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New Schooner

For Fr. Oceania Inter-Island Service From a Special Correspondent PAPEETE, Oct. 6.

THERE was some excitement on Papeete waterfront on September 22 when the semaphore signalled that the schooner Denise was coming in with a derelict in tow.

As the two ships approached, old-timers recalled the occasion in 1921 when the Union Company’s Talune put into port towing the waterlogged American barkentine Retriever. The latter had been abandoned by her crew near the Marquesas and had drifted 700 miles before being picked up by the Talune. The Retriever figured in Peter B. Kyne’s book “Gappy Ricks.”

However, the fervour died down when it was learned that the Denise was bringing a newly-built hull, the Manava, back from the Austral Group.

The Manava was built entirely of native wood by the islanders of Tubuai for Mr.

Charles Brown, of Papeete, who is also owner of the Denise.

A regiment of carpenters are busy now on the fine new vessel, and in a few weeks she will commence her inter-island service between Papeete and the Australs. She will fly the flag of the Societe Commerciale De I’Oceanie, of which Mr.

Brown is head.

Among the passengers who returned from the Austral Group aboard the Denise were Mrs. Oscar G. Nordman and her daughter Ethel, and Mr. Lionel R.

Hayes. Mrs. Nordman, who is proprietress of the Oceanic Market at Papeete, brought back a boatload of cattle for her establishment. Mr. Hayes, a New Zealander, owns one of the finest properties at Papeari and he made the round trip in the Denise to gather material for a book he is writing.

Dr. D. Macleod, who has worked for six years in the New Hebrides for the Presbyterian Church, departed for Scotland by the Mooltan from Sydney on October 17.

Rev. Philip N. W. Strong was consecrated Bishop of New Guinea in St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, on October 28. He will sail for Australia by the Mongolia on November 27, and will probably leave Sydney for Papua in January.

St Planters Gazette

Valuable File for P.I.M.

Library WE are indebted to a good friend in the Solomon Islands who has sent us a complete file of The Planters Gazette, which was the journal of the Solomon Islands Planters’ Association. There were nine issues, between December, 1920, and May, 1923.

The journal was edited with great energy and spirit; and, during its brief lifetime, it appears to have directed attention to many public grievances, and secured a number of much-needed reforms.

It is noted, however, that several matters complained of in 1922-23 are still the subject of complaint, thirteen years afterwards!

An old 8.5.1. planter, writing to us recently, said: “The Government officials here hated the journal and eventually succeeded in blocking it, by rather peculiar methods. Had it still been going, they would not have got away with the things they do.”

The newly-built hull of the Manava, being towed to Papeete. 33 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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DO YOU SAY KOPRA,

Kohpra, Or Kohbra?

JYJAJOR CLIVE JOSKE, of Suva, started He was in a literary mood on September 21, and he wrote this paragraph for his interesting weekly bulletin to the Fiji Coconut Planters’ Union: “There is some conflict of opinion as to the pronunciation of the word ‘copra.’

Webster’s International Dictionary, in the edition of 1900. gives the pronunciation as ‘ko-pra,’ and says it is derived from the Malayam ‘koppara’ or the Hindustani ‘khopra.’ Malayam does not mean Malayan, but is the name given to a language spoken in the Madras Province. Webster says that the word is also written ‘cobra,’ ‘copperah,’ ‘coppra’.”

“A Coconut Planter” then wrote to the Fiji Times and Herald : “The etymology of the word ‘copra’ undoubtedly has its origin among the many varied forms of this word which are found in the vernacular of the states of Southern India: viz.: Khopra, Hindustani; Kobbera, Telugu; and Koppera (short o) Malayaham, etc., etc. From this it will be seen that there is no doubt as to what is the correct pronunciation. Copra (long o) remains the name by which the dried meat of the coconut is known.”

The pronunciation of the word varies according to locality. In Australia, Papua and New Guinea it is universally “kopra” (short o). In London, it is usually “kohpra” (long o), as stated by Major Joske.

In Samoa, where I was recently, it was almost always “kohbra” (long o. and b instead of p). I attributed this to the German influence, because Germans, when speaking English, usually soften our harder consonants. In Fiji I heard “kopra,”

“kohpra” and “kohbra,” which seemed to represent a mixture of English. Australian and Samoan influences.

R.W.R.

Tahiti’S Woes

Union Line to Go; Franc Devalued From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, Oct. 9.

T’HERE have been two recent developments which promise to have a profound effect on the economic welfare of the islands of the South-eastern Pacific.

One is the proposed discontinuance of the Union Steam Ship Co.’s passenger and mail steamers, and the second, the devaluation of the French franc.

The discontinuance of the passenger steamers on the Australia-Cook Is.- Tahiti-San Francisco service will immediately destroy the tourist traffic (particularly from North America) which has been growing in volume during recent years.

This traffic has produced a respectable revenue for Tahiti and its adjacent islands. Many landowners have erected cottages suitable for rental to sojourners; indeed the amount of such building has lather exceeded the demand. Several business houses in Papeete have thrived on revenue from tourist patronage.

Fortunately, the Union Company is continuing a regular service of freight steamers, so that the movement of mails and cargo will not be interrupted. French Oceania is well served, in addition, by the excellent passenger steamers of the Messageries Maritimes Company voyaging every six weeks from and to France via the Panama Canal.

In view of the withdrawal of the Union Co.’s passenger vessels, a belief has been expressed in some quarters that the Messageries liners would extend from their present terminus of New Caledonia to Australia. There is little ground for this rumour, however, the Company having emphatically denied the intention of continuing their vessels to Sydney.

Effect Of Devalued Franc

The devaluation of the French franc is likely to cause some confusion and even hardship until the islands become adjusted to the new conditions.

The chief difficulty is that our supplies of staple foodstuffs —such as flour, beef in tins. etc. —as well as petroleum products, lumber and such, come from Australasia and the Pacific Coast of North America. This means that prices for all these products, in terms of francs, will rise immediately in proportion as the franc is devalued.

It is not likely that the price of our chief export product—copra—will rise in proportion inasmuch as the entire production of French Oceania is, by the necessity of present economic and trade conditions, sold to France.

The native landowner in the islands is, of course, more or less independent in that he can supply himself with fish from the sea, with plantain from the mountain valleys, and with taro, breadfruit and other vegetables and fruits from plantations on his own estate. Flour, rice, tea, and tinned foods are, however, substantial elements in the diet of all the islanders and higher costs will work no little hardship Mr. D. R. Eden, Acting General Manager of the New Zealand Reparation Estates, left Apia, Samoa, by the Maui Pomare on October 15 on an official visit to Wellington, to discuss with the N.Z. authorities important matters affecting the Estates and the labour situation in Samoa.

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Captain J. R. Grey, formerly of the Hoyal Navy, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, arrived in Sydney by the Makura on October 17, after having visited Tetiaroa, a group of 13 islands north of Tahiti. He examined the potentialities of the islands and submitted a report to their owner, Dr. W. J.

Williams, who retired recently from the position of British Consul at Papeete.

WOODLARK

By G. Mills-Rodger

WOODLARK Island, in Eastern Papua, ** is forty miles by sixteen. From that area hundreds of fossickers and miners have won hundreds of ounces of gold, worth hundreds of thousands of pounds.

But that was many years ago, when Woodlark was the chief goldfield of New Guinea, To-day, it is hard to realise the bustle and activity which there must have been. Only overgrown shafts, derelict machinery and tangled scrub remind one of former glory. The hundreds of whites are now reduced to some two score.

A few of the old timers are still left — in fact one has not been away from Woodlark since h© arrived 37 years ago.

There is still gold; but never again will a dish yield a weight of one pound in one ■wash. How must these men have felt when a few swirls of their pan gave them twelve ounces of glittering dirt!

Woodlark Island is composed of hills and valleys, the coast line being flanked in many places by miles of mangrove swamp. The growth is almost impenetrable; trees, vines, creepers and scrub are mingled in mad profusion.

To hack one’s way through is an arduous task. Journeying from one place to another by a recognised route means plunging along narrow jungle tracks. In wet weather it means slushing through quagmires. Snakes are numerous but the majority are considered harmless. Milipedes abound, but also not to be feared unless trodden upon, when they emit a poisonous fluid. Wild pigs make excellent kai-kai and, incidentally, good hunting.

Certain spots are infested with crocodiles.

The rainfall is one of the heaviest in Papua, averaging some 175 inches for the year.

There are a number of coconut plantations scattered throughout. With the recent rise in the price of that long depressed commodity, the planter’s hopes of eventual retirement with a comfortable competence may, at last, come true.

The native name for Woodlark is Murua. The Muruan flatly declines to “sign on’’ for work either on plantations or mining. The chief reason is, of course, that he is lazy. Secondly, the island has abundance of native foods such as yam, taro, sago. Also there is betel nut which, mixed with lime, they chew with avidity.

This causes their teeth to become quite black, the mouth and lips a vivid scarlet.

Personal adornment takes the form of slit-ear lobes, in some cases almost hanging down to the shoulders. In the aperture is worn anything from a flower to the lid of a tobacco tin. Narrow bands of plaited grass are worn tightly on the arms and legs. Being a pure Papuan type, the Muruan has a fine mop of frizzy hair, of which he is inordinately proud and ever combing. To be possessed of red hair seems to be a great ambition and many a buck applies lime to achieve this effect.

Clothing is only a secondary consideration. Indeed, there is a resemblance to an exiled Adam as invariably the only garment consists of a strip of pandanus leaf between the limbs, held by a strip of native grass.

The women beautify themselves much as do the men, but they wear a short grass skirt upon which, at times, another is clapped on and yet another until a tier of six or seven may be seen.

In mourning, the woman daubs herself all over with charcoal and wears an ankle length skirt. The effect is grotesque.

The period of lamentation may last six or twelve months, when a feast is proclaimed to celebrate the end of the penance. The lady is then at liberty to resume her glad rags; but in another few months it may be necessary to do some more mourning; and so it goes on.

Being covered with charcoal, in the heat of the tropics, with ablutions entirely unknown, must produce some discomforting effects. All have a strong aversion to cleanliness and it is indeed a matter for wonder that disease is not rampant.

Both sexes indulge in patterning their faces with charcoal. Viewed from an artistic standpoint, the results call for improvement. The native population has dwindled to about 800 and still appears to be on the decrease.

Mention must be made of the old wireless station. This concrete structure still stands in excellent condition. The erec- 36 Monthly, November 24, 1936 Pacific Island

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Occupied by a large naval staff, this must have ranked as an important unit in martial affairs at that time. The tall gaunt walls look as if they housed many a secret snatched from the ether.

It may be appropriate to relate an amusing incident which happened in connection with this wireless station in those troublesome times of war. Some of the local Europeans were enlisted as guards.

Walking down to the station at night from the mining camp of Kulumadau to take over their duties, two of the volunteers were halted by a native sentry who Jumped out of the bush with pointed rifle: “Who goes there?”

The two gentlemen had been gossiping a trifle too freely with their good friend John Barleycorn; and they resented being addressed in such peremptory fashion by a native. At any rate, they expressed their opinion of him in no mild terms.

Suddenly, one of the pair remembered they should use the password, but neither could recall it.

Meanwhile, the native, no doubt rather frightened as to what would be his fate at the hands of these two inebriated tauhadas helped them out of the difficulty, “S’pose you no talk ‘Glasgow’ I shoot.”

“Glasgow” came back the password, in chorus.

It is said the many bays and inlets of the island afforded shelter for that prowling marauder, the Wolf.

A peculiarly fascinating, intriguing island, Woodlark is no blue lagoon of Stacpoole’s creation. It has a history and, perhaps, a future.

New Guinea Boundary

Australia and Holland Agree AGREEMENT has been reached between Australia and Holland indicating the location of the 141st meridian of east longitude, which forms the boundary between Dutch New Guinea and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea.

The agreement provides that the boundary shall continue to be the 141st meridian and that such meridian shall be deemed a line running true north and south from the middle of a monument placed as a result of observations made by Dutch and Australian surveyors in September, 1933.

It is also provided that the cost of the maintenance of the monument shall be shared equally between the Dutch and Commonwealth Governments. It is to be periodically inspected by representatives of the two Governments.

The question was first raised by the Dutch Government in 1933, when the Netherlands Ambassador in London pointed out that the position of the meridian, as shown by a Dutch survey completed in 1930, differed from the position as ascertained and marked by a German survey of 1886-1889.

Mr. J. E. Nixon Westwood, who was for some years interested in South Seas trading, and who latterly has been residing in London, has now settled down in California. He writes that he is prepared to represent any Australian or South Seas firm there, and that his address is c/o. Bank of Montreal, San Francisco.

Boats Stolen

One Smashed by Hoodlums at Atiu, Cook Is.

From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Oct. 4.

NEWS has just come to hand from the outlying island of Atiu that as the result of young hoodlums’ escapades several valuable boats—property of Messrs. A. B, Donald and the Cook Islands Trading Co. —have been lost.

It appears that the boats were taken with the intention of journeying to the neighbouring island of Mitiaro, a distance of some 25 miles.

In the case of the boat belonging to Messrs. A. B. Donald the voyage was never completed, owing to the state of the weather, and whilst attempting to return over the reef at Atiu, it was smashed on the coral. On this occasion, the Resident Agent (Mr Hempleman) set off in pursuit of the stolen boat and, remaining at sea all night, was himself in some danger of losing sight of the island.

Police enquiries are now being prosecuted in the matter, which is, considering the value of the lost boats, one of some local importance. 37 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Mission Rivalries

Comment By Notable Lutheran Leader T>ERTINENT comment on the mission -*■ situation in the Pacific is contained in a book, Under the Cross, just published by Rev. J. Flierl, D.D., senior of the Lutheran Mission in New Guinea.

“Must I enlarge,” says Dr. Flierl, “on the fairy tale about the happy primitive native, whose happiness missionaries should not be allowed to destroy by the introduction of Christianity? True, the native appears happy and jovial before the white man whose acquaintance he has made. He delights in bedecking his body with flowers, feathers, and paint; he will sing and dance at nights on end, he will chant sad songs of despair, or in preference sing songs of victory. All this easily misleads the European who knows not the thin veil that cloaks the misery in which he lives and the restlessness and the fear which haunt him through life.

“Only he who has spent long years among the tribes of New Guinea, who has evinced a loving interest in acquiring a knowledge of their language, is able to penetrate the depth of the soul of these poor people. It is necessary to appreciate their heathen customs, to know of their ghost-lore, and fear of ghosts, their witchcraft, ascribing every death to some sorcerer, resulting in everlasting blood feuds. The never-ending murders—one village ever against the neighbouring village—are evidence thereof. We were obliged to study all these conditions until we gained the confidence of the natives.

Then they told us of their troubles and their fears, they embraced our message of peace, and accepted the Gospel of Christianity.”

There is a frank reference to the situation created by rival creeds. Dr. Flierl says he gladly would have come to some satisfactory arrangement with their Roman Catholic neighbours, but they would suffer no compromise with the Protestants and thus came a mischievous race for supremacy. Priests were hurried inland, grass huts erected to represent mission stations, and unsuitable native boys placed in charge. So bitter became the rivalry that the Government was obliged to take a hand, and it closed the area which was “uncontrolled” against “native helpers” except under the immediate charge of a white missionary. The “equally aggressive and intolerant”

American Seventh Day Adventists, who “know no missionary comity,” are also indicted.

“The order given by a Governor in German East Africa,” says the Doctor, “would be worthy of emulation in New Guinea.

He directed that different religious bodies were allowed only to erect stations at least 10 to 12 miles distant from the other, to enable the individual Church to work undisturbed.”

EDITORIAL NOTE.—Dr. Flierl need not have gone all the way to German East Africa for a worthy system of controlling mission enterprise and rivalry—he could have found one next door, in Papua. Unfortunately, as explained in our last issue, the Papuan system is not being staunchly maintained.

For Cook Is. Service

Rarotongans Are Being Trained In New Zealand IT is part of the Cook Islands native policy to select each year up to three of the most promising scholars in Rarotonga for a three-years course at Te Aute College for Maori Boys and at Hukarere College for Maori Girls at Napier, New Zealand, said the Resident Commissioner (Judge H. F. Ayson, C.M.G.) in the Annual Report for 1935, which has just been issued.

Scholarships are given only for the number of youths and girls who can be absorbed into positions in the Cook Islands Administration service on their return.

It is believed that this intensive training where they are at all times in an environment where English is spoken; where they rub shoulders with their more enlightened Maori cousins and imbibe some of their ideals and traditions; and have their outlook widened beyond the range of their small islands, will assist succeeding generations more and more to replace the less senior European officials of the Administration, and in giving opportunities for the people more and more to govern themselves.

The result so far has been worth while.

Native operators are now successfully running wireless stations (in conjunction with school teaching) in the outer islands; native medical practitioners after some years at Te Aute have qualified at the Central Medical School at Suva and are working in the Group; a matriculated lad is attached to the staff in Rarotonga; and a number of the native school-teachers are occupying more or less important positions. 38 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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By Mollie Lett

M. x ,, r AN \ years ago, before European occupation. the Wamira people, in the Wedau district, along the N.E. Coast of Papua, designed and constructed an irrigati°n scheme to serve their rich garden lands, which were separated by a wide open gorge from a stream 1 h miles distant.

The system, which is the only known example of native engineering in the territory, has been a continual source of interest and speculation to settlers since its discovery, on account of its origin, engineering skill, and clever adaptation.

According to one authority it represents a well designed and highly creditable piece of engineering,” and “stands as a monument to the skill and perseverance of a primitive race.” icre S en upon s jss hiiarS natives rely during the dry periods of the According to legend, the origin of the scheme dates from the time of a great drought and famine when, in desperate need, an old man of the tribe named Gaire, goaded by the taunts of a neighbouring tribe, called the head men of Wamira together. to find some means whereby their parched lands could obtain water from the stream on the other side of the gorge.

There were many difficulties. The gully was deep and wide, and no suitable timber stood near its banks. Trees had to be felled and hauled long distances But the work was completed at last and with “shouts of laughter and joy” the Wamira people watched the water run across from bank to bank and enter a channel to their rich garden lands; and their troubles were over.

The scheme consists mainly of a water race, and aqueduct, and distributing channels. from the Uruam Creek to garden i an ds a mile and a half distant, separated by a gully named the Davudavu Creek Gorge lhe water race has its intake in a dam made by a stone weir packed with grass, V s (with carved figTrLT'aTd with cross pieces, conveys the water 30ft. above the creek bed to the opposite bank, Top: The dam, on Uruam Creek, made of stones, and the interstices kept filled with mud and grass.

Lower: The old water-race, of hollowed logs, which carries the water across the gully. Note the carved figures which gruard the structure. 39 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 19 36

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where the race continues to the gardens.

The distributing channels intersect and surround the whole area of 1,000 acres, and are said to be six miles in length. 960 acres of this extent consist of a rich black flat, on which most of their taro is grown.

In 1926, at the request of the Wamira people, the Government substituted a syphon pipe line for the wooden flume of hollowed logs and made various improvements —culverts and cement facings. The logs were in an advanced state of decay, and periodically bush fires caused a great deal of damage.

Great care is taken by the tribe to keep the main and distributing channels in order. Women are strictly forbidden to bathe in them and no one is permitted to drink from the flowing water. When the flow becomes scarce, the natives become greatly disturbed, and certain men of the tribe make incantations over the water to increase the flow; or to remove any spells that may have been cast by evil spirits.

The carved images on the upright posts in the gully represent two males and two females and were placed there by the tribe over 50 years ago as a decoration in honour of Gaire’s notable achievement.

According to native explanation, the grade of the channel was regulated by the water flowing from the dam and by digging first from the intake. When the water ceased to flow, they merely dug deeper, or vice versa; and, by these means, the existing main race was graded evenly to a fall of 30ft. per mile, which, according to a report, “appears to be the correct rate of grade for ‘critical velocity’ in this class of soil and the heavy growth of grass in the channel bed.”

Apart from the legend which assigns the origin of the irrigation system to the ingenuity of the old Wamira man, there have been many suggestions as to its source. That it may have been derived from some early Chinese immigration is one suggestion. Long before New Guinea was annexed, Chinese, engaged in bechede-mer industry, visited the south and east coast periodically in junks, sailing as far south as the Great Barrier Reef of Australia.

The carved images on the upright posts were placed there at a later period; the first two about 60 years ago, and the others within the knowledge of the present inhabitants. Their design may have no bearing on the original structure.

Cook Is. Footballer’S

DEATH From Our Own Correspondent RAROTONGA, Oct. 4.

THERE was an animated scene of friendly rivalry as the teams of Muri and Arorangi met to play their tie for the Sports Association Cup, on Mun Beach sports ground, Rarotonga, on September 10. As common with all sports the Cook Islanders engage in, this game was a revelation of sportsmanship and clean play.

Popular Pu Napa was making a run with the ball. He had evaded three opponents when a fourth grabbed him, but he still continued to run when another tackled him, bringing him to the ground. He managed to arise but walked only a few steps when he collapsed.

He was taken to hospital where he was found to be suffering from serious internal injuries, to which he succumbed that night. 40 Pacific islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Men Who Knew Yesterday

By Our Samoan Correspondent

Mr. Paul Hoeflich ONE of the best known and most respected citizens of Apia, Mr. Paul Hoeflich, a resident of 45 years’ standing, celebrated his 80th birthday on October 1 in best health and vigour.

Born in the small Prussian town of Sonnenberg in Brandenburg, young Hoeflich was apprenticed after leaving school to follow the trade of his father, a furrier.

Finding life in a country town too monotonous and dull, he left home at the age of 17 and went to sea, first mustering as a ship’s boy on the German brig Helios, which was leaving for the United States.

Endowed with an adventurous spirit and a strong will as well as with a sense of humour, he found the strenuous life and hard work on board a sailing vessel to his liking and sailed for four years on the Western Ocean, on various ships and under various flags. In 1879 he arrived in Australia and served on various ships on the Colonial and the China coasts for a further four years.

In 1883 he went to Jaluit in the Marshall Islands, whence he later proceeded to the Gilbert Islands, at that time a littleknown group and not yet annexed by Great Britain. At Tarawa he became acquainted with Mr. McMurdoch (who is still alive, and corresponding with Mr.

Hoeflich at present) who persuaded the young sailor to take up trading in partnership with him.

The Gilberts at that period were the gathering place of many adventurous characters and fugitives from the law.

Crime, especially murder, was nothing unusual in those days. Hoeflich gradually gained the respect and the confidence of the natives and for over six years did a flourishing trade under the special protection of influential chiefs. One of these was the famous King Tinbinoka, of Abemama (known as the “Napoleon of the South Seas”), a despotic ruler of an Islands Kingdom, who was immortalised by Robert Louis Stevenson.

Mr. Hoeflich met the famous writer at Abemama in 1889 and travelled with him on the old Stevenson schooner, Equator, to Apia. Much impressed by the attractions of life in Samoa, he decided to liquidate his business in the Gilberts.

Having done so, he returned to Apia in 1891 to settle permanently. Soon after his arrival he acquired considerable property and also started in business as an aerated water manufacturer, gradually building up a fine business and gaining a reputation for honest and straightforward dealing.

During the stirring times of civil wars and political troubles, under the Samoan Kingdom, the Three Power Regime, the German, and the New Zealand Military and Civil Administrations, Mr. Hoeflich has lived and worked, meeting and mak- Mr. Paul Hoeflich 41 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Miss B. Wingfield, of the Methodist Mission in Fiji, will shortly return to New Zealand to be married.

Threat To Papuan Rubber Growers

Case Against Interference by International Committee From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, October 14.

TT ARLY in August, a memorandum was presented to Australia House in London, by the International Rubber Regulation Committee, and was forwarded to Canberra and thence to Papua, The memorandum points out the great advantages that rubber growers in Papua enjoy under the restriction scheme; and, after stating- that these advantages are due to the self-imposed sacrifices of rubber producers in other countries, goes on to suggest that no encouragement be given to the extension of existing rubber plantations in Papua.

The advantages referred to are: (a) A stabilised market price at an economic figure. (b) Favourable exchange of sterling against Australian currency. (c) Remission of primage tax on Papuan rubber imported into Australia. (d) A bounty (temporary only) of 2d per lb on all rubber produced in Papua and sold in Australia. (Paid by the Commonwealth.) The fear of the Committee appears to be that, with conditions so favourable, there is danger of the extension of rubber areas in Papua to a point at which Papuan exports may exercisd an adverse influence upon world-supply.

Admittedly, the conditions are favourable to the rubber grower in Papua; but it appears that considerable encouragement will be needed if further capital is to be risked in further development.

In 1926, Holland refused to join the Stevenson scheme for restriction of rubber output for the very good reason that she could see no advantage to herself in doing so. And it does not seem unreasonable that Australia also should consult her own convenience in the matter of rubber supplies.

Papua is Australia’s only non-foreign source of supply in the matter of rubber.

And Papua at present produces only about one-sixteenth of the Australian annual consumption, from a total planted area of just under 9000 acres. The case of other rubber producing countries is different. They have the world for their market; and they can glut that market with surplus rubber without approaching their maximum production.

Peculiar Disabilities

HPHE question has another aspect. Papua was made a British Protectorate in 1884, and was annexed in 1888; and it became a Territory of the Commonwealth in 1906. And in fifty-two years of European occupation, which period includes thirty years of Australian rule, it has not attracted a sufficient volume of settlement or investment to provide its modest revenue without substantial help from Australia.

Out of a total area of fifty-nine million 42 Monthly, November 24, 1936 Pacific Island

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Head Office and Store: 163 CLARENCE ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W. acres in Papua, only fifty-eight thousand are under cultivation, representing a little less than one acre in each thousand of Papua’s extent. This meagre result is due, not to the poverty of the country, but to the peculiar disabilities imposed upon it by Australia’s political necessities.

Australia, being Papua’s natural market, and the only possible one for the majority of her products, it is upon Australian marketing conditions that Papua’s prosperity must depend. Yet it is due solely to the severity of these conditions that Papua has struggled vainly for so many years to build up economic independence.

Papua’S Dismal Industrial

HISTORY THE two great evils against which A Papua has to contend apart from her bounties, w r hich are negligible in their effects, are: (a) an adverse tariff designed to protect Australian producers, and (b) the restriction of shipping services to Australian vessels, which has resulted in a virtual monopoly to one shipping firm, and in the high rates and costly inconvenience that usually spring from monopoly.

Of the many industries that have been started in Papua very nearly all have failed.

Copra is barely paying its way in an uncertain market and against heavy transport costs. Coir fibre, which, as a by-product of copra, might help plantation finances, costs more than the market price in freight alone. Coffee is not paying.

Hemp, though of first-class quality, could not cope with the cost of transport.

Tobacco, maize, and fruits, for which the Papuan soil and climate are particularly suitable, cannot face Australia’s adverse tariff.

Timber is excluded by a prohibitive duty and also by excessive freights.

There is a vast amount of copper in Papua, but it cannot be produced profitably. Sixty years of continuous prospecting has failed to discover payable quantities of gold, except on the little island of Misima.

Oil, which is believed to exist in large quantities, was taken out of Papua’s hands by the Commonwealth in 1912, and serious search for it is only now beginning. And the economic cultivation of sugar, for which Papua is particularly well equipped, is rendered impossible by the exclusion of Papuan sugar from the British Preference quota.

Papua’S Main Hope

J>UBBER remains, the only product to which Papua can look for economic independence. There is a great extent of suitable land for its culture. The climate is favourable, and costly shipping does not affect it seriously.

And there are encouraging signs that, given the assurance of a stable price and reasonable profit on invested capital, the area of rubber may be greatly increased, possibly even to the point at which Australia may draw the whole of her supplies from Papua.

If, on the other hand, undue weight is given to the suggestions of the Rubber Regulation Committee, Papua’s plight will become desperate.

The colony’s small revenue is, and has been for years, inadequate to cope with the necessary demands of administration.

Government influence is still spreading among the primitive inhabitants, and increasing control cannot be divorced from growing expenditure.

Australia has been restive under the need for payment of an annual subsidy; but unless something is done, and done soon, to encourage industry,in Papua, it will become necessary not only to continue the subsidy and to continue it indefinitely, but to increase it very considerably.

Rev. Father J. Deihl, of the Roman Catholic Mission at Apia, Western Samoa, returned early in October from a visit to the Tokelau Group on. board the B.P. schooner Makoa, Mr. E. G. Theodore, who has a controlling interest in Emperor Mines Ltd., and other companies on the Tavua goldfield, Fiji, arrived in Australia by the Mariposa early in October.

Mr. Michael Leahy has been awarded the Murchison Grant by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, “for his explorations of Central New Guinea.” The Cuthbert Peek Grant has been awarded to Mr. T. H. Harrison, “to assist him in his proposed expedition to New Guinea.” 43 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Wrong Ideas About

The Islands

By Glenn R. Kershner, of Culver City, California, U.S.A. r pO-DAY I read a long article depicting A the native of the South Seas islands.

The author used all the words that could be found in the dictionary to try and belittle the native, who was happy before the white man started to pollute those islands and to try and convert the native to the ways and beliefs of the white man; and at the same time, left his own blemishes scattered over the once peaceful and clean Polynesian groups.

This morning, in the same publication.

I read where dozens had been murdered in our own lands: hundreds had been run over and killed by drunken drivers; there was murder, rape, suicide, adultery, burning of churches, lining the preachers of the gospel up against the church walls and shooting them down.

Many years ago I believed there was something better in Mexico than I was seeing or hearing about. There seemed to be nothing down there but drunkards, buzzards and cactus; but after wandering over eighteen states of Mexico, and not carrying either a gun or a knife in my pockets, and being invited into some of the most hospitable homes by kindly and well-educated people, I left Mexico with some wonderful memories, as well as motion pictures of very interesting and beautiful buildings, both of ancient and modern architecture; pyramids, scenic views and landscapes that could be seen nowhere else.

The same is true of the South Sea islands. I have visited them any number of times in the last fifteen years, made motion pictures and have mingled with their people, have canoed and sailed from one group to the other, sang their himenes, danced with them, was named by them —and I find them all the same— peace-abiding and loving people, with a wealth of mind that we so-called whites could well be proud to have.

A few years ago I met a gentleman who had come to Tahiti. His stay at Papeete was but the two days between the downbound and the upbound boats, and most all that time he had wandered around a half-dozen city streets. He was unsuccessful in contacts except for a few he saw, who now peddle what was once held sacred and given to the visitor as a great honour.

Now that man is going to write a great book about the South Seas. He had seen it all in those few wakeful hours —all that we have seen in years over many islands. He imagines he knows the life. In the meantime he will meet others, get them to talk, and listen to their bragging and betrayal. He will meet modest people who saw the islands as modest and good-thinking people do, but they will not have peculiar things to talk about.

He will not dwell long here but will hunt the library for his geographical locations and other peoples’ descriptions, and into these he will inject his hearsay knowledge and what he imagined the islands looked like. Nevertheless, the stickers on his trunk will prove he was there.

As in Mexico, I saw so many beautiful things in the islands that I lingered, pic- The writer photographed in French Oceania, while making a South Seas motion picture.

He is wearing a wreath of welcome given to him by the natives of Tahaa 44 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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tured and studied them. So many thousands have seen my motion pictures and heard my talks on these islands that they have asked many times: Please write books on them, so we can buy them.

This I did; even went back there to finish them. Now the powers-that-be read them and say they are too modest, the word pictures are beautiful, the love interests are all that lovers want their love to be like, but —there is no debauchery in my writings; there must be murder, lust, and all the trimmings that go with them.

I am an American. Both of my greatgrandfathers were born in this land. But I do believe we white race should leave and let alone the islanders who have their own belief in God and in their own daily actions that speak of their unexcelled hospitality and generosity, as I have found them.

Go down there, enjoy the beauties that greet your eyes at every turn, where every tree is loaded with something good to eat, where every lagoon and little stream of water abounds with fish, where the English and French welcome you and leave you alone and try not to interfere with the traveller until he gets too unruly.

The reading public should forget all these bad little things that some smile and boast of, because there really are so few in Papeete; and those are well taken care of under police and hospital protection that there should be little worry.

And what is the difference if they do; that is their own land and their life — not ours to dictate. In our lands more goes on in the smallest city block of any town or city, than happens in all their thousands of little islands rolled together.

And I would like to see anyone in this country leave their doors unlocked and wide open or lie down and sleep any place, anytime and unmolested, as they can in Polynesia,

Successful Indian Fair

AT SUVA From a Special Correspondent SUVA, Sept. 29.

TINDER the direction of a committee of well-known men of the Indian Reform League, an all-Indian Mela or Fair was successfully held at Suva in August. Favoured with beautiful weather the attendance was highly satisfactory, particularly as there was quite a number of visiting tourists by the Strathaird.

This event can be written down as one of historical importance because it marks the first appearance of anything of the kind produced in this Colony.

Foremost was the miniature replica of the original, Taj Mahal, a masterpiece of Indian art which is in Agra, India. The model conveyed an accurate idea of the awe-inspiring beauty of this wonderful edifice.

Fascinating displays of Indian arts and crafts, of produce and merchandise were made, whilst entertainments were the order of the day, including Indian music and dancing, sword-stick duelling, firestick swinging, wrestling, coconut shies, side-shows, and other amusements.

The Indian Reform League was founded in 1924 by a band of Indian enthusiasts supported by several influential Europeans. The main objects are to promote education, sport and social reform among the Indian community. From its inception the directors have been encouraged by the support of the Fiji Government.

Mr. C. H. Karlus, of the Papuan Magisterial Service, departed from Sydney for Samarai with his wife by the Montoro on October 21.

Europeans And Fijians

THE visitor to Fiji must be impressed A with the cordial relationship that exists between the Europeans and the Fijians. The British, especially, show warm affection for the ever-laughing natives, while the latter treat the white men with the respect that is based on real liking. There is an especially good feeling between the Fijian chiefs and the Europeans; and the latter point with pride to the remarkably high degree of Western culture which the Fijian nobles can acquire.

The most notable Fijian in the Colony is Ratu J. L. V. Sukuna, who was educated at Oxford, and who now holds a high position in the public service. His speeches, delivered in faultless English, are among the most notable contributions to the debates of the Legislative Council.

Not long ago, a well-known British resident wanted to engage a Chinese cook, recently arrived from Noumea. The cook knew French but no English, while the Britisher had no French. Ratu Sukuna (who won a decoration in the French Foreign Legion in the war) was called in, and with his excellent knowledge of French, he arranged the engagement.

Mr. W. M. Reid, chairman of directors of W. M. Reid Limited, sailed from Sydney for Rarotonga, Cook Group, on a business visit by the Makura on October 22.

Mr. T. Russell, formerly legal adviser to the Government of Siam, reached Suva, Fiji, to take up duties as Chief Police Magistrate, by the Niagara on October 22.

He was accompanied by his wife and family. 45 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Miss M. Ward, of the Methodist Mission, who has. served for three years in the New Britain District in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, returned to Queensland recently to be married.

Mr. W. S. Flower, who has been a subinspector in the Fiji Constabulary for seven years, has resigned from the service. He departed from Suva en route to England with his wife and family by the Niagara on October 23.

Solomon Is. News

From Our Own Correspondent.

TULAGI, Oct. 4.

IT was learned with regret recently that Mrs. Rose Statham, formerly a wellknown Solomon Islands resident, had died of pneumonia in the Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, in August. Since the death of her husband, Mr. G. H. Statham, she had lived in Sydney to educate her son, but prior to that had lived at the Marovo Lagoon, where her husband died. Older settlers and all who knew Mrs. Statham will feel the loss of a sterling character and a good friend.

While on leave from Gatere Estate, Ysabel, which he had managed for several years, Mr. W. M. Maguire recently died in Brisbane, only a few weeks before he was due to return to the Solomons.

“Mac,” who was popular everywhere, will be greatly missed.

Guadalcanal Gold Search

Another prospecting party has returned to Guadalcanal. The original and best known mining venture there, Pioneer Expedition N.L., continues to go ahead with inspections with an optimism which must certainly have some justification.

It is a pity that the long-promised Mining Regulations continue to hang fire, probably holding up a much needed new industry. However, it is felt that there cannot be much more delay.

Air Mail Facilities Needed

At present there are no arrangements whereby letters to go by air mail can be despatched through the Solomon Islands Post Office. Though no air lines call here, residents frequently wish to post letters to catch planes in New Guinea, Brisbane, or Sydney; these have to be enclosed in other letters and reposted in Australia or in the Mandated Territory.

If some form of air postage were arranged here, much trouble would be saved, and the air mail would be largely used where, without it, letters are so long in transit. There seems no insurmountable obstacle; probably it has not been thought of.

Epidemics Cause Many Deaths

Sickness has been visiting the Solomons with very serious results. An ailment resembling beriberi broke out among the labour in Vanikoro, the death rate being rather high. Practically all the surviving labour were returned to their homes.

A form of meningitis has taken toll of the islanders of Malaita, on which the Group is chiefly dependant for its labour supply. Before the epidemic had cleared up a very fatal form of influenza spread through the island. Apparently the ’flu is more fatal on Malaita than on any other of the Solomon Islands, and the death rate is always very heavy.

Sou’Easters Take Toll Of

SHIPPING The inclement weather which has persisted for several months seems now to have eased to prepare us for the Nor’west season. The South-easters have taken toll of shipping, and there have been many miserable mariners weary of battling against them.

In Tulagi Harbour it has been so rough, that it is a risky and troublesome business to board the steamer when she is leaving for Sydney. In fact, there has been an agitation to have the steamer leave from the wharf, or to provide pontoons for the safety and convenience of passengers, if the ship is to remain in the stream when about to leave the Group.

Treatment For Lepers

A prominent missionary society, recognising the serious number of cases of leprosy in the Solomons, particularly on Malaita, is making efforts to get land to enable these unfortunates to receive treatment.

A suitable area will possibly be found, although without legislation to compel them, it is not likely that natives will be eager to leave their homes, even with the hope of relief and possibly cure under modern treatment. It is to be hoped the effort to establish a leper settlement meets with the necessary backing and assistance. ■ Mr. B. B. Perriman, M.L.C., manager of Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co. Limited’s branch at Rabaul, returned to New Guinea after furlough in Australia by the Neptuna on October 21. 46 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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The Search For Oil In Papua

Development with an Imperial Significance appearance of those three great companies in Papua, equipped for an oil search on a scale never before seen there, and backed by the Governments in a remarkable fashion, has a special Imperial significance.

If the search succeeds Papua, hitherto the poorest of the Territories, may become the richest —a Cinderella indeed. rpHE British Empire is re-arming, grimly, quietly and hurriedly. A survey has been made of sources of raw materials essential in time of war; and, once more, attention has been directed to the Empire’s disturbing lack of control over oil supplies.

British countries obtain their oil from five main sources —North America, Black Sea countries, the Euphrates basin, Persia, and Borneo. In not one case, does the source of a main oil supply lie in accessible territoi'y under full British control.

The other day, when it looked as if Italy would impede British shipping in the Mediterranean, it was clear that Britain ajxd her fleet might not be able to depend on regular supplies of oil from the Black Sea, Mesopotamia and Persia— an ugly situation, Britain is determined to find, on British territory, a major oil supply: and unlimited capital and the world’s fyest scientific knowledge are backing the search. A huge bore is. going down in England, near Portsmouth; they are drilling intensively in Taranaki, in New Zealand; four notable bores are now being put down in Australia —two in N.S.W. (Penrith and Kulnura) and two in Queensland (Arcadia and Hutton Creek).

But one of the Empire's most impressive efforts is being made now in New Guinea, and especially in Papua. Let Mr. E. L. Walter tell the story. Mr.

Walter, who is associated with Oil Search Ltd., gave a broadcast address from 2GB Sydney recently; and this is what he said about Papua and New Guinea: — New Guinea includes some of the largest unexplored virgin areas with oil possibilities in the world. There, without detracting from the prospects of the mainland, it is reasonable to suppose that oil wells just as spectacular as those elsewhere in the East Indies can be our inheritance.

In these times of keen rivalry for oil reserves it is little short of amazing that this great prospective oil region in New Guinea has been so entirely out of the picture. The answer is unfavourable Oil Ordinances which, previous to the recent revisions, have not been such as to attract major overseas companies. All is changed now, and New Guinea is rapidly being portioned out to powerful interests.

To those who may remember the investigations carried on previous to 1930 by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company Limited, financed by the Commonwealth Government, I would refer them to the voluminous geological reports following that work. These show how very small an area was covered by the surveys.

According to Mr. B. K. N. Wyllie, senior geologist to the Anglo-Persian Oil. Company Limited, less than 10,000 square mpes were geologically surveyed, and of that less than 1,000 square miles in detail.

The continuity of the work initiated by the Anglo-Persian geologists in the Mandated Territory has been assured by the activities of Oil Search Limited. This Company has pushed geological surveys continuously for several years, and the work, still in progress, is claimed to have reached the decisive stage.

The revised regulations governing the search for oil in New Guinea were set forth recently in the Australian newspapers. The important point is that they provide for the granting of Exclusive Permits, each not exceeding an area of 20,000 square miles, to qualified British Companies. These Permits are renewable on a year to year basis, subject to commitments in the way of expenditure and achievement. (Continued overleaf) 47 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Sir George Pearce, when notifying the granting of Exclusive Permits covering an aggregate area of 52,000 square miles in Papua, stated that —“The conditions of a Permit make it necessary for the permittee to conduct a thorough and energetic search, and it was hoped that the seach would lead to the discovery of petroleum in payable quantities in the Territories.” This is a hope with every promise of fulfilment, providing the search is thorough and energetic.

The Permits issued to date in Papua which cover an area of 52,000 square miles, have been allocated as follows; One of 20,000 square miles in the Western and Delta Divisions of the Territory, goes to Papua Oil Development Ltd.; a similar area, in the same district, to Island Explorations Company Pty. Ltd. and a third in the Gulf and Delta Divisions to Oriomo Oil Limited. This latter Permit covering 12,000 square miles will be worked by Oil Search Limited.

The stage, now set for the thorough and energetic search essential to success, emphasises the regard in which the oil prospects of Papua are held. Nothing can be more impressive to the public than to know that the activities of Papua Oil Development Co. Ltd. are to be conducted under the auspices of the Shell Company, and the activities of Island Explorations Co. are under the auspices of the Vacuum Oil Company. These powerful companies, through manifesting such keen interest in the acquisition of Permits in Papua, give a lead to the people of Australia that must be followed.

Fully as much interest also is displayed in the acquisition of Permits in the Mandated Territory. The outcome, soon to be announced by the Minister, is awaited with interest. Oil Search Limited will, presumably, be generously dealt with, considering the advanced stage of the geological explorations of that company in the Sepik District south of the Torricelli Mountains, which have been so diligently pushed during the past several years.

The New Guinea Gazette, No. 433, dated January 15, 1936, takes in an additional area of 2,200 square miles there previously “uncontrolled,” with a population exceeding 20,000. It is only proper to state that this has been made possible through the activities of Oil Search Limited’s survey parties, which have contributed greatly to the establishment of friendly relations with the native inhabitants.

Japanese Soapmakers In North China THE following paragraph from an American shipping journal was published recently in the bulletin 5f the Fiji Coconut Planters’ Union: “Time marches on in the Far East — and so does the Japanese army of trade.

“From Shanghai comes the report that Japanese soap manufacturers have just purchased the Lever Brothers (British) Velvet Soap Company, which has been operating in China for a long time, and announced plans to build a large soap factory in North China.

“The Japanese decided it was impossible to sell a large quantity of soap in China when there is an import duty of 30 per cent. Hence, the Japanese will evade the duty by owning and operating their own plants in China.”

Cement For New Guinea

THERE has been quite a row in official circles in Australia because the Administration of New Guinea in June last bought 1,000 casks of Japanese cement.

Labour members of the Commonwealth Parliament have been asking Federal ministers why the Administration bought the Japanese instead of the Australian product.

Sir George Pearce, the responsible minister, said that quotations, closing on June 26, were invited, but that no brand of cement was specified. The only quotations submitted were for Japanese and Danish cement, and the Administration ordered “Onoda” cement at 9/5| per cask, c.i.f.e., Rabaul.

Then members asked the name of the newspaper in which the Government notice was published inviting the quotations.

The Minister said that tenders were not called, but quotations were invited by the N.G. Administration. Probably, continued the Minister, the importers dealing in this commodity in Rabaul were invited to submit prices.

Senator Collings (Queensland): The cement interests in Australia were not aware of the matter.

The Minister: They could not have supplied it, in any case. 48 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Extraordinary Political Ferment Follows “Reforms” of “Goodwill Mission”

W/ESTERN SAMOA is in a ferment again.

For several years, while Samoa was ruled in muddle-headed fashion by a Conservative New Zealand government, a fierce agitation was maintained by the Mau (otherwise the radicals, or nationalists, or revolutionaries), one leader of which was Mr. O. F. Nelson, who was deported.

Then a Socialist (government took power in N.Z. It returned Mr. Nelson to Samoa, and sent there also a well-intentioned, footling “Goodwill Mission,” which gave political recognition to the Mau, and allowed that body to understand that it virtually would govern Samoa in future. That was in July last.

The “Mission” went back to New Zealand, and said that it had settled all Samoa’s troubles and established political peace.

The P.I.M. challenged that statement, and asserted that the Mission had made confusion worse confounded. The Prime Minister of N.Z., in September, said that the Editor of the P.I.M. did not know what he was talking about. Since then; — 1. The Mau has taken charge of the Samoan native parliament (fono), and has behaved in so high-handed and irresponsible a fashion that it has aroused the sharp hostility of both the European and the moderate Samoan communities. 2. The European community has formed anew party to protect itself. 3. The moderate Samoan section, angered especially by an insult to High Chief Malietoa, is forming anew Party to resist the Mau.

The New Fono Causes

A STIR From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Oct. 22.

AMONG the concessions granted to the Samoans during the visit of the New Zealand “Goodwill Mission” in July was the election of a new Native Parliament (Fono of Faipule ) by the various districts of Samoa, to be convened on September 30. The previous parliament, which consisted of Faipule appointed by the Administrator, and in consequence composed of “loyalists” only, was to continue in session, conjointly with the newly elected parliament, until the close of its regular legislative period (another 18 months) with the proviso that if the old Faipule resigned, they were to be paid for these 18 months at their normal rate of pay, £10 per year.

On September 30 the new Fono was opened at Mulinu’u. The Acting Administrator (Mr. A. C. Turnbull) was present.

The 34 former “loyalist” Faipule sat with the newly elected Faipule, numbering 39.

At the close of the first session it was announced that the old Faipule would resign and leave the field to the new Faipule.

The former were then paid for their un- ,expired 18 months (£15 each —a total of £510).

The new Fono, composed of 31 Mau members and 8 “loyalists,” then despatched a wireless message to the Prime Minister of New Zealand, asking a guarantee that the new method of electing the Faipule, instead of appointing them, should be fixed by legislation in N.Z.

On receipt of this guarantee the Fono resumed its sittings.

Through its appointed speaker, a young chief named Alipia, who is a prominent member of the Mau, the Fono then decided to radio the following remits to the N.Z.

Government: 1. That the High Chiefs, Malietoa and Tuimalealiifano, be appointed Fautua (advisers to the Government) and that Mr.

O. ,P. Nelson be appointed Fa’atonu (Adviser and liaison officer between the Administration and the Samoans) and that the two Fautua and the Fa’atonu together attend and take part in the Fono. 2, That all Chinese be sent away from Samoa.

The Prime Minister replied, approving of the appointment of the two Fautua. Regarding the appointment of Mr. Nelson, he said that Mr. Nelson could stand as a European candidate for the next election to the Legislative Council. If, however, he wanted to act as Samoan representative, Fa’atonu or Faipule, he must change his status to that of a Samoan, or act as adviser to the Faipule in an unofficial capacity.

Regarding the Chinese problem, the Prime Minister stated that the present contract with the Chinese labourers does not expire for a year and that the “Goodwill Delegation” has recommended for consideration that no further contract with Chinese be made.

The Fono proceeded.

(Continued On Page 50)

49 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1939

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A Matter Of Fees

During the visit of the “Goodwill Mission” the Man had agreed to an annual payment of £ls for each Faipulc and, in addition, a sustenance allowance of 8/per day.

This did not prevent the Faipule from suddenly proposing that their pay be £6O per annum and a sustenance allowance of 14/- per day, and from haggling for several days over these new demands.

Eventually, they made their claim £36 per annum (subject to investigation by a special Finance Board) plus sustenance allowance of 8/- per day.

Alipia criticised the high salaries of European officials as compared with the small remuneration of native officials.

The Acting Administrator replied that the European officials had to be paid according to the work they performed, and their ability, and that the rates were similar to those paid in other territories. In any event, the officials were appointed by New Zealand, and the Fono had no control over them.

Alipia said that the European officials were paid with the money of the Samoans.

Mr. Turnbull replied that the money came also from Europeans.

Insult To Malietoa

A remit was advanced by the Fono, to appoint as Samoan members of the Legislative Council Mr. Nelson (Taisi), Faumuina Fiame, Tamasese and Tualatula; and to ask the present Samoan representative in the Council (Hon. Malietoa Tanu, 0.8. E.) to resign.

A letter was read from the representatives of the Malietoa Family—the highest and most influential clan of ancient Royal blood —lodging a solemn and dignified protest against the unprecedented action of the Fono, in proposing to deny representation in the highest offices of the country to the Malietoa family.

A dramatic scene then took place.

In spite of endeavours of the Fono, to induce him to withdraw and to disregard the protest, High Chief Malietoa, in a passionate and impressive speech, reviewed the, long years of service he had given to Samoa.

“J have not been appointed by you Faipule,” he exclaimed, “but by the King of England, and the Government of New Zealand, and my services and work for Samoa have been recognised by the award of the Order of the British Empire. What is your reason for trying to remove me from my office? I shall not resign at your request and just to make room for somebody else.”

Prime Minister’S Reply

The matter was left at that; but the Fono pressed upon the N.Z. Government its wish that Mr. Nelson should be one of its representatives on the Council.

By this time the Prime Minister of N.Z. was getting a little w-eary of it. On October 16, this clear and concise despatch from him was read to the Fono :— “Imperative that Government should be appraised of any difference existing among the Samoans in order that it may be possible to assist in amicable settlement of such difficulties.

“Regarding Samoan representatives on the Legislative Council, Malietoa’s position was never in question and definite understanding of Goodwill Mission was that number of representatives was to be increased to four, making it necessary to consider three new appointments.

“By virtue of his status as a European, Mr. Nelson is not eligible for appointment to such a position and, therefore, he cannot be accepted as a nominee.

“Tamasese, Faumuina, and Tuala are eligible and acceptable, and Government’s intention is that when their appointments are confirmed they will hold office until next election.

“With regard to request of Faipules that Malietoa be asked to relinquish his position on the Council, the Government would greatly regret omission from the Council of representative of extensive and important Malietoa line.”

Administrator Is Firm

This was not accepted gracefully by the Fono. The speaker, Alipia, in sharp contrast with the usual courteous and dignified speech of the Samoan orator, went so far as to blame the Acting-Administrator for lack of consideration and goodwill to the Fono, and in a disrespectful tone he demanded that a wireless message be sent to the N.Z. Government asking for the im- 50 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Mr. Turnbull strongly reprimanded Alipia for the lack of respect and courtesy he had shown, which offended against all Samoan tradition and dignity. He told the Fono that he would not be intimidated by anybody, and would do his duty to the Government.

The demand for anew Administrator was not mentioned again.

The Fono, early, had discussed the reorganisation of Native Government, the re-election of Pulenu’us (Village heads) and the election of native district plantation inspectors, native district judges, native village policemen and native clerks, all of which offices had been abolished during the last 10 years owing to the political dissension amongst the natives.

An interesting episode occurred when Speaker Alipia criticised the despatch of wireless reports to the N.Z. Government by the Acting Administrator, informing the Government of remits and discussions, before final decisions were reached by the Fono.

The Acting Administrator sharply declared that this statement was unwarranted, as he was in duty bound to report important matters as they occurred, and he would not submit his reports to the censorship of the Fono.

For the same reason, the Fono attempted to prevent the despatch of press wireless reports dealing with debates and discussions.

Demand For Delegation

The remit of the Fono , on October 19, that the European district officers and constables should be withdrawn and replaced by native Samoan officials, caused new difficulties.

The Acting Administrator was unable to give the Faipule any definite information concerning the attitude of the N.Z. Government in the matter.

The Faipule then requested the Acting Administrator to inform the Prime Minister by wireless, that, in view of failure to reach an understanding on various important questions in connection with the re-organisation of Government services, the Fono wished to despatch a delegation to New Zealand to discuss personally the various remits of the Fono with the Prime Minister. They proposed a delegation of seven including the Acting Administrator, Alipia, Lieataua, Taisi (Mr. Nelson), Tamasese, Faaumuina, Vuiamato (Mr. Amato Stowers, President of the Local-Born Labour Party). Mr. Stowers was subsequently dropped from the list of nominees, and High Chief Malietoa added.

The Prime Minister’s lengthy reply was read to the Fono on October 22. He said that the N.Z. Government was extremely disappointed to learn of the suspicious attitude adopted by the Faipule towards the Administration. The views of the Government had been made clear by the “Goodwill Mission” and it was regretted that the Fono did not appear to be willing to accept those assurances in the spirit in which they were given by the Mission.

“In the considered opinion of the Government,” proceeded the despatch, “a delegation of Samoans to New' Zealand is quite unnecessary and if events prove that there ought to be direct contact between Samoan representatives and the N.Z. Government it would be more effective and convenient for Government representatives again to visit Samoa.

“The Government wants to know whether the Faipule really appreciate the advantage accruing to them from their direct association with New Zealand. Tonga, for instance, is in a much worse position and has no shipping facilities similar to Samoa, but has to pay a monthly subsidy of £2OO to be able to export bananas, which subsidy has to be borne by the growers.

“The decisions given to the remits of the Fono and conveyed by the Acting Administrator are the decisions of the N.Z. Government, which has not only the benefit of the Acting Administrator’s sympathetic attitude towards and knowledge of Samoa, but also the advantage of advice from the Goodwill Mission.

“The Prime Minister conveys the sincere hope that for the remainder of this Fono business will be conducted in that spirit of co-operation which was so manifest during the visit of the delegation, and that such business can be concluded within the next few days.”

The Fono decided to take time off to consider this despatch; and the latest development is that a petition embodying the Fono demands, and signed by all the Faipule, will be sent by this mail to the N.Z. Government,

“Government Inspectors! ”

The members of the new Mau Fono had to wait three days for a despatch from New 51 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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With the permission of the Acting-Administrator, they visited various Government departments, offices, the hospital, various schools and the Vaimea prison.

They were carted around in three large motor buses, and apparently immensely enjoyed their new dignity as “Government Inspectors”—though their activities did not exactly please the inspected Government officials. (Reports of further proceedings by the Fono. after October 19, are published on page 61.).

Chinese Labour Question Europeans Form a New Party THE unexpected attitude of the Mau regarding the employment of Chinese labourers in Samoa has stirred up the European community which has formed itself into a party for its own protection.

It is estimated that about one third of the Samoan natives are not in sympathy with the Mau, and probably will give some sort of support to the Europeans.

It is difficult to guess what has swayed the Mau leaders in their attitude on the Chinese question, in which for 34 years the Samoans have shown little or no interest.

The case for the planters in favour of the retention of Chinese labour has been clearly stated to the N.Z. Government’s Mission and subsequently in petitions and representations to the Prime Minister—by the planters by the European-elected members of the Council, and by the Apia Chamber of Commerce.

The native Samoans have never objected to the employment of Chinese labourers by the planters, even when there were several thousand coolies working here. The present number has dwindled to 400, who are hardly sufficient to do the necessary plantation work. Mr. O. F. Nelson has repeatedly expressed himself in favour of retaining Chinese plantation labour, as the Samoans, instead of being hired labourers, should extend their own plantations, renew their planting, and start new cultivations on the large areas of land available to them.

The planters decided to organise a party whose aims would be “to foster and protect the planting interests and promote to the utmost the material and moral well-being and the social progress of the inhabitants of the Territory” in the terms of the Mandate over Western Samoa. The planters considered that their. vital interests, and consequently the interests of all the inhabitants of the territory, were seriously threatened# by the unprecedented and unprovoked interference of the Fono of Faipule in the economic affairs of the European inhabitants.

A large meeting of European residents at the Tivoli Theatre on October 16, after a convincing speech by the convener, Mr.

A. R. Cobcroft, decided to form a new party to safeguard the economic and political interests of the European residents, as laid down in the terms of the Mandate.

Several speakers pointed out that their interests were very seriously endangered by the avowed intention of the N.Z. Government to deprive the planting industry, which is a basic industry on which all Europeans depend for their livelihood and existence, of essential and indispensable labour.

The name of the new party is the United Progressive Party of Western Samoa. The appeal to the European population was signed by about 150 of the more prominent settlers, mainly planters, traders and business men. Rules were adopted and an executive elected, of which Mr. A. R. Cobcroft is chairman, Mr. R. P. Berking, vicepresident, and Hon. I. H. Carruthers, Messrs. Bruce, Wetzell, Meyer, Williams, Harrington and Brighouse, members of committee.

During the debate, Mr. Carruthers pointed out that the Samoans would not and should never work on the European plantations as day labourers —an occupation for which the Chinese coolie had proved himself eminently suitable. The Santoans had large holdings of their own and it was preferable that they should extend and intensively work these holdings, instead of working for the Europeans. The freeborn Samoan, indeed, was born for something better than to be a labourer.

On learning of the demand of the Fono majority to send a delegation to New Zealand, the President and Vice-President of the newly-formed party waited upon the Acting Administrator and lodged a strong protest against the sending of any delegation to New Zealand at the expense of the taxpayers of the Territory. In case, however, of a delegation being approved by the N.Z. Government, they claimed equal representation for the European residents.

(Continued On Next Page)

52 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Party Slight to Malietoa Bitterly Resented TWO factors —both created by the highhanded Mau majority in the new Fono —are now operating to bring a new party into existence, and create disunity where, professedly, only unity was sought.

The influential Malietoa faction strongly resents the slight to the Malietoa family, conveyed in the Man's demand for the resignation of the High Chief Malietoa from his position as a member of the Legislative Council.

The policy of the Mau leaders, in trying to remove all Samoan chiefs not in sympathy with the Mau Movement, from positions of influence, has already caused deep anger among all moderate sections of the Samoan population—especially in view of the professed desire of the Mau leaders to promote unity. They are supported by the Mataafa section.

The dissatisfied Samoans are at the present time busy organising themselves into an opposition party to the Mau, which is to be called the “National Party” and is to have a flag and a uniform of its own.

One special grievance is that the Mau, in contradiction of all former Samoan policies, has attempted again and again, to force the appointment of a European of mixed descent, Mr. O. F. Nelson, as Fa’atonu, or virtual dictator, upon the whole of the Samoan people, while trying to push aside the hereditary leader and highest chief in the country, High Chief Malietoa Tanu.

The respect for tradition and time-hallowed hereditary customs, and loyalty to the old ruling houses of Samoan royalty are still very much alive among Samoan people, and thus the Fono’s insult to the head of the Malietoa clan, rankles very deeply.

It is possible that this will mean the break-up of the Mau, and that there will be wholesale desertions from the Mau to the new party.

It is certain that serious dissensions among the Samoan natives are imminent.

Mr. Nelson Explains Position jVI R. O. F. NELSON has kindly explained to me, for publication, his personal attitude regarding the difficult and delicate situation that has arisen.

“I returned to Samoa,” said Mr. Nelson, “with the intention to devote my time to business and other personal affairs which have suffered so materially during my enforced exile and need all the attention I can give them. The remission of my exile by the new Government of Mew Zealand was the righting of a serious wrong perpetrated upon me and the Samoans by previous Governments; but this does not lessen my appreciation for the action of the present Government in my return to Samoa, a freer man than when I left.

“So, when I found that the Samoans insisted on my helping them in giving cooperation, and that the Government in Wellington and the Administration here expected me to play my part in the inauguration of the new policy as set down by the Goodwill Mission .... I was left no choice but to fill what position was offered me, where I felt my services would be useful towards reconciling the differences that might arise.

“That was why I reluctantly submitted to the urgent pleadings of the Samoans to allow my name to be placed among the representatives of the Samoans in the various councils which were to be set up —though this would press more heavily on my time than my own affairs can spare.

This was on the understanding that the Goodwill Mission’s assurance to the Samoans regarding my freedom to take part in Samoan native affairs (published in the New Zealand press before I left New Zealand) extended to the nomination and election of myself to a seat on the Fono of Faipule, the Legislative Council, and the Finance Committee. I was led to believe the Administration here would welcome my inclusion in these councils.

“When the first intimation was received from Wellington, that I would not be eligible for election as representative of 53 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Contractors to H.M. and Foreign Governments. Bentley’s Code, and ABC Code 4th and sth Editions. Telegraphic Address : "WASTOCK,” Manchester. the Samoans in these Councils unless I changed my status to that of a Samoan, but may continue to advise the Faipule and the Samoans in an unofficial capacity, I readily accepted the situation and accompanied Mr. Turnbull, the Acting Administrator, to Mulinu’u, in order to explain the position to the Faipule. Mr. Turnbull stated he would be pleased to have me attend the Fono in the unofficial capacity suggested, but the Faipule and the Samoans pressed for my official appointment to the posts named. The points raised by the Samoans were: 1. That when the Fono of Faipule became a purely Samoan body, with power to legislate for the Samoans without white representatives of the Government holding authority, there would be no room for anyone with other than Samoan status; but while the power was still in the hands O f white representatives of the Government, the Samoans should have the right to elect Samoans of part-European blood, holding European status, to become their representatives, so they may be equal in status with the white representatives on the Government side. 2. That the interpretation of the European status of part-Samoans as disclosed in the present attitude of the Government placed a disability on part-Samoans and Samoans, because full Europeans were allowed to hold offices not eligible to part- Samoans without foregoing their European status. 3. That the Samoans should not be deprived of the right to have part-Samoans represent them in public and national affairs, or help in the inauguration of the new policy, because part - Maoris have never been prevented from associating themselves with the public and national affairs of the native Maoris in New Zealand, irrespective of whether the former were of Maori or European status —such as was the case of Sir James Carroll, who became Minister of Native Affairs, while he held a seat in Parliament for a European electorate. 4. That the suggestion of the possible exploitation of native lands by part-Samoans, if allowed to represent Samoan interests while holding European status, was not justified, because the whole of the land in Samoa now held by Europeans on freehold title was originally acquired by full Europeans and not by part-Samoans, and no part of the land is known to have been received by part-Samoans as a gift from their Samoan relations. It is only in fairness to the part-Samoans of European descent that this fact should be made known.

“I nevertheless retired from the Fono and have not attended it since, but have rendered the Acting Administrator every assistance whenever I was asked for such, as undoubtedly he will be pleased to admit.

He also will admit that my presence at the Fono would have been most helpful to him in the reconciliation of the different viewpoints of the Samoans and the Administration.

Chinese Repatriation

“The white planters sent representatives to solicit my advice and assistance in bringing their case before the Samoans in regard to the retention in Samoa of the necessary number of Chinese coolies for the plantations under conditions which would remove any cause for justified complaints by the Samoans. I received the planters’ representations in a friendly spirit, as will be proved by my letter to Mr. D. R. Eden (President of the Planters’

Association) of September 30, and my letter to the Prime Minister of October 12, on the same question, copy of which was sent to Mr. Eden.

“The attitude of the Planters’ Association towards me has been most unfriendly, deliberately so in my opinion, to say the best of it, more especially in view of the sympathetic spirit, in which I have received their representations and in which I have successfully held up the Mau demand for repatriation of the Chinese from September 9 to October 6.”

“A Hornet’s Nest”

From a Special Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 20.

IAM afraid that the so-called “Goodwill Mission” stirred up a hornet’s nest here —the prospect is not good. Thanks to Mr. liangstone the natives are clamouring for self-government, and before any Government can ever get political peace in Samoa again they will have to use drastic measures.

Many of the planters would like to extend their cultivation but they are afraid to move. Cocoa-beans are worth £6O per ton on the Beach to-day; we have a good crop on the trees —but no song in our hearts!

Certain recent moves suggest that the N.Z. Government are going to proceed with the cutting up of the N.Z. Reparation Estates. Then, as they will not themselves require coolie labour to work the estates, they will have a better excuse for deporting the Chinese.

Mr. Nelson is in a difficult position. I think he is very perturbed because the new European party refused to meet him and some other Mau leaders to discuss the Chinese question. But the new party does not intend to make any compromising relationships just at present.

Mr. Maurice Scott, son of Sir Henry and Lady Scott, of Suva, Fiji, has passed his final law examination in England and has been called to the English Bar.

He will shortly join his father in the business of William Scott and Company, the oldest established legal firm in Suva.

Miss Beatrice Grimshaw, the wellknown Islands novelist and short story writer, who formerly resided in Papua, is now living in Australia. She recently purchased an old-fashioned cottage at Kelso, outside the N.S.W. country town of Bathurst; the building goes back to the early days and was constructed by convict labour. Miss Grimshaw will convert it into an attractive home. 54 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Acid In Your Blood Kills Health and Energy Kidneys Usually to Blame Nothing can so quickly undermine your health, strength, and energy as an excess of Acid in your blood. Every time you move your hand, take a step, or use even the slightest amount of energy, cells are broken down in the body and create Acids. This process goes on even when you are asleep.

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Tragi-Comedy On Galapagos

Mystery of The Disappearance of the Mad “Empress”

THE Pacific can still be the background -*• for a romantic story, stark, real, and tragic—as gruesome, indeed, as any in its long and fascinating history.

A year or so ago, the world was intrigued by the erratic behaviour of the self-styled “Empress of the Galapagos.”

The majority of American newspaper editors had never heard of remote Floreana, in that group, until 1932, when the Baroness Eloise Bosquet de Wagner Wehrborn, once of Vienna and Paris, stepped ashore there.

Strange stories drifted out to the world beyond.

The Baroness, it was said, intended to make the Galapagos islands a world summer resort: she planned to build a hotel there, and to arrange for American vessels to make them a regular port of call.

It was unfortunate for the Rittners and Wittmers, German couples who had retired to found an Eden on Floreana, that the Baroness should have selected their island.

The newcomer (who was accompanied by two other Germans, Alfred Rudolph Lorenz, her lover, and Robert Phillipson), soon made her presence felt.

Colony Of Queer People

THE Baroness affected an abbreviated costume of brassiere and silk shorts.

The pistol at her waist was often in use.

Norwegians who had settled in the group before her advent and came from otherislands to shoot fresh meat, were driven off at the revolver point. It was rumoured that one of her “subjects,” possibly an Ecuadorean peon, was killed. A couple stranded on the island during the honeymoon trip, were cast adrift again in a small open bbat.

To herself the Baroness had taken the title of “Empress.”

On occasion, her strange mania took a queer form: it was stated that she shot animals and nursed them back to life. In short, the Baroness was “copy.” The American newspapers, in particular, chronicled her queer doings, and stories of her extraordinary behaviour were published in European journals. The Baroness, incidentally, thrived on her notoriety.

Dr. Rittner, a Berlin dentist, and Frau Koerwin, had already settled on Floreana.

The Doctor, since deceased, became known as “the man with the steel teeth.”

Before leaving Germany for the paradise he sought in the Pacific he had all his teeth extracted and replaced with a set of steel. Frau Koerwin, his companion (the wife of a Berlin gymnasium professor), kept her own. They became the Adam and Eve of the Galapagos.

Next came the Wittmers, accompanied by their half-blind son in his teens.

When I was in Tahiti last year I met a young American yachtsman who had called on the Wittmers. He told me what a shock he received to find this boy perched on a lava ridge, silent, ever watchful of their movements . . .

The Wittmers sought a peaceful escape from civilisation, though in a more conventional manner than had the Rittners.

The respective families settled far away from each other: soon they were unobtrusively arranging their own lives.

A Very Lively “Triangle”

IT was into this Eden that the Baroness came. Upon her arrival she declared herself “ruler of the island.”

With the Wittmers, in particular, she was soon at enmity. Before long her domestic affairs were in an unheaval . . .

“Instead of the highly romanticised ‘love idyll’ described in the papers,” says William Albert Robinson, in his Voyage to the Galapagos, “life among the three was a festering sex-complex, culminating in a series of brawls, as the men fought with each other, and the woman cast off her lover Lorenz and took on Phillipson.

“Lorenz was too small and weak to be a match for his rival, and eventually was reduced to a sort of ‘super-scullion,’ a slave to the other two.” On one occasion, he was beaten so severely that he took shelter for several months with the Wittmers.

On March 28, 1934, the Wittmers heard another uproar from their neighbours. On investigating, they found Lorenz standing wild-eyed by the deserted, disordered shack.

There had been another fight, he explained, and the Baroness and Phillipson had gone off on an American yacht.

OY that time Lorenz had enough: he ** appealed to his brother in Germany to send him sufficient money to leave the Galapagos islands for ever.

One day Nuggerud, a Norwegian, called at the island in his little Dinamita with a deck hand, and collected the German. On November 17, 1934, all three were found on the barren island of Marchena, 160 miles to the north of Floreana, dead.

Something on shore attracted the attention of some American fishermen. Nearby was a dead seal. Pieces of meat had been hacked from it. There was no note explaining what had happened, and only one clue to identity—a German passport with the name of Alfred Rudolph Lorenz.

For a time it was thought that the 55 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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82-84 SUSSEX STREET, SYDNEY bodies were those of Wittmer and Lorenz My American friend in Papeete thought they were those of the Wittmers and their infant child; a parcel of baby’s clothing had been found near the corpses.

Later it was established that Phillips Lord, the American radio entertainer, had dined with the Wittmers. In time, it was proved that Nuggerud, from Indefatigable Island, was the companion of Lorenz: in assisting the latter to escape from his island ‘paradise” he, too, had found Purgatory.

Was Lorenz A Murderer?

BUT that did not explain the mysterious disappearance of the Baroness and Phillipson.

Mr. Robinson, in his new book, does not hesitate to accuse Lorenz of murdering them: — “It is impossible to say what actually happened, but I am inclined to think that Lorenz . . . brooding over his troubles . . . consumed with hatred, ' conceived his revenge. . . . When an opportune moment came he killed them, probably at night while they were sleeping. Either one of the other w r as more than a match for him, so he would be taking no chances ...”

How he disposed of the bodies may never be known. If he buried them in a crevice in the rocks they may yet be discovered: if he placed them in a small boat and sent them to sea by the never-failing current that sweeps past Floreana, or cast them to the sharks, there will probably be no sequel.

However, one thing is certain —Lorenz paid dearly for his crime.

THE story of the “Empress of the Galapagos” is, however, only incidental to Mr. Robinson’s fascinating account of his ill-fated trip in the Svaap. The book is full of “meat,” and eminently quotable.

Equally exciting is the author’s account of the loss of his little craft and how he, too, nearly left his bones —he was a victim to appendicitis—among those rugged, lonely islands. Throughout the book, incidentally, he pays tribute to the courage, companionship, and ability of his young wife.

When I saw them on the foreshore of the lagoon on the western side of Tahiti, planning the home facing the dramatic peaks of Moorea (in which he has since written this racy account), one could not have conceived that the slim, attractive, golden-headed Mrs. Robinson could have faced such perilous adventure.

For those who have the enterprise, the vision—and perhaps the wherewithal —the Pacific Ocean still has adventure enough to call a young couple of the calibre and resourcefulness of the Robinsons. The only prosaic thing about Mr. Robinson is his name.

ERIC RAMSDEN, (VOYAGE TO GALAPAGOS, by William Albert Robinson, Jonathan Cape, London. Our review copy from Angus and Robertson, Castlereagh Street, Sydney.)

“Hospital Week” Helps

L.M.S. In Papua

From Our Own Correspondent PT. MORESBY, Oct. 8.

A NOVEL experiment was decided upon by the London Missionary Society for raising funds to continue medical work among the Papuans. An unusual amount of sickness among the Poreporena natives near Port Moresby had overtaxed the L.M.S.’s resources and rather than ask the Government for further aid, Rev.

T. Ure held a “Hospital Week.”

The idea appealed to the natives’ imagination and was an outstanding success.

Two objects were achieved; Sufficient funds were raised to cover the deficit, and the natives found an awakened interest in hygiene.

This latter interest was aroused to a great extent by largely-attended one-act plays, known as “Cautionary Tales”; by house-to-house propaganda and distribution of pamphlets printed by the Government in the native language; and by a Baby Show in which 100 mothers took part. The “Hospital Week” ended with a festival attended by 400 adults and 500 school children, every native bringing a donation for the L.M.S, Hospital’s needs.

M iss P. Brokenshire returned to Fiji to take up missionary work again, after an absence of three years in Australia, by the Mariposa on October 14. Miss Brokenshire has been appointed to take charge of the Methodist Mission’s school for Indian girls at Lautoka.

Mr. B. C. Meek, who for the past 12 years has been principal of the Methodist Mission’s agricultural farm at Navuso, Fiji, will retire shortly, and will return to Australia. He has rendered fine service in the agricultural development of the Colony and many of his students are scattered in various parts of Fiji and other Pacific Islands carrying on the valuable work of agriculture. Mrs. Meek, who holds the degrees of M.A. and Dip. Ed., was the -first headmistress of the Davuilevu Practising School, the forerunner of the now well-known Davuilevu Teachers’ Training Institution. 56 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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ANAESTHETIST”

Work In Isolated Hospitals DO medical men in well-equipped and well-staffed city hospitals ever think of the conditions under which their confreres work in some of those isolated Islands stations?

The speculation is induced by a paragraph in the report of Dr. Clifford James, in charge of the Melanesian Mission’s hospital at Fauabu, North Mala, British Solomon Islands. This medical officer has a sense of humour. One chuckles with him as he describes his troubles in inducing the local natives not to “pinch” the hospital’s modest crop of tapioca.

How would Dr. Macquarie Street like to work under these conditions:— “Anaesthetics are always an interesting subject to the medical officers of missions (says Dr. James) for the simple reason that we have to be our own anaesthetist, and our own surgeon at the same time.

Therefore any of these new-fangled things needing specialists and special apparatus for their administration are ruled out.

“Chloroform is too poisonous, and needs too much care in its administration to make it a fair deal to ask a nurse to give it.

“With these people, who talk a different language, and who do not react as white people do, such things as Evipan, Avertin, and the basal analgesics, I have found most difficult to judge the dose. To have to fall back on general anaesthesia to make up the shortage and to keep the patient under is no use where we are trying to avoid having an anaesthetist. We have therefore, to develop local anaesthetic methods coupled with morphine and atropine.

“Spinal anaesthesis is excellent, and I have had no casualties with it, though now and then, with patients with poor ‘vitality’ and low blood pressure, we have had to put them into a Trendellenburg, which is almost vertical, to counteract the fall in blood pressure. This occurred with Novocaine, but with Percaine made up with Glucose so as to make a heavy solution, the anaesthesia is much more under control. , The site of puncture, the speed of injection, and the amount given, and the way in which the patient is lying, are the important factors.

“I ‘do’ arm operations under local anaesthesia by injecting Novocaine into the brachial plexus above the clavicle. I have found it most satisfactory. This gives anaesthesia to the shoulder. The spinal anaesthetic will give anaesthesia to above the nipples, and much of the head and neck can be ‘done’ under local, but there is a residue which needs, as well as the local anaesthetic, some other general anaesthetic, such as avertin and/or chloroform.”

All of which conveys little to the layman, but will be read with interest by persons with medical knowledge.

Miss F. N. Inman, of the Australian Board of Missions teaching staff in Papua, returned to Samarai by the October Montoro after spending furlough in Tasmania and Victoria.

Mr. Thomas Lockhead, who had been living in retirement at Tailevu, Fiji, died in the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, on October 8, at the age of 79. A retired N.Z. civil servant, he went to Fiji in 1921, and for a while was in the clerical branch of the Public Works Department at Levuka.

New Papuan Goldfield

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Oct. 29.

INTEREST in the Astrolabe field still holds the attention of residents in Papua and, following the favourable reports* of Mandated Alluvials, further applications have been lodged for gold mining leases.

On September 22, a mineral lease (30 acres) No. 134, known as “Merigeda,” was applied for by T. L. Sefton; and on September 30, two gold mining leases, No. 19 and 20 (10 acres each), known as “Gahibera” and “Borobo,” near and on Sapphire Creek, by E. P. Hitchcock; while E.

Evans applied for a renewal of extension of his prospecting area known as A.S.O. on Musgrave River.

In the Warden’s Court, early in October, an application by Mandated Alluvials N.L. for a water right of 200 ground sluiceheads, to obtain water from the Laloki River, at a point about 150 feet above the crest of Rouna Falls, in order to generate power by turbine for mining purposes, was granted.

On October 13, in the Warden’s Court, the following applications were made: For mineral leases No. 135 and No. 137, known as the “Naumakala” (89 acres) and the “Naumakala Extended” (60 acres) — both leases situated on the Laloki River.

Applicant: T. L. Sefton.

Application No. 136 for mineral lease known as “Maia-koi-ani” (100 acres) situated on the Laloki River. Applicant: F.

A. Roberg.

Mr. J. C. Sedgers, one of Messrs. W. R.

Carpenter and Co.’s inspectors in New Guinea, sailed from Townsville, Queensland, for Rabaul by the Montoro on October 26.

Mr. J. P. Blaikie Webster, head of New Guinea Goldfields Limited, departed from Brisbane for the Morobe goldfield, New Guinea, by the Montoro on October 23. 57 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Mrs. E. W. P. Chinnery, wife of the well-known Director of Native Affairs in New Guinea, arrived in Australia by the Neptuna in October. . Mademoiselle Renee Hamon, a special feature writer for the Paris journal, Intransigeant, left Noumea, New Caledonia, by the Eridan on October 18 for Papeete. She will spend three or four months writing in Tahiti and will then return to New Caledonia.

Pattern Service

WE have arranged with a well-known Sydney firm of pattern - cutters to publish each month a diagram of a seasonable frock, patterns of which may be obtained by our readers direct from this office, post free, on payment of the sum stated under the diagram. Address your letter to “Pattem,” Pacific Islands Monthly, Box 3408 R, Sydney, and enclose a note giving the number of the pattern wanted and bust size, and enclose also the price of the pattern in postal note or stamps. The pattern will be sent by return mail. 3057 —A gay frock for semi-sport. The novel shaping of the front and the fastening will appeal to the outdoor girl. Sleeves have a seam on the shoulders where they show an inverted pleat.

Skirt has a plain back and features a pleat down the centre front. Material (for 36 in. bust) : 3 yds. 36 ins. wide. Bust sizes 32 to 40 ins.

Ladies’ Hockey in Fiji From a Special Correspondent.

SUVA. Oct. 16.

FAST play throughout marked the Annual Women’s Hockey match between Suva and Levuka for the Muir Cup, played here on October 5. Good saves by both goalkeepers resulted in the match being a scoreless draw.

Suva’s team, which included members of the side that toured New Zealand during July and August, was: Miss L. Sutherland (Captain), Miss L. Storck (goalkeeper), Mrs. M. Fenn, Miss E.

Eastgate, Miss M. Molloy, Miss O. Foreman, Miss F. Wilson, Miss E. Boyer, Miss E. Hopwell, Miss M. Watson, and Miss J. Harman.

Levuka’s representatives comprised: Miss L.

Whitcombe (Captain), Mrs. J. Williams (goalkeeper), Miss A. Williams, Miss V. Crooks, Miss J. Leveny, Miss C. Sword, Miss A. A’Costa, Miss L. Doughty, Miss A. Sinclair, Miss L. Levy, Mrs.

A. Wendt.

Frock, 305 7—1s. 1d. 58 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Fashion Hints for Islands Women By Therese OUT of every page of history, from every nation of the world, steps a costume ready for adaptation to Fashion’s present demand for variety.

Straight from an old-world picture steps an ensemble of lace with waspish waist emphasised by the full pleated skirt beneath. The jacket has wide built-up shoulders with tapering sleeves, and a ruffle of tulle stands high at the collar line.

A striking gown of black chiffon is diamond-pin tucked to the knees, and flutes out to the floor in knife pleats, which are repeated in the swaggering cape, hip length at front, knee length at back.

Beaded, brocaded, and sequin scattered gowns go glittering on their brilliant way.

Dull materials gleam unexpectedly with gold or silver thread.

A gown of parchment satin encrusted with iridescent pearls in floral design, floats to success on an angel wing scarf in the same parchment shade.

A heliotrope taffeta gown tucks a bunch of violets in its low decolletage, and spreads accordeon pleats fan-wise in the back of the skirt.

“Bustle along there!” says Dame Fashion, so we add bustles of every variety to our evening clothes and are enchanted with the result.

A charming informal party frock has short puff sleeves and a posy of flowers caught at the Peter Pan collar. A little girl sash of contrasting colour ties bustle fashion at the back. An aureole of tiny blossoms wreathes the hair.

Angel sleeves and cowl neck are features of the frock evolved in lace of cobweb fineness. Slim fitting, it flares to fulness from the knees. A large multi-coloured posy tucks in the waist, and multi-coloured ribbons float gaily to the floor.

A column-slim gown of black satin shrieks sophistication with its high neck line ending in two peaks, its full shouldered sleeve tapering to slimness, shaping to a peak over the hand. The bodice is peaked at waistline.

In her more feminine moods she panders to her own weakness with scarves, since they are the dernier cri. Not the plain, straight pieces that have hitherto meant scarves, but frills and shirrs and soft petal effects.

Yoked together in common cause of chic, woman yet manages to achieve individuality with yokes square, round, turreted or whatever shape her ingenuity may devise. Her bodices are tucked or gathered, thus following the decree for fulness above the waist.

White in the dominant note for summer clothes. An all white foundation wardrobe would be a delightful possession and offer tremendous scope for two or even three colour contrasts. Loose stroller coats, gay fluttering scarves, matching belts and shoes, slave bangles—three, four, or half a dozen of them—add a brilliant touch of colour to the cool white frock and give it an individuality all its own.

Blouses and capes have become very chic dinner wear and a well-cut satin skirt can be topped by blouses of infinite variety.

The cape matches the skirt and the blouse adds contrast. A marvellous idea! Evening blouses are of chiffon, taffetas, lame, and lace; while blouses for day are in sheer linens, voiles, hail-spot muslins, and washing silks.

A hail-spot muslin blouse features a crisp jabot and full sleeves caught in a pintucked band above the elbow. A blouse with a flared cross-over front is tied at the waist with a bow, and has rows of stitching as a trimming note. A sports overblouse has comfortable extended shoulders, and front and back pleats for freedom of movement. Cut in one with the blouse, the sleeves of a sheer linen frock are pintucked where they join the joke.

A white dress of uncrushable linen trims itself with large pointed revers of navy, braided with white. A strip of navy trims the pocket and a jaunty sailor hat with navy band gives its salute to chic.

A string linen suit dons a green spotted overblouse with wide belt of green suede.

Bows bob up with complete charm to match the white peaked collar on a blue and white spotted frock. A white sailor hat, navy and white shoes, and white gloves are the attractive accessories.

A buttercup yellow frock laces its raglan sleeves to the bodice and repeats the same note on the hip-line. The skirt is given fulness by box pleats back and front.

A check design, in two shades of blue on a hail-spot muslin ground, has a square neck buttoning across the front, which is

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Amusing accessories keep interest alive.

Chic suede and patent belts have quaint fastenings. Buttons come in infinite variety—acorns, flowers, keys, animals, etc. — giving individuality to the simplest frock.

Initials pinned to the lapels and embroidered monograms on scarves, pockets and belts are all important.

Trailing evening handkerchiefs of chiffon have appliqued velvet or beaded initials.

Colourful scarves do dual duty. They tie about the neck or swathe the waist.

Hats are delightful. Simple little hats with tailored bands rely solely on stiffened eye veils for effect. Small skull caps with top-knots of ribbon or flowers are thrust on the back of the head for evening wear.

Tropical felts in pastel shades are delightful. They are flower or ribbon trimmed and the brims are wide and adaptable.

Mr. and Mrs. D. Butler departed from Western Samoa for New Zealand to spend furlough by the Matua on October 28.

Mr. Butler is manager of the Apia branch of the Union Steam Ship Co. of New Zealand Ltd.

Better Standard Of

LIVING Advance of Gilbert and Ellice Natives AN appreciable advance by the Gilbert and Ellice Islanders in their standard of living has been noted and recorded in the Colony’s Annual Report on Education for 1935 by Mr. F. G. L. Holland (Superintendent of Education).

“Contrasting the conditions of 16 years ago with those of to-day, the improved attitude of parents and others towards hygiene, care of the home, and infant welfare cannot but be viewed with satisfaction,” he wrote. “Almost everywhere more general cleanliness, a higher standard of food preparation, and better attention to children can be observed.

“There is room, of course, for great improvement still,” he continued. “But native development during nearly two decades, although disturbed by the economic depression, has been considerable, and the social future of the Colony seems promising if the full educational work of administrator, doctor, missionary, and teacher can be maintained.”

Increase In Population

Statistical information appended to the Education Report shows that there has been a satisfactory increase in the population of the Group, and that in 1935 there were 33,713 people in the Colony. Compared with 1934, the figures are: Gilbertese, 29,291 (28,654); Ellice Islanders, 4,154 (4,042); Europeans, 244 (254); Chinese (exclusive of indentured labourers), 24 (41).

Papuan Mission Station

BURNED THE village of Divari, near Dogura, Papua, where the Anglican Missionary Training College for native clergy is situated, has been destroyed by fire, according to news received in Melbourne in November by the Australian Board of Missions.

The college, school, church, warden’s house and a house for mission students were among the buildings burned. There was no insurance on the property.

Japanese Pearlers Find Rich Shell Patch LATEST reports from Darwin say that Japanese pearlers found a rich patch of pearl shell inside territorial limits, about 300 miles east of Darwin, where charts show only eleven fathoms of water.

So many Japanese have bought charts of territory waters that a temporary shortage exists. The Japanese say that when they have cleaned out the present patch they will visit the West Australian coasts to get shell there.

Mr. J. B. Wright, of New Zealand, arrived at Apia, Samoa, by the Maui Pomare on October 15 to relieve Mr. W. H.

Roberts, Treasury Department Clerk, who will leave the Territory in December.

His Lordship Bishop Leonard S. Kempthorne (Bishop in Polynesia) arrived in Western Samoa from Fiji on a visit to the Anglican diocese in Apia by the steamer Antigone in October. 60 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Samoan Demands

Attitude Towards Chinese From Our Own Correspondent, APIA, Oct. 28.

THE Fono of Faipule continued its sittings last week, (See report on page 49 of this issue).

On October 23 the Fono sent a lengthy resolution to the Acting Administrator (Mr. A. C. Turnbull) expressing deep regret that the N.Z. Government would not permit a delegation of Samoans to visit New Zealand and emphasising that all their remits and requests were based on the agreement reached between the Mau and the “Goodwill Mission.”

The Fono asked for a large increase in the district and village officials of native birth employed by the Administration— that is, from 178 to 384, representing an increase in expenditure from £1,834 to £6,161.

The Fono asked that Samoans be employed on banana inspection.

The Acting Administrator said he would employ anyone irrespective of race or creed, if he had the necessary qualifications. He reminded the Fono that the banana industry would not have been possible without the assistance of New Zealand in providing a means of transport—• the N.Z. taxpayers actually had financed the banana industry.

The Faipule indicated great anxiety about the Europeans’ strong opposition to the demand for the repatriation of all Chinese. They said that the Samoans since 1902 had not liked the system of indentured Chinese labour, but had not previously objected, out of respect to the wishes of the Europeans. The “Goodwill Mission,” however, told the Samoans that it was the wish of the N.Z. Government to repatriate all Chinese—and this was why the Samoans now came out and advocated repatriation. Now they found that the Europeans were disturbed and had formed a party to oppose the Samoans’ demand. The Faipule wanted to know what the position really was. Did the N.Z. Government still wish to repatriate the Chinese, or had they changed their minds?

The Acting Administrator said that the position was that the present contracts of Chinese labourers did not expire for a year, and the matter would be considered then.

The Fono continued to discuss the matter in an indefinite fashion, and Mr. Turnbull said that their representations would be considered by the Government.

The Fono asked for the formation of a Medical Board, an Education Board, and a Public Works Board on which the Samoans would be represented; for a Government dentist to be attached to the Apia Hospital; that the Samoan language be declared the official language for Samoa; that all Government officials unable to speak Samoan after one year in the country be sent back to New Zealand: that there should be second grade schools for Samoan children in all districts; that only departmental heads should be Europeans from New Zealand and that the staff be composed of half-castes and Samoans; and that small hospitals should be provided in every district.

The Faipule pointed out, in support of its claim for the employment of Samoan clerks instead of Europeans, that at present 18 white officials receive remuneration equal to the wages of 339 Samoan officials.

A request indicating an extraordinary change in the Samoans’ habits was that the members of the Fono should each be supplied with a desk and a chair and that a wooden floor be laid in the Fono house.

Since time immemorial, the Samoans have sat on their mats, which cover clean, hygienic floors of smoothed coral.

COLONISING SUNDAY IS.

From Our N.Z. Correspondent AUCKLAND, Oct. 19. proof of the determination •*- of a number of Auckland residents to colonise Sunday Island in the Kermadecs was provided by the departure of the ketch Yvonne on October 9, laden with timber, tanks, building- materials, and stores for the island. The ketch was in charge of Mr. H. B. Sorensen, and with him were Messrs. J. Boshier, J. Sneddon, and F, J. Kilver, One of the crew will remain behind on the island to carry out the carpentry work in connection wuth the building of houses for the settlers who may be taken there on subsequent trips of the Yvonne.

Mr. H. Alday, of the New Guinea District Services Department, arrived in Sydney en route to Melbourne by the Malaita from Rabaul on October 23. 61 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Rev. and Mrs. A. H. Lambton, of the New Guinea Mission. Dogura, Papua, who have been in Australia on furlough, will not be going back to their work in the Territory, as Mr. Lambton has developed serious eye trouble. Mrs. Lambton returned to Papua by the Montoro in October to finalise their affairs there.

Uniforms For Patrol

OFFICERS IT recently was brought under the " notice of the Australian Prime Minister that Patrol Officers in Papua wear no distinguishing badge as a mark of their authority, and that often this absence of identification causes them inconvenience in the execution of their duty.

The Prime Minister said that this matter would be referred to the administrative authorities.

It does seem a desirable thing that District Officers and Patrol Officers on field duty in both the Mandated Territory of New Guinea and Papua, should wear some kind of distinguishing uniform.

Such a uniform would give a note of authority—especially among native populations.

Valuable Plants

OF FIJI Notes on the Qisa Bush BY H. B. R. PARHAM THE Qisa ( Orellana Bixa), better known as the Annatto of commerce, is a very well-grown and interesting bush in Fiji.

Although its usual height does not exceed 10 or 12 feet, it sometimes attains to 20 feet. Very few insects attack the leaves, which are of an attractive green.

The flowers are pretty—larger than the wild rose of England, but similar in colour and shape, being rose-pink and white.

But it is the capsuled fruit that is of import, since it is of value for its dyeing properties. Its use in dairy work is well known, but it is also esteemed as a dye for textile goods. Its qualities in this direction have been tested and proved to be excellent.

As a dye Annatto has long been used.

The Europeans, who first visited America, found the Indians using the berries as the old-time Fijians did, to paint their bodies.

In an ancient book, more than a century old the following interesting remarks occur:— “The brilliant and showy colour of the berries of the Annatto tree attracted the attention of the settlers, who not only applied it to their own uses, but likewise converted it very speedily into an article of commerce.”

It might well become an article of commerce in Fiji to-day if its market value were more generally known, for the stems are fibrous and make good cordage.

“This tree (continued the book) produces large crops of bristled pods, which are at first of a beautiful rose colour, but turn to a dark brown when ripe, when they burst open, and display a splendid farina or pulp in which are contained 30 or 40 seeds, similar in shape to raisin seeds.”

The colouring matter of Annatto is said to consist of two colouring principles— “Orellin,” which is yellow, soluble in water, and which gives a yellow colour to cloth when mordanted, and “bixin,” which when pure forms a cinnabar-red powder, easily dissolved by alkaline solution.

A variety of shades, both yellow and red, are produced with the help of vinegar, alum, lemon-juice, etc.

It makes a good dye for silks and thin materials, but is not recommended for cloth. It can be altered by certain combinations into orange, deep orange, and tango, but this is not a fitting place for fuller chemical details.

Another dye-plant is the Mavunitoga (Antiario Bcnnettii) of the order Artocarpeae. This, possibly, is not indigenous, for the name used in the vernacular means the Tongan Mavu. The tree, however, has for long been at home in Fiji, and in olden times was frequently planted near heathen temples ( bure kalou).

Its beautiful foliage and large bright crimson drupes should make it popular with garden-lovers, and also with those who are aiming at making the Fiji motor roads “things of beauty.”

Then there is the Lauci ( Aleurites Moluccaiia), belonging to the Euphorhiaceae, and which has many names in the Fijian.

It is Sekeci in one place, Tuitui in another, and Qereqere in yet another; while Europeans call it the Candle-nut. Beyond many other uses, it produces an excellent black paint or dye. The tree grows readily, and is at home in almost any situation. It is practically in flower all the vear through, but is in its fullest bloom in October. 62 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Fijian Chiefs Would Hand Over Land to Government Important Decisions at Bau Council Meeting MATTERS of extreme importance to the Colony at large were discussed by Fijian members of the Council of Chiefs at Bau in September. The Council carefully considered and debated at length many questions affecting the future welfare of the native race, and 30 resolutions were passed and forwarded to the Acting-Governor (Hon. Juxon Barton) for reply.

The most significant of these resolutions was to the effect that all lands (including leases) not required for the maintenance of the Fijian owners be opened for settlement; that a committee be appointed to determine the amount of land needed for the proper development of the native owners: and that all land (including leases) not so required be handed over to the Government to lease on behalf of the Fijians.

In reply, His Excellency said he was most grateful to receive evidence of the confidence and trust of the Chiefs in the Government. It was not a matter for a hasty decision: the chiefs must first explain carefully the resolution and its reasons to their people. Pending the arrival of a new Governor, it would be premature for him to appoint a committee, he added.

Other major resolutions carried by the Council of Chiefs were as follows: Legislative Council: The following 10 Chiefs’ names were submitted to the Governor, who will choose five to be members of the Legislative Council: Ratu George Tuisawau, Ratu J. L. V. Sukuna, Ratu I. Tawake, Ratu Tiale Vuiyasawa, Ratu Deve Toganivalu, Ratu G. Lala, Ratu E. Mataitini, Ratu George Toganivalu, Ratu P. Veli, Ratu Pope E. Cakobau. (The last-named Chief has since died.) Edward VlM.’s Coronation: The Council advised the Government to send eight leading Chiefs to England to attend the Coronation of His Majesty King Edward VIII., which is to be held in May, 1937.

The Acting-Governor said that the arrangements for the King’s Coronation in 1937 will be similar to those made in 1911 for the Coronation of His late Majesty.

It is King Edward’s desire that it should be celebrated fully in each part of the Empire, and the Government feels it proper that on such an occasion Fijian Chiefs should be with their own people at that time.

Rockefeller Institute: The Fiji Government was asked to convey to the American Rockefeller Institute the Council’s great appreciation of the health and medical work being done in the Colony and its hope that the Institute may long remain in the Pacific to carry on its Christian labours.

Goldmining Industry: Legal provision should be made whereby Fijians employed in goldmines are insured against accident or death.

Agricultural Training: As agricultural training is in the best interests of the native race, it is desirable that an Agricultural School be established to educate selected youths. This project could be financed from Crown Lands Schedule “B" funds, and be maintained by all the Provinces.

History of Fiji: The Government was asked to form a small committee to prepare a History of Fiji. Replying. His Excellency said that while the Government 63 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Representing • Rylands & Sons (Col.) Ltd. of London and Manchester (including the famous “Dacca” Mills Products). •Parbury Henty & Co. Pty. Ltd of Sydney and Kobe. •“AGFA” Photographic Corporation of Berlin. •J. Blair King, of London, World-famed Shirts. • Sissons Bros. & Co. Ltd. Hull. All classes of paints. did not consider that any useful purpose would be served by appointing a committee, it was prepared to offer every facility and encouragement to historical research by any properly qualified person. The Government is now endeavouring to form a collection of useful books bearing on Fiji’s history.

Maintenance of Houses: The Acting Governor said he would refer to the Native Regulation Board for consideration the Council’s request that a law be passed to enforce the proper maintenance of wood and iron houses in native towns.

Memorial to King George: The Council resolved that the Fijians should have a separate memorial for His late Majesty King George V.; and that it should take the form of a Native Nurses’ Training Institution, the cost to be borne by Crown Lands Schedule “B” funds, and such monies as the Provincial Councils may decide. His Excellency stated that the question of a memorial in which all races of the Colony could join w T as receiving consideration. He added that the importance of the efficient training of nurses is fully realised.

Yasawa Islands: The proposal that the Yasawa Group of Islands should be made a separate province will be considered in connection with the general organisation of the Colony.

Banana Marketing: The Council asked that the Government might be pleased to undertake the duty of marketing Fijianowned bananas. This proposal would involve considerable expenditure by the Government in the provision of additional staff, of floating stock and other equipment, said the Hon. Juxon Barton, and it was impossible to reply until extensive enquiries had been made. The Director of Agriculture has been requested to report fully on the marketing of native crops.

Protection of Trees: A law or regulation is needed to enforce the proper planting and protection of useful trees, such as Vesi, Damanu, Rosawa, Buabua, Sogale, Dilo, Kauvala, Yaka, etc. His Excellency pointed out that, though instructions will be issued to that effect, the active support of the Chiefs is necessary to secure the enforcement of any legislation on this matter.

Foreign Imports: The Acting Governor told the Council that he appreciated its motives in passing a resolution entreating the Government to make the importation of foreign goods into Fiji more difficult.

Sale of Produce: The Council requested that the sale of produce and curios in Suva streets be stopped and confined to the area on the wharf reclamation. The control of street hawkers, the Council was informed, was now receiving attention.

Without Departmental

CHIEFS From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, Oct. 24.

WHEN the s.s. Tanda sailed for the East at noon to-day it left Rabaul practically without Government departmental chiefs.

The Administrator is on leave in Australia.

The Secretary for Lands (Hon. E. P.

Holmes) and the Director of Public Works (Hon. E. Knox) have departed on leave.

Prior to that, the Director of Public Health (Hon. E. T. Brennan), the Director of District Services (Hon. E. W. P. Chinnery), the Economic Botanist (Mr. R.

Dwyer), the Harbour Master (Mr. C.

Webb), and the Chief Dispenser (Mr. J.

Cruise) had departed on an inter-island tour of inspection.

The Government Secretary (Hon. H. H.

Page) and the Superintendent of Police (Colonel Walstab), the Superintendent of Stores (Mr. J. Savage), the Entomologist (Mr. J. Froggatt), and the Chief Collector of Customs (Hon. E. F. Phibbs) were all away on leave.

At the same time the Director of Agriculture (Hon. G. H. Murray) was receiving medical attention in hospital.

His Honour the Chief Judge is here, but he is a sick man. He is grimly attending to his duties as Acting Administrator, although his health really demands absolute rest.

Of the Departmental chiefs, this leaves only the Treasurer (Hon. Orton Townsend) and the Crown Law Officer (Hon. Gerald Hogan) actually occupying their office chairs.

The return on Monday is expected of Dr.

Brennan, Commander Webb and Mr.

Cruise, when the Macdhui arrives from the outports.

Mr. Charles Edward Dixon, of Port Moresby, married Miss Anne Danswan, also of Port Moresby, at the Papuan Registrar’s office on October 17. 64 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

MORRIS, HEDSTROM, Ltd.

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Branches throughout the gold hearing areas Lautoka, Ba, Tavua, Penang, Nadi, and Sigatoka A. B. DONALD Ltd.

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At Fiji: Trading as “Dominion Fruit C 0.,” Suva PINEAPPLES Another New Industry for Lucky Fiji 'THE canning of Fijian pine-apples by A the Colonial Sugar liefining Co., Ltd. will not be commenced in earnest % until about .the end of 1938.

That announcement was made early in November at a meeting of C.S.R. shareholders by the chairman, Mr. E. R. Knox.

Evidently the Company intends to make the most careful preparations in the erection of factories, in the growing of the fruit, and in the proper organisation of the markets before it launches the new industry.

Mr. Knox said that the Company, with all its experience and its powerful organisation, entered the new business with confidence.

As already pointed out in the this is a development of first-rate importance for Fiji—the luckiest of all British colonies. Fiji already is rich because of the sugar industry. It is richer because its great copra industry has returned to profit. It is still richer because a gold industry has been established which may produce £500,000 worth of gold annually before very long. And now’ it is to have another profitable industry in the canning of pine-apples.

The coiner of the phrase “A rich uncle from Fiji” knew’ w'hat he w r as talking about!

Government Gives C.S.R.

Co. Concessions From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA. Oct. 31. 4 MOTION which will mean a great deal to Fiji was passed at the Legislative Council meeting on October 28, when it was agreed to make certain concessions to the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. with a view to assisting the revival of the pineapple canning industry.

Several attempts have been made in the past to market Fiji canned pine-apples, but although the Colony produces fruit equal to the best in the world, failure has resulted, chiefly due to lack of capital. But the C.S.R. Co. has changed the outlook.

The motion was welcomed by all sections of the House, and members described the moment as one of importance in the history of the Colony. It was also pointed out that in pine-apple production an area which would otherwise be waste land, unsuitable fer sugar cane, bananas or copra, would be brought into profitable production.

The principal concessions made to the Company were: (a) Import duty paid on machinery and plant within four years from January 1, 1937, for the canning and packing of pineapples grown in Fiji is to be refunded (this shall not include the refund of Port and Customs Service Tax properly levied and paid). (b) For 10 years from January 1. 1937, no export tax shall be levied on pine-apples grown and canned in Fiji, but this shall not debar the Government from collecting a Port and Customs Service Tax thereon when exported. (c) For 10 years from January 1, 1937, the Government will permit the drawback of import duty paid on sugar, materials for cases, tin plates, and partly-made tins used in the canning and packing of pineapples grown in Fiji and thereafter exported.

Fire On “Montoro”

WHEN the Islands steamer Montoro was about to berth in Brisbane on FrL day, October 23, on the north-bound trip which left Sydney on October 21, a fire w’as discovered in the lower hold of No. 3 hatch, but it was extinguished before any serious damage w'as done.

The steamer was berthing at Dalgety’s wharf, w’hen smoke was seen issuing from a ventilator. Immediately four fire extinguishers and the ship’s hoses were put into operation, and they soon quenched the flames, which had started in a case of goods. Examination show’ed that the ship w r as not damaged, but portion of the cargo near the seat of fire was damaged by water.

The Montoro resumed her voyage to Papua that night.

Samoan Bananas In

DEMAND From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Oct. 28.

THE Matua, which sailed to-day, lifted nearly 7,000 cases of Samoan bananas for the Auckland market.

Visitors by the Matua commented on the splendid quality of the fruit exported from Samoa as compared with that from Fiji and Tonga. It was stated that the superiority of our bananas is generally recognised in New' Zealand and consequently the demand is steadily increasing.

This is due mainly to the efficiency of the Inspector of Produce (Mr. H. Newton) and the w r ell established organisation and inspection he has created. 65 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Educating The Gilbert

And Ellice Islanders

TNSTRUCTION to the primary standard is being given to 6,924 scholars in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands through four Government schools and 79 mission schools, according to the Colony’s Annual Report on Education for 1935, just issued.

Including subsidies to the two missions carrying on the work of education—the Uondon Missionary Society and the Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Order—the Government’s expenditure on education during the period was £3,960.

Throughout the Gilbert Islands, instruction is given in the vernacular, except at the King George V. School (Tarawa) and the Sacred Heart Boys’ School (Butaritari), where English prevails. The medium in the Ellice Group is Samoan, due to the influence and example of the early L.M.S.

Samoan missionaries and to the affinity of the Ellice dialect with Samoan.

During the year two students of the King George School—one Gilbertese and one Ellice Islander—were sent to the Central Medical School at Suva, Fiji. This made four students—two Gilbertese and two Ellice Islanders—in 'residence there.

Three scholars at that school qualified as Native Medical Practitioners, and were appointed to the G. and E. Medical Department. Eight ex-students of the King George School are now in service as N.M.P.’s in the Group.

More Sampans Reported

IN FIJI From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Oct. 31. 4 NOTHER report has reached Suva regarding the Japanese sampans which are operating in the Fiji group.

This is to the' effect that two sampans were anchored for some days at Yanutha, an island about 15 miles north-east of Taveuni. The men were ashore several times for food and water, and spent two days fishing for trochus shell.

Miss Eileen Morris, of Napier, New Zealand, who has been travelling about the Pacific in the 32ft. ketch-rigged yacht Te Rapunga for over a year, returned to her home temporarily at the beginning of November by the Niagara.

After a short stay with her parents she will rejoin the yacht in Hawaii.

BLACKWATER Four Recent Cases at Yodda, Papua From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Nov. 1. * 1 1 HE fourth case of blackwater fever from the Yodda, this year, was brought over by plane on October 14 and admitted to the European Hospital.

On this occasion, the patient is a wellknown member of the magisterial service, Mr. R. W. Faithorn, A.R.M., stationed at Kokoda. Though Mr. Faithorn’s condition was considered serious for the first two or three days after admittance, he has now sufficiently recovered to be well out of danger.

Mr. H. T. Kienzle, who was admitted to hospital on September 30 from the Yodda Goldfields, suffering also from blackwater, has made a good recovery and will shortly resume duty.

These four cases, following hard upon one another in the one district, have given rise to some anxiety. In the case of Mr.

E. C. Carr, the well known botanist of the British Museum, the disease in June proved fatal.

Residents in the Yodda district are fortunate in being able to call on the New Guinea aerial services in cases of urgency to transport them immediately over the ranges to Port Moresby, where medical attention gives them every chance of recovery.

Samoans Prosper

Large Crops and Good Prices From Our Own Correspondent APIA, Oct. 20.

AFTER a long, dry spell, which adversely affected the banana industry, the long-expected rains have at last arrived.

The cocoa crop is now coming in, and planters are busy picking. The present year promises another record in cocoa and copra, as well as banana exports. The only cloud on the horizon is the threatened repatriation of the Chinese plantation labourers, though it is still hoped that the N.Z. Government will seriously consider the representations made by the European community.

Samoans have never been as prosperous as they are at the present time, with good prices and large crops of the various products prevailing. The prosperity of the natives is reflected in their purchases of luxuries and comforts, such as European furniture, benzine lamps, etc.

Land Settlement In

PAPUA From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Oct. 26.

MR. W. R. HUMPHRIES, Resident Magistrate of the Central Division of Papua, left recently for the Sogeri district, to investigate the possibilities of the district for settlement, and the amount of land available for certain enterprises.

The inspection will be extensive, and Mr. Humphries is expected to remain in the district for several weeks.

Sogeri is a well known rubber district, and lies approximately 30 miles outside Port Moresby. 66 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 19 35

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226 P I- PITT ST., SYDNEY N.S.W., AUSTRALIA 11111111111111111 l Branch: Radio Cheapside, 240 a Pitt St. ’Phones, M 2525 and M 2526. Cable address, “Leveradioh.” Goods forwarded V.P.P. or Sight Draft. Satisfaction and Service Guaranteed. We can supply by mail all General Merchandise at a Better Price. Quotations with pleasure. Please add freight and packing.

Write for Punch Board Leaflets 11111111111111111 l Write for Pin-Game, Totem and Odds and Evens Leaflets iMimiiiiiiiiiii 67 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Treated, tons 1753 1875 1908 Bullion, oz 2272 1967 2202 Gold, fine oz 528 572 571 Silver, fine oz 1671 1330 1563 Estimated value — (Gold at £A8 per oz.) £4306 £4624 £4642 Value per ton 49/1 49/4 48/8 Mining Ore Treatment Machinery

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Steel Merchants and Structural Engineers The Sydney Steel Company Ltd.

GOLD

Highest Prices

Prompt Settlements

Accurate Weights And

ASSAYS are assured to producers and sellers of gold bullion who forward their consignments to The Electrolytic Refining and Smelting Co. of Aust. Ltd. for treatment and realisation.

RECORD PRICE.—On 6th March, 1935, this company paid to its clients at the rate of £9/4/6 net per fine ounce, which is the highest price ever paid for gold in Australia.

SPECIALLY ORGANISED SER- VICE is available to clients in New Guinea. Fiji and other Pacific Island centres.

Address consignments from outside Australia to the Company's Sydney office. m Weighing a Pacific Islands consignment ®f gold bullion at an E.R. & S. receiving office.

The Electrolytic Refining & Smelting Co.

Of Australia Limited

Melbourne: Works: Sydney: Collins House. Port Kembla, N.S.W. 25 O'Connell Street.

PURCHASERS AND REFINERS OF GOLD. SILVER, COPPER IN ANY FORM BANKERS:—The English, Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd.

Pacific Islands

Mining Notes

Papua CUTHBERT’S MISIMA GOLDMINE LTD.

PRODUCTION from the property of Cuthbert’s Misima Goldmine Ltd., Misima Island, Eastern Papua, compare as follows: MISIMA GOLD REEFS (N.G.) N.L.

Shareholders of Misima Gold Reefs (New Guinea) N.L. were disappointed at a meeting in Melbourne bn October 29 when the chairman of directors (Mr. W. Blewett) announced that no further information had been received regarding the exercising by Oroville Dredging Ltd. of its option over the company’s leases at Misima Island, Papua. He said that Misima Reefs Ltd., with a nominal capital of £lOO,OOO in £1 shares, had been registered in Sydney, and it was expected that at the first meeting of directors, at least 20,000 shares would be allotted to Misima Gold Reefs (New Guinea) N.L. in consideration for the leases. Because of injuries received in a motor car accident, Mr. T. Owen, attorney to Oroville Dredging Ltd., proceedings had been delayed, and Melbourne directors had received no news. It was decided to call an extraordinary meeting to wind up the company voluntarily and to authorise the directors to sell sufficient shares that revert to the company to liquidate the liabilities, amounting to £l2B.

Gold Mines Of Papua

On the basis of proved and possible ore reserves of 250,000 tons, and exclusive of a further 150.000 tons, mainly of sulphide ore, which may accrue from exploration on the company’s properties on Misima Island, Eastern Papua, the current 8/6 market for Gold Mines of Papua shows a return of 26.6 per cent, per annum after allowing for returns of capital (says the Sydney ‘‘ Daily Telegraph”).

The reserves are estimated at 46/- a ton, with gold at £stg.6/18/-, while costs are not expected to exceed 22/- a ton.

The basis of the profit valuation is;— 250.000 tons at 46/- 575,000 Costs at 22/- 275,000 Surplus 360,000 Less — 240,000 shares at Market 102,000 198,000 Less — Surplus liabilities 8,000 Net surplus 190,000 The capacity of the plant is to be 3000 tons per month, and if the ore can be fed to the mill in this quantity it w»uld take seven years to treat the estimated 250,000 tons.

Thus the net surplus of £190,000 is equal to £27,143, or 26.6 per cent, on the current market price of capital after allowing for return of capital at that price. The company, of course, will not consider amortisation at the current price, but a buyer is obliged to do so.

If exploration proves the existence of further reserves, profits will improve, provided estimates are realised. The company’s annual report indicates that conditions are favourable for development of the additional reserves.

DEVELOPMENTS (N.G.) N.L.

Mr. F. A. Roberg, engineer to Developments (New Guinea) N.L., has advised that the company’s lease in Papua of 160 acres north, and adjoining the property of Mandated Alluvials N.L. and the lease of 160 acres under option south, and adjoining Mandated Alluvials, have been granted by the Mines Department. Native mining labour arrived on the property at the end of October, and an assistant to Mr. Roberg left Sydney for Port Moresby by the last boat. Mr. Roberg reports having inspected more country, and he considers the prospects favourable. On Sexton’s area, No. 135, consteens have opened up an oxidised lode, 30 feet wide, carrying gold by chemical tests. An assay is being made of the costeens, 200 feet below the top of the range.

Sapphire Creek (Papua) Development

SYNDICATE N.L.

Sapphire Creek (Papua) Development Syndicate N.L., with a nominal capital of £lO,OOO in 5000 shares of £2 each, has been formed in Melbourne, with the object of developing three leases, totalling 118 acres, adjacent to the Mandated Alluvials properties, about 17 miles from Port Moresby, Papua.

Mr. E. P. Hitchcock, New Guinea mining prospector, and formerly closely connected wiHi the Mt. Lawson Sydnicate, has taken up the leases, which are reported to contain lode formation similar to that contained in the Mandated Alluvial leases.

Prospecting and development work en the properties is now being carried out by Mr. W. Cash, who has reported that development was most encouraging, and that in costeening, a body of ore had been located, the width of which had not been determined.

Shares in the company were payable £1 on application. There were no vendors’ or promoters’ shares.

The legal manager of the syndicate, pro tern, is Mr. K. W. Steedman, 440 Little Collins-street, Melbourne. Provisional directors are Messrs.

E. P. Hitchcock, R. E. Tracey and R. M. Boyd.

NEW GUINEA ALLUVIALS LTD.

Directors of New Guinea Alluvials, Ltd., have recommended that the company go into voluntary liquidation. They anticipate that shareholders will receive four shares of 5/- each fiilly paid, and four shares of 5/- each paid to 6d in Gold Mines of Papua, Ltd., for every five shares of 5/- each held in the company. At present the company holds 8,000 fully paid shares in Gold Mines of Papua, and will take up the further new issue now being offered, for which sufficient funds are available. With a surplus of £1227 on a sale of 4300 shares in Gold Mines of Papua, against expenditure of £74 7, the debit balance was reduced from £1578 to £lO9B for the year ended March 31. At 68 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Cubic yard . 978,000 981,300 962,200 Bullion, oz. . . . 17,740 17,052 18,172 Gold, fine, oz. . 12,484 11,794 12,606 VALUE— Aust. currency* £109,235 , £103,1972 £110,3022 Per cubic yard /26.8 / 25.2 /27.5 Working profit £75,748 £73,998 £76,265 *At A £8/15/ - per fine ounce.

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Nelson & Robertson Ltd.

12 Spring Street, Sydney

Mining' Machinery. of all classes, including: Bucket Dredges Sluicing Plants Gravel Pumps Nozzle Pumps Elevators, Nozzles, Piping, Valves, etc. n GRAVEL PUMP ILLUS- TRATED is one of two (2) 12in. size, capacity 80 to 100 c. yds. solids per hour against 60ft. head. To be driven by 190 h.p. motor.

Casings, liners and baseplates have been sectional ised for aeroplane transport, maximum lift being 30001 bs. •

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WATUT GOLD ALLU- VIALS N.L., N. GUINEA.

THOMPSON’S ENGINEERING & PIPE CO. LTD.

Castlemaine, Victoria

Cable Address: “THOMPSONS, CASTLEMAINE.”

Sydney Office Kembla Building 58 Margaret Street

that date the holding of Gold Mines of Papua shares is shown at £12,925, and associated companies owed £lOl9. Capital is £15,000 MANDATED ALLUVIALS N.L.

Full sampling has been completed by Mandated Alluvials N.L., Papua, at intervals of 22 feet in the various workings at the south-east end of the property, 16 miles outside Pt. Moresby. The management reports that the workings occur as two groups based upon Nos. 6 and 7 adits. The sampling of No. 6 territory has proved that the reef varies in width from 31 feet to 12 feet, and values 9 dwt. through 13 to 15 dwt., the higher values being in the wider portion of the reef.

In No 7 territory there is still a little work to be done, but sampling has established an average width of 10 feet for a value of 1 oz., decreasing south to 3 feet 2 inches at 11 dwt. This sampling covers a length of 600 feet. Every 100 feet on the dip should give 30,000 tons of ore. North of the No. 7 prospecting for the rim rock has reached a distance of 500 feet, and all that will be done here will be to go sufficiently into the hill to obtain a full section of the reef for sampling. This takes no account of the mass exposed in the Moresby King. Other development work in progress is driving north-west along the western rim. This has exposed for a total of 132 feet an average of 3i feet of sulphides averaging: 10 dwt. a ton. This work will be prosecuted vigorously.

The boring plant is on the ground.

New Guinea BULOLO GOLD DREDGING LTD.

THE annual report of Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd. states that 121,352 oz. of fine gold, and 52,600 oz. of silver, were recovered from 10,915,000 cubic yards of gravel. The bullion realised 4,359,000 dollars, and an operating profit of 3,208,986 dollars (including 18,135 dollars of sundry income) —approximately £828,800 —was made, knm which 217.000 dollars were transferred to amortisation reserve.

At May 31, 1936, the company’s dredging areas in New Guinea were estimated to contain 204.000,000 cubic yards of 33 cent, gravel (gold at 35 dollars an ounce), with a net working profit of 50 million dollars, after allowing for deduction of gold royalty and expenses outside New Guinea.

The first of the three new dredges is expected to be completed about next July.

The Co.’s production for October compares with that of the previous two periods as follows:

Enterprise Of N.G. And Petroleum

DEVELOPMENT N.L.

Reporting on operations for the period September 6 to October 27, Mr. H. Taylour, general manager of Enterprise of New Guinea and Petroleum Development N.L., advised that sluicing operations continued as usual on the alluvial property at Surprise Creek until October 12. when a large landslip five chains in length occurred on the main water race. This resulted from a succession of heavy rains, and completely cut off the supply of water to the nozzles. Repairs were almost complete, and it was anticipated that water would be available for a recommencement of sluicing on or about the 28th inst., when the clean up for the month’s run would be commenced.

In the Edie Creek area prospecting on the goldmining leases continued, and several small auriferous veins were discovered. Further work will be carried out on these outcrops. The mule road to the Edie mine was completed, and when required, be widened sufficiently to permit motor lorries to transport supplies direct to the mine from the Wau aerodrome.

The site has been cleared and approach completed for a drainage adit on the Edie mine to be driven 150 feet vertically below No. 1 west drive on the main lode. An additional gold-mining lease has been pegged adjoining the Edie mine leases.

As a result of prospecting in the Oriabanda area portion of an old river bed has been discovered.

The value or extent of the wash is not yet known.

GUM RIVER DEVELOPMENT N.L.

A meeting of Gum River Development, N.L., took place in Melbourne on November 20 to consider winding up. A similar meeting was held on May 7, but as insufficient shareholders were represented to sanction winding up nothing could be finalised.

Assets at August 28 included cash in hand, £1891; survey fees to be refunded, £836; and ten : hares in Gum Heights (which had since decided to liquidate and return £2/10/- a share). Plant and equipment are shown at £292. The company had spent £2587 on prospecting account, and paid vendors £5 617 in cash and shares.

Holders of the 32,000 shares had contributed £6400 in cash (4/- a share), while vendors received 24,000 shares, representing £4BOO.

After providing for a creditor, £7 5, the above liquid assets (when survey fees are collected) represent about 1/7 a share on the 32,000 con- 69 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

*Aug. Sept. Oct.

Cubic yards 8,175 11,707 9,121 Gold, oz 101 310 281 Average cub. yd. . . 1/10 3/ll| 4/7i *Plant was in operation for hall of month only, balance of time being taken up in constructing new penstock and moving pipes, elevator and boxes to new position. mated profits of New Guinea Goldfields Limited are: Aug. 14.

Month ended Sept. 14 Oct. 14.

Edie Creek mill— Ore, tons 4,089 4,662 3,765 Fine gold, oz. 1,417 1,232 1,023 July.

Aug.

Sept.

Alluvial — Fine gold, oz. . . 1,166 1,147 1,068 Fine silver, oz. . 837 776 711 Gold Ridges mill— Fine gold, oz. . . 1,617 1,681 1,534 Fine silver, oz. . 1,258 1.249 1,143 June.

July.

Aug.

Operating profit— Edie Creek mill . £2,275 £2,287 £4,344 Alluvial 4,214 3,803 3,375 Golden Ridges mill 6,130 7,266 7,972 Sept.

Oct.

Hours 451 609 Wash, cub. yd. . . . 8500 8000 Gold, oz 439 368 Aug. 14. Sept. 11.

Oct. 9.

Nov. 6* Ore, tons . . 848 1444 1590 1627 Bullion, oz. 295 358 318 452 Value, £A . 2260 2601 2525 3550 *Mill closed down five days for overhaul to Diesel engine. v 91 The...

Headquarters House f Engineering Supplies Lifting Tackle Rope Blocks, Chain, Hoists, Jacks, Ropes, Slings, Winches, etc.

Blacksmithing Equipment Forges, Anvils, Vices, Drilling Machines, Grinders, Stocks & Dies, Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws.

For All Trades We carry comp I e te stocks of Tools for the Carpenter, Blacksmith, Engineer, Mechanic and the Handyman. ~ OUR RANGE OF MINING MACHINERY INCLUDES: Thompson Centrifugal, Nozzle & Gravel Pumps. Stamper Batteries, Rock Breakers, Sluicing Boxes, Battery Screening and Plates, Mining Tools, Corduroy Mining Cloth, Amalgum Retorts, etc.

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Brisbane Townsviuf

INCINEfRINe SumvcicrALSTRAUAI?I tributing shares or lid a share on the total shares issued, including vendors’. It is understood that the vendors will not rank in full in the distribution of the remaining cash.

SANDY CREEK GOLD SLUICING LTD.

The mine manager of Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Limited reported early in November as follows: SUNSHINE GOLD DEVELOPMENT LTD.

Early in November, the manager of Sunshine Gold Development, New Guinea, radio’d to the Sydney office as follows:—“October: Hours sluiced 4 70, cubic yards treated 12,000. During month elevator was lowered to 55 feet, and since been sunk to 64 feet. Average recovery during October 4/- per cubic yard. Time lost through opening out and sinking elevator.”

NEW GUINEA GOLDFIELDS LTD.

Recent monthly returns of production and esti- DAY DAWN SOUTH (N.G.) N.L.

Speaking at an extraordinary general meeting of Day Dawn South (New Guinea), N.L., in Sydney in October, the chairman of directors (Mr. N.

Barrell) said that, owing to the poor response to the last call, the directors had to consider the future of the company. He said they had entered into an arrangement with a party, which was to pay an amount in cash and work the mine on a percentage basis. They hoped within 12 months to be able to pay a dividend on the fully paid shares.

An auction sale would be held shortly to dispose of the forfeited shares. Replying to a shareholder, who asked for particulars of the arrangement to tribute the mine, Mr. Barrell said he thought that was a matter which could be left in the hands of the directors. The amount received in cash, however, would be sufficient to carry on the company for a year. The meeting agreed to the directors’ proposal.

GUM HEIGHTS GOLD SYNDICATE.

Shareholders of Gum Heights Gold Syndicate N.L., who at the end of October passed a resolution placing the company in voluntary liquidation will receive approximately 50/- a share for each £5 share held. The company was formed to prospect a lode at Gum River, New Guinea.

Mr. W. I. Potter, who presided at the meeting, told shareholders that values on the area tested had not been sufficiently high. A very large expense would have been involved in testing such an extensive area, and prospects were not attractive enough to undertake such expense under present conditions.

BULOLO GOLD DEPOSITS LTD.

Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd.’s Sydney office was advised in November that production for September and October compared as follows: Fiji LOLOMA (FIJI) GOLD MINES N.L.

TyRECTORS of Loloma (Fiji) Gold Mines N.L., U Tavua, Fiji, estimate that production will commence in June of next year. Ore reserves at July 31 were sufficient to provide at least four years’ tonnage for the proposed new treatment plant. Additional ore reserves have been proved since that date, and taking into consideration the possibilities of a further large tonnage being opened up, the directors have every confidence that operations will prove highly profitable for many years. Expenditure for the 12 months ended July 31, exceeded the revenue by £3255, Australian currency. Current assets, at the close of the year, exceeded the liabilities by £94,587, excluding 17,000 shares of £l, paid to 10/-, in Tavua Power Pty. Ltd. ■ Ore tests, the directors report, have been conducted in America and Australia and it has been decided, as a first step, to erect a treatment plant with a capacity of 500 tons weekly. Its cost is estimated at £BO,OOO. Concurrently with the plant erection it will be necessary to carry out further development work, also provide housing accommodation for additional employees required when treatment operations commence. The general manager’s estimate of the cost of this work is £25,000. Portion of the expenditure of this programme has been met, but it may become necessary early next year to make a call of 1/a share on the contributing shares.

Mr. F. W. R. Godden (general manager) estimates the positive ore (definitely assured and blocked out), probable ore (not fully blocked out, but reasonably expected) and possible ore (exposed on one side only, but which should be available with further development) at 105,130 tons, of an average value of 29.97 dwt., containing 156,529 fine oz.

MT. KASI MINES LTD.

The gold yields of Mount Kasi Mines Ltd. for the four weekly periods since August have been:— EAST REEFS CONSOLIDATED N.L.

Addressing shareholders at the annual meeting of East Reefs Consolidated N.L. during October, the chairman, Mr. A. E. Ffrost, said that a London company had made a tentative inquiry about the company’s area in Fiji. Any further action, however, depended on whether the London interests acquired the surrounding properties.

Shareholders left to the directors the decision as to whether the company should wind up.

For the period June 6, 1935, to August 31, last.

East Reefs expended £7147, and at the close of the term current assets exceeded liabilities by £2Bl.

EMPEROR MINES LTD.

Stating that a new milling plant, which would 70 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

May 1935.

Sept. 1936.

Tonnage proved .... 211,000 670,000 Fine gold, oz 141,500 335,000 Value (believed gold content) £ 1,132.000 2,680,000 Proved gold, per share 15/1 35/8 Sept. 5.

Oct. 3.

Oct. 31.

Ore (dry weight). tons 2315 2200 2136 Fine gold, 02. ... 1060 1065.6 1057.1 Head values, dwt. 10 10.7 10,7 Recovery, dwt. . . 9.16 9.67 9.89 FIJI Mid-June Mid-Sept.

Mid-Nov.

Emperor Mines Granites Dev. . . . b!2/9 . .. b3d bl5/3 s2d bl6/6 slid Koroere b4/s4/6 Loloma Mineral Dev. ... b9d b24/3 b8d b21/6 bl/- Mt. Kasi . .. .

Mt. Morgan b7/10 b7/- Developments . bl/10 bl/5 bl/5 Pacific Gold . .

Tavua Dev.

Vatu Kasia ... s2/3 bf 5 sl/6 b4/15/b9id bl/b4d Vees United . . ... bid — Cuthbert’s PAPUA Misima G.M. .. blO/4 bl3/b20/4£ G.M. of Papua .. . b8/6 slO/9 b9/4 Mandated All. .

Oriomo Exp. . . , Samarai (pd.) Yodda Gold Co. b3d b32/9 b2/8 b7d b3d bl6/7J b4/10J b8id s9d

New Guinea

Bulolo Deposits . . b9d bl/9 bl/9 Bulolo G.D. . . .

Developments . . . b£8 sf7/10/ - b£7/3/- (New Guinea) .. b£3/15/- Enterprise of N.G. b£2/5/b£l/10/- & Petroleum .

Guinea Gold . .

Irowat Mt. Lawson . . . . . . . bf3/5/- ... sl8/sl4/b2/bf 5 b£l/15/sl6/9 bl/0i s £6 N.G.G. Ltd Oil Search Placer Dev Sandy Ck Sunshine Gold . .

Up. Watut . . . . •• b9/2 bll/9 b4/5 b3/10i b£4/17/bl/0 h bl3/6 b2/- MINING and ROAD-

Making Equipment

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Write for ftill information of Gardner-Denver Products Hand-held Drill Perfectly balanced, and embodies the greatest drilling capacity at which the qualities of easy riding and conservative air consumption are maintained.

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Branches At Newcastle And Brisbane

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Ready-Cut Homes Department, 7 Castlereagh Street. m ilium treat 12,000 tons a month, was expected to be working by September, the managing director of Emperor Mines Ltd. (Mr. E. G. Theodore) expressed the opinion at the annual meeting of shareholders on November 4, that within a few weeks of that time it should be possible to distribute profits.

The new mill will treat oxidised ore, Mr. Theodore said, of which there is 750,000 tons. It will be necessary to instal a sulphide milling process, but this will be gradual, and in conjunction with the oxidised mill, as the oxidised ore is treated. The units will be converted to treat sulphide ore. Provision for this mill will not be necessary for several years, and by that time proceeds from the mine will be able to take care of capital expenditure.

The managing director gave a comparison of figures quoted by Mr. T. R. Victor just before the formation of the company, and at the end of September, 1936, which showed that development during the last 12 months had been satisfactory;— Mr. Theodore said that it was highly encouraging that the mine had stood up to active development work, resulting in enormously increased ore reserves.

Each month brings reports of further disclosures which support the view that the Emperor Mine will ultimately rank as one of the major producers of the world, said the chairman (Mr. Wallace H. Smith).

He added that the pilot plant had proved that high extraction was possible, and costs were very reasonable. With the installation of a larger plant and much larger crushings, costs were expected to be reduced still further. Since the time when Mr. Connolly had assessed ore reserves at 720,000 tons, highly important developments had taken place.

Finance, the chairman concluded, were very healthy, and no difficulty whatever will be experienced in financing the 1937 programme.

Issued early in November, returns for the past three periods are compared in the following table Recent Fluctuations in Islands Gold Shares

N.G. Goldfields Notes

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, Nov. 1.

RECENTLY, an unusual spectacle was seen on Wau ’drome when one of Guinea Airways’ Stinsons, returning late in the evening was assisted in landing by the lighting of petrol flares on the landing ground. The machine looked picturesque, with its head and tail light showing.

It is reported in mining circles that Mr.

R. C. Symes and Mr. Nichterlein have jointly purchased a two years’ tribute from Day Dawn South N.L.

Mr. H. Strong, of the Public Works Department, with his wife and family, have returned to Wau from leave in Australia.

Miss Inez Beckett, typiste in the Land and Mines Dept., is also back in Wau after spending her leave in England and Australia.

Miss E. Kerr, of the District Office staff, Wau, has been transferred to the District Office at Salamaua. Her position at Wau is being filled by Miss Jess Hobler. 71 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Earthquake At Guam

THE worst earthquake in 34 years in the island of Guam, the American Naval Station in North-west Pacific, was reported on October 30. There were 67 distinct shocks on that and the following day.

Natives suffered minor injuries, and there was some damage to property.

Guam is the largest of the islands comprising the Marianne Archipelago, the remainder of which are under Japanese control. Though minor shocks are of common occurrence —the island being situated in a recognised “earthquake zone”— this was the most serious ’quake since September 22, 1902, when every masonry house was ruined, highway bridges wrecked, and roads blocked.

Chamber Of Mines

Formed at Wau, N.G.

THE Morobe Chamber or Mines was recently formed at Wau, New Guinea, .with the following objects:— (1) To protect and promote the mining interests and industries of the goldfields situate in the District of Mcrobe, New Guinea. (2) To enter into any amalgamation, affiliation, fusion or alliance with any other association incorporated according to law, and having similar objects. (3) To consider all questions connected with the mining industry and to promote public discussion thereon. (4) To promote and oppose legislative and other measures affecting the mining industry. (5) To communicate with and exchange information upon mining matters with Chambers of Mines, or Government Departments of Mines in New Guinea or elsewhere. (6) To act as arbitrators in the settlement of any dispute arising out of mining. (7) Generally to do all such other things as may appear to be incidental or conducive to the attainment of the above objects.

The first officers elected are as follows: — President, Mr. Harold Taylour (General Manager, Enterprise of New Guinea Gold and Petx-oleum Development N.L.); Vice- Presidents, Mr. E. A. De Lautour (General Manager. New Guinea Goldfields Limited), Mr. A. L. Joubert (General Manager, Bulolo Gold Dredging Limited): Members of Council, Mr. .1. M. Spence (Mining Engineer), Mr. Norman White (Mining Engineer), Mr. J. Whelan (Manager, Bulolo Gold Deposits N.L.), Mr. R. McConnan (Manager, Koronga Gold Sluicing Ltd.), Mr. W. Johnson (Manager, Sandy Creek G.S. Ltd.).

Individual efforts in the past to bring about more favourable conditions in the mining industry generally have met with little or no success, but with the formation of an organisation such as this it is considered that at least some of the barriers which have hitherto restricted mining operations in New Guinea will be broken down.

In their own interests and that of the general community all companies, claim holders and representatives of mining interests in New Guinea have been requested to give their support. The subscription for individual members is £3/3/ per annum and, with the very definite proposals now under the consideration of the Chamber, the accruing benefits should more than repay the meagre monetary outlay.

The Council has outlined an energetic programme and is pursuing its objects with all despatch.

Value Of Cocoa Shell

TESTS proving that cocoa shell is a safe accessory in the fodder of cattle were described at a meeting at Birmingham University, England, early in November.

The cocoa bean, it was stated, contained a large amount of vitamin D, which increased the vitamin content of milk and butter from the winter to the summer level. Herds given coarse cake composed of cocoa shells yielded richer milk, which was free from taint, and increased the butter fat to the correct quantity, 21b. a day.

Mr. R. Symes, well-known Edie Creek miner, sailed from Rabaul, New Guinea, for the East by the Neptuna on October 31. 72 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

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Scientific Cruise

American Yacht “Director” in Papua From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Oct. 29.

THE American yacht Director arrived in Port Moresby harbour early in October, and will leave shortly after the arrival of the southern steamer early in November, to continue her cruise through Torres Straits to Java.

Mr. Sheridan Fahnestock, master of the Director, and his brother (Mr. Bruce Fahnestock) are both collecting specimens for the American Museum of Natural History, as is also Mr. Dennis Puleston. who is on board. Mr. Bruce Fahnestock is an entomologist, Mr. Puleston an ornithologist, and Mr. Sheridan Fahnestock specialises in fish specimens. Other members of the party Mr. Edward Dair, a New York artist, and Mr. Lewis Hirshon, left the yacht in Eastern Polynesia, on the way to Papua.

The Director left New York early in 1935, and visited the Galapagos Islands, via Panama.

From there, the party proceeded to Papeete, staying nine months before they left for Suva. They called at Penrhyn Island, American Samoa, and Wallis Island.

Prom Fiji, the Director set sail, after three or four weeks, for the New Hebrides and Solomons and from the Solomons she eventually came to Port Moresby.

Mr. Fahnestock hopes to return to America via the Cape of Good Hope at the end of 1937.

Can N.G.G. Shareholders Count On a Good Dividend? f | ’HE Stock Exchange quotation for the A shares of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. hangs around par (5/-). Yet, on figures, they should be worth more.

The issued capital of this huge concern was originally between £4,000,000 and £5,000,000. Certain interests went goldcrazy when the goldfield was first proved, and bought leases in every direction, and paid lavishly for them in fully-paid-up shares.

From 1930 to 1934 the cold winds beat unmercifully upon the Co., and early in 1935 the directors made public acknowledgment of many shortcomings and delinquencies, and wrote the £ 1 shares down to 5/ which was the price the share markets had had upon them for very many moons, anyway.

Thus, early in 1935, the Co. faced the critical and sceptical world with an issued capital of less than £1,200,000. It looked a good enough investment, considering the rich country that the Co. was squatting on in New Guinea (with the permission of an extraordinary sympathetic government), and it should have been capable of earning 10 per cent. But investors were shy—and justifiably so, because after the end of the next financial year, early in 1936, the Co. announced a profit of £152,000, but decided to declare no dividend and use the money for developmental purposes. The shares remained at 4/- to 5/-.

All this year, the Co. has been announcing a profit of between £12,000 and £15,000 per month. It commenced the financial year, on October 1, 1935, with a credit in the profit-and-loss account of £211,000, and it should have added about £140,000 to that, for the financial year ended September 30, last. Shareholders might calculate upon a dividend for the year of anything from 10 to 15 per cent.

The directors usually issue their report in January, and hold their annual meeting in February; and, if there is to be nothing juicy for the shareholders on this occasion, after the “hiding” the latter have had in recent years, the directors will know what to expect . . . That is why these shares should be worth buying at par.

The “Duranbah”

New W.R.C. Vessel for New Guinea Trade MESSRS. W. R. CARPENTER & CO.

LTD’S new wooden motorship, which was completed in August at Huskisson, N.S.W., successfully underwent trials on Sydney Harbour on November 19.

Originally launched as the Dolphin, she was renamed the Duranhah when it was learned that a schooner called the Dolphin was already operating in New Guinea.

Carpenters’ old vessel from which the new ship’s name was taken is now a hulk in Rabaul, after serving for many years in the Solomons and New Guinea.

White hulled, picked out in red, and flying the blue and white W.R.C. house flag, the 270-tons ship has a neat appearance.

She is well fitted for Islands conditions, and is equipped with transmitting and receiving wireless apparatus. Her length is 130 ft., and she has a beam of 26ft.

Skippered by Captain P. B. Park, with Mr. Roberts as Chief Officer, the Duranhah sailed from Sydney for Samarai, Papua, en route to Rabaul on November 21.

For the present she will be engaged in the New Guinea inter-island trade, mainly between Rabaul and Madang. 73 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Steamships Trading Company Limited

Port Moresby Papua Samarai

Chairman and Managing Director: A. S. FITCH.

Shipowners, Wholesale and Retail Merchants and Traders; Shipping, Customs and Insurance Agents; Copra and Rubber Plantation Owners.

ArcMr.J! 311 Contractors to Commonwealth and Papuan Governments.

AGENCIES:—At Port Moresby: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Phoenix Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Acme Bakery Co.; Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd. At Samarai: Coral Sea Insurance Co.; Delta Sawmills, Ltd.; Bankers and Traders' Insurance Co.; National Mutual Life Insurance Co.; Kularo Shipyards; Mamai Plantations.

BRANCHES.—In Papua: Hanuabada, Sivitoi, Aroma, Koki, Hula, Ela Beach, Duga Duga, Yule Island.

SYDNEY: NELSON & ROBERTSON, LTD., 12 Spring Street; Melbourne, 396 Flinders Lane; London, E. Whiteaway & Co., 7 Chiswell Street, Finsbury, London.

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IT’S A PASTE!

Fruit Prices Rocket in Rarotonga From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, Nov. 1. |>ETURNS reminiscent of the “good old days” were realised by growers here last month when sharp competition drove prices up to 12/- and 13/- a case respectively for bananas and tomatoes “on the w r harf.”

The fun apparently started when the Exporters’ Association was unable to reach a unanimous decision upon a uniform buying price and was further increased by the entry of the Growers’ Association with a substantial buying order.

Competitive bidding—a forgotten art locally—jumped the price almost hourly as the time for packing approached, it appearing to be a point of honour with some of the older firms not to be beaten.

As the majority of the shipment was bought, growers had a glorious time spending during the following week, and the only consolation which traders have since had to solace themselves with is the knowledge that the money paid out mostly came to rest again in their tills.

For comfort was badly needed when market advices were received showing losses from 2/- to 4/- a case, one agent alone reputedly having lost over £lOOO.

Sobered, and greatly chastened, buyers this month are only offering 7/- for bananas and 2/- for tomatoes ‘on the wharf.”

To Exploit N. Guinea’s Timber Resources \V7ITH a nominal capital of £lO,OOO, the ** New Guinea Lumber Co. Ltd. was registered in Sydney in November with the objects of becoming “timber merchants and growers, sawmill proprietors, etc., in the Mandated Territory and elsewhere.”

Subscribers are: Messrs. Cyril Moss, Basil P. Purcell, Lionel Dare. Raymond Tobias. Jack H. Dawes, John I. Einfield, and Edwin Lusher.

Language as Key to New Guinea People Noted Scientist’s Theory £ "|XLY by a systematic, thorough, and tedious study of the languages spoken by the natives of New Guinea will the key to the origin and migrations of the people of that great island be found, was. the theory propounded by Rev. Father Franz J. Kirschbaum in a lecture to members of the N.S.W. Anthropological Society at the Australian Museum, Sydney, on November 10.

Father Kirschbaum, who is a Roman Catholic missionary of the Divine Word Order, has spent 25 years in North-west New Guinea. He is a distinguished anthropologist, and is regarded by scientists as the leading authority on the natives, their languages, cultures, and customs in that part of the Territory.

There are two distinct language groups in New Guinea—Melanesian and Papuan— Father Kirschbaum explained. Melanesian is spoken in practically all coastal districts from the Dutch border in the north right around the whole island and along the southern seaboard to the Dutch border in Papua. There is a definite affinity between all the Melanesian dialects spoken on the coast.

The languages classified by scientists as Papuan are those used by the inland tribes of New Guinea and Central Papua. There are many complex tongues and, so far, it appears that they are entirely dissimilar.

There have been many successive migratory waves through New Guinea, both from the north and from the south, said Father Kirschbaum, and each prehistoric race left traces of its culture and, in some instances, imparted a lasting influence upon the people who occupied the land.

Pestles and mortars of stone have been found in various parts of the Territory and, since the present inhabitants have no knowledge of their original use, the artifacts apparently indicate the migrants’ routes through the island.

The lecturer mentioned that a Roman Catholic missionary had recently shown him a pestle in the form of a rampant bird that had been found among the newlydiscovered people near Mt. Hagen. Although he had seen six similar shaped pestles in Northern New Guinea, this was the first in which the design appeared to have been, burned in like pottery, instead of being carved. From a scientific point of view this was a discovery of first-rate importance.

Dealing with the New Guinea pygmies.

Father Kirschbaum related that they had first been reported by a German anthropologist, Dr. Richard Thurnwald, in 1908.

On the outbreak of war, in 1914, Dr. Thurnwald visited the Catholic mission and told him of the discovery of more pygmies on the Sepik headwaters.

Later information supplied by Mr. Ivan Champion, who accompanied the Karius expedition across New Guinea, tended to disprove this latter report, as Champion met only tall natives in the Upper Sepik region, added Father Kirschbaum.

The German missionary himself found a race of pygmies on the Ramu River in 1926, and it was interesting to note that they were cultivators of the soil, tilling the land instead of hunting with bows and arrows, as is the practice of pygmies elsewhere. He believed that the pygmy people were possibly the oldest in the island.

The lecturer referred also to the systems of counting among the natives; to the Tuo people of the Middle Sepik who appear to have a higher culture than other natives inhabiting the mighty Sepik Valley; to the 74 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1935

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The Grace Bldg., 77 York St., Sydney And at Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth.

Please send me by return mail your free, illustrated and priced Catalogue of Cyclone Metal Gates and Ring-lock Fences, and comparison of costs.

Name Address P. 1.1 old-established trade route across New Guinea, from the Papuan coast up the Purari River, through the Hagen area to the Yuat River (a tributary of the “Sepik), and so to the coast of Northern New Guinea, and to the value placed upon cowrie shells by the natives along this route who have bartered for hundreds of years; to the archaeological finds in the Middle Sepik region; and to the influence of Polynesian culture in certain areas.

Proposing a vote of thanks, Mr. F. L. S.

Bell, an anthropologist who spent some time in New Guinea for the Australian National Research Council, said that photographs offering definite proof of the pygmies reported on the Sepik headwaters in 1914 had just been published in Man, the journal of the Royal Anthopological Society of Great Britain.

The proposal was seconded by Professor A. P. Elkin, of the Department of Anthropology, Sydney University, who stressed the importance of the scientific work being carried on in New Guinea by missionaries and more especially that done by such a noted figure Father Kirschbaum.

Father Kirschbaum returned to the Mandated Territory in June last from a four years’ sojourn in Germany, to complete a book he has been workng upon for some years, and also to lead an expedition from Harvard University to study all aspects of the culture of the Sepik River tribes. On his return he learned that the areas wherein they wished to penetrate had been declared “uncontrolled,” and permission to enter was withheld by the N.G.

Administration.

The expedition has been cancelled for the present. But Father Kirschbaum has been granted access to the Ramu region, where the pygmies live, and for the next two years he will continue his anthropological research work among those queer, fascinating little people.

S.C.H.

The Search For Oil in Papua From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, Oct. 19. 13APUAN Oil Development Co. Ltd. are importing another vessel for use in the west of the Angas, an oil-fired steam lighter of 230 tons, with a length of 129 feet, beam 26 feet and a draught that can be trimmed for 5 feet. The vessel, which is expected next month from Sarawak will, it is understood, be manned by a crew of Malays.

This Company have installed one of the latest A.W.A. transmitting and receiving sets at Daru for their operations which will be open for service to the general public—another step forward in the matter of communication in Papua.

The advance party of the Oriomo Oil Co. arrived here early in October. The party comprise J. N. Montgomery (geologist-incharge), S. Warren Carey, M.Sc. (geologist) and W. P. Wilson Itopographer). The party will set out for their concession shortly after the arrival of the Company’s vessel, which is expected to arrive on ber 20 in charge of Captain L. Kingdom Other members of the company—additional geologists and a surveyor—will arrive at a later date.

Rev, A. J. Collocott, of Mordialloc, Victoria, who was a Methodist missionary in Fiji in the 80’s, collapsed and died on November 14. He was 78.

Mr. and Mrs. Jack Gilmore, of Put Put Plantation, Kokopo, arrived in Sydney with their son Graham by the November Macdhui. They will remain in Australia until the New Year. 75 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

(a) Trochus shell. No. 1 grade £112 Trochus shell. No. 2 grade £109 Trochus shell. No. 3 grade £97 (b) Trochus shell. No. 1 grade £111 Trochus shell. No. 2 grade £108 Trochus shell. No. 3 grade £96 All quotes are f.o.b. and on the Australian. £.

Buying.

Selling.

Telegraphic transfer . . £110 15 0 £112 0 0 On demand . £110 12 6 £111 17 6 Australia on Papeete • Francs to £ Australian Average for week ended 26/10/36 .. 82.55 Average for week ended 2/11/36 ., 82.60 Average for week ended 9/11/36 .. 82.68 Average for week ended 16/11/36 .. 82.59 Average for week ended 23/11/36 .. 82.60 Australia on Noumea Francs to £ Australia* Average for week ended 26/10/36 .. 82.70 Average for week ended 2/11/36 .. 82.75 Average for week ended 9/11/36 .. 82.83 Average for week ended 16/11/36 .. 82.74 Average for week ended 23/11/36 .. 82.75 London; — Buying. Selling.

Telegraphic transfer £125 0 9 On Demand .. .. £123 0 0 124 17 6 30 days .. .. 122 15 0 124 15 0 60 days 122 10 0 124 12 6 90 days 122 5 0 124 10 0 120 days 122 0 0 124 7 6 Use - - Modern Direct Wireless Services for Your Communications

With Australia And Overseas

DIRECT WIRELESS SERVICES are available for inter-communication between the Islands of the Pacific and for traffic between the Islands and Australia and overseas countries.

Services are now in operation between Papua and Sydney, New Guinea and Sydney, New Caledonia and Sydney, and Fiji and Sydney. Speedy, economical and efficient service to Australia and overseas.

Route your traffic “Via the Wireless Service.”

For overseas traffic to Great Britain, North and South America, and all European countries, route your message via the Direct Australian

Beam Wireless Service

Lodge Your Messages At Any

Wireless Station Or Island Post

Office Routed “Via Wireless"

Amalgamated Wireless

(A’Sia) Limited

Islands Produce Coffee The fallowing quotations were obtained on November 23: Robusta, f.a.q., imported from Java on firm conversion of exchange, c.i.f., prompt shipment, Sydney: Quote No. 1: Ex-gold standard quotation is 33/- per cwt.; quote No. 2, Holland now off gold standard: New quotation is 23/-.

Kenya, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. Season closed; last quotations were;— No. 1 quotations: Grade “A,” 52/-; Grade “B,” 48/-; grade “C,” 45/-. No. 2 quotations: Grade “A,” 57/-; grade “B.” 52/-; grade “C,” 46/6; Triage, 45/6. No. 3 quotations: Grade “B,” 51/-; grade “C,” 43/-; Triage: Season closed.

Mysore, f.a.q., prompt shipment, c.i.f., Sydney, per cwt. Season closed; last quotes were:—No. 1 quotations, grade “A,” 58/-; grade “B,” 58/-. No. 2 quotation: Grade Triage, 42/-.

Arabian (Aden), Hodeidah, f.a.q., immediate shipment, c.i.f., Sydney. Quote (a) No. 1, pure, 58/- per cwt. Quotation (b) ; 52/- per cwt.

Note: Importers of coffee from Java, etc., pay the following additional charges: Exchange, duty (4d. lb.), primage (10 per cent.), landing costs (1/per cwt.). Coffee from Papua and New Guinea escapes most of these charges.

Kapok Based on firm conversion of exchange, the c.i.f. prices for kapok quoted in Sydney in mid-November were:—Average Java 7id. per lb. and Japara, 7 7-32 d. per lb.

Cocoa Quote No. 1: Cocoa beans, £43 per ton.

Quote No. 2: Accra, good fermented, £4l/10/per ton, c.i.f., Sydney.

Ivory Nuts No. 1 quotation: £9/10/- per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

No. 2 quotation: £9 per ton, f.0.b., Sydney.

Green Snail Shell Green snail shell, good quality, was quoted by Sydney buyers in mid-November at £5O per ton.

Sales, however, have been made recently at £5B/10/- per ton.

Trochus Shell Quotations for trochus shell obtained in Sydney from two different sources were: Cotton London c.i.f. prices for cotton during the month were:— Oct. 23, 6.71 d. lb., Nov. shipment; Oct. 30, 6.65 d. lb., Dec. shipment; Nov. 6,6.70 d. lb., Dec. shipment: Nov. 13, 6.49 d. lb., Dec. shipment; Nov. 20, 6.52 d. lb., Dec. shipment.

Rice Rangoon rice, packed in 1001 b. or 2001 b. bags, £l2/10/- per ton f.o.b. Sydney.

Australian table rice, packed in 561 b. bags, £l6/10/- per ton.

Exchange Rates The following exchange quotations, gathered in Sydney, show the rates existing in Sydney on November 23: — FIJI—THROUGH BANK OF N.B.W.

And Bank Of New Zealand

Australia bn Fiji on basis of £lOO Fiji: Buying £Alll/2/6, selling £AII3.

Fiji-London on basis £lOO London;

Direct Telegraphic Transfer

Selling Rates

Quoted by

Bank Of New South Wales

in Australia

Western Samoa—Through

BANK OF N.Z.

Exchange, Australia on Western Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa —buying £AIOO, selling £AIOO/10/-.

Exchange, Samoa on London, basis £lOO in

New Caledonia—Through

French Bank

Drafts, Sydney-Noumea and Noumea-Sydney, are on the basis of current rate of exchange on Paris, less per cent, either way. As quoted by the Comptoir National, in Sydney, and the Bank of Indo-Chine, Noumea: On November 23, when the Australian £ was nominally worth 82.95 francs. £lOO Australian would purchase a credit in Noumea of 8,295 francs.

NEW GUINEA AND PAPUA-

Through Commonwealth

BANK From Australia, Pt. Moresby, £1 per cent.; on Rabaul 10/- per cent.—other N. Guinea districts £1 per cent.

From Rabaul on London, same as Australia on London:— Buying: T.T. £AI2S equals £stg. 100.

Selling: T.T. £AI2S/10/- equals £stg. 100.

THROUGH BANK OF N.B.W.

Australia, on Papua, £1 per cent, premium each way, equivalent to commission of £l per cent.; Australia, on Rabaul, 10/- per cent, premium.

Papua and New Guinea on London: Same as Australia on London and vice versa. 76 Monthly, November 24, 1936 Pacific Island

June 7 . . 5 cl. 6d.

July 5 5d. 7 |d.

August 2 . . 4gd. 53d.

September 6 4 id. bid.

October 4 5d. 5.8 Jd.

November 1 5|d. 6|d.

December 6 63d. 6gd.

January 3, 1936 63d. 6^d.

February 1 73d. 7 3/16d.

March 6 . . 8 Jd. 7Jd.

April 3 83d. lid.

May 1 9d. 7 15/32d.

June 5 . . 9d. 73d.

July 3 . . . 9|d. 73d.

July 17 93d. 7 1 l/16d.

July 24 . . • •. 93d. 7 |d.

July 31 10*d. 7 1 l/16d.

August 7 . . lOJd. 7 |d.

August* 14 . 10Jd. 7 |d.

August 21 . 10£d. 7 9/16d.

August 28 . 10|d. 7 1l/16d.

September 4 lOJd. 7 ll/16d.

September 11 10|d. 7 ll/16d.

September 18 10Jd. 7 1 l/16d.

September 25 lOJd. 73d.

October 2 *. 10|d. 73d.

October 9 . 10|d. 7 id.

October 16 . 10 Jd. 7 id.

October 23 . lOid. 7 id.

October 30 . 10gd. 8Jd.

November 6 103d. 8 7 / 16d.

November 13 . lid. 8 9/16d.

November 20 . 113d. 8 ll/16d.

Aug. 21 . £13 5 0 £13 15 0 £14 17 6 Aug. 28 . £13 5 0 £13 15 0 £15 0 0 Sept. , 4 . £13 2 6 £13 10 0 £14 12 6 Sept. 11 . £13 5 0 £13 17 6 £15 0 0 Sept. , 18 . £13 5 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Sept. 25 . £13 5 0 £13 15 0 £14 15 0 Oct. 2 . £13 7 6 £13 10 0 £14 10 0 Oct. 9 . £13 10 0 £13 12 6 £14 12 6 Oct. 16 . £13 15 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Oct. 23 . £14 7 6 £14 10 0 £15 7 6 Oct. 30 . £14 15 0 £14 17 6 £15 15 0 Nov. 6 . £15 10 0 £15 2 6 £16 5 0 Nov. 13 . £16 0 0 £16 2 6 £16 15 0 Nov. 20 . £17 15 0 £17 17 6 £18 15 0 Rubber Plantation London Para Smoked Price on — per lb.

Per lb.

January 6, 1933 43d. .. 2.43d.

February 10 43d. . . 2|d.

March 10 . . 4gd. .. 2 Jd.

April 14 . . . . 4id. .. 2.34d.

May 5 4gd. . . 2.81d.

June 2 5 Jd. . . 3.56d.

July 7 5 id. . . 3.71d.

August 4 5 Jd. . . 4d.

September 1 . . 5d. 3.78d.

October 13 . 4Jd. . . 4d.

November 10 43d. . . 4.09d.

December 8 4 id. .. 4.Old.

January 5, 1934 43d. . . 4.28d.

February 2 4|d. . . 4.84d.

March 6 5d. 5.15d.

May 4 53d. . . 7d.

June 1 5£d. . . 63d.

July 6 5id. . . 7.06d.

August 3 5Jd. . . 7.18d.

September 7 . . 5 Jd. . . 7gd.

October 5 . . 53d. . . 6 Id.

November 16 5 Jd. . . 63d.

December 28 6d. 63d.

January 4. 1935 5d. 63d.

February 1 ... 4 3d. .. 6|d.

March i 4id. . . 6.1|d.

April 5 4id. . . 5.43d.

May 3 4 3d. .. 5 9/16d.

Copra South Sea, Plantation, Sun-Dried Hot-air Dried, London to London Rabaul Price on— Per ton, i c.i.f.

Per ton, c.i.f.

January 16, 1931 . . £14 7 6 £14 12 6 February 2 7 £14 12 6 £14 17 6 March 27 . £14 10 0 £14 12 6 April 24 . . £13 15 0 £13 17 6 May 29 . . £10 17 6 £11 0 0 June 26 . . £11 15 0 £11 17 6 July 31 . . £11 5 0 £11 7 6 August 28 £11 2 6 £11 5 0 September 25 £12 15 0 £12 15 0 October 30 . £13 10 0 £13 15 0 November 27 £13 10 0 £13 15 0 December 18 £14 5 0 £14 10 0 January 1, 1932 £14 0 0 £14 15 0 February 12 £14 10 0 £14 15 0 March 25 . £14 17 6 £15 0 0 April 29 £14 15 0 £14> 17 6 May 20 . . £13 17 6 £14 0 0 June 17 . . £13 2 6 £13 5 0 July 1 • • £13 5 0 £13 7 6 August 12 . £13 17 6 £14 0 0 September 2 . . £13 17 6 £14 0 0 October 7 . £14 5 0 £14 7 6 November 11 £14 7 6 £14 10 0 December 16 £14 2 6 £14 5 0 January 6, 1933 £13 0 0 £13 12 6 February 3 £12 5 0 £12 7 & March 3 . . £11 7 6 £11 10 0 April 28 . . £10 10 0 £10 12 6 May 26 . . £11 2 6 £11 5 0 June 30 .. £10 17 6 £11 0 0 July 21 . . £11 2 6 £11 5 0 August 4 £10 10 0 £10 12 6 September 29 £9 7 6 £9 10 0 October 20 £8 15 0 £9 0 0 November 3 . . £9 10 0 £9 15 0 December 1 . . £8 12 6 £9 0 0 January 5, 1934 £8 0 0 £8 7 6 February 16 £7 17 6 £8 10 0 March 30 . £7 7 6 £8 0 0 April 27 . . £7 7 6 £8 0 0 May 18 £7 15 0 £8 12 6 June 15 . . £8 0 0 £8 12 6 July 6 . . £7 17 6 £8 15 0 August 3 . . £8 0 0 £8 17 6 September 7 £7 12 6 £8 15 0 October 5 £8 0 0 £9 0 0 November 2 . . £7 15 0 £8 15 0 December 28 £9 0 0 £9 12 6 January 4, 1935 £9 5 0 £10 5 0 February 1 £11 12 6 £12 2 6 March 1 . . £12 2 6 £12 15 0 April 5 £10 15 0 £11 15 0 May 3 £11 17 6 £12 12 6 June 7 £11 15 0 £12 7 6 July 5 . . £9 12 0 £10 5 0 August 2 . . £9 15 0 £10 15 0 September 6 . . £9 J7 6 £10 17 6 October 4 . £11 7 6 £12 7 6 November 1 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 December 6 £12 17 6 £14 0 0 South Sea.

South Sea.

Plantation.

Smoked, to Genoa Sun-Dried Hot-air Dried.

London and Marseilles to London.

Rabaul. * Price on— Per ton, c.i.f.

Per ton. c.i.f.

Per ton. c.i. f.

Jan. 3, ’36 £13 2 6 £13 ! 15 0 £15 0 0 Feb. 7 . . £13 0 0 £14 0 0 £15 0 0 Feb. 28 . . £12 15 0 £13 ; 12 6 £14 5 0 Mar. 6 . . £11 15 0 £12 : 15 0 £13 0 0 Mar. 27 . £12 5 0 £13 1 5 0 £13 17 6 April 3 . £12 7 6 £13 ; 5 0 £13 17 6 Apr. 24 . £11 17 6 £12 ; 2 6 £13 0 0 May 1 .. £11 10 0 £11 15 0 £12 10 0 May 22 . £11 15 0 £12 1 15 0 £13 0 0 May 28. Market closed during Whitsun holidays.

June 5 . . £11 10 0 £12 ; o 0 £12 17 6 June 12 . £11 10 0 £12 1 0 0 £13 0 0 June 19 . £11 15 0 £12 1 5 0 £13 5 0 June 26 . £12 2 6 £12 : 10 0 £13 12 6 July 3 . . £12 0 0 £12 : 10 0 £13 10 0 July 10 . £12 10 0 £12 : 15 0 £13 15 0 July 17 . £12 12 6 £13 1 2 6 £14 2 6 July 24 . £12 15 0 £13 1 5 0 £14 5 0 July 31 . £12 10 0 £13 ; o 0 £13 17 6 Aug. 7 . £12 17 6 £13 7 6 £14 7 6 Aug. 14 . £13 0 0 £13 i 10 0 £14 10 0 A Complete Service for Travellers Thoroughly equipped Travel Departments for the convenience of visitors are located at the offices of the Bank of New South Wales at Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart, Auckland, Wellington, Suva, and London.

Telephones and writing rooms are available for visitors and information is supplied regarding places of interest, routes, fares and accommodation. Bookings and reservations are made as desired. No charge is made for the services rendered by these departments.

Bank of New South Wales (Established 1817) 777 Branches throughout Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands and London.

Market Quotations Range of Prices The Pacific Islands Monthly makes a close check of the prices quoted for Islands produce; and it regularly publishes the range of prices during each month, including the last available quotation before going to press.

Miss Nellie Hullett, who has a long record of missionary service with the New Guinea Mission in Papua, returned to her station at Naniu by the Macdhui early in November.

Mr, Oscar M. Rondahl, of Kabakaul, New Guinea, married Miss Phyllis Cooper, of Burnside, South Australia, on October 12, at Adelaide. They sailed a week later for the East on a honeymoon by the Nieuw Holland. Mr. and Mrs. Rondahl will return to Rabaul in December. 77 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

D’Amiens.

C. Ramel.

Papeete Dec 20-21 Jan 30-31 Raiatea — Feb 1 Suva ....

Dec 28 Feb 8 Vila Dec 30 Feb 10 Noumea, arr.

Jan 1 .

Feb 12 Noumea, dep: Jan 10 Feb 21 Vila Jan 13 Feb 24 Raiatea Jan 20 Mar 3 Papeete Jan 21-23 Mar 4-6 MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agent*.

M.V. Neptuna Hong Kong . Nov 14 Salamaua ... Dec. 5 Saigon Nov. 20 Rabaul Dec. 7 Manila Nov. 24 Sydney Dec. 14* Sandakan Nov. 26 * The M.V. Neptuna will go on to Melbourne, arriving on December 17. Two days later she will return to Sydney to be laid up for overhaul. The vessel will resume the service in February, 1937.

BURNS, PHILP & CO. LTD., Agents.

M.V. Maui Pomarc.

Wellington . . Nov 24 Niue Dec 5 Apia (arr. ) . . Dec 1 Lyttelton ... Dec 14 Apia (dep.) . . Dec 3 Wellington . . Dec 15 Salamaua Rabaul London ■ Dec 24 Port Pirie Feb 14 Sydney Feb 20 Brisbane Nov 27 —— buva Dec 5 Mar 2 Salamaua Dec 15 Mar 12 Rabaul Dec 19 Mar 16 London Feb 28 May 26 W. R CARPENTER & CO., LTD.

Montoro, Macdhui.

Sydney . . .

Dec 22 Brisbane . .

Dec 4 Dec 24 Townsville Dec 7 — Cairns ....

Dec 28 Pt. Moresby Dec 10 Dec 30 Yule Is. . .

Dec 31 Samarai . .

Dec 12 Jan 2 Woodlark Is Dec 13 — Rabaul . . .

Dec 15-16 Jan 4-5 Jan 6 Lindenhafen Kavieng . .

Dec 17 — Salamaua Lae i i i Dec 19-21 Jan 7-8 Lombrum Jan 10 Lorengau i Boram ....

Jan 11 Wewak — Madang . . .

Alexishafen i \ Dec 22 Jan 12 Finschafen Dec 18 Jan 13 Salamaua . — Jan 15 Kavieng — Jan 16 Pondo Dec 24 Dec 24 Rabaul . . .

Jan 18 Jan 20 Salamaua Dec 26 Samarai . .

Dec 28 Jan 21 Pt. Moresby Dec 30 Jan 22 Jan 1 Jan 4 Brisbane . .

Jan 26 Sydney Jan 6 Jan 28 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

S.S. Morlnda.

Sydney ....

Nov 28 Dec 10 Lord Howe.

Nov X) Dec 12 Norfolk Is.. .

Dec 2 Dec 14 Vila Dec 17-18 Bushman's Bay — Dec 19 Malo Tangoa [ — Dec 19 Segond J Aoba — Dec 20 Vila — Dec 21 Norfolk Is. .

Dec 3 Dec 24 Lord Howe • Dec 5 Dec 26 Sydney ....

Dec 7 Dec 28 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen

Hongkong, New Guinea, British Solomon Islands Service

Regular Sailings By

S.S. “Friderun” And S.S. “Bremerhaven”

Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued to all parts of the world For further particulars apply to MELCHERS CO., General Agents, P. 0.8., 423, Hongkong, Chin*.

COLYER, WATSON & CO., N.D.L. Agents, New Guinea, Rabaul.

GILCHRIST, WATT & SANDERSON, LTD., N.D.L. Agents, Sydney. mannpmtfi LICENSEE: E. J. MORROW Cosmopolitan samara! Hotel First-class Accommodation for Tourists and Travellers Ball-room; Electric Light; Billiards; Freezing - works; Cold Store. Best brands of Wines, Spirits, Ales.

Moderate Tariff

Fishing Trips and Launch Excursions arranged

Where To Stay In Port Moresby

PAPUA HOTEL Catering specially for Tourists and Travellers Situated on high ground overlooking both coasts, its Spacious Lounges are always Cool and Comfortable. Tariff: Per Day, 16/-; per week, £5/5/-; per month, £l4; bed and u , , breakfast, 10/-; bedroom Licensee: Papua Hotel, Ltd. on l y> 7/5.

First-class Accommodation. Parties Arranged. Cars meet all steamers.

OTEL Moresby COMFORTABLE ACCOMMODATION

Only The Best

BRANDS OF

Wines, Spirits

AND BEERS IN STOCK LICENSEE: Hotel Moresby Ltd.

NEAR THE WHARF Shipping: Services in the Pacific French Eastern Pacific Service By vessels running between Marseilles and New Caledonia, via West Indies and Panama Canal.

Sydney-N. Guinea-Hong Kong Subject to Alteration Without Notice.

N. Zealand —Samoa —Niue The New Zealand Government’s steamer Maui Pornare (1159 tons) is the only direct connection between the Dominion and the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa. The vessel, carrying mails, passengers, and cargo, is controlled by the Department of External Affairs at Wellington, where application should be made concerning freights, berths, etc.

Europe—Sydney—Suva — New Guinea Subject to Alteration Without Notice Sydney—Papua—New Guinea Subject to Alteration Without Notice.

Papuan Inter-Island Service S.S. Papuan Chief (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) makes regular round trips from Port Moresby to Samarai via Kapa Kapa, Abau, and Baibara, return by same route; then Port Moresby to Daru via Hisiu, Yule Is., Kukipi, Orokolo, Kikori and back via Orokolo, Yule Island, and Hisiu —full trip occupying about one month.

M.V. Nusa (Steamships Trading Co., Ltd.) holds the Papuan Government’s contract for carrying mails and passengers on the north-east coast of Papua. The Nusa connects with all Southern mail steamers at Samarai.

M.V. Matoma (Burns, Philp & Co. Ltd.) makes round trips on a regular schedule from Samarai to Misima Island, via the Conflict Group.

Sydney—Norfolk Island—New Hebrides Subject to alteration without notice. 78 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

M.V.

Malalta.

Sydney 12 Brisbane 14 Townsville . . . 17 Tulagi 1 Makambo [ Dec 21-22 Gavutu Su’u 23 Domma J Mamara 1 Tasavarong . . .

I Dec 24 Aruligo J M cringe Hivo j Dec 25 Yandina Banika 1 Ufa [Dec 1 26-27 Faimai Younger 1 Pepesala J Gizo 28 Faisi 29 Kieta 29 Numa Numa Arigua | Dec 31 Rabaul 1-2 Soraken Jan 3-4 Kieta Jan 4 Faisi 5 Gizo j Jan 6 Tetipari Russell Group 7-8 Gavutu | Jan 9 Makambo . . .

Brisbane 14 Sydney 16 BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD., Agents.

S.S. Van Rees.

Saigon Jan 14 Batavia Jan 18-20 Samarang Nov 21 Jan 21 Pt. Moresby Nov 30 Jan 30 Samarai Dec 2 Feb 1 Rabaul Dec 4 Feb 3-4 Vila Dec 10 Feb 9 Noumea Dec 12-13 Feb 11-13 Sydney Dec 17-19 Feb 17-19 Pt. Moresby Dec 26 Feb 26 Batavia Jan 6-8 Mar 9 Saigon Jan 13 Mariposa.

Monterey.

Mariposa Honolulu . .

Nov 16 Dec 13 Jan 11 Pago Pago Nov 21 Dec 18 Jan 16 Suva ....

Dec 21 Jan 19 Auckland .

Nov 27 Dec 24 J<xn 22 Sydney, arr.

Nov 30 Dec 27 Jan 25 Melbourne Dec 4-5 D. 31-J. 2 Tan 29-30 Sydney, dep.

Dec 9 Jan 6 Feb 3 Auckland . . . . Dec 12 Jan 9 Feb 6 Suva Jan 12 Feb 9 Pago Pago Dec 16 Jan 13 Feb 10 Honolulu . . ■ • Dec 21 Jan 18 Feb 15 OCEANIC STEAMSHIP CO.. MATSON LINE.

Aorangi. Niagara. Aorangi Honolulu . . Nov 11 Dec 9 Jan 6 Suva Nov 20 Dec 18 Jan 15 Auckland .. Nov 23-24 Dec 21-22 Jan 18-19 Sydney Nov 28 Dec 26 fan 23 Sydney, dep. . Dec 3 Jan 21 Feb 18 Auckland . . Dec 7-8 Jan 25-26 Feb 22-23 Suva Dec 11 Jan 29 Feb 26 Honolulu . . Dec 18 Feb 5 Mar 5 UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agent*. 10 Horse Power Model 36 Marine Diesel

Fairbanks ■ Morse

BOX 2672EE, G.P.O.

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An Ever Present Possibility with ANY Petrol Engine Buy a F.M. Diesel Engine and Eliminate this Hazard MANUFACTURERS FOR 105

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PRODUCTS * Engines from 10 to 60 horsepower carried in stock in Sydney. Spare parts always available. €O. (AUST.) LTD.

SYDNEY Solomon Islands—N.G. Service Subject to Alteration Without Notice Fiji Inter-Island Services S.S. Malake, 736 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), under contract with Fiji Government. Regular four weekly itinerary comprises: Two trips Buca Bay, returning by same route to Suva —trip occupying 8 days. Two trips each Suva to Lautoka, returning to Suva direct or via Ellington—trip occupying 3 or 4 days.

A. K. Helena (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.) makes regular trips from Suva to Labasa, via Levuka and Macuata ports, then returns to Suva. Round trip occupies about 9 days.

M.S. Adi Rewa (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) makes trips from Suva to Levuka and Labasa via Macuata ports—trip occupies 8 days. Leaves Suva and proceeds to Levuka, Nabouwalu, Lekutu, Dreketi, Naduri, and Labasa. Returns to Suva by same route. On alternative trips she returns from Labasa via Naduri, Nakaloa, Dreketi, Naiserewaqa, Lekutu, Galoa, Nabouwalu, and Levuka. Latter trip occupies about 10 days.

M.S. Tui Kauvaro (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva to Levuka, calling at Lautoka and Ellington. Voyage takes 4 days.

M.V. Tui Cakau (Morris, Hedstrom Ltd.) operates from Suva and makes regular inter-island trips throughout the Colony.

Saigon—Java—Noumea Line Subject to Alteration Without Notice.

ROYAL PACKET NAVIGATION CO., LTD.

Sydney—N.Z.—Cook Is.— Tahiti On her last trip on this service, the Makura will leave Papeete on November 28 for Sydney, calling at Rarotonga on Nov. 30 and Wellington on Dec. 7-8. Upon her arrival in Australia on Dec. 12 this old-established line will be discontinued. (See Page 7).

UNION S.S. CO., LTD., Agents.

Samoan Inter-Island Service A.S. Makoa, 250 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.) operates from Apia and connects regularly with Pago Pago, also Tokelaus, Swain, Nassau, and Phoenix Groups.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Samoa Hawaii Subject to alteration without notice.

Sydney—N.Z.—Fiji—Hawaii Subject to alteration without notice.

Gilbert and Ellice Islands Service M.V. Ralum, 368 tons (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd.), operates from Tarawa (Gilbert Islands), and connects regularly with all islands in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups.

French Oceania Inter-Island S.S. Tooya (597 tons) makes regular trip* from Papeete, through Leeward Group (Raiatea, Huahine, Borabora, etc.) about every four weeks, and also regularly visits Tuamotu and Gambier Archipelagoes.

MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO., Agents.

Ocean Island—Nauru Service British Phosphate Commission, 16 Spring Street, Sydney, sends boats irregularly from Melbourne. 79 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

Tanda.

Nankin.

Nellore.

Hong Kong . . Dec 4 Jan. 2 Jan 30 Manila . . Dec 7 Jan 5 Feb 2 Rabaul . . Dec 15 Jan 13 Feb 10 Brisbane . . . . Dec 21 Jan 19 Feb 16 Sydney . . . . . Dec 23 Tan 21 Feb 18 Melbourne . . D.28-J.2 J.2S-F.23 F. 22-M. 3 Hobart . . .

Feb 5 Mar 5 Newcastle . . Jan 7 Feb 8 Mar 8 Sydney, dep, . . Jan 13 Feb 13 Mar 13 Brisbane . . . . Jan 15 Feb 15 Mar 15 Townsville, op. Jan 18 Feb 18 Mar 18 Rabaul . . Jan 23 Feb 23 Mar 23 Manila . . Jan 31 Mar 3 Mar 31 Hong Kong . . Feb 3 Mar 6 Apr 3 E. & A.

STEAMSHIP CO. LTD., , Agents.

Melbourne Brisbane Maru Maru Kobe 2 Dec 30 Moji 3-4 Dec 31 Rabaul 13 Jan 9 Noumea . . . . 18-19 Jan 15-16 Auckland . . . 22-24 Jan 19-20 Wellington 26-28 Jan 22-23 Lyttelton 29 Jan 24-25 Dunedin .... 30-31 Jan 26-27 Wellington Jan 1-4 Jan 28-30 Auckland . . .

Jan 6-7 Feb 1-2 Cebu ....... 22-23 Feb 17-18 Manila Jan 24-25 Feb 19-20 Hong Kong Jan 27-28 Feb 22-23 Shanghai Feb 1-2 Feb 27 Kobe Feb 4-7 Mar 2-5 OSAKA

Shosen Kaisha Line

Pierre Loti.

Sydney Dec 18 Jan 14 Noumea Dec 22-24 Jan 18-20 Lifou Dec 25 Jan 21 Vila Dec 2 6 Jan 22 Luganville Dec 27 Tan 23 Le Dart Dec 28 Jan 24-25 Vila Dec 30 Jan 26 Lifou Dec 31 Jan 27 Noumea Jan 1-2 Tan 28-29 Sydney Jan 6 Feb 2 MESS ACER IES MARiTIMES CO., Agent*.

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Vices From Seaports

To All Aerodromes

Through Out The

GOLDFIELDS DISTRICTS.

Charters Anywhere Arranged Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd.

Air Transport, Customs, Shipping and Indent Agents

Salamaua And Wau, New Guinea

Cables; “Holdairco” Salamaua and Sydney SYDNEY OFFICE: 20 MARTIN PLACE. Phone: B 7507 Central Pacific Services Subject to alteration without notice The cargo vessel Hauraki (7,113 tons) will depart from Sydney for Fiji and Tahiti on November 27. She will call at Suva (Dec. 7), Lautoka (Dec. 9), Suva (Dec. 16), Papeete (Dec. 23), and will then go on to American ports. The following steamer will be the Wairuna (5832 tons) which will sail from Sydney for South Seas ports on December 12. She is scheduled to call at Lautoka (Dec. 19), Suva (Dec. 20), Apia (Dec. 22), Rarotonga (Dec. 31), and Papeete (Dec. 31).

The motor ship Matua (4,166 tons) is now on a regular timetable serving Central Pacific ports from New Zealand. Her next three voyages are as follows: Auckland . Nov 19 Dec 15 Jan 12 Rarotonga . Dec 19 Jan 16 Nukualofa . Nov 22-23 Dec 23-24 Jan 20-21 Apia .... Nov 24-25 Dec 25-26 Jan 22-23 Suva .... Nov 28 Dec 30-31 Feb 24-25 Auckland . Dec 2 Jan 4 Feb 1 Wellington . Dec 4-12 Jan 6-9 Feb 3-6 Auckland . Dec 14 Jan 11 Feb 8 UNION S.S. CO. LTD., Agents.

N.G. Goldfields’ Service Aeroplanes conducted by Guinea Airways Ltd., Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., W. R. Carpenter & Co. Ltd., and other companies, leave Salamaua and Lae two and three time daily for Wau and other centres on the Morobe goldfields.

The aerial services are the only means of communication.

Wau-Port Moresby Service A regular aeroplane service is now maintained by Guinea Airways Ltd., allowing passengers to and from the goldfields to connect with the steamers at Port Moresby. Details from the pursers of the Burns, Philp steamers.

Japan—N. Guinea—Noumea— New Zealand Subject to alteration without notice Sydney—Noumea—New Hebrides —Indochine Subject to alteration without notice.

New Caledonian Services S.S. Mawatta and S.S. Neo (Hebridais (Societe Tour de Cotes) make regular five-weekly trips, carrying mails and passengers, from Noumea along the east coast to Arama, trip occupying 9 days. Also from Noumea to He Belep ? via the west coast, voyage taking 8 days. Leaving Noumea on the run up the east coast the vessels call at Yate, Touarou, N. Goye, Kuakue, Thio, Nakety, Canalo, Gouaoua, Houailou, Moueo, Pouerihouen, Tieti, Poindimie, Wagap, Touho, Kokingone, Hieghene, Tao, Outbatch, Pouebo, Balada, Pam and Arama. Return by same route.

Ports visited on west coast trip are: Bourail, Poya, Mueo, Poumbout, Kone, Voh, Temala, Ouaco, Koumac, Karamble, Tangadiou, Paagoumene, Nehoue. Mouac, Belep, and return by same route.

S.S. Loyaute (Societe des lies Loyalties) maintains a four-weeks’ service between Noumea and Loyalty Is. Trip occupies 6 days and the vessel calls at Tadine (Mare Is.), Chepenehe and We (Lifou Is.), Fajoue, St. Joseph and Banout (Ouvea Is.). Calls are made occasionally at Isle of Pines and Walpole Island.

Sydney—Rabaul—Hong Kong Subject to alteration without notice.

New Hebrides Inter-Island 5.5. Mirani (Burns Philp (South Sea) Co.

Ltd.), connects every six weeks at Vila with S.S.

Morinda from Sydney, then proceeds on southern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum, and returns to Vila—trip occupying 7or 8 days. After 2or 3 days at Vila, departs on northern trip, calling at the islands of Efate, Mai, Tongoa, Epi, Paama, Ambrym, Malekula, Aoba, Malo, Santo and returns to Vila, trip occupying 25 to 28 days. Vessel extends to Banks Group every second trip equivalent to about every six weeks. 5.5. Bucephale (Messageries Maritimes interisland service steamer) makes regular trips to Tanna every two months, connecting at Vila with the Laperouse. She visits Banks Group every ten weeks.

Miss Lilia Lashmar, of the N.G. Mission, returned to Ambasi, Papua, after furlough by the November Macdhui. 80 Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936 Published by Pacific Publications Ltd., Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney (Telephone BW 5037). Wholly set up and printed in Australia by The Land Newspaper Ltd., 59 Regent Street, Sydney. (7881)

Aerial Transport Established

New Guinea Gold Industry

S INCE 1927, when the development of the Morobe Goldfield commenced, the European population of the Territory has been trebled.

The new industry has increased the Empire's gold production by nearly £2,000,000 per annum, and has added enormously to the trade turnover of New Guinea.

Only Aerial Transport makes this possible. There is no road between the Goldfields and the coast. Aeroplanes, running on Regular Schedules, without Difficulty or Delay, carry in Dredges, Crushing Mills, Cyaniding Plants, Motor Vehicles, Hydro - Electric Machinery, Thousands of Passengers, and Every Kind of Goods needed by a large and Growing European Community.

G ■UINEA AIRWAYS LTD. were established in 1927; and they have grown in the following way, until they are to-day the largest freight-carrying service in the world: J G W«6l WWays i A typical load landed from one of Guinea Airways' giant freight-carrying aeroplanes. This big G-31 Junkers machine carried from Lae, on the coast, to the aerodrome at Wau, the goldfields centre in the interior, a Baby Austin motor car, an office safe, and 38 bags of rice-^-a * total weight of nearly two and a half tons.

Guinea Airways Ltd. operate regular air services in New Guinea and Papua; they use over 50 Aerodromes and Landing-grounds in the two Territories.

Guinea Airways L™

Lae • Salamaua

HEAD OFFICE:

Brookman Buildings

Grenfell Street

ADELAIDE, S.A.

NEW GUINEA OFFICE: LAE

Mandated Territory Of

New Guinea

BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENTS AT WAU, SALAMAUA, PORT MORESBY. AND SYDNEY Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936

the more SATISFACTION you’ll find in K. 8.!

AC o'- I > V h 5 o -5S v^ x \A CO Sf o .

When the sun beats down with throatparching fierceness—when the air shimmers with the tropical heat—that’s when you’ really appreciate the cooling, enjoyable qualities of K. 8.; for the hotter the weather, the more real refreshment there is in a cool, satisfying glass of TOOTH’S K B. LAGER.

Pacific Islands Monthly, November 24, 1936